写作教案模板英语（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：英语写作教案

英语写作教案

Teaching Objectives: instruct students how to finish a writing task (写作任务为2013年安徽英语高考作文 on the way to school) Teaching important points: how to help students to finish a composition of good quality in a limited time Teaching methods: discuion and presenting Teaching Procedures: Step1.Pre-writing

1.审题。

作为老师，我们首先要做到的就是教学生审题，确定文章所属的题材，了解文章的主题，并按照先后的顺序将文章分段。高中英语写作题材以说明、记叙和议论为主。以2013年高考英语作文on the way to school 为例，文章要求以在我上学的路上为背景，从遵守交通规则和注意文明举止两方面说明如何讲求文明，从我做起。这种作文应为以记叙为主，并有少量议论，“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题，“遵守交通规则，注意文明举止”为要点。段落划分为三段：第一段点明主题并交代背景：在我上学的路上；第二段从“遵守交通规则，注意文明举止”两个要点阐明如何讲求文明；第三段总结全文。

2.学生们小组自由讨论：What bad behavior do you often run into on the way to school? 这种Brainstorming活动可以帮助激活学生们对话题的已知信息，为下一步的写作做好铺垫。 3.议题。

在审题的基础上，我们应先列出与文章主题内容有关的词汇、短语和句式，并形成写作思路。如讲文明应为be civilized, 从我做起应为start from me，遵守交通规则 obey traffic rules ，注意文明举止应为 behave yourself 或 well behaved。遵守交通规则的行为有不闯红灯 run red, 走人行横道 zebra croing。cause harm to 造成危害；as for… 就…而言；keep… in mind 牢记在心；keep to the right 靠右；the pedestrian croing 人行横道；regard/consider … as my duty… 把…看做职责；make a difference 有作用；有影响。讲文明的行为包括不随地吐痰spitting，不乱扔垃圾littering 。 Step 2.While - writing 第一步：学生们分小组认真读题、思考，并讨论对于这个话题他们可能会提出哪些问题（自由地，无序地，想到什么就提什么问题）。 第二步：学生们把他们的问题从语篇结构上分类。如：

第一段：目前存在的问题（紧扣主题：遵守交通和举止文明方面）及其影响 ■ How is the present situation of people obeying traffic rules? ■ How do people behave in public? ■ What are the consequences of people breaking traffic rules? ■ What effects does people’s bad behavior have? ■ …

第二段：如何解决问题（紧扣主题：上学路上，自己遵守交通和举止文明的具体做法）

■ What should we do to help to make a change? ■ What means of transport should I choose when I go to school? ■ If I take a bus to school, what should I do? ■ If I take my dad’s or mum’s car to school, what should I do? ■ If I ride a bike to school, what should I do? ■ If I walk to school, what should I do? ■ What should I do when I see some litter on the way? ■ What should I do when I see an old lady or man who wants to cro the road? ■ …

第三段：总结（感受、期望或呼吁等） ■ How do I feel about my behavior? ■ What do I anticipate? ■ …

第三步：学生们小组合作来回答这些问题。实际上这些问题的答案就基本组成了作文的核心内容。

第四步：学生们讨论需要哪些语篇结构表达。

首先，段落的主题句。

其次，语篇标志表达（Discourse Marker）。

1．过渡句。

2．“起、承、转、合”的连接表达，如： ⑴ 表并列关系的词语：

■ and, or, also，as well, too；

■ as well as…，not only…but also, both … and… ⑵ 表增补的词语：

■ in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, again, also, what’s more, similarly…

⑶ 表转折对比的过渡词：

■ although, but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary … ⑷ 表原因的词语：

■ because, since, as, for, now that, because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, for this reason, considering that, seeing that； as a result of …

⑸ 表结果的词语：

■ so, so that, so…that, such…that，as a result；therefore； thus；consequently …

⑹ 表特定的顺序关系的词语：

■ First / Firstly, … Second / Secondly, … Third / Thirdly …

■ First of all / To begin with , then, next, finally/in the end/at last … ⑺ 表总结的词语：

■ in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in short, in general, generally speaking, finally, to conclude …

……

最后，学生们讨论可能会用到哪些高级词汇、短语以及句型。 第五步：学生们独立完成各自的作文。 Step 3.Post-writing 1.教师需引导学生从以下四个方面对原稿进行再加工：①文章是否跑题。②开头和结尾是否点题，条理是否清晰，布局是否合理，内容是否连贯，格式是否正确。③要点是否写全，有无遗漏。④有无主谓、人称一致，有无时态、语态、冠词及名词单复数等方面的语法错误。

5、最后定稿

2.首先，同伴分享阅读，互助批改。然后，同伴推选写得较好的（也可以是随选择几篇）与全班同学分享。接下来，我对学生们写作的总体评价与反馈。

最后，同学们谈谈感受：今天的写作课我最大的收获是……

3.参考范文、佳例示范

提供佳作范文，让学生用心揣摩、赏析、学习。 附：范文佳例

On the way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.As for me, it should start on my way to school.I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right and never cro a road until the traffic light turns green.If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian croing.Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever poible.I hope my behavior will make a difference.

赏析：本文要点齐全，层次清晰, 表达地道，并使用相应的高级句型和高级词汇，不失为一篇佳作。

推荐第2篇：英语写作教案

How to Get a Higher mark in Writing

Teaching Goals: Help students to know how to get a higher mark in the exams.Teaching Important Points: Get students to know what makes a good composition and how to leave a good impreion on teachers in writing.Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Lead in.Step 2: Show students a full-mark composition in the College Entrance Examination to enjoy the beautiful handwriting and good sentences.

Get students to know about what makes a good composition: 1.All the important points are included 2.Beautiful language: beautiful expreions, advanced structures 3.Few mistakes 4.Well-connected, smooth, logical, tight, economical Get students to know about how to leave a good impreion on teachers in writing: 1.Keep your answer sheet clean and tidy 2.The important points should be attractive and usually in the given order 3.Pay special attention to the first three sentences and the ending.Step 3: Get students to write the composition on their test papers.书面表达（共35分） 假设你是李华，到阳光酒店去找Mr.Smith并通知他明天上午8点钟到会议中心去听演讲，主讲人是来自四川大学的王教授，讲座的内容是有关污染的问题。但是Mr.Smith不在，于是你给他留言，并详细告诉他怎样去会议中心：会议中心离酒店不远，可以步行，出酒店，然后向左转；往前走，走到一个十字路口处向右转；一直往前走，然后到达另一个十字路口；在十字路口的左边，街道的拐角处有一邮局；会议中心就在邮局的旁边。根据以上内容写出留言条，要求：文章内容连贯， 100词左右。 1.Analyze the directions.(审题）

Title，Tense and voice，Person，Style，Paragraph，The important points: 2.List the important points out.(列出要点) Why do you leave a meage?

What do you want to tell Mr.Smith? ①When?②Where?③Who?④What? 3.Translate （遣词，造句） ①我去阳光宾馆通知你去听演讲，但你不在,于是我留下口信 ②演讲时间：明天上午8点 ③演讲地点：会议中心 ④主讲人是来自四川大学的王教授 ⑤讲座的内容：污染问题

4.Write a paragraph. (润色，谋篇）

①.There will be a speech at 8 tomorrow morning.It will be given in the Conference Centre.The speaker will be Profeor Wang.He is from Sichuan University.It is about the problem of pollution.Is this paragraph well-connected? Economical? ②.There will be a speech which is about the problem of pollution in the Conference Centre at 8:00 tomorrow morning.It will be given by Profeor Wang, who is from Sichuan University.

(Better) ③.Profeor Wang, who is from Sichuan University, will talk about pollution in the Conference Centre at 8:00 tomorrow morning.(Much better) ④.There will be a speech on the problem of pollution in the Conference Centre at 8:00am tomorrow, which will be given by Profeor Wang from Sichuan University. (The best) Show the way in English 指路用语： ①.沿着此路走。Go (straight) down this road/street.Walk along this road/street.②.在第一个/第二个十字路口向左/右转。Turn left/right at the first/second croroads.Take a left/right turn…..③.坐三路车，在第三站下车。Take Bus No.3 and get off at the third stop.④.然后你就到了。Then you’ll find/come to it./You won’t mi it.5.Writing a paragraph (润色，谋篇) Go out of the hotel and turn left.And you will come to a croroads and turn right.Walk along the road and you will see another croroads.On the left you will see a post office at the corner of the street.Walk along the street and you will find the Conference Centre.Is it tight enough?

Now let’s make it tight.

When you go out of the hotel, turn left.Walk straight down the street until you come to a croroads.Take a right turn there.Keep on walking till you see another croroads.And then on the left you will see a post office at the corner of the street.The Conference Centre is next to it.But is it logical enough?

Let’s make it logical.

The Conference Centre is not far from your hotel, and therefore, you may walk there.First, when you go out of the hotel, turn left.Second, walk straight down the street until you come to a croroads.Take a right turn there.Third, keep on walking till you see another croroads.Finally, on the left you will see a post office at the corner of the street, and the Conference Centre is next to it.You won’t mi it.

Step 4: Get students to enjoy a composition with beautiful sentences and phrases.Step 5: Tips.

Ⅰ.Try some advanced structures Ⅱ.十大经典句型 Ⅲ.恰当使用过渡性词语

推荐第3篇：高考英语写作教案

高考英语写作讲义

-------张雄

Part 1

高考英语写作模板句型

（一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest

that ____.

2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，

it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____

Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.

Besides，______.

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both

advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say

that ______.To them,_____.

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more

serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young

and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it

has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as

well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar

graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but

why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they

say____.

2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst

of all，___.

3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is neceary and important to our country"s development and

construction.First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures

to______.For one thing，______For another，______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In

addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.

7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is

______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to

______.

8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has

its own disadvantages, such as ______.

9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonethele, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think

that ____.

2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.

3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____,

while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright

future is awaiting us because______.

5.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and neceary to

____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be

better and better.

6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.

7.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it neceary to____.The reasons are as follows.First

_____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.

8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very

much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view

find______.

9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discued above, we may reasonably arrive at the

conclusion that____.

10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some

undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

Part 2

高考英语写作模板文体

对比观点题型

（1）

要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1．

有一些人认为。。。 2．

另一些人认为。。。 3．

我的看法。。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.

There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They

hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more,

③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.

Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由

二）.Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨

--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain

my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

（2）

给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②

-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④

-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的

理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对 文章所讨论主题的看法)．

阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．

阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２．

分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释

义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example, -------------------(举例说明).

Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that ---------------(举例说明).

Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember

the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll

necearily benefit a lot from it.

解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １．

问题现状

２．

怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

So we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.First, ---------------(解决方法一).Then-------------(解决方法二).Furthermore, --------------(解决方法三).In my opinion, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法).Finally, I think that a bright future is coming soon because --------------(带来的好处).

说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１．

说明事物现状

２．

事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） ３．

你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)

议论文的框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

( 3 ) 答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作（申请信 )

Your addre

Month, Date, year Receiver’s addre Dear ..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in ....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand, ....On the other hand, ....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and succe.

Sincerely yours,

X X X 现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________.

《范文》

一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡） 。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.) A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.

Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….

A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The eence of these wrong actions is:

(1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with le input.

Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be lo of really important and valuable resource or ability.

We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.

Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the eence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.

Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

Part 3

高考英语名言

1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。

3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。

4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。

6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。

9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.More hasty,le speed.欲速则不达。

12.Its never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。

14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。

16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。

17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。

18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。

19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。

20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。

21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。

22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。

23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。

24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。

25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。

28.East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。

30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。

31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。

32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。

33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。

34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

35.As the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

36.To live is to learn,to learnistobetterlive.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

Part 4 高考写作常用连接词

1、表示时间的

af first 起初

next 接下来

then 然后

after that 那以后

later 后来

soon 不久

soon/shortly after ……之后不久

finally 最后

in the end 最后

eventually 最终

at last 终于

lately近来 recently 最近

since then 自从那时起

after that 那以后

in no time 不一会儿

after a while 一会儿

afterward 后来

to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点

immediately 立即、马上

meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时

earlier, until now 直到现在

suddenly=all of a sudden 突然

as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候

at the age of… 在……岁的时候

as early as 早……的时候

as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前

early in the morning 大清早

after/before dark 天黑后/前

one day 有一天

one afternoon 一天下午

one morning 一天早晨

2、表示空间的

to the right/left 朝右/左

on the rinht/left 在右/左边

in the middle of 在中间

in front of 在前面

in the front of 在前面

at the back of 在后面

at the bottom of 在底部

on the edge of 在……的边上

on top of 在……的顶部

opposite to 与……相对

close to 靠近

near to 在……附近

next to 与……相邻

under 垂直在下

over 垂直在上

below 在下方

above 在上方

acro 在……的另一边

around 在周围

behind 在后

before 在前 against 靠着、抵着

further on 再往前

3、表示列举和时序

first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last

4、表示列举

for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说

such as 如……

take…for example 拿……来说

like 像……

5、表示比较或对比

like 像

unlike 不像

similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式

compared to 与……相比

while 而

still=neverthele 然而

on the contrary 正相反

different from 与……不同

on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

in contrast with 与……成对比

6、表示增补

and 而且

both…and 不但……而且

not only…but also 不但……而且

as well as 不但……而且

also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且

in addition 并且

apart from 除了……之外

what's more 而且、更重要的

for another 另一方面

worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是

including 包括

7、表示因果

because 因为

since 既然

as 由于

now that 既然

therefore 因此

thus 这样

so 所以

as a result (of) 结果

because of=on account of 因为

thanks to 多亏、由于

for this reason 由于这个原因

if so 如果这样

if not 如果不是这样

8、表示目的

for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that…

9、表示让步

though/although no matter+疑问句

in spite of

whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though

10、表示递进或强调

besides 况且

what's more 更重要地是

thus 这样

above all 首先

indeed 的确

in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上

in other words 换句话说

in that case 那样的话

or rather 更确切地说

particularly 特别地

11、表示转折

but 但是

still 然而

however 然而

while 而

12、表示总结

in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来

in short=in a few words 简言之

in conclusion=lastly 最后地

on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上

so 所以

therefore 因此

thus 这样

as has been mentioned 正如所提到的

it is quite clear that 很显然

there is no doubt that 毫无疑问

it is well-known that 大家都知道

as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道

as/so far as I know 据我所知

to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之

13、表示转折话题

by the way 顺便说

I am afraid 我恐怕

in my opinion 依我看来

to tell the truth 说实话

to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上

推荐第4篇：英语写作教案 2

XXXXXX学院教案

2013—2014学年度第一学期

授课课程：英语写作 授课教师：XXXX 授课班级：交流生项目英语强化班

1 授课章节名称 Chapter 1 Using proper words 教学目的与要求 Grasp correct usage of words 教学重点 Diction

教学难点 The ways of distinguishing the levels of words 思考题与作业 Task 1-2 教学内容、设计与时间安排：

I.Teaching method: Discuion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in 1.Tell the function of the words 2.Discu the synonyms and antonyms Step 2.Presentation: Ⅰ.Types of words

The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three types: formal, common, and colloquial Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or bigwords.They mainly appear in formal writing, such as scholarly or theoretical works, political and legal documents, and formal lectures and addrees.Many such words contain three or more than three syllables; most of them are of Greek or Latin origin.They are seldom used in daily conversation, except for special purposes.Ⅱ.Choice of words

The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative.A word’s denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary; its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it.For instance, country, nation, state and land have more or le the same denotation and may all be translated into guojia in Chinese, but their connotations are quite different.Country refers to an area of land and its population and government, nation emphasizes the people of a country, state refers to the government or political organization of a country, and land is le precise but more literary and emotive than country.As compared here, these four words may be said to be synonyms.English is particularly rich in synonyms as a result of incorporating words from other languages over the centuries.But we should remember that it is difficult to find two words that are exactly the same in meaning and use.They may be different in stylistic level, in the degree of emphasis, in emotional coloring, in tone, and in collocation.Small and little are often interchangeable, but there is some difference in emotional coloring between them.Small is objective, while little may imply a feeling of fondne.Modest and humble both indicate a lack of pride, but modesty is a virtue and humblene is not.Humble often connotes undue self-depreciation.So they are different in tone: one is laudatory and the other is derogatory.Some synonyms have different collocations: they are habitually used with certain words.Large, not big, for instance, is used to modify nouns like amount, number and quantity (a large amount of money, a large number of people, a large quantity of beer, etc.).Similarly, with nouns denoting personal qualities, such as courage, confidence, ability, and wisdom, not big or large, but great, is commonly used.

