句型宝典
疑問句型 What is this? 結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋this（that„）？
答句：This（that„）＋be 動詞＋a book（pen„）。 說明︰此句型意為“這（那）是什麼？這（那）是書（鋼筆„）”。what（什麼）叫做“疑問詞”，用於詢問“事物”，通常放在句首，後接 be ，再接，第一個字母 w要大寫，句尾要加問號(?)，位置不可排錯。
What is this? This is a chair.這是什麼？這是一張椅子。
What’s this? It’s a book.這是什麼？它是一本書。 What is that? That is a desk.那是什麼？那是一張書桌。
What are these? 結構︰問句：What are＋these／those„？
答句：These／Those are＋複數名詞（＋s／es）。 說明︰與的形式要一致，is 後面接單數，are 後面要接複數。
What are these? These are books.這些是什麼？這些是書。 What are those? Those are cups.那些是什麼？那些是茶杯。
What are they? They are glaes.它們是什麼？它們是玻璃杯。 What are you? 結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋主詞（人）„？
答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋a student„。
說明︰此句型意為“你是做什麼事情的？我是學生„”。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外，還可用於詢問“人的職業或身分”。be 隨的變化而改變形態，如：I am，we are，you are，he is„。
What are you? I am a student.你是做什麼事情的？我是一名學生。
What is she? She is a teacher.她是做什麼事情的？她是一名教師。 Are you a ...? 結構︰問句：Be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞＋„？
肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋am（are，is）。
否定簡答：No，主詞＋am（are，is）not。 說明︰在否定中，和 am，is，are 可以縮寫；在肯定中則不可。
Is he a student? Yes, he is.(No, he isn’t.) 他是學生嗎？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am.(No, I’m not.) 你是教師嗎？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）
Is that a clock? Yes, it is.(No, it isn’t.) 那是鐘錶嗎？是的，它是。（不，它不是。） What is your name? 結構︰問句：What＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。
說明︰“my，your，his，her”為單數人稱的；後面必接，即“＋”；不可與 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 緊接一起使用。 What is your name? My name is Sue.妳叫什麼名字？我的名字叫蘇。
What is his name? His name is John.他叫什麼名字？他的名字叫約翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean.她叫什麼名字？她的名字叫珍。 Who is that ...? 結構︰問句：Who＋be 動詞＋that＋形容詞＋名詞？
答句：That is＋名字。
說明︰Who 是，詢問人的“姓名”或“關係”；將直接放在前面，叫做“前位修飾”。 Who is that short boy? That is Bill.那位矮男孩是誰？那位是比爾。
Who is that tall girl? That is Mary.那位高女孩是誰？那位是瑪麗。
Who is that fat man? He is my uncle.那位胖男子是誰？那位是我叔叔。 Where is ...? 結構︰問句：Where＋be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞„？
答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋in the＋名詞„。
說明︰問句是“Where ...?”，簡答時可用“In／On the＋”。
Where is Sue? She is in her room.蘇在那裡？她在她的房間裡。
Where are your books? On the desk.你的書在那裡？在書桌上。
Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen.你媽嗎在哪裡？她在廚房裡。 Are you V-ing ...? 結構︰Am（Are，Is）＋主詞＋現在分詞„？
說明︰此句型意為“（人，物）正在„嗎？”。這一轉換的三要素是：be 移到句首；改為大寫；句尾用問號。 Is Mary sleeping? 瑪麗正在睡覺嗎？ Are you reading a book? 你正在看書嗎？ Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍嗎？ What are you doing? 結構︰問句：What＋am（are，is）＋主詞＋現在分詞？
答句：主詞＋am（are，is）＋現在分詞„。
說明︰“（人）正在做什麼？（人）正在„”。注意：的動詞只能用原形，不可造；表示“瞬間產生”的動作的，如 sit down，stand up，不可造。
What am I doing? You are reading a book.我正在做什麼？ 你正在閱讀一本書。
What are the girls doing? They are singing.姑娘們正在做什麼？ 她們在唱歌。
What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter.比爾在寫什麼？ 他在寫一封信。 How old are you? 結構︰問句：How old＋be 動詞＋主詞（某人）？
答句：主詞（某人）＋be 動詞＋year(s) old。 說明︰此句型意為“某人幾歲？某人是„歲”。該句型中，要用 how，不可用 what；且 be （am，is，are）要和後面的(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。 How old are you? I am twelve (years old).你幾歲？我十二歲。
How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old.你的姊妹幾歲？她十三歲。
How old is John? He is one year old.約翰幾歲？他一歲。
What time is it? 結構︰問句：What time is it？
答句：It is＋數字＋o’clock。
說明︰此句型意為“現在是幾點鐘？現在是„點鐘”。問句中 what 當，修飾後面的 time；time 當時間解時，只能用單數，不可用複數。
What time is it? It is ten o’clock.現在是幾點鐘？現在是十點鐘。
What time is it? It is six o’clock.現在是幾點鐘？現在是六點鐘。
What time is it? It is nine o’clock.現在是幾點鐘？現在是九點鐘。 Do you + V ...? 結構︰問句：Do／Does＋主詞＋原形動詞„？
肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋do／does。
否定簡答：No，主詞＋don’t／doesn’t。 說明︰肯定句中，如有一般（speak，work，teach„），則在句首加 do 或 does，並將一般改為原形（不加s或es），即構成。
Do you speak English? Yes, I do.(No, I don’t.)
