口译教程[基础篇]
Education 1.“培养”（人才）怎么译？
“培养”可译做 train, turn out 或 produce,如： turn out large numbers of skilled workers have trained...aistant and middle level technicians the college produces very good interpreters. 有时“培养”也译做foster,如： to foster activists培养积极分子 2.“工作单位”怎么译？
我国出版的英文报刊常把“工作单位”译作“work unit”，unit一词在英语中经常用不 指“部队”；翻译时如能用具体的词，如school, factory, hospital, company等可能更明白易懂。若指为特殊目的成立的机构（如医院，学校，公司等），也可考虑用institution一词代替。原工作单位也可译作 the institution at which one used to work。 3.program一词的意思
program有syllabus（课程提纲）或curriculum（一个学校，专业，或学科的全部课程）的意思，如今也用来表示学校开设的“专业”， 如：We have a MA program in literature/an intercultural communication program，或学校所设的“（训练）部”，如：the un language training program；Mr.Lin is in charge of the Chinese program in our university.补充一些有关教育的词汇： project hope 希望工程 the credit system 学分制
a double BA degree system 双学士制
students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 定向招生
key university 重点大学
center for post-doctoral studies 博士后科研流动站 specialty 专业
college/university of science and engineering 理工科大学 normal university；teachers\' university 师范大学 polytechnic university 工业大学 agricultural university 农业大学 medical university 医科大学
institute of traditional Chinese medicine 中医学院 Sports 1.创记录
e.g.had broken or chalked up 495 world records. 也可以说：
produce a total of 495 world records. set(up)/create/establish/make a new record.2.刷新记录
rewrite/renew/better/improve the world/one\'s own record 3.其它
e.g.equal/match a record reach a record hold/keep the record for...4.得冠军，得奖牌的表达方法
e.g.had won 582 world championships 也可以说：
gain world titles/championships take/capture 6 titles out of a poible 7 sweep all the 7 titles wrest the championship from...5.体育运动中的“实力”，“强项”怎么译？
“实力”可译作“strength””或“power”，如：
Chinese athletes showed their traditional strength in some track and field events. “实力”也可能形容词“powerful”或“strong”表达，如：
Chinese women basketball players are very powerful/strong. “强项”可译作“strong game/sport”。 6.“黑马”为什么是“dark”horse？
“黑马”是“dark”而不是“black”horse 这里dark的含义是“不清楚”，“不明朗”，表示对于某人“知道甚少”的意思。 Economy and Reform 1.reform一词的搭配法
reform可以和以下动词连用：
accomplish/effect/initiate/make/start reforms bring about reforms carry a reform into effect advocate/propose/urge reforms “深化改革”在我国出版的英语报刊上常译成deepen reform.一般说deepen做及物动词时常与knowledge, understanding一类词连用。“深化改革”中的“深化”就是“进一步”的意思，可译成： intensify the rural reform further carry out reforms as the reform further develops/is carried forward/is pushed forward 2.“改革开放”的表达法 “改革开放”可译成the policy of reform and opening up 或the reform and the open policy。切不可与the open-door policy（“门户开放”政策）混淆。“进一步开放”或“门要开得更大”可译成reform and opening up went one step further；further reform and opening up。
“加快改革开放的步伐”可译成accelerate the pace of reform and opening up。
3.“坚持”怎么译？
“坚持”可以译作adhere to, persevere in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等，如：
adherence to the socialist road, to communist party leadership, to the people\'s democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong thought. adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development. persevere in the pursuit of 1 central task and 2 basic points persisting in reform and opening up hold on to socialism stick to this attitude keep to the socialist orientation adhere to 的意识是“坚持维护，支持”，“信仰坚定”，“忠于”，如：“坚持党的基本路线”可译作 adhere to the party\'s basic line，“坚持无产阶级国际主义”可译作adhere to proletarian internationalism。
persevere in 和persist in 一般用于行动，都有“在困难或遭到反对的情况下继续”的意思；但persevere in 带褒义，表示“不屈不挠”，而persist in 带贬义，表示“顽固，不听开导”，如： perseverance means succe. persevere in one\'s studies/armed struggle persist in one\'s errors/asking insulting questions hold one to 的意思是“抓住不放”，用于beliefs, ideas, principles时表示“坚持信仰”，即使他人影响或情况使人产生怀疑，也不改变或放弃，如： hold on to one\'s views stick to 的意思是“粘住，不离”；和choice, decision, principle, belief 等词连用时，也有“不变，不放弃”，“坚持”的意思。
keep to 有“不离”，“不违背”，“遵守”的意思，如： keep to the main road keep to prearranged plan keep to 用于decision，belief，rules时有“坚持”的意思。此外，“坚持”也可译作insist on, keep up, uphold 等。
insist on 多用于意见，主张，表示“硬要”，“坚决要求”，如： we insist on an interview before we accept any ma candidate. she insisted on her innocence. he insisted on going innocence. keep up 的意思是“继续”，如：
keep up one\'s studies/piano practice/the attack/the good work uphold 的意思 是“支持”，赞同“，可和law, principle, system, practice连用，表示“坚持”。“我们党坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观”可译作our party upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world outlook.工业
1.“达到”怎么译？
“达到”可用reach或amount to，但amount to 表示几个部分相加后得到的总和，和add up to，total，number的意思一样。 2.operation一词的意思
operation有“运转”，“操作”，“工作”等意思，因此工厂“投入生产”，铁路“开始通车”，公司“开始营业”等都可能go into/step into/begin operation(s)，如：
the factory went into operation in1992.operation还有“经营”的意思，“经营机制”是operation mechanism，“经营自主”是autonomy in operation.“扩大生产/经营”可用expand operation 表达，如：
The enterprise expanded its operation into an iron and steel complex.3.capacity一词的意思
capacity表示最大生产量，容量或运载量，如： annual production capacity freighters with a total capacity of 100，000 tons capacity 也表示人的“能力”，“才干”，“本领”，如：
not working to capacity意思是“本领没有使出来”，“才干没有完全发挥”。 4.同义词、近义词辨析：
1）factory, plant, works, mill, complex等： factory, plant, works, mill 都是工厂.factory 泛指一般工厂，如 food factory, tractor factory plant 多指电器业或机械制造业，一般用于以下工厂：
water power plant, machine-building plant, chemical plant。
works 多用于钢铁等重工业，如 iron and steel works, gas works, cement works。