Ⅲ.General and specific words and synonyms

Comparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific in meanin

2 g than others.Profeionals, for instance, is more general than scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, etc.all of which are more specific.But scientists may be called a general word when compared with physicists or chemists, which, in turn, is more general than biochemists.It is easy to see that the specific words on the right are much more concrete and colorful than the general ones on the left; they seem to make the reader see, hear, or feel what the writer wishes to describe.Using specific words should go along with providing details, and then there will be effective and impreive writing.Study the following examples.Ⅳ.Idioms and some phrases

An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the words that form it.To read a book‖, for instance, is not an idiom, for the meaning of the phrase is the meanings of the three words put together, and ―a book‖ can be replaced by other words like ―a newspaper‖ or ―a novel‖.To ―read between the lines‖ is different.The four words that form the phrase give no hint as to what it means and none of the words can be changed to form another understandable phrase.Idioms are frequently used in speech and writing.They help to make one’s language sound natural and idiomatic.But in using them foreign learners of English should remember the following two points: (1) most idioms are informal or colloquial in style and can be used in conversation; but a few are slang and should be used with care, such as all balled up, meaning troubled or confused, and to cough up, meaning to produce something; (2) many idioms have become clichés and are no longer fresh or interesting, such as armed to the teeth and as good as gold, and should be used sparingly.Step 3.Practice: List some idioms, such as: Practice makes perfect.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.All roads lead to Rome. Step 4.Summary:

1.Make a brief summary of the word usage 2.Summarize the synonyms Step 5.Aignment: Chapter 1 Finish doing the task 1,2 ,3 on p2-14

3 Chapter 2 Making correct and effective sentences 教学目的与要求 Grasp the coordinative and subordinate sentences 教学重点 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 教学难点 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 思考题与作业 Task 1-13 教学内容、设计与时间安排：

I.Teaching method: Discuion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in

1.Review the ways of complex sentence making

2.Discu the functions of coordination and subordination Step 2.Presentation:

I.coordination and subordination

1.Some sentences follow climactic order, the last word being the most important, and because many words are piled up before the key word, the sense of climax is made very strong.Most of the sentences are compound and compound-complex, and all of them, except the second half of the last sentence, are loose in structure.There is no suspense or climax; the tone is easy, relaxed and informal.The writer uses these loose sentences because he is enumerating facts or ideas of equal importance, and also because he aims at a natural and orderly presentation.Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct; periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary.When a sentence contains two or more chapters of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel constructions: Such parallel sentences are emphatic and forceful.When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.Balanced sentences are impreive because of the contrast, and pleasing to hear because of the rhythm.They are mainly used in formal writing, like expository and argumentative prose, and speeches.2.Figures of speech

There are various ways of using words figuratively.They are called figures of speech.Among the most common of them are: 1.Simile it is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like: 2.Metaphor it is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality.It is also a comparison, but the comparison is implied, not expreed with the word as or like.If Robert burns had written ―0 my loves a red, re rose‖ with the word like omitted, he would have used a metaphor instead of a simile.In the changed line, my love‖ is also compared to a red rose, but there is no word to indicate the comparison; hence rose is a metaphor.

Step 3.Practice: Make some coordinative and subordinate sentences according to the knowledge mentioned above.

Step 4.Summary: 1.Make a brief summary of the ways of making oordinative and subordinate sentences 2.Summarize the contents of this subject

Step 5.Cla writing Exercise: Solar Energy Reference answer: The energy crisis the world is now experiencing has forced scientists to investigate new sources of energy.It is clear that the foil fuel era is gradually coming to an end.Oil and nat

4 ural gas will be depleted first, followed eventually by coal.The need for developing energy alternatives is thus evident. Solar power is receiving wide attention as one of the poible best sources of energy.It has mainly two factors in its favor.Firstly, unlike foil fuels, it is an environmentally clean source of energy.Secondly, it is an abundant and inexhaustible source of energy.However, solar power has its disadvantages.One of them is that large collecting areas are required.The second disadvantage is that this system would not work in a cloudy area as well as at night.However, in sunny area, solar power could help solve the energy crisis.

Step 6.Aignment: Chapter 2 Task1,2 P28-34

授课章节名称 chapter 3 Developing paragraphs

5 教学目的与要求 Grasp the skills of developing paraphs 教学重点 The ways of skillfully using emphatic sentences 教学难点 Grasp the skills of wring effective sentences 思考题与作业 Task 13-20 教案内容：

I.Teaching method: Discuion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in

1.Review the functions of coordination and subordination 2.Discu the skills of wring effective sentences Step 2.Presentation: Effective Sentences 1.Unity Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence.A unified sentence exprees a single complete thought.It does not contain ideas that are not closely related, nor does it expre a thought that is not complete by itself.2.Coherence Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between chapters, a sentence is coherent when its words or chapters are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear.It is not coherent if it has faulty parallel constructions, pronouns with ambiguous reference, dangling or misplaced modifiers, confusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense, and mood.Parallel ideas had better be expreed in parallel constructions, which give emphasis, clarity and coherence to a sentence.―what he says‖ and ―his deeds‖ are not parallel in form, so one of them has to be changed.The second sentence is faulty for the same reason and can be improved in the same way.In the third, ―faith‖ and ―hope‖ are parallel, but they should be followed by different prepositions.The three sentences are labeled ―faulty‖ because of the unclear or wrong connection between certain chapters.In the first sentence ―about sportsmen‖ seems to modify ―magazine,‖ but it should modify ―story.‖ In the second the which-clause is related to ―bag‖ but apparently it is meant to modify ―books.‖ In the third ―at first‖ may modify ―mentioned‖ and may also modify ―sounded‖ –an ambiguity that should be cleared up.All the faults are caused by misplaced modifiers.The faulty sentences are not coherent because of a confusing change in person, in number, in mood, and in voice respectively.A sentence should be consistent in these respects.Unneceary shifts should be avoided.3.Concisene

Chapter 7 writing for practical purpose letters

6 教学目的与要求 Grasp the skills of writing personal and busine letters 教学重点 The ways of writing busine letters 教学难点 The ways of writing busine letters 思考题与作业 Task 19-26 教学内容、设计与时间安排： 教案内容：

I.Teaching method: Discuion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in 1.Review the skills of notices and note writing 2.Discu the skills of writing personal and busine letters Step 2.Presentation: I.Letters

Letters are important means of communication.Generally speaking, there are two types of letters, busine letters and personal letters.… 1.Form A letter has six chapters: the heading, the inside addre, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close, and the signature.(1) The heading The heading gives the full addre of the writer and the date of the letter.… (2) The inside addre The inside addre, which is often omitted in personal letters, gives the name and full addre of the addreee.(3) The salutation The salutation is a greeting to the addreee.It is written flush with the left margin two spaces below the inside addre. (4) The body In the body of the letter, all paragraphs should begin flush with the left margin (the block style) or begin with an equal indention (the indented style), and the letter is usually single-spaced within the paragraph and doubled-spaced between paragraphs.(5) The complimentary close The closing of a busine letter consists of three chapters: complimentary close, signature, and the typed name.In the complimentary close, only the first word is capitalized.…

2.Language

The style and tone of letters can be greatly varied.General speaking, the style and tone of a personal letter differ from those of a busine letter-the former is casual, whereas the latter is formal.… (1) Busine letters 1) Invitation 2) Application for entry to a college 4) Applications for visas (2) Personal letters II..Curriculum Vitae A curriculum vitae(c.v.) or resume is a short written account of the main events of one’s life.It is often required when one applies for a job.… 1.Name; Unlike most Westerners.We Chinese put our family name at the beginning as surname, whereas they put it at the end as last name.… 2.Addre: If you like, you may write both your busine or temporary addre and your home addre for example: … 3.Telephone: (0) or(W) is put after your office telephone number and (H), your home telephone number.4.Marital status: Put single or married(, no/two children).5.Education: schools should be listed either in chronological order (usually starting from the year when you entered college or when you got your first degree) or from the most recent backwards with the dates of attendance.… 6.Profeions/work Experience: Under this heading, in addition to the date, write also your position/title and the name of the institution.For example: … 7.Awards/Honors and scholarships: these include scholarships, fellowships, grants, etc: 8.Publications: Books and articles follow the format of the bibliography card in chapter Eight The Research Paper, with the name of the author omitted.… 9.Profeional Affiliations/Memberships: Examples under this heading are: 10.Lang

7 uages: You may write the following under this heading: 11.References/Referees: They are people who know you and can offer information or recommendation.The normal number of references is two or three, and it is imperative that you obtain their permiion before using their names.In addition to names of your references, provide also their positions, full addrees and telephone numbers.Step 3.Practice:

Discu the method of writing a busine letter with the method mentioned above. Step 4.Summary:

1.Make a brief summary of the ways of letter writing 2.Summarize the contents of this subject Writing exercise: Write a personal letter to your friend (about 200 words) Step 5.Aignment: Chapter 7 Task11-20 p202-216

授课章节名称 Chapter 8 Preparing research papers Steps and formats

8 教学目的与要求 Grasp the methods of writing the research paper 教学重点 The format of research paper 教学难点 The format of research paper 思考题与作业 Task 1-7

教学内容、设计与时间安排、教案内容：

I.Teaching method: Discuion and interaction II.Teaching procedures

Step 1.Revision and lead-in

1.Review the skills of writing personal and busine letters 2.Discu the methods of writing the research paper Step 2.Presentation: I.Definition and Purpose

Having learned how to write eays, we are now working at the highest and the most difficult stage of writing—thesis writing or writing of a research paper.… In the proce of preparing a research paper, we may at least achieve the following: 1) we may learn how to use libraries, how to read books critically and efficiently, and how to use them wisely and correctly. 2) we may familiarize ourselves with the knowledge and mechanics neceary for writing a research paper.

II.Steps

We go through five steps or stages in the proce of preparing a research paper: 1) choosing a topic; 2) collecting information; 3) analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out an outline; 1.Choosing a Topic The selection of a topic is the first important step in preparing a research paper.An inappropriate decision about a research topic may lead to the failure of the whole project, or at least a waste of time and energy.… 1) Selecting a general topic 2) Reading and thinking 3) Narrowing down the scope of our topic to a facet or facets which can be developed into a research paper.The following points may be used as a set of criteria for our final topic: (1) It should be a topic that is meaningful and serious.(2) It should be a topic which we are able to handle.(3) It should be a topic for which sufficient materials are available.(4) It should be a topic that can be treated objectively, a topic that does not involve personal likes or dislikes.The following example shows how to restrict the scope and how to work out a suitable topic for a research paper: It should be a topic which we are able to handle.2.Collecting information It is impoible for us to write a paper of some significance without any information, … 1) Using the library A library is a center of information.… Sample 1 About the adventures of march in the title catalogue file, we can find one of more cards for the novel published by different companies and at different times:… 2) Reading Most of the information or raw material for a paper will come from books, … 3) Taking notes While reading, we should take notes because it is almost impoible for us to remember everything we have read and without good notes it is very difficult for us to produce a good research paper.3.Analyzing the information, organizing ideas and working out an outline 1) The thesis statement 2) Outlining

4.Writing The First Draft 1) Using our own words 2 Using the proper tenses

9 3) Uniting facts and views 4) Paying attention to logic and organization 5) Making our tone objective rather than personal 6) Choosing the right style

5.Revising the Draft and Finalizing the Paper III Format

1.components of a paper 1) thesis statement and outline 2) Introduction 3) Body 4) Conclusion 5) In-text notes and works cited

2.Use of Quotations 1) Rules regarding the use of quotations 2) When to use direct quotations 3) How to use direct quotations 3.Use of notes 1) Avoiding plagiarism 2) note forms 3) Notes for supplementary information 4.Works cited 1) The book catalogue 2) Making bibliography 3) Bibliography cards for books Step 3.Practice: Discu the method of writing a research paper with the method mentioned above.Step 4.Summary: 1.Make a brief summary of the ways of research paper writing 2.Summarize the contents of this subject

推荐第5篇：初二英语写作教案

初中英语写作教案

一． 步骤

1 审题：审清作文体裁（类型）时态、人称等细节； 2 列提纲（文章结构框架）：分几段，以及每段大体内容； 3 写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点；

4 复查：看查拼写、语法、标点等问题，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等； 5 誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。 1.动笔之前，认真审题

《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。 2.围绕中心，拟定提纲

要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。书面表达，内容广泛，题材多样，要弄清考题的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记，要写清年、月、日和天气情况；如果是书信，则要注意书信的格式，注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。

3.中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。

因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手： (1) 格式是否有错。 (2) 拼写有无错误。 (3) 语言是否用错。 (4) 时态、语态错误。 (5) 标点错误。

(6) 人称是否用错。

二．作文一般框架：文章分3段：

（1）综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题；

（2）正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3 个方面，每个方面最多2句话；

（3） 结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。 三．技巧

1.上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。 2.不会表达时 (1) 迂回而行 当汉语词义不会用英语表达时，可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路，然后从英语中找出一个与其词义相近的代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。 (2) 小词大用

汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅，但在英语中可用一些常用词表达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中很有用：take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。 (3) 借花献佛

有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为刚刚做过题，记忆犹新，那么就可信手拈来，为我所用。 注意事项

1.时态一致

必须注意所用时态符合上下文。如果用过去时叙述一个故事，就要保证通篇都用过去时，不要在作文中间变成现在时。同样，如果是在谈论普遍问题、现状或日常习惯，就要用现在时，而不要用过去时

Yesterday I did my homework.It takes me

three hours.

His father thought he is good at math.2.主语一致

应该保持全文人称一致，这样读者才能跟随一个逻辑思维顺序。否则读者会感到困惑。 e.g.Although you may fail the exam, he can still be useful to the country.3.主谓一致/人称一致

确保语法正确。

e.g.Things I hate to do is doing homework.

Every people start to learn English.4.词序/语序

它能够帮助准确表达作者本意并并避免意义含糊不清。注意要让句子尽量保持英语的表达习惯。

e.g.I already have had lunch.

She with her mum traveled to Italy

In China, he knew there were big floods.5.避免词的重复。

e.g.All in all, we had a wonderful trip.We travelled acro Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne.We saw the beautiful coast of Queensland.We toured all of Perth.We had a great visit with Dan.Perhaps we will go again next winter.