你講英語嗎？是的，我講英語。（不，我不講英語。） Does she have a cat? Yes, she does.(No, she doesn’t.)
她有一隻貓嗎？是的，她有一隻貓。（不，她沒有一隻貓。）
Do they work in office? Yes, they do.(No, they don’t.)
他們在辦公室裡工作嗎？是的，他們在辦公室裡工作。（不，他們不在辦公室裡工作。） What time do you + V ...? 結構︰問句：What time＋do／does＋主詞＋原形動詞„？
答句：主詞（某人）＋一般動詞„＋時間。 說明︰此句型意為“某人幾點做某事？” do 或 does 的選擇依而定，若為第三人稱單數，用 does；其它用 do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six.你幾點起床？我通常六點起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢？他通常十點就寢。
What time does your cla begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的課幾點開始？八點十分開始。 What day is today? 結構︰問句：What day is today？
答句：It’s＋Sunday／Monday／„。
說明︰此句型意為“今天是星期幾？今天是星期日／星期一／„。”it 可用於指“星期的名稱”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名稱，都是，開頭的首字母要大寫，前面不加。
What day is today? It’s Sunday.今天是星期幾？今天是星期日。
What day is today? It’s Wednesday.今天是星期幾？今天是星期三。
What day is today? It’s Saturday.今天是星期幾？今天是星期六。
How many N are there ...結構︰問句：How many＋複數名詞＋are there in／on＋名詞？
答句：There is／are＋單數（複數）名詞＋in／on＋名詞。
說明︰此句型意為“在某處有多少„？在某處有„。”該句型中，many 修飾複數；又因本句型是 ，故用 are there，不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year. 一年有幾個季節？ 一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week. 一星期有幾天？ 一星期有七天。
How many leons are there in this book? There are twelve leons in this book. 這本書裡有幾課？ 這本書裡有十二課。 How many ...do you have? 結構︰問句：How many＋複數名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？
答句：主詞＋have／has„＋複數名詞＋„。
答句：主詞＋don’t／doesn’t have„＋複數名詞„。
說明︰“How many”後面接複數，複數的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修飾。 How many books do you have? I have a lot of books.(I don’t have any books.)
你有幾本書？ 我有許多書。（我沒有書。）
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters.(I don’t have any sweaters.)
你有幾件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我沒有毛衣。）
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends.(She doesn’t have many friends.)
她有幾個朋友？ 她有許多朋友。（她沒有許多朋友。） How much ...do you have? 結構︰問句：How much＋單數不可數名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？
答句：主詞＋have／has„＋單數不可數名詞。
答句：主詞＋don’t／doesn’t have„＋單數不可數名詞。
說明︰“How much”後面接單數，單數前面可用 much， a little，some，little，any，no 等修飾。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea.(He doesn’t have any tea.)
