先进制造技术的内涵及特点
姓名：xxx 学号：xxxxxxxxx 班级：xxxxxxxxxxxx 随着社会需求个性化、多样化的发展，生产规模沿小批量－－大批量－－多品种变批量的方向发展，以及以计算机为化表的高技术和现代化管理技术的引入、渗透与融化，不断地改变着传统制造技术的面貌和内涵，从而形成了先进制造技术。
1．先进制造技术的内涵
目前对先进制造技术尚没有一个明确的、一致公认的定义，经过近年来对发展先进制造技术方面开展的工作，通过对其特征的分析研究，可以认为：先进制造技术是制造业不断吸收信息技术和现代管理技术的成果，并将其综合应用于产品设计、加工、检测、管理、销售、使用、服务乃至回收的制造全过程，以实现优质、高效、低耗、清洁、灵活生产，提高对动态多变的市场的适应能力和竞争能力的制造技术的总称。
2．先进制造技术的特点
（1）先进制造技术的实用性
先进制造技术最重要的特点在于，它首先是一项面向工业应用，具有很强实用性的新技术。从先进制造技术的发展过程，从其应用于制造全过程的范围，特别是达到的目标与效果，无不反映这是一项应用于制造业，对制造业、对国民经济的发展可以起重大作用的实用技术。先进制造技术的发展往往是针对某一具体的制造业（如汽车制造、电子工业）的需求而发展起来的先进、适用的制造技术，有明确的需求导向的特征；先进制造技术不是以追求技术的高新为目的，而是注重产生最好的实践效果，以提高效益为中心，以提高企业的竞争力和促进国家经济增长和综合实力为目标。 （2）先进制造技术应用的广泛性
先进制造技术相对传统制造技术在应用范围上的一个很大不同点在于，传统制造技术通常只是指各种将原材料变成成品的加工工艺，而先进制造技术虽然仍大量应用于加工和装配过程，但由于其组成中包括了设计技术、自动化技术、系统管理技术，因而则将其综合应用于制造的全过程，覆盖了产品设计、生产准备、加工与装配、销售使用、维修服务甚至回收再生的整个过程。
（3）先进制造技术的动态特征
由于先进制造技术本身是在针对一定的应用目标，不断地吸收各种高新技术逐渐形成、不断发展的新技术，因而其内涵不是绝对的和一成不变的。反映在不同的时期，先进制造技术有其自身的特点；也反映在不同的国家和地区，先进制造技术有其本身重点发展的目标和内容，通过重点内容的发展以实现这个国家和地区制造技术的跨越式发展。 （4）先进制造技术的集成性
传统制造技术的学科、专业单一独立，相互间的界限分明；先进制造技术由于专业和学科间的不断渗透、交叉、融合，界线逐渐淡化甚至消失，技术趋于系统化、集成化、已发展成为集机械、电子、信息、材料和管理技术为一体的新型交叉学科。因此可以称其为“制造工程”。 （5）先进制造技术的系统性
传统制造技术一般只能驾驭生产过程中的物质流和能量流。随着微电子、信息技术的引入，使先进制造技术还能驾驭信息生成、采集、传递、反馈、调整的信息流动过程。先进制造技术是可以驾驭生产过程的物质流、能量流和信息流的系统工程。
一项先进制造技术的产生往往要系统地考虑到制造的全过程，如并行工程就是集成地、并行地设计产品及其零部件和相关各种过程的一种系统方法。这种方法要求产品开发人员与其他人员一起共同工作，在设计的开始就考虑产品整个生命周期中从概念形成到产品报废处理等所有因素，包括质量、成本、进度计划和用户要求等。一种先进的制造模式除了考虑产品的设计、制造全过程外，还需要更好地考虑到整个的制造组织。
（6）先进制造技术强调的是实现优质、高效、低耗、清洁、灵活的生产
先进制造技术的核心是优质、高效、低耗、清洁等基础制造技术，它是从传统的制造工艺发展起来的，并与新技术实现了局部或系统集成，其重要的特征是实现优质、高效、低耗、清洁、灵活的生产。这意味着先进制造技术除了通常追求的优质、高效外，还要针对21世纪人类面临的有限资源与日益增长的环保压力的挑战，实现可持续发展，要求实现低耗、清洁。此外，先进制造技术也必须面临人类在21世纪消费观念变革的挑战，满足对日益“挑剔”的市场的需求，实现灵活生产。
（7）先进制造技术最终的目标是要提高对动态多变的产品市场的适应能力和竞争能力 为确保生产和经济效益持续稳步的提高，能对市场变化做出更灵捷的反应，以及对最佳技术效益的追求，提高企业的竞争能力，先进制造技术比传统的制造技术更加重视技术与管理的结合，更加重视制造过程组织和管理体制的简化以及合理化，从而产生了一系列先进的制造模式。随着世界自由贸易体制的进一步完善，以及全球交通运输体系和通信网络的建立，制造业将形成全球化与一体化的格局，新的先进制造技术也必将是全球化的模式。
Advanced Manufacturing Technology
With the needs of the community personalized, diversified development, production scale along the low-volumemore varieties of varying quantities of direction, as well as computer-based form of hi-tech and the introduction of modern management techniques, penetration and melting constantly changing the face of traditional manufacturing technology and content, creating advanced
manufacturing technology.