推荐第6篇：英语应用文写作教案

教 案（章节备课） 篇2：英语应用文写作课程教学大纲

《英语应用文写作》课程教学大纲

一、课程基本情况

二.课程性质与任务

英语应用文写作的课程性质拟定标准为教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，即高等学校非英语专业本科生经过大学阶段的英语学习与实践应当达到一定的标准，该标准分为一般要求，较高要求和更高要求等三个层次的英语能力要求。结合我校学生的实际情况，经过一年（或一年半）的基础英语课程学习后，传媒和体育学院学生应达到《要求》的一般要求，一级班达到较高要求，达到更高要求。

因此，英语应用文写作课程在高等学校非英语专业培养目标中具有重要的地位。本课程教学任务是为达到《大学英语课程教学要求》正式版相关规定的“较高要求”而打下扎实的语言基础。通过实施过程式教学法使学生掌握应用文的写作方法，真正提高他们运用英语的能力。另一方面，课堂管理模式采用项目式教学法以培养学生的职业意识及职场所需的职业素质，为今后走入社会做准备。

三.课程主要教学内容及学时分配

四.课程教学基本内容和基本要求

（一）职业意识及职业素质背景下的写作技能提升 1.商务英语相关的词汇、短语、句型学习，进一步扩大学生的写作词汇。 2.掌握商务背景下的应用文写作句型和表达法，加强学习者的语言输入，使学生能在相应的场景下灵活自如的运用相关句型和表达法。 3.以外资公司事务为内容设计以学生为中心的应用文写作活动，采用过程式教学法与项目式教学法交叉的立体教学法，并采用pair work, group discuion, role play, presentation等活动形式，提升学生在真实文化场景中的应用文写作能力。

（二）提高运英语应用文体写作的能力，培养学生职业意识和素质。 1.通过过程式教学法与项目式教学法交叉的立体教学法激发学生的写作的热情，培养和提高学生运用英语进行不同实用的应用文体写作的能力。 2.学生们在完成该课程设置的一个个写作项目时逐渐培养了自己的职业意识和素质：独立工作的能力、团队合作精神等等，为学生走向社会从事工作打下很好的基础，对学生未来职业发展产生积极的影响。

五.课程内容的重点和深广度要求

英语应用文写作注重培养学生在商务背景下正确运用英语有效处理公司事务的能力。

六.课后作业与课外辅导的要求

每2学时一次作业，作业量根据教学内容确定。原则上每次作业数量不少于10；每周至少批改作业和辅导答疑各1次，每次作业至少批改选课人数的二分之一,每次集中答疑时间不少于2学时。

七．教材及主要参考书

教材：

史范隽.商务英语写作100主题.外文出版社, 2008年. 八.学习方法与建议

学生在学习过程中，应该积极跟随教学进度；关注“写作过程”，在写前的准备

内容输入，写中强调学生的课程参与度与学生的互助合作，写后，在学生中建立“学生互评小组”，关注写作反馈，从而提高学生英语应用文写作的兴趣与写作实践的能力。篇3：大学英语应用文写作教学课件 英语应用文写作教学课件（示范）

课程编号：12x5003 教学课件：week 11 review type 1 type 2 memos, agenda & minutes of a meeting type 3 telegrams, telexes review: form announcements: outward to announce changes in the addre/ phone number, or in executive personnel, to announce the establishment of new branches, the change in product prices, etc.inward to cover a wider range of topics.emergent occasions. attention: another place for “ name of the unit” is above the body. notice/note attention: another place for “date” is above the body. review: content rule of relevancy review: language be concise and precise.attention to the integration of formality and emotion of language.study the following instances and consider the use of pronouns and impersonal structures. 1a we are pleased to inform you that on account of rapid increase in the volume of our trade with new york, we have decided to open a new branch at 314 broadway with mr.li xiao-gang in charge. 1b it is a great pleasure to inform you that approved by the board of directors the personnel department has decided to appoint you the secretary of general manager. 2a we are so sorry to inform you that due to the present economic depreion, the board of directors has decided to dismi some employees from their posts, and you are one among them.2b we regret to inform you that we have received no reply to our letter in which we asked for settlement of our account sent to you on june 20. 3a 3b it is hereby proclaimed that the board of directors has decided to appoint ms liu ling secretary of the management. activity 1 directions: read the criteria of “good announcement” listed below.then form pairs and examine your partner’s announcements.point out the problems, if any, to him/her.--- be clear and precise in language; --- provide explanation for unusual or unexpected happenings. activity 2 attention: this is le formal. activity 3 directions: please translate the following announcement into english. reference: type 2 memos, agenda & minutes of a meeting a memorandumor reminding the recipient of something important.it serves as an exchanging of information between departments within a busine or official agency or between agencies for the following purposes: 1) to give information; 2) to request information; 3) to request action; 4) to put forward suggestions the format of a memorandum is diagramed as follows: attention: 1.the element “date” may appear in different places. 2.sometimes “subject” is replaced by “reference”. when it appears in the form of a letter, a memo usually includes --- heading (addreer’s name, addre, phone no., telegram no., telex no., etc.).if this is already inscribed on the top of the stationary, it begins with --- date, --- addreee’s name, title, addre --- subject [1] --- salutation --- body --- signature attention: subject should be centered when it appears below the salutation. sometimes a memo may include information about distribution list, copy notation (c.c.) or even enclosure.the format then is like this: activity 1 directions: read the sample and generalize the features. sample篇4：英语应用文写作教案 part 2 secretarial writing notice of meeting the different forms of notice of meeting and examples: notice of meeting on the blackboard or bulletin board: notice of meeting in memo: notice of meeting of an international symposium writing of minutes of meeting the heading of minutes: board of directors --minutes of meeting held on? the generic structure of minutes: the minutes of meeting include: 1 what the meeting was about(heading) 2 when and where the meeting was held(time & place) 3 who attend the meeting(presiding, present, absent) 4 what happened at the meeting(agenda & activities) the format of minutes of meeting: [layout 1] (转载于:英语应用文写作教案) [layout 2] past tense and paive voice in minutes: past tense and paive voice are often used in minutes, for example: ◆ the minutes of the meeting held on 21 january 1999 were agreed and signed. ◆ the continuing education schemes of study were discued and the following observations were made: ◆ a letter received by alwyn roberts from the welsh funding council was noted. ◆ after some discuions, it was decided that? reported speech in minutes: reported speech is another distinct feature of minutes, it will be used篇5：英语应用文写作课程简介

英语应用文写作

（practical english writing）课程简介

课程编号： 050249 学时[学分]： 32[2] 课程类型：任选课

先修课程：英语应用文写作 适用专业：非英语专业本科实验班、卓越班等

本课程的培养目标为：通过实施过程式教学法使学生掌握应用文的写作方法，真正提高他们运用英语的能力。另一方面，课堂管理模式采用项目式教学法以培养学生的职业意识及职场所需的职业素质，为今后走入社会做准备。本课程在课程设置、教学模式、教学评估等方面的要求体现在以下几个方面：

（1）本课程采用过程式教学法与项目式教学法交叉的立体教学法，旨在激发学生的写作的热情，培养和提高学生应用文体写作的能力。根据学生的实际学习情况，按照求职与应聘、商务交际与事务处理的进程将课程学习分为几大模块，每一大模块又包括若干个子模块。其内容包括：商务英语写作概述； 商务信函结构与格式；人事事务：求职信、个人简历、招聘、申请；商务交际：邀请信、祝贺信、感谢信、道歉信、慰问信、通知与启事；事务处理：电子邮件、备忘录、会议纪要、公司简章、商品使用说明、项目计划书等。

（2）“写作过程”为教学中心的教学法，在整个教学过程强调学生观点的批判性和创新性，在写前、写中课堂讨论中尽量鼓励有新观点的学生发言、阐述自己的观点，在写后对于有新观点的习作，都给予较高评价。为提高学生的课程参与度 ，在学生中建立“学生互评小组”，鼓励学生以读者的眼光审视另一位学生的写作，培养其运用写作基础知识辨别优点和不足的能力。

(3) 英语应用文写作课程不生搬硬套使用一本固定教材，向学生提供阅读清单。教材形式有纸质和多媒体等。引进《作文批改网》教学平台，将学习课堂拓展由教室到网站二维空间。并将批改后的优秀作文连同评语在平台共享，让学生阅读学习，大大提高了习作批改的质量和效率；同时，批改作文时将发生的错误分类，用数据引起学生对作文中存在问题的认识和重视。 （4）在教学评估环节，除传统意义上的期末纸质化测试之外，课程辅之以平时学习进程监控模式、学期口语测试，并加强网络化学习效度监测和控制体系。 总体而言，本课程的主要特色归纳为写作能力培养突显化；学生自主学习网络化、多元化、个性化；学习评价及反馈机制科学、合理、客观化。

推荐第7篇：英语高级写作教案

英语高级写作课程教案

学期：2012 — 2013学年第2学期 学时：32 学分：2 授课对象：外国语学院10级英语专业学生 教

材：《写作教程 第四册》，2007，

上海外语教育出版社 任课教师：宇文静 陈琳

1．课程成果：

通过本课程的学习，学生能够初步掌握科学研究的基本方法和能力，巩固和加深所学的基本理论和技能，了解英语论文写作的有关知识、技巧、和策略，选择和确定适当的论文题目，初拟论文提纲。

2．教学方法：

课堂讲授，举例，演示

3．课程考核：

课程成绩（100%）=平时考核（100%）+期末考试（0%）平时考核 100分=100分+0分

1.平时成绩：100分折合为总成绩的100% 注： 100分： 作业8次中取5次，每次20分；

0分： 随机抽查5次出勤，不计分，3次无故缺勤者取消其成

绩。

2．期末成绩：无 3．考试方式：大作业

1 Lecture 1: Introduction to Thesis Writing (Unit 1)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Understand the aim of the course 2.Grasp generally some information about graduation thesis 3.Understand what constitutes a good topic for research

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

1.Principles and Requirements of Graduation Thesis 2.Components of Graduation Thesis 3.Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing

四、教学内容

Introduction to Graduation Thesis 1 What is a thesis?

It is a research paper composed by a college student when he/she has finished college study with the help of his /her supervisor, which is also called graduation thesis.2 Significance of thesis writing a.Institutional purpose: b.

Personal purposes: 3 Scales of thesis writing Literature, Translation, Linguistics, TEFL, Cro-Culture, Other social science ( e.g.Busine English, EST, etc.) 4 Evaluation of a thesis Letter grade ( A.B.C.D.F) is based on its content, structure, language and format.Apart from that, oral defense also counts in many colleges, and so does it in our institute. 5 Principles of thesis writing Learning Principle; Independence Principle; Scientific Principle; Scholarly Principle; Creative Principle; Norm Principle.6 Requirements of thesis writing Length; Format; Content; Book binding and layout.7 Steps of Graduation Thesis Writing Choose a topic, collect and organize materials, compose the first draft, revise the draft and finalize it.

五、作业

Read Unit 2 after cla..

Lecture 2: Choosing a Topic for a Thesis (Unit 2)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Know what steps to follow when choosing a topic 2.Learn how to improve topics that have problems

2

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Know how to work out an effective research topic.

四、教学内容

1.Principles for choosing a thesis topic Significance (Importance) and Interest; Manageability/Practicality; Flexibility 2.What topics should be avoided? 3.Proce of choosing a topic Decide on the subject area---------Choose a topic---------Focus into a question---------Design a title 3.1 Subject areas: literature, linguistics, translation, TEFL, cro-culture and other subject areas 3.2 Finding a Research Problem 3.3 Design a title 4.Exercise 1: literary criticism /comparative study Exercise 2: revise the following topics

五、作业

Search for as many thesis titles as poible to get the idea of title designing and design your own title..

Lecture 3: Collecting & Organizing Material (Unit 3)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Learn how to find and evaluate the sources 2.Learn how to document the sources .

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Choose proper material; write a thesis statement.

四、教学内容

1 Major sources of related literature 2 Guidelines for choosing proper materials 3 Documenting material 4 Reading in depth Exercise : Analyze the different parts of the following thesis statement.

五、作业

Read the textbook Unit 3 and create your working bibliography, using APA style.

3 Lecture 4: Outlining a Thesis (Unit 6)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Know the format of an outline 2 Be familiar with the types of outline 3 Grasp how to construct an outline.

二、学时安排

2 hours

三、重点难点

1 The format of an outline 2 How to construct an outline .

四、教学内容

1 What is an outline? 2 The Benefits of an Outline 3 Proce of constructing a thesis 4 Types of the outline 5 Formats of the outline 6 Conventions and contents of outlines 7 Principles for Structuring an outline Exercise: Outlining the following thesis

五、作业

Based on your topic and thesis statement, with the accumulation of related material, please construct your own outline.

Lecture 5: Introduction Writing (Unit 7)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Master the elements of the Introduction chapter of a thesis.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Understand and know how to compose the Introduction chapter.

四、教学内容

Components of the Introduction Chapter:  Introduction  Background of the study

 The profeional significance of the study  Overview (structure) of the thesis Exercise:

Find the problems in the Introduction chapter of the thesis at hand.

五、作业

Finish the introduction chapter for your thesis.

Lecture 6: Literature Review (Unit 7)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Know what are included in a literature review 2 Know how to compose a literature review .

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master how to organize a literature review and how to summarize and paraphrase.

四、教学内容

What is a Literature Review? Procedure for Writing a Literature Review Exercises:

1: Find a focus for the following titles 2: Write a Summary

五、作业

Write a literature review briefly.

Lecture 7: Quotation (Unit 8)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Master the way of quotation.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Different quotation formats for different material.

四、教学内容

Differences between quotation and citation Types of quotation: direct and indirect Quotation of different material: Poetry, drama, etc.Exercise:

Revise each of the following sentences, deleting quotation marks used inappropriately, moving those placed incorrectly, and using more formal languages.

五、作业

Remember the format of quotation.

5 Lecture 8: Citation (Unit 8)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Master the way of citation.

二、学时安排

2 hours

三、重点难点

Different citation formats for different material.

四、教学内容

Purposes of documentation Types of citation: In-text Citation and References Formats of In-text Citation: MLA, APA, Chicago Manual style

五、作业

Remember the APA format of citation.

Lecture 9: Methodology (Unit 4)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Know how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis 2.Know how to write the methodology part in a linguistic thesis 3.Know how to write a good findings and discuion

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master how to conduct a research in a linguistic thesis.

四、教学内容

Definition of Methodology Methodology in a thesis on linguistics 1.Components 2.Organization

3.How to carry out research 4.Findings and Discuion Exercise: Analyze samples: What research tools are used? How?

五、作业

Learn SPSS after cla: SPSS教程 .

6 Lecture 10: Methodology (Unit 4)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Know how to design a good questionnaire; 2.Master the methods to interpret a work of literature.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master questionnaire design and how to interpret a work of literature.

四、教学内容

Questionnaire design 1.Criteria for a good questionnaire 2.Steps for questionnaire design 3.Exercise: Proce the following data Methodology in a Literary Thesis 1.Methods: explication(解读), analysis, comparison and contrast 2.Literature Criticism:

五、作业

Design a questionnaire to collect opinions of the second- year Non-English majors on their L2 learning strategies.中国非英语专业大二学生英语学习策略

Lecture 11: Conclusion, Abstract & Acknowledgements (Unit 7)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

1.Know how to write the Conclusion of a thesis 2.Know how to write the Abstract of a thesis 3 Know how to draft Acknowledgement.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master Conclusion writing and Abstract writing.

四、教学内容

Conclusion Writing 1.Restatement 2.Summary 3.Future research direction Abstract Writing 1 Types of Abstract: descriptive and informative

7 2.Requirements 3 Key Words Acknowledgements 1.Purposes 2.Requirements Exercise: Read the following abstracts and then discu the merits and defects of the abstracts.

五、作业

Choose key words for your thesis.

Lecture 12: Format-Listing Sources (Unit 8)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Know how to document sources at the end of the thesis.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master the use of punctuations and italicization.

四、教学内容

Basic rules for bibliographic citation 1.Authors 2.Books 3.Author with an editor 4.Author with an translator 5.Work in an anthology 6.Magazines 7.Encyclopedia or dictionary entry 8.Electronic sources 9.Notes: Chinese references Exercise: Create the Reference entry with the given information

五、作业

Design your own references.

Lecture 13: Format and Mechanics (Unit 8)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Know some rules of format and mechanics.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master Contents format and Page number format.

四、教学内容 Format 1 Contents 2 Tables and figures 3 Page numbers Mechanics 1 Capitalization 2 Abbreviations 3 Italicizing and underlining 4 Numbers 5 Tables and Figures Exercise Find out the problems of the following Contents

五、作业

根据以下论文内容，加页码并自动生成目录

Lecture 14: Language Style (Additional Material)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Know the characteristics of thesis language.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master diction and voice.

四、教学内容 Diction: formal Tone: Judgment: careful and impartial basic tone: rational, impersonal and unemotional Voice: third-person pronouns (he, she, they or it)—subjects of sentences Economy: write concisely and straightforwardly Use of Tenses: 1.Literature 2.Theory or philosophy 3.Research results 4.Review of literature Unbiased language Constructing paragraphs a paragraph—a single unit declare a point—offer support for the point

9 A topic sentence—a tiny thesis statement Exercise: Find out the problems of these sentences.

五、作业

Revise your introduction and literature review parts.

