2004年初中英语复习提要
（三）介词、连词、构词法
福清市蒜岭侨兴中学 郭礼文 2004-03
在调研中，有学生问到如何才能学好介词和连词，如何做好词形转换题？我的经验是，对于介词和连词要记住它们的本义和固定搭配，再灵活运用。对于构词法关键还是记住词根和配生词。
一、介词
1．与形容词搭配的词组有：
be afraid of （怕） be angry with （生某人的气）
be away from （不在某地） be different from （与„不同）
be good at （善于） be good/ bad for (对„有益/有害)
be interested in （对„感兴趣） be late for （迟到）
be/get ready for （为作好准备） be sure of (对„有把握)
be worried about （为„感到担忧）
2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式
1)You must take good care of her.
2)Thank you for teaching us so well.
3．几组易混淆的介词
A．“在...之后”in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）
after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时） after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）
如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.B． for +一段时间
since +过去的一点时间
这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。 C． be made of \"用„„制成\"；
be made in “由某地制造”；
be made by somebody “由某人制成” D． in, on, at表时间
in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end on \"用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等\" eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”
固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天 E.except +宾格/doing something \"除„之外” （不包括本身）
8 Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.(同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn\'t at school today.F．“用” 通过交通工具 by plane；用语言 in English；通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV；用工具手段 with a pen, with one\'s hands G． between “在~和~（两者）之间” between...and..., between the two...among 在...之间(三者或三者以上) eg.Sue spent over two hours ____ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over
二、连词 1．并列连词
*both„and 既~又~谓语用复数动词 *neither„nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。
*either„or„ “或者 „或者„”“不是„就是„”
*and“和” 连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。 *but “但是” 表转折，不能与 though 同时出现在句中。
*or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用 or，而不用 and。
Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)
I don\'t have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.2． 引导宾语从句的连词
*陈述句：that 可省略
*一般疑问句：if /whether “是否” *特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
3． 引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中) 4．引导时间状语从句的连词： A.when（当„时候），as soon as„（一„就），not„until（直到„才），after（在„之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。
Eg: I won\'t leave until he comes back.B.since（自从„以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Eg：We haven\'t met each other since she left here last year.C.while（当„时候，一边„一边„）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。
Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.5．引导条件状语从句的连词：
if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。 请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定 eg:1)I don\'t know if it ＿＿＿＿ (rain) tomorrow. 2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills. 3)Joan and Mary haven\'t seen each other_____they left school five years ago. A.as B.before C.after D.since
三、构词法
前缀 例词 派生词 un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly im-“不” poible impoible
后缀 例词 派生词
-er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver（以e结尾，-r）
run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er） win winner travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor -ly（副词后缀） bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例：trueterribly poible - poibly
名词 形容词 -ful（形容词后缀）care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful -y （形容词后缀） rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y） snow snowy sun sunny （双写，加-y） wind windy
-ion（名词后缀） 动词 名词
invent invention operate operation
10 -ne（名词后缀） 形容词 名词
busy busine good goodne 一些特例：
动词 形容词 动词 现在分词转化为名词 sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable begin beginning
cro croing 名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen 动词 过去分词转为形容词 danger dangerous fry fried difference different worry worried
break broken lose lost 动词 名词 please pleased know knowledge colour coloured fly flight 名词 名词 please pleasure farm farmer 农夫
动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语
develop developed “发达的” developing “发展中的”
练习题
1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.A.from B.to C.in D.with
2、They will have an English test___two days.A.for B.at C.in D.after
3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975.A.at B.in C.on D.to
4、I haven \'t heard _______ her _____ she left home.A.from, since B.from, after C.of, when D.of , as
5、Tom didn\'t know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.A.how B.weather C.whether D.what
6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again.
7、Mrs.Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.
8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon. 思考题
1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn\'t fall asleep.A.very„to B.too„to C.so„that D.neither„nor
2、Work hard, ___you won\'t catch up with the others.A.but B.and C.if D.or
3、The game is very ___ and she\'s ___ in it.A.interesting, interesting B.interested, interested C.interested, interesting D.interesting, interested
