附录一：中文译文（Chinese Translation）:
中美价值观对比
郭阳著，XX 译 转引
我们知道，世界上每个国家都有自己的法律规章来确保社会的正常运行，而生活在社会制度中的人们也受这些条规的制约。然而法律规章并不是社会体系形成的唯一因素，价值观也同样推进社会体系的完善。虽然有的价值观是我们普遍认同的，如勤劳工作，诚实，忠诚等，但由于人们成长的环境不同，每个国家都形成了不同于其他国家的独有价值观，如中国和美国。他们都称颂善良，诚实，勤劳等，然而他们也有很多不同点。 首先，个人主义
美国人都比较独立。美国的父母很少强迫自己的孩子去做什么，而更偏向于让他们自行发展。反之，这种教育态度在中国看来是很不服责任的。而且美国的孩子会选择与父母分开住，而在中国则通常与父母甚至加上祖父祖母一起住在一个大家庭。 其二，个人隐私权
美国人通常都很尊重他人隐私权。即使是朋友之间也很少问一些“私人问题”，如年龄，工资，婚姻状况等。当中国人在一起聊天时，通常会谈及到对方的个人信息，这在美国人看来是很不礼貌的。 其三，不注重形式
美国人不仅在穿着和休闲是都很随意，即便是在与长者或是身份高贵的人在一起交谈时也不拘礼数的。反之，中国人却很注重礼节。我们宣扬互相尊重，尊老爱幼。如果我们对父母或是老师直呼其名而不是其敬称时，便是不礼貌没大没小的。
其四，喜欢展望未来
由于中国有光辉且令人羡慕的历史，中国的领导人在大会上都会滔滔不绝地讲述这过去几年来取得的成就。而这在美国是极少见的，他们喜欢展望未来。在美国，人们不会满足与他们现有的所得，而是继续向前奋斗。无论未来如何，他们都会欣然面对。
既然中美有这些不同的价值观，我们需了解它们的优缺点。取其精华，去其
- 2425262728附录二：英文原文（English Original）：
By XXX,, excerpted from:
Comparison between Chinese Value and American Value As we know, every country in the world has its disciplines and laws to guarantee that its social system will function well, and we human beings also have to live under the restraint of these rules.While disciplines and laws cannot be the only element of a social system, it’s the value which promotes the establishment of the system.Even though we share some general values such as hardworking, honest and loyalty, due to the different environment we live in, each country will have its featured values that are different from any other country.Take Chinese value and American value for example.Both of the two countries appreciate kindne, honest, diligence and some other nice value, however, they have many different values.First, individualism
Americans are very independent, for instance, parents in American family seldom interpose what their children are doing, they prefer to let their children develop themselves freely; on the contrary, this kind of attitude would be regarded as irresponsible in Chinese society.Besides, American children choose to live alone without their parents, while we Chinese usually enjoy living with parents or even grandparents in a big family.Second, privacy Americans usually respect other people’s privacy, even between friends they seldom ask “personal questions”, such as age, salary and marital status.Yet when we Chinese have a chat, we usually want to have the idea about others’ personal information, which is considered impolite in America.Third, informality Americans are more go-as-you-easy not only in dre or entertainment, but also in interpersonal communication, despite there maybe a sharp gab between the two persons on their age or status.Neverthele, we Chinese have been thought much about etiquette, we appreciate those who show courtesy in interaction, we are taught
- 30meant that accepting diversity was the only practical choice.However, many Americans came to see strength in their country\'s diversity and there is more recognition of the value of cultural diversities than at any other time in the history.The Declaration of Independence reflect American beliefs, \"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happine.\"
The core American aumptions and values organized into form of activity, form of social relations, perception of the world, perception of self and the individual, etc.Aumptions and values discued in this part are the dominant values commonly aociated with the American middle cla.
1) Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance
The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs.The most important thing to understand about Americans is probably their devotion to \"individualism\".They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies.
The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies.They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches.To a great extent, they succeeded.In 1776 the British colonial settlers declared their independence from England and established a new nation, the United States of America.In doing so, they overthrew the original control and declared that the power to govern would lie in the hands of the people.In 1789, when they wrote the Constitution for their new nation, they separated Church and the state so that there would never be a government-supported church.This greatly limited the power of the church.Also, in writing the Constitution they exprely forbade titles of nobility to ensure that an aristocratic society would not develop.There would be no ruling cla of noblemen in the new nation.The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character.By limiting the power
- 32people must resent being in situations where, they are not free to make up their own minds.They resume that after living for a time in the United States people will come to feel liberated from constraints arising outside themselves and will be grateful for the opportunity to do their own thing and have their own way.It is this concept of themselves as individual decision makers that blinds at least some Americans to the fact that they share a culture with each other.They have the idea that they have independently made up their own minds about the values and aumption they hold.Americans consider the ideal person to be an individualistic, self-reliant, independent person.Americans admire people who have overcome adverse circumstances and succeeded in life.The blind and deaf author and lecturer Helen Keller is an example.
The individual that Americans idealize prefers an atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other external force of agency dictates what the individual does.For Americans, the idea of individual freedom has strong, positive connotations.Foreigners who understand the degree to which Americans are imbued with the notion that the free, serf-reliant individual is the ideal kind of human being will be able to understand many aspects of American behavior and thinking.
It is not unusual for Americans who are beyond the age of about twenty and who are still living with their parents to pay their parents for room and board.Elderly parents living with their grown children may do likewise.Paying for room and board is a way of showing independence, self-reliance, and responsibility for oneself.By being dependent, not only do they risk losing freedom, but they also risk losing the respect of their peers.Even if they are not truly serf-reliant, most Americans believe they must at least appear to be so.In order to be in the mainstream of American life, individuals must be seen as serf-reliant.Although receiving financial support from charity, family, or the government is allowed, it is never admired.Many people believe that such individuals are setting a bad example that may weaken the American character as a whole.
2) Equality of Opportunity and Competition
Equality of opportunity and competition is another basic American value.Americans believe in the ideal, as stated in their Declaration of Independence, that
- 34man an equal chance to get rich with everybody else.When one starts poor, free society is such that he knows he can better his condition; he knows that there is no fixed condition of labor for his whole life.
However, there is a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition.If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others.If every person has an equal chance to succeed in the United States, then it is every person’s duty to try.Americans match their energy and intelligence against that of their neighbors in a competitive contest for succe.
The preures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work.Learning to compete succefully is part of growing up in the United States.In a recent opinion poll, more than 60% of Americans believed that competition and the desire to win are healthy and desirable.The preure to compete causes an American to be energetic, but it also places a constant emotional strain on him.When he retires at age sixty-five, he is at last free from the preures of competition.But then a new problem arises.He tends to feel usele and unwanted in a society that gives so much prestige to those who compete well.This is one reason why older people in the United States do not have as much honor and respect as they have in other le competitive societies.In fact, any person who does not compete succefully for whatever reason does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.
3) Material Wealth and Hard Work
A main reason that immigrants have come to the United States is to have a better life.That is, people wanted to raise their standard of living.For the vast majority of the immigrants who came here, it was probably the most compelling reason for leaving their homeland.Because of its incredibly abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a \"land of plenty\" where millions could come to seek their fortunes.Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, and many of them suffered terribly, but the majority of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.Even if they were not able to achieve
- 36They have been taught that it is a good thing to work hard and acquire more material badges of their succe, and that means a better future for them.