Lecture 15: Summary (Unit 9)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Get a systematic idea of thesis writing.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点

Master the requirements of structure, language and format.

四、教学内容

Title: informative, revealing Abstract: should contain the following elements Research topic, research purpose, research methods, research results, implications, conclusion.Key words: high frequency in the thesis, focus of the thesis, 3-5 words Introduction: a.Background of the study

b.The profeional significance of the study c.Overview (structure) of the thesis Literature Review: Cover the basic categories • Introduction: central theme or organizational pattern • Body: Organize sources chronologically, thematically, or methodologically • Conclusions/Recommendations: Discu what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far.Where might the discuion proceed? Methodology:

what (tool/instrument); Who(subjects); How(data collection, procedures) Findings: Data presentation & data description Discuion:

Supplying meaning to statistics, tables, charts, etc.

Making comments that are relevant to the research intention/purpose Conclusion:

Restate the research purpose, some background information, etc; Summarize research design, results, interpretation and implication, etc; Suggest future research direction by pointing out limitations of the study and tentative proposals for future research.Acknowledgements:

a.confined to one page, immediately after the Conclusion b.language: sincere, brief, proper

10 c.Order: More important-le important; Individual – collective References:

英文参考文献基本格式：

期刊： 作者. 文章名.（需用引号，且引在“.”之外）期刊名（斜体）.第几期（年代）：页码.专著： 作者.文献题名（斜体）.出版地：出版社, 出版年.

中文参考文献基本格式：

专著：主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地：出版社,出版年 期刊：主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年(期)：页码.language:

formal, objective, concise, proper Contents: 自动生成目录，注意页码及字号。

Tables and figures: 注意标题书写，Tables两边不封。

Page numbers: 正文前和正文的页码不同，前者小写罗马数字，后者小写阿拉伯数字，需用分隔符。

Exercise: Evaluate the two sample papers on page 154-215

五、作业

Review what we have learned.

Lecture 16: Oral Defense (Additional Material)

一、课程成果（Outcome）

Know how to give a good oral defense.

二、学时安排 2 hours

三、重点难点 PPT design.

四、教学内容

Introduction to Oral Defense Purpose: examine whether the researcher understand and master the research and the thesis. Components: Presentation + defense Requirements: design PPT; Presentation 10minutes; defense 10minutes. Prepare for the oral defense 1.Circulate the thesis to the other committee members.2.Be familiar with the structure, contents, research method, major findings and major arguments.3.Explain the thesis briefly.4.Prepare in ppt format.Your focus: topic, research method, findings.Support the argument with clear, brief examples.5.Presuppose questions and prepare answers in advance.6.Committee members make comments or suggestions; you need not have to defense.Respond politely with gratitude.

11 Tips during oral defense: 1.Properly dreed 2.Keep confident 3.Bring with you a pen and paper; thesis better 4.Be polite; show gratitude 5.Ask for the question again or make sure the question if you do not hear clearly about it.6.Don’t argue with teachers but explain your idea with proofs.7.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation and try to make you easily understood.8.Make your answer concise and to the point.Exercise: Analyze some samples.

五、作业

Review what has been learned in this cla.

推荐第8篇：初二英语写作教案

一．步骤

1 审题：审清作文体裁（类型）时态、人称等细节； 2 列提纲（文章结构框架）：分几段，以及每段大体内容； 3 写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点；

4 复查：看查拼写、语法、标点等问题，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等； 5 誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。 1.动笔之前，认真审题

《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。 2.围绕中心，拟定提纲

要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。书面表达，内容广泛，题材多样，要弄清考题的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记，要写清年、月、日和天气情况；如果是书信，则要注意书信的格式，注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。

3.中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：

(1) 格式是否有错。 (2) 拼写有无错误。 (3) 语言是否用错。 (4) 时态、语态错误。 (5) 标点错误。 (6) 人称是否用错。

二．作文一般框架：文章分3段：

（1）综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题； （2）正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3 个方面，每个方面最多2句话；

（3） 结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。

三．技巧

1.上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。 连接词1) 表示并列关系的过渡词：and, as well as, or … 2) 表示转折关系的过渡词：but, yet, however …

3) 表示时间关系的过渡词：first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, later, in the past, immediately, in the meanwhile, when, while, then, after that …

4) 表示空间关系的过渡词：near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, on one side, on the other side of, outside … 5) 表示比较关系的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as …

6) 表示对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though …

7) 表示递进关系的过渡词： also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again …

8) 表示因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result…

9) 表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually …

10) 表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, necearily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important …

11) 表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, …

12) 表示列举的过渡词：for example , such as …

13) 表示总结性的过渡词：in conclusion, finally, at last, in brief, as has been stated, in a word, in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking …

2.句型

在各种…之中…

Among various kinds of …,

e.g.Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular. 就我的看法…；我认为… In my opinion, … = To my mind, ….

= As far as I am concerned, …

e.g.In my opinion, playing computer games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.根据我个人经验…

According to my personal experience, … = Based on my personal experience, …

e.g.According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.俗语说得好：「…」。

Well goes an old saying, \"…\"

= As an old saying goes (runs, says),\"…“

e.g.As an old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.\" (A) …用下列方法… in the following ways.(B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons.e.g.I build my confidence in the following ways. People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.换言之…

in other words, …

e.g.In other words, I will try my best to live up to my goal.曾经…最…的… 最高级+ 现在完成时

Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

3.不会表达时 (1) 迂回而行

当汉语词义不会用英语表达时，可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路，然后从英语中找出一个与其词义相近的代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。 (2) 小词大用

汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅，但在英语中可用一些常用词表达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中很有用：take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。 (3) 借花献佛

有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为刚刚做过题，记忆犹新，那么就可信手拈来，为我所用。

注意事项 1.时态一致

必须注意所用时态符合上下文。如果用过去时叙述一个故事，就要保证通篇都用过去时，不要在作文中间变成现在时。同样，如果是在谈论普遍问题、现状或日常习惯，就要用现在时，而不要用过去时

Yesterday I did my homework.It takes me

three hours.

His father thought he is good at math.

2.主语一致

应该保持全文人称一致，这样读者才能跟随一个逻辑思维顺序。否则读者会感到困惑。

e.g.Although you may fail the exam, he can still be useful to the country.3.主谓一致/人称一致

确保语法正确。

e.g.Things I hate to do is doing homework.

Every people start to learn English.4.词序/语序

它能够帮助准确表达作者本意并并避免意义含糊不清。注意要让句子尽量保持英语的表达习惯。

e.g.I already have had lunch.

She with her mum traveled to Italy

In China, he knew there were big floods.5.避免词的重复。

e.g.All in all, we had a wonderful trip.We travelled acro Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne.We saw the beautiful coast of Queensland.We toured all of Perth.We had a great visit with Dan.Perhaps we will go again next winter.

推荐第9篇：cover letter英语写作教案

COVER LETTER

The cover letter introduces you to the employer and describes your interest in the company.It should attract the employer\'s attention and interest the employer into hiring you.A resume is usually enclosed with it.The letter should cover your job talents and how it will benefit the company, why the employer should read your resume, and further action such as a request for an interview.The cover letter may either be a response to an advertised job or a letter of inquiry.

Limit the letter to a single typed page.The letter should be brief, easy to read and understand, and different for each employer.Send only original letters.Pay careful attention to punctuation, grammar, spelling, and neatne.Expre enthusiasm but keep your letter short.Use descriptive action words.Learn as much as poible about the

company before sending your letter.Demonstrating your knowledge of the company and its industry in your cover letter may be very helpful.Keep a copy of your letter for future reference.

Here is a sample cover letter with comments to aist you in drafting your own letter.

return addre1450 Kalapuka Street

Honolulu, Hawaii 96810

June 4, 2000

Mr.Wallace Gomes

Hiring Manager

XYZ Department Store

1759 Ala Moana Boulevard

Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

Dear Mr.Gomes:

I am interested in applying for

the account clerk position

which was listed in the June 3, dateaddre each letter to the person who can hire you or would supervise you or to the appropriate department.begin with the purpose.state the position you are seeking and how you learned of it.

expre interest.2000 iue of the Honolulu

Advertiser.

highlight your qualifications.tryMy enclosed resume detailing to identify something about you my experience in general office that is of interest to the work and keeping financial employer.refer reader to the records may be of interest to enclosed resume.you.I keep well organized

records, have experience using

computers, and am good at

working with detailed numerical

information.

end with the action you will takeI would appreciate the or ask for further action such as opportunity to discu my an interview.state where and qualifications with you in an when you can be reached; be interview.I will call your office flexible.next week to arrange an

appointment.

Sincerely,

follow closing phrase with (Signature)

signature and full name typed.

include your telephone Tracy Lee

number.(808) 235-4811

推荐第10篇：经贸英语写作 教案. doc

Unit 5 Part 1 Placing Orders(订货)

● General Introduction An order may result from the buyer’s acceptance of an offer made by the sellers or from the sellers’ acceptance of a counter-offer made by the buyers.An order can either be a letter or a printed form or both.

Compared with the offer/quotation, the order is a more common form of correspondence(通信) of obtaining equipment, services, supplies(供货).So besides a letter or memorandum(备忘录), or a printed form, it can be given by faxes, or e-mails, or even orally the phone or at the meeting.The eential quality of an order is clarity and accuracy.An order should include: 1) Name and specification or

description of the commodity 2) Quality 3) Quantity 4) Prices (unit price and total value) and price terms 5) Terms of payment 6) Port of shipment and port of destination(装运港和目的港) 7) Date and method of shipping 8) Package The following structures are recommended in placing an order: 1) Use direct language in the first paragraph to refer the seller to the previous contact acknowledging that you have received the offer and have the intention to place an order.

2) Describe what is being ordered in great detail.Indicate the catalogue numbers, sizes, colors, prices, specifications and all other relevant information.Two paragraphs will be

needed to fulfill this part.The first paragraph is to give the detailed description of your order.The second one is to state the terms of payment and the anticipated(预期的) date of delivery and the mode(模式) of transportation.3) Close the letter by expreing willingne to cooperate.

● Sample Reading Sample 1

体育用品公司确认某公司初次订购 Dear Sirs,

We want to say how pleased we were to receive your order of 25 March for our sport supplies and welcome you as one of our customers.We confirm supply of the goods at the prices stated in(以…中标明的价格)your letter and are arranging for

dispatch next week by sea.When the goods reach you we feel confident you will be completely satisfied with them at the prices offered(以所报价格), for they represent exceptional(特别的) value.As you may not be aware of the wide range of(种类广泛的) goods we are dealing in(从事), we are enclosing a copy of our catalogue and hope that our handling of your first order with us will lead to further busine between us and

2mark the beginning of a happy working relationship.

Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.dispatch: v.发送, 派遣, 迅速处理 e.g., If the buyers failed to ~ the veel

in time, the sellers shall have the right to claim compensation for their loes.

1如买方不能及时派遣运送船只，卖方有权要求赔偿损失。

We are anxious to ~ a busine in hand.我们急于办完手头一项业务。

~ your order when we have stock.一有货，马上发送。

2.mark the beginning of:标志…的开端

Sample 2

桌布生产厂对买方1万打桌布订单的确认函

Dear Sirs,

We are pleased to receive your order of th19 January for tablecloths and welcome as one of our customers.

We confirm(确认) 10,000 dozen tablecloths at the prices stated in your letter and will arrange for delivery(安排

1发货) by the first available steamer upon receipt of(一收到)your L/C.We

feel confident that when the goods 2reach you, you will be completely satisfied with them at the prices offered.

34The draft contract is being drawn up

5and will be submitted to you for approval(为…批准) as soon as it is ready.We hope the conclusion(成交) of this deal will pave the way for(为…铺平道路) further friendly cooperation between us and mark the beginning of a good working relationship.

Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.the first available steamer:第一艘(可得的)轮船

2.reach: v.到达; 达成

We’re taking all neceary steps for the opening of the L/C and hope it will reach you in a week or so.

我们正采取一切措施开立信用证，希望一周左右抵达你处。

reach an agreement 达成协议 3.draft contract: 合同草案 draft: n.草稿, 草案

e.g., She asked me to check the ~ of the contract.她要我审查一下合同的初稿。 v.起草, 草拟

e.g., draft a proposal for the project. 请为该计划草拟一个方案。 4.draw up: 准备, 起草

e.g., We will have the contract drawn up for signature tomorrow.我们将把合同拟好，以便明天签字。 5.submit: v.提交, 提供

e.g., Please ~ specifications, preferably with illustrations.请提供规格，最好有插图

● Useful Expreions: 1.Thank you for your offer of June 5.Your prices and quality are

satisfactory and we are sending you an order as follows.感谢贵方6月5日的报盘，产品价格及质量都令我方满意，现随附如下订单。

2.We’re glad to have closed(finished/ put-through/concluded/finalized/rea- -lized) this transaction with you. 我们很高兴和贵方达成这笔交易。 3.If you can execute the order to our full satisfaction, we will place further orders with you.如果你方对此次订单的处理能够完全令我方满意，我方将会有更多的订单。 4.To get things started, we would like to make a trial purchase. 为使交易起步，我们愿意试购买。 5.We’re very sorry that we’re not in a position to accept your order but hope that you will understand our situation.我们非常抱歉不能接受此订单，但希望贵方能理解我们的处境。

● Writing Practice: I.Translate(on cla) Dear Mr.Johnson,

Thank you for your letter of July 15 enclosing your order for 8000 meters of 100 cm wide watered silk.

Unfortunately, we no longer supply this silk.Fashions constantly change and in recent years the demand for watered silk has fallen to such an extent that we have ceased to produce it.

Our satin silk is selling very well in many countries for its extra smoothne and softne.It has more patterns and agrees with the latest fashion of returning to the ancients(复古).I am sending you a full range of(各种各样的) patterns by parcel post.If you decide to place an order(订购) we can supply

them promptly.

We look forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

(Signature)

Larry Sun

Key to Above: Johnson先生：

您好。感谢您7月15日随函附上的8000米100厘米宽幅水洗丝订单。但是我们现已不供应这种丝绸了。近年时尚经常变化，水洗丝需求量过小，以至于我们不得不停止生产这种产品。

我们的丝绸软缎因其非常滑爽柔软在很多国家热销，而且它有更多的花色，并符合目前的复古潮流。我给您寄去全套花色样品。若您决定订货我们能够很快供货。 请回复。

此致敬礼

II.You’ve received your customer’s

initial order No.023 for wool and made out your Sales Confirmation No.123.Now you’re asked to write a letter sending the S/C(Sales Confirmation).The following points should be covered in your letter.(after cla) 1.销售确认书已寄出，请收到后签退一份。

2.对对方首批交易的成功表示祝贺并保证对方会满意。

3.渴望了解对方的销售计划，欢迎任何这方面的建议。

4.保证能满足对方的各种特定需求

● More Sample on Placing Order Dear Sirs,

Thank you very much for your letter of September 6 together with (attached所附的)patterns(样式)and price lists.

We have chosen four qualities(types) for which we enclose Order No.465.The goods are urgently required, so prompt delivery will be most appreciated.(被动)

Order No.465 Mers.Johnson & Kemp Ltd, 78 Madison Street London, England

Please supply the following goods: Quantity Article Price

Delivery 800 doz.

510

$2 per doz.December 500 doz.

512

$4 per doz.do 300 doz.

514

$6 per doz.do 200 doz.

516

$7 per doz.do

Packing: Each dozen to be packed in a tin-lined(带有内衬的)carton, with 10 dozen cartons in a wooden case.

Insurance: W.A.(水渍险)for 10%

over the invoice amount(发票金额).

Marks(包装、运输标记): As usual with our previous orders.

Payment terms: Draft at sight under an irrevocable L/C.

We have instructed(指示) our bank to open a letter of credit for the amount of this order.You will soon hear from your bank.

