第一段
A.现状说明：
1.When it comes to.., most/many people believe that ..., but other people 2.When it comes to ..., people\'s opinions differ.Some believe that ..., while others claim that .3.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role/ view/ idea of ....Some people claim that ..., while others believe that ....4.There is a general discuion today about the iue/ problem of ....Those who criticize ...argue that ....They believe that ....But people who advocate ..., on the other hand, argue that…
5.Most people are of the opinion that ....But I personally believe that ....6.Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that ...7.Now, it is generally acknowledged that ..., But I doubt whether ....
B.图表描述：
1.In 1990, it increased/decreased from ...to ...2.By comparison with 1998, it decreased/increased by…
3.The figure has nearly doubled, compared with/ as against that of last year.4.It has increased/ decreased almost two and a half times/ twice/ six times compared with…
5.The number is half/ 4times/ twice as much as that of 1990.6.It accounts for/ takes up… percent of the total.
7.the number was… le than/ more than/ a half/ third/quarter
of 1990 total.第二段
A、原因列举：
1.The phenomenon/change in ...mainly results from/ arises from the fact that ...2.One may regard the phenomenon as a ...sign of/ response to…
3.There are many causes/ reasons for this dramatic growth/decrease.First, ...Second, ...Finally, ..4.A number of factors can account for the change in ...5.Another contributory factor of ...is ...6.why are/ do/ did…? For one thing…for another,…/ one reason is … another is…Perhaps the primary reason is … 7....is also responsible for the in ..
B、观点陈述：
1.Although a lot of people believe that ..., I doubt/ wonder whether the argument bears much analysis/ close examination.
2.As opposed to widely held ideas, I believe/ argue/ think that ...9. you/ one may say/ argue/ think that ....It probably will.But ...10.It is one thing to believe that ..., but it is quite another to say that ...
C、利弊说明：
1.The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B.2.Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages.For one thing, it ...; for another, it ....
D、举例论证：
Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.I can think of no better illustration than the following one This case effectively clarify the fact that This story tells that …
第三段： A.归纳结论：
2.All the evidence supports an unshakable conclusion that ....B.3.It is (high) time that we placed great emphasis on ....B.建议措施：
1.It is neceary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.2.Only in this way can we solve the problem
2.1写作常用句型 表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
“有很多原因来解释这个问题”的不同版本参考 1.There are many /a lot of reasons for this problem 2.Reasons for this problem are various 3.Reasons for this problem are of great varieties 4.Many reasons are responsible for this problem
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（neceary，difficult，convenient， poible）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it neceary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，aume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem.
11．套语
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
关联词
起：now，nowadays，at present，first，firstly，first of all，in the first place，in recent years，recently，It goes without saying that
承：second，secondly，then，besides，indeed，still，third，thirdly，moreover，furthermore，certainly，obviously，truly，especially，particularly，in addition，what is more，what is worse，for example，for instance，in fact，in other words，at the same time 转：however，neverthele，otherwise，yet，but，or，whereas，in spite of，instead，on the other hand，in contrast，on the contrary，conversely
合：therefore，thus，hence，in short，in brief，in a word，in conclusion，as a result，as a consequence，consequently，above all，at last，finally，eventually，after all，to sum up，in general，generally speaking，on the whole，as has been noted，as I have said A.表举例
For example, for instance, as a case in point, in the case of, as illustration, such as , like, that is , say B.表比较
similarly, likewise, in the same manner, the same…as, like, both, equally important C.表对照
On the country , on the other hand, by contrast, unlike, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead D.表让步
Although, though, neverthele, however, but , yet, admittedly, It is true… that , in spite of, despite,even though E.表原因
Because, as, since, for, owing to, due to, as a result of, on account of F.表结果
thus, so, hence, consequently, therefore, accordingly, for this reason, as a consequence.G.表强调
chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, actually, above all, most important, worse, as a matter of fact, no doubt H. 表递进
First, second, in the first place, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, for one thing, for another, not only…but also I. 表结论
In conclusion, in short, on the whole, finally, lastly, to sum up, to conclude, in any event J
表时间 Earlier, previous, formerly, before, after, as until, meanwhile, later, afterwards, next K. 表空间
Above, acro, beyond, in front of , next to, opposite, under below, nearby, close to
3.2书信作文
书信格式： A称呼
1、机构：Dear Sir or Madam,
2、个人：Dear + 人名, B正文3段，120-150词
1、第一段：
1）自我介绍（私人书信除外）：
I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of XXXXX of Daqing Petroleum Institute.2）写作目的：
I am writing the letter in purpose of ...I am writing to inform you that I wish to ...
2、第二段：
1）翻译提纲一：
2）翻译提纲二：
3）翻译提纲三：
3、第三段： 1）表示感谢
（1）My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. （2）Words fail me when I wish to expre my sincere gratitude to you.
（3）I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind aistance you render me.2）期待回信：
（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. （3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.C.落款：
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