1.The connotation of advanced manufacturing technology
Of advanced manufacturing technology currently not yet a clear and agreed definition, through the development of advanced manufacturing technology in recent years, the work carried out through analysis of their characteristics can be considered: advanced manufacturing technology is constantly absorbing information technology industry and the results of modern management techniques and to apply its comprehensive product design, proceing, testing, management, sales, use, service and the recovery of the whole proce of manufacture in order to achieve high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption, clean, flexible production, increase dynamic changing market adaptability and competitivene of the manufacturing technology of the general.
2.The characteristics of advanced manufacturing technology (1) The availability of advanced manufacturing technology
Advanced manufacturing technology the most important features is that it is above all a for industrial applications, has a strong practical new technologies.From advanced manufacturing technology development proce used in manufacturing from the scope of the whole proce, in particular, is to achieve the objectives and results, all reflect this is a used in manufacturing, the manufacturing industry, the development of the national economy can play an important role in practical technology.The development of advanced manufacturing technology is often targeted to a specific industry (such as automotive manufacturing, electronics industry) and developed with the needs of advanced manufacturing technology application, there is a clear demand-oriented features; advanced manufacturing technology is not in pursuit of technical The high-tech for the purpose, but rather focused on the generation effect of best practices to improve efficiency, to improve the competitivene of enterprises and the promotion of national economic growth and overall strength as the goal. (2) The widespread application of advanced manufacturing technology, Advanced manufacturing technology is relatively conventional manufacturing techniques in the application scope of a major difference is that traditional manufacturing techniques are usually only refers to a variety of raw materials into finished products proceing technology, and advanced manufacturing technology, although still a large number of application proceing and aembly procees, However, because of its composition including the design technology, automation technology, systems management technology, which will be applied to its consolidated the whole proce of manufacturing, covering product design, production preparation, proceing and aembly, sale use, maintenance services and even the recycling of the the whole proce.
(3) The dynamic characteristics of advanced manufacturing technology As advanced manufacturing technology itself is the target for a certain application, absorbing a variety of high-tech gradually formed, the continuous development of new technologies, and therefore its meaning is not absolute and immutable.Is reflected in the different periods, advanced manufacturing technology has its own characteristics; also reflected in the different countries and regions, advanced manufacturing technology has its own focus on the development objectives and content, by focusing on the development of content in order to achieve the national and regional manufacturing technology by leaps and bounds. (4) the integration of advanced manufacturing technology
Traditional manufacturing technology, profeional single independent and distinct boundaries between them; advanced manufacturing technology, profeional and interdisciplinary due to the continuous infiltration, cro, integration, boundaries gradually fade or even disappear, technology tends to systematic, integrated, has developed into a set of machinery, electronics, information, materials and management techniques for the integration of a new cro-disciplinary.So you can
call it a \"manufacturing engineering.\"
(5) advanced manufacturing technology, the systemic
Traditional manufacturing techniques generally only control the production proce of material flow and energy flow.With the micro-electronics, information technology, the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology so that information can also control generation, collection, transmiion, feedback, adjust the flow of information.Advanced manufacturing technology is capable of taming the production proce of material flow, energy flow and information flow system engineering. An advanced manufacturing technology, often generated systematically, taking into account the entire manufacturing procees, such as concurrent engineering is the integration, the concurrent design of products and their components and related procees in a systematic way.This approach requires product development staff and other personnel all work together, beginning on the considerations in the design of products throughout their life cycle, from conception to product scrap and all other factors, including quality, cost, schedule and user requirements.An advanced manufacturing mode in addition to considering product design, manufacturing, the entire proce, but also the need to better take into account the entire manufacturing
organization.
(6) advanced manufacturing technology, to emphasize that to achieve high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption, clean, flexible manufacturing
Of advanced manufacturing technology is the core of high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption, cleaning and other basic manufacturing technology, it is from the traditional manufacturing proce developed, and with the new technology to achieve the local or system integration, and its important features is to achieve high-quality, high efficiency , low consumption, clean, flexible production.This means that the pursuit of advanced manufacturing technology addition to the usual high-quality, high efficiency, but also for the 21st century, humanity faces the limited resources and the growing challenges of environmental preure and achieve sustainable development requires us to achieve low energy consumption, clean.In addition, advanced manufacturing technology will have to face humanity in the 21st century the challenge of change in consumer attitudes to meet the increasingly \"critical\" market
demand, to achieve flexible production.
(7) advanced manufacturing technology, the ultimate aim is to enhance the dynamic changing market adaptability and competitivene of
In order to ensure continued and steady production and cost-effective improvement of market changes can make more agile response, as well as the pursuit of the best technical efficiency and improve the competitivene of enterprises, advanced manufacturing technology, manufacturing technology is more than the traditional emphasis on technology and The combination of management, more emphasis on manufacturing proce organization and management system to simplify and rationalize, resulting in a series of advanced manufacturing model.As the world free trade system to further improve, and the global transportation system and communication networks, the establishment of the manufacturing sector will form a pattern of globalization and integration of new advanced manufacturing technology
will also globalization model.