Yours faithfully, 该订单详细罗列拟购商品的数量、价格、交货期、包装、保险、唛头(运输标志：收货人英文缩写+目的港或目的地名称+运单号/订单号/发票号+货物件数)、支付条件。 Note: W.A.: With (Particular) Average(水渍险，单独海损险)自然灾害、意外事故导致货

物被淹(直接原因)。

Draft at sight: (即期汇票) 要求立即在规定日或在将来规定日对某人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面支付凭证(分为即期、远期)。

Part 2 Making Payments(付款) ● General Introduction In international trade, the buyer is concerned(关心)if he can get the goods as ordered while the seller wants the security of payment.Terms of payment reflect the extent to which the seller requires a guarantee of payment before he/she loses control of the goods.(付款方式对于卖方是否安全) Writing strategy: 1.State your accepted payment terms clearly.2.The buyers adopt the following 3 steps to negotiate the terms of payment.★ Mention the contract, goods, etc.

★ Suggest the terms of payment and

give out the reason ★ Wish the reader to accept The sellers also adopt 3 steps to complete the letter: ★ State you’ve received the letter ★ Give the reply of agreeing or refusing and the reason ★ State your wish to do busine with the reader 3.Negotiate for changes

If the expected terms of payment can’t be accepted, make a polite request and give the reason for a change.As far as the other party is concerned, if they have to give a negative reply, use the reader-sensitive “you” attitude and emphasize the positive.● Sample Reading Sample 1 某公司欲试订150辆摩托车，要求买方能按付款交单的支付方式结算。

Dear Sirs,

Order for 150 Motorbikes

We would like to place a trial order of 150 Motorbikes, model MS500 at the price quoted in your offer which reached us on July 15, 2008.

As for the terms of payment, would you

1please give us some special treatment to pay by D/P(付款交单) instead of Confirmed Irrevocable L/C as required in your offer? Because iuing an L/C(开证行开立信用证) will tie-up(占用) our capital and increase the cost, leaving

2us a much narrower profit margin.

We would be most grateful if you could extend(grant) this favor to us.You can rest aured that once we receive the

3shipping document for the captioned goods we will pay immediately the full

amount of the purchase.

4This is just an initial order.If the transaction goes well(smoothly)(交易进展良好), large orders will follow(大笔订单随之而来).We are looking forward to your favorable reply(好消息).

Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.special treatment: 特别待遇

2.profit margin: 利润率, 利润幅度 e.g., But if sales go as well as they should, that’s still within our ~.不过假如销售状况有应有的表现，那就仍在我们的获利范围内。

We’ve had many problems recently, and the receion has really cut into our ~.

我们最近有很多问题，尤其经济萧条 更使得我们的利润下降。

3.Shipping document: 货运单据 e.g., We usually accept payment by ir- revocable L/C payable against shipping document.我们采用不可撤销的信用证，凭装运单据结汇付款方式。 4.initial order: 首批订货

5.release a L/C: 将信用证交给受益人

iue a L/C: 开证行开立信用证 6.D/P: Documents against Payment 付款交单(分为即期、远期)，我们发货后准备好我们的议付单据，通过我方银行交单至客户方银行，客户银行提示客户单据已到，客户付款后银行交单。

Negotiable(可议付的): 可流通、可转让的。通过背书(在单据后面签名同意转让)或单纯交付可将一切载明权利转让给他人。

Negotiable L/C：被授权议付的银行“对汇票或单据支付对价”的行为，并强调“仅仅对单据审核，却未支付对价”不构成议付。国际商会（ICC）对议付进一

步解释为“立即付款”(如通过现金、支票、清算系统汇款支付或贷记账户)，或“承 担付款责任”(undertaking an obligation to make payment)(不同于承担延期付款责任)。

D/A(Documents against Acceptance):承兑交单，也是通过我方银行交单给客户银行，不同的是客人只需承兑我方单据，就可以拿走正本单据，到期后再付款。

T/T是电汇(以外汇现金方式结算)（单据一般是我方直接邮寄给客户，无需通过银行）。如果我们跟客户用T/T付款方式，一般的做法是客户先要给我们30%的预付款，剩余70%一般保险的方法是，货装船后，客人凭我们传真的提单正本付款，等款到帐后再邮寄整套正本单据给客人。

L/C信用证付款方式属于银行信用，很保险的一种付款方式，但开证行信誉一

定要好，单证人员审单要认真仔细，公司业务、储运、单证部门要协调一致，避免单据出现不符点。

Sample 2 这是一封要求延后信用证中装运日期的信函。信中卖方提出由于赶不上当月船期，所以发货期不得不延后，希望对方能给与理解并尽量对信用证装运日期条款做出修改。 Dear sirs, We regret to learn from your letter of thJuly 5 that you are unable to extend L/C No.5436.(延期信用证)

1As you know, there is only one veel sailing for your port each month.But

2the only veel available this month will be leaving here in a day or two and the deadline for booking(订) shipping space is a long past.Therefore it is impoible for us to ship the goods this month.We

would be obliged if you do your best to extend the L/C as requested in our letter thof June 26.

Please give the matter immediate attention and let us have your reply by return airmail.

Truly yours, Notes: 1.veel: n.船舰, 血管, 容器

2.available: adj有效的,可得的,空闲的 ● Useful Expreions 1.With reference to your letter dated… agreeing to establish the L/C concerning the order No.…

贵方…月…日来函曾答应开立有关第…号订货单贷款的信用证。

2.We regret having received no news from you up to now.但遗憾的是，我方至今未收到任何相关 消息。

21

3.As you have failed to establish the L/C in time, we regret being unable to effect shipment within the stipulated time limit.

很遗憾，由于贵方未及时开出信用证，我方无法在规定日期发货。

4.Owing to …, we would appreciate your extending the shipment date and the validity of your L/C No.… to … 由于…, 若贵方将发货期及第……号信用证有效期延期至……, 我方将不胜感激。

5.We regret to say that the payment terms stipulated in your order are unacceptable to us.很抱歉，贵方订单中规定的付款条款不能为我方所接受。 ● Writing Practice I.Translate(on cla) Dear Sirs,

We are in poeion of your letter of October 8 and have noted your request

22

for payment T/T(以外汇现金方式结算Telegraphic Transfer) for contract No.339 and No.340.We regret that we are unable to consider your request for payment on T/T terms, according to our usual practice(惯常做法), we ask for payment by L/C.But in view of the amount of 2 transactions being very small, as an exceptional case, we are prepared to accept payment for contract No.339 and No.340 on D/P at sight basis.But we think it advisable to make it clear that D/P will only be applicable if the amount involved(涉及到的) for each contract is le than GBP (英镑)1,000.We hope that the above payment will be acceptable to you and look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours.XXX

Key to Above

23

敬启者：

我们已经收到你方10月8日的来信，注意到你方用电汇支付339号、340号合同的要求。

很遗憾地告诉你方，我们不能接受你方电汇付款的要求。作为惯例，我们要求用信用证支付。但考虑到这两笔交易的金额很小，作为一个例外，对于合同339号和340号，我们打算接受即期付款交单方式。但我们觉得有必要明确，只有每笔合同金额少于1000英镑时才能采用付款交单方式。

我们希望你们将接受上述付款条件，并尽快收到你们的回复。

谨启

II.Write a letter to Simpson and Sons at 54 Madison Street, Sydney, Australia requesting them to amend(修订) L/C No.5058 covering(有关) 3000 dozen of Poplin Shirts as follows: (after cla)

24

1.受益人应为“太平洋贸易有限公司”，而不是“东方贸易有限公司”。

2.凭即期信用证付款而不是60天期信用证付款。

3.价格术语应为CFRC3Marseille.4.总金额应为30万美元，而不是30万英镑。

Part 3 葛洲坝信函案例

Correction on Our Letter(纠正以前的信

件) XXXX Joint Venture

Date: 29 May 2004 XXXX Site office

XXX Regional State

Our Ref: 1.H-C/3.100/ft/457-04

Attention: Mr.XXXX Project Manager

Subject: XXXX Hydropower Project, Contract Lot 1B/2/3 Correction to be made in one of our letter

Reference: 1) Your Letter CX/HX/366/04 dated 22 May 2004

2) Our Letter 1.H-C/3.342/dp/415-04

dated 17 May 2004

3) Your Letter CX/HX/326/04 dated 07 May 2004

Dear Sir,

25

We apologize for the printing error that was shown on our letter 2) above.We confirm your findings about those printing errors and appreciated the action you have taken to correct them.

Yours faithfully,

Mr.XXXX

Resident Engineer XXXX Engineering Company International L.P.

26

第11篇：英语写作

英语作文的考试题型大概可以分为这5个方面：A、阐述主题题型、B、正反观点题型、C、英文信函题型、D、记叙文题型、E、图表题型。

阐述主题型

阐述主题题型作文DIY写作步骤

要求考生从一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行写作。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

先用一句话描述当今社会的某种现象或者事物，并且用简单的话扩展说几句： 主题句＋扩展句 第二段、举例说明现象

主题句＋举例1+举例2+举例3 第三段、表明自己的观点并结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。

二、阐述主题题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pollutions.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题；

2、造成污染问题的原因；

3、解决办法。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：________has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find ________.

2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with _______ is _____.扩展句：

1、It is ____ that _____.

2、It is also _____ that ________.

3、Ironically, it is _______ itself that _____.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve _____.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of ____.

2、Then we _____

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to ____can this problem be solved.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

主题句：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：

1、Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.

2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：

主题句：The real problem with pollution is people.扩展句：

1、It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.

2、It is also people that destroy biologic balance of nature.

3、Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.第三段：

结尾句：We must do something to solve our environmental problems.扩展句：

1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.

2、Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.

3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.

三、范文

Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.And this is threatening the survival of the human race.

The real problem with pollution is people.It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.It is also people that destroy biologic（生物的 生物学的） balance of nature.Ironically [aiE5rCnikEl]（说反话的 讽刺的）, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants（污染物质）.We must do something to solve our environmental problems.First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.

正反观点题型

要求考生从正反两个方面来论证某一观点，对这类题型，通常分为四个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头，简单一下事件

第二段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第三段、阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明： 主题句＋理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3 第四段、表明自己的观点结束全文 在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点。 第二部分、正反观点题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic China Jointing WTO.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1、加入WTO给我们带来的好处；

2、加入WTO给我们带来的不利方面；

3、我们该如何做。

［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：________finally succeeded in _____ after many's efforts.扩展句：_____ will influence _____ greatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：____ brings ____ many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As _____ , ______ can ______.

2、What's more, __________.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、___ can also bring us some challenges.For example, ______.

2、In addition, it will be more difficult for _____ to _____, as ____.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, ____ does more good than harm to ____.扩展句：What we should do is to ______.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：文章的开头

开篇句句：China finally succeeded in jointing the WTOafter many's efforts.扩展句：This eventwill influencethe economy in Chinagreatly.第二段：表达正面观点

主题句：Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：

1、As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.

2、What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with le pay.第三段：表达反面观点

主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：

1、Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.

2、In addition, it will be more difficult forus to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：However, this great event does more good than harm to us.

扩展句：What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.第三部分、范文

China finally succeeded in jointing the WTO after many's efforts.This event will influence the economy in China greatly.Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.What's more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with le pay.Every thing has two aspects.Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges.For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.In addition, it will be more difficult for us to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.However, this great event does more good than harm to us.What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.

社会问题(现象)式A．一个社会问题或者现象 B．产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E．前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上Based on the above discuions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

对立法开头句型：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法。适用于有争议性的主题。

When asked about…,the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that….But I think a bit differently.现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题然后评论

Recently the iue of the problem(phenomenon) of…has been brought to public attention.观点法：开门见山，直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning to realize that…

辩论式议论文

模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版2

People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2.

Last but not the least, 论据3.

To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.

First of all, 论据1。

Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discuion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

英文信函题型 要求考生根据提纲写一封英文书信，对这类题型，通常分为5个步骤来写： 第一段、文章开头：称呼

第二段、寒暄语句，引出写信的目的：

寒暄句＋主题句（注：寒暄句和主题句可以是同一个句子） 第三段、根据提纲扩展主体段落： 主题句＋扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3 第四段、表明自己的观点，并结束书信主体段落 在最后要他谈自己的看法 第五段、寒暄句+落款

第二部分、英文信函题型作文DIY写作范文练习

［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topicA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below: 假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应包括：食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以都有。 ［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from ____.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂正面的看法

主题句：As you know, _____ .But unfortunately, ______.扩展句：

1、___.(举例)As a result, _____.

2、Besides, ______.

3、And what's more,_____.第四段：对学校食堂负面的看法

主题句：Some people may argue that ____.扩展句：

1、For instance, ____ and ____.

2、But in my opinon, ______.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with _____.扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.Li Ming ［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：称呼 Dear Mr.President, 第二段：引出写信的目的

主题句： This letter comes to you from one of your students.扩展句： In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.第三段：对学校食堂的看法

主题句：As you know,our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.扩展句：

1、The food is not as nutritious as it should be.(举例)As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.

2、Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.

3、And what's more,the fare is also a little higher at university.第四段：别人对食堂看法

主题句：Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.扩展句：

1、For instance,Ic cardshave taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.

2、But in my opinon, progre is not so quick and thorough.第五段：结尾，表明自己看法

结尾句：To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with the present canteen conditions, 扩展句：I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.Thanks.

第三部分、范文 Dear Mr.President, This letter comes to you from one of your students.In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.As you know, our students are the main customers of the university canteen.But unfortunately, we don't find the service there satisfying sometimes.The food is not as nutritious as it should be.As a result, some of us become thinner and weaker at university.Besides, sometimes the canteen people just bring us steamed bread with their dirty bare hands.And what's more, the fare is also a little higher at university.Some people may argue that measures have been taken and things are improving there.For instance, Ic cards have taken the place of money in the canteed, and the attitude of the service people is also changing.But in my opinon, progre is not so quick and thorough.To be belief, though a bit diatisfied with the present canteen conditions,I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.

Thanks.

Your students,

Li Ming

记叙文的题型

要求考生写一篇记叙文，描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果，最后对事件进行简单分析。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写： 第一段、总结描述

交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点： 主题句

第二段、具体描述

具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果 起因＋经过＋结果 第三段、对事件的分析 分析句1+分析句2+分析3 第二部分、记叙文题型作文DIY写作范文练习［实战演练］

Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Clamate Fell Ill.

1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况；

2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的；

3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是....［DIY写作模板：架构阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：About _____ O'clock one evening in _______, _____.扩展句：________.(展开描述一下事件) 第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, _____.It wasn't long before _____.扩展句：

1、One ______.

2、Another _______.

3、Our teacher _______.第三段：

结尾句：Is _______? Who can tell ? But ______.扩展句：

1、When ____ , people showed _____ spirit regardle of ____.

2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.

3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.［DIY写作模板：填充阶段］ 第一段：

开篇句：Aboutnine O'clock one evening inMay, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.扩展句：His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.(展开描述一下事件) 第二段：

主题句：Without hesitation, I dialed "120".It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.扩展句：

1、One roommate brought a blanket for him.

2、Another supported him in the ambulance.

3、Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.第三段：

结尾句：Ishe a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? Butwedid't retreat.扩展句：

1、Whenthe savage SARS was spreading,people showedfearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.

2、This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.

3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.第三部分、范文

About nine O'clock one evening in May, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.His forehead felt very hot.We took his temperature.It was 38.5℃.

Without hesitation, I dialed "120".It wasn't long before an ambulance arrived.One roommate brought a blanket for him.Another supported him in the ambulance.Our teacher insisted on giving him some money.Is he a suspedted SARS patient? Who can tell ? But we did't retreat.When the savage SARS was spreading, people showed fearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.This kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.图表式作文模板

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discuions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if neceary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).说明原因型模板

These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4).What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.注释: (1) 提出论题(2) 说明现状(3) 理由一(4) 理由二(5) 理由三(6) 理由三引起的后果(7) 解决方法

相应作文: Pollution of environment

These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ).What is more, since (the industrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing.We should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.

作文常用模板句

一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.

4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays, it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.

5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has 的 brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while.Obviously, ______, but why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.

2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of的all，___.

3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is neceary and important to our countrys development and construction.的First，______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another, ______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定

会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition.的_____.All these measures will certainly______.

7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is的______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own的disadvantages, such as ______.

