一、引言
21世纪是一个以计算机应用为核心的信息化社会，地理教学必然要与计算机技术进行整合运用，为此，我们应该大力推进多媒体技术在教学过程中的应用，充分发挥多媒体信息技术的优势，为学生的学习和发展提供丰富多彩的教育环境和更为有效的学习工具。
二、多媒体与地理教学结合的必要性
1.能够直观展现教学内容，培养学生的空间想象力和抽象思维能力。多媒体教学通过全面展现教学内容，使得学生能够从形象的感性材料出发，逐步深化，螺旋上升，提高学生的空间想象能力和对抽象事物的认识了解掌握能力。
2.易于借助多媒体的地图、地理教学视频及音频等拓宽地理教学的宽度。“地图是地理的第二语言”，它可以形象直观地表达出地理分布及其复杂的空间关系。纸质地图不易储存，无法根据需要缩小或放大比例且成本高;电子地图携带和使用方便，且容量大，不易变坏，易于保存。教学中运用音乐和视频，方便展示各种自然地理现象的形成过程，把学生带入新奇的世界，使他们身临其境，受到美的熏陶。
三、多媒体教学的教学设计
1.课堂教学内容设计。根据课程内容和特点的不同，选择合适的教学媒体，将传统的教学媒体与现代的教学媒体有机结合起来进行地理教学，使教学过程产生较好的效果。具体的做法有：（1）教科书及其他书本中的文字内容可采用黑板概括大纲，书本中简单的线条图表直接通过课本阅读掌握;（2）需要拓展的知识点和材料及某些地理事物和现象的形成过程可使用形象生动的视频录像;（3）对于重点、难点问题或者抽象的、不易表达清楚的问题可使用多媒体课件辅助教学;（4）巩固练习所需要展现的图文材料及解题中的读图过程可使用多媒体展示。
2.课堂教学结构的设计。多媒体课堂教学模式基本上是一种以学生为主体、教师引导学生学习的教学活动。因此，教师的教学设计、教学水平、语言引导等能力对教学效果常常有较大影响。在具体应用中，我们要对如下问题进行研究：（1）在多媒体教学的环境下，教师通过创建各种课堂活动来吸引学生的学习兴趣，充分体现学生的主体作用，引导学生自主学习;（2） 将多媒体和传统的教学方式结合起来，发挥各自的优点，突出重点，突破难点，让学生的学习更为轻松易懂; （3）通过乡土地理的学习，让学生学会寻找身边素材，加强学生之间的合作，增强师生之间的联系，培养学生的合作意识。
四、多媒体地理教学过程探讨
1.创设学习情境。新课标强调注重学生自主学习能力的培养，通过利用各种技术搜集信息资源创设学习环境来支持学生的学习，大大推动了教学从以“教”为中心向以“学”为中心的转变。例如，交通运输方式和布局变化对聚落空间形态的影响，时间和空间跨度都非常大，学生的阅历不足，传统的教学手段难以创设情境。我在教学“淮北交通运输方式和布局变化的影响”时是这样做的：先搜集淮北古代柳孜隋唐大运河的材料视频和古代柳孜的聚落空间形态，再通过学生的实地考察获取现在柳孜的交通方式和聚落的形态。将两组材料通过多媒体展示出来，创设问题情境：（1）柳孜古代和现当代的主要交通方式是什么？（2）古代和当代的聚落空间形态有何不同？（3）总结交通方式和布局变化对淮北特别是柳孜的影响。通过让学生自主讨论得出结论，从而理解这一抽象内容的影响。利用家乡的材料进行教学，一方面极大地提高了学生的学习兴趣，使得学生更加热爱自己的家乡，学以致用，另一方面能够借机注重培养学生获取知识的能力。
2.突出重点，突破难点。在地理学习过程中，我们经常会遇到一些复杂抽象的问题。运用多媒体技术，我们可以为学生更加直观地展示各种地理现象，便于对每一类问题进行分析研究。如 “昼夜长短的季节变化”是学生较难理解掌握的知识，利用现代教育技术，通过制作透明的“框架地球”，动画模拟夜半球随太阳直射点移动而发生变化，把整个形成过程全面地展现在学生面前。学生通过对虚拟现实的观察、归纳和猜想，再去发现结论，最终完成知识的建构。
3.利用多媒体进行巩固学习并能及时反馈积极评价。传统的黑板练习难以发现学生的优秀做法或存在的问题，而利用多媒体教学，这类问题就可以得到很好地解决。例如，在进行高中地理《交通运输方式和布局变化的影响》教学时，让学生合作探究完成火车站周边的商业网点的分布图。在学生展示成果时就可以利用多媒体将学生成果直接投影，让学生对此评价并阐述理由。这样有利于帮助学生自己纠错，并通过对比让学生直观了解解决问题的方法，指出典型的问题和错误，也使得每位学生都能够参与其中，增强学生的学习积极性。
总之，在多媒体教学中，教师一定要以提高教学质量为目的，根据所教学生的学习状况综合考虑，创建适合本班学生学习的教学设计，最大限度地使得多媒体技术与地理教学相结合，达到提高教学质量的目的。
One, the introduction The 21st century is a computer application as the core of the information society, geography teaching and application of computer technology to integrate, therefore, we should vigorously promote the application of multimedia technology in teaching proce, give full play to the advantages of multimedia information technology, for the students\' learning and development to provide rich and colorful education environment and a more effective learning tool.Second, the neceity of the multimedia combined with geography teaching 1.Can intuitively show the teaching content, cultivate the students\' ability of space imagination and abstract thinking.Multimedia teaching through fully displaying the teaching content, enables the student to starting from the image of the perceptual materials, gradually deepened, spiral, improve the students\' space imagination ability and the understanding of abstract things understanding ability.2.Easy to use multimedia map, geography teaching video and audio to broaden the width of the geography teaching.\"The map is the second language\" of geography, it can image intuitively exprees the geographical distribution and complex spatial relationships.Paper maps is not easy to store, not according to the need to reduce or enlarge scale and high cost; Electronic maps to carry and easy to use, and large capacity, not easy to go bad, easy to save.In teaching music and video, is convenient to show the formation proce of various natural geographical phenomena, put students into the world of the novel, them, as it were, by beauty.Third, the teaching design of multimedia teaching 1.The design of claroom teaching content.According to the course content and the characteristics of the different, choose the appropriate teaching media, the traditional teaching media with modern geography teaching on the basis of the organic combination of teaching media, make the www.daodoc.com www.daodoc.com teaching proce produces good results.Specific practices are: (1) written content of textbooks and other books can adopt the board outline, simple line chart directly through the books in the reading books to master; (2) the need to expand the knowledge and the formation proce of materials and some geographic things and phenomena can use vivid video video; (3) the key and difficult problems or abstract, difficult to expre clearly the problem can use of multimedia courseware aisted instruction; (4) strengthen practice need to show the graphic material and problem solving in the proce of reading can use multimedia display.2.The design of claroom teaching structure.Multimedia claroom teaching model is