学海扬帆，奥风助航!
第2讲
第2篇
1.empower vt.使（某人）有更多的权力做某事；正式授权
[用法点睛]： empower sb.to do赋予某人做某事的权力
be empowered to do sth.有权力做某事；被赋予做某事的权力
如：The first thing in empowering the poor is making sure they vote.扩大穷人权力的第一件事就是确保他们有选举权。
The new laws empowered the police to stop anybody in the steet.
新法赋予警察在街上阻拦任何人的权利。
When were women empowered to vote in this country? 在这个国家，妇女是何时被赋予选举权的？
2.motivate vt.激发；促使；成为（某人做某事的）动机
[用法点睛]：motivate sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事；构成某人做某事的动机 如：We may never know what motivated him to kill his wife.我们可能永远不知道是什么促使他杀了他的妻子。
He motivated the students to work hard.他激励学生努力学习。 [同根词]：motivation n.[C U] 动机；诱因 3.development n.[U] 发展；发育；显影
[同根词]：
① develop vt.vi.发展；生长；开发（土地等资源）；冲洗（胶卷） [用法点睛]： develop into 发展成为
develop from由……发展而来
如：The child is developing well.这孩子发育良好。
Chicago developed into a big city in the late 1800s.芝加哥在19世纪晚期发展成为一座大城市。
It’s hard to believe that a tree can develop from a small seed.很难相信一棵树竟然是从一粒渺小的种子长成。 ② developing adj.发展中的 ③ developed adj.发达的
如： The United States is a developed country while China is a developing country.
美国是发达国家，而中国是发展中国家。
[高考链接] As the story___________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A.begins
B.happens
C.ends
D.develops [答案解析] D 本句意为“随着故事的发展，关于奇怪人物的真相慢慢被发掘出来”。begin开始；happen发生；end结束
4.closely adv.紧密地；密切地；接近地
如：You resemble your mother very closely.你和你的妈妈很像。 resemble vt.相似
[同根词]：close adj.近的；靠近的；（关系）密切的；亲密的；adv.位置近地；vt.vi.关；关闭；停止营业
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学海扬帆，奥风助航! [高考例句] I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said \"Ni Hao,\" just as I might do in China.我走地足够近时，听到他们正在说汉语，就说“你好！”，就像我在中国可能会做的一样。 [辨析] closely adv.紧密地；密切地；接近地
close adv.位置近地
如：Political activity is closely controlled.政治活动受到严密的控制。
English and German are closely related.英语和德语关系很密切。
Come a little closer, so you can see better.走近点，以便于能看得更清楚。 When he saw Mary, he came close to her.当他看到玛丽时，就走近她。 [短语] come close to (doing sth.)几乎要做某事 如：He came close to falling down.他几乎摔倒。 5.hang
① vt.vi.（hung, hung）悬挂；吊
[短语] hang on （打电话时）不挂断；等待片刻
hang out with sb.常与某人一起玩
如：She hung the clothes on the washing line.她把衣服挂在晾衣绳上。
There was a family photo hanging on the wall.墙上有幅家庭照片。
I don’t really know who she hangs out with.我真地不清楚她经常和谁一起玩。 ② vt.(hanged, hanged)绞死，吊死（某人）
如：He was hanged for murder.他因为谋杀被绞死了。 6.identify vt.确认；证明（某人身份）；认为某物与另一物等同
[用法点睛] identify sb./sth.as sb./sth.确认某人为……；确认某物为……
identify sth.with sth.认为某物与某物相同 identify with sb.认同某人；同情某人
如：He was too far away to be able to identify faces.离地太远，他无法看清面目。
The police identified the gunman as a middle-aged man.警察确认枪手是一个中年男人。 One can not identify happine with wealth.一个人不能将幸福与财富划等号。 I found it hard to identify with any of the roles in the film. 我发现很难认同这部电影中的任何角色。
[同根词]：identity
n.[C U] 身份；特性；同一性；一致
identification n.[U] 鉴别；识别 ID card=identity/identification card 7.raise vt.举起；使升高；饲养；养育；筹款；募捐
如：William raised his hat and smiled at her.威廉举起他的帽子，向她微笑。
Many shops have raised their prices.很多商店提高了价格。
Stan’s dad died, leaving his mother to raise three sons alone.斯坦的父亲去世了，留下他妈妈独自抚养三个孩子。
They hope to raise $1 million to buy land.他们希望能筹集到一百万美元买地。 He did not raise the question again.他没有再提那个问题。 [比较] rise vi.(rose, risen) 升起；上升；站起；起床 如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