9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonethele, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

一、写作步骤要写好一篇英语作文，掌握一定的写作技巧，应把握以下几个步骤：

1．认真审题立意，定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。以命题作文"The English teacher I Admire Most"为例,文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师,因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。

2．草拟提纲，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。仍以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，提纲可以这样写：

1）Who is the English teacher I admire most

2)My reasons

3)What can I learn from the teacher

3．写出段落主题句，理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。

4．参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉

有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。还是以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，主题段中就能用到举例法、说明法、因果法等。

进行这一步骤还需注意三方面问题：

1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。

2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

二、增加文采小窍门如果说第

一、二步是对文章的构思，第

三、四步骤则是真正地"写"了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门，以下这几点可以供你参考。

1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式，要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

2．使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3．改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词短语等。

4．学会使用过渡词。如：

1）递进：furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition

2）转折：however,but,neverthele,after all

3）总结：finally,at last,in brief,to conclude

4）强调：really,indeed,certainly,surely,above all

5）对比：in the same way, just as, on the other hand,

5．避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

6．注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，以增加文采。

三、把好检查最后一关

1．是否切题分三点看：一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应该尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方，但切忌动"大手术"。

2．是否连贯检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适。

3．是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。还是以"The English Teacher I Admire Most"为例，根据此标题，文章肯定用第一人称"I"写，一般性的描述用现在时，举过去的事例用过去时。

4．是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误，注意卷面整洁要提高写作水平，最根本是要大量实践，必须多读多写，注意博览和精读相结合，甚至可以适当背诵一些名句名篇。另外，还可选些范文，悉心领悟，多加模仿，以逐步达到运用自如。

第12篇：英语写作

语言第一位

四级六级写作重点考查考生的英语表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言，考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分，其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极，归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇，但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主，可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否，而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了，完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学，恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度，“与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。”

四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制，它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此，考生应该把构思的时间减到最少，把主要精力放在推敲语言上，力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低，力求用词用句准确恰当，表达地道。这样，即便没有使用高难词汇和句型，也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语，语言永远第一，它决定了得分高下。

阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判：

1、基本正确

四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2、丰富多变

基础较好的同学，要想取得

四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为reckon, aume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是

5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

高分真经

1、背诵

背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：（1）精彩词汇，（2）精彩句型，（3）精彩句子，（4）万能框架，（5）经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。

语言学习有两个关键词——输入（INPUT）和输出（OUTPUT）。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。

四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在？俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，

在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。

有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好？关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。

2、默写

背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man.”（写作使人精确。）只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

3、中译英

中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型？你使用了哪些词汇和句型？学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

4、写作

模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高

四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 以扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

第13篇：英语写作

2010年英语四级翻译复习与应试

翻译是一门艺术, 同时又是一种实践。它是对英语综合能力的考查，没有一定的英语基本功，要想在这部分得到高的分数是不可能的。但是，具有了一定的英语基础，并不等于具有较高的翻译能力。因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法,针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象, 仔细分析一些翻译实例, 总结出一些规律性的东西, 再加以必要的练习, 对考生来说是非常必要的，而且在短时间内提高自己在该部分的得分是完全有可能的。

试题与考生应试情况分析

通过考试试题的分析，我们发现英译汉试题中的英文句子大致有以下三个特点：

1.句子较长，其中包括定语从句、状语从句等从属结构，致使句子结构复杂，意思不容易把握。

2.句子虽然不长，但其中包含着较难理解的词、词组或短语，尤其是一些表示抽象意义的词，另外，句子中往往含有比较复杂的语法现象。

3．考查的翻译技巧主要包括: (1)定语从句的译法; (2) 被动语态的处理; (3) 长句的的处理等等。

掌握这些规律为我们复习应考提供了很大的方便，考生可以根据自己的实际情况，多选择一些与上述内容有关的文章，多做一些有关的练习，并结合这类文章的特点，在练习的过程中总结出一些规律性的东西。根据我们的经验, 考生在这部分表现出的主要障碍有以下几个方面:

1．缺乏基本的翻译常识

作为公共英语学习者, 由于客观条件的限制, 他们在英语学习的过程中很少或根本就没有进行过系统的翻译训练, 更缺乏对翻译要求以及翻译过程等一些常识性的东西基本的了解, 因此在考前复习和考试过程中一筹莫展, 无从下手。

2．对于英译汉翻译技巧知之甚少

任何事情都有其内在的规律, 翻译也不例外, 作为考生, 在备考时应掌握一些英译汉过程中经常采用的翻译技巧, 注意体会英语和汉语之间的差异, 同时要特别注意考试中经常考的一些技巧, 并总结其中的翻译规律。

3．划线的部分理解不透

为了增加试题的难度, 试题设计者往往选择那些语法结构错综复杂的部分, 这就要求我们在复习时, 对于翻译练习的句子, 要仔细分析它们的语言结构, 尤其是要注意那些具有分割定语从句等复杂语法现象的句子, 在分析好句子结构并真正理解之后,再动手翻译。

4．语表达不清, 缺乏中文表达能力

英译汉是英语和汉语两种语言之间的转化, 要求汉语准确完整, 符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 考生在复习时也应该注意训练自己的汉语表达能力。另外, 考生在使用汉语表达时, 还存在着用词不准, 违反自然科学常识的现象。

5．有些代词翻译得不够明确

语言的使用总是发生在一定的语言环境之中, 在语言的使用过程中, 为了避免重复,往往需要使用一些代词来代替前面所提到的人或物, 在考试的过程中, 考生应该仔细地阅读全文, 找出划线部分中英语代词所指代的人或物,并尽量明确地把它们翻译出来。而且，还要把代词翻成它(们)所代的名词、短语。

英译汉的标准及步骤

英译汉是创造性地运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中有两点值得我们特别地注意:

(1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意义, 而不是句子结构;

(2) 在翻译过程中, 英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。因此,在做英译汉的题目时, 汉语所表达的意义应与原文保持一致, 而汉语的句子结构只是为这一表达服务, 而不应拘泥于原文。

另外, 应付英译汉考试和一般的从事翻译创作不同, 因为各自有不同的衡量标准, 翻译创作的标准为“信、达、雅”, 而英译汉考试则只要做到“忠实、通顺”即可。要做到忠实原文,就应该掌握好适度原则, 即要把原文的内容准确完整地表达出来, 既不能改变和歪曲,也不能增加或删减。

英译汉的过程包括理解,表达和校核三个阶段,解是表达的前提, 若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达, 但理解与表达通常是互相联系, 往返反复的过程, 在进行汉语表达的时候, 又可以进一步加深对原文的理解, 因此, 在英译汉的过程中, 往往需要考生从英语到汉语,再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。

1．理 解

理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文, 弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文, 建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤:

（1）通读全文

通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系, 特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those other所指代的词或词组。这些词和词组有时在划线的部分就能找到，有时则要到前面有关的句子中去找。

（2）分析划线部分的句子结构。

中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识，在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。从翻译试题来看，划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较复杂。复杂的句子如果不搞清楚它的语法结构,很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。在分析划线的部分的句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，以便明了句子的骨干结构。在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。

（3） 理解分析划线部分的含义。

考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义, 还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外, 还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题:

A.句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词, 如果有, 应根据上下文确定它们代的内容是什么;

B.句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法, 那么, 在该句中它们的具体含义是什么;

C.按照你的理解, 该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致, 有无相互矛盾。总之, 在动手翻译之前, 首先要读懂原文, 不要一上来就急于动手翻译, 这样做往往会出现一种情况:该题快要翻译完了, 猛然又发现自己理解有误,马上就急忙修改, 搞的卷面上一塌糊涂,而且很容易忙中出错, 把本应拿到的分数丢掉了, 这是非常令人可惜的。

2．表达

表达就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来, 表达的好坏取决于译者对英语原文的理解程度以及汉语的修养水平。理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果，但是理解正确并不意味着一定会有正确的表达，许多同学反映，有时对原文理解之后还不知如何用汉语表达，就充分说明了这一点， 因为在表达上还存在许多具体的方法和技巧。关于这些方法和技巧我们将在后面详细论述, 在此我们只是介绍两中基本的翻译方法:直译和

意译。

直译

所谓直译, 就是在译文语言条件许可时, 在译文中既保持原文的内容, 又保持原文的形式。汉语和英语两种语言存在着许多共同之处，许多英语句子的翻译完全可以采取直译的方法, 这样可以获得一举两得之功效, 既保持了原文的结构, 又正确表达了原文的内容。意译

汉语和英语在词汇、句法结构和表达方法上具有很多的差异。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不易采用直译的方法处理时, 就应采用意译法, 意译就是不拘泥于原文的形式, 重点在于正确表达原文的内容在具体的翻译过程中, 我们应该采取灵活的方法,不论是直译还是意译, 只要是符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译原则,都是可取的。在这里我们建议考生对结构比较复杂的句子可以先采取直译的方法，然后再对直译得出的结果进行加工润色，在保持原来句子意义的基础上，根据汉语的表达习惯，用既符合原文的意义又符合汉语表达习惯的句子表达出来。

在翻译的过程中, 我们务必注意以下几点: (1) 理解透彻之后再动手表达, 否则表达的果会令人莫名其妙;(2) 切忌在翻译时把汉语和英语对号入座, 逐字逐句的对号入座的结果往是不伦不类; (3) 切忌擅自增减词意,增减意义与翻译技巧中经常提到的增词法与减词法根本就不是一回事。

3．校 核

对原文内容进一步核实以及对译文语言进一步推敲的阶段, 因此, 校核是翻译过程中一个很重要的阶段, 并不是可有可无的, 通过表达之后的校核, 我们可以发现译文中可能存在的一些问题,确保自己理解和表达的内容准确完美。在校核阶段, 一般应注意与下列各项有关的问题: (1人名、地名、日期、方位和数字等; (2) 汉语译文的词与句有无错漏; (3)修改译文中译错

表达不够准确的子、词组或词汇; (4) 有无错别字; (5) 标点符号是否有误。

（I）翻译过程中一些难点的处理

A．抽象名词的译法

所谓抽象名词是指那些表达抽象概念的名词, 如, appropriatene, flexibility,quietude等等。抽象名词的翻译是一个非常复杂的问题, 需要根据上下文来具体地确定这些抽象名词的汉语表达, 很难总结出一些条条框框, 供翻译时使用。但是, 我们应该遵循一个基本的原则,即把抽象意义具体化, 把抽象名词转化为具体名词或含有具体特指性的词。

B．被动语态的译法

英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于四六级考试的复习与应考是极为重要的,因为英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。汉语中的被动语态通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。 对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:

（1） 翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同的情况。

☆ 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。

☆ 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It is aerted that … 有人主张 ……

It is believed that … 有人认为……

It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……

☆ 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。☆ 翻译成汉语的无主句。

另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道……

It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测……

It must be admitted that … 必须承认……

It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……

It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……

It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说……

☆ 翻译成带表语的主动句。

（2） 译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。

C． 名词性从句的译法

英语名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句, 在翻译这类从句时, 大多数可以按照原文的句序翻译成相应的汉语。

D．定语从句的译法

在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:

☆ 前 置 法

把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于比较短的限制性定语从句情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。

☆ 后 置 法

当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。

破解2010年12月英语四级阅读技巧

．快速浏览，瘦身原文

因时间关系，建议考生作文在25分钟内完成，剩余的分钟留给快速阅读。但是，即便如此，对于有的考生而言，时间还是不够，所以考生在浏览全文时，必须考虑瘦身计划，即该仔细阅读的就细细阅读，该略看的就略看，该跳过的就跳过。文中阴影部分可暂时迅速浏览或不看，下划线部分需注意仔细阅读。

2．是非判断，话题述题

为 了方便快速判断，读者可把每一句是非判断分为话题（该句讨论的对象）和述题（对该对象的描述或评析）两部分，那么它的对错或文章已给与否就可直接从话题和述题两部分与原文进行对照判断。

3．句子填空，首当定位

句子填空题的关键在于定位答案所在地，定位之后，要点在于核实空缺部分的语法特征，即该空需要的是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，然后再根据上下文核实时态语态等问题。

4．利用标题，预测内容

在时间较紧的情况下，可直接浏览标题和段落小标题，预测文章的大致内容，然后直接答题

英语四级作文实用佳词妙句三十例

导读：想在四六级考试中写出好文章？那么用词是非常重要的一个环节。词汇使用得当，不仅使文章更生动，也是评分时的加分亮点。以下向各位四六级考生提供考试三十组考试中可频繁使用的优美词汇及例句。考试时用上它们，以替代你现有的普通词汇，可以瞬间点亮平淡无奇的文章。

1、individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)

2、positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good

3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be le impreive替换

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time paively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are le impreive.

4、(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.

注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.

5、a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some

6、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)

7、affair ,busine ,matter 替换thing

8、shared 代 common

9、reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits)

10、for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion

11、Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.

Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.

12、little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly

13、beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,

14、shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer

15、exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very

16、hardly neceary, hardly inevitable ...替换 unneceary, avoidable

17、sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in

18、capture one\'s attention替换attract one\'s attention.19、facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20、be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear

21、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.

22、There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth

23、desire 替换want.

24、pour attention into 替换pay attention to

25、bear in mind that 替换remember

26、enjoy, poe 替换have(注意proce是过程的意思)

27、interaction替换communication

28、frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth

29、to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance

30、next to / virtually impoible,替换nearly / almost impoible

第14篇：英语写作

在写作时，要注意词的丰富性及多样化，我把一些词汇传给你

1.表示“good”时，尽量用这些，如positive, favorable, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, wonderful, outstanding, superb.

2.表示“bad”时，常用这些来代替，如dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, harmful, terrible 3.表示“small”时，常用 little， tiny， diminutive

4.表示“suitable”时，常用 appropriate，proper， fitting， satisfactory

5.表示“dangerous”时，常用 hazardous， unsafe， risky

6.表示“difficult”时，常用 hard, rough, tough, complicated

7.表示“very”时，常用pretty（相当），quite，much， intensely， greatly， extremely， exceedingly， remarkably， highly， strikingly

8.表示“remember”时，常用bear in mind， keep in mind（that）， recall， recollect， remind。。。of sth

9.表示“want”时，常用 desire to do， long for， require for

10.表示“think”时，常用strongly believe（坚信），consider， contemplate， imagine 11.在用reject（拒绝）时，常用refuse， decline， turn down

同时注意对某些词需要讲求标准化，如

在用泛词thing时，常用affair， busine，matter

在用big时，常用huge， great， large， immense， enormous， tremendous

在用walk时，常用pace，strut， stride，stagger，loiter（不是很常见，稍微看看就行。但是前两组尽量记住哦）

一些写作中常用的有用的短语

I.表示“观点”类的：

to my mind in my opinion

from my point of view when it comes to me

personally / personally speaking as far as I’m concerned

II.用于罗列加的信息

Besides In addition,

Furthermore Moreover

What’s more 这些都做“此外”讲。

III.在列举或者是举例子时常用的

For instance

For example

such as

namely

especially/ specially/particularly

for one thing,…for another…

IV.在比较或者对比时常用的

the same as

be similar to

in the same way

be identical with

be different from

in contract to, on the contrary(常用于开头，意为“相反地”)

V．表示转折、相反意义的

除了非常普遍的一些如 however, although, even though, while，despite, in spite of 等等，还有neverthele,其用法相当于but，但用法与but不同的是，在neverthele后面要加逗号.

例如，

There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.Neverthele, it is important that we try.我们几乎没有可能改变法律，不过，我们还是会努力争取。

VI.表示加强语气的

more than (注意这个词组的多重含义，①多于，超过，②不仅仅 ③而不是 ④太„„而不能„„)

unquestionably/undoubtedly/ beyond doubt/ out of question/ There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑地

No wonder that 难怪„„（有时也用There is no wonder that）

VII．用于调节语气的

to some extend 在某种程度上 = to a large degree

IX.表示原因或者结果的

表原因：owing to , thanks to(多亏), for the sake of, due to, result from(由„„引起)

表示结果：as a result from, result in(导致„„)，thus=so=therefore=consequently=henceXI.在总结论时用到的

In a word, in short, in conclusion, in summary, all in all, to sum up, to conclude, come to the conclusion that, arrive at the conclusion that, 主语+conclude that

还有一些表示赞成时，常用agree with, approve of, be for it, go in for, turn up the thumbs, uphold.表示反对时，常用object to, disapprove of, be against, combat, argue against, frown on.

