岗位职责中英文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：人力资源经理岗位职责(中英文)

岗位职责 ： Responsibilities:

1.协助决策层制定公司发展战略，负责其功能领域内短期及长期的公司决策和战略；

To aist the management team in making plans of development and be responsible for the short-term or long-term decision-making independently 2.全面统筹规划人力资源开发及战略管理，拟定人力资源规划方案，并监督各项计划的实施；

To make overall plans of Human Resources development and govern the operation of programs

3、建立并完善人力资源管理体系，研究、设计人力资源管理模式各模块体系的全面建设，制定和完善配套的HR管理制度；

To establish and better HR management, research and design the overall construction of human resources system

4、向公司决策层提供人力资源、组织机构等方面的建议并致力于提高公司综合管理水平，控制人力资源成本；

To provide the management team with advises on HR management and improve the organization chart of company, like control the cost of human resources effectively

5、及时处理公司管理过程中的问题，招聘、面试公司所需要的人员， 策划公司的培训计划，指导员工职业生涯规划；

To solve the problems of management, recruit and interview the employees, make training courses regularly and help the stuff make self-career plan

6、负责公司的整体企业文化建设、外联政府部门公共关系建设；凝聚公司的团队。

To build the working atmosphere and corporate culture; to develop and maintain the internal and external relationship

7、负责公司的科技项目申报和管理，同时总体负责企业安全、环保、员工健康等相关工作。

To declare and manage the scientific projects, and be responsible for the health of employees, the safety and environment of workplace

8、负责公司各种行政申报、行政用品、团队活动策划组织。

To take charge of all the declaration to the authorities, office supplies and the organization of team activities

任职要求：

Requirements:

1、人力资源管理或相关专业本科以上学历。受过战略管理、生产管理、市场营销、财务管理等方面的培训；

University major in human resources or related bachelor degree; educational or training backgrounds on strategy-making, manufacture management, marketing and financial affairs

2、5年以上行政人事经理经验 ，良好的英文基础。

5+ years Human Resources manager experience, with good command of English

3、熟悉人力资源的六大模块（人力资源规划、招聘与配置、培训与开发、绩效管理、薪酬福利管理、劳动关系管理），熟悉国家、地区及企业关于合同管理、薪金制度、用人机制、保险福利待遇、培训等方面的法律法规及政策；

Being familiar with the six part of Human Resources: human resource planning (HRP),recruitment, training, performance appraisal, compensation, labor relations

4、很强的计划性和实施执行的能力；有亲和力，很强的激励、沟通、协调、团队领导能力，责任心、事业心；

Strong organizational and prioritization skills, outstanding communication, coaching, and interpersonal skills with the ability to work effectively with people at all levels of the organization

5、有外资企业及国际化企业工作者优先。

Experience in multinational company preferred

推荐第2篇：中英文翻译

蓄电池 battery 充电 converter 转换器 charger

开关电器 Switch electric 按钮开关 Button to switch 电源电器 Power electric 插头插座 Plug sockets

推荐第3篇：中英文辞职报告

背景：Harrod 当过十八个月的推销员。他虽然很喜欢同各地销售商打交道，单却不愿经常出差。他把这个问题向销售经理放映过几次，可公司并没有其他适合他的职位，所以他只好辞职。

Dear Benson:

I am sure it will come as no surprise to you that I wish to resign my position as a sales representative , effective at your convenience ,but not later than June 12.

You are fully aware of my problem, Benson.Although I like the company and the people I work with, being on the road for weeks at a time does not appeal to me.I think the situation would be entirely different if I were single or even married with no children.But with two youngsters , traveling represents a real hardship on me and especially on my wife.After each trip it gets increasingly harder for me to treat myself away from my family to go back on the road.

I really have no plans at the moment.I need to take some time to think about what I want to do.I may try to get back into coaching and I’m also considering buying into a local sporting goods store.Whatever I wind up doing, it will have to be something that will permit me to stay anchored in one place.

Thank you for everything you have done for me.I really don’t know how I could received better treatment from a company or a manager.

Sincerely,

Harrod

P.S.In case I need a reference, may I use your name? I would very much appreciate it.

亲爱的本森：

我相信我辞去推销员的职位，你并不会感到奇怪。我将在你认为可行的时候辞职，但不迟于6月12日。

本森，你很清楚我的问题。虽然我喜欢公司，也喜欢于同事们相处，但每次出差在外，一去就是好几个星期，确实让人厌烦。我想如果我尚为结婚或虽结婚而没有孩子的话，情况就完全不同。但现在我有两个孩子 。因此，出差对我，特别是对我的妻子而言的确是件难事。每次出差回来后，我感到要告别我得家人踏上出差的路越来越困惑。

我暂时尚无面向未来的计划。我需要认真考虑一下将来到底作什么。我可能干当教练这一老行当，也可能想买进一家体育用品商店。无论我最终干什么，它必须让我在一个地方稳定地生活，而不必四处奔波。

谢谢您所为我做的一切。

您忠实的

Harrod

推荐第4篇：简历中英文

(This sample is for reference purpose only and is not a real resume for specific ones)

Name Daisy, Zhang Xing Hui

Date of Birth Mar.27, 1984

Gender Female

Nationality:Chinese

Marital Status Married

Current LocationXi’an

2002/09-2006/07Southwest University of Finance and Economic

BA of Busine English

Certificate CET6

2010/06-PresentHSBC, Xi’an Branch

Relationship Officer

 Report to CMB Manager, Xi’an Banch

 Main responsibilities:

 Corporate account opening.

 Customer relationship maintenance, including security document

preparation and check, daily routine work service

 Draft facility proposal, analyzing the market environment, financial

statistics and credit risks and covenants.

 To identify customer’s potential busine needs base on daily service to

the customer.

 Customer-base: LLC, MME & FIE

 As CMB team coordinator, I am also responsible for cro department tasks

coordinating and all reports preparation from internal and external parties.2008/08-2010/06HSBC, Chongqing Branch

Senior Aistant to Regional Manager Western China, Commercial Banking

 Report to CMB Regional Manager

 Main responsibilities:

 Proposal pro-reading for Regional Manager and record Regional

Manager’s comments on the proposal for each branch

 Arrange case discuion between Regional Manager and branch CMB

Mgrs.

 Analyze regional performance base on branch and region performance

report.

 Secretarial support to Regional Manager, including internal & external

meetings and busine travel arrangement.

 Coordinate all branches‘ report within the region

 Busine base coverage: Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Xi’an and Changsha

 Transfer reason: personal reason

2006/07-2008/08HSBC, Chengdu Branch

Aistant to Regional Manager Western China, Commercial Banking

 Report to CMB Regional Manager

 Main responsibilities:

 Analyze regional performance base on branch and region performance

report.

Secretarial support to Regional Manager, including meeting and travel

arrangement

 Coordinate all branches‘ report within the region.

 Busine base coverage: Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan

 Transfer reason: Regional Center set up in Chongqing



Self Appraisal

1.Please summarize your working experience including management experience

2.Please list down your profeional knowledge & skill

3.What do you think of your major achievement?

4.Please describe your personality?

5.What license or qualification do you have that make you feel you are skillful in your field?

6.How about your foreign language ability?

7.How you picture your career and what is your career plan?

8.Please list down your current package, including bonus, profit sharing, allowances, etc.

9.Expect salary:pre-tax or after-tax

履历样本

(这个履历样本为虚构,仅供参考,如有雷同纯属巧合) 个人信息

姓名李 明

出生日期19xx.01.01

性别男

国籍新加坡籍

婚姻状况已婚

目前所在地上海市

教育背景

1993/09-1997/06xx大学 国际金融本科 是否有拿到相关学位证书

职业经历

2001/6-至今 ABC银行北京分公司，北京

2004/3 - 至今 北京地区渠道负责人

 汇报给北京分公司总经理下属人数

 已经在北京地区建立客户资源和拜访了大量的客户

 任营业部副总经理期间，组织建立了xxx路营业部，在当时，营业部的设

施等均为业内前列，属于xx证券经济业务部直属营业部。

 初期个人引进的客户保证金和市值达2亿多元，为营业部在以后两年的发

展奠定了扎实的基础

 在公司负责直销配合渠道销售方面也积累了一定的业绩和大量的客户资

源、

工作业绩：

特殊成就和得奖记录：

转换原因：

2001/6 – 2004/3北京地区营销负责人

 汇报给北京分公司总经理 下属人数

 负责国债期货自营，在国债期货暂停后,操作过半年的商品期货,取得优秀

的业绩

 1997任上海总部经纪业务部经理，管理上海的3家营业部

工作业绩：

特殊成就和得奖记录：

转换原因：内部提拔

1999/9 – 2004/10DEF银行上海分行, 上海

投资部经理、经济业务部经理 下属人数

 汇报给投资部负责人

 1997任上海总部经纪业务部经理，管理上海的3家营业部

 2002年被总公司授予xx证券十大明星业务员

 2004年上半年全国营销部经理KPI考核第一名

 领导xx证券东方路营业部的的营销团队在本公司全国营业部2003年上半

年营销评比中获第三名

工作业绩：

特殊成就和得奖记录：

转换原因：到北京发展

自我分析评估

1.您拥有多少年工作经验？都涉及哪些领域？

2.您有多少年的管理经验？（从何时开始带直接下属?直接下属最多时有多少人？）

3.您具备何种专业知识技能？

如熟悉信贷分析，掌握银行风控点，能规避业务操作风险

4.在工作上,您认为您有哪些最大的成就？

5.您觉得您是什么性格的人？

6.您在工作上取得的专业证照有哪些？

7.您的外语能力如何？

8.您如何规划您的职业? 您的职业目标是什么？对哪些领域及类别的职位最感兴趣？

9.请详细列明您目前薪资福利状况

如基本工资：人民币3500/月（税前还是税后）*12个月=人民币42,000

绩效工资（按季度发放）: (3个月) 人民币15,000（税前还是税后）/月*4=人民币60,000车补: 人民币1100（税前还是税后）/月*12=人民币13,200

通讯费：人民币200（税前还是税后）/月*12=人民币2,400

房补: 人民币6,00（税前还是税后）/月*12=人民币7,200

10.期望薪资（税前还是税后）

推荐第5篇：教学大纲中英文

《固体电子器件原理》

教学大纲

傅兴华 编写

贵州大学电子科学系 2008年5月修订

（第一版：2001年4月）《固体电子器件原理》教学大纲

一、教学对象

《固体电子器件原理》是微电子技术本科专业的专业课。学习本课程之前，要求学生已经具有量子力学、热力学与统计物理、固体物理和半导体物理方面的知识。本课程也可以作为计算机科学与技术、电子信息类和电气信息类本科专业的选修课。

二、教学目的

本课程论述基于电子的微观运动规律为基础的各种电子器件的工作原理。其核心内容是硅微电子器件的工作原理和设计方法。本课程的目的是让学生了解和掌握微电子器件相关的物理知识，熟练掌握各种常见微电子器件参数与器件的结构参数和材料参数之间的关系。能够进行典型的微电子器件设计。初步具备新型器件的跟踪研究能力和自主开发能力。为后续课程《微电子系统设计》打下一定的基础。

三、教学要求

教学内容贯彻少而精的原则,突出重点,突出基础训练.因本学科属于快速发展的工程技术学科,在教学中还应突出学科的前沿性.本课程的总要求是,学生学完本课程后,能够比较自觉地应用固体与半导体物理的知识,分析电子器件的参数与微电子器件的结构参数和工艺参数之间的关系,具有一定的电子器件的研究开发能力.

四、教学内容与安排

本课程的主要内容可分为6章。下面分别叙述其主要内容和教学要求。

第一章 微电子器件物理基础

已经单独开设半导体物理课程的微电子技术专业可跳过这一章。非器件专业的学生则必须讲授这一章。主要内容是固体材料的晶体结构和能带结构，固体和半导体中载流子的统计分布，载流子的输运过程，低维输运，固体和半导体的热、光、电行为。

要求器件专业的学生从定性和定量两方面掌握和应用本章的知识，而对非器件专业的学生，则要求定性理解本章的内容，并熟悉简单的定量关系。

第二章 pn结

本章是器件原理中十分重要的一章，务必要求学生熟练掌握和应用本章的知识。主要内 1 容包括，pn结特性的定性描述和定量描述，pn结的直流特性，pn结的寄生效应，pn结的交流小信号特性及其等效电路，pn结的开关过程及其物理实质，pn结的击穿模型及其定量描述。金属-半导体接触放在本章介绍。各种结构的能带图，用泊松方程求解pn结问题和载流子在pn结内的输运原理是本章的两个重点。

具体要求是：

深刻理解和画出各种偏置条件下pn 结、金属-半导体接触的能带图； 理解和掌握准费米能级的概念和应用； 熟练计算pn结的接触电势差；

深刻理解和掌握pn结直流特性的有关概念和计算问题； 熟练计算pn结的空间电荷区宽度和势垒电容； 熟练计算pn结的开关过程参数；

掌握和计算pn结击穿的有关理论和计算问题。 要求学生课外完成30道左右有一定难度的习题。

第三章 双极型晶体管

本章包括了传统晶体管原理的主要内容，是学生必须熟练掌握的内容。通过本章的学习，学生对于微电子器件原理的分析和应用能力将得到进一步的提高。本章内容主要包括双极型晶体管内载流子的输运过程，双极型晶体管的直流特性、频率特性、功率特性和开关特性。要求重点掌握和理解双极型晶体管的能带图，载流子的输运过程、直流特性和频率特性几方面的内容。

具体要求是：

根据给定结构参数和材料参数，计算双极型晶体管的发射结注入效率、基区输运系数、α、β、基极电阻等直流参数；渡越时间、截止频率等交流参数；解释和计算发射极电流集边效应和基区宽度扩展效应等功率晶体管的有关问题；解释和计算晶体管的极限参数如击穿电压、最大耗散功率等；计算晶体管的开关参数。

要求学生课外完成30道左右有一定难度的习题。了解双极型晶体管技术和工艺的新进展。

第四章 场效应晶体管

由于现代集成电路中的器件绝大多数都是场效应晶体管，因此本章的学习显得尤为重要。本章分为结型场效应晶体管（JFET）和绝缘栅场效应晶体管（IGFET或MOSFET）两部分。结型场效应晶体管部分可以略讲，重点放在绝缘栅场效应晶体管部分。

具体要求是：

掌握涉及JFET的电流电压方程的有关问题；掌握JFET的短沟道效应的有关概念和物理模型，了解JFET交流特性和参数。

掌握MOS二极管的实验原理和方法，MOS二极管C-V特性的重要意义和应用范围；深刻理解阈电压各项的物理意义，熟练掌握MOSFET阈电压的计算；掌握MOSFET电流电压方程、直流参数和交流参数的有关计算问题。理解亚阈区导电原理、物理模型和计算方法。深刻理解和掌握各种短沟道效应的物理模型、分析方法。了解MOSFET的按比例缩小理论和重要意义。了结亚微米、深亚微米MOSFET 发展的最新动向。

2 要求学生课外完成30道左右有一定难度的习题，阅读有关MOSFET最新进展的文献5万字以上。了解MOSFET晶体管技术和工艺的新进展。

第五章 光电子器件

半导体激光器件与发光器件在现代信息社会中扮演着十分重要的角色，是微电子技术和光电子技术的桥梁和纽带，是最为活跃的研究领域之一。本章要求学生掌握常用半导体激光和发光器件的制造工艺、工作原理和主要参数，并了解这些器件的应用领域。

本章的教学方式为讲座式和讨论式。课外作业为阅读有关最新进展的论文和论文综述。

第六章 功率器件

本章主要学习双极型功率器件、MOSFET功率器件和可控硅三方面的内容。鉴于学生通过前述章节的学习，已经掌握了固体器件原理的基本方法，本章有学生讲授、课堂讨论的形式完成。

学时安排

总学时数为80 学时，其中课堂教学72学时。

第一章 微电子器件物理基础8学时；

第二章 pn结，金属半导体接触，16学时；

第三章 双极型晶体管12学时，专业文献阅读和讨论2学时； 第四章 场效应晶体管20学时，专业文献阅读和讨论4学时； 第五章 光电子器件4学时，专业文献阅读和讨论2学时； 第六章 功率器件，文献阅读和讨论4学时。 专业文献阅读和讨论学时数也可集中使用。

五、测试

测试内容分为概念、计算和开放式论述，以及课程设计三个方面。概念题和计算题主要检查学生掌握所学知识的面、牢固程度和综合应用所学知识解决一般问题的能力，以闭卷考试的形式进行。概念题占40%，计算题占60%，考题在题库中抽取。题库大小为不低于250道题，其中概念题不低于100道。开放式论述题考查学生对已学知识的综合应用能力和应用已有知识去获取新知识的能力，以开卷考试论文式考题的形式进行。课程设计结合集成电路设计和微电子工艺实验进行。

六、参考书目

1.半导体物理学 ,刘恩科等待,国防工业出版社,94年版. 3 2． C. Kittel Introduction to solid state physics 3. Donald A.Neamen: Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principle, Third Edition.清华大学出版社，2003年影印版。

4. S.M.Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Second edition.6. 半导体器件学术论文选读。

7．傅兴华等编《半导体器件原理》讲义1994年本。

8．浙江大学半导体教研室编《晶体管原理》国防工业出版社1980年6月第一版。

七、教学中应注意的问题

教学中正确处理基础知识教学与文献阅读之间的关系,专业文献阅读必须在学生已经较为牢固地掌握基础知识的前提下进行，各章的教学重点一定要与固体与半导体物理的知识结合起来，讲深讲透。专业文献的阅读除了让学生了解本学科的前沿之外，还应对学生基础知识的学习起巩固作用和引导作用。文献的选择除了要确实能反映学科前沿外，还应注意难易适当，阅读量适中，保证学生能在教师的辅导下真正读懂原文。

4

Course Programme for Solid State Electronic Devices 1.The Object of the Course.Principle of Micro-electronics Device is the course designed for the undergraduate students of micro-electronics technology specialty.Before taking this cla, the students are required to have the knowledge of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, solid state physics and semiconductor physics.This course can also be taken by the students of computer science and technology, electronic information and electric information.

2.The Purpose the Course

The cla will discu the principles of working of all kinds of electronic devices based on the microscopic movement of electron.The main content will be the principle of working and the method of design of silicon-based devices.The purpose is to let the students understand and master physical knowledge related to the microelectronic devices, skillfully master all kinds of relations of devices parameters with structural parameter and material parameter.The students are requires to be able to design some typical devices, also they will be able to have the basic ability to follow and develop new devices.This course will also make the students ready for the following course of the design microelectronic system.

3.The Requirement of the Teaching The main content of teaching should emphasize the main points, basic training.Because this major is in the field of engineering and technology which is still developing fast, therefore the cutting-edge of this area should be emphasized in the teaching.The general requirement of this course is the following: After taking this course, the students will be able to use the knowledge of solid state physics and semiconductor physics, to be able to analyze the relation between electronic devices parameters, microelectronic device structural parameter and material parameter, to be able to do research and develop of electronic devices.

4.The Content and Arrangement of the Teaching

The content of this course will be taught in six chapters, the following will be the detail.

5 Chapter 1 The Basic Physics of Microelectronic Devices.

Those in the major of microelectronic technology who have taken the course of semiconductor physics can discard this chapter.For those who are not in microelectronic device major, they must take this chapter.The main content is crystal structure of solid material and energy band structure, the statistical distribution of charge carrier in solid and semiconductor, the transport of carriers, low dimensional transport, the thermo, electric and optical behavior of solid and semiconductor.

The students in the major of micro-devices are required to master the knowledge of this chapter qualitatively and quantitatively.For those students not in the major of micro-device, they are required to mater the knowledge qualitatively and to be familiar with some simple quantitative relations.

Chapter 2 pn Junction

This chapter is a very important chapter in the course of the principle of devices.The students are mandated to skillfully master and apply the knowledge in this chapter.The main knowledge in this chapter is the following: the qualitative and quantitative description of pn junction; the DC characteristic of pn junction; the induced effects in pn junction; the AC small signal characteristic and its equivalent circuit; the switch proce and physical basis of pn junction; the breakdown model of pn junction and its quantitative description.The metal-semiconductor contact will be introduced in this chapter.The energy band diagram of various device structure; to use the Poiion equation to solve the problem of pn junction and the transport of carrier in pn junction are the two important parts in this chapter.

The requirement is: 1) Deeply understand the energy band diagram of pn junction and metal-semiconductor contact under various bias conditions.Draw the diagrams skillfully.2) Understand the concept of Fermi level and master the application of it.3) Calculate the contact potential of pn junction skillfully.4) Deeply understand the concepts of DC characteristic of pn junction and master the related calculation 5) Skillfully calculate the width of space charge region and the capacity of potential barrier.6) Skillfully calculate the parameters of switch proce of pn junction 7) Understand the theoryt of breakdown of pn junction and master the related calculation The students are required to finish about 30 problem with appropriate difficulty.

Chapter 3 The Bipolar Junction Transistors The chapter covers the main contents of the traditionally treated aspects of the bipolar transistors.They include: The carrier transportation in the BJT.The current gain factors of the BJT.The frequency response of the BJT.Some topic related to the power application of the device. 6 The switching characteristics of the device.After complete this chapter, the students should consolidate their ability to analyze the physics nature of carriers in devices, and most importantly understand how to find the device parameters, such as current gain, breakdown voltage, cut off frequency, from the material and geometric parameters, such as mobility, doping concentration, junction depth and width, of a device.

Chapter 4 The Field Effect Transistors The chapter covers MOS capacitor, MOSFET, the JFET and MESFET is also discued in brief.The main content to be grasped is as follows: MOS capacitor and its characterization, C-V curve and its applications.The operation of the MOSFET.The threshold voltage and its calculation.Modification of the threshold by short channel and narrow channel effects Adjustment of the threshold by ion implantation.Other electrical effects resulted from the shrink size of the MOSFET.The scaling theory.The students are required very familiar with the above mentioned aspects, and then to read the related materials in “the international technology roadmap for semiconductors”.

Chapter 5 Optical Devices

This chapter deals with the mechanisms of the emiion and absorption of photon in semiconductors.Devices which converted optical energy into electrical energy, such as solar cell, photo detector are covered.The representative devices which converted electrical energy into optical energy is light emitting diodes (LED) and lasers.The energy band structure of the solid plays an important role in operations and fabrications of these devices.

