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罗斯福演讲(精选多篇)

发布时间:2022-05-24 09:01:15 来源:演讲稿 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

推荐第1篇:罗斯福就职演讲

罗斯福就职演讲 胡佛总统,首席法官先生,朋友们: 今天,对我们的国家来说,是一个神圣的日子.我肯定,同胞们都期待我在 就任总统时,会像我国目前形势所要求的那样,坦率而果断地向他们讲话.现在 正是坦白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻.我们不必畏首畏尾,不 老老实实面对我国今天的情况.这个伟大的国家会一如既往地坚持下去,它会复 兴和繁荣起来.因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一不得不害怕的就是 害怕本身--一种莫名其妙、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它把人转退为进所需 的种种努力化为泡影.凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得 到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件.我相信,在目前危 急时刻,大家会再次给予同样的支持. 我和你们都要以这种精神,来面对我们共同的困难.感谢上帝,这些困难只 是物质方面的.价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了;我们的支付能力下降了; 各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺;交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结;工业企业 枯萎的落叶到处可见; 农场主的产品找不到销路; 千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流. 更重要的是,大批失业公民正面临严峻的生存问题,还有大批公民正以艰辛 的劳动换取微薄的报酬.只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实. 但是,我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资.我们没有遭到什么蝗虫的灾害.我 们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可 感到欣慰.大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力已使之倍增.富足的情景近在 咫尺,但就在我们见到这种 情景的时候,宽裕的生活却悄然离去.这主要是因 为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经 认定失败了,并撒手不管了.贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径.将受到舆论法 庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵理智的唾弃. 是的,他们是努力过,然而他们用的是一种完全过时的方法.面对信贷的失 败,他们只是提议借出更多的钱.没有了当诱饵引诱 人民追随他们的错误领导 的金钱,他们只得求助于讲道,含泪祈求人民重新给予他们信心.他们只知自我 追求者们的处世规则.他们没有眼光,而没有眼光的人是要灭亡的. 如今,货币兑换商已从我们文明庙宇的高处落荒而逃.我们要以千古不变的 真理来重建这座庙宇. 衡量这重建的尺度是我们体现比金钱利益更高尚的社会价 值的程度. 幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱;幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于创造努 力时

的激情.务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励,而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即 1 逝的利润.如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的天命不是要别人侍 奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的. 认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的, 我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个 人收益为唯一标准,来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念;我们必须制止银行 界和企业界的一种行为,它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行 为.难怪信心在减弱,信心,只有靠诚实、信誉、忠心维护和无私履行职责.而 没有这些,就不可能有信心. 但是,复兴不仅仅只要改变伦理观念.这个国家要求行动起来,现在就行动 起来. 我们最大、最基本的任务是让人民投入工作.只要我信行之以智慧和勇气, 这个问题就可以解决.这可以部分由政府直接征募完成,就象对待临战的紧要关 头一样,但同时,在有了人手的情况下,我们还急需能刺激并重组巨大自然资源 的工程. 我们齐心协力,但必须坦白地承认工业中心的人口失衡,我们必须在全国范 围内重新分配,使土地在最适合的人手中发表挥更大作用. 明确地为提高农产品价值并以此购买城市产品所做的努力, 会有助于任务的 完成.避免许多小家庭业、农场业被取消赎取抵押品的权利的悲剧也有助于任务 的完成. 联邦、各地政府立即行动回应要求降价的呼声, 州、有助于任务的完成. 将 现在常常是分散不经济、不平等的救济活动统一起来有助于任务的完成.对所有 公共交通运输, 通讯及其他涉及公众生活的设施作全国性的计划及监督有助于任 务的完成.许多事情都有助于任务完成,但这些决不包括空谈.我们必须行动, 立即行动. 最后,为了重新开始工作,我们需要两手防御,来抗御旧秩序恶魔卷土从来; 一定要有严格监督银行业、信贷及投资的机制:一定要杜绝投机;一定要有充足 而健康的货币供应. 以上这些,朋友们,就是施政方针.我要在特别会议上敦促新国会给予详细 实施方案,并且,我要向 18 个州请求立即的援助. 通过行动, 我们将予以我们自己一个有秩序的国家大厦, 使收入大于支出. 我 们的国际贸易,虽然很重要,但现在在时间和必要性上,次于对本国健康经济的 建立.我建议,作为可行的策略、首要事务先行.虽然我将不遗余力通过国际经 济重新协调所来恢复国际贸易, 但我认为国内的紧急情况无法等待这重新协调的 完成. 指导这一特别的全国性复苏的基本思想并非狭隘的国家主义. 我首先考虑的 是坚持美国这一整体

体中各部分的相互依赖性--这是对美国式的开拓精神的古老 而永恒的证明的体现. 这才是复苏之路, 是即时之路, 是保证复苏功效持久之路. 2 在国际政策方面,我将使美国采取睦邻友好的政策.做一个决心自重,因此 而尊重邻国的国家.做一个履行义务,尊重与他国协约的国家. 如果我对人民的心情的了解正确的话, 我想我们已认识到了我们从未认识的 问题,我们是互相依存的,我们不可以只索取,我们还必须奉献.我们前进时, 必须象一支训练有素的忠诚的军队,愿意为共同的原则而献身,因为,没有这些 原则,就无法取得进步,领导就不可能得力.我们都已做好准备,并愿意为此原 则献出生命和财产,因为这将使志在建设更美好社会的领导成为可能.我倡议, 为了更伟大的目标,我们所有的人,以一致的职责紧紧团结起来.这是神圣的义 务,非战乱,不停止. 有了这样的誓言,我将毫不犹豫地承担领导伟大人民大军的任务,致力于对 我们普遍问题的强攻.这样的行动,这样的目标,在我们从祖先手中接过的政府 中是可行的.我们的宪法如此简单,实在.它随时可以应付特殊情况,只需对重 点和安排加以修改而不丧失中心思想,正因为如此,我们的宪法体制已自证为是 最有适应性的政治体制.它已应付过巨大的国土扩张、外战、内乱及国际关系所 带来的压力. 而我们还希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等, 能充分地担负前所未有的任 务.但现在前所未有的对紧急行动的需要要求国民暂时丢弃平常生活节奏,紧迫 起来. 让我们正视面前的严峻岁月,怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气,怀着 寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识,怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得 到的问心无愧的满足.我们的目标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安. 我们并不怀疑基本民主制度的未来.合众国人民并没有失败.他们在困难中 表达了自己的委托,即要求采取直接而有力的行动.他们要求有领导的纪律和方 向.他们现在选择了我作为实现他们的愿望的工具.我接受这份厚赠. 在此举国奉献之际,我们谦卑地请求上帝赐福.愿上帝保信我们大家和每一 个人,愿上帝在未来的日子里指引我. 3

推荐第2篇:罗斯福就职演讲

罗斯福全名:富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福(Franklin D.Roosevelt )(1882—1945)18岁时考入哈佛大学,攻读政治,历史和新闻专业,又在哥伦比亚大学攻读法律。后来从政,先后任过纽约州参议员和州长。中年时,他因患 脊髓灰质炎(Poliomyelitis、Polio),双腿瘫痪,只能以轮椅代步。他任美国总统期间,实行新政,维护了美国资本主义制度,领导美国参加世界人民反法西斯战争,并取得胜利。

President Hoover, Mr Chief Justice, my friends: this is a day of national consecration.And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the presidency, I will addre them with a candour and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is pre-eminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me aert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnarrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of Americabroad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time.I can do no le.We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousne of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the aurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the future of eential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.They have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift I take it.In this dedication - in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the bleing of God.May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.

推荐第3篇:罗斯福的就职演讲

first inaugural addre of franklin d.roosevelt saturday, march 4, 1933 i am certain that my fellow americans expect that on my induction into the presidency i will addre them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our nation impels.this is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.this great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.so, first of all, let me aert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--namele, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.in every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankne and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is eential to victory.i am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. more important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return.only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment. true they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition.faced by failure of credit they have proposed only the lending of more money.stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence.they know only the rules of a generation of self-seekers.they have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish. the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.we may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.the measure of the restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit. happine lies not in the mere poeion of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits.these dark days will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves and to our fellow men. recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of succe goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in busine which too often has given to a sacred trust the likene of callous and selfish wrongdoing.small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredne of obligations, on faithful protection, on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live. restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.this nation asks for action, and action now. hand in hand with this we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities.it can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing lo through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms.it can be helped by insistence that the federal, state, and local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced.it can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, and unequal.it can be helped by national planning for and finally, in our progre toward a resumption of work we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other peoples money, and there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency. there are the lines of attack.i shall presently urge upon a new congre in special seion detailed measures for their fulfillment, and i shall seek the immediate aistance of the several states. the basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic.it is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in all parts of the united states--a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the american spirit of the pioneer.it is the way to recovery.it is the immediate way.it is the strongest aurance that the recovery will endure. in the field of world policy i would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor--the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others-- the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors. if i read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize as we have never realized before our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to action in this image and to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors.our constitution is so simple and practical that it is poible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without lo of eential form.that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has produced.it has met every stre of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us.but it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure. but in the event that the congre shall fail to take one of these two courses, and in the event that the national emergency is still critical, i shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me.i shall ask the congre for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis--broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe. for the trust reposed in me i will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time.i can do no le. we face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of the national unity; with the clear consciousne of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean we do not distrust the future of eential democracy.the people of the united states have not failed.in their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.they have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.they have made me the present instrument of their wishes.in the spirit of the gift i take it. 译文:

富兰克林-罗斯福 第一次就职演讲

星期六,1933年3月4日 我肯定,同胞们都期待我在就任总统时,会像我国目前形势所要求的那样,坦率而果断地向他们讲话。现在正是但白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻,我们不必畏首畏尾,不着老实实面对我国今天的情况,这个伟大的国家会一如既住地坚持下去,它会复兴和繁荣起来。因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一下得不害怕的就是害怕本身——一种莫明其妙的、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它会把转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件。我相信,在目前危急时刻,大家会再次给予同样的支持。

我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身

我和你们都要以这种槽神,来面对我们共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难只是物质方面的。价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了,我们的支付能力下降了;各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺;交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结;工业企业枯萎的落叶到处可见;农场主的产品找不到销路;千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流。

更重要的是,大批失业公民正面临严峻的生育问题,还有大批公民正以艰辛的劳动换取微薄的报酬。只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实。但是,我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫灾害。我们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可感到欣慰。大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力已使之倍增。富足的憎景近在咫尺,但就在我们见到这种情景的时候,宽裕的生活却悄然离去。这主要是因为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经认定失败,并撒手不管了,贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径,将受到舆论法庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵和理智的唾弃。

幸福并不在于单纯地占有主钱;幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于创造性努力时的激情。务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励,而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的夭命不是要别人侍奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的。认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个人收益为唯一标准。来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念,我们必须制止银行界和企业界的一种行为,它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行为,难怪信心在减弱,因为增强信心只有靠诚实、荣誉感、神圣的责任感,忠实地加以维护和无私地履行职责,而没有这些,就不可能有信心。 但是,复兴不仅仅要求改变伦理观念。这个国家要求行动起来,现在就行动起来。

根据宪法赋予我的职责、我准备提出一些措施,而一个受灾世界上的受灾国家也许需要这些措施。对于这些措施,以及国会根据本身的经验和智慧可能制订的其他类似措施,我将在宪法赋予我的权限内,设法迅速地予以采纳。

但是,如果国会拒不采纳这两条路线中的一条,如果国家紧急情况依然如故,我将下回避我所面临的明确的尽责方向。我将要求国会准许我使用唯一剩下的手殷来应付危机——向非常情况开战的广泛的行政权,就像我们真的遭到外敌人侵时授予我那样的广泛权力。

对大家寄予我的信任,我一定报以时代所要求的勇气和献身精神,我会竭尽全力。

让我们正视面前的严峻岁月,怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气,怀着寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识,怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得到的问心无愧的满足。我们的国标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安。

我们并不怀疑基本民主制度的未来。合众国人民并没有失败。他们在困难中表达了自己的委托,即要求采取直接而有力的行动。他们要求有领导的纪律和方向。他们现在选择了我作为实现他们的愿望的工具。我接受这份厚赠。

在此举国奉献之际,我们谦卑地请求上帝赐福。愿上帝保佑我们大家和每一个人,愿上帝在未来的日子里指引我。篇2:罗斯福就职演说中文翻译 富兰克林-罗斯福 第一次就职演讲,星期六,1933年3月4日 我肯定,同胞们都期待我在就任总统时,会像我国目前形势所要求的那样,坦率而果断地向他们讲话。现在正是但白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻,我们不必畏首畏尾,不着老实实面对我国今天的情况,这个伟大的国家会一如既住地坚持下去,它会复兴和繁荣起来。因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一下得不害怕的就是害怕本身——一种莫明其妙的、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它会把转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件。我相信,在目前危急时刻,大家会再次给予同样的支持。我和你们都要以这种槽神,来面对我们共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难只是物质方面的。价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了,我们的支付能力下降了;各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺;交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结;工业企业枯萎的落叶到处可见;农场主的产品找不到销路;千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流。

更重要的是,大批失业公民正面临严峻的生育问题,还有大批公民正以艰辛的劳动换取微薄的报酬。只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实。但是,我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫灾害。我们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可感到欣慰。大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力已使之倍增。富足的憎景近在咫尺,但就在我们见到这种情景的时候,宽裕的生活却悄然离去。这主要是因为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经认定失败,并撒手不管了,贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径,将受到舆论法庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵和理智的唾弃。

幸福并不在于单纯地占有主钱;幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于创造性努力时的激情。务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励,而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的夭命不是要别人侍奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的。认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个人收益为唯一标准。来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念,我们必须制止银行界和企业界的一种行为,它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行为,难怪信心在减弱,因为增强信心只有靠诚实、荣誉感、神圣的责任感,忠实地加以维护和无私地履行职责,而没有这些,就不可能有信心。

但是,复兴不仅仅要求改变伦理观念。这个国家要求行动起来,现在就行动起来。 根据宪法赋予我的职责、我准备提出一些措施,而一个受灾世界上的受灾国家也许需要这些措施。对于这些措施,以及国会根据本身的经验和智慧可能制订的其他类似措施,我将在宪法赋予我的权限内,设法迅速地予以采纳。

但是,如果国会拒不采纳这两条路线中的一条,如果国家紧急情况依然如故,我将下回避我所面临的明确的尽责方向。我将要求国会准许我使用唯一剩下的手殷来应付危机——向非常情况开战的广泛的行政权,就像我们真的遭到外敌人侵时授予我那样的广泛权力。

对大家寄予我的信任,我一定报以时代所要求的勇气和献身精神,我会竭尽全力。 让我们正视面前的严峻岁月,怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气,怀着寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识,怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得到的问心无愧的满足。我们的国标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安。

我们并不怀疑基本民主制度的未来。合众国人民并没有失败。他们在困难中表达了自己的委托,即要求采取直接而有力的行动。他们要求有领导的纪律和方向。他们现在选择了我作为实现他们的愿望的工具。我接受这份厚赠。

在此举国奉献之际,我们谦卑地请求上帝赐福。愿上帝保佑我们大家和每一个人,愿上帝在未来的日子里指引我。篇3:罗斯福就职演说 1933年3月4日美国第32届总统罗斯福就职演说 这是奉献的日子。值此就职之际,同胞们一定期待着我能够就我国目前所处形势,向他们做出坦率而果断的说明。现在正是坦诚而勇敢地说出实情、全部实情的最好时机。我们毋须害怕直面我们目前的困境。我们伟大的国家过去经得住磨难,而且还将复兴,繁荣。因此,首先允许我表明我坚定的信念,我们唯一应该感到恐惧的是恐惧本身——那种无以名状的、盲目而不可理喻的恐惧,它阻碍人们做出必要的努力,反败为胜。在我国历史上任何一个黑色时期,每一位强有力的、真诚的领导人都曾经得到了人民的理解和支持,这是胜利的根本保证。我深信,在目前的危急时刻,你们必将再次对我们的执政表示支持。

我和你们一起以这种精神来面对共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难都只是物质方面的。购买力已经萎缩到难以想象的程度;税收增加;人们的支持能力下降;各级政府机关面临着严重的经费削减;现行的贸易交易途径被冻结;工业企业枯枝败叶般四处飘零;农场主无法找到销售市场;成千上万家庭多年的积蓄丧失殆尽。更为严重的是,大批失业的市民们面临着严酷的生存困境,而众多的人们只能以艰苦的劳作换取微薄的报酬。只有盲目乐观的人才会无视现实的严峻。

然而,我们的不幸并不是由物质的匮乏造成的。我们没有遭受蝗虫的灾害。与我们的祖先所经受的艰难相比,我们要幸运的多了。而我们的祖先以其坚定信仰和无畏精神战胜了

这一切。大自然的恩泽不断,而人类的努力更使它锦上添花。我

们的门廊前堆满了财富,但是大肆的挥霍却使我们入不敷出。这种后果主要是由商品交易的巨头们的顽固不化和愚蠢无能造成的。他们已经承认了失败,自动引退了。钱商们的无耻行径在公众舆论的法庭上受到谴责,并为世人所唾弃。

是的,他们曾经努力过,但是他们的努力却无法挣脱陈规旧俗的束缚。面对着信用危机,他们只是建议发放更多的贷款。他们惯常以利润引诱和控制大众,一旦失去了利润的诱饵,他们便不惜恩惠并施,声泪俱下地恳求公众重新恢复信心。他们只懂得利己主义的准则。他们缺乏高瞻远瞩,而没有远见的民族是要灭亡的。

钱商们从文明圣殿的高位逃跑了。现在我们可以让圣殿重新恢复传统的信念。恢复的程度取决于我们的价值观念在多大程度上高于单一的金钱利润观念。

幸福并不驻足于对钱财的占有之中,而是根植于对成功的喜悦和对创造的兴奋之中。对工作的喜悦之情和对劳动的激励之感不应该再度迷失于对转瞬即失的利润的疯狂的追逐之中。如果这段惨淡岁月促使大家认识到,我们不应该听天由命,而是应该让命运为我们自己和我们的同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价是完全值得的。