常用于结尾的句子（必须记住的）

1.In a word…

2.In conclusion…

3.In short…

4.In brief…

5.As a result…

6.All in all…

7.From this point of view…

8.There is no doubt that…

9.Therefore, we can find that…

10.Thus, it can be concluded that…

11.As far as I am concerned, it is high time that we put great emphasis on...

12.It is neceary that steps should be taken to…(有必要采取。。。措施)

13.As long as（只要） make joint efforts, a sound（好的） solution is not far away.只要努力，不久就会有好的能解决办法。

14.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that…考虑到这所有的因素，我们可能就„„达成一致。

15.Only in this way can we achieve succe and meet the needs of ourselves as well as the society.只有用这种方法，我们才能取得成功，满足我们和社会的需要。特别注意这句话Only in this way引导的，一定要记得倒装。

使用谚语和名言时常用的句型有：

1.As the famous saying goes …

2.Just as…once said…

3.When we talk of the famous proverb…

4.The well-known proverb…has long been accepted by all of us.我把我积累的一些我觉得比较有用的词组给你吧，这些不是很难，比较实用。 1.from my own point of view 在我看来

2.foster one’s patience 培养某人的耐心

3.on the contrary 正相反

4.on the grounds of 根据，以„„为由

5.abide by 忠于，遵守

6.keep to 坚持（相当于 insist on）

7.be absorbed in 全神贯注于„„

8.acce to 能接近，进入，了解

9.be abundant in 富于，富有，充足

10.in abundance 丰富，充裕

11.in accordance to =according to =in agreement with 依照，依据

12.be acquainted with 了解，熟悉

13.be accustomed to doing sth习惯于

14.once and for all 一劳永逸

15.on the average平均

16.be aware of 意识到

17.on the basis of 根据„„，在„„基础上

18.for the benefit of 为了„„的利益

19.be in charge of = be responsible for 监管，负责（某事）

20.in comparison with =compare with =in contract to 和„„比起来

21.complain to sb.about/of sth 向某人抱怨某事

22.in compliance with=obey to 顺从，遵守，依从

23.be ignorant of 对„„一无所知

24.for a certainly 无疑地

25.in correspondence with 与„„相符；与„„通信

26.try one’s utmost/best to do sth 竭尽全力干某事

27.be vulnerable to 易受„„攻击；易受„„伤害；易受„„影响

28.give rise to 引起，引发

29.strive for 为„„而奋斗

30.bring great pleasure to 给„„带来巨大乐趣

31.in the interest of… 为了„„的利益

32.It’s known/well-known that…=As is known/well-known,加上自己想说的内容„„ 众所周知

33.on earth 究竟，到底

34.on condition that 只要

35.on behalf of 代表

36.on account of 由于=owing to

37.in vain 徒劳，白费力

38.in (the) light of 鉴于，由于

39.be consistent with 与„„一致，符合

40.be relevant to 与„„相关

41.in proportion to 与„„成比例

42.in common 共同的，共有的 have sth in common with sb 与某人有共同之处 43.from time to time 有时，不时

44.for the time being 暂时，眼下

45.for the sake of 为了„„

46.at all costs 不惜一切代价

47.as far as …be concerned 就„„而言

48.as regards 关于，至于

49.in line with 与„„一致，遵循

50.constrain sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

51.restrain sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事

52.adapt oneself to doing sth/sth 使„„适用于

53.make a resolve to do sth 决心干某事

54.indulge in doing sth/sth (常用被动语态)沉溺于„„

55.get around to doing sth 处理某事

56.draw up 起草，停止

57.live up to 做到，不辜负„„的期望

58.take off起飞，脱下，拿走

59.reckon on 依靠，指望

60.figure out 想出，弄明白，解决

61.amount to 在数目上达到„„

62.range from…to…(范围) 从„„到„„

63.get acce to 获得

64.make …an integral part of 使„„不可或缺的部分

65.so to speak =in other words 换句话说

66.apart from

in addition to(其后接着加名词，或者是名词性的从句)

in addition,

这三个都是用于开头，意为“此外”，主要用于写作时列举多个方面、情形时所要应用的。

67.aure sb.of sth 向„„保证，使„„确信

68.make an attempt at doing sth =make an attempt to do sth 试图做„„ 69.attribute …to … 把„„归因于

70.conceive of …as… 把„„想象成„„，把„„当做„„，认为„„是„„ 71.take sth into account 把„„考虑在内

72.accuse sb of sth = charge sb.with …= blame sb.for sth 指控，控告 73.attach importance to… 重视„„

74.turn a blind eye to… 对„„视而不见

75.under the banner of 以„„名义

76.on behalf of=stand for 代表

77.to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

78.broaden one’s vision 拓宽视野

79.make up for 弥补

80.gain an advantage over 胜过，优于

81.give rise to 引起，导致

82.bring about 引起，造成

83.keep an eye on 留意，照看

84.take the place of 取代，代替

85.keep in mind 记住

86.keep pace with （与„„）起步并进

87.let alone=not to motion 更不用说，别提了

88.get down to =set about doing sth 着手干某事

89.make a/the difference 有影响，起作用 注意：可以在中间加形容词，如make great difference 起重要作用（在中间不需要加定冠词、不定冠词） 90.may as well 不妨，还不如

91.see to it that 注意，务必，保证

92.an increasing number of… 越开越多的„„

93.be vastly/greatly/quite different from 与„„大相径庭 94.It’s worthwhile to do sth 做某事是值得的

95.It’s (high) time to do

It’s (high) time that ….(后加过去时或者是过去的某种时态) 意为“（的确）到了该干某事的时间了”

第15篇：英语写作

【第一类:图画类】

先把图画研究透，然后着手开始写作。

第一段: 对图画进行描述。〔万能开头句+图画描述句+过渡句+主题句〕

第二段: 阐述图画深层含义。〔常用因果论证法/例证法/下定义法〕

模板:

万能开头:

1.The picture shows that......,

2.From this picture,we can see......

3.As is shown in the picture......

4.As is seen in the picture......

衔接句:

1.As we all know,......

2.As is known to all,......

3.It\'s well known that....

4.In my opinion,....

5.As far as I am concerned,......

6.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

结尾句:

1.In conclusion,.....

2.In brief,....

3.On the whole,.....

4.In a word,.....

5.Generally speaking,.....

6.As has been stated......【第二类：图表类】

图表类细分为表格、曲线、柱形图、圆形图。

表格类主要考察对所给出的大量数字数字进行比较。

曲线图主要考察对坐标所显示的数据信息进行分析（主意横纵坐标的单位） 柱形图通过观察柱形高度的差别来判断事物的发展趋势。

圆形图通过观察一个被分成不同切片的圆形来理解所传送的信息。

常用模板：

1 The graph/chart/table above shows that......

2 From the above graph/chart/table,it can be seen that......

3 As is shown in the graph/chart/table that....

4 It has been shown from the above graph/chart/table that.....

表原因的句型：

1 The reason why.....is that....

2 One may think of the change as a result of.....

3 This brings out the important fact that....

4 There are several causes for this significant growth

表结论的句型：

1 There is no doubt that attention must be paid to.....

2 Obviously/Apparently,if we want to....,it is neceary...

3 From what has been discued above,we can drew the conclusion that....【第三类：书信类】

★ 书信类作文中称呼、落款必须顶格写。

★ 结束语要用表示礼节的套语。可用Yours sincerely....,Yours truly....,Yours respectfully....Yours faithfully....

★{ 特别提示}书信类应用文不需要写日期。

★ 常用各类称呼：

Mr.男性 Ms.女性 Dr./Prof.学术界教授 Pres.董事长 总经理 大学校长 会长 Hon.市长 议员 法官

★常用句型：

A 表示感谢

(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.

(2) Words fail me when I want to expre my sincere gratitude to you.

(3) I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for thekind aistance you rendered me.

B 期待回信

(1) I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon

(2) I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

(3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

C 客套语

一.问候

I haven’t seen you for such a long time.How are you getting along withyour work二.祝贺 I want to congratulate you with all my heart.I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved.

三.致谢

I am most grateful to you for your help.I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.

四.询问

I wonder if you could tell me what to do.I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.Please could you let me know something about it.

五.邀请

Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home?We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.

六.接受邀请

I’m delighted to accept your invitation.Thanks for your invitation.I’m certainly looking forward to joiningyou.I haven’t heard from you for ages.How are you doing?

七.拒绝邀请

I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.I regret to say “no” to your invitation.Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately…

八.抱歉

I do apologize for having kept you waiting.I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble.

九.同情

I’m more than sorry to hear of your illne.I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of…

十.安慰

It was a great shock to hear…I just can’t tell you how saddened I am…

【第四类：口头通知类】

①口头通知一般是由一方向另一方口头传达的通知，叙述表达尽可能口语化，简洁明了，说清意思就行。

②口头通知不用写通知时间和发通知的单位。

③口头通知一开头可有称呼语，具体因通知对象

而异。常用的称呼语有“Comrades and friends”、“Boys and girls”、“Teachers and fellow students”、“Ladies and gentlemen”，也有的不用开头语，直接开始。

④口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语

★开头语结束语

1 May I have your attention please?I have an announcement to make.

2 Attention,please? I have something important to tell you.

★结束语

Any questions?

Does everyone understand?

That\'sall.Thankyou.

★正文可用句型

There will be a party/speech/meeting held by...where...when...

Everyone should take.....

Please get there before......

Please wait at...

★★★精选范文，可参考

①Please be quiet, everyone.There\'s something you need to know.As our teacher is ill,we\'re to have reading cla together with the students of Cla Three today.Please take your benches with you to their claroom.The oral cla will be put off until tomorrow.That\'s all.Thank you.

②Attention please, comrades.There is going to be a talk on American Family in the Lecture Hall this afternoon.It\'ll be given by an American profeor _____ Mr.Smith.Those who want to attend please be there at 2∶30 Anyquestion? If no, that\'sall.Thankyou.

③Listen, please, I have something important to tell you.We\'re going to hold a get-together with some foreign students at 7∶00 p.m.on Friday in the Foreign Student\'s Dining Hall.Any one who wants to take part in it, please be there on time.Thank you.

④Ladies and gentlemen, Listen, please.This afternoon we\'re going to visit the Great Wall,the bus will stop at the foot of the Great Wall.Three hours later, we\'ll get together here and back to the hotel.When you go to visit the Great Wall, please take your valuable things with you.And remember to come back to the bus at five o\'clock.Do be there on time.

【第五类：议论文】

★★★常用模板和框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think

that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

( 3 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importanceto practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying,

★★★英语作文常用的连接词

1． 并列关系

and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2． 转折关系

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, neverthele, yet, otherwise, despite

3． 顺序关系

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next

4． 因果关系

as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of

5． 归纳关系

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

★★★英语文章及结尾常用过渡词

一.文章及段落起始过渡词语

1.To begin with

2.Generally speaking

3.First of all

4.In the first place

二.文章及结尾常用的过渡词语

1.Therefore

2.Thus

3.This way

4.In conclusion

5.To sum up

6.In a word

7.In brief

8.As a matter of fact

三.常见的表示先后顺序的过渡词语

1.First,… Second, … Next, … Finally, …

2.Afterwards, …

3.Meanwhile, …

4.Then, …

5.Firstly,… Secondly, … Eventually, …

6.At last

7.Immediately

8.suddenly

9.soon

四.常见的对称关系的过渡词语

1.For one thing, … for another thing, …

2.On one hand, … on the other hand, …

五.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语

1.For this reason

2.As a result

3.because of

4.Due to

5.Thanks to

6.Thus

7.In this way

8.Accordingly

9.Therefore

★★★逻辑词

a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,

d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now thate.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently

f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way

g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , howeverh.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with

i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actuallyj.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet,title

第16篇：英语写作

英语作文模板

一、英语作文的框机架 对比观点题型

（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为……2．另一些人认为……3．我的看法……

Nowadays，the topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly (finally),⑦----------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice .（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

１．问题现状

２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ----------(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally, --------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１．说明事物现状 ２．事物本身的优缺点 ３．你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)． 议论文的框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that_观二_____.In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\",讨论议题is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,缺 点 一 .In addition, 缺 点 二 .To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

经典句式

（一）．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。 1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． 2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．

3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． 类似句式

1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．

2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages ．（ just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）

（二）．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。 1．Computers play an important role in science and technology． 2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．

Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies． 3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind． 类似句式

1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．

2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．

（三）I．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，

1．With the development of our economy，many Chinese families can afford a car．

2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．

3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home． 类似句式

1．With the rapid increase of China\'s population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．

（四）It is important for

It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world 类似句式：

It is important/（neceary, difficult, convenient, poible）for sb.to do sth

1、

It is neceary to shake hands when you first meet someone

（五）The+比较级..., the+比较级...1，,The harder you work at it, the more progre you will make.

类似句式

比较级+and+比较级（The world is getting smaller and smaller.）

第17篇：英语写作

邀请信

你们班同学打算周六去爬香山。请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：1.时间：8am—5 pm； 2.集合地点：校门口； 3.交通工具：公交车； 4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机。 注意：1.词数不少于50；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 【优秀满分范文】 Dear Chris，

I’m writing to tell you that we intend to climb the Fragrant Hill this Saturday and I sincerely invite you to go with us on behalf of our cla.

We are supposed to gather at the school gate and set out at 8:00 am sharp.The bus will serve as our transportation.We will climb to the top of the hill and enjoy our picnic lunch there, so please take some food with you as lunch.At about 2:00 pm.we will go down the hill along another path and return to our school at about5.00pm.You may equip yourself with a camera to record the beautiful scenery and an umbrella or a raincoat is also neceary in case you are caught in a rain.Please spare some time to join us.

Your participation can surely add color to our trip and we are all looking forward to your involvement.Yours, Joe 【篇首句】介绍自己，简要说明活动，并邀请对方。

1.I’m Wang Ming from YuWen School，the president of the Student Union.2.An English speaking contest of our school will be held on August 6.3.There will be a party in my garden on Sunday.周日，在我的花园里会举行一场聚会。 4.I’d like to invite you to judge it.我想邀请你做它的裁判。 5.I’m writing to invite you to...我写信是邀请你......6.I wonder if you can come to...我想知道你是否能来......7.We sincerely hope you can attend it.我们真诚希望你能够参加。

8.It’s my pleasure/a great honour for me to invite you to...我很荣幸的邀请你......9.It’s a pity that you have to go back to America soon.So a farewell party for you will be held in the Sun Club this Saturday evening.Could you come at 6:00 pm?很遗憾你不久就要回美国了。所以，这周六，在阳光俱乐部我们会为你举行一个欢送会。下午六点你能来吗？ 【篇中句】介绍活动具体内容，并说明受邀人参加理由。

1.It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。 2.We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。 3.During the afternoon, we’ll...together.下午，我们会一起......4.Remember to take water and lunch with you.记得带上水和午餐。

5.By the way, you may take Bus No.322 in front of your apartment and it will take you directly to the club.顺便说一下，你可以乘坐你家公寓前的322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。 6.I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.我知道你的母语是英语，还是一个英语老师。我，代表我们学校，真诚的邀请你来比赛现场。

7.Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。

8.I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。 【篇尾句】期待对方接受邀请，并期待对方尽快回复。

1.Will you be available during that time? Please contact me at 1234567 at your earliest convenience.那期间你有空吗？请方便时尽快给我打电话1234567。

2.Would you please let me know as soon as poible if you can accept my invitation? 3.We will feel much honored if you could come.如果你能来，我们会非常荣幸。 4.We are looking forward to your coming.5.I am longing to see you soon.实战演练

假如你是李华，你校全体师生近期将举行一次远足活动，请你给外教Tim写一封邮件邀请他一起参加。内容要点如下表：

注意：1.词数100左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We would feel much honored if you could make it.