他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他沒有茶。）
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework.(They don’t have much homework.) 他們有多少家庭作業？ 他們有許多家庭作業。（他們沒有許多家庭作業。） How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit.(They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
他們有多少水果？ 他們有許多水果。（他們沒有許多水果。） How much do(es) ...cost? 結構︰How much do（es）＋某物＋cost„？ 說明︰此句型意為“某物值多少錢？”。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作：“How much＋ be ＋某物？\"。 How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢？
How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢？ How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢？ Did ...V ...結構︰Did＋主詞＋原形動詞＋„過去時間？
說明︰將肯定句中的過去式改為“Did＋原形”，並將 Did 放在句首，句尾用問號，即構成過去式的。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎？ Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎？ Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公園玩耍嗎？
Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午飯嗎？ Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在動物園裡看到大象了嗎？
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 蘇在八點鐘吃過早餐了嗎？
Do you ever + V ...? 結構︰問句：Do／Does＋主詞＋ever＋原形動詞„？ 答句：No，主詞＋never＋一般動詞（加s或es）„。 說明︰ever 通常用於，never 通常用於否定回答；never 也可放在句首，後接原形 ，形成否定，如例句4。
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer. 你曾經使用電腦嗎？不，我未曾使用過電腦。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late. 湯姆曾經晚起床嗎？不，湯姆未曾晚起床過。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano. 薩莉曾經彈鋼琴嗎？不，薩莉未曾彈過鋼琴。
Never be late for school, Bill.比爾，上學絕不可遲到。
What year was he born in? 結構︰What date／year＋was／were＋主詞＋born＋on／in？ 說明︰此句型意為“你出生於幾月幾日（那一年）？”。born 是 bear 的過去，在文法上當 ，前面常有 was 或 were；中文說“某人出生”，英語應說：“某人＋was／were born„”。
What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年？ What date was your mother born on? 你母親出生於幾月幾日？ What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生於幾月？
What will you do on ...? 結構︰What will／did＋主詞＋do＋on＋時間？
說明︰此句型意為“某人在某時間將做什麼？（未來式）某人在某時做了什麼事？（過去式）”。指特定的日期（如幾月幾日）、星期幾或星期幾的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系詞on。 What will you do on Teacher’s Day? 你在教師節將做什麼事？
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他們在聖誕夜將做什麼事？
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什麼事？
What did John do on New Year’s Day? 約翰在元旦做了什麼事？
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 瑪麗在青年節做了什麼事？
What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麼事情？ How do you + V ...? 結構︰問句：How＋do＋主詞＋一般動詞„？
答句：主詞＋一般動詞„＋情狀副詞。 說明︰How 是問情況的，表示“怎樣„？”。用於說明“狀態或性質”的副詞，稱為 。當用來修飾時，位於其後；當用來修飾時，位於的前面或後面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.你怎樣做你的工作？ 我很快樂地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs.Lin look at Mr.Lin? She looked at Mr.Lin coldly. 林太太怎樣注視林先生？ 她冷漠地注視林先生。 How does Mr.Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully. 王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車？ 他小心地駕駛他的計程車。
You are ..., aren’t you?
結構︰肯定句，＋否定式助動詞＋主詞？
說明︰這是一種反意，其結構特點是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的是時，附加問句的要用代替：it 代替 this， that，(當)或(當)等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列的否定縮寫式較易弄錯：will not－>won’t；would not－> wouldn’t；should not－>shouldn’t；can not－>can’t；could not－>couldn’t； might not－>mightn’t；ought not－>oughtn’t。直述句有一般現在式，則附加問句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般過去式，則附加問句用 did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?（讀降調）他們準備好了吧？（讀升調）他們準備好了，不是嗎？
Mike has a car, doesn’t he?（讀降調）麥克有輛車，是吧？（讀升調）麥克有輛車，不是嗎？
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是祕書打了這封信，不是嗎？
They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他們將去歐洲，不是嗎？
You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老師，不是嗎？
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我們的森林裡呆過，不是嗎？
I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是嗎？
The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 牆上的插座壞了，不是嗎？
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 乾淨的公園是美麗的，不是嗎？
You can do it, can’t you? 你會做它，不是嗎？ We should rise early, shouldn’t we? 我們應該早起，不是嗎？
He isn’t ..., is he?
結構︰否定句，＋肯定式助動詞＋主詞？
說明︰這是另一種反意。否定結構在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定結構。對反意的回答和對否定式一般一樣，要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? －- Yes, he is.(No, he isn’t.) 他不是經理，是吧？－－不，他是經理。（是的，他不是經理。）
Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麥克沒有車，是嗎？ The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 祕書沒有打過這封信，是嗎？
They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他們不會去歐洲，是嗎？
You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老師，是嗎？ I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他無法回答這個問題，是嗎？ What in the world ...? 結構︰疑問詞＋in the world／on earth／ever＋其他 說明︰此句型意為“究竟„？到底„？”。這是特殊的強調說法。in the world，on earth 和 ever是強調疑問詞的。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事？
