Breaking Bad Habits
The proverb \"Habit is second nature\" is so often quoted that it has almost become a cliché , yet we all know how true it is.A habit is a form of learned, automatic behaviour that provides pleasure and comfort.A bad habit has long-term negative consequences, but it still gives immediate comfort.Once formed, it seems to stick to you, no matter how hard you try to shake it off.
For example, we have all heard of stories of determined individuals trying to give up smoking, but after strenuously resisting all temptations for months, only to find themselves reverting to cigarettes again on the threshold of succe.So swearing off a bad habit is only half the battle; staying off requires good planning.
To permanently rid yourself of a bad habit, whether it is smoking, drinking, gambling or overeating, you have to simultaneously unlearn certain behaviours and replace them with new ones that also provide gratification.If you smoke because cigarettes give you something to do with your hands, learn to play a music instrument instead.With a strong will-power and good strategy, you can surely break any bad habit.
Cancer
It is well known that cancer is a dangerous disease which spares no one, irrespective of age and sex.Its mortality is high.Therefore it is no wonder that the mere mention of it will frighten the strongest man.But we are convinced that cancer, like all other diseases, is conquerable though it is not quite clear what is the agent that causes cancer.
Many research units have reported that etiologically cancer is a group of diseases rather than a single disease entity; and that cancer is caused by external disease agents, including viruses, chemical and physical stimuli.Up to now there is no known cure for cancer.Neverthele, much research work on cancer is being conducted all over the world.With the discovery of new treatment and drugs, we are sure that cancer will be cured as well as prevented.There is no doubt that humanity will soon be able to rid itself of such a calamity.AFootball Match
On the afternoon of Oct 1st, a football match took place between the Beijing Team and the Shanghai Team in the city stadium.When I got there the stand was already packed with spectators.
The match started on time and went very exciting.A home player got hold of the ball and kicked it miles over the bar.Towards the end of the match, a forward got a chance to give the ball such a thumping kick that it bounced off an opposing player and skidded straight into the back of the net, out of the reach of the goal keeper.The crowd went wild.Cheers and hail, boos and jeers filled the air.
I returned home at about six o’clock.All the way back, my heart was full of stimulating excitement.
Li Siguang, an Outstanding Scientist
Li Siguang was born in Hubei in 1889.When he was a young man, he went to Japan to study.After his return to China, he taught in universities and did geological research.
As a patriotic intellectual, he loved his country and his people.He refused to work for the Kuomintang.In 1947 he went to Britain to escape persecution by the Kuomintang reactionaries.After liberation, he came back to his motherland to take part in the building of socialism.In 1985, he became a member of the Chinese Communist Party.
Integrating theory with practice, Li Siguang applied dialectics in his research work, and set up a new branch of science - geomechanics.He was the first man to declare to the world that China is rich in oil.Li made great contributions to our geological studies and to our oil industry.Armed with Li\'s theory, Chinese geological workers have since found many big oilfields like Daqing, Shengli and Dagang.
Man and Nature
In recent years we have become increasingly conscious of our duty towards the environment.People have begun to realize that just because we are so dependent on natural resources, we must learn to conserve them, so that they will still be available for future generation.
In modern times, man has exploited the earth to an alarming degree with the effect that he is in danger of destroying the very environment that gives him life.An example of over exploitation is the destruction of forest reserves, which play a vital part in the ecology of the earth.Not only are our forests in danger, but as a result of industrialization seas and rivers have become polluted, and this is causing the fish in them to be poisoned and drinking water to be contaminated.Pollution of the atmosphere with gases is not only affecting the quality of the air we breathe, but may also result in raising the temperature of the earth to dangerous levels.
In view of the seriousne of this problem, people are starting to take measures.They are now getting to know that it is man\'s responsibility to conserve nature in order to ensure his own survival and well-being.
Ⅰ.
1.B2.A3.C4.C5.A
6.B7.D8.A9.D10.D
Ⅱ.
1.如果这些想法意味着黑暗和毁灭，那你就会走进黑暗和被毁灭，因为贬低的话语会摧毁你的信心，而不会鼓励你、支持你。
2.苏的理疗医生在初诊时告诉她，草草记录下她的思想活动，特别是夜里她不能入睡时的思想情况。
3.温森特和他的父亲感情很好，但父亲很溺爱他，灌输他满脑子的烦心事。
4.如果你害怕坐飞机，那么在飞机起飞或降落时，你就聚精会神地观看机场附近的灯光和道路吧。
5.应该养成一个习惯：即记住自己最美好的时刻，也就是记住你想做的那种人。
1.T2.F
3.Because in the report the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date.4.F5.T
6.Because the findings of the study were so unlikely that they expected the results to be negative.
7.F8.T9.T
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C
Ⅱ.
1.Physiological needs of people can be satisfied by money.Food, clothing and shelter are the
basic eentials to life, and all of them can be hardly imagined without money in modern societies.
2.Humans are social animals.They need to be loved by others and accepted by co-workers, They
need to feel self-esteem, a sense of personal worth derived from their competence, achievement, or independence.It can be said that the social needs of people are friendship and a respect based on a recognition of their competence.
3.A person’s high status can be judged by his wealth, social standing, advanced education, and a
prestigious occupation.
4.It depends on individuals’ idea of the problem.Some people think money is the first.They
believe earning a million dollars may bestow status on an individual.Other people consider the status conferred by the title “vice-president” is more important than the salary that also comes with the job.They always seek one of the occupations that our society holds in high esteem.
It is because people’s needs work out in real life and their expectations rise from year to year.As people partially satisfy each need, they tend to require more of it for full satisfaction.So it is not strange that a worker, who enjoyed earning enough to support his family in 1989, now becomes angry at not being able to buy a new car even though he earns much more than he did ten years ago.
1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A
Ⅰ.
1.D2.C3.D4.D5.A6.B7.A8.B
Ⅱ.
1.The El Nino phenomenon.
2.Drought-aggravated bush fires happened in Indonesia that spread a choking smog acro large
areas of Southeast Asia.
3.Heating of the Earth’s surface by gases trapped in the atmosphere causes more and fiercer
storms, expanding deserts, melting polar ice and raising sea levels.
3.It wants developing countries to be brought under the emiion control umbrella.
3.This is not necearily a bad thing.
1.1997年下半年的气候为厄尔尼诺(El Nino)所控制。厄尔尼诺是出现在南美海岸，影响整个地球气候格局的一股暖流。
2.洪水席卷了非洲东部干燥的索马里，而印度尼西亚的伊里安查亚(Irian Jaya)却干燥异常，成百上千的部落成员死于饥饿和疾病。
3.（京都）大会同意发达国家应该减少二氧化碳及其他“温室”气体的排放。人们指责这些气体造成了全球气温的上升。
4.（京都）大会至少使人们更加意识到环境问题的重要性，尤其是这次会议在厄尔尼诺现
象发生的这年召开。
4.他说：“但意识和行动之间总是存在一个时间差，并且我认为这时间差能持续很长时间…”
