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新概念英语第二册第八课教案

发布时间:2020-03-03 20:48:23 来源:范文大全 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

Leon 8 The Best and the Worst

本课语法重点:形容词和副词的比较等级

1.competition: n.比赛

There will be a che competition next week.下个星期有一场国际象棋比赛。

We sent in two pictures for the competition.我们送去2幅画参赛。 竞争

There is keen competition between the two motorcar firms.两家汽车公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。习惯用语:

be in competition with sb.for 为...和(某人)竞争 2.neat: adj.整洁的; 爱整洁的

Cats are neat animals.猫是爱整洁的动物。 利索的, 简洁的

She gave a neat answer.她作了简明的回答。 (酒)纯的, 不掺水的

I like my whiskey neat.我喜欢喝纯威士忌酒。 3.path: n.小路, 小径

The path was completely covered by snow.小路上覆盖着雪。 路线, 途径, 路径, 轨迹

the path to peace 和平之道

Keep to the path or you may lose your way.沿着这条路走, 否则你会迷路的。

His path through life was hard.他一生坎坷。 4.wooden: adj.木制的, 木头的

The room was full of wooden furniture.房间里摆满了木制家具。 僵硬的, 呆笨的

a wooden face 无表情的面容

a wooden smile 呆板的笑容

She gave the stranger a wooden stare.她呆头呆脑地瞧着那个陌生人。 5.pool: 水池

The pool is dangerous and should be fenced off.这个水池很危险, 应该用栅栏围起来。 (液体等的)一滩, 一片

The body was lying in a pool of blood.尸体躺在血泊中。

Notes to the text 1.Nearly everybody enters for„The Nicest Garden Competition‟each year, but Joe wins every time.几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”,而每次都是乔获胜。 (1) nearly: adv.几乎, 接近, 差不多

escape nearly 九死一生, 仅以生免

The boy nearly fell into the river.那男孩险些跌入河中。

比较:nearly和almost:(1) 意义相似,表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思:

I'm nearly/ almost ready.我快准备好了。

I have nearly forgotten his name.我差点把他的名字忘了。

He nearly mied the train.他差点没赶上火车。 (2) 当要表示“接近”或“就要到了”时最好用nearly;当想表达“不足”或“尚差一点儿”时最好用almost

I had nearly reached town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English? " 我几乎就要到达城镇了,这时那位年轻人突然非常慢地说道:“你会说英语吗?”

The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.那球重重地打在他身上,他几乎掉下水去。

He's only forty-one years old, and he has already been to nearly every country in the world. 他只有41岁,而他几乎已经到过世界上一切国家。

The rooms are almost clean.各房间大致清洁。

(3) 句中有no, none, nothing, never等词时,不可以用nearly,但可以用almost

The speaker said almost nothing worth listening to.那位演说人几乎没有说出什么值得听的东西。

(2) enter 1) vt.,vi.进入:

Joe entered the room quietly.乔悄悄地走进了房间。

Always knock on the door before you enter.进入前要先敲门。

2) vt.,vi.参加,加入:

We've entered into an agreement.我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation.他很快便加入了他们的谈话。 3) enter for是“报名参加”的意思:

She entered (her name/ herself) for the mathematics competition.她报名参加数学竞赛。 He entered his son for the English examination.他让儿子参加英语考试。

(3) every 构成的合成词

every和one, body, thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone, everybody和everything。它们一般都写成一个词。everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用,后面的代词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,但它们本身均被视为单数:

Everyone/ Everybody knows what he has to do.每一个人都知道自己必须做什么。 Everyone/ Everybody knows what they have to do.每个人都知道自己必须做什么。 Everything is going well.一切都很顺利。

与every一样可以构成这类合成词的单词还有some, any和no。 (4) each和every均可译为“每一个”,二者常常可以互相代替使用:

Every/ Each time I wash the car it rains.每次我擦洗汽车,天总是下雨。 但是each更强调个体。它常用以指一个确定的并通常是有限的数目:

Each child in the school was questioned.学校里的每个孩子都被询问过了。 every却不那么强调个体,常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目:

