英语课程教学大纲（试行） — 公共英语课— 英语II
一、教学对象
本课程为广播电视大学公共英语课，供各类专业的专科和本科根据该专业 的培养要求选择开设。
二、教学目的与要求
通过英语课程的学习，学生应能掌握一定的英语语言基础知识和基本技能，具有一定的读、听、写、说的能力，从而能借助词典阅读和翻译一般性业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中能进行一般性的书面交流和简单的口头交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的应用能力打下基础。
鉴于广播电视大学实行开放办学，学生入学时的英语水平差异较大，公共英语课程设置不同层次的三个教学模块，使各专业可以根据该专业培养要求和学生的具体条件为专科和本科选择开设适当的英语课程。英语I为公共英语课程的预备阶段，专科应达到英语II的要求， 本科应达到英语III的要求。
英语课程在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力。
英语II的基本要求为：
通过本阶段学习的学生应能掌握2,800左右的常用词汇（包括英语I要求掌握的1,600词）以及相关的常用词组；能够掌握并正确运用基本的语法知识；能够听懂日常生活中发音清楚、语速较慢的简短对话或陈述，并能用英语进行简短的日常交谈；能够阅读中等难度的一般题材的简短英文文字材料，理解正确，并能够读懂通用的简短实用文字材料，如通知、介绍和广告等；能够写简短的应用文，如日记、信函、通知等。
三、教学内容与安排
英语II总学时为108学时，6个学分，分2个学期开设，每学期54学时， 3个学分。
本课程的教学内容在选材上应注重语言材料的真实性， 贴近生活， 富有时代气息， 能够学以致用； 内容集知识性、趣味性与思想性为一体。（详见附录）
四、媒体使用与教学过程建议
英语课程的教学媒体设计既要按照英语教学的自身规律，又要考虑不同教 学媒体的特点，努力使两者做到有机的结合。
文字教材和录音带是本课程教学内容的主要载体。文字教材的编写要便于学生自主学习，注意学习能力和学习策略的培养，充分考虑成人业余学习的特点。录音带的主要作用是训练和提高学生的听说能力，其内容设计要结合文字教材，为学生提供有声的语言，同时要着意设计能够帮助实现听说教学要求的练习活动。
录像/电视课是本课程的重要教学媒体，在较为系统地讲授并操练语言基础知识和技能的同时，要注意发挥电视声像结合的优势，为学生展现语言在真实环
1 境中的使用并提供一定的文化背景知识。录像/电视课应为学生接触真实、地道的英语语言提供条件，并能激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
计算机辅助学习课件和计算机网络为英语学习提供了更为丰富的语言素材和教学资源。本课程应积极开发此类交互性强的现代教学媒体，并充分利用学习小组、讲座、英语角、多种媒体自学中心等，在学习过程中为学生提供良好的语言学习环境和支持服务。
英语是实践性很强的课程，学习过程本身就是语言能力不断提高的过程。本课程以学生利用多种媒体教学资源自主学习为主，辅之以面授辅导课。辅导课除讲解重点、难点和答疑外，应开展一些语言技能的训练，尽量为学生提供口头交流的机会。
五、测试
测试是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教 学反馈信息的主要来源之一，是改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程在考核学生的英语语言基础知识的同时，应着重考核学生实际运用语言的能力。
本课程的测试由形成性考核和课程终结考试两部分组成，形成性考核占总 成绩的30%，课程终结考试占70%。形成性考核内容和方式严格按照“开放英语（1）形成性考核及学习档案”的具体要求执行。课程终结考试包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能，按照各学期的“英语课程考核说明”命题。
六、教学中需注意的问题
1、成人高等教育培养的是应用型专门人才，英语课程教学不仅应注重打好语言基础，更要注意培养实际应用语言的能力， 在传授语言、文化知识的同时， 注意思想、文化素质的培养。
2、重视语言学习的规律，正确处理读、听、写、说之间的关系，确保各项语言能力协调发展。尤其要注意在开始阶段加强听说能力的培养，克服成人羞于开口的心理障碍。可以利用录音带等媒体手段设计一些跟读、朗读或自录音的活动，鼓励学生开口说英语。
3、英语课程应有助于学生开阔视野，扩大知识面，加强对世界的了解，进一步提高文化素养。在教学中要注意文化和语言之间的密切的联系，因为文化背景知识的学习有助于促进语言应用能力的提高。
4、英语课程教学大纲中的分阶段实施教学的设计使分类教学成为可能，各专业可根据专业培养要求和学生的实际水平选择开设不同层次的课程。对于英语水平距离专业基本要求相差较远的学生，应在学习必修的英语课程之前利用较低层次的课程进行补课。
5、电大教育的特点是“成人、业余、实用”。在教学中应该充分发挥成人理解力、逻辑思维能力强，有一定的本族语基础和文化背景知识的优势，同时注意克服成人学习外语的不利因素，如模仿力较差、母语的干扰、怕开口等。成人学生大多是从业人员，工学矛盾突出，自学时间难以保证，但是他们的学习动机明确，积极性高。因此，在编写教材和教学辅导中应充分考虑到这些特点，如在选择教学内容时应本着“实用为主，够用为度”的原则，在教学中应讲究方法，注意复习巩固，充分调动成人学习的有利因素，帮助学生选择适合自己的学习方法，养成良好的学习习惯，提高自学的能力。