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什麼？ How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎麼知道的？ Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是誰告訴你的？
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪兒丟的呀？ What in the world are they hoping for? 他們到底想要什麼？
Are you ...or ...? 結構︰一般疑問句（讀升調）＋or＋一般疑問句（讀降調） 說明︰此句型意為“是„還是„？\"。這是選擇，前面都是一般，後面的問句如與前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。
Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us? 是我們來找你們，還是你們來找我們？
Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美國人還是英國人？
Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走還是星期二走？ Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡還是茶？ What ..., + A or B? 結構︰特殊疑問句(讀降調)，＋A（讀升調）or B（讀降調） 說明︰這種選擇使用得相當廣泛，其特點是：前面的特殊已經明確地指出了要問的內容，再補充幾項具體事物讓對方做出肯定的答覆。其語調是“降-升-降”調。
What would you like － coffee or tea? 你要什麼？咖啡還是茶？
Which would you rather to buy － silk or cotton? 您想買什麼？絲還是棉？
Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 您去了哪裡？天津還是北京？
When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day? 你何時去交易會？明天還是另找哪一天？ ...what/which ...結構︰主要子句＋疑問詞（what／how／which／why 等）＋子句 說明︰這是間接。疑問詞後面的語句採用正常詞序，不採用特殊所用的倒裝詞序。全句末尾大多用句點，但也有用問號的。直接問句改為間接問句或間接句時，原先的要改為肯定句或的順序；如 will，should，would， must，may，can 等，須照抄，不可去掉；如 do，does，did，必須去掉，再將它後面的原形改為適當的形式。
I’d like to know how old the manager is.我想知道經理有多大年紀。
He inquired how it was done.他問這事做得怎麼樣了。 Please advise me which item I should buy.請問我該先買哪個品種。
Tell me why it is so important? 告訴我為什麼此事這麼重要？
They do not know what the words mean.他們不知道這些字的意思是什麼。
Tell me what happened yesterday.告訴我昨天所發生的事。
What they talked about is what we want to know.他們談論什麼是我們所想要知道的事。
She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week. 她每晚洗頭髮，而且量量看一星期長多少。
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me. 你決不會知道你的鼓勵對我多麼有意義。 ...whether/if ...結構︰主要子句＋whether／if＋子句 說明︰此句型意為“„是否„”。口語中使用 if 較為普遍。如果子句中帶有 or not 等詞，則只能用 whether；另外，whether 不能引導否定的間接，而 if 則可以。
He asked me the question whether the price was too high.他問我價格是否太高。
They asked him whether the quality is fine or not.他們問他質量是否好。
Tell me whether you like this color.告訴我你喜不喜歡這種顏色。
Tell me if it doesn’t rain.告訴我是否下不了雨。 Ask him if it is true.問他那是不是真的。 I wonder if he is in the school.我想知道他是否在學校。
Do you know if/where ...結構︰一般疑問句＋疑問詞（what／where／when 等）＋子句 說明︰此句為雙重。疑問詞後面採用正常詞序，不用倒裝詞序。
Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告訴我老師到哪裡去了嗎？
Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪裡人，您知道不知道？
Do you know if they like this new item? 你知道他們是否喜歡這個新品種？
Do you know who wants to go with me? 你知道誰想跟我一起去嗎？
Do you know when the train will leave? 你知道火車何時開嗎？
Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告訴我你一個月賺多少嗎？ He is ..., is he? 結構︰肯定式陳述句＋肯定式反問句
說明︰這種疑問的前後一致，都是肯定式結構。後一部分進一步強調前一部分的內容，是不需要回答的一種修辭方式。 We are old friends, not strangers, right? 我們是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是嗎？
He’s a capable busineman, is he? 他是一位很有能力的業務員，可不是嗎？
So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? 原來你是來進口中國紡織品的，是麼？
So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原來你去過上海，是吧？ ...what ...? 結構︰„疑問詞（在句中任何位置上）„
說明︰疑問詞不是位於句子開頭，而是在句子中任何位置上，這種方法十分簡單，因此在口語中經常出現。
Two times what number makes ten? 什麼數的兩倍是十？ You will go where? 你要到哪裡去？
You are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十幾歲？ He’s your who? 他是你什麼人？ What/How about + N/V-ing? 結構︰What／How about＋名詞／動名詞？
說明︰此句型意為“„如何？”。這是徵求對方意見或提議的委婉說法。
What about the name Smith? 史密斯這個名字怎麼樣？ What about going to a movie? 去看場電影如何？ What about lending me some money? 借點錢給我如何？ What about washing the car on Sunday? 禮拜天洗車怎麼樣？
How about the others? 剩餘的怎麼樣？ How about a drink? 來一杯吧？
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧？ What if ...? 結構︰What if＋主詞＋動詞
說明︰此句型意為“如果„的話怎麼辦呢？”。但經常用於反語，有時也變成“即使„也沒關係”之意。 What if it is true? 如果這是真的又該如何呢？ What if he doesn’t agree? 如果他不同意該怎麼辦呢？ What if he comes back now? 如果他現在回來怎麼辦？ What if the boy’s parents should die? 如果那男孩的父母死了該怎麼辦呢？
What if I fail! 即使我失敗了又怎樣！ What ...for? 結構︰What＋助動詞＋主詞＋動詞„＋for？
說明︰此句型意為“為什麼„？”。相當於“For what„？” What are you running for? 你為什麼在跑步？ What do you want it for? 你為什麼要那個？ What did they go there for? 他們為什麼去那裡？ How else ...? 結構︰How else＋助動詞＋主詞＋助動詞？ 說明︰此句型意為“„還有別的方法嗎？”。
How else should a father in this modern world expre his affection and concern for his own son? 現代這個世界上，父親還應該有別的方法來對自己的兒子表示愛護和關心嗎？
How else can the doctor save him? 醫院還有別的方法可以救他嗎？
How else can I apologize for her? 我還能有別的方法可以向她道歉嗎？ 假設法句型
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...結構︰If＋現在式„，S＋未來式„
說明︰if 子句用現在式，表示須具備的條件，主句用未來式表示可能的結果，整句含意為“如果„，那麼„”。will 用於所有的人稱，在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主詞為 I 或 we 時，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if neceary（如果需要），if poible（如果可能），if so（如果這樣）等固定片語實際上是省略了的 if 子句。