Every child enjoys Christmas.所有的/每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。 另外,each既可以作形容词又可以作代词,但every只能作形容词: They each have a share.他们每人都有一份。

Each of us has his own work to do.我们每个人都有自己的工作要干。 2.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.比尔·弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大。

名词加-'s表示所属关系,构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西,特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词,限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略,只要不引起误解:

This is Mary's boy friend, not Jane's.这是玛丽的男朋友,不是简的。

My pen is lost.This one is my brother's.我的钢笔丢了。这枝是我兄弟的。

John's handwriting is better than Mary's and Catherine's.约翰的书法比玛丽的和凯瑟琳的都要好。

3.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.他修筑了一条条整洁的小路,并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。

make和build在这里是同义词,都可以解释为“修建”、“建造”。与汉语的写作习惯一样,用英语写作时同一段文字中尤其是在同一句话中应尽量避免使用重复的词,以使文章显得生动(特殊的修辞手法例外)。

make和build之间的区别主要是:make的词义比较笼统、广泛,可以解释为“做”、“作出”、“制造”等,而build的意义主要限于建筑业,指“建造”、“建设”、“盖房子”、“修筑(桥梁等)”: They have built a new house.他们盖了一座新房子。

They have made a road along the river.他们沿这条河筑了一条路。 Have you made the skirt by yourself? 这裙子是你自己做的吗?

4.Every year I enter for the garden competition, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town.win: (1) 获胜,赢

He wants to win a trip to Europe, but he will be happy if he wins a new bicycle.他想得到一个去欧洲的旅游奖, 但是如果他能得到一辆新自行车, 他会非常高兴。 Our team won with a score of 3:0.我们队以三比零获胜。 (2) 说服

We have won them over to our side.我们把他们争取过来了。 You've won me.你说服了我。 (3) 经历艰辛而成功

He has won through.他终于成功了。

经典用法:win a prize [scholarship] 获得奖品[奖学金]

win a wide support 得到广泛支持

win a reputation 获得名声

win a victory 赢得胜利

win a battle [match] 赢得战争[比赛]

win a lady (=win a lady's hand) 得到某一女人的欢心, 而与她结婚

win honour for 为...争光

win one's way 排除困难 [障碍] 前进

语法 Grammar in use 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

在英语中形容词和副词一般可以有比较级和最高级。比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型,最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。 (1) 比较级和最高级的构成

单音节词和少数双音节词(如以辅音+-y结尾的词)在词尾加-er, -est,

以辅音+-y结尾的词要先将-y变成-i,再在词尾加上-er, -est: hard----harder----hardest

small----smaller----smallest

3 young----younger----youngest

clean----cleaner----cleanest busy----busier----busiest

以-e结尾的词加-r和-st: large----larger----largest

nice----nicer----nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,然后再加-er, -ext: big----bigger----biggest

thin----thinner----thinnest

有一些双音节词在构成比较级和最高级形式时,既可以在单词结尾处加-er和-est,也可与more/ le和most/ least连用。如narrow, clever, common, pleasant 等。但如无把握时,双音节词用more和most则较为可靠。两个音节以上的单词如下: interesting----more

interesting----most interesting

有些形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成并不规则

good/ well----better----best

bad/ ill----worse----worst many/ much----more----most

little----le----least old----older/ elder----oldest/ eldest far----farther/ further----farthest/ furthest

(2) 在使用比较级时,如果需要把所比较的两项都提到,那么就必须在比较级后用than: I know him better than you do.我比你更了解他。

Jane's hair is darker than Mary's.简的头发比玛丽的黑。

My room is cleaner than the one next door.我的房间比隔壁房间干净。

如果比较级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在:

(3) 最高级的限定范围一般用of, among, in等介词短语:

John is the tallest of the three brothers.这3个兄弟中约翰个子最高。 This is the coldest day in ten years.这是10年来最冷的一天。

限定范围也可以是从句:

Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.玛丽是我所遇到的最聪明的人。

如果范围很清楚,则可以省略:

April is the best season.4月是最好的季节。(暗含范围“一年中”)

He is always the best.他总是最优秀的。(暗含范围“在我们当中”)

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