2 附录一 功能意念表
1． 友好往来
（1）问候
Hello/Hi.
（2）告辞
（3）告别
（4）介绍
（5）感谢和应答
（6）祝愿和祝贺
(7) 道歉和应答
Good morning/afternoon/evening, etc.
I\'m afraid I must be going now.I think it\'s time for us to leave now.I\'ve really got to go now.It\'s time I went home.
Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.Good night.
See you tomorrow.
A.This is Tom (and this is Amy).I\'d like you to meet Mary.
May I introduce (you to) Mr./Mrs./ Mi/Ms.Smith? ②B.How do you do? Glad to meet you.
Nice meeting you, Fred.③
A.Thank you (very much).(Many ) thanks.
I\'m really grateful to you for your help.③ B.Not at all.
You\'re welcome.Don\'t mention it.That\'s all right.
A.Good luck!
Best wishes for your holiday.Have a good time.
Please give my best wishes to Linda.Please remember me to your family.③ B.Congratulations (on your succe).②
A.Sorry.
Excuse me.B.Never mind.It doesn\'t matter.That\'s nothing.
3
（8）邀请和应答
（9）提议、接受和谢绝
（10）开始和结束谈话③
2.交流补救
（1）请求重复和解释
（2）定义③
（3）确认理解③
（4）犹豫③
（5）更正③
（6）补充③
（7）插话③
3．态度
（1）意愿
（2）希望
A.Come in and have a cup of tea.What about having a drink? Would you like some ice cream? B.Thank you (very much).Yes, I\'d love to.
That\'s very kind of you, (but I\'m on a diet).③
A.Can I help you?
Is there anything I can do for you? Shall I carry the box for you? B.Yes, please.
No, thank you (just the same).
That\'s very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.③
Nice day, isn\'t it?
What a lovely day today!
Uh, excuse me, could you repeat it? Could you say that again?
Linguistics may be defined as the science of language.
Got it?
Do you see what I mean?
Let me see.
How can I put it?
What I meant was that we should go on with the work.
In addition, I think we should take the cost into account.
Excuse me.Did you say that the party had to be put off?
I\'m willing/ready to take the job.I will buy a new pair of glaes.
I wish to see you again.
I hope you will get better soon.
I wish I were younger.③
（3）意向
（4）责任
（5）能力
（6）允许
（7）同意和不同意
（8）喜欢和不喜欢
（9）偏爱②
（10）原谅
（11）后悔②
（12）慰问和同情
（13）兴趣
（14）决心
I\'m planning to move somewhere downtown.I feel like taking a hot bath now.
Do I have to finish it today?
Should I look after the baby this evening? Is it neceary for me to clean the room? ③ I\'m afraid you must/will have to stay home.③
I can manage the job without help.