If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad.如果我失業了，我就出國。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin.如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。
If it rains, we will stay at home.如果下雨，我們將待在家裡。
If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk.如果天晴，我們就去散步。
If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk.如果天不晴，我們就不去散步。
Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣，物價就會上漲。
If poible, She wants to go with us.可能的話，她想跟我們一起去。
Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise. 英國貨幣可能貶值，如果果真如此，利率就會上升。 If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...結構︰If + 現在式，主詞＋情態助動詞
說明︰本句型實為句型之變體。之所以用情態助動詞，主要是因為說話者對可能的結果不是太肯定或者是想表達例如必要的意思。 If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out.如果明天天氣好，我門可以出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out.如果明天天氣好，我門能夠出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out.如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out.如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out.如果明天天氣好，我門宜於出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out.如果明天天氣好，我門宜於出門。
If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out.如果明天天氣好，我門必須出門。
If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.結構︰If I＋should ...＋祈使語氣
說明︰代替，增加了條件的不確定性。本句型常用在想禮貌地提出要求或建議，或者想圓通地告訴他人該做什麼事的場合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示條件。這種用法比較正式，常用於諸如公函之中，而不用於日常會話。
If you should see him, please give him my regards.如果你見到他，請代我向他致意。
Should you see him, please give him my regards.如果你見到他，請代我向他致意。
If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.如果你萬一見到他，請代我向他致意。
Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你萬一見到他，請代我向他致意。
If you should write to her, send her my love.如果你給她寫信，請代我向她問候。 Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know. 你若不希望我們的代理人去造訪，請告之。
Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.你若對我們的報價感興趣，請與我們聯繫。 If I should ..., I will ...結構︰If„should„，„would（will）／should（shall）等＋原形動詞
說明︰這是表示與未來事實相反的假設，if 要用 should，譯成“萬一”。should可置於前，將 if 省略。的則視可能性做變化：若可能性低，則為過去式，若可能性高，則為現在式。should 可以提前，而將 if 省略。
If he should come, I would tell him the truth.萬一他來，我會把真相告訴他。
If he should come, I will tell him the truth.萬一他來，我一定會把真相告訴他。
Should the boy come again, I would throw him out.要是那男孩在來，我就把他攆出去。
If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled.萬一下雨，我們的計劃就泡湯了。 Should that be true, the contract would be canceled.假如那是真的，合約就該取消。
Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings? 萬一另一次世界大戰爆發，人類將會發生什麼事？ If I were to ..., I ...結構︰If„were to„，„would／should 等＋原形動詞 說明︰這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設，與“if ...should, ...”大致相同，但“if ...were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“與真理相反”的。 If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pa the exam. 要是太陽從西邊出來，他就會通過考試－－他不可能通過考試。
If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird.我要是再活一次，我想當一隻鳥。
If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like? 萬一太陽消失了，地球會變成什麼樣子？
Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do? 萬一明天我死了，我的孩子們將怎麼辦呢？ If I + V-ed, I would ...結構︰If„＋過去式動詞„，主詞＋過去式助動詞（would／should 等）＋原形動詞
說明︰這是與現在事實相反的假設句型。if 中的，不論為第幾人稱，一律用 were，were 可置於主詞前面，而省略 if。過去式除用 should（用於第一人稱）、would（用於第
二、三人稱）外，還可用不分人稱的 could，might 和 ought to，它們與原形結合起來構成。
If I knew his addre, I could write to him.如果我知道他的住址，我會寫信給他。
If I were free now, I might call on him.如果我有時間，我可能會去看他。
If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do? 如果你站在我的立場，你會怎麼做？
Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car.如果我有足夠的錢，我就買一輛賽車了。
How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高幾寸，我會好高興。
If I had a car, I could take her for a drive.如果我有車， 我就帶她去兜風了。
If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly.如果我有望遠鏡，我就可以清楚地看見那顆彗星。 It is time that ...結構︰It is（high）time＋（that）＋主詞＋過去式動詞 說明︰此句型意為“已經到了„的時間了”。過去式處有時亦使用“should＋原形”。that 也能用 to 來表示。
It is time he went to bed.該是他睡覺的時間了。 It is time that you left for the duty.該你當班了。 It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.該是你反省思過的時候了。
It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已經到了他該上咱家吃晚飯的時候了。
It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.該是有人教你應對進退之禮儀的時候了。 If I had V-ed, I would have ...結構︰If„had＋過去分詞„，主詞＋would／should 等＋have＋過去分詞
說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設。if 要用，則要用過去式（would，should，ought to，might，could）＋have＋過去。if 中的 had可置於前面，而省略 If。
If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth.如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。
I could have finished the task if I had had more time.如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務。
If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport. 如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會到機場送行。 I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned. 如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺死。
