英语复习课----过去完成时过关(past perfect)
过去完成时，表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn\'t)+been+过去分词
基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如： Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not
studied my leon.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如： He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例
如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。（8）过去完成时还可用在
hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)time (that)…等固定句型中。例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。时间状语before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than，yet，already等。
.单项选择
1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays.
A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I beenD.where had I gone
2.What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A.did, doB.has,doneC did, did.D.had,done
3.I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A.learnedB.was learningC.had learnedD.learnt
4.She ___A___lived here for ______ years.
A.had,a fewB.has,severalC.had,a lot ofD.has,a great deal of
5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___ the dinner already.
A had cookedB.cookedC.have cookedD.was cooked
6.She said she __D________ the principle already
A .has seenB.sawC.will seeD.had seen
7.She said her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A.has hidden, fromB.had hidden, fromC.has hidden, withD.had hidden, with
8.By the time he was ten years old, he ___D______.
A.has completed universityB.has completed the university
B.had completed an universityD.had completed university
9.She had written a number of books ___C___ the end of last year.
A.forB.inC.byD.at
10.He __B___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, pianoB.had learned, the piano
C.has learned, the pianoD.learns ,piano.
11.What __D_____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A.did, doB.did, didC.has, doneD.had done12 .He _C__ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A.has workedB.worksC.had workedD.will work
13.By the end of last week, they _D___ the bridge.
A.has completedB.completedC.will completeD.had completed
14.Ben hates playing _D____ violin,but he likes playing ____ football.
A.a…theB.the… theC./ …theD.the…/
15.By the time he was 4,he _A_____ a lot of German words.
A.had learnedB.has learnedC.learnedD.learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then __D___ the claroom.
A.was leftB.had leftC.has leftD.left
17.They ____C_____ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A.livedB.had livedC.have livedD.were living
18.The train from Beijing__C_____ ten minutes ago.
A.has arrivedB.was arrivingC.arrivedD.had arrived
19.The students ___B______ their claroom when the visitors arrived.
A .have cleanedB.had cleanedC.was cleanedD.have been cleaned
20.Fergie__B_____ the project in one hour.
A.have finishedB.will finishC.finishesD.has finished
21.The man ___A_____ his coat and went out.
A.put onB.had put onC.will put onD.was putting on
22 My mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18.
A.had workedB.has workedC.workedD.works
23.Dad _C_______ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watchB.was falling asleep…watched
C.fell asleep……was watchingD.had fallen asleep…watched
2.用动词的适当形式填空
1.We ___had painted____ (paint) the house before we moved________ (move) in.
2.That rich old man __had made___ (make) a will before he died(die).
3.They __had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left___ (leave).
4.The robbers _had run away____ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).
5.I __turned off_____ (turn off) all the lights before I __went___ (go) to bed.
6.Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _____ (make)a phone call.
7.Tom ___said__ (say) he had read_______ (read) the book twice.
8.Our plan ____failed_ (fail ) because we _had made______ (make) a bad mistake.
9.When the chairman ___finished_____ (finish) speaking, he ____left____ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads were having (have) lunch when I ___got_____(get) to their house.
11.When I __arrived________(arrive) at the station, he ___had
left_____(leave).
12..We _____had learned___(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13.I waited until he __finished_____(finish) his homework.
14.We were surprised at what she _had____already __done____(do)
15.She _didn\'t go___(not go) to Qingdao because she ___had went____ (go) there before.
16.He __hasn\'t told (not tell) you the news yet.
17.He said he __had______already___given___(give) the book to the teacher.
18.I ____have been_____(be) to Shanghai before.
19.She told me she ___had been_______(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She __was playing________(play) the guitar while her sister__was singing______(sing).
3．句型转换
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
I did not have sold the ticket when she came.
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
She didn\'t have sung a song to us before she danced.
3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）
They did not begin to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry.（改一般疑问）
Had you been very hungry by 10:00 am?
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问） Had lucy already completed the project when I arrived.
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off.（改一般疑问）Had th eplane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
How was he when you saw him?
8.When he had read the note, he ate it.（对划线部分提问）
What did he do when he had the note?
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）
Why did Jack not go to the cinema?
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）
How long did you have had the toys before you gave them to the child?
11.She had written the book by the end of 1960.（对划线部分提问） What had she written by the end of 1960?
12.We cooked the dumplings.We ate them up.（用过去完成时连接两句）We ate the dumplings after we had cooked them.
13.Jim’s father mended the car.It was broken.（用过去完成时连接两句） The car had broken before Jim\'s father manded it.
14.We had our tests.Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句) After we ___had had hour teats________, we ___had a long
holiday___________
15.He showed us a picture.Then he showed us around the house.用过去完成时连接两句)
Before he ___had showed us around the house_______, he_______showed us a picture___________
