对外经济贸易大学
2007年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题
考试科目：831会计综合
第一部分：英文试题（共70分）
1．Give a brief explanation for the following terms（9 points）
（1）Useful life；
（2）Revenue expenditure；
（3）Interest·bearing liability；
（4）Conservatism principle；
（5）Working capital；
（6）Direct write-off method．
2．True and false（7 points）
For each of the following statements，write the T or the F to indicate whether the statement is True or False．
（1）The only busine events thin are entered in accounting records are those that can be expreed in monetary terms．
（2）The ledger is sometimes called the book of original entry because it is the accounting record where transactions are，first recorded．
（3）When the direct write-off method is used to recognize un-collectible accounts expense，an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is not required．
（4）Aets wear out more quickly when they are depreciated by all accelerated method．
（5）If capital stock is iued by a corporation at a price higher than par value, the exce amount represents income in the period in which the shares of stocks are iued．
（6）When a corporation presents both‘basic’and‘diluted’earnings per share，the basic earnings per share will be the smaller of the two figures．
（7）Iuing bonds at a discount increases the actual cost of borrowing above the contact rate of interest printed on the bonds．
3．Translate the following statements into Chinese。（8 points）
（1）The-sum-of-the—year’s-digits and fixed-percentage-of-declining-base are the mostfrequently encountered methods of accelerated depreciation．These methodsresult in larger charges to expense in the earlier years of aets use，although little evidence supports the notion that aets actually decline in service potential in the manner suggested by these methods．Advocates contend that accelerated depreciation is preferred to straight-line because as the aets ages，the smaller depreciation charges are aociated with higher maintenance charges．The resulting combined expense pattern provides a better matching against theaociated revenue stream．
（2）The reporting of busine income aumes that all items of revenue and expensesare capable of being measured．One requirement of measurement is that the object or event is capable of being ordered or ranked in respect to some property．Measurement is the aigning of numbers to objects or events according to rules．It is also a proce of comparison in order to obtain more precise information to distinguish one alternative from another in a decision situation．
4．Multiple eh6iee questions（please choose the best one for each of the following questions
（15 points）
（1）Which of the following relationships do you consider of least significant to a stockholder?
A．Net income is greater than the amount of working capital；
B．The return on aets consistently is higher than the industry average；
C．The return on equity has increased in each of the past 3 years；
D．The return on aets is greater than the rate of interest being paid to creditors；
E．None of the above．
（2）if a company’s current ratio declined in a year during which its quick ratio improved，which of the following is the most likely explanation?
A．An increase in inventory；
B．A decrease in inventory；
C．Receivables are being collected more rapidly than in the past；
D．Receivables are being collected more slowly than in the past；
E．None of the above．
（3）The primary purpose of inventory flow aumption is to：
A．Minimize the income taxes；
B．Maximize the reported amount of net income；
C．Parallel the physical flow of units of merchandise；
D．Offset against revenue an appropriate cost of goods．
（4）An item of inventory purchased in 2005 for$30 has been incorrectly written down to current replacement cost of $20．The item is currently selling in 2006 for $50，its normal selling price．Which of the following statements is correct?
A．Income for 2005 is overstated；
B．The cost of sales for 2006 will be overstated；
C．Income for 2006 is overstated；
D．The closing inventory of 2005 is overstated；
E．None of the above．
（5）An investment in trading securities is valued on the balance sheet at the：
A．Cost to acquired the aet；
B．Lower of cost or market price；
C．Fair value；
D．Accumulated income le accumulated dividends since acquisition．
（6）Auming that a company has only one cla of capital stock，a transfer from retained earnings to contributed capital equal to the market value of the share iued is ordinarily a characteristic of：
A．a stock dividend；
B．a stock option；
C．a stock split；
D．a common stock equivalent．
（7）which of the following transactions would result in an increase in the current ratio
if the ratio is presently 2：1？
A．Repaid a 90-day loan；
B．Purchased merchandise on account；
C．liquidated a long-term liability；
D．Received payment of an accounts receivable；
E．None of the above．
（8）in which of the following situations would the largest amount be recorded as an expense of the current period?（Aume accrual basis accounting）
A．$2000 is paid for equipment with a useful life of five years；
B．$800 is paid for a two-year fire insurance policy；
C．$10000 cash dividends ale paid to stockholders；
D．$500 is paid to an attorney for legal services rendered during the current period，