Chapter 6 Semiconductor Power Devices

This chapter covers bipolar junction power transistors, power VMOS and DMOS transistors and the thyristors.Heat sinking and junction temperature are also discued in brief.This chapter is studied by students themselves and complete the course by discuions in cla.Course Schedule The total lecture hours of the course are 72.The fundamental physics of the solid and semiconductors: 8 hours.The pn junction and diode: 16 hours.The bipolar junction transistors: 12 hours, reading and discuions: 2 hours.The MOS structure MOSFET and JFET: 20 hours, reading and discuions: 4 hours. 7 The optical devices: 4 hours, reading and discuions: 2 hours.The Semiconductor power devices: reading and discuions: 4 hours.The time aigned for reading and discuions can be adjusted in case needed.

5.Examination

The examination is divided into three parts: basic concepts and theory, e.g.energy band diagram of device structures, neceary calculation, and short eay for a specific topic.The main purpose of the examination is to check the fundamental knowledge of the student, and the ability to analyze and solve problems.The short eay, which can be related to some emerge research devices can be finished after the cla by the students.The aim is to check the students’ ability to gain new knowledge and new ideas.6.Reading List 2.

半导体物理学 ,刘恩科等待,国防工业出版社, 94年版.3.C. Kittel Introduction to solid state physics 4.

Donald A.Neamen: Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principle, Third Edition.清华大学出版社，2003年影印版。

5.S.M.Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Second edition.6.半导体器件学术论文选读。

7.傅兴华等编《半导体器件原理》讲义,1994年版。

8.浙江大学半导体教研室编《晶体管原理》国防工业出版社1980年6月第一版。

推荐第6篇：新年贺词 中英文

2005新年贺词 中英文.txt和英俊的男人握握手，和深刻的男人谈谈心，和成功的男人多交流，和普通的男人过日子。新年前夕，中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛通过中国国际广播电台、中央人民广播电台和中央电视台，发表了题为《共同创造人类的美好未来》的2005年新年贺词。

女士们，先生们，同志们，朋友们：

2005年的新年钟声即将鸣响。在这辞旧迎新的时刻，我很高兴通过中国国际广播电台、中央人民广播电台和中央电视台，向全国各族人民，向香港特别行政区同胞和澳门特别行政区同胞，向台湾同胞和海外侨胞，向世界各国的朋友们，致以新年的祝福！

2004年，是中国人民在全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化进程中开拓前进的一年。在这一年里，我们坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，树立和落实以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观，继续深化改革、扩大开放、促进发展、保持稳定，国民经济保持良好发展势头，社会主义政治文明、精神文明建设取得新的成就，各项社会事业有新的发展，人民生活进一步改善。中国共产党召开十六届四中全会，总结执政的主要经验，对加强党的执政能力建设作出全面部署。当前，中国各族人民正在为实现国家富强、民族振兴、社会和谐、人民幸福而团结奋斗。

在这一年里，我们高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，努力维护世界和平、促进共同发展，在一系列涉及世界和地区安全和发展的重大问题上发挥了建设性作用，推进了中国同世界各国的友好交往和务实合作。

女士们、先生们、同志们、朋友们！

2005年，是中国全面实现第十个五年计划目标的最后一年，也是中国推进全面建设小康社会进程的重要一年。我们将认真落实科学发展观，坚持以经济建设为中心，继续加强和改善宏观调控，加快调整经济结构，着力推进改革开放，促进经济平稳较快发展，推进政治文明和精神文明建设，努力构建和谐社会，把中国特色社会主义事业继续推向前进。

我们将继续坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格按照香港特别行政区基本法和澳门特别行政区基本法办事，支持特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政，密切内地同香港、澳门的经贸联系，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。

我们将坚持“和平统

一、一国两制”的基本方针和现阶段发展两岸关系、推进祖国和平统一进程的八项主张，促进两岸人员往来和经济文化等领域的交流，继续以最大的诚意、尽最大的努力争取和平统一的前景。我们愿在一个中国原则的基础上，尽早恢复两岸对话和谈判。但是，我们绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分割出去。我再次呼吁，包括台湾同胞在内的全体中华儿女团结起来，反对和遏制“台独”分裂势力及其活动，为早日完成祖国统一大业而共同努力。

女士们、先生们、同志们、朋友们！

国际形势正处在深刻变化之中，和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题。世界多极化和经济

全球化的趋势继续在曲折中发展，科技进步日新月异，为各国发展带来了新的机遇。但是，影响和平与发展的不稳定、不确定因素也在增加，地区冲突、恐怖主义、南北差距、环境恶化、贸易壁垒等问题，使人类和平与发展的事业也面临着严峻挑战。维护世界和平、促进共同发展，是各国人民的共同心愿。中国人民愿同各国人民一道，推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，提倡国际关系民主化，尊重世界多样性，促进树立新安全观，努力实现全球经济均衡可持续发展。中国人民对世界上仍陷于战火、冲突、饥饿、贫困等苦难的人民怀着深切同情，衷心祝愿他们早日走上和平发展之路，并愿为他们提供力所能及的帮助。我相信，只要各国人民和有远见的政治家，从人类的前途命运和共同利益出发，以合作谋和平，以合作促发展，携手克服前进道路上的困难，我们就一定能够共同创造人类的美好未来。

最后，我从北京祝大家在新的一年里幸福安康！

Hu Jintao delivers New Year addre

cctv.com 01-01-2005 08:39

A New Year\'s addre delivered in Beijing by Chinese President Hu Jintao on January 1, 2005.The president\'s speech on New Year\'s Eve was a call for more concerted efforts from the Chinese people and the world to build a better future for mankind.Here are full contents of the speech:

Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades and Friends:

The New Year\'s bell will soon toll to usher in the year 2005.At this special moment, in saying goodbye to the past and looking forward to the future, I\'d like to extend New Year\'s greetings to Chinese people of all ethnic groups, compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, Taiwan compatriots, overseas Chinese, as well as our friends from all around the world, through China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television.

The year 2004 witneed the Chinese people\'s inceant efforts to build an all-around well-off society, and push forward the socialist modernization drive.In this year, guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of the \"Three Represents\", we have established and implemented the conception of people-based, comprehensively coordinated and sustainable scientific development.We continued to further reform and opening-up policies, and promote development, maintain social stability, and the National economy keeps a momentum of good development.New succees have been made in the construction of socialist political and spiritual civilizations.There is a new development in various social undertakings, and people\'s living standards have been further improved.The Communist Party of China held the fourth Plenum of its 16th National Congre, examining the experience of its governing over the past year, and mapping out an overall guidelines for strengthening its efforts to improve its governing capability.At present, Chinese people of all ethnic groups are joining their hands and striving to realize the country\'s prosperity, the nation\'s rejuvenation, and society\'s harmony as well as people\'s happine.

In this past year, we held high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, adhered to our independent foreign policy of peace, and the road of peace and development, worked hard to maintain world peace and promoting common development, and played a constructive role in a wide range of major iues concerning the security and development of the world and regions, and promoted the friendly exchanges and practical cooperation between China and the various countries of the world.

Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades and Friends!

The year 2005 is the last year when China fully realizes its Tenth Five-Year Plan, and a crucial year for the country to promote the all-around construction of a well-off society.We will earnestly implement the scientific conception of development, and keep economic development as our central task.We will continue to strengthen and improve macro-economic control, and speed up the economic restructuring.We will work hard to promote reform and opening up and stable and fast development of the economy, enhance the construction of political and spiritual civilizations, work hard to build a harmonious society, and push forward the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

We will continue to adhere to the policies of \"One Country, Two Systems\" and the high autonomy of Hong Kong people in Hong Kong and Macao people in Macao.We will also continue to stick to the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, support their chief executives and governments in exercising their legal powers, enhance economic and trade ties between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, and maintain the long term prosperity and stability of the two SARs.

We will stick to the basic principals of peaceful reunification and \"One Country, Two Systems\", and the current eight-point proposal for developing cro-Straits relations and pushing forward the country\'s peaceful reunification proce, to promote human, economic, and cultural exchanges acro the Taiwan Straits, and to continue to seek the realization of peaceful reunification with the utmost sincerity and the greatest efforts.

We are willing to resume cro-Straits dialogue and negotiations based on the \"One China\" principle.However, we will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from China in any way.Once again, I call on all Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots, to unite to oppose and contain the so-called \"Taiwan independence forces\" and their activities, and strive for an early reunification of the country.

Ladies and gentlemen, comrades, friends!

The current international situation continues to undergo profound and complex changes.Peace and development remain the dominant trends of the times.The development of a multi-polarized world and economic globalization is gathering momentum at a rapid

rate.Science and technology are developing at a great speed every day, bringing new opportunities to every country.

However, the influence of factors of instability and uncertainty is on the increase.Problems such as territorial conflicts, terrorism, the gap between North and the South, the deteriorating environment, and trade barriers are posing serious threats to the peace and development of mankind.

Maintaining world peace and promoting common development are the common wishes of peoples of all countries.The Chinese people are willing to work with peoples of other countries to establish a fair and reasonable international political and new economic order, promote democratization in international relations, respect world diversities, create new concepts of security, and realize the balanced and sustainable development of the world economy.

The Chinese people feel deep sympathy for other peoples in the world who are plagued by war, conflict, hunger and poverty.We hope that they will soon be able to embark on the road of peace and development, and we are willing to provide all the aistance we can.

We believe that as long as people of all countries and their leaders work hard and with foresight for mankind\'s future and common interests, cooperate to achieve peace and development, and join hands to conquer difficulties, then we will be able to create a bright future for mankind.

Finally, from here in Beijing I wish you all the best for the New Year!

推荐第7篇：自我介绍(中英文)

大家好，我叫李军，我来自山东省济南市。现在在北京大学读研究生二年级，专业是声学信号处理。在平时的工作和学习中我喜欢和其他人交流沟通，这样能够发现很多令人耳目一新的观点。我曾经作为队长带领3个组员参加过DSP比赛，在参加比赛的过程中，我努力使我们组每一个人都有自己明确的任务，只要我们做好自己的事情，整个的任务也就完成的很好，我很高兴做到了这一点。我们4个人合作的非常愉快。不过这也带来一个小小坏习惯，我有点不想做一个人的任务了，我喜欢与人合作。我相信我会在这里结识很多朋友，也会合作愉快。我的业余爱好是和朋友一起游泳，打羽毛球和旅游。喜欢到处品尝美食也是我的一个很重要的爱好，我还是北大bbs美食版的版主，欢迎各位与我交流。

Hello everybody! My name is Lijun, I come from Jinan city, Shandong province, Jinan is a beautiful city, famous for its springs, such as BAO TU spring.I am grade two master of EE Peking University, major in Acoustic signal proceing.I like to communicate with people in my study and work, because I can often findviewpoint.Once I took part in a competition as a lead of four-student team..During the competition, I tried my best to distribute everybody with clear task..If each one had accomplished his task, the whole work were well done.I was satisfied to achieve this destination.We, four students, cooperated with happine.After that, I got a little bad manner, that is :

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!My name is Li Jun,I come from Jinan city, Shandong province,My hometown is a beautiful city, and it’s famous for the fabulous BAO TU spring.

I am in my second academic year in the master’s programme in EE Peking University, majoring in Acoustic signal proceing.I have the talent to communicate well with people during my study and work, because I can often see the good characters inside every person.Once I took part in a competition as a leader of a four-student team.During the competition, I tried my best to distribute everybody with a clear task and

responsibility.If each had accomplished one’s task, the whole work would be well done.I was glad that we had achieved this goal.The other three members and I cooperated well.After that, I am always happy to cooperate with other players.I am sure that I can make some friends indeed and accomplish the work as perfectly as I can.

My hobbies are swimming, badminton and traveling with friends.Furthermore, to be a gourmet is my little dream.I am the broad manager of Food at PKU BBS.Welcome to our broad for more chatting and communicating.

I hope we can be good friends there.

推荐第8篇：中英文自我介绍

Goodafternoon, teachers! Today, I`m very happy to make a speech here.Now, let me introduce myself.My name is xxx.I`m

10.I come from Cla3 Grade 5.I`m an active girl.I like reading、playinggames and listening to music.Because I think it`s very interesting.I`d like to eat apple.They`re tasty.My favourite colour is green.And I like math best.It`s fun.I like reading books in my room.I have a happy family.And I`m a good student.My dream is to be a teacher, because I want to help the poor children in the future.Thank you for listening! Please remember me。

下午好，老师 ！今天，我非常高兴地在这里发言。现在，让我介绍一下我自己。我的名字是xxx。我10岁了。我来自5年级3班。我是一个活泼的女孩。我喜欢阅读、玩游戏和听音乐。因为我觉得它是很有趣。我喜欢吃苹果。它们很美味。我最喜欢的颜色是绿色的。我最喜欢数学。它很有趣。我喜欢在我的房间里看书。我有一个幸福的家庭。而我是一个好学生。我的梦想是当一名老师，因为我想在未来帮助贫困的孩子。感谢您收听 ！请记住我。

推荐第9篇：中英文邀请函

Company Name

Company Location

China Embay P.R.Germany06.12.201

1Dear Madam/Sirs,

We hereby confirm that Mr., After Service Engineer of, will visit our company in Shanghai in early Jan.2012to install and adjust ourfacilities.We hereby kindly hope you could iue him a proper Visa.Here are his personal dates:

Family name:

First name:

Date of birth:

Place of birth:

Nationality:

Paport no.:

Paport expiry:

Profeion:

The travel costs within China will be born by ( Company Name)

Thank you in advance.

Yours sincerely,

Signature

( Company Name)

公司名称

公司地址

中国驻德国大使馆

06.12.2011

邀请函

亲爱的先生/女士:

我们兹证实（人名）先生, （公司名称、职位），将于2012年1月初前来上海为我司安装调试机械设备，请予签发相关签证为感！

（人名）先生个人信息如下：

姓:

名:

出生日期:

出生地:

国籍:

护照号.:

护照到期日：

职位:

此次旅行期间的所有费用,包括各项旅行费用和旅行期间的保险费用用和旅行期间的保险费用由——公司承担。

签章

推荐第10篇：中英文摘要

中英文摘要

作者姓名：段小洁

论文题目：单壁碳纳米管的AFM操纵、形变及相关拉曼光谱研究

作者简介：段小洁，女，1980年2月出生，2002年9月师从于北京大学刘忠范教授，于2007年7月获博士学位。

中文摘要

对形变碳纳米管（CNTs）的研究，包括研究其在应力存在下的结构演化、应力对其各种光电性质及电子能带结构的影响等，不仅对CNTs在复合材料、纳电子和纳机电器件、以及应力传感器等中的应用具有重要意义，还对相关理论的发展有巨大推动作用。本论文发展了对表面上单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs）的原子力显微术（AFM）可控操纵方法，基于此AFM可控操纵，研究了CNTs在弯曲形变下的屈曲行为，以及SWNTs在扭转和拉伸两种形变下的共振Raman光谱特征。主要成果包括：

1.发展了对表面上SWNT的AFM可控操纵方法；

通过对操纵过程中针尖运动路径的合理设置、SWNT上操纵位置和针尖下压距离的选择，可以向SWNT中引入各种类型的应力。SWNT中产生的应力由其和基底间的相互作用力保持。发展了基于Si的AFM氧化的SWNT纳米焊接术，以增加AFM操纵的可控性。当对表面有SWNT的基底Si进行AFM氧化时，新生成的SiOx会对SWNT进行包覆，从而可以将SWNT在氧化点有

效的固定到基底表面。而且SWNT的存在会对Si基底的AFM氧化有明显的增强作用，相同条件下，表面有SWNT的Si氧化后产生的SiOx，比没有SWNT时更多，这种增强作用有利于对

SWNT的焊接固定。焊接的强度可以通过改变氧化偏压、针尖运动速率（氧化时间）等进行调节，提高氧化偏压、降低针尖移动速率有利于增强纳米焊接的强度。空气中热氧化实验和拉曼光谱的表征均证明，此焊接过程对SWNT的化学结构无明显影响。在某些点对SWNT进行焊接固定后，AFM操纵引入的形变的大小和分布可以被有效地控制，从而大大增加AFM操纵的可控性。

采用更强的AFM氧化条件，可以实现SWNT和Si的同时氧化，从而可以在任意位点对SWNT进行切割。结合AFM纳米切割、焊接和操纵等操作，可以构筑各种复杂形状的SWNTs，体现

了AFM作为纳米工具箱的作用。

2.研究了CNTs在弯曲形变下的屈曲行为；

通过选择合适的操纵位点、被操纵的CNT片段长度、操纵路径并优化针尖下压距离，可以严格控制弯曲CNT的角度，这样通过AFM操纵对同一CNT的可控弯曲，获得了一系列弯曲角度逐渐增大的CNT。CNT被操纵以后，与基底相互作用力会有明显减小，这使得CNT的有效弯曲区域，位于与基底只有vdW相互作用的被操纵部分，在AFM表征下表现为固定部分和被操纵部分的交点。有效弯曲部分与基底间仅有vdW相互作用，其长度在整个弯曲过程中几乎保持不变。

通过记录弯曲“点”在弯曲角度逐渐增大过程中的高度变化，研究了CNTs在弯曲形变下的结构演化和屈曲行为。发现不同CNTs在弯曲过程中，表现出“突变”和“渐变”两种屈曲模式，分别对应于弯曲“点”高度的突跃、均匀弯曲向屈曲结构的直接转化，和弯曲“点”高度的逐渐增大、均匀弯曲向屈曲结构的逐渐转化。“渐变”屈曲导致一系列屈曲过渡态的出现。“突变”多发生于小直径管，而“渐变”更常见于大直径管。通过对CNTs的层数和厚度等的估算，发现一般情况下，“渐变”屈曲模式的CNTs比“突变”模式的CNTs具有更大的厚度直径比。对“突变”屈曲模式的CNTs，临界屈曲角度随CNTs直径的增大而减小。

分子动力学模拟发现，（1）所研究的CNTs中，SWNTs均为“突变”屈曲模式，而双壁和三壁管均采取“渐变”屈曲模式；（2）“渐变”屈曲过程对应弯曲角度逐渐增大时，多壁管从最外层到最内层的逐渐屈曲，和各管层屈曲程度的逐渐增加，这是由其多层结构导致的各层壁屈曲行为的不同步，和管壁间vdW相互作用对屈曲的阻碍造成的，这说明MWNTs的多层结构是导致其“渐变”屈曲的主要原因；（3）基底的vdW相互作用对CNTs的屈曲行为没有明显影响。从导致两种屈曲模式的机理考虑，除直径外，CNTs的层数对其屈曲行为也有重要影响，这预示了在CNTs的力学性质中，存在不同于传统尺寸效应的双尺寸效应，即直径和层数共同决定CNTs力学行为。

本工作利用AFM可控操纵，在实验上几乎全程观察了CNTs在弯曲过程中的结构演化和屈曲形成过程，其所揭示的两种屈曲模式的形成规律，不仅对大量存在的CNTs形变的理论工作提供了支持和参考，一定程度上填补了实验上的空白，还对CNTs在复合材料、纳电子和纳机电器件、以及应力传感器等中的应用具有重要意义，

3.研究了扭转和拉伸形变下单根SWNTs的共振Raman光谱行为；

AFM操纵可以向超长SWNT中同时引入扭转和拉伸应力，由于拉伸形变比扭转形变的传输距离更远，在操纵点附近扭转和拉伸两种形变同时存在，距离操纵点较远的区域，只有纯拉

伸形变存在。扭转形变的产生证明了SWNT在AFM操纵下滚动的发生。

扭转和拉伸形变都会导致SWNTs拉曼模振动频率的变化。研究发现：（1）扭转形变下，RBM变大，位于～1600 cm-1的G+(E2(g))模振动频率发生较大的红移，而其他在1590 cm-1～1560

cm-1范围内的大部分G模会发生轻微的蓝移，振动频率发生红移的G模的位移量，一般远远大于发生蓝移的G模的位移量；（2）拉伸形变下，RBM和G+(E2(g))模振动频率不变，而在1590 cm-1～

1560 cm-1范围内的大部分G模会发生明显的红移。（3）不同Raman活性模对形变的敏感度不同，扭转形变下，RBM、位于～1600 cm-1的G+( E2(g))模比其他G模更敏感，而在拉伸形变下，

其他G模却具有更高的敏感度。这与形变导致的发生变化的C-C键是否与各模的原子位移模式相关联有关；（4）通过对SWNTs中形变量大小和Raman频率对形变变化率d/d地计算，发现RBM振动频率对扭转形变的变化率d(RBM)/dt，随SWNTs手性角的增大几乎线性增大。

某些SWNTs中，扭转形变导致的对称性破缺还会导致Raman模的分裂或新模的出现。按照预测，这种分裂或新模的出现最可能发生在锯齿形和椅形SWNTs中。扭转和拉伸形变都会导致SWNTs共振拉曼振动模强度的变化，这体现了形变对SWNTs电子跃迁能Eii的影响。根据

共振拉曼理论和RBM峰的IAS/IS，可以计算扭转和拉伸形变对Eii影响的方向和大小。

应力对SWNTs共振Raman光谱的影响一直是人们关注的重要问题，本工作首次在实验上研究了扭转形变下SWNTs共振Raman振动频率和强度的变化。利用AFM操纵在单根SWNTs水平上的研究，可以排除不同直径和手性带来的平均效应，从而有利于揭示SWNTs的本征性质。对拉伸和扭转形变在同根SWNT中的比较，也为理解不同应力对SWNTs拉曼影响的不同提供了有利条件。

4.AFM操纵引入的应力沿SWNT管轴分布的分析和调控，及SWNTs相关力学性质的比较；分析了超长SWNT中，AFM操纵引入的应力的传输和分布，由于SWNT与基底间摩擦力的存在和AFM操纵后应力的部分驰豫，扭转和拉伸应力沿SWNT管轴都呈“”形分布，应力分布的各特征量，如应力的最远传输距离、最大应力点的位置和最大应力值、应力线性分布的斜率等，决定于AFM针尖施加到SWNT的力的大小、SWNT的剪切模量或弹性模量、以及SWNT与基底间摩擦力的大小；通过控制AFM操纵和采用图案化基底，对SWNT中应力的大小及分布进行了调控；通过比较不同SWNTs的应力分布特征量，在单根SWNT水平上，研究比较了它们的各力学参量，如剪切模量、杨氏模量，以及与基底间摩擦力的相对大小。各力学参量对SWNTs的直径无单调关系，说明了SWNTs手性对力学性质的影响。

关键词：单壁碳纳米管，AFM操纵与加工，形变，屈曲，共振拉曼光谱

AFM Manipulation, Deformation and Related Raman Spectroscopy of

Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Duan Xiaojie

ABSTRACT

The study on deformed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), including the study of their structure evolution and properties change under strain, is important not only for the application of CNTs in composite materials, strain sensors, nanoelectronic and nanoelectromechanical devices, but also for the development of related theory.In this thesis, we have developed controlled atomic force microscopy (AFM) manipulation techniques for single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on surfaces.Using this controlled AFM manipulation, the buckling behavior of CNTs under bending, and resonance Raman spectroscopy of SWNTs under torsional and uniaxial strains, have been studied.The main results are listed as followings:

1.Controlled AFM manipulation techniques for SWNTs on surfaces have been developed By defining proper tip path, manipulation position on SWNT, and choosing optimal tip preing distance, different kinds of deformation can be induced into SWNT.The deformation is stabilized by the interaction between SWNTs and substrate.