认识到将物质财富视为衡量成功的标准是荒谬,也就会摈弃以显著地位和个人利益作为衡量公职和官位的标准这一错误观念;而且一定会终止那种常常以冷酷和自私的错误行径敷衍公众神圣信赖的金融和商业行为。难怪公众的信心正在消失,因为只有诚实、高尚、神圣的责任感、真诚的保护措施和无私的工作才能使信心枝繁叶茂;没

有这一切,信心便无法生存。 然而,复兴不仅仅需要道德观念的革新。我们的国家需要行动,需要立即行动。

我们最重要的基本任务是安臵人民的就业。这绝不是一个无法解决的难题,只要我们明智地、勇敢地正视这一问题。在某种程度上,它可以通过政府部门直接招募雇员的方式加以解决,就如我们处于战时紧急状态中所做的那样。同时,我们可以通过这种雇工的方式完成急需的工程项目,进而刺激和调整我们对自然资源的利用。

与此同时,我们必须坦率地承认,我们的工业中心人口过剩;我们要在全国范围内重新调配人口,为适合耕作的人们提供土地,以便更好地利用土地资源。我们可以通过努力提高农产品价格的途径,来促成这项工作,并借此提高城市的购买力。我们要切合实际,制止实行取消抵押品赎回权制度,挽回小家庭和小农场日益严重的损失。我们坚持要求联邦政府、州政府和各地政府立即采取措施大力削减费用;我们要对救济工作做出统筹安排,改变目前零散的、浪费的和不均的现状;我们要将所有形式的交通运输和其他一切明确的公共设施,交由国家统一计划和监控。有助于促进此项工作的方法很多,唯独空话无补于事。我们必须行动起来,立即行动起来。 最后,在恢复工作的进程中,我们需要做出两点保证,以避免重新陷入旧秩序的弊端之中:必须严格的监督所有的银行储蓄、信贷和投资活动;必须终止利用他人的款项进行投资的行为,银行必须有充足和可靠的现金储备。 这些是我们的工作路线。我会立即敦促新一届国会,在特别会议上就实行这些路线提出具体措施,而且我会要求一些州提供紧急援助。

通过这项行动纲领,我们将整顿秩序,平衡收支。恢复国际关系的工作虽然十分重要,但是从时间性和必要性而言,它必须从属于建立一个健全的国民经济体系的任务。我提倡务实的政策,分清轻重缓急。我将不遗余力地借助国际经济调整来恢复对外贸易,但是我们决不能待完成此项工作之后,再来处理国内的严峻经济形势。

这一基本思想指导着国内经济复苏的具体行动,它并不是狭义的民族主义。我们的首要考虑是,坚持合众国内部各因素和各部门之间相互依存的关系——这是对传统的、极其重要的美国拓荒精神的认同。这是复兴之道。这是一条捷径。它是复兴计划得以持续实施的强有力的保障。

在对外政策方面,我将奉行国家间的睦邻政策——坚定地尊重自己,也因此而尊重别人的权利;尊重自己的职责,同时尊重自己与世界各国之间的条约的尊严。 如果我对人民情绪的揣摩是正确的话,那么我们现在已经认识到我们之间的相互依存关系(这是我们先前从未意识到的),那就是:我们不能只是索取,我们也必须奉献。如果我们要前进,我们必须像一支训练有素且忠诚可靠的军队那样,甘于为维护良好的纪律而做出牺牲,因为没有良好的纪律就不可能有任何进步,就不可能实施有效的领导。我相信,我们愿意并且准备为实现这样的秩序而奉献我们的

生命和财产,因为惟有如此,我们才能实现以大众的利益为目标的领导。我计划实施这样的领导,它能保证以更高的目标约束我们大家的神圣义务,从而形成一种只有在战时才会出现的共同承担责任的统一体。 作出这项保证之后,我将义无反顾地领导这支由我国人民组成的伟大军队,井然有序地着手处理我们的共同问题------ 根据宪法赋予我的职责,我准备提出我们积重难返的国家在灾难深重的世界中必须采取的措施。对于这些措施,以及国会根据经验和智慧提出的其它措施,我将竭尽宪法赋予我的权力之所能,尽快将它付诸实施。 然而,万一国会否决了其中的任何一种方式,万一国内的严峻形势依然没有得到缓解,我绝不会回避我那时将担负的责任。我将要求国会准予我动用解决危机的最高权力——向危机开战的广泛的行政权力,这种权利相当于国家遭受外敌入侵时我所拥有的权利。 对于大家所赋予我的信任,我将用时代所要求的勇气和奉献作为回报。我将竭尽全力------篇4:罗斯福就职演讲 罗斯福就职演讲胡佛总统,首席法官先生,朋友们: 今天,对我们的国家来说,是一个神圣的日子.我肯定,同胞们都期待我在 就任总统时,会像我国目前形势所要求的那样,坦率而果断地向他们讲话.现在 正是坦白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻.我们不必畏首畏尾,不 老老实实面对我国今天的情况.这个伟大的国家会一如既往地坚持下去,它会复 兴和繁荣起来.因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一不得不害怕的就是 害怕本身--一种莫名其妙、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它把人转退为进所需 的种种努力化为泡影.凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得 到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件.我相信,在目前危 急时刻,大家会再次给予同样的支持. 我和你们都要以这种精神,来面对我们共同的困难.感谢上帝,这些困难只 是物质方面的.价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了;我们的支付能力下降了; 各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺;交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结;工业企业 枯萎的落叶到处可见; 农场主的产品找不到销路; 千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流. 更重要的是,大批失业公民正面临严峻的生存问题,还有大批公民正以艰辛 的劳动换取微薄的报酬.只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实. 但是,我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资.我们没有遭到什么蝗虫的灾害.我 们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可 感到欣慰.大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力已使之倍增.富足的情景近在 咫尺,但就在我们见到这种 情景的时候,宽裕的生活却悄然离去.这主要是因 为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经 认定失败了,并撒手不管了.贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径.将受到舆论法 庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵理智的唾弃. 是的,他们是努力过,然而他们用的是一种完全过时的方法.面对信贷的失 败,他们只是提议借出更多的钱.没有了当诱饵引诱 人民追随他们的错误领导 的金钱,他们只得求助于讲道,含泪祈求人民重新给予他们信心.他们只知自我 追求者们的处世规则.他们没有眼光,而没有眼光的人是要灭亡的. 如今,货币兑换商已从我们文明庙宇的高处落荒而逃.我们要以千古不变的 真理来重建这座庙宇. 衡量这重建的尺度是我们体现比金钱利益更高尚的社会价 值的程度. 幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱;幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于创造努 力时 的激情.务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励,而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即1逝的利润.如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的天命不是要别人侍 奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的. 认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的, 我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个 人收益为唯一标准,来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念;我们必须制止银行 界和企业界的一种行为,它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行 为.难怪信心在减弱,信心,只有靠诚实、信誉、忠心维护和无私履行职责.而 没有这些,就不可能有信心. 但是,复兴不仅仅只要改变伦理观念.这个国家要求行动起来,现在就行动 起来. 我们最大、最基本的任务是让人民投入工作.只要我信行之以智慧和勇气, 这个问题就可以解决.这可以部分由政府直接征募完成,就象对待临战的紧要关 头一样,但同时,在有了人手的情况下,我们还急需能刺激并重组巨大自然资源 的工程. 我们齐心协力,但必须坦白地承认工业中心的人口失衡,我们必须在全国范 围内重新分配,使土地在最适合的人手中发表挥更大作用. 明确地为提高农产品价值并以此购买城市产品所做的努力, 会有助于任务的 完成.避免许多小家庭业、农场业被取消赎取抵押品的权利的悲剧也有助于任务 的完成. 联邦、各地政府立即行动回应要求降价的呼声, 州、有助于任务的完成. 将 现在常常是分散不经济、不平等的救济活动统一起来有助于任务的完成.对所有 公共交通运输, 通讯及其他涉及公众生活的设施作全国性的计划及监督有助于任 务的完成.许多事情都有助于任务完成,但这些决不包括空谈.我们必须行动, 立即行动. 最后,为了重新开始工作,我们需要两手防御,来抗御旧秩序恶魔卷土从来; 一定要有严格监督银行业、信贷及投资的机制:一定要杜绝投机;一定要有充足 而健康的货币供应. 以上这些,朋友们,就是施政方针.我要在特别会议上敦促新国会给予详细 实施方案,并且,我要向 18 个州请求立即的援助. 通过行动, 我们将予以我们自己一个有秩序的国家大厦, 使收入大于支出. 我 们的国际贸易,虽然很重要,但现在在时间和必要性上,次于对本国健康经济的 建立.我建议,作为可行的策略、首要事务先行.虽然我将不遗余力通过国际经 济重新协调所来恢复国际贸易, 但我认为国内的紧急情况无法等待这重新协调的 完成. 指导这一特别的全国性复苏的基本思想并非狭隘的国家主义. 我首先考虑的 是坚持美国这一整体 中各部分的相互依赖性--这是对美国式的开拓精神的古老 而永恒的证明的体现. 这才是复苏之路, 是即时之路, 是保证复苏功效持久之路.2在国际政策方面,我将使美国采取睦邻友好的政策.做一个决心自重,因此 而尊重邻国的国家.做一个履行义务,尊重与他国协约的国家. 如果我对人民的心情的了解正确的话, 我想我们已认识到了我们从未认识的 问题,我们是互相依存的,我们不可以只索取,我们还必须奉献.我们前进时, 必须象一支训练有素的忠诚的军队,愿意为共同的原则而献身,因为,没有这些 原则,就无法取得进步,领导就不可能得力.我们都已做好准备,并愿意为此原 则献出生命和财产,因为这将使志在建设更美好社会的领导成为可能.我倡议, 为了更伟大的目标,我们所有的人,以一致的职责紧紧团结起来.这是神圣的义 务,非战乱,不停止. 有了这样的誓言,我将毫不犹豫地承担领导伟大人民大军的任务,致力于对 我们普遍问题的强攻.这样的行动,这样的目标,在我们从祖先手中接过的政府 中是可行的.我们的宪法如此简单,实在.它随时可以应付特殊情况,只需对重 点和安排加以修改而不丧失中心思想,正因为如此,我们的宪法体制已自证为是 最有适应性的政治体制.它已应付过巨大的国土扩张、外战、内乱及国际关系所 带来的压力. 而我们还希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等, 能充分地担负前所未有的任 务.但现在前所未有的对紧急行动的需要要求国民暂时丢弃平常生活节奏,紧迫 起来. 让我们正视面前的严峻岁月,怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气,怀着 寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识,怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得 到的问心无愧的满足.我们的目标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安. 我们并不怀疑基本民主制度的未来.合众国人民并没有失败.他们在困难中 表达了自己的委托,即要求采取直接而有力的行动.他们要求有领导的纪律和方 向.他们现在选择了我作为实现他们的愿望的工具.我接受这份厚赠.在此举国奉献之际,我们谦卑地请求上帝赐福.愿上帝保信我们大家和每一 个人,愿上帝在未来的日子里指引我.3篇5:罗斯福就职演说 按:富兰克林罗斯福就任美国总统之时,美国正在遭受经济危机的沉重打击。他在就职演说中呼吁美国人摆脱恐惧心理,迅速行动起来应付危机,并要求国会授予他广泛的行政权力。) 1933年3月4日 值此我就职之际,同胞们肯定期望我以我国当前情势所要求的坦率和果断来发表演说。现在确实尤其有必要坦白而果敢地谈一谈真情实况,全部的真情实况。我们没有必要去躲闪,不去老老实实地面对我国今天的情况。我们的国家过去经得起考验,今后还会经得起考验,复兴起来,繁荣下去。因此,首先,允许我申明我的坚定信念:我们唯一值得恐惧的就是恐惧本身——会使我们由后退转而前进所需的努力陷于瘫痪的那种无名的、没有道理的、毫无根据的害怕。在我们国家生活中每一个黑暗的时刻,直言不讳、坚强有力的领导都曾经得到人民的谅解和支持,从而保证了胜利。我坚信,在当前的危机时期,你们也会再一次对领导表示支持。 我和你们都要以这样一种精神来面对共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难都只是物质方面的。价值贬缩到难以想象的程度;赋税增加了;我们纳税的能力则已降低;各级政府都遇到严重的收入减少;叹交换手段难逃贸易长流冰封,看工业企业尽成枯枝残叶;农场主的产品找不到市场;千万个家庭的多年积蓄毁于一旦。

更重要的是,大批的失业公民面临严峻的生存问题,而艰苦劳动却所得甚微的也不在少数。只有愚蠢的乐天派才能否认眼前的暗淡现实。

但是,我们的困难并不是由于实质上的失败。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫之害。我们的祖先笃信上帝,无所畏惧,因而所向披靡,比起他们的艰险,我们还该说是万幸。大自然的施惠不减,而人的努力更是使其倍增。我们手头并不匮乏,然而丰足却激发不起来慷慨的用度。这首先是因为掌握人类物品交换的统治者们的顽固和无能,他们承认失败而自动退位。贪得无厌的钱商们在舆论的法庭上被宣告有罪,是为人类思想感情上所厌弃的。

他们也的确作了努力,但是他们的努力脱不开过时传统的巢臼。面对着信用的失败,他们的建议却仅是借贷更多的钱。他们失去了利润的吸引力,无法再使人民遵从他们的虚伪领导,于是他们就不惜进行敲诈,痛哭流涕地要求恢复对他们的信任。他们没有预见,而缺乏预见就要使人民遭殃。

钱商们从我们文化庙堂的高位逃走了。我们现在可以使那庙堂恢复传统的信念。能够恢复到什么程度,则看我们对于比金钱利润更高贵的价值观念予以运用的情况。

幸福并不建筑在仅仅拥有金钱上;它建筑在有所成就引起的欢乐,创造性工作所激发出的快感。一定不要在疯狂地追求瞬息即逝的利润中再去忘记劳动给我们带来的欢乐和精神上的鼓舞。我们在这些暗淡的日子里所付的代价将是完全值得的,如果我们从中汲取教训,认识到我们不应该听天由命,而应该让命运为我们自己和我们的同胞服务。 认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,也就不会再相信担任公职和很高的政治地位之所以可贵仅仅在于官高禄厚;同时也必须终止金融业和商业中的一种作法,它常常使得神圣的委托深似无情和自私的恶行。难怪信心在减退,因为只有诚实、荣誉感、神圣的责任心、忠贞的维护和无私的作为才能鼓舞信心;没有这一切,信心出就不能存在。

然而复兴并不仅仅要求改变道德观念。祖国要求行动起来,现在就行动起来。

我们的首要任务是给人民工作。我们只要明智而勇敢地承担起来,这项任务并不是不能解决的。部分地可以由政府直接招雇,象战时紧急状况那样,同时通过雇用这些人员来完成急需的工程,从而促进和改组我们自然资源的利用。

与此同时,我们还必须认识到工业中心已经人口过剩,因此应尽力把土地提供给最善于耕种的人,一方面使土地得到更好的利用,一方面在全国范围重新分配人口。为了促成此项工作,要采取具体措施提高农产品价值,从而提高对我们城市产品的购买力。要从实际出发制止对小房产和农场取消偿还抵押所造成的悲剧和日益严重的损失。要坚持由联邦和各州以及各地方政府立即采取行动支持大量削减抵押的要求。要把救济工作统一掌管起来以避免目前的分散、浪费和不均的现象。要把一切形式的交通运输扣其他明确属于公用事业的设施置于国家计划和监督之下。总之,可以促成此项工作的方法是很多的,唯有空谈无用。我们必须行动起来,迅速行动起来。

最后,在恢复阶段中,我们需要避免旧秩序弊端重新出现的两项保证:必须严格监督一切银行储蓄、信贷和投资,以制止利用他人存款进行投机的活动;必须提供充分而有偿付能力的货币。

这就是我们的行动路线。我即将向新的国会的特别会议提出实施这些路线的具体措施,我还将要求各州立即提供支援。

通过此项行动纲领,我们将致力于整顿财政,平衡收支。我们的国际贸易关系虽然十分重要,但在时间性和必要性上必须从属于健全国民经济的任务。我主张采取切合实际的政策,分清轻重缓急。我一定竭尽一切努力通过国际经济调整来恢复同世界各地的贸易,但是国内的紧急状况是等待不得贸易上的成就的。

国家复兴的这些具体方法,其基本指导思想并不是狭隘的民族主义。我们首先考虑的是:坚持合众国国内的各种因素和合众国各个部分之间的互相依靠——承认美国拓荒精神的传统的和永远重要的体现。这是复兴的道路。这是直接的道路。这是复兴得以持久的最有力的保证。

在对外政策方面,我认为我国应该奉行睦邻政策——决心尊重自己,从而也尊重邻国的权利——珍视自己的义务,也珍视与所有邻国和全世界各国协议中所规定的神圣义务。

如果我对我国人民的情绪体会得正确,尽管我们过去在不能互相依靠时并不理解,我们现在则已经理解到:我们不能只要有所得,也要有所贡献;我们要前进,我们就必须象一支有训练而忠诚的军队那样,为了共同的纪律而乐意有所牺牲,因为没有这样的纪律就不可能前进,就不可能实现有效的领导。我相信我们愿意并且准备为这样的纪律献出我们的生命和财产,因为,只有实现这样的纪律,才能实现为了更高利益而奋斗的领导。我愿意提供这样的领导,保证使这些更高的目标将作为一种神圣义务对我们大家都有所约束,从而产生只有战时才出现过的共同责任感。

作了这项保证之后,我将无所顾忌地领导起我国人民组成的大军,纪律井然地逐一解决我们的共同问题。

我们有从先辈那里继承下来的政府形式,纪律井然地解决共同问题的行动是完全可能的。我们的宪法是简明扼要的,总是可以根据特殊的需要而在重点和安排上有所改变,而无需动摇其基本形式。正是因为如此,我们的宪政才不愧为现代世界所产生的最稳定持久的政治结构。它经受了领土的极度扩张、辛酸的内战、对外战争和国际关系的考验。

但愿正常的行政和立法分权完全足以应付我们所面对的史无前例的重任。然而,史无前例的要求和迅即行动的需要也可能使我们有必要暂时背离正常分权的公开程序。

我准备根据宪法赋予我的职责提出灾难深重的我国在当前灾难深重的世界中所需要采取的措施。这些措施,以及国会根据其本身经验和明智所决定的措施,我都将竭尽宪法所赋予我的权力迅即予以采纳。

然而,万一国会竟不能接受两类中之任一方式,万一全国紧急状况仍然严重,我也将决不回避职责明确向我提出的抉择。我会要求国会准许我使用应付危机的唯一剩余的手段——向非常状况开战的广泛行政权力,就象在实际遭受外部敌人入侵时所应授予我的大权。

对于给予我的信任,我愿意拿出时代所要求于我的勇气和坚贞。我决不会有负众望。 我们瞻望前途的艰苦时日,深感国家统一所给予我们的温暖和勇气,明确必须遵循传统的宝贵道德观念,坚信不分老幼克尽其责必能取得圆满成功。我们务使国民生计获得全面和长久的保证。 我们对基本民主的未来并未失去信念。合众国的人民并未气馁。在困难中,他们作为选民提出的要求是直接而有力的行动。他们要求的是有领导的纪律和方向。他们已经选择我来作为实现他们愿望的工具。我也是以这样的精神来担当的。 值此全国奉献之际,我们恳请上帝赐福。祝愿上帝保佑我们全体和每一个人。祝愿上帝指引我前进。

推荐第4篇:富兰克林·罗斯福 就职演讲

President Hoover, Mister Chief Justice, my friends: This is a day of national consecration, and I am certain that on this day, my fellow Americans expect that on my induction in the Presidency I will addre them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today.This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So first of all, let me expre my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself-namele, unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankne and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is eential to victory.And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties.They concern, thank God, only material things.Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen, our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce, and the savings of many years and thousands of families are gone.