I\'m capable of running a mile in four minutes.③
A.I wonder if I could poibly use your bicycle? B.Sure, go ahead.
C.I\'d rather you didn\'t.③
A.That\'s a good point.
B.I\'m afraid you\'re not quite right.
A.I like English poems very much.She loves doing shopping alone.B.He doesn\'t like wearing his hair long.I don\'t care much for hot food.②
I prefer tea to coffee.
I\'d rather go by train than by plane.
It\'s not your fault.
Please don\'t blame yourself.③
I should have finished my eay earlier.
I\'m so sorry.
Please accept my deep sympathy.②
That\'s quite tempting.② I\'m curious about that.③
She\'s determined to go to Australia.② I insist everybody be here at six sharp.③
Nothing will prevent me from accomplishing the task.③
（15）责怪和批评
（16）抱怨
（17）否定③
（18）让步③
（19）怀疑③
（20）犹豫③
（21）坚持③
（22）忍受③
（23）冷淡③
4.可能程度
（1）肯定和不肯定
（2）可能和不可能
（3）预测
（4）猜测和相信
（5）看似、好象③
You are late again.②
Why didn\'t you tell me the truth? ② You shouldn\'t have done that.③
I hate to have to say this, but it\'s too noisy here.②
I don\'t think you are right.
Even so/But it\'s still a fact.
I doubt if we can finish it on time.I suspect the truth of her statement.
Well, let me see.
But you know that she\'s innocent.
Well, we just have to accept that sort of thing.
I don\'t care what you do.It doesn\'t matter to me.
I\'m not quite sure whether it will rain today.I doubt if he knows the truth.② to be sure/certain of ③
It is poible that he is out.
It is unlikely that he should be at home.②
It will be fine tomorrow.
I gue that he has got it.He must have read it before.We all believe that you are right.
He seems to be ignorant about it.She appears to be unwilling to go.It looks as if he knew a lot about it.
6 5.情感
（1）惊奇
（2）满意和高兴
（3）愤怒或恼怒
（4）悲伤
（5）愿望
（6）悔恨和失望
（7）需求
（8）焦虑
（9）加重感情色彩
（10）担心和挂念③
（11）害怕③
（12）期望③ （13）赞赏③
What a surprise!
I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.
It is well done.
I\'m pleased to know that.How wonderful!
Isn\'t it annoying/irritating! What a stupid idiot! ②
Oh, no! How could this happen to me? I can\'t take much more of this.
I wish I were young again.
Oh, what a pity /shame! That\'s too bad.
I need your help.
I want you to read this report.
I\'m so anxious about my job.③
She is rather worried about his health.
What a wonderful day! ② Thank you ever so much.② It is far, far too expensive.③
I\'m so worried about you.
She is anxious to know the result.
Don\'t be afraid.
I was frightened to death when a tall man ran towards me.
I\'m expecting a call.
What a marvelous play! I like your haircut.
7 6.告戒
（1）提醒
（2）请求
（3）建议
（4）推荐
（5）指导
（6）警告
（7）劝说
（8）命令
（9）禁止
（10）许诺③
7.时间
（1）时刻
（2）时段 （3）频度
Make sure you\'ll be there on time.Don\'t forget about your study.
Will you do me a favour?
Would you mind helping me with the desk? ③
You\'d better take an umbrella.I\'d rather you did it again.② Why don\'t you have a try? Let\'s take a short break.Shall we start now?
I recommend this book.
The first thing you have to do is open the cover, and then don\'t forget to pre the button \'ON\'.
Be careful! Take care!
If you don\'t do it properly, I\'ll make you do it again.
Don\'t you think it would be better to leave right now?
Be quiet.
Don\'t shout in the corridor.
You can\'t smoke here.
You are not allowed to smoke here.
I will pay you back next time.
I give you my word that the goods will arrive on time.
She gets up at 7:00 every morning.The school will begin in September.
The concert lasted two hours.
His father will stay in Paris for five years.
He should take the medicine twice a day.