To get controlled AFM manipulation, a new kind of nanofabrication---nano-welding has been invented based on the AFM oxidation of Si substrate.When the Si substrate with SWNT on top of it is oxidized by the AFM tip, the newly formed SiOx will grow around the tube, effectively fixing that site of SWNT onto the Si substrate.The existence of SWNT can enhance the oxidation of Si.With same oxidation condition, more SiOx can be produced with the presence of SWNT than the case where there is no SWNT.This is helpful for the fixing.The intensity of the welding can be modulated by changing the oxidation voltage and the tip moving speed.With higher voltage and slower tip moving, stronger welding can be obtained.From the thermal oxidation of SWNTs in air and the Raman characterization, it was found that this nano-welding has no obvious influence on the chemical structure of SWNTs.Together with this nano-welding, the magnitude and distribution of strain induced into SWNT by AFM manipulation can be well controlled.

Both SWNT and Si can be oxidized when using stronger oxidation condition (much higher voltage and lower tip moving speed), thus the SWNT can be cut at well defined position.Combining this AFM cutting, nano-welding and manipulation, complex SWNT-based structures can be constructed, proved the function of AFM as a nano-toolbox.

2.The buckling behavior of CNTs under bending has been studied

By choosing proper manipulation site on SWNT, the length of the fragment which is being manipulated, manipulation path, and optimal tip preing distance, the angle can be well controlled when SWNT is bent by AFM manipulation.Based on this controlled bent of CNT by AFM manipulation, A CNT with a series of different bending angles has been obtained.The interaction between manipulated SWNT fragment and substrate is largely decreased after the manipulation.And the effective bending region is located at the fragment where Only vdW interaction exists between it and the substrate.It appears as the cro point between the fixed SWNT part and

manipulated SWNT part in the AFM image.Only vdW force exists between the effective bending region and substrate, and its length keeps constant when changing the bending angle.

Through recording the height change at the effective bending region when changing the bending angle gradually, The structural evolution and buckling behavior has been investigated under the bending.Two distinct „abrupt‟ and „gradual‟ buckling modes have been revealed in different CNTs.For the „abrupt‟ buckling mode, the height of the bending „point‟ has a sudden increase, and an abrupt transition from the uniform bending to buckling happens.While the „gradual‟ mode corresponds to a gradual increase of the height at the bending „point‟, with a gradual transition from uniform bending to buckling.The „gradual‟ buckling results in a series of buckling intermediate formation.„Abrupt‟ buckling mode is mostly found for small diameter CNTs, while for large diameter CNTs, the „gradual‟ mode is more common.Through the estimation of the wall numbers and thickne of CNTs, it was found that the CNTs with „abrupt‟ buckling mode has smaller thickne diameter ratio than the CNTs with „gradual‟ buckling mode.The critical buckling angle decreases with the increase of CNT diameter for the „abrupt‟ buckling mode.

The buckling behavior has also been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.It was found: (1) for all the CNTs studied, the SWNTs have “abrupt” buckling mode, and double and three walled CNTs take “gradual” buckling modes; (2)the “gradual” buckling corresponded to the proce that different tube walls of MWNTs buckled at different bending stages, and the buckling degree of individual tube walls gradually increased along with the bending strain increase.This is caused by the unsynchronization of the buckling for different walls caused by the multi-shell character, and the retarding of buckling by the inter-wall vdW force.The study on the formation of the two buckling modes found that the multi-shell structure of MWNTs accounts for the “gradual” buckling modes; (3) The MD studies also proved that the vdW interaction with substrate has no remarkable effect on CNTs buckling behavior.The study on the buckling mechanism suggests that except for the diameter, the wall number also determines the buckling behavior.This means for the mechanical properties of CNTs, a special “dual-size” effect may exists, that is, both the size and the thickne determine the CNTs mechanical behavior.

By using controlled AFM manipulation, the work here observed the structural evolution and buckling formation almost in the whole bending proce.The founding about the two buckling modes, not only provides support and reference for the relevant theoretical study, fills the gap between theory and experiment, but also is important for the application of CNTs in composite materials, nanoelectronics and NEMs, and strain sensors.

3.The resonance Raman spectroscopy of individual SWNTs under torsional and uniaxial

strain has been investigated

The AFM manipulation can induce both torsional and uniaxial strains into the ultra-long straight SWNTs.Because the longer propagation distance of uniaxial strain than the torsional strain, only pure uniaxial strain exists at region far from the manipulation point.While at region close to the manipulation sites, both the two strains happen.The formation of torsional strain suggested the rolling of SWNT under the present AFM manipulation.

Both uniaxial and torsional strain can change the Raman vibrational frequency.It was found that:

(1) the RBM and G-band spectra responded differently to the two types of strains.Under torsional strain, RBM frequency RBM was found to upshift and one of the modes aigned to E2 symmetry in the G+ band, which occurs at ~1600 cm-1( G+(E2(g))), downshifted significantly, whereas the rest G

modes located in the range of 1590 cm-1～1560 cm-1 are slightly upshifted.The redshift of the (G+(E2(g)), ismuch larger that the buleshift of other G modes; (2) Under uniaxial strain, RBM and G+(E2(g)) do not have noticeable response and the rest of the G modes in the range of 1590 cm-1～1560 cm-1 are downshifted.(3) Different Raman modes have different sensitivity to both strains.RBM and G+(E2(g)) is more sensitive to torsion than other G modes.Whereas under uniaxial strain, other G modes have larger sensitivity than RBM and G+(E2(g)).This is related to the correlation between the C-C bond change and the atom vibrational displacement of different modes; (4) The

calculation on the strain magnitude and frequency shift of Raman modes per strains d/d found that, under torsional strain, d(RBM)/dt nearly linearly increased along with the increase of the tube chirality angle.

G-band was found to split into multiple sub-bands in some cases, presumably due to broken symmetry induced by torsion.This splitting is most likely found in zig-zag and armchair SWNTs.Both the uniaxial and torsional strains can change the intensity of resonant Raman peaks.This is originated from the influence of strains on electronic tranision energy Eii.From this change, the

modulation direction and magnitude of strains on the electronic transition energy of SWNTs can be calculated.

The influence of strain on the resonant Raman spectra of SWNTs has drawn much attention recently.The work here firstly experimentally studied the torsional strain effect on resonant Raman spectra of SWNTs.And the study in the single SWNT scale by AFM manipulation can exclude the average effect originated from different diameter and chiraligy.This helps to reveal the intrinsic property of SWNts.The comparison of uniaxial and torsional strain for same SWNT, also benefit the understanding of the influence of different strains on SWNTs.

4.The analysis and modulation of strain distribution along SWNTs axis, and the comparison

of related mechanical parameters of different SWNTs

It was found that after AFM manipulation, both the torsional and uniaxial strain would have a “” shaped distribution along the SWNT axis, due to the friction between SWNTs and the substrate, and the partial relaxation of strain.The characteristics of the distribution, including the propagation distance of strain, the maximum strain and its position, and the slope of the strain distribution, are determined by the force exerted on SWNT by AFM tip, the elasticity modulus E and the shear modulus G, and the friction between SWNT and surface.By controlling the AFM manipulation and using patterned substrate with different components, the magnitude and distribution of strain in SWNT has been modulated.With the comparison of strain distribution in different SWNTs, their mechanical properties, such as E and G, and the friction with the substrate have been compared, on the single SWNTs scale.It was found that there is no monomial relationship between these parameters and the SWNTs diameter, this suggests that the chirality of SWNTs also has important effect on SWNTs mechanical properties.

Key words:Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs), AFM manipulation and fabrication, deformation (strain), buckling, resonance Raman spectroscopy

第11篇：辞职信_中英文

辞职申请书

尊敬的领导：

由于我的一些个人原因，经过一段时间的慎重考虑后，我决定向公司提出辞职。

在短短一年的时间里，公司给予了我多次机会，使我在这个工作岗位上积累了一定的技术技能和工程经验。我在公司里工作的很开心，感觉公司的气氛就和一个大家庭一样，大家相处的融洽和睦，同时在公司里也学会了许多工作以外的处世为人等做人的道理。所有的这些我很珍惜也很感谢公司，因为这些都为我在将来的工作和生活中带来帮助和方便。 另外，在和各位同事的朝夕相处的时间里，也使我对过去的、现在的同事建立了由浅到深的友谊，我从内心希望这份友谊，这份感情能继续并永久保持下去。

今后，无论我将怎样生活，我都会永远感激公司对我的培养，各级领导和同事给我的支持和帮助。在我困难的时候，犯错的时候给我的帮助和宽容。公司是一棵参天大树，而我，只不过是树上的一片叶子。每当风起时，都有些树叶会掉落，但是，大树总是那么挺拔和伟岸。

离开这个公司，离开这些曾经同甘共苦的同事，很舍不得，舍不得领导们的谆谆教诲，舍不得同事之间的那片真诚和友善。

对于由此为公司造成的不便，我深感抱歉。但同时也希望公司能体恤我的个人实际，批准我的申请。

再次感谢公司，感谢各位领导！真心祝愿公司在今后的发展旅途中步步为赢、蒸蒸日上！

July 11, 2008

Dear Sir,

As some of my personal reasons, after a period of careful consideration, I have decided to resign the company.

In a short span of a year\'s time, the company gave me several opportunities in the job so that I accumulated a certain amount of technical skills and work experience.I work in the company\'s very happy, I feel the atmosphere and on like a big family, we live in harmony in harmony, while I also learned how many people work outside the Life and other life truth.All of these treasure I am also very grateful to the company, as they have for me in the future work and life brought in to help and convenience.In addition, my colleagues and with the overnight period, I of the past, now a colleague from shallow to deep friendship, and I hope that this friendship from the heart, this feeling will continue and permanently maintained.

In future, no matter how I will live, I will be forever grateful to my company\'s culture, leaders at all levels and colleagues gave me the support and help.In my difficult times, you will give me the help and tolerance.Company is a towering tree, and I, is only one leaf of a tree.When the wind is coming, some leaves will fall off, but trees are always so tall and straight.

Leaving the company, leaving those who share weal of my colleagues, I am very reluctant.I don’t reluctant leaders of the teachings and colleagues of the sincere and friendly.

I apologize the inconvenience for company.I hope that company can sympathize with my personal practice, and accept the applications.

Thanks again for the company, thanks all leaders! Sincerely wish the company in the future development step by step in the journey to win and prosperous!

Yours sincerely,

Your Name

1.Such crimes may be so complet that months or years go by before anyone __A__them

A.discovers B.discovered

C.will discover

D.would have discovered 2.By the time you get to New York ,I_ D__for London A.would be leaving B.am leaving C.have already left

D.shall have left 3.It was eential that the application forms__C__back before the deadline.A must be

B would be sent

C be sent

D were sent 4.Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If __B__your advice.

A follow

B had followed

C would follow

D have followed 5.The month didn’t know who__C___for the broken gla.A blamed

B be blemed

C to blame

D would blame 6.The profeor could hardly find sufficient grouds __D__his arguments in faver of the new theory A to be based on

B to base on

C which to base on D on which to base 7.I have no objection __A__your story again A to hear

B to hearing

C to having heared

D to have heared 8.I would appreciate __A __it a secret A you keeping

B you to keep

C that you keep

D that you will keep 9.If I had remembered __A__the window ,the thief would not have got in A to close

B closing

C

to have closed

D having closed 10.Ann never dreams of __A__for her to be sent abroad very soon A there being a change B there to be a chance C there be a change D being a chance 11.Radio ,television and pre __A__of conveying news as information A are the most three common means B…. C are the three most common means D are three the most common means 12.These goods are __A__for export though a few of them may be sold on the home market A eentially

B completely

C necearily D remarkably 13.The rain was heavy and __A__the land was flooded A conseguently

B continuously C constantly D consistenly 14.More of them were __B__inventors than scientists A le B more

C worse

第12篇：中英文辞职信

to: robert smith, sales manager from: bob fu, sales development date: may 6, 2001 subject: terminating engagment mr.smith, i have worked in the sales development as a salesman for six years, and i have been satisfied with this position. 8th february , 2002 dear mr.wong, re: resignation from the post of settlement clerk because i would like to take a new challenge and i want to meet people from all walks of life, i have accepted an offer from an insurance firm as a personal financial consultant.i would therefore appreciate it if you would accept my resignation effective from 8 march, 2002. i would be very much obliged if you would kindly give me a reference letter before i leave.thank you for all that you have done to make my work here both interesting and enjoyable. yours sincerely, alexander fung篇2：中英文辞职信范本(全) 辞职函

xxxxx有限公司总经理室：

各位领导，我带着复杂的心情写这封次致信。由于您对我的能力的信任，使我得以

加入公司，并且在短短的两年间获得了许多的机遇和挑战。经过这两年在公司从事的 xx开发和xx管理工作，使我在xx开发，xx管理等领域学到了很多知识、积累了一定 的经验。对此我深怀感激！

由于薪金的原因，我不得不向公司提出申请，并希望能与今年x月xx日正式离职。

对于由此为公司造成的不便，我深感抱歉。但同时也希望公司能体恤我的个人实际，

对我的申请予以考虑并批准为盼。

此致

敬礼

申请人：

年月日

再来：

－－－－－－－－－－－－－

亲爱的××领导：

我可能会在×月份某个你觉得方便的时候离开公司。

自从××××年入职以来，我一直都很享受这份工作。转眼快×年过去了，我要重

新确定我未来的方向。诚然，论工作环境、团队、压力，甚至个人喜好，我都很满意。

但，因为某些个人的理由

，我最终选择了开始新的工作。希望你能早日业胶鲜实娜耸纸犹嫖业墓ぷ鳌? 当然，若你容许的话，我愿意，并且渴望在工余时间，为我们这个团队继续出力，

最后，我也不知道可以说什么，只能忠心对你说对不起与谢谢你，并祝愿您和大家能开

创出更美好的未来。

×× 敬上 it is with both regret and anticipation that i submit this letter of resignation, to resign from the position of 职位 effective february xx, 2004.i have decided to take this time to evaluate my current goals and investigate new opportunities. it has been my genuine pleasure to work for edward keller and 公司名group during these last xx years. thank you for allowing me to 公司名. yours sincerely 辞 职 报 告

从2002年初至今，进入公司工作两年的时间里，得到了公司各位同事的多方帮助，

我非常感谢公司各位同事。

在过去的两年里，我在公司里工作的很开心，感觉公司的气氛就和一个大家庭一样， 大家相处的融洽和睦，同时在公司里也学会了如何与同事相处，如何与客户建立良好关

系等方面的东西。并在公司的过去两年里，利用公司给予良好学习时间，学习了一些新

的东西来充实了自己，并增加自己的一些知识和实践经验。我对于公司两年多的照顾表

示真心的感谢！！

在经过2003年下半年的时间里，公司给予了很好的机会，让自己学习做市场方面 的运做，但由于自己缺乏市场等方面的经验，自己没有能很好的为公司做好新的市场开

发，自己身感有愧公司的两年的培养。

由于我个人感觉，我在过去的一段时间里的表现不能让自己感觉满意，感觉有些愧

对公司这两年的照顾，自己也感觉自己在过去两年没有给公司做过点贡献，也由于自己

感觉自己的能力还差的很多，在公司的各方面需求上自己能力不够。所以，经过自己慎

重考虑，为了自己和公司考虑，自己现向公司提出辞职，望公司给予批准。

签名：

年月日

辞职书范文真诚版、简易版

辞职书范文一(真诚版) 尊敬的z主任：

您好！

工作近四年来，发现自己在工作、生活中，所学知识还有很多欠缺，已经不能适应

社会发展的需要，因此渴望回到校园，继续深造。经过慎重考虑之后，特此提出申请：

我自愿申请辞去在xxx的一切职务，敬请批准。

在xxx近四年的时间里，我有幸得到了单位历届领导及同事们的倾心指导及热情 帮助。工作上，我学到了许多宝贵的科研经验和实践技能，对科研工作有了大致的了解。

生活上，得到各级领导与同事们的关照与帮助；思想上，得到领导与同事们的指导与帮

助，有了更成熟与深刻的人生观。这近四年多的工作经验将是我今后学习工作中的第一

笔宝贵的财富。

在这里，特别感谢yyy(xxx的上级单位)a主任、b主任、c主任在过去的工作、

生活中给予的大力扶持与帮助。尤其感谢xxxz主任在xxx近二年来的关照、指导以

及对我的信任和在人生道路上对我的指引。感谢所有给予过我帮助的同事们。

望领导批准我的申请，并请协助办理相关离职手续，在正式离开之前我将认真继续

做好目前的每一项工作。

祝您身体健康，事业顺心。并祝yyy、xxx事业蓬勃发展。 *** **年**月**日

辞职书（公司职员）范文二

尊敬的主管、副理：

您好！

在公司工作一年中，学到了很多知识，公司的营业状态也是一直表现良好态势。非常感激公司给予了我这样的机会在良好的环境工作和学习。虽然在公司里基础的业务知识及专业知识已经基本掌握，但俗话说“学无止境”，有很多方面还是需不断学习。提出辞职我想了很久，公司的环境对于业务员很照顾很保护（至少对于业务风险来说），鉴于我的个性，要在公司自我提升及成长为独挡一面的能手，处于保护的环境下可能很难。我自己也意识到了自己个性倾于内向，你们也有经常提醒我这一点，其实，这不管是对于公司培育人才或是我自身完善都是突破的难点。

虽然我的观念是：人需要不断的发展、进步、完善。我也一直在努力改变，变得适应环境，以便更好的发挥自己的作用。但是我觉得自己一直没什么突破，考虑了很久，确定了需要变换环境来磨砺。

公司业务部近期人员变动较大，因此交接工作可能需要一个时期。我希望在10/24左右完成工作交接。这个时间也许比较紧，如果实施上有太多困难，我同意适当延迟一周。但是我还是希望副理理解，现临近年底，如果能给予我支配更多的时间来找工作我将感激不尽！

我希望在我提交这份辞程的时候，在未离开岗位之前，是我的工作请主管尽管分配，我一定会尽自己的职，做好应该做的事。另外，希望主管不要挽留我，其实，离开是很舍不得，原因自不用说明。但是既已决定，挽留会让我最终离开的时候更为难。谢谢∽詈螅ｍ镜囊导ㄒ蝗缂韧宦缝≈鞴芗案魑煌使ぷ魉忱?nbsp; 辞职申请书范文三

公司人事部：

我因为要去美国留学，故需辞去现在的工作，请上级领导批准。

公司的企业文化感化了我，我对公司是深有感情的。我留学归来之后，仍愿意回公司就职。

感谢公司领导和同事在工作中对我的关心和支持，并祝公司兴隆。

辞职信模板（推荐）

尊敬的领导：

我很遗憾自己在这个时候向公司正式提出辞职。

来到**公司也快两年了，正是在这里我开始踏上了社会，完成了自己从一个学生到社会人的转变。有过欢笑，有过收获，也有过泪水和痛苦。公司平等的人际关系和开明的工作作风，一度让我有

着找到了依靠的感觉，在这里我能开心的工作，开心的学习。然而工作上的毫无成熟感总让自己彷徨。记得胡总曾说过，工作上如果两年没起色就该往自己身上找原因了。或许这真是对的，由此

我开始了思索，认真的思考。尽管我一思考，上帝便会发笑，但这笑带着一丝苦涩，思考的结果连自己都感到惊讶――或许自己并不适合软件开发这项工作。否定自己让自己很痛苦，然而人总是

要面对现实的，自己的兴趣是什么，自己喜欢什么，自己适合做什么，这一连串的问号一直让我沮丧，也让我萌发了辞职的念头，并且让我确定了这个念头。或许只有重新再跑到社会上去遭遇挫

折，在不断打拼中去寻找属于自己的定位，才是我人生的下一步选择。从小到大一直过得很顺，这曾让我骄傲，如今却让自己深深得痛苦，不能自拔，也许人真的要学会慢慢长大。 我也很清楚这时候向公司辞职于公司于自己都是一个考验，公司正值用人之际，sun ltd.erp 2004项目启动，所有的前续工作在公司上下极力重视下一步步推进。也正是考虑到公司今后在这个项

目安排的合理性，本着对公司负责的态度，为了不让公司因我而造成的决策失误，我郑重向公司提出辞职。我想在项目还未正式启动开始之前，公司在项目安排上能做得更加合理和妥当。长痛不

如短痛，或许这对公司对我都是一种解脱吧。

能为公司效力的日子不多了，我一定会把好自己最后一班岗，做好项目开始前的属于自己的所有工作，尽力让项目做到平衡过渡。

离开这个公司，离开这些曾经同甘共苦的同事，很舍不得，舍不得领导们的譐譐教诲，舍不得同事之间的那片真诚和友善。

也愿公司在今后的工作中发挥优势，扬长避短，祝愿公司兴旺发达！

辞职人：*** 年月日 2008最新英文辞职信模板下载 sample 1 addre city, state zip date addreee addre city, state zip dear as i go to the new position, i’ll do so with the utmost respect for the management examples and philosophies learned here and with gratitude for the personal attention to my career growth. thank you for the rewarding experience i痸e enjoyed during my seven-year aociation with the organization. 最新辞职申请书辞职报告范文

尊敬的徐总及公司领导：

我很遗憾自己在这个时候向公司正式提出辞职。

来到公司大约半年了，公司里的人对我都很好。我衷心感谢徐总以及各位同事对我的照顾与错爱，在这半年里，我学到了很多以前从未接触过的知识，开阔了视野，锻炼了能力。而今，我决定离开，也许这样会好一些。