More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equal and great number toil with little return.Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.And yet, our distre comes from no failure of substance, we are stricken by no plague of locusts.Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have so much to be thankful for.Nature surrounds us with her bounty, and human efforts have multiplied it.Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods have failed, through their own stubbornne and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure and have abdicated.Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.True, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the patten of an outworn tradition.Faced by a failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money.Stripped of the lure of profit by which they induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence.They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers.They have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.A measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere monetary profits.Happine lies not in the mere poeion of money, it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits.These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to, but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of succe goes hand in hand with the abandonment of a false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profits, and there must be an end to our conduct in banking and in busine, which too often has given to a sacred trust the likene of callous and selfish wrong-doing.Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredne of our obligation, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance.Without them it cannot live.

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.This nation is asking for action, and action now.Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.This is no unsolvable problem if we take it wisely and courageously.It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.Hand in hand with that, we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution in an effort to provide better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value of the agricultural product and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventing realistically, the tragedy of the growing loes through fore closures of our small homes and our farms.It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically reduce.It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal.It can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of communications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character.There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.We must act, we must act quickly.And finally, in our progre toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people’s money; and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.These, my friends, are the lines of attack.I shall presently urge upon a new Congre in special seion, detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate aistance of the 48 states.Through this program of action, we addre ourselves to putting our own national house in order, and making income balance outflow.Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and neceity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy.I favor as a practical policy the putting of first things first.I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment, but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration upon the inter-dependence of the various elements in all parts of the United States of America – a recognition of the old and the permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.It is the way to recovery, it is the immediate way, it is the strongest aurance that recovery will endure.

In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor.The neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of others.The neighbor who respects his obligation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well.That if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army, willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline, no progre can be made, no leadership becomes effective.We are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes poible a leadership which aims at the larger good.This, I propose to offer, we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty, hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

With this pledge taken, I aume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.Action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors.Our constitution is so simple, so practical, that it is poible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without lo of a central form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.It has met every stre of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority will be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us.But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity, in the clearest consciousne of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike, we aim at the aurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the future of eential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift, I take it.In this dedication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the bleings of God, may He protect each and every one of us, may He guide me in the days to come.

推荐第5篇:富兰克林罗斯福就职演讲

PresidentHoover, Mr.Chief Justice, my friends:

This is a day of national consecration.And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americansexpectthat on my inductioninto the Presidency, I will addre them with a candor and a decision whichthe present situation of our people impels.

This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor needwe shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great Nation will endure,as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me aert my firm belief thatthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself namele,unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts toconvert retreatinto advance.In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankne and of vigorhas met with that understanding and support of the people themselves whichis eential to victory.And I am convinced that you will againgive that support to leadership in these critical days.

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties.They concern, thankGod, only material things.

Values have shrunk to fantastic levels.taxes have risen.our abilityto pay has fallen.government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income.themeans of exchange are frozenin the currents of trade.the withered leaves of industrialenterprise lie on every side.farmers find no markets for their produce.and the savings ofmany years in thousands of families are gone.More important, a host of unemployed citizensface the grim problem of existence, and an equally greatnumber toil with little return.Only afoolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

And yet our distre comes from no failure of substance.We are stricken by no plague oflocusts.Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed andwere not afraid, we have stillmuch to be thankful for.Nature still offers her bounty andhuman efforts have multiplied it.Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of itlanguishes in the very sight of the supply.

Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind\'s goods have failed,through their own stubbornne and their ownincompetence, have admitted their failure, and haveabdicated.Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of publicopinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.True,they have tried.But their efforts havebeen cast in the pattern of an outworntradition.Faced by failure of credit, they haveproposed only the lending of more money.Stripped of the lure of profit by whichto induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfullyfor restored confidence.They only know the rules of a generation of selfseekers.

They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.Wemay now restore that temple to the ancient truths.The measure of that restoration lies in theextent to which we apply social values more noble thanmere monetary profit.

Happine lies not in the mere poeion of money.it lies in the joy of achievement, in thethrill of creative effort.The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten inthe mad chase of evanescentprofits.These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they costus if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but tominister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of succe goes hand in handwith the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to bevalued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit.and there mustbe an end to a conduct in banking and in busine which too oftenhas given to a sacred trust the likene of callous and selfish wrongdoing.

Small wonder that confidence languishes, for itthrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredne of obligations, on faithful protection, andon unselfish performance.withoutthem it cannot live.

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.

This Nation is asking for action, and action now.

Our greatest primary task is toput people to work.This is nounsolvable problem if we face itwisely and courageously.

It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by theGovernment itself, treating the task as we would treatthe emergency of a war, but at thesame time, through this employment, accomplishing great greatlyneeded projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our greatnatural resources.

Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of populationin our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to providea better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, andwith this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventingrealistically the tragedy of the growing lo through foreclosure of our smallhomes and ourfarms.It can be helped by insistence thatthe Federal, the State, and the local governmentsact forthwith on the demand thattheir cost be drastically reduced.It can be helped by theunifying of relief activities which today are often scattered,uneconomical, unequal.It can behelped by national planning for and supervisionof all forms of transportation and ofcommunications and other utilities thathave a definitely public character.There are manyways in which it can be helped, but it cannever be helped by merely talking aboutit.

We must act.We must act quickly.

And finally, in our progre towards a resumption of work, we require twosafeguards against a return of the evils of the old order.There must be a strict supervision of all banking andcredits and investments.There must be anend to speculation with other people\'s money.Andthere must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

These, my friends, are the lines of attack.I shall presently urge upon a new Congre inspecial seion detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shallseek the immediate aistance of the 48 States.

Through this program of action we addre ourselves to putting our own national house inorder and making income balance outgo.Our international trade relations, thoughvastly important, are in point of time, and neceity, secondary tothe establishment of a sound national economy.Ifavor, as a practical policy, the putting of firstthings first.I shall spare no effort torestore world trade by international economic readjustment.but the emergency athome cannot wait on that accomplishment.

The basic thoughtthat guides these specific means of national recovery is notnationally narrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a firstconsideration, upon the interdependenceof the various elements in and parts of the United States of America arecognition of the old and permanently importantmanifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.It is the wayto recovery.It is the immediate way.Itis the strongest aurance that recovery will endure.

In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nationto the policy of the good neighbor: theneighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights ofothers.the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreementsin and with a world of neighbors.

If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before,our interdependence on each other.that we can not merely take, but we must give as well.

that if we are to goforward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice forthe good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progre can be made,no leadership becomes effective.

We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline,because it makes poible a leadership which aims atthe larger good.This, I propose to offer,pledging that the larger purposes will bind uponus, bind upon us all as a sacred obligationwith a unity of duty hithertoevoked only in times of armed strife.

With this pledge taken, I aume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of ourpeople dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.

Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which wehave inherited from our ancestors.Our Constitution is sosimple, so practicalthat it is poible always tomeet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without lo ofeential form.That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superblyenduring political mechanism the modern worldhas ever seen.

It has met every stre of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife,of world relations.And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislativeauthority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meetthe unprecedented task before us.

But it may be that anunprecedented demand and need for undelayed actionmay call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.

I am prepared under my constitutional duty torecommend the measures that a strickennation in the midst of a stricken world may require.These measures, or such other measuresas the Congre may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within myconstitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

But, in the event that the Congre shall failto take one of these two courses, in the eventthat the national emergency is still critical, I shallnot evade the clear course of duty that will thenconfront me.I shall ask the Congre for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisisbroad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power thatwould be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befitthe time.I can do no le.

We face the arduous days thatlie before us in the warm courage of nationalunity.with the clear consciousne of seeking old and precious moralvalues.with the clean satisfactionthat comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the aurance ofa rounded, a permanent national life.

We do not distrust the the future of eential democracy.The people of the United Stateshave not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate thatthey want direct, vigorousaction.They have asked for discipline and directionunder leadership.They have made me thepresent instrument of their wishes.Inthe spirit of the gift I take it.

In this dedication Inthis dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the bleing of God.

May He protect each and every one of us.

May He guide me in the days to come.

推荐第6篇:罗斯福对日宣战演讲

要求国会对日本宣战

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福

副总统先生、议长先生、各位参议员和众议员:

昨天,1941年12月7日,将成为我国的国耻日。美利坚合众国遭到了日本帝国海、空军有预谋的突然袭击

在此之前,美国同日本处于和平状态,并应日本之请同该国政府及天皇谈判,指望维持太平洋区域的和平。

日本空军部队在美国的瓦胡岛。开始轰炸一小时后,日本驻美大使及其同僚居然还向美国国务卿递交正式复函,回答美国最近致日本的一封函件。这份复函虽然声言目前的外交谈判已无继续之必要,但却未有威胁的言词,也没有暗示将发动战争或采取军事行动

夏威夷岛距日本的距离说明此次袭击显然是许多天前甚至几星期前所策划的,此事将记录在案。在此期间,日本政府有意用虚伪的声明和表示继续保持和平的愿望欺骗美国。日本昨天对夏威夷群岛的袭击,给美国海、陆军造成了严重的破坏。我遗憾地告诉你们:许许多多美国人被炸死。同时,据报告,若干艘美国船只在旧金山与火奴鲁鲁之间的公海上被水雷击中。

昨天,日本政府还发动了对马来亚的袭击。

昨夜日本部队袭击了香港。

昨夜日本部队袭击了关岛。

昨夜日本部队袭击了菲律宾群岛。

昨夜日本部队袭击了威克岛。

今晨日本人袭击了中途岛。

这样,日本就在整个太平洋区域发动了全面的突然袭击。昨天和今天的情况已说明了事实的真相。美国人民已经清楚地了解到这是关系我国存亡安危的问题。

作为海、陆军总司令,我已指令采取一切手段进行防御。

我们将永远记住对我们这次袭击的性质。

无论需要多长时间去击败这次预谋的侵略,美国人民正义在手,有力量夺取彻底的胜利。我保证我们将完全确保我们的安全,确保我们永不再受到这种背信弃义行为的危害,我相信这话说出了国会和人民的意志。

大敌当前,我国人民、领土和利益正处于极度危险的状态,我们决不可稍有懈怠。我们相信我们的军队、我们的人民有无比坚定的决心,因此,胜利必定属于我们。愿上帝保佑我们。

我要求国会宣布:由于日本在1941年12月7日星期日对我国无故进行卑鄙的袭击,美国同日本已经处于战争状态。

[当时的美国总统罗斯福 (Franklin Delano Roosevelt),在发生突袭后第二日,在国会发表对日宣战的著名演说--珍珠港演说 (Pearl Harbor Speech)。美国人在日本偷袭珍珠港前,对应否加入二次大战存在分歧,偷袭事件激起民愤,结果全国团结起来,支持参战。德国和意大利亦于3日后,对美国宣战。]

推荐第7篇:罗斯福总统的演讲

英文原版一个遗臭万年的日子罗斯福

Yesterday, Dec.7, 1941the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.

The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in

conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.

Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambaador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American meage.While this reply stated that it seemed usele to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack.

It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japanese

government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace.

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.Very many American lives have been lost.In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.

Headlines-WarJapan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday speak for themselves.The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.

Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us.

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

I believe I interpret the will of the Congre and of the people when I aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.

Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.

With confidence in our armed forceswe will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us God.

I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, Dec.7, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

推荐第8篇:罗斯福总统演讲The Four Freedoms

Mr.president, Mr.Speaker, members of the 77th Congre:

I addre you, the members of this new Congre, at a moment unprecedented in the history of the union.I use the word “unprecedented” because at no previous time has American security been as seriously threatened from without as it is today.

Since the permanent formation of our government under the Constitution in 1789, most of the periods of crisis in our history have related to our domestic affairs.And, fortunately, only one of these -- the four-year war between the States -- ever threatened our national unity.Today, thank God, 130,000,000 Americans in 48 States have forgotten points of the compa in our national unity.

It is true that prior to 1914 the United States often has been disturbed by events in other continents.We have even engaged in two wars with European nations and in a number of undeclared wars in the West Indies, in the Mediterranean and in the pacific, for the maintenance of American rights and for the principles of peaceful commerce.But in no case had a serious threat been raised against our national safety or our continued independence.

What I seek to convey is the historic truth that the United States as a nation has at all times maintained opposition -- clear, definite opposition -- to any attempt to lock us in behind an ancient Chinese wall while the proceion of civilization went past.Today, thinking of our children and of their children, we oppose enforced isolation for ourselves or for any other part of the Americas.

That determination of ours, extending over all these years, was proved, for example, in the early days during the quarter century of wars following the French Revolution.While the Napoleonic struggles did threaten interests of the United States because of the French foothold in the West Indies and in Louisiana, and while we engaged in the War of 1812 to vindicate our right to peaceful trade, it is neverthele clear that neither France nor Great Britain nor any other nation was aiming at domination of the whole world.

And in like fashion, from 1815 to 1914 -- ninety-nine years -- no single war in Europe or in Asia constituted a real threat against our future or against the future of any other American nation.

Except in the Maximilian interlude in Mexico, no foreign power sought to establish itself in this hemisphere.And the strength of the British fleet in the Atlantic has been a friendly strength; it is still a friendly strength.

Even when the World War broke out in 1914, it seemed to contain only small threat of danger to our own American future.But as time went on, as we remember, the American people began to visualize what the downfall of democratic nations might mean to our own democracy.

We need not overemphasize imperfections in the peace of Versailles.We need not harp on failure of the democracies to deal with problems of world reconstruction.We should remember that the peace of 1919 was far le unjust than the kind of pacification which began even before Munich, and which is being carried on under the new order of tyranny that seeks to spread over every continent today.The American people have unalterably set their faces against that tyranny.

I suppose that every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly aailed in every part of the world -- aailed either by arms or by secret spreading of poisonous propaganda by those who seek to destroy unity and promote discord in nations that are still at peace.During 16 long months this aault has blotted out the whole pattern of democratic life in an appalling number of independent nations, great and small.And the aailants are still on the march, threatening other nations, great and small.

Therefore, as your president, performing my constitutional duty to “give to the Congre information of the state of the union,” I find it unhappily neceary to report that the future and the safety of our country and of our democracy are overwhelmingly involved in events far beyond our borders.

Armed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents.If that defense fails, all the population and all the resources of Europe and Asia, and Africa and Austral-Asia will be dominated by conquerors.And let us remember that the total of those populations in those four continents, the total of those populations and their resources greatly exceed the sum total of the population and the resources of the whole of the Western Hemisphere -- yes, many times over.

In times like these it is immature -- and, incidentally, untrue -- for anybody to brag that an unprepared America, single-handed and with one hand tied behind its back, can hold off the whole world.

No realistic American can expect from a dictator\'s peace international generosity, or return of true independence, or world disarmament, or freedom of expreion, or freedom of religion -- or even good busine.Such a peace would bring no security for us or for our neighbors.Those who would give up eential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.

We are ahead of schedule in building warships, but we are working to get even further ahead of that schedule.

To change a whole nation from a basis of peacetime production of implements of peace to a basis of wartime production of implements of war is no small task.And the greatest difficulty comes at the beginning of the program, when new tools, new plant facilities, new aembly lines, new shipways must first be constructed before the actual material begins to flow steadily and speedily from them.

The Congre of course, must rightly keep itself informed at all times of the progre of the program.However, there is certain information, as the Congre itself will readily recognize, which, in the interests of our own security and those of the nations that we are supporting, must of needs be kept in confidence.

New circumstances are constantly begetting new needs for our safety.I shall ask this Congre for greatly increased new appropriations and authorizations to carry on what we have begun.

I also ask this Congre for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with aggreor nations.Our most useful and immediate role is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves.They do not need manpower, but they do need billions of dollars\' worth of the weapons of defense.

The time is near when they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash.We cannot, and we will not, tell them that they must surrender merely because of present inability to pay for the weapons which we know they must have.

I do not recommend that we make them a loan of dollars with which to pay for these weapons -- a loan to be repaid in dollars.I recommend that we make it poible for those nations to continue to obtain war materials in the United States, fitting their orders into our own program.And nearly all of their material would, if the time ever came, be useful in our own defense.

Taking counsel of expert military and naval authorities, considering what is best for our own security, we are free to decide how much should be kept here and how much should be sent abroad to our friends who, by their determined and heroic resistance, are giving us time in which to make ready our own defense.

For what we send abroad we shall be repaid, repaid within a reasonable time following the close of hostilities, repaid in similar materials, or at our option in other goods of many kinds which they can produce and which we need.