mill 原意是“磨坊”，现泛指“工厂”，多用于轻工业，尤其是纺织工业，如： cotton/textile/silk/woolen mill, lumber/saw mill, steel mill, heavy steel rolling mill complex 指“联合企业”，如 chemical complex, iron and steel complex, building complex。
在现代报刊中，以上用法大都依照习惯，有时没有明确界限或区别。值得注意的是有些词专指特殊的工厂，如smeltery 冶炼厂、foundry 铸造厂、tannery制革厂。
2) equipment, facility: equipment 和 facility 都可译作“设备”，“器材”，但equipment 是不可熟名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西，供给品，装备等。如： a completer of equipment an important piece of equipment basic kitchen equipment stereo equipment facility 是可数名词，常用复数形式。facilities指为一特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设备、建筑物和服务等等。如： production facilities facilities for study facilities for travel sports facilities 2008年，奥运会将在北京举行。作为中国人，我们都想对奥运会有一个更全面的了解，尤其是怎么用英语表达，我想通过一些常用的术语以及句子来增强对它的了解。
首先，我们来了解常用的术语： 奥运会Olympic Games 奥运会选拔赛Olympic trial 国际奥委会International Olympic Committee 奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem 奥运火炬Olympic torch 奥运会代表团Olympic delegation 奥运村Olympic village 组委会organization committee 开幕式opening ceremony 闭幕式closing ceremony 吉祥物mascot 颁奖台podium 其次，我们通过一些句子来增强对奥运会的了解。
The international Olympic Committee constituted itself on 23rd June 1894.国际奥委会于1894年6月23日成立。
The Olympic symbol, the five interlocking rings, represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games.奥林匹克的标志是五个相连的圆环，它代表着五大洲的团结和全世界运动员在奥运会上相聚一堂。 The official languages of the IOC are French and English.国际奥委会的官方语言是法语和英语。
The Olympic flame is a symbol reminiscent of the ancient Olympic Games.奥运圣火是人们缅怀古代奥运会的象征。
The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games.Both take place every four years.奥运会包括夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会， 它们都是每四年举办一次。 The Olympic Games shall be proclaimed open by the Head of State of the host country.奥运会由东道国国家元首宣布开幕。 The delegation parade in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except for Greece, which leads the parade, and for the host country which brings up the rear.代表团按东道国语言文字的字母顺序入场。希腊和东道国例外，希 腊代表团第一个入场，东道国代表团最后一个入场。
笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start.
不眠之夜white night
不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\"s best 不打不成交\"No discord, no concord.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 大开眼界open one\"s eyes; broaden one\"s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can\"t be pure and man can\"t be perfect.金玉满堂Treasures fill the home 脚踏实地be down-to-earth 脚踩两只船sit on the fence 老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché 礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧\"Where there is life, there is hope.\" 马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant succe 名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself.拿手好戏masterpiece 赔了夫人又折兵throw good money after bad 抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities 强强联手win-win co-operation 瑞雪兆丰年A timely snow promises a good harvest.人之初,性本善Man\"s nature at birth is good.人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.人海战术huge-crowd strategy 世上无难事，只要肯攀登\"Where there is a will, there is a way.\" 世外桃源a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world; 死而后已until my heart stops beating 岁岁平安Peace all year round 塞翁失马，焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual bleing.升级换代updating and upgrading (of products) 四十不惑Life begins at forty.水涨船高When the river rises, the boat floats high.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel 说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes.实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is 实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets 天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen.a bolt from the blue 团结就是力量Unity is strength.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 物以类聚，
人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.望子成龙hold high hopes for one\"s child 屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly.When it rains it pours.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy 唯利是图draw water to one\"s mill 无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots 无中生有make/create something out of nothing 徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off 心想事成May all your wish come true 先入为主First impreions are firmly entrenched.先下手为强catch the ball before the bound 像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan 现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example 息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters 喜忧参半mingled hope and fear 循序渐进step by step 鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey 有情人终成眷属\"Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.\" 有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go.Money talks.有识之士people of vision 有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain 与时俱进advance with times 以人为本people oriented; people foremost 因材施教teach students according to their aptitude 欲速则不达Haste does not bring succe.优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.一言既出，驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words.招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful 债台高筑become debt-ridden 致命要害Achilles\" heel 众矢之的target of public criticism 纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist 纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.