I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已經習慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him. 她（那時）不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。
Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned.我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。
Had I proposed to you, would you have married me? 我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應嫁給我嗎? Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction. 假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。 If I had V-ed, I would ...結構︰If„had＋過去分詞„，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞＋now／today 說明︰這是不一致時的假設，亦稱混合假設條件句。即：if 若與過去事實相反，用表示；而若與現在事實相反，則用過去式表示。此類句尾通常有表現在的，如 now，today 等。
If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now. 如果他年輕時多努力一點，現在就能過得舒服些。 If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。 Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當時肯說實話，現在就不會受罪了。
Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now. 當時他要是聽了醫生的建議，現在可能還活著。 I wish ...+ V-ed ...結構︰I wish＋（that）＋主詞＋動詞過去式／過去完成式（had＋過去分詞）„ 說明︰I wish 之後以 that 為時，該的一定要用：若用過去式，表示與現在事實相反的願望；若用，則表示與過去事實相反的願望。“I wish＋that-”的也可用“I would rather＋that-”取代。而 I hope 之後以 that 做時，該用一般。
I wish there were meadows and lambs.但願有草地與小羊。
I wish I were as tall as you.但願我像你一樣高。 I wish he could tell us.但願他能告訴我們。 I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow.但願他明天能來。
I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday.但願昨天你們沒有淋到雨。
I wish you had not told the truth.但願你沒有說實話。 I wish I had known you ten years ago.真希望十年前就已經認識你。 If only + V-ed 結構︰If only＋過去式／過去完成式
說明︰此句型意為“要是„就好了。”用過去式，表示與現在事實相反；若用，則表示與過去事實相反。 If only I had a rich father.要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。
If only he had been here.要是他當時在這兒就好了。 If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次機會就好了。
...as if/as though ...結構︰„as if／as though„現在式／過去式／過去完成式 說明︰此句型意為“彷彿„；好像„一樣”。as if，as though 是，引導。中，可用現在式，以表示事實；也可用過去式或，分別表示與現在或過去事實相反的。
He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話，似乎不想參加會議。
He walks as if he is drunk.他走起路來好像他真的醉了。
He felt as if he almost wished to kill them.他感覺彷彿幾乎要殺掉他們。
The baby opened the book as if he were able to read.這個嬰兒打開書本彷彿他會念書。
The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.這護士照顧這位病人彷彿在照顧她爸爸似的。
He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible. 他跑進屋子，彷彿他看到什麼可怕的東西。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她當時看起來好像什麼事都沒發生似的。 It seems/looks as if ...結構︰It seems／looks as if„
說明︰此句型意為“似乎„”。本句型中的 as if 可用以表示事實，或。
It looks as if it is going to rain.好像要下雨了。 It seems as if he knows everything.他似乎是個萬事通。
It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。
It looks as if she had just come back from outer space. 她看起來彷彿剛從外太空回來似的。
It seemed as if he had finished the work.他似乎已經完成了這個工作。
It seemed as if he would never finish the work.他似乎永遠完成不了這個工作。 If it were not for ...結構︰if it were not for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞„
說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）„”。此類句構專門用於表示與現在事實相反的。亦可用“but for＋”或“without＋”代替。were 可以提前，省略 if，如例句3。
If it were not for his presence, I would punish you.要不是他在場，我會處罰你的。
But for your advice, I should have failed.要不是你的忠告，我會失敗的。
But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull.要不是音樂，人生會很無聊。
If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 大氣中如果沒有氧和氮，人就無法生存於地球了。 Without air, all living things would die.若非空氣，所有的生物都會死亡。
Without newspaper, we would get behind the times.要不是報紙，我們都趕不上時代了。
I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers.我會寂寞，若非有鳥也有花。
Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的幫助，我就不能完成這件工作。 Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live. 若非科學，我們無法過著舒適的生活。 If it had not been for ...結構︰if it had not been for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞„
說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）„”。此類句構專門用於表示與過去事實相反的。
If it had not been for his help, I should have failed.如果沒有他的幫忙，我應該已經失敗。
Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy.若非你及時伸出援助之手，本公司將會瀕臨破產的邊緣。
If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impoible.要不是這些實驗，這部機器也許就不可能改良了。
Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的嚮導，我可能就在山中迷路了。 If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在場，我當時就會處罰你。 I demand/insist that ...結構︰主詞1＋意志動詞（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主詞2＋（should）＋原形動詞
說明︰意志有四類：建議（suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），規定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其後接 that-時，該裡的要用原形或“should＋”。美式英語通常省略 should。
The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned.委員提議休會。
His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten.他的父母要求他十點以前回家。
The employees demand that their salaries be raised.員工們要求加薪。
They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed.他們規定不應加重法律。