basically a kind of take the student as the main body, teachers guide students to learn the teaching activities.Therefore, teachers\' teaching design and teaching level, language ability has a great influence on the teaching effect is often.In the specific application, we need to study of the following questions: (1) under the environment of multimedia teaching, the teacher by creating all kinds of cla activities to attract students\' interest in learning, reflect the students\' main body role fully, guides the student to autonomous learning; (2) combining multimedia and traditional teaching way, play their respective advantages, highlight key, break through the difficulty, let students learn more easy to understand; (3) through the study of local geography, let students learn around looking for material, strengthen the cooperation between students, enhance the connection between the teachers and students, cultivating students\' consciousne of cooperation.Four, multimedia geography teaching proce 1.Create a learning situation.Curriculum emphasizes pay attention to the cultivation of students\' autonomous learning ability, through the use of various techniques to collect information resources create a learning environment to support student learning, greatly promoted the teaching from \"teaching\" as the center to the transition of the \"learning\" as the center.Transportation way and the layout changes, for example, the impact on the settlement space form, space and time span is very big, students\' lack of experience, the traditional teaching method is difficult to create situation.I am teaching \"huaibei transportation way and the influence of layout changes\" when did this: first to collect ancient huaibei LiuZi sui and tang dynasties grand canal material video and ancient LiuZi settlement space form, again through the student field trips to obtain now LiuZi transportation and settlement of the form.Two groups of materials through the multimedia display, creating problem situation: (1) LiuZi ancient and modern and contemporary what is the main mode of transport? (2) of the ancient and contemporary www.daodoc.com www.daodoc.com differ settlement space form? (3) summarize and transportation layout changes in huaibei especially LiuZi influence.Through lets the student independent discuion come to the conclusion that to understand this abstract content.Home use teaching material, on the one hand, greatly improved the students\' interest in learning, make students more love their home, to practice, on the other hand can pay attention to cultivate students ability to acquire knowledge.2.To the point, the breakthrough difficulty.In geography learning proce, we often encounter some complex abstract problems.Using the multimedia technology, we can more intuitive for the students to display a variety of geographical phenomenon, facilitate analysis to each kind of problem.Such as day length of seasonal change is, it is difficult for students to grasp knowledge by using modern education technology, through the production of transparent \"framework\", animated simulation night with direct sunlight point move and change, the whole forming proce fully displayed in front of students.Students based on virtual reality to observe, conclude and conjecture, again to find the conclusion, finally completed the construction of knowledge.3.The use of multimedia to reinforce learning and timely feedback positive comments.Traditional blackboard practice is hard to find good practices of students or problems, and the use of multimedia teaching, this kind of problem can be well resolved.In high school geography, for example, the transportation way and the influence of layout changes teaching, lets the student cooperation explore distribution of commercial outlets around the train station.When students display results can direct projection, using multimedia to student achievement let the student to evaluation and expounds reasons.This is conducive to help the student error correction, and let students understand the methods to solve the problem by comparison, points out the typical problems and errors, make every student involved, enhance the students\' learning enthusiasm.In short, in the multimedia teaching, the teacher must be in order to improve the teaching quality for the purpose, based on the teaching students learning situation into account, create suitable for students learning of cla teaching design, maximum limit makes multimedia technology combined with geography teaching, achieve the purpose of improving teaching quality.