Then she picked up her bag and rose to leave.然后她拿起包，起身离开。
House prices in this area rose from 3,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan per square meters, but now they are falling.这个地区的房价曾从每平3000元涨到30000元，但现在正在跌。
Sales rose by 20% over the Christmas period.销售额在圣诞期间增长了20%。 8.allow vt.准许；允许
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学海扬帆，奥风助航! [用法点睛] allow doing 允许做某事
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow sb.sth./allow sth.to sb.允许某人（拥有）某物 allow for将……考虑在内
如：We don’t allow smoking in our house.我们不允许在房间里抽烟。 The bo doesn’t allow him to use the phone.老板不允许他用电话。
Allow yourselves plenty of time to get to the airport.给你自己留出去机场的足够时间。 It will take us half an hour to get the station, allowing for traffic delay.考虑到路上耽搁，去车站要花我们半小时的时间。 9.direct
① vt.指路；指导；引导；指挥；导演
如：He directed me to a hotel near the airport.他指引我到机场附近的一家旅馆。 The guide direct our attention to the other picture.导游将我们的注意力引向另一幅画。 She directed a group of workers.她指挥一群工人。
The movie was directed by Feng Xiaogang.那部电影是冯小刚导演的。 ② adj.直接的；直达的
如：I’m not in direct contact with them.我和他没有直接的联系。 Women often feel men are too direct.女士常常感觉男士太直接了。 It’s a direct flight to New York.这是直飞纽约的航班。 [同根词] director n.[C] 指挥者; 导演; 主任; 处长; 董事
direction n.[C U] 方向；方位 self-directed adj.自主（式）的
10.restriction n.[C U] 限制；约束
[同根词]：
① restrict vt.限制；限定
[用法点睛] restrict sth.to 将某物限制在（某程度、数量、水平等） 如：The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.新法限制手枪的销售。
In future we will restrict cla sizes to 20 students.今后我们将把班额限制在20名学生。 He’s restricting himself to two cigarettes a day.他限制自己每天抽两支烟。 ② restricted adj.受限制的；被限定的
如：Pre freedom is restricted in this country.在这个国家新闻自由受到限制。 11.knowledge n.[U]知识；学问；（可与a连用）某门具体的知识
[用法点睛] a knowledge of 某方面的知识 如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
My knowledge of French is poor.我的法语知识贫乏。
You need a knowledge of physics to do this job well.要做好这项工作，你需要物理知识。 12.require vt.需要；要求
[用法点睛] require sb.to do sth.需要/要求某人做某事
require doing.(主语通常为物)需要被
如：The law requires a driver to wear seat belt.法律要求司机系安全带。
[高考例句] Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城前，你要洗车。
The plants require watering. 这些植物需要水。
[同根词]：requirement n.[C] 要求；需要的东西；必要条件 13.engage vt.vi.（文）雇佣；占用（时间）；吸引（注意等）；与（某人）交战
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学海扬帆，奥风助航! [用法点睛] engage sb.to do.雇佣某人做某事
engage sb.as sth.聘用某人担任某职务
engage (sb.) in sth.（使某人）参加或从事某事
如：Her father engaged a tutor to improve her maths.他的父亲请了一位家教提高她的数学。
They engaged her as a guide.他们请她作导游。
Nothing engages his attention for long.没有什么能长期吸引他的注意力。 I have no time to engage in such a thing.我没有时间干这种事。 [同根词]：
① engaged adj.忙着的；（电话）占线的；已订婚的；（座位）预定出的 [用法点睛] be engaged to sb.与某人订婚
② engaging adj.引人注目的；迷人的 ③ engagement n.[C]订婚；约会；交战 14.accord vi.符合；一致
[用法点睛] accord with sth.与……一致、相符
如： The punishments accorded with the new law.惩罚与法律相符。 [短语]：according to 根据
如：According to the police, the thief has been caught.据警方的消息，那个小偷已经被抓住了。
You will be paid according to the amount of work you do.按劳计酬。
15.research n.[U] 调查；研究；(正式情况下常用researches)；vt.vi.调查；研究
[用法点睛] make/do/carry out research into/on sth.对某事进行调查、研究 如：It’s a good idea to do some research before you buy a house.