8
（4）时序
（5）速度
（6）同时
（7）持续
8.存在
（1）存在和不存在
(2)有和没有
9.空间描述
（1）位置
（2）方向
（3）动向
（4）距离
（5）体积③
10.数量
She usually wrote home every other week.②
The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.
The students can read English at the speed of 200 words per minute.③
Strike while the iron is hot.③
The profeor has been teaching at the university for over thirty years.③
Air exists nearly everywhere.
There is not a soul in the room.②
The people in this country enjoy free medical care.The factory ran out of raw material.②
He sits at the back of the room.
The lab lies in the center of the university.②
The post office is two blocks straight ahead.Turn left at the corner and go straightforward.
The train is leaving for Beijing.towards; from
The school is within walking distance.
The two rooms are of the same size.
The swimming pool is 25 metres in width, 50 metres in length and 2 metres in depth.
9
（1）数
（2）量
（3）足量和不足量③
（4）过量
11．质
（1）形状
（2）颜色
（3）材料
（4）感觉③
（5）质地③
（6）价值③
（7）自然状况③
12.方法和手段
13.功用
There are twenty students in the cla.
She has collected a great number of foreign stamps.There was a great amount of rain last month.
They have ample food and clothing.The pot plant died from want of water.
The shirt is too large for Tom to wear.
It is a U-shaped road.
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
The box is made of wood.
The blind man has to feel his way forward.He has no sense of music.
The silk feels very smooth.
A peasant woman found a pricele stone in her land.
I don\'t feel well, just because of the jet-lag.
The sheets are usually folded in this way.② He decided to treat the patient surgically.③
The dumb can make themselves understood by means of gestures.③
The knife is used to cut things.
The computer performs an important function in modern society.
10 14.立论
（1）例证
（2）概括
（3）推论
（4）结论
（5）阐明
15.计算和测量③
（1）基础运算
（2）倍数和百分比
（3）增加和减少
（4）基础测量
（长、宽等）
（5）近似值
（6）平均值
（7）比率和比例
（8）最大值和最小值
The language skills, for example, speaking and writing, need to be practised.
This relationship can be exemplified by the following graph.namely; as follows
Generally speaking, job chances are much better for manual workers than for office workers.
It is argued that books will no longer be neceary after each family owns a computer.
To sum up, it is no easy job to learn a foreign language.all in all; in conclusion; to conclude by saying…
It means you mustn\'t overtake.
If you multiply 3 by 4, you get 12.
In this school, men constitute only 40% of the teaching staff.This book is twice as thick as that one.
The export increased in volumn by 10 percent over last year.There is a sharp drop of birth rate in this area.
The table is four feet in length.
The garden measures forty feet acro.
about; approximately
On the average, the author writes two books a year.to have an average of
16 to 8 is in ratio of 2 to 1.
The proportion of A to B is X to Y.
The train has the maximum speed of 250 miles per hour.The minimum number of students in each room will be five.
11 （9）估计
16．结构③
（1）部分和整体
（2）部分之间的联系
17．关系③
（1）行为中和事物中的联系
（2）对比关系
（3）比较关系
（4）所属关系
（5）逻辑关系
（6）分类
The estimated quantity of rice per acre is 5 tons.It is estimated that the work will take three months.
The committee comprises nine profeors.Our cla consists of 40 students.
The staircase leads to the balcony.
They showed sympathy to the child.
These facts are known by all the schoolteachers.
on the one hand… on the other hand…; in spite of; on the contrary
He speaks English as well as she does.He is the slower of the two children.
That is the most wonderful play I have ever seen.
her promotion; a woman\'s college
As it was raining hard, we didn\'t go out yesterday.
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead.
Though it was already midnight, he went on working.He failed the exam as a result of bad preparation.
English can be further divided into several sub-varieties.