Let us say to the democracies: “We Americans are vitally concerned in your defense of freedom.We are putting forth our energies, our resources, and our organizing powers to give you the strength to regain and maintain a free world.We shall send you in ever-increasing numbers, ships, planes, tanks, guns.That is our purpose and our pledge.”

In fulfillment of this purpose we will not be intimidated by the threats of dictators that they will regard as a breach of international law or as an act of war our aid to the democracies which dare to resist their aggreion.Such aid -- Such aid is not an act of war, even if a dictator should unilaterally proclaim it so to be.

And when the dictators -- if the dictators -- are ready to make war upon us, they will not wait for an act of war on our part.

They did not wait for Norway or Belgium or the Netherlands to commit an act of war.Their only interest is in a new one-way international law, which lacks mutuality in its observance and therefore becomes an instrument of oppreion.The happine of future generations of Americans may well depend on how effective and how immediate we can make our aid felt.No one can tell the exact character of the emergency situations that we may be called upon to meet.The nation\'s hands must not be tied when the nation\'s life is in danger.

Yes, and we must prepare, all of us prepare, to make the sacrifices that the emergency -- almost as serious as war itself -- demands.Whatever stands in the way of speed and efficiency in defense, in defense preparations of any kind, must give way to the national need.

A free nation has the right to expect full cooperation from all groups.A free nation has the right to look to the leaders of busine, of labor, and of agriculture to take the lead in stimulating effort, not among other groups but within their own group.

The best way of dealing with the few slackers or trouble-makers in our midst is, first, to shame them by patriotic example, and if that fails, to use the sovereignty of government to save government.

As men do not live by bread alone, they do not fight by armaments alone.Those who man our defenses and those behind them who build our defenses must have the stamina and the courage which come from unshakable belief in the manner of life which they are defending.The mighty action that we are calling for cannot be based on a disregard of all the things worth fighting for.

The nation takes great satisfaction and much strength from the things which have been done to make its people conscious of their individual stake in the preservation of democratic life in America.Those things have toughened the fiber of our people, have renewed their faith and strengthened their devotion to the institutions we make ready to protect.

Certainly this is no time for any of us to stop thinking about the social and economic problems which are the root cause of the social revolution which is today a supreme factor in the world.For there is nothing mysterious about the foundations of a healthy and strong democracy.

The basic things expected by our people of their political and economic systems are simple.They are:

Equality of opportunity for youth and for others.

Jobs for those who can work.

Security for those who need it.

The ending of special privilege for the few.

The preservation of civil liberties for all.

The enjoyment -- The enjoyment of the fruits of scientific progre in a wider and constantly rising standard of living.

These are the simple, the basic things that must never be lost sight of in the turmoil and unbelievable complexity of our modern world.The inner and abiding strength of our economic and political systems is dependent upon the degree to which they fulfill these expectations.

Many subjects connected with our social economy call for immediate improvement.As examples:

We should bring more citizens under the coverage of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.

We should widen the opportunities for adequate medical care.

We should plan a better system by which persons deserving or needing gainful employment may obtain it.

I have called for personal sacrifice, and I am aured of the willingne of almost all Americans to respond to that call.A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes.In my budget meage I will recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying for today.No person should try, or be allowed to get rich out of the program, and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.

If the Congre maintains these principles the voters, putting patriotism ahead pocketbooks, will give you their applause.

In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four eential human freedoms.

The first is freedom of speech and expreion -- everywhere in the world.

The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -- everywhere in the world.

The third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -- everywhere in the world.

The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggreion against any neighbor -- anywhere in the world.

That is no vision of a distant millennium.It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation.That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called “new order” of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.

To that new order we oppose the greater conception -- the moral order.A good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.

Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change, in a perpetual, peaceful revolution, a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly, adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch.The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.

This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women, and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God.Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere.Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them.Our strength is our unity of purpose.

To that high concept there can be no end save victory.

推荐第9篇:罗斯福珍珠港事件演讲全文

Mr.Vice President, Mr.Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambaador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American meage.And while this reply stated that it seemed usele to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace.The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost.In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.I believe that I interpret the will of the Congre and of the people when I aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

罗斯福总统关于珍珠港事件的演讲

( 罗斯福总统1941年12月8日在国会的演讲)

昨天,1941年12月7日——必须永远记住这个耻辱的日子——美利坚合众国受到了日本帝国海空军突然的蓄意的攻击。美国和日本是和平相处的,根据日本的请求仍在同它的政府和天皇进行会谈,以期维护太平洋地区的和平。实际上,就在日本空军部队已经着手开始轰炸美国瓦湖岛之后的一小时,日本驻美国大使和同僚还向我们的国务卿提交了对美国最近致日方消息的正式答复。虽然复函声称继续现行外交谈判似已无用,但却并未包含有关战争或武装攻击的威胁或暗示。

历史将会作证,由于夏威夷离日本的距离如此之遥,显然表明这次进攻是经过许多天甚至许多星期精心策划的。在调停期间,日本政府蓄意以虚伪的声明和表示继续维持和平的愿望来欺骗美国。

昨天对夏威夷群岛的攻击给美国海陆军部队造成了严重的损害。我遗憾地告诉各位,许多美国人丧失了生命,此外,根据报告,美国船只在旧金山和火奴鲁鲁(檀香山)之间的公海上也遭到了鱼雷袭击。

昨天,日本政府已发动了对马来亚的进攻。

昨晚,日本军队进攻了香港。

昨晚,日本军队进攻了关岛。

昨晚,日本军队进攻了菲律宾群岛。

昨晚,日本人进攻了威克岛。

今晨,日本人进攻了中途岛。

因此,日本在整个太平洋区域采取了突然的攻势。昨天和今天的事实不言自明。美国的人民已经形成了自己的见解,并且非常清楚这关系到我们国家的安全和生存的本身。作为陆、海军总司令,我已指示,为了我们的防务采取一切措施。

但是,我们整个国家将永远记住这次对我们突袭的性质。不论要用多长时间才能战胜这次有预谋的入侵,美国人民将一定要以自己的正义力量赢得绝对的胜利。

我们现在预言,我们不仅要做出最大的努力来保卫我们自己,我们还将确保这种背信弃义的形式永远不会再次危及到我们。我这样说,相信是表达了国会和人民的意志。

敌对行动已经存在。无庸讳言,我国人民、我国领土和我国利益都处于严重危险之中。

相信我们的武装部队——依靠我国人民的坚定决心——我们将取得必然的胜利——愿上帝帮助我们!

我要求国会宣布:自1941年12月7日星期日,日本发动无端的、卑鄙的进攻时起,美国和日本帝国之间已处于战争状态。

Roosevelt\'s Pearl Harbor Speech ( Roosevelt Speech at Congre on Dec.8th 1941 ) Yesterday, Dec.7, 1941the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately at tacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the s olicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its gove rnment and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peac e in the Pacific.Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced b ombing in the American Island of Oahu, the Japanese ambaado r to the United States and his colleagues delivered to our Se cretary of State a formal reply to a recent American meage. And while this reply stated that it seemed usele to contin ue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no thre at or hint of war or of armed attack.It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan ma kes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japa nese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of hope for conti nued peace.The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused sever e damage to American naval and military forces.I regret to t ell you that very many American lives have been lost.In addi tion, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack ag ainst Malaya.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extendi ng throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and to day speak for themselves.The people of the United States hav e already formed their opinions and well understand the impli cations to the very life and safety of our nation.As command er in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all me asures be taken for our defense.That always will our whole nation remember the character of t he onslaught against us.No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditat ed invasion, the American people in their righteous might wil l win through to absolute victory.I believe that I interpret the will of the Congre and of th e people when I aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this fo rm of treachery shall never endanger us again.Hostilities ex ist.There is no blinking at the fact that that our people, o ur territory, and our interests are in grave danger.With con fidence in our armed forceswe will gain the inevitable triumph - so h elp us God.I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a sta te of war has existed between the United States and the Japan ese empire.

推荐第10篇:1933罗斯福就职演讲 中英

First Inaugural Addre of Franklin D.Roosevelt

SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1933

I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency I will addre them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our Nation impels.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me aert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--namele, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.In every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankne and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is eential to victory.I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties.They concern, thank God, only material things.Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone.

More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return.Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

Yet our distre comes from no failure of substance.We are stricken by no plague of locusts.Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for.Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it.Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.Primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind\'s goods have failed, through their own stubbornne and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and abdicated.Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

True they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition.Faced by failure of credit they have proposed only the lending of more money.Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence.They know only the rules of a generation of self-seekers.They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.The money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.The measure of the restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.

Happine lies not in the mere poeion of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits.These dark days will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves and to our fellow men.Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of succe goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in busine which too often has given to a sacred trust the likene of callous and selfish wrongdoing.Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredne of obligations, on faithful protection, on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.This Nation asks for action, and action now.

Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously.It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources.

Hand in hand with this we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.The task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing lo through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms.It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, State, and local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced.It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, and unequal.It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities which have a definitely public character.There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped merely by talking about it.We must act and act quickly.

Finally, in our progre toward a resumption of work we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order; there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people\'s money, and there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

There are the lines of attack.I shall presently urge upon a new Congre in special seion detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate aistance of the several States.

Through this program of action we addre ourselves to putting our own

national house in order and making income balance outgo.Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and neceity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy.I favor as a practical policy the putting of first things first.I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment, but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in all parts of the United States--a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.It is the way to recovery.It is the immediate way.It is the strongest aurance that the recovery will endure.

In the field of world policy I would dedicate this Nation to the policy of the good neighbor--the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others-- the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.

If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize as we have never realized before our interdependence on each other; that we can not merely take but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progre is made, no leadership becomes effective.We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and property to such discipline, because it makes poible a leadership which aims at a larger good.This I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in time of armed strife.

With this pledge taken, I aume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.

Action in this image and to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors.Our Constitution is so simple and practical that it is poible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without lo of eential form.That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has produced.It has met every stre of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.It is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us.But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require.These measures, or such other measures as the Congre may build out of its

experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

But in the event that the Congre shall fail to take one of these two courses, and in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me.I shall ask the Congre for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis--broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

For the trust reposed in me I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time.I can do no le.

We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of the national unity; with the clear consciousne of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stem performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the aurance of a rounded and permanent national life.

We do not distrust the future of eential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.They have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift I take it.

In this dedication of a Nation we humbly ask the bleing of God.May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身

富兰克林-罗斯福 第一次就职演讲星期六,1933年3月4日

我肯定,同胞们都期待我在就任总统时,会像我国目前形势所要求的那样,坦率而果断地向他们讲话。现在正是但白、勇敢地说出实话,说出全部实话的最好时刻,我们不必畏首畏尾,不着老实实面对我国今天的情况,这个伟大的国家会一如既住地坚持下去,它会复兴和繁荣起来。因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一下得不害怕的就是害怕本身——一种莫明其妙的、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它会把转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻,坦率而有活力的领导都得到过人民的理解和支持,从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件。我相信,在目前危急时刻,大家会再次给予同样的支持。我和你们都要以这种槽神,来面对我们共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难只是物质方面的。价值难以想象地贬缩了;课税增加了,我们的支付能力下降了;各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺;交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结;工业企业枯萎的落叶到处可见;农场主的产品找不到销路;千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流。

更重要的是,大批失业公民正面临严峻的生育问题,还有大批公民正以艰辛的劳动换取微薄的报酬。只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实。但是,我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫灾害。我们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安,比起他们经历过的险阻,我们仍大可感到欣慰。大自然仍在给予我们恩惠,人类的努力已使之倍增。富足的憎景近在咫尺,但就在我们见到这种情景的时候,宽裕的生活却悄然离去。这主要是因为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了,他们固执己见而又无能为力,因而已经认定失败,并撒手不管了,贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径,将受到舆论法庭的起诉,将受到人类心灵和理智的唾弃。

幸福并不在于单纯地占有主钱;幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦,在于创造性努力时的激情。务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励,而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到,我们真正的夭命不是要别人侍奉,而是为自己和同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价就完全是值得的。认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个人收益为唯一标准。来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念,我们必须制止银行界和企业界的一种行为,它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行为,难怪信心在减弱,因为增强信心只有靠诚实、荣誉感、神圣的责任感,忠实地加以维护和无私地履行职责,而没有这些,就不可能有信心。

但是,复兴不仅仅要求改变伦理观念。这个国家要求行动起来,现在就行动起来。根据宪法赋予我的职责、我准备提出一些措施,而一个受灾世界上的受灾国家也许需要这些措施。对于这些措施,以及国会根据本身的经验和智慧可能制订的其他类似措施,我将在宪法赋予我的权限内,设法迅速地予以采纳。

但是,如果国会拒不采纳这两条路线中的一条,如果国家紧急情况依然如故,我将下回避我所面临的明确的尽责方向。我将要求国会准许我使用唯一剩下的手殷来应付危机——向非常情况开战的广泛的行政权,就像我们真的遭到外敌人侵时授予我那样的广泛权力。对大家寄予我的信任,我一定报以时代所要求的勇气和献身精神,我会竭尽全力。让我们正视面前的严峻岁月,怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气,怀着寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识,怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得到的问心无愧的满足。我们的国标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安。

我们并不怀疑基本民主制度的未来。合众国人民并没有失败。他们在困难中表达了自己的委托,即要求采取直接而有力的行动。他们要求有领导的纪律和方向。他们现在选择了我作为实现他们的愿望的工具。我接受这份厚赠。

在此举国奉献之际,我们谦卑地请求上帝赐福。愿上帝保佑我们大家和每一个人,

第11篇:罗斯福新政演讲材料word

从1929到1933年的经济危机,全球就一个国家躲开了——苏联,它实行了计划经济,与世界市场不会发生直接联系。为了解决经济危机,德国采取了法西斯专政,美国则发生了罗斯福新政。 (切换)

新政共分为三个措施。

1.整顿银行。

20世纪的经济危机发生在金融领域,这是经济发展的源头。方式是让所有用户停业三天,政府进行评估。 (切换)

原来美国一共70000多家银行,评估之后保留了8家。 (切换)

这8家银行占有原来70000多家银行之中70%的存款。 (切换)

罗斯福让大银行去吸收资金,吸收多少,政府就再拨给你同样多的钱,具有激励的效果。 (切换)

2.通过《国家工业复兴法》,由国家来限定产量,市场,工人的工资。

为此,罗斯福被国会告上法院。罗斯福于是在法院裁定违宪之前实施,

待裁定违宪之后改名《国家工业复兴指导计划》,再在法院裁定违宪之 前实施,多次以来,取得了有效成果。 (切换) 3.调整农业。

2000多万头牲畜被杀死(切换) 变成(切换)

地里的肥料,1000万加仑(37854055.5569升)(切换) 牛奶倒入密西西比河。(切换)

原因:肉类售价过高无人购买,牛奶由于太多从而成为累赘(切换) 随后等待市场恢复(切换)

罗斯福新政的影响 使美国的经济走出低谷 恢复生产力

压制了法西斯势力

开创了国家干预经济发展的新模式,其效率远远高于苏联的第三个五年计划

第12篇:罗斯福在宾西法尼亚大学演讲

Adre at University of Pennsylvania

Franklin Roosevelt …

Benjamin Franklin, to whom this University owes so much, realized too that while basic principles of natural science, of morality and of the science of society were eternal and immutable, the application of these principles necearily changes with the patterns of living conditions from generation to generation.I am certain that he would insist, were he with us today, that is the whole duty of the philosopher and the educator to apply the eternal ideals of truth and goodne and justice in terms of the present and not terms of the past.Growth and change are the law of all life.Yesterday’s answers are inadequate for today’s problems---just as the solutions of today will not fill the needs of tomorrow.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unle they have fresh meaning for every new social situation.It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United States, to provide continuity for our national life--- to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history.It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth; to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future.We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.It is in great universities like this that the ideas which can aure our national safety and make tomorrow’s history, are being forged and shaped.Civilizations owes most to the men and women, known and unknown, whose free, inquiring minds and restle intellects could not be subdued by the power of tyranny.This is no time for any man to withdraw into some ivory tower and proclaim the right to hold himself aloof from the problems and the agonies of his society.The times call for bold belief that the world can be changed by men’s endeavor, and that this endeavor can lead to something new and better.No man can sever the bonds that unite him to his society simply by averting his eyes.He must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new; and have sufficient courage and skill to face novel facts and to deal with them.If democracy is to survive, it is the task of men of thought, as well as men of action, to put aside pride and prejudice; and with courage and singleminded devotion---and above all with humility---to find the truth and teach the truth that shall keep men free.We may find in that sense of purpose, the personal peace, not of repose, but of effort, the keen satisfaction of doing, the deep feeling of achievement for something far beyond ourselves, the knowledge that we build more gloriously than we know.

第13篇:罗斯福英语演讲稿:对日宣战演讲

罗斯福英语演讲稿:对日宣战演讲(中英对照)

PEARL HARBOR SPEECH

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

December 8, 1941

To the Congre of the United States:

Yesterday, Dec.7, 1941the United States of

America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.

The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.

Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambaador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American meage.While this reply stated that it seemed usele to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack.

It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace.

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.Very many American lives have been lost.In addition, American

ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.

Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the

Pacific area.The facts of yesterday speak for themselves.The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.

Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us.

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.I believe I interpret the will of the Congre and of the people when I aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.

Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.

With confidence in our armed forceswe will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us God.