在买房前做一些研究是个好主意。
They are carrying out some research into the language of dolphins.他们在研究海豚的语言。
16.major adj.较大的；主要的；n.[C] 专业；vi.主修（某课程）
如：There are two major political parties in the US.在美国有两个主要的政党。
What’s your major? 你的专业是什么？
He majored in maths and physics at university.他在大学时主修数学和物理。 17.view n.[C] 景色；风景；视野；观点；见解；vt.观看；仔细看
[用法点睛]： view on/about对于某事的看法
with a view to (doing) sth.怀着某种目的；带着某种打算或计划 in one’s view在某人看来 in view of 鉴于；考虑到
如：We’d like a room with a view of the sea.我们想要一间海景房。 We can enjoy great views from the top of the mountain. 我们从山顶可以享受美妙的风光。
You can have a better view of the city if you sit in the front of the bus.如果坐在公交的前部，你可以更好的欣赏这座城市。
The lake came into view as we turned the corner.当我们拐过弯，那片湖就映入眼帘。 What’s your view on the subject? 你对这个问题有什么看法？
In my view, the country needs a change.在我看来，这个国家需要改变。
In view of the weather, we decided to stay at home.因为天气原因，我们决定呆在家里。 We bought the house with a view to retiring there.我们买下那座房子是想退休后住那儿。
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学海扬帆，奥风助航! [同根词]：① review vt.复习；温习；n.[C] 复习；评论；
② preview vt.预习；试演；预展
18.participate vi.参加；参与
[用法点睛] participate为正式用语，通常与in搭配。
participate in 参与（活动、会议等）
如：Some members refused to participate.一些成员拒绝参与。
Everyone can participate in an election.每个人都能参与选举。
19.skill n.[C U] 技能；技巧
[用法点睛] skill in/at（doing）sth.在（做）某事上的技术/技巧 如：He showed great skill in raising money for the company.他在为公司筹资方面显示出了非凡的技巧。 [同根词]：
skil(l)ful adj.有技巧的；娴熟的
[用法指南] be skillful at (doing) sth.(做)某事很熟练 skilled adj.熟练的；有经验的；（工作）需要技能的 [用法指南] be skilled at (doing) sth.（做）某事有经验的 [辨析]：skillful与skilled ① 表示“有经验的；熟练的”之意时，两者可以互换。 如：a skillful/skilled driver（熟练的司机）
② 表示“需要技能的、技术性的（工作）”时，只能用skilled。 如：a skilled job（一项技术性的工作）
20.report vt.vi.报告；汇报；揭发；n.[C] 报告；汇报
[用法点睛] report (to sb.) on sth.（向某人）汇报某事
report sth./sb.to ( the police)（向警察等机构）报案；举报某人
如：He gave a report on his sales trip to Korea.他就自己的韩国商务旅行做了一个报告。
People’s Daily sent her to Chongqing to report (on) the floods.《人民日报》派她去重庆报道洪水。
Police reported that the road was closed.警方报告说那条路被封了。
He reported the car crash to the police.他向警察报告车祸。
21.public n.(the ~)公众；adj.公开的；公共的
如： The public is/are not allowed to enter the room.公众不允许进入那个房间。 [短语]：in public 当众；公开地
如：Her husband was always nice to her in public.她丈夫在公共场合总是对她很好。 [反] in private 私下地
如：He asked to see her in private.他要求和她私下见面。 22.provide vt.提供；预防
[用法点睛] provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物
provide sb.with sth为某人提供某物
provide against/for sth.预防某事；为某事做准备
如：The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests.旅馆为客户提高擦鞋服务。
The company provided him with a car.公司为他配备了一辆车。
[高考例句] After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.在填完并签名后，请将表格用提供的信封寄回给我们。
The government has to provide against a poible oil shortage in the coming months.政府不得不为未来几个月可能出现的石油短缺做准备。
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学海扬帆，奥风助航! [同根词] provided conj.假如；在……情况下（=provided that=providing that） 如：Provided/Providing (that) we get good weather, it will be a succeful holiday.
如果明天天气好，它就会是一个成功的假期。
23.challenge
① n.[C] 挑战
[用法点睛] the challenge of doing sth.做某事的挑战
iue a challenge发出挑战
face a challenge面临挑战；面对挑战 take on/accept a challenge接受挑战 meet /rise to a challenge迎接挑战
a challenge to sb./sth.对某人/物来说是一个挑战
如：She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜欢自己的工作充满挑战。
Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.减少穷人和富人之间的差距是本届政府面临的主要挑战之一。
The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years.公司做好了迎接未来几年挑战的准备。 ② vt.向某人挑战
[用法点睛] challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑战做某事
challenge sb.to do sth.向某人挑战做某事；要求、激励某人做某事
如：After lunch he challenged me to a game of tennis.午饭后他向我挑战网球。
Every teacher ought to challenge kids to think about what’s happening around us.每个老师都应该激励学生思考我们身边发生的事。
[高考例句] If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果接受了这项工作，他将别无选择只有迎接更大的挑战。
24.manage vt.管理；经营；vt.vi.设法做到；应付
如：Managing a company is harder than you think.管理一家公司比你想像的要困难。
How do you manage to stay so slim?你是如何做到保持这么苗条的？ [高考例句] ---Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr.Johnson? 约翰逊先生，我明天可以请一天假吗？
---Of course.I can manage without you.当然可以。你不在我也可以应付。 [辨析]：manage与try manage to do 设法做成了某事 try to do努力去做，结果未知
如：I finally managed to push the huge animal away.我最后终于将那个巨大的动物推开。
I tried to push the huge animal away, but I failed. 我努力想将那个巨大的动物推开，但是失败了。 [同根词] manager n.[C] 经理；管理人
management n.[U] 经营；管理；[集]管理部门；主管人员
25.relationship n.[C U] 关系；联系
[用法点睛] relationship between A and B A与B之间的关系/联系
relationship of A to/with B A与B之间的关系/联系
如：I have quite a good relationship with my parents.我和父母关系很好。
There is a close relationship between industry and trade.工商业联系密切。
He is studying the relationship of politics to media.他正在研究政治和媒体的关系。 [同根词] relation n.[U] 关系；联系；[C]亲戚
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学海扬帆，奥风助航! [用法点睛]在表示人、团体、国家之间的关系时常用复数形式。 如：Relations between the two countries have improved recently.近来这两个国家的关系有所改善。
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