因为诸多原因，我决定参加2007.1的研究生考试，以为工作两年再去读研是一个好的决定。如果我现在不辞职，我就是在公司里尸位素餐两年，因为在两年时间里，我不可能为公司做多少贡献。我也许能大致经历、学习这个工程建设的某些方面，可这只是对我有好处，只会使我欠公司更多的情。考虑到公司在人员安排上的合理性，本着对公司负责的态度，为了不让公司因我而造成决策的失误，我郑重向公司提出辞职。

因为有想考中山大学的研究生，前几天一位老乡告诉我中大招一名热工的本科生做实验助理。这对我而言是一个很好的机会，学校的氛围肯定更加适合准备考研，我在1.4已经把我的相关资料寄过去了。我希望尽快解除与公司的劳动关系，可以安心地轻轻离开。 也许我该提前一个月给您递呈辞职报告，好在我手头的工作不多，一个星期足以交接干净。我原本打算1.16开始我的二十余天的探亲假，现在我希望所有该处理的事情都在 1.13（周五）前处理妥当。马上就要离开公司了，在这最后的一段时间里，我会做好所有的交接工作，正常上班，静心等待您的答复、处理。

离开这个公司，我满含着愧疚、遗憾。我愧对公司上下对我的期望，愧对各位对我的关心和爱护。遗憾我不能经历工业园的发展与以后的辉煌，不能分享你们的甘苦，不能聆听各位的教诲，也遗憾我什么都没能留下来。我将就这样悄悄地离开，结束我的这第一份工作。

最后，衷心祝愿公司健康成长，事业蒸蒸日上！祝愿各位领导与同事：健康快乐，平安幸福！篇3：英语辞职信

英文辞职信范例 dear mr. please accept my resignation as aociate chemist at the gert institute.i plan to leave my job here on september 30, 19–, taking a few days of annual leave just prior to that effective date. as you know, my primary interest has been in the oil and gas industry.therefore, i’ve accepted a position with fury refining, inc., that should put me back in touch with my “first love.” although i’m eager to accept the challenges in this new position, i regret leaving the institute.you and the organization as a whole have treated me very well over the past three years.i won’t forget the friendship and profeional growth i’ve experienced as an employee here. best wishes to all of you for years of expansion here. sincerely, 英文辞职信范例 :正版格式 memorandum to: from: date: subject: resignation please accept my resignation as aociate chemist at xxx research, inc.; my last day will be august 15, 19–. this decision has been difficult due to the rewarding relationships developed during the past three years.please accept my thanks for your unquestionable support and leadership here at xxx inc.. sincerely, 英语辞职信（中英对照版） dear hr leadership: but i need to resign for personal reasons.in regularization with my salary after the nature of work and measure my ability to work, i feel the salary is not with my expectations.so, i decided to resign. i hope my applications can be approved before june 20, i wish you good health . applicant: jack date: june 22, 2010 尊敬的人力资源部领导：

我很遗憾自己在这个时候向公司正式提出辞职。 我来公司刚好三个月了，也很荣幸自己能够成为医院的一员。在医院工作的三个月中，我学到了很多东西，公司的经营状况也处于良好的态势。非常感激公司给予了我在这样的良好环境中，工作和学习的机会。

但是我因为个人原因需要辞职。在对转正后的薪资与我的工作性质和自己工作能力的衡量后，我觉得与自己的预期不相符合，出于对医院制度的尊重及个人发展的考虑，我决定了辞职。

我希望在2010年7月20日之前完成工作交接，请领导安排工作交接人选。在未离开岗位之前，我一定会站好最后一班岗，我所在岗位的工作请领导尽管分配，我一定会尽自己的职，做好应该做的事。

望领导批准我的申请，并请协助办理相关离职手续。

祝您身体健康，事业顺心。并祝医院以后事业蓬勃发展。

辞职报告 memorandum to from date subject please accept my resignation as aociate chemist at xxx research, inc.; my last day will be august 15, 19–. this decision has been difficult due to the rewarding relationships developed during the past three years.please accept my thanks for your unquestionable support and leadership here at xxx inc..篇4：英文辞职信范文大全

英文辞职信范文大全 辞职信例文sample 1 addre city, state zip date addreee addre city, state zip dear the decision was a difficult one for me because i have so enjoyed my working relationships here.the job description has given me great latitude in as i go to the new position, ill do so with the utmost respect for the management examples and philosophies learned here and with gratitude for the personal attention to my career growth. thank you for the rewarding experience ive enjoyed during my seven-year aociation with the organization. sincerely, 英文辞职信范文 sample 2 dear mr. please accept my resignation as aociate chemist at the gert institute.i plan to leave my job here on september 30, 19–, taking a few days of annual leave just prior to that effective date. as you know, my primary interest has been in the oil and gas industry.therefore, ive accepted a position with fury refining, inc., that should put me back in touch with my first love. although im eager to accept the challenges in this new position, i regret leaving the institute.you and the organization as a whole have treated me very well over the past three years.i wont forget the friendship and profeional growth ive experienced as an employee here. best wishes to all of you for years of expansion here. 英文辞职信范例sample 3 dear i look back on the experience gained and the friends made with much regard.my aociation with hhh has been a valued part of my life. sincerely, 英文辞职信范例 sample 4 dear i am offering my resignation as operations manager of the xxx plant, effective may 15.as of now, im not quite sure where ill be looking for employment and am toying with the idea of turning one of my life-long hobbies into a profit-making enterprise. sincerely, 简明英文辞职信例文sample 5 memorandum to: from: date: subject: resignation please accept my resignation as aociate chemist at xxx research, inc.; my last day will be august 15, 19–. this decision has been difficult due to the rewarding relationships developed during the past three years.please accept my thanks for your unquestionable support and leadership here at xxx inc..篇5：中英文辞职信范文

中英文辞职信范文

中文辞职信范本

亲爱的（上司名字）：

本人已决定辞去现时（职位名称）的职位，并由x月x日（最后一个工作天的第二天）起开始正式生效。

在此，感谢（公司名称）给予本人学习的机会，并取得宝贵的工作经验。希望本人的离职不会为你带来很大的不便。

本人希望在离职之前，能够取得离职通知书。

祝工作愉快！ (你的名字) 日期

英文辞职信范本 (your addre) 3rd november xx (the name of your bo) dear (the name of your bo), i regret to inform you that i decided to resign from my present position as (position) with effective from (next day of last date). thank you for giving me a chance to learn and to gain the thank you for your kind attention and would appreciate if you could let me have a reference letter before i leave. yours faithfully, (your full name) 辞职信写作贴士

如果决定离职的话，除了口头上向上司请辞外，呈上一封辞职信是不应缺少的步骤。

辞职信内容

离职日期、辞去的工作职位。

简述辞职原因。(可提可不提) 向公司、上司及同事表示谢意。 要求撰写离职证明书(reference letter)。

用词友善

无论是你决定不干，还是被要求自动辞职，撰写辞职信时，措词切记要适当、友善，千万不要把辞职信当作发泄的工具，用词恶劣或猛数公司、老板的不是。原因有三∶

你的未来老板随时会要求你的前任老板提供关於你在职时的资料，作为聘用与否的参考。因此，别自毁长城，让一封简单的辞职信破坏你的大好前途。

正所谓“今日留一线，他朝好相见”，如果你转职后还是留在同一行业内，日后在工作上或会有碰面的机会，到时便好不尴尬。

另外，谁又能保证自己与旧公司/上司他朝不会山水有相逢，再有合作的机会呢？所以千万别让他们留下不良的印象。

第13篇：中英文辞职信

中英文辞职信模板

xx february , 20xx

dear mr.wong,

re: resignation from the post of settlement clerk

i would like to let you know how much i have enjoyed my last three years at the hero company.hero company is an invaluable place for enriching my knowledge about financial field, i enjoyed working with my colleagues and i have learned so much things here.

because i would like to take a new challenge and i want to meet people from all walks of life, i have accepted an offer from an insurance firm as a personal financial consultant.i would therefore appreciate it if you would accept my resignation effective from 8 march, XX.

i would be very much obliged if you would kindly give me a reference letter before i leave.thank you for all that you have done to make my work here both interesting and enjoyable.

yours sincerely,

alexander fung

中文辞职信范例

亲爱的(上司名字)∶

本人已决定辞去现时(职位名称)的职位，并由x月x日(最后一个工作天的第二天)起开始正式生效。

在此，感谢(公司名称)给予本人学习的机会，并取得宝贵的工作经验。希望本人的离职不会为你带来很大的不便。

本人希望在离职之前，能够取得离职通知书。

祝工作愉快!

(你的名字)谨启

日期

英文辞职信范例

(your addre)

3rd november 200x

(the name of your bo)

(company name and section work with)

(companys addre)

dear (the name of your bo),

i regret to inform you that i decided to resign from my present position as (position) with effective from (next day of last date).

thank you for giving me a chance to learn and to gain the valuable experience in (company name and section work with).i hope my resignation would not cause you much inconvenience.

thank you for your kind attention and would appreciate if you could let me have a reference letter before i leave.

yours faithfully,

(your full name)

辞职信写作贴士

如果决定离职的话，除了口头上向上司请辞外，呈上一封辞职信是不应缺少的步骤。

辞职信内容

离职日期、辞去的工作职位。

简述辞职原因。(可提可不提)

向公司、上司及同事表示谢意。

要求撰写离职证明书(reference letter)。

用词友善

无论是你决定不干，还是被要求自动辞职，撰写辞职信时，措词切记要适当、友善，千万不要把辞职信当作发泄的工具，用词恶劣或猛数公司、老板的不是。

原因有三∶

- 你的未来老板随时会要求你的前任老板提供关於你在职时的资料，作为聘用与否的参考。因此，别自毁长城，让一封辞职信破坏你的大好前途。

- 正所谓「今日留一线，他朝好相见」，如果你转职后还是留在同一行业内，日后在工作上或会有碰面的机会，到时便好不尴尬。

- 另外，谁又能保证自己与旧公司/上司他朝不会山水有相逢，再有合作的机会呢?所以千万别让他们留下不良的印象。

第14篇：中英文简历

XXX

男 | 1900 年1月生 | 户口：江苏苏州 | 现居住于上海松江 4年工作经验 | 无党派人士 | 身份证： 3000000000000000X

上海松江出口加工区三庄路68号 201613

10000000000(手机) E-mail: kins.xx@ruu.com

求职意向

期望工作性质：全职

期望从事职业：人力资源、高级管理

期望工作地区：XXX 目前状况：我目前在职，正考虑换个新环境（如有合适的工作机会，到岗时间一个月左右）

自我评价

具备大学本科学历

具备人事招聘四年以上工作经验 具备优秀的人际沟通技巧 具有明确的职业发展规划

为人诚实，个性成熟并能自我激励 具备良好的计算机运用技巧 具备良好的书面及口头英文能力 熟悉国家及上海市劳动法律法规

工作经历

2010.7-至今

中新苏州和乔物业服务有限公司（1500人） 人力资源部 |人事副经理（招聘）

公司背景：苏州和乔物业服务有限公司是具有一级物业管理资质的中外合资专业物业管理公司，于2002年6月20日开始运作，由中新苏州工业园区置地有限公司和英属维京群岛安可投资股份有限公司合资组建。和乔在2004年8月顺利通过了英国BSI公司(British Standards Institution)对和乔的ISO9001质量管理体系、ISO14001环境管理体系、OHSAS18001职业健康安全管理体系的认证。目前拥有员工1500人。 主要工作：人员招聘与配置 新人培训

任职期间：主要参与了两个住宅项目（青湖语城、菁英公寓）和两个商务楼盘项目（星东环大厦、档案馆大厦）的人员招聘工作。工种涉及项目经理、项目主管、维修主管、维修领班、客服经理、客服领班、客服、前台、维修、保安、空调工、管钳工、高压电工、低压电工、物业管理员、区域经理、工程整改员、水电工，三行工、万能工、财务、人事、保洁、绿化等，招聘渠道主要运用了人才市场、人才网站、员工推荐、橱窗小广告。同时主持公司的入职培训，负责讲授公司企业文化礼仪与制度。 2005/09 – 2010/07：广达股份-达丰电脑（上海)有限公司 | 人才资源处人力管理课 | 资深招聘专员 加工制造 | 外商独资 | 规模:10000人以上

公司背景: 广达上海制造城QSMC（Quanta Shanghai Manufacturing City）创建于2001年3月，位于上海松江出口加工区，包括达丰电脑、达功电脑、达伟物流、达利电脑、达人电脑、达群电脑和松业物业等7家公司，主要生产笔记本电脑。在短短8年时间里，QSMC迅速发展壮大，公司规模由200多人发展到40000多人，出口创汇额由2001年的1.7亿美金增长到2008年的250亿美元。2006年，广达电脑迈上新的里程碑，荣登美国《财富》(Fortune)杂志世界五百强企业排行榜，2008年排行上升至第344位。 主要工作：

（一） 人力招聘

1、组织架构图编制与修订；部门架构设置与调整

2、职位设置；职位说明书编制与职缺需求统计

3、直接人员需求与间接人员需求统计与分析

4、年度/季度/月度/周人力需求计划实施与调整

5、简历筛选，面试预约，主持面谈，协调复试

6、员工报道与合约签订

7、新进人力统计与调配

8、招聘费用分摊与招聘效果评估

9、背景资信调查

10、招聘渠道维护与拓展 a、合作院校关系维护 b、派遣公司关系维护 c、猎头公司关系维护 d、人才市场关系维护 e、网站招聘市场关系维护 f、公司内部推荐活动推展

（二） 离职办理

1、离职申请与离职访

2、离职手续办理

3、离职人数统计

4、离职原因分析

5、离职改善与建议 参加的大型外出招募活动：

达丰2005陕西省合作院校OP招募 录用780人

达丰2005四川省合作院校OP招募 录用856人 达丰2005湖南省合作院校OP招募 录用958人 达丰2006西安春季高校招募 录用89人 达丰2006武汉春季高校招募 录用78人

达丰2006东莞9月专场招募 录用120人

2003/04 -- 2005/05：荣成纸业(苏州)有限公司 | 招聘专员 加工制造 | 合资 | 规模:100-499人 | 2001-4000元/月 公司背景：

荣成纸业1978年六月在台湾成立，多年来专业产制各种纸类及民生必需品，1985年股票上市，迄2002年资本额已达新台币51.15亿元。1996年开始中国大陆投资。1998年推动专注化策略，并启动企业改造计划，不再生产需要木浆的产品，并於2002年8月正式完成，成为资源回收专业再生制造厂，目前主要产品为工业用纸类，纸器类，及能源环保类相关产品。

苏州荣成纸业有限公司是台湾台湾荣成纸业在苏州的子公司，位于苏州相城经济开发区康元路888号，拥有员工258人，是一座专业的纸器制造公司。 主要工作：

1、招聘需求统计，海报制作，信息发布，展位布置与行程安排

2、预约面试，测试与面谈；复试

3、录用通知及薪资核定

4、新人报道及入职引导

5、招聘费用统计与分摊

6、招聘效果评估

7、离职办理与访谈

8、离职分析与统计

9、其他人事事务

教育经历

1999/09 -- 2003/06：河北工程大学 | 工商管理（人力资源方向） | 本科

培训经历 2004/07 -- 2004/07：荣成股份(苏州)有限公司 培训课程：“四天三夜”成功营

培训描述：企业文化 文明礼仪 电话技巧 工厂流程 企业愿景 人生使命 光荣成功 2004/06 -- 2004/06：东吴管理咨询服务有限公司 培训课程：iso2000：9001质量管理体系内审员认证培训 培训描述： iso2000：9001质量管理体系系统知识 内审员资格证书

证书

2002/11：全国计算机等级三级B

2000/06：全国计算机等级二级 c 语言编程 2000/03：大学英语四级

语言能力

英语：读写能力熟练 | 听说能力良好

语言&技能

语言名称：英语 语言水平：中级水平证书名称：CET-4 获得时间：2000-03-01 证书名称：网络技术国家3级 获得时间：2002-11-01 获奖情况

1997年“香港回归演讲比赛”获得三等奖

1999-2000，获得院二等奖学金，被授予“院三好学生”

2000-2001，获得院三等奖学金，被评为“优秀团员”参加河北建筑科技学院第十四次团代会

参加学院下乡扶贫助困活动 被评为河北建筑科技学院“社会实践优秀个人” 2001-2002，获得院二等奖学金，被授予“院三好学生”

2003年 毕业设计论文《外资企业人事管理制度设计》获得河北省优秀毕业设计论文

Male | Born in 1979/1 | HUKOU: JiangSu SuZhou | Location SHANGHAI Wang XXX

4Years' Experience | No Party | Personal ID Card: 300000000000000X

No.68 Sanzhuang Rd.SongJiang EPZ.Shanghai 201613

100000000000(Mobile) E-mail: kins.xx@ruuu.com

Self-aement College degree

Over 8 years of working experience in HR area Strong communication and interpersonal skills Positive career development plans Honesty, mature and self-motivated Good computer skills at MS office Good written and spoken English Work Experience 2005/09 – 2010/07: Tech-Front（shanghai）computer limited company | Recruiting Specialist Proceing & Manufacturing | WOFE | Company Size: More than 40000 Major responsibilities: (一) recruiting work iues

1、build organizational chart and revise in time according to renewing budget

2、design new job specifications and update job dictionary

3、collect new vacation position demand including direct and indirect manpower

4、implement annual/seasonal/monthly/weekly recruiting plans

5、search and select resumes, arrange schedule and host interview with other supervisors

6、deal with new employee reporting iues and contract with them

7、new manpower statistic and re-allocation

8、recruiting cost allocation and recruiting effect evaluation

9、recruiting tunnels develop, expand and maintain including college, headhunt company, the third party company, labor marketing service centre, career network company)

10、manage inner referral activities (二) leaving work iues

1、control the application of leaving work and conduct the interview with leaving workers

2、maintain the file of leaving worker

3、make statistics for leaving worker

4、analyze the leaving data and claify the reasons

5、make improvement or suggestions for supervisor

2003/04-- 2005/05 RongCheng Paper (SuZhou) Co., Ltd HR Dept.Recruiting Specialist/Aistant

Proceing & Manufacturing | JV | Company Size: 100-499 | 2001-4000RMB/Month Major responsibilities:

1、collect and check recruiting demands

2、make job advertisement

3、maintain and update corporate career site

4、post job vacation to third party board

5、candidate search and data mining

6、prescreening questionnaires

7、testing and aement

8、interview management

9、candidate relationship management

10、employee referral program management

11、integration with third party services（background，reference）

12、recruiting cost control and analysis

13、reporting, metrics and analytics

14、deal with leaving work iues

Education Background 1999/09 -- 2003/06: HeBei University of Engineering Industry and Busine Management Bachelor degree

Training 2004/07 -- 2004/07: The training department of RongCheng Paper (SuZhou) Corporation Training Course: Succe Camp of 4 days and 3 nights Training Location: SuZhou

Description in Details: Company ideas and career plans; company culture and behavior rules: Products manufacture procedures and environmental protection; company perspective 2004/06 -- 2004/06：DongWu Management Consulting Service Company Training Course: Internal Auditor of ISO9001:2000 Quality Control System (3 days) Training Location: Su Zhou Description in Details: ISO9001:2000 Quality Control System Basic Knowledge Certificates 2002/11 Nationwide Computer Level Test Band 3B 2000/06 Nationwide Computer Level Test Band 2 (C-language making program) 2000/03 CET4 Language Skills and Computer skills English: Reading and writing：Proficient

listening and speaking：Good Computer: Be good at MS office tools (such as Excel, word, PPT) and E-HR system

第15篇：中英文简历

朱静 出生年月： 专业： 民族： 电话： 地址： 教育背景 2011.9-至今实习经历 2014.3-2014.5

2013.7-2013.8

2013.3-2014.12012.7-2012.8校园活动 2011.9-2013.9 2012.9-2013.6 2013.3-2013.11 2013.3-2014.3 项目经验 2013.3-2014.1 技能荣誉

自我评价

1992年5月 政治面貌： 共青团员 财务管理 学历： 本科汉族 籍贯：电子邮箱：********@163.com邮编：学院主修课程：有限公司部实习生负责********以及其他基础的工作******贸易有限公司 实习生负债*******等一些基础工作 ******* 财务部主要负责******* ****** ********部助理 **********等工作。******志愿者行在人间--“****”志愿者 ************学生团队负责人 校团委办公室干事国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目 组长大学英语六级（CET 6）会计从业资格证证券从业资格证ERP 工程师用友软件应用证书全国计算机二级（acce）熟练运用WORD、EXCEL、PPT等办公软件 国家励志奖学金、品德优秀奖学金、特殊贡献奖学金、体育优秀奖学金等本人是一个性格开朗大方的女孩，做事认真踏实，有责任感，集体荣誉感强，不喜欢拖拉，果断勇敢，能吃苦耐劳。待人热忱，乐于助人，热爱学习。为人诚实诚信。在校期间，积极地参加各种学校组织活动及社团活动，认真努力地提高知识和自身素养及在社会中的交往和处事能力， 工作认真，这做事期间，能很好地处理好分工协作关系和人际关系，有良好的团队精神。

Christy Wang

Date of Birth：

Tel：

ADD： May 1992******

******* UniversityDegree： E-mail：MasterEducation 2011.9-Present

****************** Major Courses： *****************************

********** Aist to ************** etc.Internship 2014.3-2014.52013.7-2013.8

2012.7-2012.8

2011.9-2013.9

2012.9-2013.6

2013.3-2013.11

2013.3-2014.3Intern*******Intern*********** Company Ltd Aist to********************************etc.**************** committee **************** Volunteering in The Dandelions Volunteering in “Learning Partners” The leader of student team in The Dandelions staff in Youth League

National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Training Program CampusactivitiesProject Experience 2013.3-2014.1Leader

Certificates & Awards

CET 6,Level 2 of acce, Use WORD,EXCERL,PPTadroitly ,Accounting qualification certificate, Securities qualification certificate, UF ERP Software Applications Engineer Certificate National motivational scholarships、Moral merit scholarships、Special contributionscholarship、Excellent sports scholarships etc.

Self AementStrong learning ability and a sound basic of profeional knowledge

Expreion Communication Cooperation Adaptability

Sincere ,Optimistic, Confident, Paionate.