I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, Dec.7, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

要求国会对日本宣战

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福

副总统先生、议长先生、各位参议员和众议员:

昨天,1941年12月7日,将成为我国的国耻日。美利坚合众国遭到了日本帝国海、空军有预谋的突然袭击。

在此之前,美国同日本处于和平状态,并应日本之请同该国政府及天皇谈判,指望维持太平洋区域的和平。

日本空军部队在美国的瓦胡岛。开始轰炸一小时后,日本驻美大使及其同僚居然还向美国国务卿递交正式复函,回答美国最近致日本的一封函件。这份复函虽然声言目前的外交谈判已无继续之必要,但却未有威胁的言词,也没有暗示将发动战争或采取军事行动。

夏威夷岛距日本的距离说明此次袭击显然是许多天前甚至几星期前所策划的,此事将记录在案。在此期间,日本政府有意用虚伪的声明和表示继续保持和平的愿望欺骗美国。

日本昨天对夏威夷群岛的袭击,给美国海、陆军造成了严重的破坏。我遗憾地告诉你们:许许多多美国人被炸死。同时,据报告,若干艘美国船只在旧金山与火奴鲁鲁之间的公海上被水雷击中。

昨天,日本政府还发动了对马来亚的袭击。

昨夜日本部队袭击了香港。

昨夜日本部队袭击了关岛。

昨夜日本部队袭击了菲律宾群岛。

昨夜日本部队袭击了威克岛。

今晨日本人袭击了中途岛。

这样,日本就在整个太平洋区域发动了全面的突然袭击。昨天和今天的情况已说明了事实的真相。美国人民已经清楚地了解到这是关系我国存亡安危的问题。

作为海、陆军总司令,我已指令采取一切手段进行防御。

我们将永远记住对我们这次袭击的性质。

无论需要多长时间去击败这次预谋的侵略,美国人民正义在手,有力量夺取彻底的胜利。

我保证我们将完全确保我们的安全,确保我们永不再受到这种背信弃义行为的危害,我相信这话说出了国会和人民的意志。

大敌当前,我国人民、领土和利益正处于极度危险的状态,我们决不可稍有懈怠。

我们相信我们的军队、我们的人民有无比坚定的决心,因此,胜利必定属于我们。愿上帝保佑我们。

我要求国会宣布:由于日本在1941年12月7日星期日对我国无故进行卑鄙的袭击,美国同日本已经处于战争状态。

第14篇:罗斯福总统关于珍珠港事件的演讲

罗斯福总统关于珍珠港事件的演讲

( 罗斯福总统1941年12月8日在国会的演讲)

昨天,1941年12月7日——必须永远记住这个耻辱的日子——美利坚合众国受到了日本帝国海空军突然的蓄意的攻击。美国和日本是和平相处的,根据日本的请求仍在同它的政府和天皇进行会谈,以期维护太平洋地区的和平。实际上,就在日本空军部队已经着手开始轰炸美国瓦湖岛之后的一小时,日本驻美国大使和同僚还向我们的国务卿提交了对美国最近致日方消息的正式答复。虽然复函声称继续现行外交谈判似已无用,但却并未包含有关战争或武装攻击的威胁或暗示。

历史将会作证,由于夏威夷离日本的距离如此之遥,显然表明这次进攻是经过许多天甚至许多星期精心策划的。在调停期间,日本政府蓄意以虚伪的声明和表示继续维持和平的愿望来欺骗美国。

昨天对夏威夷群岛的攻击给美国海陆军部队造成了严重的损害。我遗憾地告诉各位,许多美国人丧失了生命,此外,根据报告,美国船只在旧金山和火奴鲁鲁(檀香山)之间的公海上也遭到了鱼雷袭击。

昨天,日本政府已发动了对马来亚的进攻。 昨晚,日本军队进攻了香港。 昨晚,日本军队进攻了关岛。 昨晚,日本军队进攻了菲律宾群岛。

1 昨晚,日本人进攻了威克岛。 今晨,日本人进攻了中途岛。

因此,日本在整个太平洋区域采取了突然的攻势。昨天和今天的事实不言自明。美国的人民已经形成了自己的见解,并且非常清楚这关系到我们国家的安全和生存的本身。作为陆、海军总司令,我已指示,为了我们的防务采取一切措施。

但是,我们整个国家将永远记住这次对我们突袭的性质。不论要用多长时间才能战胜这次有预谋的入侵,美国人民将一定要以自己的正义力量赢得绝对的胜利。

我们现在预言,我们不仅要做出最大的努力来保卫我们自己,我们还将确保这种背信弃义的形式永远不会再次危及到我们。我这样说,相信是表达了国会和人民的意志。

敌对行动已经存在。无庸讳言,我国人民、我国领土和我国利益都处于严重危险之中。

相信我们的武装部队——依靠我国人民的坚定决心——我们将取得必然的胜利——愿上帝帮助我们!

我要求国会宣布:自1941年12月7日星期日,日本发动无端的、卑鄙的进攻时起,美国和日本帝国之间已处于战争状态。

2 背景知识

日本由1931年起,在亚洲进行军国主义扩张活动,到1939年,日本已侵占大部分中国领土,并准备挥军东南亚国家,攫取这些地区的天然资源。1940年,日本和德国、意大利组成轴心国,与英法为首的同盟国对垒。

欧洲陷于二次世界大战的战火中,但美国仍然不想卷入战争,只对日采取石油禁运,并希望透过谈判,劝阻日本的侵略行动。不过日本决定先发制人,在1941年12月7日,派出海空军部队,突袭美国位于夏威夷的海军基地--珍珠港 (Pearl Harbor),结果成功击沉、击毁美国19艘大型舰只,炸毁美国150架飞机,造成 2400多名美国人死亡,伤 1178 人。而日本付出的代价轻微,仅损失飞机 20多架和5艘袖珍潜水艇。

当时的美国总统罗斯福 (Franklin Delano Roosevelt),在发生突袭后第二日,在国会发表对日宣战的著名演说--珍珠港演说 (Pearl Harbor Speech)。美国人在日本偷袭珍珠港前,对应否加入二次大战存在分歧,偷袭事件激起民愤,结果全国团结起来,支持参战。德国和意大利亦于3日后,对美国宣战。

罗斯福是美国第32任总统,在位时间长达12年。他在1921年(39岁时)曾染上小儿麻痹症,双脚瘫痪,但他并未放弃从政的道路,继出任纽约州长后,在1933年成功入主白宫,并三次成功竞选连任,1945年4月12 日,罗斯福第4次宣誓成为美国总统后不久,因脑溢血而离开人世。

3 演说原文

PEARL HARBOR SPEECH Franklin Delano Roosevelt December 8, 1941

To the Congre of the United States:

Yesterday, Dec.7, 1941the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.

The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.

Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambaador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American meage.While this reply stated that it seemed usele to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack.

It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many 4 days or even weeks ago.During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace.

The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.Very many American lives have been lost.In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday speak for themselves.The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.

Always will we remember the character of the onslaught 5 against us.

No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.

I believe I interpret the will of the Congre and of the people when I aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.

Hostilities exist.There is no blinking at the fact that that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.

With confidence in our armed forceswe will gain the inevitable triumpha date which will live in 6 infamya date which will live in infamy),成为历史的名言,不用a date with infamy,是为了表示庄重。

拿这一句和布什911演说的第一句比较:Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts.大家都用了deliberately或deliberate,字典解作蓄意,但在这两篇演说中的意思,是有预谋或有阴谋,带有强烈批判意义。

马丁路德金在I have a Dream演说中,不断重复关键的字眼和句子,以加强煽动力,其实也是采用了罗斯福重复的手法:

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.罗斯福一连用了4个Last night和5个Japanese,绝不是累赘,也不是单调,反而令演说充满一种凝重的节奏。

演说中有一个句子的结构非常特别:Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us.这是一个倒装的句子,很多人以为应该是:We will always remember the 7 character of the onslaught against us.或者不用character,用nature:We will always remember the nature of the onslaught against us.其实Always will放在前面,是一种倒装的修辞方法,强调永远的意思,如此奇耻大辱,国民将会永志不忘。

英语中这样的倒装用法不多,另一个例子是:Not until I finish the job, may I go.没有完成工作之前,我不能离开。正确的讲法应为:I may not go until I finish the job.倒装句法较灵活,但通常用于书面语。

罗斯福演说的结论是向日本宣战:I ask that the Congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, Dec.7, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.总统权力虽然很大,但所有的行政权力,必须要由国会批准,这种上尊下卑、繁文缛节,行政与立法的关系,必须交代清楚,罗斯福不能自己说I declare that,而要不厌其烦地用两个that:I ask that the Congre declare that。

这一句用得非常聪明,他说美国和日本已经存在了战争状态,避免了我向你宣战的主语和宾语的关系。这是学英语一个比较难的地方,因为中国人学英文,往往受中文思维影响,如美国向日本宣战,但英语的客观说法:美国和日本之间存在战争状态,更能营造沉重、不共戴天、势不两立的激愤和仇恨。

演说中有一句,用了一个较特别的字眼:Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu.罗斯福用 8 Commence,而不是我们常用的Start 和Begin,因为前者较正式。我们也要留意这三个词的习惯用法:Commence bombing / Start bombing / Begin to bomb.这些英语的习惯用法,只能死记硬背,没有快捷方式可走。

罗斯福和布什发表演说的时间相距60年,但两篇演说一脉相承,在段落和字句中都闪耀着美国精神的光芒,难怪美国一直保持其超级强国的地位。

第15篇:罗斯福丘吉尔

罗斯福与丘吉尔

作者,乔恩.米查姆[美],中信出版社出版,2005年7月第一版。乔恩.米查姆,《美国新闻周刊》(Nesweek)编辑部主任,《来自我们血液中的呼声:美国人权运动文章精粹》一书编辑,1969年生于美国查塔弩加,毕业于田纳西州希瓦尼南方大学。

本书主要内容是对富兰克林.罗斯福和温斯顿.丘吉尔之间复杂的感情纠葛和友谊给出了迄今为止最为详尽的描绘。正如本书作者在前言中所说,“本书不是一部二战史,也不是英美‘特殊关系’的研究报告,相反我认为,它是对现代史上最伟大的一段友谊的真实写照,若把它比成一幅画,它应当属于印象派的范畴,因为情感都是稍纵即逝,难以把握的。”一个是英国的首相,一个是美国的总统,分别是两个不能地域不同国家的最高权力所有者,不可否认,他们身上有着太多的相似之处:同时出身于19世纪精英之家,同是第一流的政治家,20世纪和和21世纪的缔造者,他们各自品啜着拥有权力的乐趣。

但是,同时又有很多不同之处。首先,他们代表的是两个国家,两国人民不同的利益,他们不能根据自己的喜好来决定他们的友谊,也就是说,即便他们有着同样的性情,同样的爱好,同样的经历„当两个国家从自己的利益出发走向对立面时,结果是毫无疑问的,站在战场最前面的正是他们;其次,他们俩的性情是那么的不同,很多人评论说,丘吉尔与罗斯福的关系,就像是一种“爱情关系”,情感丰富的丘吉尔追求着躲躲闪闪的罗斯福。温斯顿.丘吉尔,这位伟大的首相,总给人一种热情似火的感觉,他总是出口成章,侃侃而谈,让你毫无条件的折服于他那富有才华和感召力的演讲中,从而衷心的跟随。同时,丘吉尔的随身秘书也会向我们揭示一个我们所不熟悉的温斯顿,他时常焦躁不安,作出霸道而晦涩的指示,常常让身边的人不知所措„„富兰克林.罗斯福,从出生之日起,他就习惯了备受瞩目的感觉。生活中的罗斯福是独立的,他总是习惯与人保持一种若即若离的关系,即便是他的母亲沙拉。在工作中,罗斯福八面玲珑、守口如瓶,掌握着大量信息,并可以让别人以为他认同他们的意见,总之他是一个捉摸不透的人,他几十年如一日——行动起来是一套,而心里想的其实是另一套。尽管有不同,但正如罗斯福的妻子埃莉诺所说,“从一般人可以理解的角度上来讲,一个身居要职的人就不再具有丈夫、父亲以及朋友的性质”。从罗斯福与丘吉尔在二战期间相遇相知的那一刻起,他们两个人就谁也无法真正把政治生活与个人生活分开了。政治上的需要和他们的雄心壮志决定了他们的情感世界,他们的关系和不少伟人之间的交情十分相似,属于那种一边施展治国之术一边惺惺相惜的类型。

这是一本极富价值、目光敏锐的著作,同时,也是两位处于世界巅峰的领袖妙趣横生的肖像画,他们凭借着出色的才华、相同的意愿和非同寻常的友谊在那个特殊的时刻拯救了这个世界。乔恩.米查姆的这本书在为数众多的描写这两位伟人的的著述中堪称佳作。这是汤姆.布鲁考在《最伟大的一代人》中对这本书的评价。在我看来,这本书的研究价值和创新处就在于它是以丘吉尔与罗斯福的友谊为描写核心。请注意,这不是单纯的友谊,也不是“单纯的人”的友谊,有些友谊是出于二人的真情实意,而有些友谊是则只是对共同政治利益的追逐,他们之间的友谊是20世纪最为重要的政治友谊,罗斯福与丘吉尔所代表的一个是新生强国,一个是老牌帝国,他们的结合意味着法西斯政权吞并世界计划的破产,意味着一种新的世界格局将在战后得以定型。虽然两人的友谊是以二战的进程为线索而艰难的发展的,以我们以往的观点,我们会觉得二战很枯燥、很乏味,并且很残酷,但正是这种友谊的描述使得二战也变得易为我们所接受,因为它有了一个“人性化”的背景,读来也就更加的印象深刻。

此外,本书的研究价值也是它的创新之处还在于引用素材上。如作者所说,“我有幸接触到了以前不可能接触或者不可能大规模对外开放的几个信息来源。其中有露西.默瑟.拉瑟弗德几封未公开发表的书信,包括1941年写给罗斯福总统的一封信,这封信反映了她在罗斯福情感世界中的地位,以及在罗斯福社交圈子里比我以前所知道的还要大的作用。”作者还得到丘吉尔之孙温斯顿.S.丘吉尔的同意得以查询他母亲帕梅拉.丘吉尔.哈里曼在二战时期的资料,作为伦道夫.丘吉尔夫人,帕梅拉在战争期间同克莱门蒂娜以及丘吉尔过从甚密。读完这篇文章后,你会印象很深刻,文章通篇都有克莱门蒂娜、伦道夫与帕梅拉和丘吉尔的日常对话,当然他们的对话不仅仅是生活的闲聊,它们也被蒙上了战争的阴影,由此我们不但可以真实透彻的了解丘吉尔的性情同时也可以从中窥见丘吉尔这位伟大的首相在整个二战过程中的心路历程,他的彷徨、无奈,到后来的坚定不移、积极争取。同时,我们也会看到罗斯福最为亲近的人他的妻子埃莉诺和他的母亲沙拉以及他的随从秘书、贴身幕僚哈里.霍普金斯与罗斯福在生活和工作中的点点滴滴,我们更是可以清晰的看到罗斯福在生活中的若即若离,在政治倾轧中的不动声色。虽然只是些简单的据伦道夫说、据帕梅拉说、据埃莉诺说、据霍普金斯说,但是这意味着的是真实的可以让我们嗅到人性气息的温斯顿和富兰克林,而不是遥不可及的让人望而生畏的英国首相和美国总统,这正是本书值得研究和富有价值的地方。

就本文的写作框架而言,理所当然的是围绕着二战这个线索展开,随着战争的进程、两国利益的变化以及世界形势的变幻,两人的关系忽明忽暗。全文共分为三个大部分,从1918年最初的邂逅到1941年的深秋,作者称之为锦绣年华,暗示着两人的关系在历经曲折后最终会走向握手。第二部分是从1941年冬至1943年夏末,作者称之为柳暗花明,这部分则是在两个家庭的友谊上多做着墨,更加“温馨”,这是两人友谊的升华。第三部分是从1943年秋到1945年4月12日的天人永隔,是两人的关系秋寒瑟瑟的阶段,反法西斯战争的主动权已为同盟国所掌握,胜利即在眼前,这时候两人得以建立友谊的基础也就是打到希特勒为首的法西斯政权以维护世界的和平和全世界人民的自由变得薄弱,本来这个理由就是“冠冕堂皇”的,是在本国利益与全世界的利益趋于合流的情况下提出来的,随着占据的扭转,人们开始把更多的眼光投注于战后利益瓜分上,不可避免的丘吉尔与罗斯福这两个不同利益共同体的代表要走向分歧以至于对抗。

看完这本书后,就像是看完一部再现二战这段历史的纪录片,当然这部纪录片的主角是温斯顿.丘吉尔和富兰克林.罗斯福。你会认识到他们是伟人,但他们更是普通的人。丘吉尔对利益的专注和罗斯福的闪烁其词是他们人格上的缺陷,丘吉尔这种个性使他在社交圈中咄咄逼人,使人倍感劳神;罗斯福的这种个性使他在婚姻生活和朋友圈中饱受挫折,但是,如丘吉尔曾经说过的,“要想对伟人进行公正的评价,评论家必须具有敏锐的辨别力”本书作者具备了这种素质,他让我们在看到两个真实的伟人后,也让我们看到了他们在政治上的建树,他们即便有缺点,爱嫉妒,咄咄逼人,晦涩不明,但是他们却拥有过人的历史洞察力和勇气,埃莉诺.罗斯福曾把罗斯福和丘吉尔的交往称作是一段“幸运的友谊”,事实上,整个世界都是幸运的,因为罗斯福与丘吉尔在黑暗降临的时候共同引领着光明的力量。同样,这样一本书的诞生,会为我们更好的认识两位伟人和辨别那段历史提供有力的证据。

要说这本书的不足,那就是读书过程中会有些困难,因为作者的文字基本是由两位伟人的通信、家人的叙述和当时一些报纸记者的评论及报纸报道构成,大多是感性的文字,并且作者的评断立场不是很明显,往往重于情节而忽略了史实,脉络不太清晰。

本书的参考文献:杰弗里.华德所编辑的萨克莉的日记《亲密伴侣》,马丁.吉尔伯特《丘吉尔传记》,《丘吉尔工作生活文献汇编》,《丘吉尔研究:一个历史学家的旅行》,迈克尔.贝施劳斯《肯尼迪和罗斯福》,亚瑟.施莱辛格.朱尔丹《罗斯福时代》。

第16篇:罗斯福就职演说

按:富兰克林罗斯福就任美国总统之时,美国正在遭受经济危机的沉重打击。他在就职演说中呼吁美国人摆脱恐惧心理,迅速行动起来应付危机,并要求国会授予他广泛的行政权力。)1933年3月4日