Sincerely yours,

第18篇：英语、写作

Letters of Complaint) 【例一】

Florence Trunkemeyer

College of Busine

Ball State University

Muncie, IN 47300

November 15, 1998

General Computer Corporation

Engineering Department

P.O.Box 73219

Fort Worth, TX 76108

Dear Sir:

With reference to our order No.W 98, the 120 computer sets supplies to the above order were delivered the day before yesterday, but we regret that 20 sets were badly damaged.

The packages containing the computer sets appeared to be in good condition and we accepted and signed for them without question.We unpacked the computer sets with care and can only aume that damage must be due to carele handling at some stage prior to packing.

We shall be glad if you will replace all 20 sets as soon as poible.Meanwhile, we have put the damaged computer sets aside in case you need them to su（转载自第一范文网http://www.daodoc.com，请保留此标记。）pport a claim on your suppliers for compensation.

Yours sincerely,

(Signature)

【例二】

Sunny Company

34 Zhongcheng Road Jinlian Building

Shanghai

September 12, 2001

Sales manager

Elegance Clothing Company

45 West Street, Nanjing

Jiangsu Province

Dear Mr.Chang:

On September 10, our order for 280 womens cotton sweaters was duly received, but we regret to say that 40 cotton sweaters in white color were seriously soiled.

We had the case investigated immediately, and the result shows the damage was due to improper packing, for which the suppliers are definitely responsible.

Needle to say, we have suffered a great lo from this, as we cannot sell the sweaters in this condition to our customers.We ask you to conduct investigation at your end and reply to us.

Sincerely yours,

Sunny Lee

Manager

您可以访问第一范文网（www.daodoc.com）查看更多与本文《英文投诉信二例》相关的文章。

1、投诉信

Directions: You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room.

Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term.You would prefer a single room.Explain your reasons.Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to expre/air diatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation.I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my diatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned.I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as poible.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

2、推荐信

Directions: One of your friends wants to apply for a job working with foreign teenagers.Write a letter to recommend him/her, describe his/her past experience, and explain the reasons.Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post.With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Tsinghua University several times.Busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record.Upon graduation he was aigned to be a teacher in Tsinghua Middle School.What is more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children.This won him great popularity among his students.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

3、感谢信

Directions: After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by Mr.Shakespeare.Write a special letter to expre your thanks.Dear Mr.Shakespeare, I am writing to expre my heartfelt gratitude.I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely aistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences might have been much serious.Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach.If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

4、邀请信

Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually, elaborating on the reason why such a party should be held, and what activities will be arranged for them.Dear Wangcai, I will hold a dinner party at my house on April 1, 2008 to celebrate Mr.Guo Jing’s marriage with Ms.Fujiwora.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to participate in the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strau.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

5、告示

Directions: The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information: 1) the purpose of the contest, 2) time and place of the contest, 3) what is required of the candidates, 4) details of the judges and awards.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese-Speaking Contest January 19, 2008 To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-cla activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (26 January) at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their claes before Tuesday next week.Five profeors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union Department of Chinese Language and Literature

6、交通问题

Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an eay in which you should 1) describe the pictures briefly; 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3) give your point of view.The pictures vividly reveal that heavy traffic is becoming increasingly serious all over the world.In the first photo, there is traffic congestion on the road with numerous cars, trucks and buses.In the second picture, hundreds of people are waiting for a train.We can deduce from the pictures that the photographer is trying to attract our attention to the iue of heavy traffic.First of all, every year men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.As people in mounting numbers flood into cities, city services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point.In addition, since in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used by traffic, traffic flows constantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways are provided for them.It is imperative for us to improve this situation.For one thing, the number of private cars should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more paengers.For another, more streets and roads should be constructed.Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem, there is an increased awarene that the two solutions may be combined with other poible solutions to produce the best effect.

7、网络问题

Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an eay in which you should 1) describe the picture briefly; 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and 3) give your point of view.In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet.As is vividly depicted in the picture, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work’s needs.Actually on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life.However, it seems rather ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with the mouse in this picture.The exaggerative and impreive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet.Discuion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in people’s chats.On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life.People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication.But on the other hand, a great many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.Cyber-living resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions.Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work.Accordingly, it is neceary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence.For one thing, college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news, to study English by registering for web courses, to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music, flash, film and pictures.Being veteran on-line shoppers, they frequently purchase books, CDs at much lower prices.For another, once indulged in the fictitious world, people can barely concentrate on real life.Consequently, many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately everyday, skipping many eential claes.After all, Internet is invented to enrich our life, to connect you and me, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.

8、环境问题

Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an eay in which you should 1) describe the pictures briefly; 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3)give your point of view.The pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe.In the first cartoon, a man is scorching the earth on a chimney.In the second one, a famous ancient Chinese poet, Wang Bo is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys into the air and dirty river polluted by a factory.We are informed that “the autumn river is the same color with the sky”.

The drawer is sending a meage about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution.There is no denying that the industry is indications of civilization, progre and development.Unfortunately, as industry develops, so will the number of factories, and the amount of industry pollutants.We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice our blue sky and pure water in order to obtain a little material gain.As a consequence, it is imperative for us to take drastic actions.On the one hand, the factories should be equipped with devices which can dispose of waste gas and water so as to prevent them from polluting our planet.On the other hand, there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm actions against poisonous gas sent off and unhealthy water polluted by factories.

9、职业道德

Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an eay in which you should 1) describe the pictures briefly; 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3)give your point of view.The cartoons vividly depict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in busine.In the first drawing, a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide pollution or poisonous elements in the foods.In the second picture, the administrative office, salesmen, breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck.Profeional dishonesty has a very damaging effect.In the first place, since cheating in busine reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakne of those businemen who engage in it, the dishonest practice will ultimately exerts a perverse influence on the whole society.In the second place, it not only puts honest businemen at a competitive disadvantage, encouraging those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later, but undermines the very foundation of profeional ethics in busine.It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case.But it is worthwhile.For one thing, to eliminate profeional dishonesty thoroughly, serious forms of punishment for a willful offense—a suspension of the offender from busine—should be applied.For another, since the incentives to engage in cheating in busine are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions, drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating or another

10、青少年问题

Directions: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an eay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon briefly; 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and 3) give your point of view.The cartoon vividly illustrates a gang of youngsters, holding axes in their hands, are rushing to fight with others.The caption reads, “Juvenile delinquency is increasingly lower than normal age.”

Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so.To begin with, with the rising divorce rate, some children are not properly taken care of, and are easily led astray by evildoers.What is more, devoid of the nourishment of education and a school environment, the teenagers failing in various entrance examinations become full of resentment at a society which they feel has rejected them.Last but not least, inexperienced and gullible young people plunge into the illusory world of electric games, on-line chat or even pornography.Such alienation from proper social values is the slippery slope to crime.It is my view that, first of all, the whole of society should attach great importance to the sound growth of youngsters.Furthermore, proper guidance and protection of adults and schools are vital to teenagers.To sum up, if we exert every effort, the juvenile crime rate will undoubtedly be brought down and effectively controlled in a short while.

第19篇：英语写作

一、写作备考须知(占15%，标准分107分)

写作调整到第一部分，会给考生造成一定的心理压力。而且原来的优势不复存在。以前写作放在最后写，写不出来的单词和短语还可以在前面的阅读和完形甚至词汇题目中找到对应的词汇，现在不行了。只有答题卡一张，没有任何语料的帮助。

1.中国学生目前写作主要存在以下主要问题：

1)基础不牢固，很多拼写和简单的语法错误；

2)写作词汇匮乏：词汇源匮乏，表达单一，阅卷老师很难找到亮点；

3)中式思维：没形成良好的英语表达习惯，写作文总是根据汉语的表达习惯来遣词造句，字字对译，在句法结构和语法规律上经常出错。

4)作文模式化严重。 考生作文大多雷同，写得再好，叫阅卷老师如何给你高分。

5)卷面不整洁，字数不够。现在作文都是扫描阅卷，如果卷面不整洁，印象分基本没有了。

2.关于写作我的建议：

1)了解写作类型与体裁，做到所谓的模板拆分和重新组合。

2)注意积累重要的以及典型的四级词汇和句式。 尤其是2500个核心词汇。

3)克服羞怯心理，把自己的作文拿给老师评阅，修改，点评。(好的老师不会不认真修改其学生的作文的)没有人指点，哪怕你写了百篇，也是原地踏步。

所以说，“教师一席话，胜写百篇文。”

4)遇到不会写的单词：换个说法，解释。

5)尽量不使用生僻的词汇，使用常见的短语和四级高频词汇。

6)尽可能多的使用亮点词汇和亮点句型，例如：

①.individuals, characters, folks代替(people ,persons)

②: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good

③:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad

如果bad做表语，可以有be le impreive代替

④.more and more =an increasing number of/a growing number of

more and more important = increasingly important

7) 适当实用被动来代替主动，这样更能客观地反映事实。句子开头不能总是用I，my等。 不用 We should take effective measures to… 而用 Effective measures should be taken to…

8) 善于实用连接词或插入语，例如 however, therefore, for example等

Some hold the opinion that… 换成Other individuals, however, take the attitude that…

别看一个小小的连接词，有时候作用很大的。正是：Small it is, unimportant it isn’t.9) 今后都是扫描阅卷，大家卷面一定要整洁，字数只能多不能少。

二、听力备考须知 (35%，标准分249分)

四级改革的目的之一，把以前以阅读为主的测试，转向以听说为主、兼顾读写的测试体系，避免出现“哑巴英语”，以提高学生的英语交流和沟通能力。

1.听力注意事项：

1) 点友们最担心的是听力选项的预览时间，第一部分表格可以得知，在9：55-10：00之间收答题卡一和最后试音时间时可以预览听力部分的选项，建议考生要充分利用这段时间扫描paage部分的选项，弄清三篇文章的主题，至于短对话第一题的四个选项在播音前6秒看还来得及。

2) 注意听力测试三个section前没有指令，直接播放题目，这与旧四级听力完全不同，考生听时需要集中注意力，不要错过重要的信息点。

2.分项指导

Section A 部分的8个小对话：通常都是一男一女的对话。在做短对话题目的时候，仍然要抓住关键词和场景这两个重要因素。通过捕捉题目中出现的关键词，判断相关场景。同学们应该熟悉四级听力常考的十大场景：学习场景、天气场景、医院场景、打工场景、租房场景、娱乐场景、餐馆场景、选课场景、论文场景、图书馆场景。英语是一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，在四级听力短对话部分可以做到未听先知的状态。

Section A长对话部分：就是把这些问答融入到一段两个人聊天或者交谈当中，其中有寒暄，有过渡，也有问答。考试的重点一般都是问答的答语上。通常情况下，出题的顺序和文章的顺序是一致的。

Section B的短文听力部分：不少同学觉得放的太快了，只能蒙个选项。仿佛即使经过长期练习，提高也并不明显，有时甚至觉得文章听懂了，做题时仍无从下手。的确，听力短文部分信息量大，题材范围广，从历年的考试题目来看，从生活、社会、政治到文化、历史、艺术都考到过，而且这种题目的题型变化多，复杂句多。但是，如果我们注意分析，短文听力还是有很多规律和方法可循。比如，听文章的时候一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。因为按西方人的习惯，他们喜欢单刀直入，开门见山，所以往往一篇文章的开头就是主题句(topic sentence),即便不是，它也会包含很多的信息。另外，文中出现的时间，数字，地点信息，原因和转折句也特别容易被考到。所以，听的时候要特别留心这些地方，及时做好笔记。

Section C部分：在做复合式听写题目之前，首先要对全文进行全局性的预览，尤其是段落第

一、二句和最后一句。如果时间充裕，还可抓紧时间观察空格前后的一些特殊现象，从中判断所填单词的词性、单复数、时态语态等等。听的时候要注意精听速记，以听为主，以记为辅。比如：遇到一些冠词，助动词时可先省略不记，又比如遇到一些较长的词组，可先记下每个单词的头一个字母，或者是较长的单词只记前三个字母等。等到全部听完之后，再利用一点时间进行检查：检查句子句法的完整性，单词的正确性等

3.新四级听力的出题趋势：

1) 磁带录音由过去单纯的美音朗读变为现在的英音美音交替朗读；

2) 语速较过去要快一些；

3) 生活中一些常用的偏难的词汇开始多次出现；

4) 小对话中的句子逐渐加长，增加了对长句的记忆以及对句子中关键信息的捕捉能力；

5) 不再是简单的细节对应，只要听清了能分辨出来就能答题，它变得更注重于对语言交际能力的考察，许多时候需要你总结或者听出说话人的言外之意；

6) 更加侧重于与当今大学生生活密切相关的话题

7) Section B的短文题型改掉了过去选材单一，题材以记叙文为主的特点，而是转变为以较难的说明文为主要趋势，并且内容更加广泛，涉及到环保、宇航、生物介绍等内容；

8) 复合式听写体裁范围越来越广。

4.如何有效提高听力水平

方法：由 精听 过渡到 泛听，逐步提高英语听力。

精听(多听几遍，听写或边听边做笔记，要听懂每一句话，每一个单词)

泛听(只听一遍，精力主要放在听懂大意上，不注重语言形式)

精听：找到合适的材料→寻找听力盲区 (可以试着跟读，练习语音语调)

泛听：扩大知识面，提高听力。

精听练习：新概念英语2，3，4；VOA Special English； 走遍美国等。

练习方式：dictation(听写)，听五遍，第一遍和最后一遍不暂停，其他每次都听到一句话后暂停，开始记录，接着放下一句。把听到的能写的都写下来。不会写的，听不出来的留白，直到5遍过来之后还有空白，这些空白就是你的听力盲区。然后这个扫盲。 每天一篇，每周进行一次总结，每个月一次大总结。

【注意】听之前不要看文本，知道最后实在听不出来的空白处就是你要提高的地方。 不断扫盲，不断提高。

大约新概念英语课文长短的短文200篇精听之后，听力就会有显著提高。然后可以开始泛听。

泛听练习：材料不限，主要听懂其大意。如果有兴趣，可挑一些语速快的泛听材料做精听练习，进一步提高自己听力水平。

考前听力练习：听历年

四、六级真题听力

听力训练过程：精听---泛听---真题听力

第20篇：英语写作

• Einstein (1879-1955)was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 1921 for his discovery of the law of the Photoelectric effect and his services for theoretical physics.

Death: 18 April, 1955 at the age of 76 in Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Key Achievements: Special relativity, General relativity, Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, Bose-Einstein Statistics.

Notable Honors: Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 1921, The Copley medal in 1925 for his contributions to quantum theory and for his theory of relativity, the Max Planck medal in 1929 for his achievements in Physics.

• In 1905 he published the paper on ma-energy equivalence, which gave twentieth century’s most famous equation E=MC2.The equation means that small amounts of ma could be converted into huge amounts of energy.It was the basis of development of nuclear power.

• In 1905, he published four research papers, the special theory of relativity, the Brownian motion theory, the photon theory of light, and the equivalence of ma and energy.The basis of special theory of relativity is that the velocity of light was absolute, albeit, all other velocities are relative.

• Exactly ten years later in 1915, Einstein published a research paper called “general relativity”.This theory gives the current meaning of gravitation in modern physics.The research paper explained gravity as a property of space-time.The general theory of relativity unifies Newton’s law of gravity and special relativity.The theory produced some of the greatest and strangest results in modern astronomy.

 Einstein was half German and half Swi, but when Hitler came to power in 1933, Einstein made his home in the USA.

Einstein’s fame rests on his two theories of relativity (see Relativity).

 His theory of special relativity was published in 1905 while he worked in

A.You will make sure

1.that my clothes and laundry are kept in good order;

2.that I will receive my three meals regularly in my room;

3.that my bedroom and study are kept neat, and especially that my desk is left for my use only.

B.You will renounce all personal relations with me insofar as they are not completely neceary for social reasons…

He is not a loyal manin all aspects.

This is not accurate

He was notoriously unfaithful as a husband, prone to falling in love with somebody else directly after the exchanging of vows.

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