第16篇：纸浆中英文

纸浆的中英文术语词汇

半化学浆 semi-chemical pulp 用化学处理，例如蒸煮，从植树物纤维原料中部分地除去非纤维素成分而制得的纸浆，为了达到纤维分离需要进行随后的机械处理。

拌浆机 breader,breaker beater 装有（或不装）底刀并装有一个带钝刀辊子的碎浆机。用来破碎纸浆板、废纸、损纸、破布浆、破布或其他纺织品，使其成为悬浮状。

半漂浆 cemi-bleached pulp 漂白至中等白度的纸浆。 粗纤维束 shive 存在于纸浆或纸中的纤维物料的粗大部分。 稻、麦草浆 straw pulp 用稻、麦秆制得的造纸用浆。 荻浆 amur silver gre pulp 用荻秆制得的造纸用浆。 废纸 waste paper 在使用或加工后可以被回收而重新用于造纸的纸或纸板。

风干浆 air-dry pulp 在技术上指水分含量与周围环境相平衡的纸浆；在商业上指供需间商定的含有规定水分的纸浆。 干浆 dry pulp 水分含量接近风干浆的纸浆。

褐色磨木浆 brown mechanical pulp 用汽蒸或煮过的木材制得的褐色磨石磨木浆。

黑液 black liquor 从化学浆（通常指硫酸盐法或烧碱法）蒸煮后的产物中分离出来的蒸煮废液。 化学浆 chemical pulp 用化学处理，例如蒸煮，从植物纤维原料中除去相当大一部分非纤维素成分而制得的纸浆，不需要为了达到纤维分离而进行随后的机械处理。

机械浆 mechanical pulp 完全用机械的方法从不同的植物纤维原料中制得的造纸用浆。

碱性亚硫酸盐浆 alkaline sulphite pulp 用亚硫酸钠和氢氧化钠组成的药液蒸煮植物纤维所制得的化学浆。

浆的净化 pulp cleanina 用重力净化、离心净化和通过一定大小的筛孔和筛缝等物理方法从浆料中除去无用物质。

浆的筛选 pulp screening 净化浆料的一种方法。用一个或几个筛把粗浆分离成粗渣和合格料。

浆和纸的杂质 pulp and paper contraries 存在于纸浆、纸料、纸或纸板中任何认为无用的物质。

阔叶木浆 hardwood pulp 用阔叶木制得的纸浆。

硫酸盐浆 sulphate pulp 用主要含有氢氧化钠、硫化钠组成的药液蒸煮植物纤维原料制得的纸浆。

注：①所谓“硫酸盐”这个词是从在碱回收过程中用硫酸钠作为硫化钠的补充来源而得名的。

②从严格的技术意义上讲，“牛皮浆”这个词比“硫酸盐浆”更具有限制性，在某些国家中还在商业上保持这种区分，但是在很多国家的商业上，这两个词仍然看做同义词。

麻浆 flax hemp ramie pulp 从天然的或废旧的亚麻、大麻、苎麻中制得的纸浆。

棉浆 cotton pulp 用棉短绒或废棉制得的纸浆。

磨木浆 groundwood pulp 通过有研磨作用的表面，例如一个石面，磨碎木材制成的机械浆。 木浆 wood pulp 用木材制得的纸浆。

木片磨浆 chip refining 木片通过盘磨机生产出的盘磨机械浆。 牛皮浆 kraft pulp 一种高强度的未漂硫酸盐浆。主要用来制造牛皮纸或纸袋纸。

盘磨机械浆 refiner mechanecal pulp 通过盘磨机处理植物纤维原料制得的机械浆。

漂白 bleaching 在一定程度上除去浆的有色物质或改变浆的颜色，其目的在于提高浆的白度。

漂白浆 bleached pulp 为提高白度而经漂白处理过的纸浆。 漂洗机 potcher,washer 一种半浆机。可以用来进行纸浆的洗涤和漂白。洗涤时洗鼓部分地浸在浆中以不断地提取液体。 全漂浆 fully bleached pulp 漂白至高白度的纸浆。

溶解浆 diolving pulp 主要供制造再生纤维素纤维和纤维素化学衍生物用的纸浆。

烧碱浆 soda pulp 用氢氧化钠作为唯一有效成分的药液蒸煮植物纤维原料制得的纸浆。

湿浆 wet pulp 水分含量比干浆高得多，一般指仅经过机械脱水而未经干燥的纸浆。 碎浆机 pulper 用来打碎浆板或纸的设备。 苇浆 reed pulp 用芦苇秆制得的造纸用浆。

未漂浆 unbleached pulp 未经任何专门为提高白度而作处理的造纸用浆。

选料 sorting 将破布或废纸等按质量分类挑选，以便在纸或纸板制造中使用。根据生产工艺的要求，按质量或按品种挑选造纸用的各种植物纤维原料。

亚硫酸盐废液（俗称红液）spent sulphite liquo 从植物纤维经亚硫酸盐法蒸煮后的产物中分离出来的蒸废液。

亚硫酸盐浆 sulphite pulp 用主要含有亚硫酸氢盐的药液蒸煮植物纤维原料制得的纸浆。

荧光增白 fluorescent whitening 把一种几乎无色的物质加到纸浆、纸料、表面施胶的胶料或涂料中，能够将紫外光激发为可见光，对纸和纸板的白度产生一个明显的改进。

预热机械浆 thermo-mechanical pulp 木片经蒸汽短时间预热处理后，再用盘磨机带压或常压。

造纸用浆 papermaking pulp 供制造纸和纸板用的纸浆。 纸浆 pulp 经过制备的可供进一步加工的纤维料（一般指来源于天然植物）。注：“纸浆”这个名词不在很多行业中通用。如果无特殊说，确用于本标准时，它仅指用于造纸、再生纤维和薄膜以及有关工业的纸。

蔗渣浆 bagae pulp 用甘蔗渣制得的造纸用浆。 针叶木 softwood pulp 用针叶木制得的纸浆。

蒸煮 cooking 用水和化学药品加热处理植物纤维原料。 纸浆的商业规定干度 theoretical commercial dryne 一个在商业上被公认的纸浆干度，一般规定为90%。

注：①如果浆的风干度为90%，这个纸浆含有90份绝干纤维和10份水（均以质量计）。

②国际上有时以88%为商业规定干度。

纸浆的发货单质量 invoiced ma(of pulp) 由供应方标在发货单上的纸浆的销售质量。

纸浆的风干质量 air-dry ma(of pulp) 当其水分含量与周围环境平衡时纸浆的质量。

纸浆的销售质量 saleable ma(of pulp) 用毛重乘以绝对干度，除以商业规定干度。

竹浆 bamboo pulp 用竹茎秆制得的纸浆。

中性亚硫酸盐浆 neutral sulphite pulp 用主要含有中性亚硫酸盐的药液蒸煮植物纤维原料制得的化学浆。

第17篇：中英文简历

小 丽

基本情况：性别：女年龄：25户口：重庆

电话：86-15086861013/86-023-67791670邮箱：elle.xiaoli@gmail.com

教育背景：

西南政法大学 外国语言学及应用语言学学院 法律英语专业2007～2010 重庆 ◆ 将于2010年7月获英语语言文学硕士学位

四川外语学院 英语系 英语翻译专业2003～2007 重庆 ◆2007年7月获英语语言文学学士

实习经历:

重庆康辉旅行社欧洲部 实习生2007.02～03 重庆 ◆ 康辉旅游集团为行业领先的大型旅游运营商

◆ 设计旅游路线，参与旅行社网站制作，销售旅游产品，旅游咨询

工作经历：

重庆全球采购中心外展部 临时助理2009.05 重庆 ◆ 协助全球采购中心会筹备“第十二届中国（重庆）国际投资暨全球采购会” ◆ 培训志愿者

◆ 会议期间负责综合调度，管理机场组志愿者，担任现场翻译

会议稿件翻译2008.10 重庆 ◆ 组织人员为重庆巴南区招商局翻译“精密机床、精密模具制造及教育培训与产业园区项目”规划初步方案并总校全部译稿

◆ 独立为中国机械工业集团公司机械工业第三设计研究所翻译该项目的初步方案

法律稿件翻译2008.10～12 重庆 ◆ 为宋雷翻译服务有限公司内翻译大量法律稿件

“跨国公司投资重庆经贸洽谈会” 志愿者2008.07 重庆 ◆ 随行翻译和对接项目现场翻译

◆ 外宾接待

西南政法大学留学生部 对外汉语主讲教师2008.04～07重庆 ◆ 编写教案，探索和创新教学方法，运用多媒体等教学手段进行教学

◆ 带领美国留学生进行重庆一日游，介绍重庆人文历史

“英语沙龙” 主办人2008.03～05 重庆1

◆ 主办“英语沙龙”，拟定活动纲领与计划，主持第一期“英语沙龙”

◆ 组织“英语沙龙”成员春游

商务会谈现场口译2007.10 成都 ◆ 独立担任重庆顺方医疗器材有限公司与德国公司代表商务会谈现场口译

中国(重庆)国际教育展 志愿者2005～2007 重庆 ◆ 协助院方代表为来访者答疑解惑

◆ 现场口译

英语家教2005至今 重庆 ◆ 制定个性化学习计划和方法，提高了学生的应试成绩和英语综合能力

四川外语学院院学生会外联部成员2003 重庆◆ 联络赞助商，筹集活动资金，参与活动策划

获奖情况:

2003年至2007年多次获得四川外语学院奖学金

2007年代表西南政法大学研究生部参加重庆大学生英语演讲大赛暨CCTV杯英语演讲大赛西

南片区预选赛获优胜奖

2007年获西南政法大学研究生部校园十大歌手称号

2003年获四川外语学院综合技能大赛暨演讲比赛优胜奖

能力资格:

2007年通过全国高等学校英语专业八级（TEM 8）考试

2007年通过全国高等学校英语专业八级（TEM 8）口语与口译考试

2007年取得机动车（C1）驾驶证

2006年获剑桥商务英语（BEC）中级证书

2005年获中华人民共和国（英语）导游员资格证书

熟练应用OFFICE系列软件

兴趣爱好:

阅读；音乐；运动；驾驶

Xiao Li

Tian Yi Xin Cheng, Yubei

district, Chongqing 40114786-15086861013, 86-023-67791670

EDUCATION

Postgraduate School, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, concentration in forensic linguistics2007-2010 Chongqing Sichuan International Studies University, B.A.in English translation2003-2007 Chongqing

INTERNSHIP

China Comfort Travel Group co., Ltd, Chongqing branch2007.02-03 Chongqing ◆China Comfort Travel Group plays a leading role in inbound and outbound tourism

◆Route design, website building, travel products marketing, travel consultation

WORK EXPERIENCE

Global Souring Center, Inc., Chongqing2009.05 Chongqing Temporary Aistant

◆Coordinated a team of 10 profeionals from Global Souring Center, Inc., and 15 volunteers in pre-arrangement of China (Chongqing) International Investment and Global Souring Fair

◆Directed and trained a team of 15 volunteers

◆Accompanying interpreter

Investment promotion Bureau of Banan District, Chongqing & Third Design and Research Institute

SINOMACH2008.10 Chongqing◆Organized a team of 5 students to translate Preliminary Project of Precision Machine Tools, Precision Mold Manufacture, Education & Training, and Projects of Industrial Park for Investment promotion Bureau of Banan District, Chongqing and edited all of the versions

◆Personally translated another version of Preliminary Project for Third Design and Research Institute SINOMACH

Song Lei Translation Service Co., Ltd2008.10-12 Chongqing ◆Translated a lot of legal documents

Multinational Corporation Invest Chongqing Economic & Trade Conference2008.07 Chongqing Volunteer

◆Project Matching Conference Interpreter

International Students’ Dept.of Southwest

University of Political Science & Law2008.04-07 ChongqingLeading Lecturer

◆Taught 23 American Students Chinese

◆Developed teaching plan and applied various instruments in teaching

◆Conducted 52 American Students to tour the city of Chongqing

Initiator of English Salon2008.03-05 Chongqing

◆Motivated 16 students to join English Salon, established articles of English Salon, drafted activity plans, presided over the first section of English Salon

◆Organized Spring outing for English Salon members

Chongqing Shun Fang Medical Instrument Co., Ltd2007.10 Chengdu Site Interpreter

◆Consecutively interpreted busine talk between Chongqing Shun Fang Medical Instrument Co., Ltd and a German corporation

China(Chongqing) International Education Exhibition2005-2007 Chongqing Volunteer

◆Site Interpreter

◆Aisted representatives of foreign universities and performed site consultation

English tutor2005-present Chongqing ◆Developed personalized studying plan and means

◆Upgraded students’ examination score and English capability

Liaison department of student union of Sichuan2003 Chongqing International Studies University (SISU)

◆Contacted with sponsor, raised funds, planed activities

HONORS

Winner’s Prize of Primary Contest of CCTV CUP English Speaking Contest

Winner’s Prize of Speaking Contest of Sichuan International Studies University (SISU) Consecutive third Scholarships of Sichuan International Studies University (SISU)

Winner of Campus Top 10 Singers of Postgraduate School of Southwest University of Political Science & Law

SKILLS

LanguagesMandarin(excellent), English(excellent), French(basic)

[National Test for English Major 8(TEM 8), National Oral & Interpretation Test for

English Major 8(TEM 8), Busine English Certificate(BEC) Vantage, Certificate of

Tour Guide of PRC(working language: English)]

OthersDriving [Driving License (C1) of PRC]

Skillful in MS Office

INTEREST

Reading, music, sport, driving, accomplished singer

第18篇：中英文自我介绍

英文正文

Good morning.It\\\'s a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself.My name is Jennifer Wong, and I am a candidate for the position of Overseas Sales Representative.

My background and work experience are tailor-made for this position.I studied marketing as an undergrad here in Taiwan, and in 1985, I received my MBA from the University of Texas School of Busine.For five years now, I have utilized my skills and knowledge as the Aistant Director of Exports for Magic Kitchen Supplies.Action Appliances is a forward-looking company.I am aware that you are expanding into new markets, particularly in the U.S.Thus you are going to need aggreive, take-charge sales representatives.At Magic Kitchen, during my five years there, we expanded our U.S.market share by 25%.This is just one example of my ability to go out there and sell products.

A position with your company would be both a learning experience and a great opportunity.I look forward to becoming part of the Action team.Thank you.中文翻译

早安。很高兴能在这儿跟各位介绍自己：我是Jennifer Wong，来此应征海外业务代表。

我的背景和工作经验使我足以胜任这份业务代表的工作；我在台湾念大学，是主修行销，一九八五年，再从美国德州大学的商学院得到企管硕士的学位。过去五年来，我以这些专业知识及技巧担任神奇厨具用品公司的外销部副主任。Action电器公司是个高瞻远瞩的公司，我知道你们正在开拓新市场，尤其要在美国闯下一片天地；正因为如此，你们需要一位积极、肯负责的业务代表。在神奇厨具用品公司，我们将产品在美国的市场占有率提高了百分之二十五，这正足以证明我有能力在当地推销产品。

如果能进入贵公司工作，对我来说可以好好继续学习，也是个大好机会。我希望能成为Action电器公司的一员。谢谢。

第19篇： 政府工作报告 中英文

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

2012政府工作报告

各位代表： 现在，我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

一、2009年工作回顾

2009年是新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年。去年这个时候，国际金融危机还在扩散蔓延，世界经济深度衰退，我国经济受到严重冲击，出口大幅下降，不少企业经营困难，有的甚至停产倒闭，失业人员大量增加，农民工大批返乡，经济增速陡然下滑。在异常困难的情况下，全国各族人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下，坚定信心，迎难而上，顽强拼搏，从容应对国际金融危机冲击，在世界率先实现经济回升向好，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值达到33.5万亿元，比上年增长8.7％；财政收入6.85万亿元，增长11.7％；粮食产量53082万吨，再创历史新高，实现连续６年增产；城镇新增就业1102万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入17175元，农村居民人均纯收入5153元，实际增长9.8％和8.5％。我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。实践再次证明，任何艰难险阻都挡不住中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。

过去的一年，极不平凡，令人振奋。我们隆重庆祝新中国成立60周年。抚今追昔，伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感，极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力，极大地提升了我国的国际地位和影响力，必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。

一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税，保持货币信贷快速增长，提高货币政策的可持续性，扩大直接融资规模，满足经济社会发展的资金需求，有效扩大了内需，很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。

着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金450亿元，补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税，减免住房交易相关税收，支持自住性住房消费。全年汽车销售1364万辆，增长46.2％；商品房销售9.37亿平方米，增长42.1％；社会消费品零售总额实际增长16.9％，消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增强。

促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨千斤”的作用，引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增４万亿元的投资计划。2009年中央政府公共投资9243亿元，比上年预算增加5038亿元，其中，

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占44％，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占16％，重大基础设施建设占23％，灾后恢复重建占14％。全社会固定资产投资增长30.1％，投资结构进一步优化。投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口，加强了薄弱环节，为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。

我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建，重灾区已完成投资6545亿元，占规划总投资的65.5％。国家的大力支持，全国人民的无私援助，灾区群众的艰苦奋斗，使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现了中华民族的无疆大爱，有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。

（二）大力调整经济结构，夯实长远发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来，加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。

“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农”的支出7253亿元，增长21.8％。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。继续改善农村生产生活条件，农村饮水安全工程使6069万农民受益，新增510万沼气用户，新建和改造农村公路３８万公里、农村电网线路26.6万公里，又有80万户农村危房得到改造，9.2万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度，贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。

产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造，安排200亿元技改专项资金支持4441个技改项目。重点行业兼并重组取得新进展。下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设，关停小火电机组2617万千瓦，淘汰落后的炼钢产能1691万吨、炼铁产能2113万吨、水泥产能7416万吨、焦炭产能1809万吨。加快实施国家科技重大专项，中央财政用于科技的支出1512亿元，增长30％。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用，清洁能源、第三代移动通信等一批新兴产业快速发展。大力加强基础设施建设，新建铁路投入运营5557公里，高速公路新建通车4719公里，城市轨道交通建设加快，新建、改扩建民用机场35个；新增发电装机8970万千瓦，西气东输二线西段工程实现供气，南水北调工程建设加快推进，6183座病险水库除险加固工程开工建设。

节能减排和环境保护扎实推进。安排预算内资金，支持重点节能工程、循环经济等项目2983个；实施节能产品惠民工程，推广节能空调500多万台、高效照明灯具1.5亿只。继续推进林业重点生态工程建设，完成造林588万公顷，森林覆盖率达到20.36％。综合治理水土流失面积4.8万平方公里。加强“三河三湖”等重点流域水污染防治和工业废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降14.38％，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66％和13.14％。

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

积极开展应对气候变化工作，明确提出2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强，灾害防御能力不断提升。

区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区域发展总体战略，制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发，积极承接产业转移，发展基础不断夯实；东部地区加快结构调整和自主创新，经济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。

（三）坚持深化改革开放，不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作为应对国际金融危机的强大动力，努力消除体制障碍，不断提高对外开放水平。

重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，新的成品油价格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。创业板正式推出，为自主创新及其他成长型创业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展，事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开，１亿公顷林地确权到户，占全国集体林地面积的60％，这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。

开放型经济水平不断提高。出台一系列稳定外需的政策措施，采取符合国际惯例的方式支持出口企业，完成短期出口信用保险承保900亿美元，安排421亿美元大型成套设备出口融资保险。鼓励增加进口。去年下半年开始进出口降幅明显收窄，国际市场份额得到巩固，全年进出口总额2.2万亿美元。扭转利用外资下降局面，全年实际利用外商直接投资900亿美元。企业“走出去”逆势上扬，非金融类对外直接投资和对外工程承包营业额分别达433亿美元和777亿美元。积极参与国际宏观经济政策对话协调和经贸金融合作，在共同应对国际金融危机中发挥了建设性作用。

（四）着力改善民生，加快发展社会事业。在应对国际金融危机的困难情况下，我们更加注重保障和改善民生，切实解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。

实施更加积极的就业政策。强化政府促进就业的责任。中央财政安排就业专项资金426亿元，比上年增长59％。实施困难企业缓缴社会保险费或降低部分费率、再就业税收减免及提供相关补贴等政策，鼓励企业稳定和增加就业。开展系列就业服务活动，多渠道开辟公益性就业岗位，促进高校毕业生到基层就业、应征入伍和到企事业单位就业见习。全年组织2100万城乡劳动者参加职业培训。这些措施促进了就业的基本稳定。

加快完善社会保障体系。普遍建立养老保险省级统筹制度，出台包括农民工在内的城镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法。在320个县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，推动我国社会保障制度建设迈出历史性步伐。中央财政安排社会保障资金2906亿元，比上年增长16.6％。企业退休人

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员基本养老金连续５年增加，去年又人均提高10％。农村五保户供养水平、优抚对象抚恤补助标准、城乡低保对象保障水平都有新的提高。中央财政安排保障性安居工程补助资金551亿元，比上年增长２倍。新建、改扩建各类保障性住房200万套，棚户区改造解决住房130万套。全国社会保障基金积累6927亿元，比上年增长44.2％。社会保障体系得到加强。

进一步促进教育公平。大幅度增加全国教育支出，其中中央财政支出1981亿元，比上年增长23.6％。全面落实城乡义务教育政策，中央下达农村义务教育经费666亿元，提前一年实现农村中小学生人均公用经费500元和300元的目标。实行义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度。中等职业学校农村家庭经济困难学生和涉农专业学生免学费政策开始实施。国家助学制度不断完善，资助学生2871万人，基本保障了困难家庭的孩子不因贫困而失学。

稳步推进医药卫生事业改革发展。组织实施医药卫生体制改革。中央财政医疗卫生支出1277亿元，比上年增长49.5％。城镇职工和城镇居民基本医疗保险参保4.01亿人，新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖8.3亿人。中央财政安排429亿元，解决关闭破产国有企业退休人员医疗保险问题。基本药物制度在30％的基层医疗卫生机构实施。中央财政支持建设了一批县级医院、乡镇中心卫生院和社区卫生服务中心。启动实施扩大乙肝疫苗接种等重大公共卫生服务专项。加强食品、药品安全专项整治。面对突如其来的甲型Ｈ１Ｎ１流感疫情，我们依法科学有序地开展防控工作，有效保障了人民群众生命安全，维护了社会正常秩序。

在国际金融危机严重冲击、世界经济负增长的背景下，我国取得这样的成绩极为不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央统揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民和衷共济、团结奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