值此我就职之际,同胞们肯定期望我以我国当前情势所要求的坦率和果断来发表演说。现在确实尤其有必要坦白而果敢地谈一谈真情实况,全部的真情实况。我们没有必要去躲闪,不去老老实实地面对我国今天的情况。我们的国家过去经得起考验,今后还会经得起考验,复兴起来,繁荣下去。因此,首先,允许我申明我的坚定信念:我们唯一值得恐惧的就是恐惧本身——会使我们由后退转而前进所需的努力陷于瘫痪的那种无名的、没有道理的、毫无根据的害怕。在我们国家生活中每一个黑暗的时刻,直言不讳、坚强有力的领导都曾经得到人民的谅解和支持,从而保证了胜利。我坚信,在当前的危机时期,你们也会再一次对领导表示支持。

我和你们都要以这样一种精神来面对共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难都只是物质方面的。价值贬缩到难以想象的程度;赋税增加了;我们纳税的能力则已降低;各级政府都遇到严重的收入减少;叹交换手段难逃贸易长流冰封,看工业企业尽成枯枝残叶;农场主的产品找不到市场;千万个家庭的多年积蓄毁于一旦。

更重要的是,大批的失业公民面临严峻的生存问题,而艰苦劳动却所得甚微的也不在少数。只有愚蠢的乐天派才能否认眼前的暗淡现实。

但是,我们的困难并不是由于实质上的失败。我们没有遭到什么蝗虫之害。我们的祖先笃信上帝,无所畏惧,因而所向披靡,比起他们的艰险,我们还该说是万幸。大自然的施惠不减,而人的努力更是使其倍增。我们手头并不匮乏,然而丰足却激发不起来慷慨的用度。这首先是因为掌握人类物品交换的统治者们的顽固和无能,他们承认失败而自动退位。贪得无厌的钱商们在舆论的法庭上被宣告有罪,是为人类思想感情上所厌弃的。

他们也的确作了努力,但是他们的努力脱不开过时传统的巢臼。面对着信用的失败,他们的建议却仅是借贷更多的钱。他们失去了利润的吸引力,无法再使人民遵从他们的虚伪领导,于是他们就不惜进行敲诈,痛哭流涕地要求恢复对他们的信任。他们没有预见,而缺乏预见就要使人民遭殃。

钱商们从我们文化庙堂的高位逃走了。我们现在可以使那庙堂恢复传统的信念。能够恢复到什么程度,则看我们对于比金钱利润更高贵的价值观念予以运用的情况。

幸福并不建筑在仅仅拥有金钱上;它建筑在有所成就引起的欢乐,创造性工作所激发出的快感。一定不要在疯狂地追求瞬息即逝的利润中再去忘记劳动给我们带来的欢乐和精神上的鼓舞。我们在这些暗淡的日子里所付的代价将是完全值得的,如果我们从中汲取教训,认识到我们不应该听天由命,而应该让命运为我们自己和我们的同胞服务。

认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的,也就不会再相信担任公职和很高的政治地位之所以可贵仅仅在于官高禄厚;同时也必须终止金融业和商业中的一种作法,它常常使得神圣的委托深似无情和自私的恶行。难怪信心在减退,因为只有诚实、荣誉感、神圣的责任心、忠贞的维护和无私的作为才能鼓舞信心;没有这一切,信心出就不能存在。

然而复兴并不仅仅要求改变道德观念。祖国要求行动起来,现在就行动起来。

我们的首要任务是给人民工作。我们只要明智而勇敢地承担起来,这项任务并不是不能解决的。部分地可以由政府直接招雇,象战时紧急状况那样,同时通过雇用这些人员来完成急需的工程,从而促进和改组我们自然资源的利用。

与此同时,我们还必须认识到工业中心已经人口过剩,因此应尽力把土地提供给最善于耕种的人,一方面使土地得到更好的利用,一方面在全国范围重新分配人口。为了促成此项工作,要采取具体措施提高农产品价值,从而提高对我们城市产品的购买力。要从实际出发制止对小房产和农场取消偿还抵押所造成的悲剧和日益严重的损失。要坚持由联邦和各州以及各地方政府立即采取行动支持大量削减抵押的要求。要把救济工作统一掌管起来以避免目前的分散、浪费和不均的现象。要把一切形式的交通运输扣其他明确属于公用事业的设施置于国家计划和监督之下。总之,可以促成此项工作的方法是很多的,唯有空谈无用。我们必须行动起来,迅速行动起来。

最后,在恢复阶段中,我们需要避免旧秩序弊端重新出现的两项保证:必须严格监督一切银行储蓄、信贷和投资,以制止利用他人存款进行投机的活动;必须提供充分而有偿付能力的货币。

这就是我们的行动路线。我即将向新的国会的特别会议提出实施这些路线的具体措施,我还将要求各州立即提供支援。

通过此项行动纲领,我们将致力于整顿财政,平衡收支。我们的国际贸易关系虽然十分重要,但在时间性和必要性上必须从属于健全国民经济的任务。我主张采取切合实际的政策,分清轻重缓急。我一定竭尽一切努力通过国际经济调整来恢复同世界各地的贸易,但是国内的紧急状况是等待不得贸易上的成就的。

国家复兴的这些具体方法,其基本指导思想并不是狭隘的民族主义。我们首先考虑的是:坚持合众国国内的各种因素和合众国各个部分之间的互相依靠——承认美国拓荒精神的传统的和永远重要的体现。这是复兴的道路。这是直接的道路。这是复兴得以持久的最有力的保证。

在对外政策方面,我认为我国应该奉行睦邻政策——决心尊重自己,从而也尊重邻国的权利——珍视自己的义务,也珍视与所有邻国和全世界各国协议中所规定的神圣义务。

如果我对我国人民的情绪体会得正确,尽管我们过去在不能互相依靠时并不理解,我们现在则已经理解到:我们不能只要有所得,也要有所贡献;我们要前进,我们就必须象一支有训练而忠诚的军队那样,为了共同的纪律而乐意有所牺牲,因为没有这样的纪律就不可能前进,就不可能实现有效的领导。我相信我们愿意并且准备为这样的纪律献出我们的生命和财产,因为,只有实现这样的纪律,才能实现为了更高利益而奋斗的领导。我愿意提供这样的领导,保证使这些更高的目标将作为一种神圣义务对我们大家都有所约束,从而产生只有战时才出现过的共同责任感。

作了这项保证之后,我将无所顾忌地领导起我国人民组成的大军,纪律井然地逐一解决我们的共同问题。

我们有从先辈那里继承下来的政府形式,纪律井然地解决共同问题的行动是完全可能的。我们的宪法是简明扼要的,总是可以根据特殊的需要而在重点和安排上有所改变,而无需动摇其基本形式。正是因为如此,我们的宪政才不愧为现代世界所产生的最稳定持久的政治结构。它经受了领土的极度扩张、辛酸的内战、对外战争和国际关系的考验。

但愿正常的行政和立法分权完全足以应付我们所面对的史无前例的重任。然而,史无前例的要求和迅即行动的需要也可能使我们有必要暂时背离正常分权的公开程序。

我准备根据宪法赋予我的职责提出灾难深重的我国在当前灾难深重的世界中所需要采取的措施。这些措施,以及国会根据其本身经验和明智所决定的措施,我都将竭尽宪法所赋予我的权力迅即予以采纳。

然而,万一国会竟不能接受两类中之任一方式,万一全国紧急状况仍然严重,我也将决不回避职责明确向我提出的抉择。我会要求国会准许我使用应付危机的唯一剩余的手段——向非常状况开战的广泛行政权力,就象在实际遭受外部敌人入侵时所应授予我的大权。

对于给予我的信任,我愿意拿出时代所要求于我的勇气和坚贞。我决不会有负众望。

我们瞻望前途的艰苦时日,深感国家统一所给予我们的温暖和勇气,明确必须遵循传统的宝贵道德观念,坚信不分老幼克尽其责必能取得圆满成功。我们务使国民生计获得全面和长久的保证。

我们对基本民主的未来并未失去信念。合众国的人民并未气馁。在困难中,他们作为选民提出的要求是直接而有力的行动。他们要求的是有领导的纪律和方向。他们已经选择我来作为实现他们愿望的工具。我也是以这样的精神来担当的。

值此全国奉献之际,我们恳请上帝赐福。祝愿上帝保佑我们全体和每一个人。祝愿上帝指引我前进。

第17篇:罗斯福集邮

四年级语文上册教学设计

洪水学区语文备课组

罗斯福集邮

教学目标

1.综合运用多种方法独立识字,正确认读本课生字词。

2.引导学生采用自己喜欢的方式朗读课文,学习概括课文的方法,理解课文是从哪些方面介绍罗斯福集邮的。

3.通过学习,培养学生健康的生活情趣,扩大视野和丰富文化底蕴。教学重点

理解课文内容,朗读课文,学习概括课文的方法,理解课文是从哪些方面介绍罗斯福集邮的。 教学难点

指导学生参与集邮活动,鼓励学生畅谈个人的感受,参与名人的观点讨论。 教学准备

资料卡、课件 教学课时

二次复备

两课时

教学过程

第一课时

一、课前训练

同学们畅所欲言说说自己对邮票的认识。

二、谈话导入,激发兴趣

同学们,你们喜欢集邮吗?为什么喜欢?谈谈你集的邮票好吗?(指生交流)

有一位美国的总统也喜欢集邮,板书课题:罗斯福集邮。齐读课题。想知道罗斯福先生集邮的故事吗?那么赶紧来读读课文吧。

三、检查预习

(一)初读课文,整体感知

1.请同学们自由朗读课文,注意读准字音,读通顺句子,遇到难读的句子可以多读几遍。

2.请同学们分自然段朗读课文,其他同学边听边想一想:你们都读懂了什么? 3.指生交流自己读懂的内容。 (二)品读课文,交流感悟

1.请同学们默读课文,想一想课文是从哪几方面介绍罗斯福集邮的?用自己喜欢的标记画出有关的语句。

2.小组交流,合作学习自己最感兴趣的部分。3.全班交流:(生谈到哪一方面就相机学习)

二次复备

(1)任美国总统期间,在一次军事会议上,罗斯福清楚地告诉参谋部军官,他是集邮者,所罗门群岛的地理位置他清楚。

你是从课文的哪一自然段知道的?(第二自然段)迅速地读一读这一自然段,想想:集邮对罗斯福有什么帮助?(板书:积累知识)

还有谁想交流其他方面?

(2)他的八十万张邮票并非高价购买,而是从信封上揭下或低价购买。(板书:收集整理)

你从罗斯福收集、整理邮票的方式上能体会到什么?(不奢侈消费、节约)

小结:是啊,罗斯福虽然是总统,身份特殊,但是他和普通人一样,并不奢侈,那罗斯福在普及集邮上采取了哪些措施?(随机板书:普及集邮): (3)为普及集邮做出措施:让邮票印刷机做巡回演出,把重复的邮票捐献给二次世界大战的伤员。 (4)亲自过问两百多套邮票的印制。(板书:关心印制)

曾经有一张邮票图稿上的人物画像与罗斯福很像,罗斯福建议设计者做了修改,从这一处小小的改动中你体会到什么?(罗斯福推广集邮的目的是单纯的,是为了拓展视野、陶冶性情、积累知识、增 长才干,而不是为了自己的利益。)

4.一枚枚五彩斑斓的邮票,令罗斯福受益匪浅,

二次复备

请同学们默读课文,找出相关的语句读一读,结合课后老舍的话谈谈自己的体会。 (第七自然段)(指生交流)

谁能读一读罗斯福的话?你从他的话中能体会到他是一个什么性格的人?(坦诚、谐趣)谁能模仿罗斯福的语言起来读一读他的话?(指生朗读、互评)

小结:从你的朗读中,我们体会到了罗斯福集邮的真正内涵以及集邮所带来的巨大价值。 第二课时

一、谈话激趣

1.同学们,通过上节课的学习,我们知道了邮票是时代的一扇窗口,集邮可以培养我们健康的生活情趣,拓展我们的视野。我们班有同学集邮吗?

2.在美国历史上曾经有一位总统也和你们一样,有着同样的爱好,(出示课件)他就是罗斯福总统。

3.今天我们就来学习一篇新课文(板书课题) 4.谁查到了有关资料,给大家介绍一下。 5.罗斯福为什么会对集邮产生这样大的兴趣呢?学生初步谈谈自己的想法。

6.我们一起来看课文。

二、研读感悟

1.指名读课文,课文是从哪几方面介绍罗斯福集邮的?找出有关语句,做出标注。

2.在小组里用自己的话说一说。

二次复备

3.你最想了解哪一个方面?用自己喜欢的方式读一读,画出自己感受最深的地方,写写自己的体会。

4.四人小组交流学习体会(引导学生抓住有关词语和句子,谈感受)。

5.相机学习课文第一自然段用自己的话,说说罗斯福为什么喜欢集邮?

6.相机学习课文第

二、三自然段

(1)找出令你感动的词、句子谈谈

(2)重点理解:

从来不买价格昂贵的邮票

把自己的邮票捐给伤员,一直到去世 请不要忘了我是一个集邮者 7.指导学生读课文。 8.有感情地朗读课文

二、三段

9.还有哪些让你感受深刻的段落?相机学习

4、5自然段。想想人们被罗斯福的什么精神所感动?你想对他说些什么?

10.课件出示罗斯福的话:集邮者得到的益处是这样得多,以至于很难讲清楚这种业余爱好的最大益处是什么。但不论怎么样,集邮所提供的欢乐,证明我们的爱好是可取的,我们得到的足以抵偿我们付出的代价。

集邮给罗斯福先生带来了哪些欢乐?给我们带来了哪些欢乐?

二次复备

11.模仿罗斯福的语言风格试读一下。(指导朗读)

三、畅言收获,拓展延伸

1.学习了这篇课文,你都有哪些收获? 二次复备

四、作业

(1)有感情地朗读课文。

(2)继续搜集罗斯福的有关资料,办一份手抄报。 板书设计 罗斯福集邮

获取知识

快乐

收集整理

普及集邮

关心印制

第18篇:罗斯福就职演说

1933年3月4日美国第32届总统罗斯福就职演说

这是奉献的日子。值此就职之际,同胞们一定期待着我能够就我国目前所处形势,向他们做出坦率而果断的说明。现在正是坦诚而勇敢地说出实情、全部实情的最好时机。我们毋须害怕直面我们目前的困境。我们伟大的国家过去经得住磨难,而且还将复兴,繁荣。因此,首先允许我表明我坚定的信念,我们唯一应该感到恐惧的是恐惧本身——那种无以名状的、盲目而不可理喻的恐惧,它阻碍人们做出必要的努力,反败为胜。在我国历史上任何一个黑色时期,每一位强有力的、真诚的领导人都曾经得到了人民的理解和支持,这是胜利的根本保证。我深信,在目前的危急时刻,你们必将再次对我们的执政表示支持。

我和你们一起以这种精神来面对共同的困难。感谢上帝,这些困难都只是物质方面的。购买力已经萎缩到难以想象的程度;税收增加;人们的支持能力下降;各级政府机关面临着严重的经费削减;现行的贸易交易途径被冻结;工业企业枯枝败叶般四处飘零;农场主无法找到销售市场;成千上万家庭多年的积蓄丧失殆尽。更为严重的是,大批失业的市民们面临着严酷的生存困境,而众多的人们只能以艰苦的劳作换取微薄的报酬。只有盲目乐观的人才会无视现实的严峻。

然而,我们的不幸并不是由物质的匮乏造成的。我们没有遭受蝗虫的灾害。与我们的祖先所经受的艰难相比,我们要幸运的多了。而我们的祖先以其坚定信仰和无畏精神战胜了

这一切。大自然的恩泽不断,而人类的努力更使它锦上添花。我们的门廊前堆满了财富,但是大肆的挥霍却使我们入不敷出。这种后果主要是由商品交易的巨头们的顽固不化和愚蠢无能造成的。他们已经承认了失败,自动引退了。钱商们的无耻行径在公众舆论的法庭上受到谴责,并为世人所唾弃。

是的,他们曾经努力过,但是他们的努力却无法挣脱陈规旧俗的束缚。面对着信用危机,他们只是建议发放更多的贷款。他们惯常以利润引诱和控制大众,一旦失去了利润的诱饵,他们便不惜恩惠并施,声泪俱下地恳求公众重新恢复信心。他们只懂得利己主义的准则。他们缺乏高瞻远瞩,而没有远见的民族是要灭亡的。

钱商们从文明圣殿的高位逃跑了。现在我们可以让圣殿重新恢复传统的信念。恢复的程度取决于我们的价值观念在多大程度上高于单一的金钱利润观念。

幸福并不驻足于对钱财的占有之中,而是根植于对成功的喜悦和对创造的兴奋之中。对工作的喜悦之情和对劳动的激励之感不应该再度迷失于对转瞬即失的利润的疯狂的追逐之中。如果这段惨淡岁月促使大家认识到,我们不应该听天由命,而是应该让命运为我们自己和我们的同胞们服务,那么,我们付出的代价是完全值得的。

认识到将物质财富视为衡量成功的标准是荒谬,也就会摈弃以显著地位和个人利益作为衡量公职和官位的标准这一错误观念;而且一定会终止那种常常以冷酷和自私的错误行径敷衍公众神圣信赖的金融和商业行为。难怪公众的信心正在消失,因为只有诚实、高尚、神圣的责任感、真诚的保护措施和无私的工作才能使信心枝繁叶茂;没有这一切,信心便无法生存。

然而,复兴不仅仅需要道德观念的革新。我们的国家需要行动,需要立即行动。

我们最重要的基本任务是安臵人民的就业。这绝不是一个无法解决的难题,只要我们明智地、勇敢地正视这一问题。在某种程度上,它可以通过政府部门直接招募雇员的方式加以解决,就如我们处于战时紧急状态中所做的那样。同时,我们可以通过这种雇工的方式完成急需的工程项目,进而刺激和调整我们对自然资源的利用。

与此同时,我们必须坦率地承认,我们的工业中心人口过剩;我们要在全国范围内重新调配人口,为适合耕作的人们提供土地,以便更好地利用土地资源。我们可以通过努力提高农产品价格的途径,来促成这项工作,并借此提高城市的购买力。我们要切合实际,制止实行取消抵押品赎回权制度,挽回小家庭和小农场日益严重的损失。我们坚持要求联邦政府、州政府和各地政府立即采取措施大力削减费用;我们要对救济工作做出统筹安排,改变目前零散的、浪费的和不均的现状;我们要将所有形式的交通运输和其他一切明确的公共设施,交由国家统一计划和监控。有助于促进此项工作的方法很多,唯独空话无补于事。我们必须行动起来,立即行动起来。