His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English. 他的父親規定他要用英文寫日記。
My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我媽媽鼓勵我，而且堅持我應該繼續我的教育。 He insisted that I (should) apologize to her.他堅持我應該向她道歉。
Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive. 最近，許多州堅持中學應該教學生如何開車。
His father insisted that they (should) move to the country.他爸爸堅持他們應該搬到鄉下。 It is proper ...that ...結構︰It is＋意志形容詞（important 等）＋（that）＋主詞＋（should）＋原形動詞
說明︰意志包括 important，neceary，imperative，eential，urgent，desirable， advisable，recommendable，proper 等。that-中只能用 should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。
It is neceary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些資料供我參考。
It is eential that he get up early.他有必要早起。 It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送給災民。 It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas. 在聖誕節施捨窮人是可喜的事。
It is important that he be quiet.他該保持安靜是有必要的。
It is important that he not do it.他不該做那事是有必要的。
It is requested that all members be present at the party.全體會員都被要求出席這次晚會。
It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely.這麼壞的人受重罰是應該的。
Imperative Sentence + Conj.+ Main Clause 結構︰祈使句＋連接詞＋主句
說明︰表示須具備的條件，主句表示可能的結果。代替 if 子句進行評說，提出要求，訂立協議，提供建議或威脅等。的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。 Provide the materials and we’ll do the job.提供材料，我們就做這活。
Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors.不要喊了，否則你會把鄰居吵醒的。
Put that down or else I’ll smack you.把它放下，不然我就揍你。 Be there on time, otherwise you’ll create a bad impreion.要準時來，否則你會給人一個壞的印象。
Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity.你（如果）不付款，他們就要斷電。
Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner.你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃飯。 Unle ...結構︰Unle＋子句，主要子句
說明︰此句型意為“除非„”。unle 引導一個否定假設句，相當於 if ...not ...，有時可以互換使用。總體上看，unle 的語氣強於 if ...not ...，而且有時較為常用，例如在最後通牒中。
Unle you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you.
除非你改變你的想法，否則我不能幫助你。
Unle the management improves their offer, there’ll be a strike. 除非資方做出進一步的建議，否則將舉行罷工。 I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time － unle I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及時趕到會場，除非我趕上了較找的一班火車。 Provided/Providing (that) ....結構︰Provided／provided（that）＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果„”。Provided/Providing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當於 if。
Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。 As/So long as ...結構︰As/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果„，只要„”。As/So long as引導一個條件假設句，其功能相當於 if。
So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。 As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe.如果你開車小心，你就會很安全。
You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat too much. 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何東西。
As long as live, I will help you.只要我活著，我都會幫助你。
As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出賣我，要我做什麼我都願意。
We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船，我們就盡早裝貨。
You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你們成天游手好閒，就永遠也成不了好學生。 Suppose/Supposing (that) ...結構︰Suppose/Supposing （that）＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果„，假使„”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當於 if。
Suppose/Supposing (that) we mi the train, what shall we do? 如果我們誤了火車，我們將怎麼辦？ What if/Say ...結構︰What if/Say＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“假設„”。What if 和 Say 用來引導一個假設條件句，其義相當於 Let us suppose（讓我們假設）。 What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then? 假設他在我們之前趕到家而又進不去呢？那他怎麼辦呢？ What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do? 假設你的錢用完了呢？你將怎麼辦呢？ With luck ...結構︰With luck，＋主要子句
說明︰With luck 為含蓄假設條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。with luck 意為“如果幸運的話，如果運氣好的話”。 With luck, we’ll be there by tomorrow.幸運的話，我們明天將到達那兒。（=If we are lucky）
With luck, she will get the job.如果幸運的話，她將得到那份工作。（=If she is lucky） Given time ...結構︰Given time，＋主要子句
說明︰此為含蓄假設條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。Given time 意為“（如果）給以時間的話”。
Given time, they will probably agree.給以時間的話，他們可能會同意。（=If they are given time/If we give them time） To hear him talk, ...結構︰To hear him talk，＋主要子句
說明︰此句型意為“聽某人談話（的口氣）„”。從形式上看，To hear him talk 似為不定式片語，但實則為含蓄條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。To hear him talk 相當於 If you could hear him talk。
To hear him talk, you’d think he was Prime Minister.聽他談話（那口氣），你會以為他是首相呢。
To hear you talk, I’d think you were Prime Minister.聽你談話（那口氣），我還以為你是首相呢。 Without ..., S + V ...結構︰Without „，＋主要子句
說明︰此句型意為“如果沒有„”，是導致主要子句結果發生的必要條件。Without ...為含蓄假設條件句，此用法在口語表達中最為常見。without 意為“（如果）沒有„的話”。Without 既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，放在句首有強調作用。此外，如果主要子句用否定式，則和 without 構成雙重否定，表示特別強調 without 之後項為主要子句動作發生之必備條件。
Without your help, I couldn’t have done it.