一年来，我们认真贯彻落实科学发展观，积极应对国际金融危机，全面做好政府工作，有以下几点体会：必须坚持运用市场机制和宏观调控两种手段，在坚持市场经济改革方向、发挥市场配置资源基础性作用、激发市场活力的同时，充分发挥我国社会主义制度决策高效、组织有力、集中力量办大事的优势。必须坚持处理好短期和长期两方面关系，注重远近结合、标本兼治，既克服短期困难、解决突出矛盾，又加强重点领域和薄弱环节、为长远发展奠定基础。必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局，把扩大内需作为长期战略方针，坚定不移地实行互利共赢的开放战略，加快形成内需外需协调拉动经济增长的格局。必须坚持发展经济与改善民生、维护社会公平正义的内在统一，围绕改善民生谋发展，把改善民生作为经济发展的出发点、落脚点和持久动力，着眼维护公平正义，让

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全体人民共享改革发展成果，促进社会和谐稳定。必须坚持发挥中央和地方两个积极性，既强调统一思想、顾全大局，又鼓励因地制宜、探索创新，形成共克时艰的强大合力。这些经验对我们坚持中国特色社会主义道路，提高驾驭社会主义市场经济能力，推进现代化进程，具有重要而深远的意义。

二、2010年主要任务

今年是继续应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展、加快转变经济发展方式的关键一年，是全面实现“十一五”规划目标、为“十二五”发展打好基础的重要一年。

今年发展环境虽然有可能好于去年，但是面临的形势极为复杂。各种积极变化和不利影响此长彼消，短期问题和长期矛盾相互交织，国内因素和国际因素相互影响，经济社会发展中“两难”问题增多。从国际看，世界经济有望恢复性增长，国际金融市场渐趋稳定，经济全球化深入发展的大趋势没有改变，世界经济格局大变革、大调整孕育着新的发展机遇。同时，世界经济复苏的基础仍然脆弱，金融领域风险没有完全消除，各国刺激政策退出抉择艰难，国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率可能加剧波动，贸易保护主义明显抬头，加上气候变化、粮食安全、能源资源等全球性问题错综复杂，外部环境不稳定、不确定因素依然很多。从国内看，我国仍处在重要战略机遇期。经济回升向好的基础进一步巩固，市场信心增强，扩大内需和改善民生的政策效应继续显现，企业适应市场变化的能力和竞争力不断提高。但是，经济社会发展中仍然存在一些突出矛盾和问题。经济增长内生动力不足，自主创新能力不强，部分行业产能过剩矛盾突出，结构调整难度加大；就业压力总体上持续增加和结构性用工短缺的矛盾并存；农业稳定发展和农民持续增收的基础不稳固；财政金融领域潜在风险增加；医疗、教育、住房、收入分配、社会管理等方面的突出问题亟待解决。我们必须全面、正确判断形势，决不能把经济回升向好的趋势等同于经济运行根本好转。要增强忧患意识，充分利用有利条件和积极因素，努力化解矛盾，更加周密地做好应对各种风险和挑战的准备，牢牢把握工作的主动权。

做好今年的政府工作，要认真贯彻党的十七大和十七届三中、四中全会精神，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，着力搞好宏观调控和保持经济平稳较快发展，着力加快经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力推进改革开放和自主创新，着力改善民生和促进社会和谐稳定，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，加快全面建设小康社会进程，努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。

今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长８％左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6％以内；居民消费价格涨幅３％左右；国际收支状况改善。这里要

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着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长８％左右，主要是强调好字当头，引导各方面把工作重点放到转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构上来。提出居民消费价格涨幅３％左右，综合考虑了去年价格变动的翘尾因素、国际大宗商品价格的传导效应、国内货币信贷增长的滞后影响以及居民的承受能力，并为资源环境税费和资源性产品价格改革留有一定空间。

今年要重点抓好八个方面工作：

（一）提高宏观调控水平，保持经济平稳较快发展

要继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，保持政策的连续性和稳定性，根据新形势新情况不断提高政策的针对性和灵活性，把握好政策实施的力度、节奏和重点。处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系。既要保持足够的政策力度、巩固经济回升向好的势头，又要加快经济结构调整、推动经济发展方式转变取得实质性进展，还要管理好通胀预期、稳定物价总水平。

继续实施积极的财政政策。一是保持适度的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字10500亿元，其中中央财政赤字8500亿元，继续代发地方债2000亿元并纳入地方财政预算。这样的安排主要是考虑到今年财政收支矛盾仍然十分突出。从财政收入看，上年一次性特殊增收措施没有或减少了，还要继续实施结构性减税政策，财政收入增长不会太快；从财政支出看，继续实施应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划，完成在建项目、加强薄弱环节、推进改革、改善民生、维护稳定等都需要增加投入。二是继续实施结构性减税政策，促进扩大内需和经济结构调整。三是优化财政支出结构，有保有压，把钱花在刀刃上。继续向“三农”、民生、社会事业等领域倾斜，支持节能环保、自主创新和欠发达地区的建设。严格控制一般性支出，大力压缩公用经费。四是切实加强政府性债务管理，增强内外部约束力，有效防范和化解潜在财政风险。同时，要依法加强税收征管和非税收入管理，严厉打击偷骗税行为，做到应收尽收。

继续实施适度宽松的货币政策。一是保持货币信贷合理充裕。今年广义货币Ｍ２增长目标为17％左右，新增人民币贷款7.5万亿元左右。这两个指标虽然都低于去年实际执行结果，但仍然是适度宽松的政策目标，能够满足经济社会发展的合理资金需求。同时也有利于管理好通胀预期、提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。二是优化信贷结构。落实有保有控的信贷政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节的支持，有效缓解农户和小企业融资难问题，严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业的贷款。强化贷后管理，确保信贷资金支持实体经济。三是积极扩大直接融资。完善多层次资本市场体系，扩大股权和债券融资规模，更好地满足多样化投融资需求。四是加强风险管理，提高金融监管有效性。探索建立宏观审慎管理制度，强化对跨境资本流动的有效监控，防范各类金融风险。

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继续完善人民币汇率形成机制，保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。

积极扩大居民消费需求。继续提高农民收入、企业退休人员基本养老金、部分优抚对象待遇和城乡居民最低生活保障水平，增强居民特别是中低收入者消费能力。巩固扩大传统消费，积极培育信息、旅游、文化、健身、培训、养老、家庭服务等消费热点，促进消费结构优化升级。扩大消费信贷。加强商贸流通体系等基础设施建设，积极发展电子商务。整顿和规范市场秩序，努力营造便利、安全、放心的消费环境。继续实施和完善鼓励消费的各项政策措施。大幅提高家电下乡产品最高限价，增加品种和型号，扩大补贴范围，完善补贴标准和办法，加强对中标企业的管理和考核，提高产品质量和服务水平；完善家电、汽车以旧换新和汽车、摩托车下乡政策，小排量汽车购置税按7.5％征收。我们一定要落实好这些政策措施，把好事办好，真正让广大群众得到实惠。

着力优化投资结构。各级政府投资都要集中力量保重点，严格控制新开工项目，资金安排主要用于项目续建和收尾，切实防止出现“半拉子”工程。扎实推进地震灾区恢复重建，保质保量完成任务。鼓励扩大民间投资，完善和落实促进民间投资的相关政策。加强和改进投资管理，严格执行用地、节能、环保、安全等市场准入标准和产业政策，切实防止重复建设。对有财政资金投入的建设项目，要加强全程监督，坚决避免以扩大内需为名，搞劳民伤财的形象工程和政绩工程。坚持科学民主决策，确保公共投资真正用于推进经济社会发展和改善人民生活，经得起实践和历史的检验。

（二）加快转变经济发展方式，调整优化经济结构

转变经济发展方式刻不容缓。要大力推动经济进入创新驱动、内生增长的发展轨道。

继续推进重点产业调整振兴。一是加大技术改造力度。用好技改专项资金，引导企业开发新产品和节能降耗。二是促进企业兼并重组。打破行业垄断和地区封锁，推动优势企业兼并困难企业，加快淘汰落后产能。三是全面提升产品质量。引导企业以品牌、标准、服务和效益为重点，健全质量管理体系，强化社会责任。切实加强市场监管和诚信体系建设，努力把我国产品质量提高到新水平。

大力培育战略性新兴产业。国际金融危机正在催生新的科技革命和产业革命。发展战略性新兴产业，抢占经济科技制高点，决定国家的未来，必须抓住机遇，明确重点，有所作为。要大力发展新能源、新材料、节能环保、生物医药、信息网络和高端制造产业。积极推进新能源汽车、“三网”融合取得实质性进展，加快物联网的研发应用。加大对战略性新兴产业的投入和政策支持。

进一步促进中小企业发展。一是建立和完善中小企业服务体系。抓紧修订中小企业划分标准，加快中小企业公共服务平台、信息服务网络和小企业创业基地建设，进一步减少、简化行政审批，坚决清理和取消不合理收费。二是继续落实财政对中小企业支持政策。中央财政扶持中小企业发展

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

专项资金安排106亿元。对部分小型微利企业实行所得税优惠政策。中央财政预算内技术改造专项投资要覆盖中小企业，地方政府也要加大投入。三是加强对中小企业的金融支持。完善小企业信贷考核体系。鼓励建立小企业贷款风险补偿基金。中小企业贷款税前全额拨备损失准备金。发展多层次中小企业信用担保体系，落实好对符合条件的中小企业信用担保机构免征营业税、准备金提取和代偿损失在税前扣除的政策。拓宽中小企业融资渠道，切实解决中小企业特别是小企业融资难问题。

加快发展服务业。进一步提高服务业发展水平和在国民经济中的比重。大力发展金融、物流、信息、研发、工业设计、商务、节能环保服务等面向生产的服务业，促进服务业与现代制造业有机融合。大力发展市政公用事业、房地产和物业服务、社区服务等面向民生的服务业，加快发展旅游业，积极拓展新型服务领域。农村服务业基础薄弱、发展潜力大，要加快构建和完善以生产销售、科技信息和金融服务为主体的农村生产生活服务体系。加快建立公开平等规范的服务业准入制度，鼓励社会资本进入。进一步完善促进服务业发展的政策，逐步实现国家鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。

打好节能减排攻坚战和持久战。一要以工业、交通、建筑为重点，大力推进节能，提高能源效率。扎实推进十大重点节能工程、千家企业节能行动和节能产品惠民工程，形成全社会节能的良好风尚。今年要新增8000万吨标准煤的节能能力。所有燃煤机组都要加快建设并运行烟气脱硫设施。二要加强环境保护。积极推进重点流域区域环境治理及城镇污水垃圾处理、农业面源污染治理、重金属污染综合整治等工作。新增城镇污水日处理能力1500万立方米、垃圾日处理能力６万吨。三要积极发展循环经济和节能环保产业。支持循环经济技术研发、示范推广和能力建设。抓好节能、节水、节地、节材工作。推进矿产资源综合利用、工业废物回收利用、余热余压发电和生活垃圾资源化利用。合理开发利用和保护海洋资源。四要积极应对气候变化。加强适应和减缓气候变化的能力建设。大力开发低碳技术，推广高效节能技术，积极发展新能源和可再生能源，加强智能电网建设。加快国土绿化进程，增加森林碳汇，新增造林面积不低于592万公顷。要努力建设以低碳排放为特征的产业体系和消费模式，积极参与应对气候变化国际合作，推动全球应对气候变化取得新进展。

推进区域经济协调发展。继续深入推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展。认真落实促进区域经济社会发展的各项规划和政策。加快推进主体功能区建设。加强对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的支持。重点抓好西藏和四省藏区、新疆经济社会发展政策的制定和实施工作。实施区域发展总体战略，重在发挥各地比较优势，有针对性地解决各地发展中的突出矛盾和问题；重在扭转区域经济社会发展差距扩大的

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

趋势，增强发展的协调性；重在加快完善公共财政体系，促进基本公共服务均等化。

（三）加大统筹城乡发展力度，强化农业农村发展基础

在连续６年增产增收之后，更要毫不松懈地抓好“三农”工作。要按照统筹城乡发展的要求，坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重，进一步强化强农惠农政策，协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业农村现代化，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。

促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收。稳定粮食生产，扩大油料种植面积，增加重要紧缺农产品供应，大规模开展粮棉油糖高产创建，大规模开展园艺产品生产和畜牧水产养殖标准化创建，保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全。继续实施对种粮农民直接补贴，增加农资综合补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴，中央财政拟安排补贴资金1335亿元，比上年增加60.4亿元。进一步提高粮食最低收购价，早籼稻、中晚籼稻、粳稻每50公斤分别提高３元、５元和１０元，小麦每50公斤提高３元，继续实施重要农产品临时收储政策，让农民得到更多实惠。加强对产粮大县、养猪大县、养牛大县的财政扶持。大力发展农产品加工业，推进农业产业化经营，支持批发市场和农贸市场升级改造，推动生产与市场对接。促进农民就业创业，多渠道增加农民收入。进一步加大扶贫开发力度。我们要坚持不懈地消除贫困落后，让农民群众早日过上富裕安康的生活。

加强农业基础设施建设。坚持财政支出优先支持农业农村发展，预算内固定资产投资优先投向农业基础设施和农村民生工程，土地出让收益优先用于农业土地开发和农村基础设施建设。中央财政拟安排“三农”投入8183亿元，比上年增加930亿元，地方各级财政也要增加投入。以主产区为重点，全面实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。以农田水利为重点，加强农业基础设施建设，加快大中型灌区的配套改造，扩大节水灌溉面积，建设高标准农田，完成大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固任务。以良种培育为重点，加快农业科技创新和推广，实施好转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项。积极推进现代农业示范区建设。加快建设乡镇和区域性农技推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。

深化农村改革。毫不动摇地坚持农村基本经营制度，加快完善有关法律法规和政策，现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变。加强土地承包经营权流转的管理和服务，在依法自愿有偿流转基础上发展多种形式规模经营。继续推进农村综合改革。完善集体林权制度改革配套政策。启动国有林场改革。继续推进草原基本经营制度改革。发展农民专业合作社，提高农业组织化程度。加快培育小型农村金融机构，积极推广农村小额信用贷款，切实改善农村金融服务。深入推进乡镇机构改革。

统筹推进城镇化和新农村建设。坚持走中国特色城镇化道路，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

展，着力提高城镇综合承载能力，发挥城市对农村的辐射带动作用，促进城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。壮大县域经济，大力加强县城和中心镇基础设施和环境建设，引导非农产业和农村人口有序向小城镇集聚，鼓励返乡农民工就地创业。城乡建设都要坚持最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，切实保护农民合法权益。推进户籍制度改革，放宽中小城市和小城镇落户条件。有计划有步骤地解决好农民工在城镇的就业和生活问题，逐步实现农民工在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租购以及社会保障方面与城镇居民享有同等待遇。进一步增加农村生产生活设施建设投入，启动新一轮农村电网改造，扩大农村沼气建设规模，今年再解决6000万农村人口的安全饮水问题，实施农村清洁工程，改善农村生产生活条件。我们要让符合条件的农业转移人口逐步变为城镇居民，也要让农民有一个幸福生活的美好家园。

（四）全面实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略

教育、科技和人才，是国家强盛、民族振兴的基石，也是综合国力的核心。

优先发展教育事业。强国必先强教。只有一流的教育，才能培养一流人才，建设一流国家。要抓紧启动实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。着重抓好五个方面：一是推进教育改革。要解放思想，大胆突破，勇于创新，鼓励试验，对办学体制、教学内容、教育方法、评价制度等进行系统改革。坚持育人为本，大力推进素质教育。探索适应不同类型教育和人才成长的学校管理体制和办学模式，提高办学和人才培养水平。鼓励社会力量兴办教育，满足群众多样化的教育需求。二是促进义务教育均衡发展。在合理布局的基础上，加快推进中西部地区初中校舍改造和全国中小学校舍安全工程，尽快使所有学校的校舍、设备和师资达到规定标准。为农村中小学班级配备多媒体远程教学设备，让广大农村和偏远地区的孩子共享优质教育资源。加强学前教育和特殊教育学校建设。加大对少数民族和民族地区教育的支持。三是继续加强职业教育。以就业为目标，整合教育资源，改进教学方式，着力培养学生的就业创业能力。四是推进高等学校管理体制和招生制度改革。进一步落实高等学校办学自主权，鼓励高等学校适应就业和经济社会发展需要，调整专业和课程设置，推动高等学校人才培养、科技创新和学术发展紧密结合，激励教师专注于教育，努力建设有特色、高水平大学。创建若干一流大学，培养杰出人才。中央财政要加大对中西部高等教育发展的支持。五是加强教师队伍建设。从多方面采取措施，吸引优秀人才投身教育事业，鼓励他们终身从教。重点加强农村义务教育学校教师和校长培训，鼓励优秀教师到农村贫困地区从教。加强师德教育，增强教师的责任感和使命感。教育寄托着亿万家庭对美好生活的期盼，关系着民族素质和国家未来。教育不普及不提高，国家不可能强盛。这个道理我们要永远铭记。

大力发展科学技术。要认真贯彻自主创新的方针，全面推进创新型国家建设。加快实施科技重

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

大专项，着力突破带动技术革命、促进产业振兴的关键科技问题，突破提高健康水平、保障改善民生的重大公益性科技问题，突破增强国际竞争力、维护国家安全的战略高技术问题。前瞻部署生物、纳米、量子调控、信息网络、气候变化、空天海洋等领域基础研究和前沿技术研究。深化科技体制改革，着力解决科技与经济脱节的问题，推动以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设，促进科技资源优化配置、开放共享和高效利用。要大力实施知识产权战略，加强知识产权创造、应用和保护。进一步激发广大科技工作者和全社会的创新活力。

加快人才资源开发。人才是第一资源。要统筹推进各类人才队伍建设，突出培养创新型科技人才、经济社会发展重点领域专门人才和高技能人才，积极引进海外高层次人才。建立健全政府、社会、用人单位和个人等多元化的人才培养投入机制，充分发挥市场配置人才资源的基础性作用，努力营造人才辈出、人尽其才的制度环境，建设人力资源强国。

（五）大力加强文化建设

国家发展、民族振兴，不仅需要强大的经济力量，更需要强大的文化力量。文化是一个民族的精神和灵魂，是一个民族真正有力量的决定性因素，可以深刻影响一个国家发展的进程，改变一个民族的命运。没有先进文化的发展，没有全民族文明素质的提高，就不可能真正实现现代化。解放思想、改革开放的时代精神，已经成为推动社会前进的先进文化力量，使中华民族充满生机与活力。

一年来，我们大力发展公益性文化事业，加快推进文化体制改革，加强公共文化服务体系建设，促进文化产业快速成长，繁荣文化市场，有效扩大了内需。新的一年，我们要更加重视和大力加强文化建设。继承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化，吸收和借鉴世界各国文明成果，建设中华民族共有精神家园。政府要更好地履行发展公益性文化事业的责任，保障人民群众的基本需求和权益。文化基础设施建设和公共文化资源配置要向基层、特别是农村和中西部地区倾斜，推进美术馆、图书馆、文化馆、博物馆免费开放，丰富人民群众的精神文化生活。要继续推进文化体制改革，扶持公益性文化事业，发展文化产业，鼓励文化创新，培育骨干文化企业，生产更多健康向上的文化产品，满足人民群众多样化的文化需求。促进哲学社会科学、广播影视、新闻出版、档案事业发展，繁荣文学艺术创作，加强文物和非物质文化遗产保护。积极开展对外文化交流，增强中华文化国际影响力。大力发展公共体育事业，广泛开展全民健身运动，提高人民的身体素质。中华民族不仅能够创造经济奇迹，也一定能够创造新的文化辉煌。

（六）着力保障和改善民生，促进社会和谐进步

改善民生是经济发展的根本目的。只有着力保障和改善民生，经济发展才有持久的动力，社会进步才有牢固的基础，国家才能长治久安。

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

千方百计扩大就业。这是保障和改善民生的头等大事。今年就业形势依然严峻，工作上不能有丝毫松懈。要继续实施积极的就业政策。中央财政拟投入433亿元用于促进就业。重点做好高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员就业和退伍转业军人就业安置工作。2009年到期的“五缓四减三补贴”就业扶持政策延长一年。加强政策支持和就业指导，鼓励高校毕业生到城乡基层、中西部地区和中小企业就业；拓宽就业、择业、创业渠道，鼓励自主创业、自谋职业等多种形式的灵活就业，以创业带动就业。建立健全公共投资带动就业的机制。继续加强职业技能培训，重点提高农民工和城乡新增劳动力的就业能力。完善就业服务体系，健全劳动力输出输入地区协调协作机制，引导劳动力特别是农民工有序流动。加快建立统一规范的人力资源市场。维护劳动者合法权益，构建和谐的劳动关系。我们要通过持之以恒的努力，创造更多的就业机会，让广大劳动者各尽所能、各得其所。

加快完善覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。扎实推进新型农村社会养老保险试点，试点范围扩大到23％的县。加快解决未参保集体企业退休人员基本养老保障等遗留问题。将全国130万“老工伤”人员全部纳入工伤保险范围。积极推进农民工参加社会保险。加强城乡低保工作，逐步提高保障水平，切实做到动态管理、应保尽保。加强残疾人社会保障和服务体系建设，进一步落实好扶残助残的各项政策，为他们平等参与社会生活创造更好的环境。企业退休人员基本养老金今年再提高10％。各级政府要进一步增加社会保障投入，中央财政拟安排3185亿元。要多渠道增加全国社会保障基金，加强监管，实现保值增值。鼓励和支持慈善事业发展。我们要加快构建更加完善的社会保障安全网，使人民生活有基本保障、无后顾之忧。

改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社会公平正义的重要体现。我们不仅要通过发展经济，把社会财富这个“蛋糕”做大，也要通过合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，兼顾效率与公平，走共同富裕的道路。一要抓紧制定调整国民收入分配格局的政策措施，逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。加大财政、税收在收入初次分配和再分配中的调节作用。创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。二要深化垄断行业收入分配制度改革。完善对垄断行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控政策。严格规范国有企业、金融机构经营管理人员特别是高管的收入，完善监管办法。三要进一步规范收入分配秩序。保护合法收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入，逐步形成公开透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序，坚决扭转收入差距扩大的趋势。