最后,在恢复工作的进程中,我们需要做出两点保证,以避免重新陷入旧秩序的弊端之中:必须严格的监督所有的银行储蓄、信贷和投资活动;必须终止利用他人的款项进行投资的行为,银行必须有充足和可靠的现金储备。 这些是我们的工作路线。我会立即敦促新一届国会,在特别会议上就实行这些路线提出具体措施,而且我会要求一些州提供紧急援助。

通过这项行动纲领,我们将整顿秩序,平衡收支。恢复国际关系的工作虽然十分重要,但是从时间性和必要性而言,它必须从属于建立一个健全的国民经济体系的任务。我提倡务实的政策,分清轻重缓急。我将不遗余力地借助国际经济调整来恢复对外贸易,但是我们决不能待完成此项工作之后,再来处理国内的严峻经济形势。

这一基本思想指导着国内经济复苏的具体行动,它并不是狭义的民族主义。我们的首要考虑是,坚持合众国内部各因素和各部门之间相互依存的关系——这是对传统的、极其重要的美国拓荒精神的认同。这是复兴之道。这是一条捷径。它是复兴计划得以持续实施的强有力的保障。

在对外政策方面,我将奉行国家间的睦邻政策——坚定地尊重自己,也因此而尊重别人的权利;尊重自己的职责,同时尊重自己与世界各国之间的条约的尊严。

如果我对人民情绪的揣摩是正确的话,那么我们现在已经认识到我们之间的相互依存关系(这是我们先前从未意识到的),那就是:我们不能只是索取,我们也必须奉献。如果我们要前进,我们必须像一支训练有素且忠诚可靠的军队那样,甘于为维护良好的纪律而做出牺牲,因为没有良好的纪律就不可能有任何进步,就不可能实施有效的领导。我相信,我们愿意并且准备为实现这样的秩序而奉献我们的生命和财产,因为惟有如此,我们才能实现以大众的利益为目标的领导。我计划实施这样的领导,它能保证以更高的目标约束我们大家的神圣义务,从而形成一种只有在战时才会出现的共同承担责任的统一体。

作出这项保证之后,我将义无反顾地领导这支由我国人民组成的伟大军队,井然有序地着手处理我们的共同问题------ 根据宪法赋予我的职责,我准备提出我们积重难返的国家在灾难深重的世界中必须采取的措施。对于这些措施,以及国会根据经验和智慧提出的其它措施,我将竭尽宪法赋予我的权力之所能,尽快将它付诸实施。

然而,万一国会否决了其中的任何一种方式,万一国内的严峻形势依然没有得到缓解,我绝不会回避我那时将担负的责任。我将要求国会准予我动用解决危机的最高权力——向危机开战的广泛的行政权力,这种权利相当于国家遭受外敌入侵时我所拥有的权利。

对于大家所赋予我的信任,我将用时代所要求的勇气和奉献作为回报。我将竭尽全力------

1933年3月12日罗斯福广播讲话

我要同美国人民谈几分钟银行业。我要与少数了解银行业务的人们谈论这个话题,然而我尤其要与绝大多数只是将银行作为存款和兑现支票的场所的人们谈论这个话题------我特别要感谢他们,因为他们坚强而愉快地接受了银行假日给他们带来的不便和艰辛。我知道,一旦你们理解了我们在华盛顿所做的一切,我将一如既往地充分得到你们的合作,就如在过去的一周中我从你们那儿获得的同情和帮助一样。

首先,允许我阐明一个简单的事实:你们将钱存入银行后,银行并没有将钱放入一个安全的保管库中。银行将你们的储蓄转化为多种形式的信用投资:债券、商业证券、抵押以及其他许多形式的借贷。换句话说,银行用你们的存款推动工业和农业的车轮持续运转。你们的存款中,以货币方式保存的只占相当少的数量。在正常情况下,该数量与市民平均现金需求持平。也就是说,国内流通货币只占国内所有银行存款总数的一小部分。

那么,二月份的最后几天和三月份的最初几天里发生了什么事情?由于公众对银行的信任一落千丈,大量居民蜂拥着从银行存款中提取现金或黄金。抢提存款之风如此激烈,最殷实的银行也出现了货币短缺现象。原因很简单,在这种冲动的时刻,银行不可能为它的资产售得好价钱,只能以大大低于实际价值的恐慌价格将资产转化为现金。

到3月3日下午,国内几乎没有一家银行仍在营业。全国几乎所有州的州长都发布了通知,全面或部分地暂停了银行的业务。接着,我宣布设立全国银行假日,并以此作为政府重建财政和经济结构的第一个步骤。

第二个步骤是,国会出于爱国热情,立即通过立法批准了我的声明,并扩大我的权力,使我能够根据需要延长银行假日,并逐渐对假日实行开禁。这项法律也同时授权银行制定规划,恢复设施------第三个步骤是,依据一系列规章制度,允许银行继续发挥其主持食品和日用品的分配和发放工资的作用。虽然银行假日在许多方面造成诸多不便,然而它却为提供必需资金、挽回局势创造了机会。没有一家健全银行的处境比上周一休业时候更糟。也没有一家银行缺乏足够的实力立即重新营业。新的法律允许十二个联邦储备银行以良好的资产作保证,发行追加资金,以便在银行再开业之时能满足一切合法的需求。新的货币将由印刷局大量发送全国各地。这些货币是货真价实的,因为它以确凿的、良好的资产作为后盾。

------明天,星期一,十二个联邦储备银行所在城市的银行将率先开业。这些银行经财政部首批审核,运行状况良好。星期二,在设立合法证券交易所的城市中,那些经审查合格的银行将全面开业。这包括国内二百五十座城市。

星期三,以及在随后的日子里,根据政府完成审计的实际能力,全国各小城镇的银行将陆续恢复业务。银行重新开业有必要持续一段时期,以便银行能够申请必要的贷款,获得必需的货币,以满足自身的要求,同时也使政府有时间对银行例行常规的检查。

简而言之,假如你们的开户银行第一天没有开业,你绝不能因此而断定它不再营业。在今后任何一天开业的银行和明天开业的银行具有同样重要的地位------

我深信,在对待银行开业的政策上,国家银行部门与国家政府部门有着一致的谨慎态度,并将实行同样明确的政策。

------总之,银行将兼顾一切需求,而且我相信,过去一周那些囤积钱款的行为,已成为极为过时的方式。毋须预测,一旦人们发现他们能够取回自己的存款,能够随时因各种合法缘由而提取存款,恐惧的幽灵将很快被驱除。人们将乐意再次将金钱存放在既安全又便于随时取用的地方。我向你们保证,将钱款存放在重新开业的银行比储藏在床垫下更安全的多------

请记住,新的立法最根本的成功之处,在于它使现在的银行比以前更易于将资产转化为现金------

当然,某些未曾获得许可的银行不得重新开业。新的法律允许政府尽快有效地帮助银行完成重组工作,甚至允许政府向银行注入一部分必需的新的资金------

我们的银行业一度陷入了困境。我们的一些银行家在处理人民的资金时,或者缺乏能力,或者不够诚实。他们把托付给他们的钱财用于投机买卖和进行不明智的投资。当然,绝大多数的银行并非如此。然而,确实存在的一些银行已足以惊吓人民,使他们一时对银行产生不安全感,使他们不加区别就形成某种想法,使少数银行的不法行为玷污所有银行的声誉。政府的工作就是尽快地扭转局面,而此项工作正在进行之中------

胡佛1928年10月末纽约州演讲

------共和党是一个真正进步的党。长期以来,它一直体现了美国人民的精神。在过去的七年半中,自从我们接管了残留于战争废墟之中的政府以来,它为了国家的根本发展做出了前所未有的贡献。

如果我们说,国家得以从战争创伤中复原,以及我们今天亲眼所见的巨大进步,正是共和党的政策起了很大的作用,这完全无损于美国人民的性格和活力,这完全没有减低美国人民的成就。我想强调的是,如果没有共和党实施的英明政策,我们的国家就不可能有今天的进步。

战后,共和党政府的首要任务就是继续被战争所阻断的发展进程。这一任务包括恢复人民对未来的信心,解放并刺激他们的建设能力。它圆满地完成了这一任务。这里没有人不

知道这期间我们国家取得的巨大进步。我们每一个男人和女人都知道,今天的美国人对将来的强烈希望和信心是七年半之前无法比拟的。

------你们完全应该记得,千百万流落街头的人们重新找到了工作;建立了预算制度,减少了六百万国债的重新投入有力刺激了工业和商业的发展;连续四项税收的减少提高了每家每户的生活水平;正确的保护性关税和移民法律的实施使我们的工人和农民免除了外国货物和外来劳动力大量涌入的忧虑;你们也应该记得新的信贷方式以及许多其他有助于农业发展措施的创立;对外贸易的建立;对退伍军人的特殊照顾;航空、无线电、内陆水运和高速公路的发展;科学研究和福利事业的发展;更安全的公路设施、矿井和更美好的家园的建设;室外娱乐的普及;公共卫生和儿童保健事业的改善;以及其他许多进步措施的实施。 你们更不会忘记,今天政府所采取的经济和社会制度比以往任何时候都更加复杂,也更易于调整。这一体制必须继续保持在完全协调的状态下,才能保证人们的就业和高水平的生活不被间断。我们的政府已经开始逐步广泛地触及这个关系微妙的大网。年复一年,政府与国家兴盛的联系变得愈来愈密切。只有依靠政府的敏锐的洞察力和有益的合作,七年半来商业和就业的稳定才能得以维持。但是仍有一些地区、一些行业和一些个人没有享受到这种兴盛。而本政府的信条就是要减小这种差异------战后,当共和党接管政府时,我们便面临着决定国计民生的性质的问题。在过去的150年中,我们已经建立了自己的独特的自治政府和社会体系,它与世界其他所有的国家是根本不同的。这是美国体系,是世界上最明确和最积极的政治和社会体系。它建立于特殊的自治政府的观念之上,而分权的地方责任制是其基石。不仅如此,它还建立在这样一种观念之上,即只有通过有序的自由、解放和人人机会均等的原则,个人的能动性和创业精神才能充分地发挥。正是因为我们坚持人人机会均等的竞争原则,我们的体制远远超越了全世界所有其他体制。

战争结束时,我们的国家和全世界都面临着一个最重要的问题,那就是政府是否应该继续保持许多生产和分配部门在战时的所有权和运作方法。我们必须在强悍个人主义的美国体制和一个包含着对立信条,即集权主义与国家社会主义——的欧洲哲学体系之间,选出适合我们和平时期发展的一种体制。接受后一种体制也就意味着中央集权化将要毁灭我们的自治政府。它同时也意味着我们获得空前发展所依靠的能动性和创业精神将被破坏。

共和党当初就反对这种观点及战争实践。与民主党共同合作的国会取消了许多战争行动。当时,两党在这一点上是一致的。待共和党完全掌权后便快速而果断地恢复了我们国家最根本的观念及个人的权力和责任。因此,它给美国人民注入了新的信心和希望;它解放了企业,也进一步刺激了企业;它使得政府在这场经济竞赛中成为一名裁判,而不是队员。正因为如此,在世界其他国家发展停顿、甚至倒退之时,美国人民却大步前进着。如果有人要研究欧洲复苏缓慢的原因,他会发现其原因主要有两方面;一是其对个人能动性的限制,二是政府对各项事务的过多干预。

然而,这场运动不断地出现一系列的提议,如果它们被采纳,就很可能导致我们放弃美国的体制,屈服于从事商业事物的政府行为的破坏性运作。我们的国家正面临着禁酒、农业救济和电力等三大难题,因此我们的反对党便提出让政府来管理产生这些问题的行业。实际上,他们放弃了自己政党的信条,转而求助于国家社会主义以解决这些难题。他们建议我们取消禁酒令,而让国家来购买和销售酒类。如果他们的农业救济项目确实有实际内容,那就意味着政府直接或间接地买卖农产品并规定其价格。并且,我们将被卷入水电行业的经营中。换句话说,我们将面对着一个参与经营的庞大政府计划。

因此,美国人民又将会面临着一个根本的原则问题,那就是:我们是否为了采取毁灭其根基的办法,而放弃我们依之为基础、并超越了世界上所有其他国家的美国政治经济体制呢?我希望强调一下这些建议的严重性,也希望清楚表明我的立场。因为这与美国前途和命运息息相关。

我应该向你们阐明,这种参与经营的政府计划将会影响我们的自治政府制度和经济体制。这也会直接影响到每一个人的日常生活,同时会损坏那些官僚机构内外人士共同依赖的自由和独立根基。

------政府实际上并不能管理经营的工作,我国的铁路发展史便是最好的实例。在战争期间,政府认为必须掌管铁路部门,这一措施一直持续到战后。铁路部门在没有脱离政府之前,年年都不能满足交通运输的需求。八年后,私营企业所属的铁路系统,运输量提高了百分之十五,满足了所有的运输要求。其运费降低了百分之十五,而利润却从不足百分之一增长到百分之五。工人的工资提高了百分之十三。现在铁路工人的工资比战前提高了百分之一百二十一,而政府工作人员的工资只增长了百分之六十五。这一事例已足够说明政府管理经营的效率问题------

官僚政治总是企图扩大其影响与权力。但如果政府不能同时控制住人们的精神与思想,它也就无法进一步控制人们的日常工作与生活。政府每向商业迈进一步,就意味着它将为了使自己免受错误举措带来的政治后果,而不得不用武力去进一步控制国家的新闻和舆论。工业和商业的自由一旦不再,言论自由也即将消亡。

那些宣扬政府从事商业经营的言论是一种虚假的自由主义。使经营机构官僚化的每一步都毒害着自由主义的根基,即政治平等、言论自由、集会自由、新闻自由及机会均等的原则。这种虚假的自由主义所走的道路,不是增加了自由,而是减少了自由。自由主义不应该是大力扩展专制制度,而是应竭力限制它。真正的自由主义首先应该满怀信心地追求所有正当的自由权利;因为若没有这些自由,追求其它的幸福和利益都将是一句空话。这也是美国的所有政治和经济发展的基础。

自由主义是一种真正的精神力量,这种力量来自于一种深刻的思想认识,即经济自由不能因某种政治自由而牺牲。即使政府管理商业行为能给我们更多的效能,人们对它的根本反对仍然无法改变和消除。因为,它会破坏政治平等,会增加而不是减少滥用权力和腐败的现象,它还会遏制能动性和新生的事物,破环领导阶层的发展,抑制和削弱我们人民的思维和精神力量,毁灭平等和机遇,使自由和进步之精神干涸。因此,我们一定要抵制。而且,经过一百五十年的历史发展,自由主义已在美国体制,而不是在欧洲体制中找到了真正的精神------

我们的人民有权知道,我们是否能够解决我们的重大问题,而无须放弃我们的美国体制。我认为我们能够做到。我们已经证明我们的体制足以适应新的和复杂的经济和商业的发

展,我们能够在面对任何经济问题时,让民主依然是我们的主人,同时我们也能够继续保持机会均等和个人自由的原则------ 执政的一大问题便是如何把握对商业和工业部门的管理和控制的分寸。没有一种体系是十全十美的。在个人管理行为当中,我们有许多权力的滥用,这也是每一位优秀的公民所愤恨的。因此,政府和商业经营的互不干扰是极其重要的。

------我们的美国体制究竟给我们带来了什么样的结果呢?我们的国家如今已成为那些出身贫寒的人们寻求机会的土地,这不仅仅因为它资源丰富,行业众多,而且因为其自由的能动性和创业精神。俄国有着和我们同样丰富的自然资源和勤劳的人民,但却没有我们幸运,能拥有一百五十年历史的政府机制和社会体制。

由于坚持非中央政权的自由体制、有秩序的自由、机遇平等以及个人自由的原则,我们在人类福利方面的举措已产生全世界最大的财富。它进一步驱除了贫困,也驱除了人们对贫困的恐惧。这是人类前所未有的。过去七年里取得的进步就是明证。单单这一点,就足以驳斥我们的反对者所提出的要求,即把那些致命因素引入我们一直赖以发展的体系。

我们的国家在战争中遭受了惨重的损失,而且并没有从中得到任何好处。当时表面上的工资增长其实是一种假象。战争过后,我们变得更加贫穷。然而在过去的八年中,我们已经从战争的创伤中复原,即便除去通货膨胀部分,我们的国家收入也增加了三分之一。另有上百个证据可以证明我们的财富和收入有了大幅度的增长。生活资料、工业保险、建筑业以及贷款组织、银行存款的综合增长,无疑是普通家庭生活状况改善的最好证明。单是那些可供普通人储蓄的银行机构,在七年之内就增长了将近百分之百,其存款额超过五百亿美元。这一数目几乎相当于我们这个国家财富的六分之一。我们在家庭财富和个人投资方面也有所增长。

除了存款增加,我们人民的消费水平和生活质量也正在稳步地提高。今天,每十个家庭就差不多有九辆汽车;而在七年以前,每十个家庭平均只有不到四辆汽车可供使用。进步的口号已经从满满的饭碗变为满满的车库。我们人民的食物更充足,衣饰更考究,家园更美丽。我们的人口增加不到百分之十,而居民的居住面积却增长了百分之二十五以上。因此我们获得了更广阔的自由活动空间。人民的工资提高了,而生活费用却降低了。每个人的工作都比以前更加安全。在这一短短的时期内,我们大大削弱了人们对失贫困、失业、年老的恐惧感。而这些恐惧感也正是人类最大的灾难。

所有这些发展并不只是意味着物质享受的增加,而且也从许多方面进一步丰富和充实了人民的生活。许多新工具、新方法的产生使每个家庭得以从苦差事中解脱出来。在七年时间内,我们增输了百分之七十的电力以帮助工人,把他们从搬运夫变成机器的指挥者。我们逐步地缩小了人类的劳动强度。我们的工作时间在缩短,而娱乐时间却增长了。我们扩展了公园和娱乐场地,参加运动和比赛的机会几乎翻了一番。我们四处开展室外娱乐。国家公园的游客增长了两倍,而且在溪流和湖泊里垂钓者也大大增加,以至于鱼儿咬饵的间隔时间的拉长也似乎变成了一个政治问题。在这七年半时间内,广播给每个温馨的家庭带去了音乐和笑声,使他们受到教育,知晓时事。