（9）In perpetual inventory system，purchases of merchandise on account are recorded by debiting：
A．Cost of good sold；
B．Accounts payable；
C．Inventory；
D．Purchases．
（10）Before month-end adjustments ale made，the January 3 1 trial balance of ABCCompany contains revenue of$27000 and expenses of $18340、Adjustments are neceary for the following items：
----Depreciation for January, $1440；
----Portion of prepaid rent applicable to January, $3200；
----Fees for service earned in January\"，not yet billed to customer, $1900；
----portion of fees collected in advance earned in January, $2000．
Net income in ABC’s Income Statement of January is：
A．$10340；
B．$17100；
C．$7700；
D．Some other amount．
（11）A liability for deferred income taxes represents：
A．Income taxes already paid on earnings which have not yet been reported in the Company’s income statement；
B．Income taxes on earnings already reported in the income statement，but which will be taxed in future periods；
C．Income tax obligations being disputed with the tax agency；
D．Income taxes levied in prior years which ale now past due；
E．None of the above．
（12）ABC sold a depreciable aet for cash of $25000．The accumulated depreciation of $60000．and lo of $5000 was recognized on the sale Under these circumstances the original cost of the aet must have been：
A．$55000；B．$65000；C．$80000；D．$90000；E．None of these
（13）The term‘paid-in capital’means：
A．All aets other than retained earnings；
B．Legal capital minus retained earnings；
C．Total stockholders’ equity minus retained earnings；
D．Total aets minus total liabilities．
（14）Declaration and distribution of a stock dividend Cause each of the followingeffects except：
A．A decrease in retained earnings；
B．An increase in the number of shares of stock outstanding；
C．A decrease in total aets of the iuing corporation；
D．An increase in legal capital of the iuing corporation．
E．None of the above．
（15）The basic difference between‘lo contingencies’and‘real liabilities’is：
A．liabilities always are recorded in the accounting records；whereas lo contingencies never are；
B．The extent of uncertainty involved；
C．Liabilities can be large in amount，but lo contingencies are immaterial；
D．Liabilities stem from past transactions，whereas lo contingencies stem from future events；
E．None of the above．
5．Translate the following statements from Chinese into English．（14 points）
（1）投资音净收益的概念与主体理沦是相一致的，投资者净收益概念基于其会计方程式的资产等于权益的观点。根据实体理论，债权人与股东都是企业的投资者，收益就是收入减去除利息以外的费用。（7分）
（2）会计估计的变更采用未来适用法，即对以前的财务报表不作调整，估计的变更只影响变更当期；如果会计估计的变更涉及到多个会计期间，则会计估计变更会影响到变更当期和未来期间。会计估计变更对营业收益、非常项目以及相关每股收益的影响都应在变更发生的当年加以披露。（7分）
6．Statement of cash flows（13 points）
An analysis of the 2006 financial statements of ABC Company reveals the
following information：
（1）Account payable to suppliers of merchandise decreased by $40000 during 2006；
（2）A machine which had cost of $800000 and accumulated depreciation of $620000, was sold in 2006 for $300000 cash;
（3）Dividends of$120000 were declared in November 2006，to be paid in January
（4）Dividends of$105000，declared in November 2005，were paid in January 2006；
（5）Inventory levels increased by$76000 during 2006；
（6）Depreciation expenses for 2006 amounted to$39000；
（7）Net income for 2006 was $630000；
（8）Investment income of $65000 from all equity investment was recognized（usingequity method）for 2006，and cash dividend of $10000 was received from the equityinvestment in 2006．
Required：
Using only the above information，prepare the section of Cash flows from operating activities on the Statement of Cash Flows of 2006 for ABC Company（Use indirect method，list each component of cash flows from operating activities）．
7．Long-term liabilities（4 points）
Several years ago，OPX Company iued $10 million of 20-year，11％ bonds payable at small premium．Since the bond iued，OPX’s financial strength and credit rating have actually
improved，but today the bonds ale trading among investors at a price of Required：
（1）Explain the most probable reason why the market price of these bonds had declined，even though OPX’s credit rating has improved．
（2）How will the drop in the market value of these bonds be reported（if at a11）in OPX’s income statement and balance sheet? Explain．
第二部分：中文试题（共80分）
一、解释下列名词或术语（每小题2分，共10分）
1．权责发生制（应计制）
2．权益法
3．企业会计准则
4．净现值
5．资本成本
二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）
1．在财务会计以成本法进行业务处理条件下，在企业确认投资收益时，应该借心：_______________、货记：_______________。
2．在财务管理中，企业的资本结构是指_______________。
3．财务管理主要包括三方面的内容，包括_______________、_______________和_______________。
4．在财务管理和管理会计中，均会涉及长期投资决策问题。评价长期投资决策时的未来“效益”不再是利润，而是_______________。
5．资产负债率是指_______________。
6．在财务会计的利润表中，毛利是指_______________。而在管理会计中，则强调边际贡献（或贡献边际）。贡献边际是指_______________。
三、问答题（每题8分，共32分）
1．请说明客观性原则和历史成本原则的基本含义，并着重分析历史成本原则条件下的财务会计信息对信息使用者可能产生的影响。
2．全面预算的编制方法有哪些?如何看待全面预算管理对企业管理的重要作用？
3．请说明标准成本制的主要内容。如何认识有利差异和不利差异中所包含的管理信息?
4．常用的财务比率有哪些（说出本试卷已经出现的比率以外的其他4个比率即可）?运用比率分析时应注意哪些问题?
四、综合分析题（28分）
某股评人士说：应特别关注上市公司利润的质量，尤其是当上市公司的每股收益和每股经营活动的现金净流量基本相等时，企业利润质量是好的？
1．怎样认识现金流量的质量?质量良好的现金流量有哪些特征?（7分）
2．自己设计二至三个连续的业务，使该几项业务影响利润表、资产负债表和现金流量表。分析指出每项业务对三张报表具体项目的影响情况（提示：例如，从银行贷款2000万元的业务，贷款期限为3个月。此项业务
对报表项目的影响：资产负债表的“货币资金”和“短期借款”项目分别增加2000万元，现金流量表中“取得贷款收到的现金”增加2000万元。本业务对利润表无影响）（6分）
3．分析经营活动现金净流量对哪些决策有重要意义?（6分）
4．评价本题开始时某股评人士关于现金流量的认识。（4分）
5．分析导致企业营业利润较高，但其经营活动产生的现金流量净额较低的可能原因。（5分）