促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。要坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头，满足人民群众的基本住房需求。一是继续大规模实施保障性安居工程。中央财政拟安排保障性住房专项补助资金632亿元，比上年增加81亿元。建设保障性住房300万套，各类棚户区改造住房280万套。扩大农村危

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

房改造试点范围。各级政府要切实负起责任，严格执行年度建设计划，确保土地、资金和优惠政策落实到位。二是继续支持居民自住性住房消费。增加中低价位、中小套型普通商品房用地供应，加快普通商品房项目审批和建设进度。规范发展二手房市场，倡导住房租赁消费。盘活住房租赁市场。三是抑制投机性购房。加大差别化信贷、税收政策执行力度。完善商品房预售制度。四是大力整顿和规范房地产市场秩序。完善土地收入管理使用办法，抑制土地价格过快上涨。加大对圈地不建、捂盘惜售、哄抬房价等违法违规行为的查处力度。

加快推进医药卫生事业改革发展。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面落实五项重点工作。继续扩大基本医疗保障覆盖面。今年要把城镇居民基本医保和新农合的财政补助标准提高到120元，比上年增长50％，并适当提高个人缴费标准。开展农村儿童白血病、先天性心脏病医疗保障试点，尽力为这些不幸的儿童和家庭提供更多帮助。在60％政府举办的基层医疗卫生机构实施基本药物制度，其他医疗机构也要优先选用基本药物。推进基本药物集中采购和统一配送。基本完成城乡基层医疗卫生机构建设规划，大规模开展适宜人才培养和培训。进一步完善支持村卫生室建设和乡村医生发展的政策措施。完善基层医疗卫生机构补偿机制，落实岗位绩效工资。开展社区首诊试点，推动形成基层医疗卫生机构和医院功能区分合理、协作配合、互相转诊的服务体系。切实加强甲型Ｈ１Ｎ１流感等重大传染病防控和慢性病、职业病、地方病防治，提高突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力。开展公立医院改革试点，坚持基本医疗的公益性方向，创新体制机制，充分调动医务人员积极性，提高服务质量，控制医疗费用，改善医患关系。大力支持社会资本兴办医疗卫生机构，在服务准入、医保定点等方面一视同仁。扶持和促进中医药、民族医药事业发展。医药卫生事业改革发展关系人民身体健康和家庭幸福，我们要克服一切困难，把这个世界性难题解决好。

做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平。做好流动人口计划生育服务工作。落实好农村妇女妇科疾病定期检查和住院分娩补助政策。加强出生缺陷干预，开展免费孕前优生健康检查试点，做好孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作。继续实施农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度和西部地区少生快富工程。切实保护好妇女和未成年人权益。加强应对人口老龄化战略研究，加快建立健全养老社会服务体系，让老年人安享晚年生活。

（七）坚定不移推进改革，进一步扩大开放

今年要继续深化重点领域和关键环节改革，努力实现新的突破。

我们要继续推进国有经济布局和结构战略性调整。加快大型国有企业特别是中央企业母公司的公司制改革，实现产权多元化，完善法人治理结构。加快推进垄断性行业改革，推进公用事业改革，切实放宽市场准入，积极引入竞争机制。着力营造多种所有制经济公平竞争的市场环境，更好地促

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

进非公有制经济发展。

深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革，是节约能源资源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的重要举措。要扩大用电大户与发电企业直接交易试点，推行居民用电用水阶梯价格制度，健全可再生能源发电定价和费用分摊机制。完善农业用水价格政策。改革污水处理、垃圾处理收费制度。扩大排污权交易试点。在推进这些改革中要注意协调好各方面利益关系，决不能让低收入群众的基本生活受到影响。

要继续推进财税体制改革。健全公共财政体系。完善财政转移支付制度，加大一般性转移支付，增强地方政府提供基本公共服务的能力。健全省以下财政管理体制，完善县级基本财力保障机制，推进省直管县财政管理方式改革。全面编制中央和地方政府性基金预算，试编社会保险基金预算，完善国有资本经营预算制度。增强财政预算的透明度。继续做好增值税转型工作。推进资源税改革。统一内外资企业和个人城建税、教育费附加制度。

健全金融体系是应对国际金融危机冲击的重要举措。要继续完善国有控股金融机构公司治理，改善经营管理机制，提高风险管控能力。继续推动政策性金融机构改革。稳步推进资产管理公司转型。深化农村信用社改革。推动中小金融机构规范发展。大力发展金融市场，鼓励金融创新。推进跨境贸易人民币结算试点，逐步发展境外人民币金融业务。推进存款保险制度建设。加快发展农业保险。

要按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离的要求，在科学分类的基础上，积极稳妥推进事业单位改革。

我们的改革是全面的改革，包括经济体制改革、政治体制改革以及其他各领域的改革。没有政治体制改革，经济体制改革和现代化建设就不可能成功。要发展社会主义民主，切实保障人民当家作主的民主权利，特别是选举权、知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。进一步扩大基层民主，健全基层自治组织和民主管理制度，让广大群众更好地参与管理基层公共事务。要依法治国，健全法制，特别要重视那些规范和监督权力运行的法律制度建设。创新政府立法工作的方法和机制，扩大立法工作的公众参与。

我们要全面适应国际形势变化和国内发展要求，拓展对外开放的广度和深度。

稳定发展对外贸易。今年的主要着力点是拓市场、调结构、促平衡。坚持实施市场多元化战略和以质取胜战略，落实和完善出口退税、出口信贷、出口信用保险等各项政策措施，继续改善海关、质检、外汇等方面的服务。巩固传统市场，大力开拓新兴市场。优化出口产品结构，稳定劳动密集型产品出口，扩大机电产品和高新技术产品出口，大力发展服务贸易和服务外包，努力培育出口品

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

牌和营销网络，继续严格控制“两高一资”产品出口。积极推进加工贸易转型升级。促进进出口平衡发展，重点扩大先进技术装备、关键零部件和国内紧缺物资进口，稳定各项进口促进政策和便利化措施，敦促发达国家放宽高新技术产品出口限制。

推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。优化利用外资结构，鼓励外资投向高端制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业、新能源和节能环保产业，鼓励跨国公司在华设立地区总部等各类功能性机构，鼓励中外企业加强研发合作。鼓励外资参与国内企业改组改造和兼并重组，加快建立外资并购安全审查制度。促进“引资”与“引智”相结合。引导外资向中西部地区转移和增加投资。加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励符合国外市场需求的行业有序向境外转移产能，支持有条件的企业开展海外并购，深化境外资源互利合作，提高对外承包工程和劳务合作的质量。进一步简化各类审批手续，落实企业境外投资自主权。“走出去”的企业要依法经营，规避风险，防止恶性竞争，维护国家整体利益和良好形象。

深化多边双边经贸合作。加强和改善与发达国家的经贸关系，深化与发展中国家的互利合作，认真落实中非务实合作八项新举措。发挥经济高层对话和双边经贸联委会作用。加快自由贸易区建设步伐。积极参与多哈回合谈判，推动早日达成更加合理、平衡的谈判结果。反对各种形式的保护主义，妥善处理贸易摩擦。

上海世博会即将拉开帷幕。要加强与各参展国家、地区和国际组织的合作，把上海世博会办成一届成功、精彩、难忘的盛会，办成一届促进人类文明进步，促进科技创新，促进我国与世界各国交流合作、共同发展的盛会。

（八）努力建设人民满意的服务型政府

一年来，政府自身改革和建设取得新进展。为应对各种困难，我们特别注意发扬民主、倾听基层群众意见，重视维护群众利益。广大公务员兢兢业业、勤勉尽责，为保增长、保民生、保稳定作出了积极贡献。但是政府工作与人民的期望还有较大差距。职能转变不到位，对微观经济干预过多，社会管理和公共服务比较薄弱；一些工作人员依法行政意识不强；一些领导干部脱离群众、脱离实际，形式主义、官僚主义严重；一些领域腐败现象易发多发。我们要以转变职能为核心，深化行政管理体制改革，大力推进服务型政府建设，努力为各类市场主体创造公平的发展环境，为人民群众提供良好的公共服务，维护社会公平正义。

我们要全面正确履行政府职能，更加重视公共服务和社会管理。加快健全覆盖全民的公共服务体系，全面增强基本公共服务能力。健全重大自然灾害、突发公共安全事件应急处理机制。加强防灾减灾能力建设。加强食品药品质量监管，做好安全生产工作，遏制重特大事故发生。

北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

要适应新形势，推进社会管理体制改革和创新，合理调节社会利益关系。认真解决企业改制、征地拆迁、环境保护、劳动争议、涉法涉诉等领域损害群众利益的突出问题，保障人民群众的合法权益。加强和改进信访工作。改善流动人口管理和服务。加强社会治安综合治理，着力解决突出治安问题，防范和依法严厉打击各类违法犯罪活动，维护国家安全和社会稳定。

要努力提高执行力和公信力。坚持决策的科学化、民主化，使各项政策更加符合实际、经得起检验。加强对政策执行情况的检查监督，做到令行禁止。强化行政问责，对失职渎职、不作为和乱作为的，要严肃追究责任。各地区、各部门对中央的决策部署要执行有力，绝不允许各自为政。各级行政机关及其公务员要自觉遵守宪法和法律，严格依法行政。切实改进行政执法工作，努力做到规范执法、公正执法、文明执法。加快建立健全决策、执行、监督相互制约又相互协调的行政运行机制。

要把反腐倡廉建设摆在重要位置，这直接关系政权的巩固。各级领导干部特别是高级干部要坚决执行中央关于报告个人经济和财产，包括收入、住房、投资，以及配偶子女从业等重大事项的规定，并自觉接受纪检部门的监督。要把查处违法违纪大案要案，作为反腐败的重要任务。充分发挥监察、审计部门的作用，加强对行政权力运行的监督。要建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系的各项制度，特别要健全公共资源配置、公共资产交易、公共产品生产等领域的管理制度，增强制度约束力。要坚持勤俭行政，反对铺张浪费，不断降低行政成本。严格控制楼堂馆所建设，禁止高档装修办公楼，加快公务接待、公车使用等制度改革，从严控制公费出国出境。切实精简会议和文件，特别要减少那些形式重于内容的会议、庆典和论坛。要深入推进政务公开，完善各类公开办事制度和行政复议制度，创造条件让人民批评政府、监督政府，同时充分发挥新闻舆论的监督作用，让权力在阳光下运行。

我们所做的一切都是要让人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊严，让社会更加公正、更加和谐。

各位代表！

促进民族团结，实现共同进步，是中华民族的生命、力量和希望所在。要巩固和发展平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系。认真落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施，优先支持边疆民族地区加快发展。加快完成边境一线地区危旧房改造，实施游牧民定居工程。新型农村社会养老保险要优先在边境县、民族地区贫困县试点。加大扶持人口较少民族发展力度。继续推进兴边富民行动。重视保护少数民族文化遗产和民族地区生态环境。切实做好少数民族流动人口公共服务、就业和管理工作，保障他们的合法权益。同时，加强国家意识、公民意识教育，旗帜鲜明地反对民族分裂，维护祖国统一。要让少数民族和民族地区各族群众充分感受到祖国大家庭的温暖。

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我们要全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，依法管理宗教事务。发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济发展和社会和谐中的积极作用。

我们要认真贯彻党的侨务政策。维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益，支持他们传承中华文化，参与祖国现代化建设和促进和平统一大业。

各位代表！

过去一年，国防和军队现代化建设取得新的成就。人民解放军和武警部队圆满完成国庆首都阅兵、重点地区维稳等重大任务，为维护国家安全和发展利益发挥了重要作用。新的一年，要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局，着眼全面履行新世纪新阶段军队历史使命，按照革命化现代化正规化相统一的原则，加强军队全面建设。以增强打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心，提高应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务的能力。大力加强军队思想政治建设。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。加强国防科研和武器装备建设。依法治军、从严治军，提高军队正规化水平。积极稳妥地深化国防和军队改革。加强武警部队现代化建设，增强执勤、处置突发事件、反恐、维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设。各级政府要一如既往地关心支持国防和军队建设，巩固和发展军政军民团结。

各位代表！

我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，全力支持香港、澳门保持长期繁荣稳定。支持香港巩固并提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位，发展优势产业，培育新的经济增长点。支持澳门发展旅游休闲产业，促进经济适度多元化。要认真实施珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要，积极推进港珠澳大桥等大型跨境基础设施建设和珠海横琴岛开发，深化粤港澳合作，密切内地与港澳的经济联系。伟大祖国永远是香港、澳门的坚强后盾。只要特别行政区政府与各界人士同心协力，包容共济，共同维护繁荣稳定发展的大局，香港、澳门的明天一定会更加美好。

过去的一年，两岸关系在新的历史起点上取得重要进展，呈现和平发展良好势头。两岸交流合作不断深入，全面直接双向“三通”得以实现。经济关系正常化迈出重要步伐，经济合作制度化建设逐步推进。两岸关系持续改善和发展，给两岸同胞带来了实实在在的利益。在新的一年里，我们要继续坚持发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针，牢牢把握两岸关系和平发展的主题，不断开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。密切两岸经贸金融交往，深化产业合作，支持在大陆的台资企业发展，维护台胞合法权益。鼓励有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。支持海峡西岸经济区在两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。通过商签两岸经济合作框架协议，促进互利共赢，建立具有两岸特色的经济合作机制。拓展文化教育交流，共同弘扬中华文化。加强两岸民众和社会各界交流，共同分享两岸

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关系和平发展成果，进一步凝聚推动两岸关系和平发展的共识。坚持大陆和台湾同属一个中国，巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础，增强两岸政治互信。我们坚信，全体中华儿女同心协力，祖国完全统一的宏伟大业一定能够实现！

各位代表！

过去的一年，外交工作取得新的重大成绩。我国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等国际合作，在一系列重大多边会议上发挥了独特的建设性作用。我们积极开展全方位外交，与各大国、周边国家和广大发展中国家的对话合作稳步推进。大力加强人文等领域外交。有效维护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。

新中国外交走过了６０年光辉历程，在国际舞台上留下了闪光足迹。我们将继承发扬光荣传统，始终高举和平、发展、合作旗帜，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界，为我国现代化建设创造良好的外部环境。新的一年，我们将继续以２０国集团金融峰会等重大多边活动为主要平台，积极参与国际体系变革进程，维护发展中国家利益。统筹协调好双边外交与多边外交、国别区域外交与各领域外交工作，推动我国与各大国、周边国家和发展中国家的关系全面深入发展。紧紧抓住中国－东盟自贸区全面建成、上海合作组织召开峰会等契机，积极推进区域合作。进一步做好应对气候变化、能源资源合作等方面的对外工作，在妥善解决热点问题和全球性问题中发挥建设性作用。中国政府和人民愿与国际社会携手努力，共同应对风险挑战，共同分享发展机遇，为世界和平与发展作出新贡献！

各位代表！

艰辛成就伟业，奋斗创造辉煌。让我们在以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央领导下，凝聚起亿万人民的智慧和力量，再接再厉，开拓进取，全面完成“十一五”规划的各项任务，不断夺取改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业的新胜利！

注释：

１、应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划：是指我国在应对国际金融危机中出台的一系列政策措施组合。主要包括四个方面：一是全面促进经济平稳较快发展，大规模增加政府投资，实施总额４万亿元的两年投资计划，其中中央政府拟新增1.18万亿元，实行结构性减税，扩大国内需求；二是大范围实施调整振兴产业规划，提高国民经济整体竞争力；三是大力推进自主创新，增强发展后劲；四是大幅度提高社会保障水平，扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。

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２、“三网”融合：是指电信网、广播电视网和互联网融合发展，实现三网互联互通、资源共享，为用户提供话音、数据和广播电视等多种服务。加快推进三网融合对于提高国民经济信息化水平，满足人民群众日益多样的生产、生活服务需求，形成新的经济增长点，具有重要意义。

３、物联网：是指通过信息传感设备，按照约定的协议，把任何物品与互联网连接起来，进行信息交换和通讯，以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络。它是在互联网基础上延伸和扩展的网络。

４、森林碳汇：是指森林系统减少大气中二氧化碳浓度的过程、活动或机制。森林植物在生长过程中通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳、放出氧气，并把大气中的二氧化碳固定在植被和土壤中。

５、“五缓四减三补贴”就业扶持政策：是指为应对国际金融危机，有关部门于2008年底出台的一系列减轻企业负担、稳定就业局势的措施。主要包括：允许困难企业在一定期限内缓缴养老、失业、医疗、工伤、生育五项社会保险费；阶段性降低城镇职工基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险、生育保险等四项社会保险费率；使用失业保险基金向困难企业支付社会保险补贴或岗位补贴，使用就业专项资金支持困难企业开展职工在岗培训。为保持积极就业政策的连续性和稳定性，这些政策的执行期均延长到2010年底。

６、医药卫生体制改革的五项重点工作：是指为深化医药卫生体制改革，实现2020年基本建立覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度、实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的改革目标，在2009－2011年需要重点抓好的五项改革。主要包括：加快推进基本医疗保障制度建设，初步建立国家基本药物制度，健全基层医疗卫生服务体系，促进基本公共卫生服务均等化，推进公立医院改革试点。

７、中非务实合作八项新举措：是指2009年11月8日温家宝总理代表中国政府在中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议上宣布的推进中非合作的新措施。主要包括：在建立中非应对气候变化伙伴关系、加强科技合作、增加非洲融资能力、扩大对非产品开放市场、加强农业合作、深化医疗卫生合作、加强人力资源开发和教育合作、扩大人文交流等八个方面，采取一系列措施，推进中非合作。

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Report on the Work of the Government

Delivered at the Third Seion of the 11th National People\'s Congre on March 5, 2010, Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council

Fellow deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People\'s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to provide comments and suggestions.

I.Review of work in 2009 The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country\'s economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep receion.Our economy was severely affected; our exports decreased significantly; a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties and some even suspended production or closed down; the number of unemployed people increased significantly; many migrant workers had to return to their home villages; and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7 percent over the previous year (here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7 percent.Grain production was 530.82 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per- capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per-capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8 percent and 8.5 percent respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again

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proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesivene of the Chinese nation, and raised China\'s international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addreing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The Central Government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners\' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2 percent; commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1 percent; and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9 percent in real terms.Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an

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additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the Central Government\'s public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than that in the previous year\'s budget.Of this, 44 percent was invested in low-income housing, projects to improve the well-being of rural residents, and social programs; 16 percent in independent innovation, structural adjustment, energy conservation, emiions reduction, and ecological improvement; 23 percent in major infrastructure projects; and 14 percent in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed aet investment increased 30.1 percent nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5 percent of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government\'s strong support, the selfle aistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundle love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.The Central Government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas and farmers, an increase of 21.8 percent.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementing the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1 million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a

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result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating 10 key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progre was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict exce production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production capacity of 16.91 million tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting industry, 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects, and spent 151.2 billion yuan of Central Government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30 percent.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development; put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation; opened 4,719 kilometers of new expreways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development; and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.We made solid progre in conserving energy, reducing emiions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36 percent.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes,

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and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the 11th Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38 percent, and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emiions decreased 9.66 percent and 13.14 percent respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country\'s targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emiions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning, as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development, and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progre in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cro-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We reformed local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial to reform institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the collective forests tenure reform.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60 percent of the country\'s total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China\'s rural operation system after the

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household land contract responsibility system.We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the iuance of short-term export credit insurance worth $90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports.Since the second half of last year, falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises \"went global\" in spite of the adverse situation; non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.4.Striving to improve people\'s well-being and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people\'s well-being and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The Central Government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59 percent.For distreed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties—a historic step forward in the development of China\'s social security system.The Central Government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6 percent.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10 percent rise per person.We provided better care for childle and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The Central Government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1.3 million housing units in different types of run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2 percent.We strengthened the social security system.We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including Central Government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6 percent.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of Central Government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system, which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.