附录二 语法项目表
1、词类 （1）名词 （2）形容词 （3）副词 （4）动词 （5）代词 （6）冠词 （7）数词 （8）介词 （9）连词
(10) 惊叹词
2、名词
（1）可数和不可数名词 （2）名词的复数形式 （3）专有名词 （4）所有格
3、代词
（1）人称代词 （2）物主代词 （3）反身代词 （4）指示代词 （5）不定代词 （6）疑问代词 （7）关系代词
4、数词
（1）基数词 （2）序数词 （3）分数③ （4）小数③ （5）百分比③
5、介词
6、连词
7、形容词
13 （1）形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语 （2）比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级
8、副词
（1）功能：表示时间、地点、方式、程度、关系等 （2）比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级
9、冠词
10、动词
（1）基本形式
A． 现在时 B． 过去时 C． 过去分词 D． -ing形式
（2）行为动词的及物性和不及物性
（3）系动词：be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become等（4）助动词：be, do, have, shall, will等
（5）情态动词：can, may, must, ought to, need, dare等 （6）时态
A． 一般现在时 B． 一般过去时 C． 一般将来时 D． 现在进行时 E． 现在完成时 F． 过去进行时② G． 将来进行时 H． 将来完成时② I． 一般过去将来时③ J． 现在完成进行时③ K． 过去完成进行时③ L． 过去完成时② （7）被动语态
A．被动语态的不同时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时② 现在进行时② 现在完成时② 过去进行时② 过去完成时② 将来完成时③ 一般过去将来时③
过去将来完成时③ B．带情态动词的被动语态
（8）动词的非谓语形式
A．不定式 作主语 作宾语
作宾语补足语 作状语 作定语② 作表语②
在复合结构中③
完成式、进行式和完成进行式③ 被动形式③ B．动词的-ed 形式②
作定语 作表语
作宾语补足语 作状语
C． 动词的-ing形式②
作主语 作宾语
作宾语补足语 作表语 作定语 作状语
在复合结构中③
完成形式和被动形式③
（9）虚拟语气③
11、句子
（1）句子的成分 （2）句子的种类
（3）简单句的基本句型 （4）并列句 （5）复合句
名词性从句②（宾语从句1） 状语从句 定语从句② （6）倒装句② （7）省略句② （8）强调句③ （9）插入语③
12、标点符号
13、构词法
（1）转化 （2）合成 （3）派生
A．常用前缀
表示“否定”：non-, un-, in-, dis-, im-③ 表示“再次”re- 表示“互相”：inter-③ 表示“中间”：mid-③ 表示“错误地”：mis-③ 表示“上，过度”：over-③ 表示“下，低于”：under-③ 表示“小”：mini-③ 表示“多”：multi-③ B．常用后缀
名词后缀：-er, -tion, -ese, -ist, -ing, -ment, -ne, -ian②, -or③, -ion③, -ation③, -ence③, -hood③, -ity③ 动词后缀：-ify, -ize, -ise, -en
形容词后缀：-able, -ful, -y, -ive②, -al②, -an②, -ible③, -ic③, -ical③, -le③, -ous③ 副词后缀：-ly
数词后缀：-teen, -ty, -th
16 附录三 语言技能表
1、听力
(1) 理解主旨要义；
(2) 获取事实性的具体信息；
(3) 理解明确表达的概念性含义；③ (4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申；③ （1）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。②
2、阅读
（1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息；
（3）根据上下文推测生词词义；
（4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；③ （5）理解文中的概念性含义；③
（6）理解文章的结构及单句之间、段落之间的关系；② （7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；② （8）区分观点、论点和论据。③
3、写作
（1）用准确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达； （2）遵循文章的一般文体格式；③ （3）合理组织文章内容；③
（4）考虑读者的情况和写作的目的，较具针对性地写作。
4、口语
（1）使用简单的单词、短语、句型组成句子； （2）恰当地运用已知的或固定的词组；
（3）积极地交流，并能用简单的补救措施解决交流的困难。②
附录四 交际话题 个人情况、人物， 家庭， 环境， 日常生活， 食物和饮料， 业余活动（运动、晚会等）， 教育， 科普， 假日， 购物， 健康和保健， 天气和气候， 地点， 旅行， 服务 （宾馆， 邮局）， 社会关系