（如果）沒有你的幫助，我是不會做成的。（=If you hadn’t helped me）
She can’t solve the problem without his help.如果）沒有他的幫助，她不可能解決這道題。
We can’t live without air or water.（如果）沒有空氣或水，我們就無法生存。
Fish cannot live without water.（如果）沒有水，魚兒就無法生存。 比較句型
as/so ...as ...結構︰as／so＋形容詞或副詞原級＋as„
說明︰此句型意為“„和„一樣„”。比較兩件東西，並表示它們的程度一樣。第一個 as 為，第二個 as 則為，引導，修飾第一個 as。在 as„as 中可插入單數，即：“as＋＋a／an＋＋as”。若是複數，可用“as many／few＋複數 ＋as”；若是，則用“as much／little＋＋as”。“as＋原級（形、副）＋as＋原級（形、副）”這形式表示有關同一人（物）的兩種不同的性質、狀態是一樣程度的，譯作“既有„且還有„”。
He is as handsome as his brother (is).他和他哥哥一樣英俊。
Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does.朱迪像莎拉一樣時常去看電影。
Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does.老約翰像嬰兒一樣容易入睡。
The girls are as busy with their work as bees.這些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一樣忙著工作。
He is as nice a boy as Peter (is).他和彼得一樣都是好男孩。 She has as many friends as Mary (does).她和瑪麗一樣有許多朋友。
He has as much money as John (does).他和約翰一樣有很多錢。
He is as clever as (he is) handsome.他不但英俊而且聰明。
My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent.我的老師不但善良而且聰慧。 as many/much ...結構︰as many／much＋名詞„
說明︰此句型意為“同數（量）的„；一樣多”。本旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的相同數字，以避免該數字的重複。 He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten) pages. 他疲倦得十頁中犯了十個錯誤。
Mike read five books in as many (=in five) months.麥克在五個月內看了五本書。
I didn’t expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days. 沒想到（老實的）他居然在三天內犯了三次搶劫罪。 as many/much as ...結構︰as many／much as＋數字＋複數名詞／不可數名詞 說明︰此句型意為“多達„”。不要與“as many／much＋”（同數量的„）混淆。同理，此類還有：as long as＋數字＋（長達„），as wide as＋數字＋（寬達„）， as high as＋數字＋（高達„），as early as＋數字＋（早在„），as late as＋數字＋（遲在„）等。 She has as many as seven sisters.她的姊妹有七人之多。
As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash.這次空難中多達一百人喪生。
I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen.我給了這乞丐整整一千元。
Building costs ran up to as much as NT$ 20 million.建築費用漲到高達新台幣兩千萬。
I have been learning English (for) as long as 15 years.我學英文已有十五年之久。
He came home as late as two in the morning.他遲至清晨兩點才回家。
I saw your brother as late as last week.上個禮拜我還看到你哥哥。
The river is as wide as 100 meters.這條河寬達一百公尺。
I mailed the letter as early as Friday.我早在星期五就把信寄了。
A is as much + N + as B is 結構︰主詞＋be＋as＋much＋名詞＋as＋（be）＋主詞 說明︰此句型意為“„和„同樣„”。“as much＋＋as＋（be）＋”的 be 通常省略或放句末。
Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as (are) the other planets. 彗星和其他的行星同樣是太陽家族的成員。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什麼都不吃同樣是壞事。
He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom.他和湯姆同樣是管絃樂隊的成員。 not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N 結構︰not as／so＋形容詞／副詞＋as＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為“不像„那樣„”。as„as 可用於肯定句或，而 so„as 僅可用於構中。
It is not as (so) popular as other foods.它不像其他食物那樣受歡迎。
He does not study as (so) hard as John.他不像約翰那樣用功。
I am not as (so) careful as Tom.我不像湯姆那樣細心。 as far as ...結構︰as far as＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為“到„之遠；到„的程度”。而“as far as＋＋”則表示“只要„，在„範圍內的話„”。 Swallows from England go as far as South Africa.英國來的燕子飛到南非那樣遠的地方。
We walked as far as the railroad station.我們走到火車站那樣遠的地方。
We drove as far south as Kaohsiung.我們往南開車一直到高雄。
He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England.他遠至橫濱去迎接由英國來的朋友。
I swam as far as I could.我盡可能地游遠。 ...just as ...as ...結構︰主詞＋動詞＋just as＋形容詞／副詞＋as＋（代）名詞／動名詞
說明︰此句型意為“„就像„一樣„”。第一個 as 是“同樣的；一樣的”，第二個 as 是“像”之意。若之後不是 be ，則 as 之後不用，而要用。
Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver. 做一個好的行人就像做一個好的司機一樣重要。 Writing is just as important as reading.寫作就像閱