由于有了更多的自由,我们的国家得以繁荣昌盛;又由于科学研究的进步和丰富的资源,我们的公众健康得以进一步改善。根据我们的保险统计专家的统计,在战后短短的时期内,人均寿命增长了将近八岁。婴儿的死亡率也降低了。每个人一生经受病痛的日子已大大的减少,那些残疾人、无依无靠者和精神病患者的护理设施也得到了改善。

------我们进一步完善了美国生活各个部门的领导阶层。我国历史上在经济生活方面的任何领导阶层,都无法与今天的领导阶层的卓越能力相比。他们对公众的责任心大大地增强。从事道德和精神事物的领导阶层也从未像今天这样秩序严谨。我们完善的教育制度正为这一杰出的领导队伍培育着接班人。

共和党所坚持的经济自由和政府自治的原则,无论在精神上还是物质上,都已经给我们国家带来了惊人的和振奋人心的进步。因此,我相信美国人民决不愿放弃他们,也不愿削弱他们。

若要使我们国家获得全面的经济进步,我们还需要解决许多大问题。在过去这几年中,我国有些集团在前进中已经落后于其他集团。这里特别需要指出的是那些从事纺织业、煤炭业和农业的集团。我们可以通过与政府的配合来帮助解决这些问题。对于农业,我们需要通过增加初始投资来帮助他们稳定生产。但是,这个办法要靠他们自己来实施,而不是由政府来进行。农业和所有工业生产的全面稳定和繁荣也是我们各个城市的愿望。我们知道你们会愉快地合作,我也坚信,在不远的将来,我们的国家一定会全面繁荣------

在我看来,美国人的生活是以家庭为基础的。我谈到了这些强大的经济力量,谈到了政府与行业之间、政府与我们的政治生活之间复杂而微妙的关系。但我最重要谈到的是,我们要加强把千百万个家庭紧紧联系在一起的纽带,要保证每个家庭的安全、幸福和独立。我头脑中的美国应该是这样一片土地,在这里,人们可以自由而独立地从事自己的工作;可以享受到财富带来的快乐,而且这种快乐并不是集中在少数人手中,而是分散在所有人的生活中,在这里,人们建立和保卫自己的家园,每个人的真诚信仰都会得到尊重;在这里,幸福而满足的人们,将免遭贫困和恐惧的折磨,他们享受着个人自由,快乐而积极地寻求更加美满的生活。也许有人要问,所有这一切除了物质上的进步外,还会导致什么呢?这一切会使人们从枯燥无味的家庭琐事中解脱出来,开阔视野,树立更高的希望;它给越来越多的服务事业提供了机会,这不仅是在我们自己国家范围内,而且是在全世界的范围内;它产生了一个身心健康的美国,一个充满青春活力、无忧无虑的国家——它慷慨大方而又富有同情心,它用开放的思想放眼全世界,正是为了达到这些更高的理想和目标,我,并谨代表共和党特此宣誓。

第19篇:罗斯福演讲稿

篇一:罗斯福演讲稿1 演讲全文:pearl harbor addre to the nation mr.vice president, mr.speaker, members of the senate, and of the house of representatives: yesterday, december 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. the united states was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific. it will be recorded that the distance of hawaii from japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or evenweeks ago.during the intervening time, the japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the united states by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace. the attack yesterday on the hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to american naval and military forces.i regret to tell you that very many american lives have been lost.in addition, american ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between san francisco andhonolulu. yesterday, the japanese government also launched an attack against malaya. last night, japanese forces attacked hong kong.last night, japanese forces attacked guam. last night, japanese forces attacked the philippine islands. last night, the japanese attacked wake island. and this morning, the japanese attacked midway island. japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the pacific area.the facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves.the people of the united states have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.i believe that i interpret the will of the congre and of the people when i aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. hostilities exist.there is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. with confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us god.i ask that the congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by japan on sunday, december 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the united states and the japanese empire.篇二:中文版罗斯福四大自由演讲稿 富兰克林.罗斯福 四大自由

在一九四一年一月六日致国会的咨文中,富兰克林.罗斯福总统要求国会根据租借法案,把必要的武器装备提供给那些总统认为其防御对美国利益至关重要的国家。由于战争逼近,他宣布了四项「人类的基本自由」这项宣布,被认为是关于美国人民准备为之奋斗的原则的最简要声明。 ……世界大战在一九一四年骤然爆发的时候,这场战争对我们美国本身的前途似乎仅有轻微的威胁。但是,随着时间的推移,美国人民开始体会到各民主国家的沦陷对我们美国的民主制度会意味着什么。

我们无须过分强调凡尔赛和约的缺陷。我们也无须反复谈论各民主国家处理世界性破坏问题的失效。我们应该记住,一九一九年的和约与早在慕尼黑会议以前就开始的「和解」(facification)相比,其不公正的程度要小得多;而在那力图向世界各大洲扩展的暴政新秩序下,这种「和解」仍在延续着。美国人民坚定不移地反对那种暴政。

每一个现实主义者都知道,民主的生活方式目前正在世界各地遭到直接的进攻--或者是武力的进攻,或者是秘密散布的恶毒宣传的进攻。散布这种宣传的是那些企图在仍然维持着和平的国家中破坏团结挑起不和的人。十六个月来,这种进攻已在数目惊人的一批大小独立国家中毁掉了整个民主生活的方式。进攻者仍在步步进逼,威胁着大大小小的其它国家。 ……作为你们的总统,执行宪法加诸于我的「向国会报导联邦情况」的责任,我认为必须向你们报告,我们国家和我们民主政治的前途与安全,已经和远离我们国境的许多事件不可抗拒地牵连在一起了。

以武力保卫民主生存的战争,现正在四大洲英勇地进行。倘若这场保卫战失败,所有在欧洲、亚洲、非洲和澳洲的人口和一切资源,均将为征服者所控制。这些人口和资源合计起来,远超过整个西半球的全部人口和资源的总数--超过很多倍……

任何现实的美国人都不能期望从一个独裁者的和平中获得国际上的宽容,或真正独立的恢复,或世界性裁军,或言论自由,

或宗教信仰自由,或者甚至公平的贸易。这样的和平决不会给我们或者我们的邻国带来任何安全。「那些宁愿放弃基本自由以求一时安全的人;既不该享有自由,也不该得到安全。」…… 我最近曾指出,现代战争可以多么迅速地将武器攻击带到我们的身旁,如果独裁国家打赢这场战争,我们就必须预计到这种攻击的到来……

当务之急是,我们的行动和我们的政策都应首先针对(几乎是专门针对)如何对付这种来自国外的危险,因为我们所有的国内问题现在都已成为这一逼近眉睫的问题的一个部分。正如在国内事务上,我们的国策是以尊重国门以内所有同胞的权利和尊严的基础,在外交事务上,我们的国策也以尊重所有大小国家的权利与尊严为依归。道德的公正原则最后将会并且也必然会获得胜利。 我们的国策是:

第一,在明确表达公众意愿以及排除党派偏见的情况下,我们致力于全面的国防。

第二,在明确表达公众意愿以及排除党派偏见的情况下,我们决定对于任何地方反抗侵略致使战火没有燃到我们西半球来的所有英勇民族,予以全力支持。我们用这种支持,来表示我们对民主事业必胜的决心;我们要加强我国本身的防御和安全。

第三,在明确表达公众意愿以及排除党派偏见的情况下,我们决定声明,道德的基本原则和我们对本身安全的考虑,将永不容许我们默认由侵略者所支配和「和解」主义者所赞许的和平。我们知道,持久和平是不能以他人的自由为代价买来的……

新情况不断为我们的安全带来新的需要。我将要求国会大量增加新的拨款并授权继续进行我们已开始的工作。

我也要求本届国会授予足够的权力与经费,以便制造多种多样的额外军需品与战争装备,供给那些现已与侵略国实际作战的国家。

我们最有效和最直接的任务,是充当他们和我们自己的兵工厂。他们不需人力,他们所需的是价值以十亿美元计的防卫武器。

用不了多久,他们将无力用现款偿付这些防御武器。我们不能也不会只因为他们无力偿付我们知道他们必须拥有的武器,便告诉他们必须投降。 我不会建议由我们贷款给他们,再由他们用该款支付购买武器的费用--一种需用现金偿还的贷款。

我建议由我们设法使那些国家继续从美国取得作战物资,并使他们的定单与我们自己的计划配合起来。一旦时刻到来,他们的几乎全部军用物资都会有利于我们自己的防卫。

根据富有经验的陆海军权威的建议,并且考虑到什么是最有利于我们自身安全,我们可以自由地决定应该在国内保留多少,

应该运给我们的外国朋友多少。他们坚定英勇抗敌,使我们赢得时间为我们自己的防卫作准备。

让我们对民主国家申明:「我们美国人极为关怀你们保卫自由的战争。我们正使用我们的实力、我们的资源和我们的组织力量,使你们有能力恢复和维系一个自由的世界。我们会给你们送来数量日增的舰艇、飞机、坦克和大炮。这是我们的目标,也是我们的誓言。」为了实现这个目标,我们不会因独裁者的威胁而退缩不前,这些人认为我们对那些胆敢抵抗他们侵略的民主国家进行支持,是违犯国际公法,是战争行为……

未来几代美国人的幸福,可能要看我们如何有效而迅速地使我们的支持产生影响而定。没有人知道,我们要面对的紧急处境是属于怎样一种性质。在国家命脉临危的时候,国家的双手绝对不能受缚。我们全体都必须准备为那种和战争本身一样严重的非常时期的要求,作出牺牲。任何阻碍迅速而有效地进行防卫准备的事,都必须为国家的需要让路……

如同人们并非单靠面包生活一样,他们也并非单靠武器来作战。那些坚守我们防御工事的人以及在他们后面建立防御工事的人必须具有耐力和勇气,而所有这些均来自对他们正在保卫的生活方式所抱的不可动摇的信念。我们所号召的伟大行动,是不可能以忽视所有值得奋斗的东西为基础的。

美国民主生活的保持是与个人利害攸关的,举国上下,对于促使人民明白这一点而做的种种事情,都非常满意,并且从中汲取了巨大力量。那些事情使我们人民的气质坚强起来,重建了他们的信心,也加强了他们对大家准备保卫的各种制度的忠诚。当然,现在并非停止考虑各种社会和经济问题的时候,这些问题都是社会革命的根本原因,而这种革命则是今天世界的一个主要因素。

一个健全巩固的民主政治的基础并不神秘。我们人民对政治和经济制度所抱的基本期望十分简单。它们是:给青年和其它人以均等机会;给能工作的人以工作;给需要保障的人以保障;终止少数人享有的特权;保护所有人的公民自由权;在生活水平更普遍和不断提高的情况下,享受科学进步的成果。

在我们这个混乱和极端复杂的现代世界中,这些是决不应忽视的简单而基本的事项。我们的各种经济和政治体制的内在和持久的力量,取决于它们满足这些期望的程度。

有不少与我们社会经济有关的事项,需要立即改善。例如:我们应当使更多的公民得到老年退休金和失业保险的保障。我们应当扩大那种使人们得到充分医疗照顾的机会。我们应当制订一套更好的制度,使那些应当并需要获得有薪职业的人们能够就业。

我曾经号召大家作个人的牺牲。我已得到保证,几乎每个美国人都心甘情愿响应我这个号召……

在我们力求安定的未来的岁月里,我们期待一个建立在四项人类基本自由之上的世界。 第一是在全世界任何地方发表言论和表达意见的自由。

第二是在全世界任何地方,人人有以自己的方式来崇拜上帝的自由。

第三是不虞匮乏的自由--这种自由,就世界范围来讲,就是一种经济上的融洽关系,它将保证全世界每一个国家的居民都过健全的、和平时期的生活。

第四是免除恐惧的自由--这种自由,就世界范围来讲,就是世界性的裁减军备,要以一种彻底的方法把它裁减到这样的程度:务使世界上没有一个国家有能力向全世界任何地区的任何邻国进行武力侵略。

这并不是对一个渺茫的黄金时代的憧憬,而是我们这个时代和我们这一代人可以实现的一种世界的坚实基础,这种世界,和独裁者想用炸弹爆炸来制造的所谓「新秩序」的暴政,是截然相反的。

对于他们那个新秩序,我们是以一种伟大的观念--道德秩序来与之相对抗的。一个优越的社会,是可以同样毫无畏惧地面对各种征服世界和在国外制造革命的阴谋的。

自美国有史以来,我们一直在从事改革--一种永久性的和平革命--一种连续不断而静悄悄地适应环境变化的革命--并不需要任何集中营或万人冢。我们所追求的世界秩序,是自由国家间的合作,以及在友好、文明的社会里共同努力。

这个国家,已把它的命运交到它千百万自由男女的手里,脑里和心里;把它对于自由的信仰交由上帝指引。自由意味着在任何地方人权都是至高无上的。凡是为了取得或保持这种权利而斗争的人,我们都予以支持。我们的力量来自我们的目标一致。

为了实现这一崇高的观念,我们是不获全胜绝不休止的。篇三:罗斯福英语演讲稿:对日宣战演讲

罗斯福英语演讲稿:对日宣战演讲(中英对照) pearl harbor speech franklin delano roosevelt december 8, 1941 to the congre of the united states: yesterday, dec.7, 1941the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan.the united states was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific.it will be recorded that the distance of hawaii from japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.during the intervening time, the japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the united states by false statements and expreions of hope for continued peace.the attack yesterday on the hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to american naval and military forces.very many american lives have been lost.in addition, american ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between san francisco and honolulu.yesterday, the japanese government also launched an attack against malaya.last night, japanese forces attacked hong kong.last night, japanese forces attacked guam.last night, japanese forces attacked the philippine islands.last night, the japanese attacked wake island.this morning, the japanese attacked midway island.japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the pacific area.the facts of yesterday speak for themselves.the people of the united states have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us.i believe i interpret the will of the congre and of the people when i aert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again.hostilities exist.there is no blinking at the fact that that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.with confidence in our armed forceswe will gain the inevitable triumph - so help us god.i ask that the congre declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by japan on sunday, dec.7, a state of war has existed between the united states and the japanese empire. 要求国会对日本宣战

富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福

副总统先生、议长先生、各位参议员和众议员:

昨天,1941年12月7日,将成为我国的国耻日。美利坚合众国遭到了日本帝国海、空军有预谋的突然袭击。

在此之前,美国同日本处于和平状态,并应日本之请同该国政府及天皇谈判,指望维持太平洋区域的和平。

日本空军部队在美国的瓦胡岛。开始轰炸一小时后,日本驻美大使及其同僚居然还向美国国务卿递交正式复函,回答美国最近致日本的一封函件。这份复函虽然声言目前的外交谈判已无继续之必要,但却未有威胁的言词,也没有暗示将发动战争或采取军事行动。

夏威夷岛距日本的距离说明此次袭击显然是许多天前甚至几星期前所策划的,此事将记录在案。在此期间,日本政府有意用虚伪的声明和表示继续保持和平的愿望欺骗美国。

日本昨天对夏威夷群岛的袭击,给美国海、陆军造成了严重的破坏。我遗憾地告诉你们:许许多多美国人被炸死。同时,据报告,若干艘美国船只在旧金山与火奴鲁鲁之间的公海上被水雷击中。

昨天,日本政府还发动了对马来亚的袭击。

昨夜日本部队袭击了香港。

昨夜日本部队袭击了关岛。

昨夜日本部队袭击了菲律宾群岛。 昨夜日本部队袭击了威克岛。

今晨日本人袭击了中途岛。

这样,日本就在整个太平洋区域发动了全面的突然袭击。昨天和今天的情况已说明了事实的真相。美国人民已经清楚地了解到这是关系我国存亡安危的问题。

作为海、陆军总司令,我已指令采取一切手段进行防御。

我们将永远记住对我们这次袭击的性质。

无论需要多长时间去击败这次预谋的侵略,美国人民正义在手,有力量夺取彻底的胜利。 我保证我们将完全确保我们的安全,确保我们永不再受到这种背信弃义行为的危害,我相信这话说出了国会和人民的意志。

大敌当前,我国人民、领土和利益正处于极度危险的状态,我们决不可稍有懈怠。

我们相信我们的军队、我们的人民有无比坚定的决心,因此,胜利必定属于我们。愿上帝保佑我们。

我要求国会宣布:由于日本在1941年12月7日星期日对我国无故进行卑鄙的袭击,美国同日本已经处于战争状态。

第20篇:罗斯福名言

罗斯福名言

1、我们必须以同样的决心,同样的紧迫感,同样的爱国主义和牺牲精神来致力于我们的任务,就好象我们处在战争中表现的那样。

2、我认为克服恐惧最好的办法理应是:面对内心所恐惧的事情,勇往直前地去做。

3、人生就象打橄榄球一样,不能犯规,也不要闪避球,而应向底线冲过去。

4、因此,让我首先表明我的坚定信念:我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身--一种莫名其妙、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧,它把人转退为进所需的种种努力化为泡影。

5、没有书籍,就不能打赢思想之战,正如没有舰就不能打赢海战一样。

6、有学问而无道德,如一恶汉有道德而无学问,如一鄙夫。

7、我认为克服恐惧最好的办法理应是:面对内心所恐惧的事情,勇往直前地去做,直到成功为止。

8、实力永远意味着责任和危险。

9、我们必须成为民主制度的伟大兵工厂。对我们来讲,这是同战争本身一样严重的紧急状况。

10、做伟大的事情,享受骄傲的成功,哪怕遭遇失败,也远胜过与既不享受什么,也不承受什么痛苦的可怜虫为伍、,因为他们生活在不知道胜利和退败为何物的灰暗混沌地带。

11、科学的博爱精神把分散在世界各地、各种热心科学的人联结成一个大家庭。

12、实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。

13、以嘲弄的眼光看待人生,是最颓靡的。

14、当人们自由地追求真理时,真理就会被发现。

罗斯福演讲
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