There be句型的用法
一、构成：
There be ...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。例如： 1.There are fifty-two students in our cla.2.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.3.There was an old house by the river five years ago.
二、各种句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\\an\\any + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\\an + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。例如： 1.There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.2.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.3.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.
一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：
1.There is some money in her handbag.
→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any,
something改为anything.) 2.There is something new in today’s newspaper.→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
1 →Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
特殊疑问句：
There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：
① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There is a bird in the tree.→What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there.→What’s over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is \\ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：
There is a computer in my office.
→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office.
There are four children in the claroom.
→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the claroom.
③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：
如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：
There are twelve months in a year. →How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag. → How many books are there in your bag? There is a cat in the box.
→ How many cats are there in the box?
如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示： There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in
your purse?
反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如： There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there? There used to be no school here, used there \\did there?
三、注意事项：
1.There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如： There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the gla.
如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如： There are many birds in the tree.
There were many people in the street yesterday.
如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
2. There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to\\ will、现在完成时
have\\has + pp.、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点.)。例如：
There must be a pen in the box.There happened to be some money in my pocket. There is going to be a meeting tonight.There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a church acro from the bank.
3.There be句型和have\\has的区别：
There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如： 桌子上有三本书.There are three books on the desk.我有三本书.I have three books.
4.There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语.例如： There is a truck collecting rubish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.
3 四、there be 结构的高级句型： 1.There is no doubt that....毫无疑问......
There was no doubt that he was telling the truth, but his mother didn’t believe him.2.There is some doubt whether...尚有疑问.....
There is some doubt whether he can overcome the difficulty.3.There is no need to do sth.(=It is unneceary to do sth.) 没有必要做.....
There is no need to tell such bad news to her.4.There is no sense in doing sth.做.....没有意义
There is no sense in waiting here without knowing when he will be back.5.There is no use (in) doing sth.(= It is usele to do sth.) 做某事没用
There is no use crying the spilt milk.6.There is no denying...(=It is impoible to tell...) 无可否认（抵赖）......
There is no denying the fact that Japan invaded China.7.There is no telling...(It is impoible to tell...) 无法知道......
There is no telling who will win the game as both players are very excellent.练习：
1.There isn’t _____water in the gla.Let’s go and get some.A.many B.lots C.any D.some 2.There ___a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night.
A.was B.had C.is D.were 3.There ____ many changes in the village recently.
A.is B.are C.have been D.to be 4.---There _______a lot of meat on the plate.Would you like some? ---Just a little, please.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 5.There _______ some books, a ballpen and a ruler on the desk.
A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has 6.There _______ a ballpen, a ruler and some books on the desk.A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has 7.There is a boy _______at the door.A.stand
B.standing
C.stood
D.is standing
4 8.---_______is in the house? --- There is an old women in the house.A.What
B.Whose
C.Who
D.Which 9.There used to be a tower here, _____?
A.usedn’t it B.used there C.didn’t it
D.didn’t there 10.There ____a meeting tonight.
A.is going be B.is going to have C.is going to D.is going to be 翻译句子：
1.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
2.战前这儿曾经有家电影院。
3.恰好那时房里没人。
4.我家门前有一条河。
5.广州，一座拥有2200多年文明历史的古老城市，现在发展得也非常快。
6.现在不能预知未来会怎么样。
7.毫无疑问，他是总经理的最佳人选。
8.不求甚解、死记硬背课文没有意义。
9.你没有必要跟他解释此事。
10.他能否接受你的帮助尚有疑问。
11.是发达国家造成了全球变暖，这是不容否认的事实。
with+复合宾语的用法
一、所谓\"with的复合结构\"，即是\"with +宾语+宾语补足语\"的结构。其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语充当。下面结合例句就这 一结构加以具体的说明。
二、情况分类：
1、with +宾语 +形容词
① He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考题) 上面句子中形容词open作with 的宾词all the windows的补足语，
② It\'s impolite to talk with your mouth full of food.形容词短语full of food作宾补。 ③Don\'t sleep with the window open in winter
2、with+宾语+副词
①with John away, we have got more room.②He was lying in bed with all his clothes on.③Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副词，作宾语the light的补足语。
④The boy cant play with his father in.句中的副词in作宾补。
3、with+宾语+介词短语。
①We sat on the gra with our backs to the wall.②His wife came down the stairs,with her baby in her arms.③They stood with their arms round each other.④With tears of joy in her eyes ,she saw her daughter married.⑤She saw a brook with red flowers and green gra on both sides.句中介词短语on both sides作宾语 red flowersandgreen gra的宾补， ⑥There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.， 介词短语in front of them作宾补。
4、with+宾词+分词（短语）
这一结构中作宾补用的分词有两种，一是现在分词，二是过去分词，一般来说，当分词所表示的动作跟其前面 的宾语之间存在主动关系则用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过去分词。
①All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.②She sat with her head bent.③She did not answer, with her eyes still fixed on the wall.④The day was bright,with a fresh breeze(微风）blowing.⑤I won\'t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.⑥With winter coming on,it is time to buy warm clothes. ⑦He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.⑧From space the earth looks like a huge water covered globe,with a few patches of land stucking out above the water 而在下面句子中因with的宾语跟其宾补之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补： ⑨The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied back.但当with的复合结构中语是表示人体部位名称的名词时，作宾补用的分词是现在分词是过去分词，则应视这 一动词而定。一般来说，若此动词是及物动词则用其过去分词形式，若是不及物动词，则用其现在分词形式。
⑩An old man was lying there with his eyes shut.此句中shut是及物动词，故用其过去分词
He lay on his back with his eyes looking straight up wards.look为不及物动词，故用现在分词。
5、with+宾语+不定式短语。
①I can\'t go out with you, with much homework to be done.句中的宾补由to be done这一不定式的被动结构充当，表示do这一动作的将来含义或未完成之意，用其被动态则说明其与宾语之间存在被动关系。 ②With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived.③I can\'t go out with all these dishes to wash.④So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went around the school.⑤With such an experienced teacher to teach us English,we are very happy.
7
6, with+宾语+名词
He died in the battle with his son only a ten-month-old baby.
二、with的复合结构的用法: 1，在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件
①She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语） ②With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）
③The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。 （with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）
④The teacher entered the claroom with a book in his hand.⑤He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）
⑥He could finish it with me to help him.（with+代词 +不定式，作条件状语） ⑦She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语）
⑧With nothing left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（with+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
2，With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：
①From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
②A little boy with two of his front teeth miing ran into the house.③Do you know the woman with a gold necklace around her neck?
三，几点说明:
without +宾语+宾语补足语是with +宾语+宾语补足语结构的另一表现形式。 ①He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语） ②Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
8 ③Poibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.(高二22课）
（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）
④Without anyone noticing ，I slipped out of the room.（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）
⑤Without a word more spoken，he went back home 练习：
用所给词的正确形式填空
1.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______ (go) on.2.With much work _______ (do) , he had no time to play.3.It was a pity that the great writer died with his work ______ (finish) 4.I send you 100 yuan today, with the rest _____ (follow) in a year.5.With the sun _____ (set) down, we all went home.6.The lorry with apples ______ (load) on belongs to me.7.With all the factors _______ (consider), this project is a good one.用with+复合宾语结构完成句子：
1.因为你站在这里，所以我无法集中精力学习。
2.那位戴帽子的人就是我父亲。
3.有向导为我们带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
4.他经常开着灯睡觉。
5.因为作业做完了，所以他就出去玩了。
6.一个小女孩跑进房间，鼻子冻得红红的。
7.她眼泪汪汪地离开了家乡。