We made steady progre in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The Central Government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5 percent.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance, and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system covered 830 million

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

people.The Central Government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30 percent of primary-level medical and healthcare institutions.Central Government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A (H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people\'s lives and maintained normal order in society.It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy.They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby expre our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, ma organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also expre our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China\'s modernization.In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development, vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market\'s vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system\'s advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long- and short-term interests, take into account long- and short-term needs, and addre both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people\'s well-being and safeguarding social equity and justice; make improving people\'s well-being the focus of development, and the starting point, goal and lasting driving force of economic development; strive to safeguard equity and justice; ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development; and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While streing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the proce of modernization.II.Main Tasks for 2010 This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the economic development pattern.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the 11th Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the 12th Five-Year Plan.Although this year\'s development environment may be better than last year\'s, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak; financial risks have not

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

been completely eliminated; individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies; larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies; trade protectionism is clearly reaerting itself; and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people\'s well-being continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Neverthele, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth; our independent innovation capability is not strong; there is still considerable exce production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them; while the preure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor; the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers\' incomes growing steadily is weak; latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing; and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awarene of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.To do a good job in our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the 17th National Party Congre and the third and fourth plenary seions of the 17th Central Committee; take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide; thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development; strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development; work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the economic development pattern; pre ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation; strive to improve people\'s well-being and to promote social harmony and stability; make headway with our efforts to encourage

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development; pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8 percent, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6 percent, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3 percent, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stre that in targeting a GDP increase at around 8 percent, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus their work on transforming the economic development pattern and restructuring the economy.By targeting an increase in consumer prices at around 3 percent, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effect of last year\'s price changes, the ripple effect of price changes for major international commodities, the lagged impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit, and consumers\' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.This year we will focus on the following eight areas.1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development We need to continue implementing a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progre in transforming the economic development pattern.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall price levels stable.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in Central Government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year\'s revenues will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenues, last year\'s one-off measures to increase revenues will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue implementing the policy of structural tax reductions; consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete undergoing projects, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people\'s well-being and maintain stability.Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers and rural areas, and to improving people\'s well-being and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenues in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year\'s target for expanding the broad money supply (M2) is around 17 percent, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are le than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands to fuel economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making the financial support for economic development more sustainable.Second, we will improve credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others; increase support for important areas and weak links; effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businees have in obtaining financing;

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and iuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cro-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers\' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people\'s purchasing power, especially that of low- and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitne, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures to encourage consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold in the countryside, increase the types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the qualifying criteria for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5 percent.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment; strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection and safety; and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people\'s lives and that will stand the test of practice and history.2.Accelerating the transformation of the economic development pattern and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure We urgently need to transform the economic development pattern.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies, remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises for acquiring enterprises in financial difficulties, and close down backward production facilities more quickly.Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems, focusing on brands, standards, service and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility.We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China\'s products to a new level.We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

economic, scientific and technological high ground; therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources and new materials, and boost energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progre in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for claifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them, as well as bases for small busine startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The Central Government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit aement system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan-risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan-lo reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting busine tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for loes from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

design, commerce, energy conservation and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people\'s wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair and standardized system for licensing service providers, and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development of the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for government-encouraged service industries to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emiions.First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise energy efficiency, especially in manufacturing industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progre in the 10 major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make energy saving a good habit throughout the society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.We will rapidly develop and employ desulphurization equipment for every coal-fired power generating unit.Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key drainage basins and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D, technology demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and preure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.We will rationally develop, utilize and protect marine resources.Fourth,

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies; promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies; develop new and renewable energies; and step up development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.923 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emiions.We will participate in international cooperation to addre climate change, and push for further progre in the global fight against climate change.We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions\' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and making acce to basic public services more equal.3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make it a top priority to solve problems faced by agriculture, rural areas and farmers; further strengthen our policies to support agriculture and benefit farmers; coordinate industrialization, urbanization and agricultural and rural

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

modernization; and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable; expand the total area sown with oilseed; increase supplies of important agricultural products in short supply; implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed and sugar; standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry and aquaculture; and ensure the security of the \"rice bag\" (grain supply) and \"vegetable basket\" (non-staple food supply).We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The Central Government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan per 50 kilograms respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 3 yuan per 50 kilograms.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products, and give farmers more tangible benefits.We will increase fiscal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the proceing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents find jobs or start their own businees, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelely to eradicate poverty and backwardne so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for fixed aet investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents; and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The Central Government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will

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英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and medium-sized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and finish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized and key small reservoirs.Focusing on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scientific and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modern agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system; quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies; and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for collective forests tenure reform, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of gralands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural financial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural financial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will stick to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities; increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns; ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas; and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly flow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

returned rural migrant workers to start businees in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest poible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems that rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children\'s education, healthcare, housing and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural production and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development Education, science and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.We will give high priority to education.For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education.First-cla education is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following five areas.First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and systematically reform school financing system, curricula, teaching methods and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore school management and financing systems that are suitable for different types of education and the development of different talents, so that we can run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

people\'s diverse demands for education.Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of junior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and ensure that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as poible.We will provide multimedia distance-learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have acce to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.To help students find jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods, and focus on improving students\' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.Fourth, we will reform the management and admiion systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development; more intimately integrate personnel training, scientific and technological innovation and academic development; inspire teachers to concentrate on education, and build high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of first-cla universities that produce outstanding talents.The Central Government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.Fifth, we will improve the teachers\' qualifications.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue a life-long career in education.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and school principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the profeional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and miion.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, and comprehensively build an innovative country.We need to accelerate

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key sciences and technologies that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major sciences and technologies related to public welfare and can improve people\'s health and the quality of their lives, and in strategic, high-tech fields that can enhance our country\'s international competitivene and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of science and technology management system; strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy; promote the development of technological innovation system in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated; and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly efficient use of scientific and technological resources.We will vigorously implement intellectual property rights (IPRs) strategy and strengthen the creation, application and protection of IPRs.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.We will accelerate human resources development.Talented personnel are the primary resources.We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and profeionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high-caliber personnel from overseas.We will set up a mechanism for diversifying funding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part.We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive to create an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbers and tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.5.Energetically promoting cultural progre To develop the country and rejuvenate the nation, we must not only be economically strong, but more importantly, be culturally strong.Culture is the spirit and soul of a nation, and the determining factor of whether it is truly strong or not.It can profoundly affect the progre of a country\'s development and change the destiny of a nation.If we do not develop an advanced culture and

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

improve the whole nation\'s cultural and ethical levels, we cannot truly modernize.Emancipating our minds, and reform and opening up embody the spirit of our times, and they have become an advanced cultural force driving social progre and have filled the Chinese nation with vigor and vitality.Over the past year, we vigorously developed non-profit cultural programs, sped up the reform of cultural management system, improved the system of public cultural services, stimulated the rapid growth of our culture industry, brought prosperity to the culture market, and effectively expanded domestic demand.In this year, we need to pay greater attention to and vigorously promote cultural progre.We will draw upon and carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, draw on and make use of other countries\' cultural achievements, and build a spiritual home shared by the whole Chinese nation.Our government needs to better carry out its responsibility for developing non-profit cultural programs and ensure that the people\'s basic demands are met and that their rights and interests are protected.We will give high priority to the graroots, especially rural areas and the central and western regions while developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources; make admiion to more art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free; and enrich people\'s intellectual and cultural activities.We will continue to reform the cultural management system, support non-profit cultural programs, develop the culture industry, encourage cultural innovation, foster leading cultural enterprises, and produce more healthy and inspirational cultural works to meet the diverse cultural needs of our people.We will promote the development of philosophy, the social sciences, radio, television, film, the pre, publishing and archives; make literary and artistic creation flourish; and strengthen the protection of our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will vigorously develop cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and make Chinese culture more influential internationally.We will energetically develop recreational sports, launch an extensive exercise campaign for the general public, and improve the people\'s health.The Chinese nation can not only create economic miracles but also make brilliant new cultural achievements.6.Vigorously ensuring and improving people\'s wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progre Improving people\'s wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development.We can ensure

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progre, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people\'s wellbeing.We will do everything in our power to increase employment.This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people\'s wellbeing.This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest.We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy.The Central Government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment.Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment difficulty, and demobilized military personnel find jobs.The \"five-four-three\" employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year.[These policies allow qualified enterprises to postpone their payments of five types of social security contributions; reduce urban workers\' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers\' compensation, and maternity insurance; and continue three types of subsidized, enterprise-based job training programs—notes added by the translator] We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises.We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businees.We will encourage different forms of flexible employment, including starting businees and finding jobs independently.We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businees.We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment.We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas.We will improve the career service system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide the orderly flow of workers, especially rural migrant workers.We will accelerate the development of a unified and standardized human resources market.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations.We will work tirelely to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents.We will steadily move forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

residents by expanding it to 23 percent of China\'s counties.We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs.Workers\' compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured in previous jobs who are not receiving benefits.We will work to extend social security coverage to rural migrant workers.We will strengthen our work on urban and rural subsistence allowances, gradually increase allowances, and ensure that they are managed in a manner that reflects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them.We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for aisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing.We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10 percent.Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the Central Government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose.We will increase the country\'s social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value.We will encourage and support the development of charities.We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.We will reform the income distribution system.A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairne and justice.We will not only make the \"pie\" of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to efficiency and fairne, and take the path to common prosperity.First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the individuals\' share of national income and labor\'s share of total income in initial income distribution.We will strengthen the role of fiscal and taxation policies in adjusting income distribution and redistribution.We will create conditions for more people to earn income from property.Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries.We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage in these industries.We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

related oversight and supervision rules.Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution.We will protect legitimate income; regulate exceively high income; ban illegal income; gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution; and resolutely reverse the widening income gap.We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people\'s basic need for housing.First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale.The Central Government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year.We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2.8 million housing units in run-down areas.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas.Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding and preferential treatment are implemented well.Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners\' residences.We will increase land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium prices, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects.We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate the rental housing market.Third, we will rein in speculative housing purchases.We will intensify the implementation of differentiated credit and tax policies.We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market.We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast.We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding and price rigging.We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish five key tasks.We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care.This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50 percent from last year, and appropriately increase

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

rates for individual contributions.We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more aistance to these le fortunate children and their families.We will install the basic drug system in 60 percent of the community medical institutions run by the government and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs.We will promote the centralized purchase and unified distribution of basic drugs.We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance.We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the first option in medical treatment, and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions (each with its own well-defined functions) coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other.We will strengthen prevention and control of influenza A (H1N1) and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies.We will carry out a pilot reform in public hospitals; maintain the non-profit nature of basic medical services; make institutional and procedural innovations; boost the morale of medical workers; raise service quality; control medical costs; and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers.We will energetically support the use of private capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities.The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields affect the health of the people and the happine of their families; therefore, we must overcome all difficulties and solve this universal problem.We will do a good job in population and family planning work.We will continue to maintain a low birthrate.We will provide good family planning services for the floating population.We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women.We will strengthen intervention in birth defects; carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

checkups; and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and pregnant and nursing women.We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the \"lower birthrate equals faster prosperity\" project in the western region.We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.7.Firmly advancing reform and further expanding opening up This year we will continue to deepen reform in key areas and crucial links and work hard to achieve new breakthroughs.We will continue to make strategic adjustments in the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector.We will speed up the reform to introduce the corporate system in large state-owned enterprises, especially parent companies of enterprises under the Central Government, and we will diversify their ownership and improve their corporate governance.We will accelerate the reform of monopoly industries; promote reforms in public utilities; effectively expand market acce; and actively introduce competitive mechanisms.We will create a market environment for fair competition among economic entities under diverse forms of ownership and facilitate stronger growth of the non-public sector.We will deepen the reform of prices for resource products and environmental protection charges.This is an important measure for conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development.We will expand the trial of direct transactions between major electricity consumers and producers; introduce tiered prices for household consumption of electricity and water; and improve the mechanism of price setting and cost sharing for electricity generated from renewable energy.We will improve the pricing policy for water used in agriculture.We will reform the system of sewage and garbage treatment charges.We will expand the trial of pollution rights trading.While pushing forward these reforms, we will balance the interests of different parties and ensure that the basic living conditions of people with low incomes are not adversely affected.We will continue to reform the fiscal and taxation systems.We will strengthen the public finance system.We will improve the system of transfer payments, increase general transfer payments,

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

and enhance the ability of local governments to provide basic public services.We will strengthen the fiscal management system at and below the provincial level, improve a mechanism to ensure basic funding for county governments, and carry forward reforms that place county finances directly under the management of provincial governments.We will draw up budgets for all funds controlled by central and local governments, prepare budgets for social security funds on a trial basis, and improve the budget system for the use of state capital.We will increase the transparency of the fiscal budget.We will continue to make progre in VAT reform.We will carry forward the reform of resource taxes.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges to foreign enterprises and nationals.

Improving the financial system is an important measure for countering the impact of the global financial crisis.We will continue to improve corporate governance in financial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake, improve their busine management, and raise their ability to manage and control risks.We will continue the reform of policy-based financial institutions.We will steadily promote the transformation of aet management companies.We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives.We will promote orderly development of small and medium-sized financial institutions.We will vigorously develop the financial market and encourage financial innovation.We will promote pilot projects for the use of the renminbi in cro-border trade, and gradually develop overseas financial activities using the renminbi.We will continue building the deposit insurance system.We will speed up the development of agricultural insurance.We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scientific claifications and in accordance with the requirements that government and busine functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.The reforms we are undertaking, including economic and political restructuring and reforms in all other areas, are comprehensive.Without political restructuring, it would not be poible for economic restructuring and the modernization drive to succeed.We will develop socialist democracy, and effectively safeguard the democratic rights of the people as masters of the country, particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed, participate in, expre views on, and oversee government affairs.We will further expand graroots democracy, strengthen graroots self-governing bodies, and improve the system of democratic administration at the graroots so that the people can better

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

participate in the management of local public affairs.We will follow the rule of law and improve the legal system, particularly laws concerning the standardization and oversight of the exercise of power.We will innovatively revise the methods and mechanisms of the government\'s legislative work and expand public participation in it.We will fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand the breadth and depth of opening up.We will steadily develop foreign trade.This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the structure of and promoting balance in foreign trade.We will adhere to the strategy of diversifying markets and the strategy of competing on quality; implement and improve policies and measures on export tax rebates, export credit, and export credit insurance; and continue to improve services related to the customs, quality inspection and foreign exchange.We will strengthen traditional markets and vigorously develop new markets.We will improve the export mix; stabilize exports of labor-intensive products; increase exports of electromechanical products as well as new- and high-technology products; energetically develop trade in services and service outsourcing; strive to cultivate exports of brand-name products and develop marketing networks; and continue to strictly limit exports of resource products and products whose production consumes large quantities of energy and resources or is highly polluting.We will vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the proceing trade.We will promote the balanced development of imports and exports; focus on increasing imports of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts, and goods in short supply domestically; keep all policies and measures for promoting and facilitating imports stable; and urge developed countries to ease export restrictions on new- and high-technology products to China.We will promote coordination between using other countries\' investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas.We will optimize the utilization of foreign investment; encourage more foreign investment in high-end manufacturing, new- and high-technology industries, modern service industries, and the new energy, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries; encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China; and encourage Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen cooperation in R&D.We will encourage the use of foreign investment for restructuring, upgrading, merging, and reorganizing

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北京环球时代学校 http://www.daodoc.com/

英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等

Chinese companies, and quickly establish a security review system for mergers and acquisitions involving foreign investment.We will work to attract both investment and talent from overseas.We will guide foreign investors to transfer and increase their investments to the central and western regions.We will accelerate the implementation of the \"go global\" strategy; encourage Chinese industries whose products are in demand in foreign markets to transfer their production capacity overseas in an orderly manner; support qualified enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions; deepen mutually beneficial cooperation concerning foreign resources; and improve the quality of overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation.We will further simplify examination and approval procedures, and give enterprises decision-making power over their overseas investments.Enterprises that have \"gone global\" should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the country\'s overall interests and good image.We will deepen multilateral and bilateral busine cooperation.We will strengthen and improve busine ties with developed countries, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China\'s pragmatic cooperation with African countries.We will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commiions.We will quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones.We will actively participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as poible.We will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.The Shanghai World Expo will open soon.We will strengthen cooperation with all participating countries, regions, and international organizations to make the Expo a succeful, spectacular, and unforgettable event, and one that promotes the progre of human civilization, scientific and technological innovation, and exchanges and cooperation between China and other countries of the world and their common development.8.Working hard to build a service-oriented government that the people are satisfied with Over the past year, new progre was made in government self-reform and self-development.To deal with difficulties of all kinds, we paid particular attention to promoting democracy, listening to the opinions of the public, and protecting their interests.Our civil servants are devoted, diligent and

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第20篇：导游词中英文

长白山北坡导游词 敬爱的邓小平同志游览长白山后说?不登长白山终生遗憾our respected leader deng xiaoping , after visiting changbai mountain , said that it would be a lifetime regret without climbing the changbai mountain ?是的我想诸位今天游览长白山后会有更加深刻的体会.indeed, i believe all of you will have more impreive experience after the visit 长白山将是您生态旅游、回归自然的首选旅游胜地。 it will be your first choice of ecotourism and to return to nature . 现在大家跟我来到的是长白山北坡山门后now, we at the gate of the north slope of changbai mountain .朋友们您现在已进入了举世闻名的长白山国家级自然保护区my friends , you have entered in the world-renowned changbai mountain national nature reserve我现在简单地向大家介绍一下长白山保护区的

情况。let me give you a brief introduction of the reserve 长白山自然保护区建立于1960年changbai mountain natural reserve was founded in 1960 ,1980年加入国际人与生物圈保护区网被列为世界自然保留地1986年被列为国家级森林与野生动物类型的自然保护区2007年5月经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5a级旅游景区2009年8月经国家地质遗址保护领导小组批准授予长白山国家地质公园资格。2009年11月长白山入选‘中国十大休闲胜地’ 界限分明的垂直植被景观带。it was included into the world network of biosphere reserve and listed as the world natural reserve in 1980,and as the national forest and wild life protection administration as the national 5 cla-a tourist attraction in may ,2007 and by natural geological relics protection leading group to confer it as the national geological park in august ,2009,.in november of 2009, |changbai mountain was selected as “china ?s top leisure resort”

从山脚到山顶虽然只有几十公里的行程there is only ten meters long from the feet to top 但垂直分布的景观带却好像经历了欧亚大陆从温带到极地几千公里的变化but the vertical landscape belt seems to has experienced about thousands of kilometers changes in euria from subtropical to polar 游客可以在几个小时之内感觉到从温带到寒带的不同自然景色tourists can enjoy various natural sceneries from frigid zone to temperate zone within hours.如同游历了半个世界经历了春夏秋冬四季一样真可谓是一山分四季十里不同天。it just like have happened for half a century and experienced from spring to winter .the mountain has different views in four seasons and has various climates within kilometers篇二：英语导游词

各位游客朋友们，大家好！我先代表我们西西旅行社真诚的欢迎大家！我叫林玺，我将陪伴你们游玩龙岩，今天和我一起为大家服务的呢还有我身边的这位张师傅，张师傅驾驶技术娴熟，他的大巴车号码是f-12345。如果你有什么问题和特殊的要求，请告诉我们，我们会尽力让你们在龙岩有一个愉快的旅程。我相信大部分的人可以对龙岩有一个好的记忆，我们非常希望得到你们的支持和配合，我们希望你们可以在这里玩的开心。 there are over 23000 earth buildings of different styles in yongding,the main styles of which are mansion-style, square and round.among them , there are over 360 round earth buildings,which are most typical. 我们今天将要去参观的是被称为是世界上独一无二的山区建筑，神秘的东方古堡——永定土楼。世界上所有的民居建筑，永定土楼以其悠久的历史、独一无二的外形、壮丽的规模、巧妙的结构、完整的功能以及丰富的文化内涵被誉为是中国传统的五大民居之一，被誉为中国古代建筑奇观。永定县土楼共2万3千多座，其中以方楼、圆楼为主，典型的圆楼的数量有360多座。 today the place we’ll visit is the hakka earth building folk and culture village at hongkeng of yongding.because we have too many earth buildings here, so today we will visit the most famous zhencheng building,which is known as the prince of earth buildings. 现在请大家抬头看门上的三个汉字，大家知道为什么这栋楼要叫振成楼吗？其实啊，这个楼名是因为纪念楼主林丕振和林福成，从他们名字当中各取一字嵌入联首（振纲立纪，成德达才），振成的意思是无论国还是家，都应当遵纲守纪，才能造就有德有才之人。 zhencheng building is made up of two circles: the outside one is earth structure and the inside one is brick structure.the outside wall is 16 meters high, kitchens and dining rooms are on the first floor, warehouses are on the second floor, bedrooms are on the third and the forth floor.there are 218 bedrooms here, now more than 40 families are living in the building.ok my dear guest, my first question for you! why there isn’t any windows on the first and second floor? as a matter of fact, when hakkas moved here, they was frequently invaded by other nations.so once they close the main gate and the two doors beside, it was difficult for the enemies to break in.and this is one of the 5 functions of the earth building------defence. 振成楼由内外两环楼构成，外环是土木结构的，内环则是砖木结构。他的外墙高16米，一层为厨房、膳厅，二楼是仓库，三四层是卧室。共有218个房间，现在还有40多户人家住在土楼里。好，各位游客，我的第一个问题来了，有谁知道，为什么土楼的一二层都不设窗户呢？原来啊，客家人刚迁移到这里的时候，常遇外敌入侵，只要关上大门和左右两个边门，敌人就很难入侵了。这就是我们土楼5大功能里的第一个功能—防盗防卫功能。 ok now let’s go into the building.do you feel warm? yeah, since the wall is thick, it can prevent heat and keep warm.so it’s warm in winter and cool in summer. 好，现在我们走进土楼里面去看看。大家一进来是不是觉得特别暖和？是的，土楼因墙体厚实，隔热保温，因而具有冬暖夏凉的功能。 just not go to other units.what’s more, people have dug two wells in the building which will provide the water for the fire. 大家看，在楼内的每个单元之间，都设有防火墙。通常，一个单元就是一户人家，当把防火门关上时，你就拥有自己的空间，当打开防火门时，整个楼就是一个大家庭。还要向各位说一说土楼的第三个功能—防火功能。大家看，一旦楼内发生了火灾，火势不致蔓延，并且楼内挖有两口水井，也为扑火提供了水源。 the most conscious trait of the design of the earth building is quakeproof.in the last two years, since wenchuan and yushu earthquake have happened in our country, the quakeproof function of the building was greatly concerned.fortunately, the ancestors here took consider of this function hundreds of years ago.look, the outside circle tilted inwards as it went up and became the wall which is .besides, some bamboo and firs were put into the wall in order to strengthen the pull and prevent the quake.土楼的设计最大的特色莫过于他的防震功能。近两年，我们国家经历了汶川大地震、玉树大地震等，房屋防震功能的考虑越来越受到人们的重视。但是土楼的先民们在百年前就考虑到了这个重要的功能。大家请看外环楼的墙体，他是随着高度的增加渐向内倾斜，形成下大上小、向心力强的墙体。并且在墙体中放入了竹片、杉木条，增加了墙体的拉力，大大提高了抗震能力，防震效果明显。 there is another important function, that is environmental friendly.the earth building is made of earth, when it is pulled down, it’s still earth.this attracts the great attention of environmentalists.土楼还有一个重要的功能，那就是环保功能了。土楼取之于泥土，拆毁后回归自然，特别适宜环保，这引起了环保界的极大兴趣。

以上就是土楼的五大功能，由于时间关系，今天的土楼讲解就先告于段落了，在即将结束我们的土楼游览的时候，我也再次代表我们西西旅行社非常欢迎大家可以再来感受我们土楼的魅力，谢谢！

鼓 浪 屿 today we will visit gulangyu islet after breakfast,our tour bus awaits outside,so please take your personal belongings and follow my instructions to board the bus.it will take us 5 minute to get to the ferry. 现在请大家注意你们左手边的岛屿。这就是鼓浪屿了，也就是我们今天的要到的目的地。鼓浪屿，穿越过厦门海峡，濒临厦门西南海岸有600米。这个面积仅有1.91平方千米的微小的岛屿，人口不少于20,000。1995年4月，鼓浪屿成为国家重点旅游风景区。同时，也是福建省十大旅游景点之一. 厦门有句名言：到厦门不游鼓浪屿不算真正到厦门。更准确的说，除非你游览过日光岩，走上天风台，登上日光岩最高峰才算真正到过厦门。现在我们将从前门进入日光岩景区。我们在龙头山,进入大门内，来到的是厦门最为著名的寺庙——日光岩寺。日光岩寺又称“莲花庵”。它建立于明朝，在1956年得到重修，已经有四百多年的历史了。由于每天莲花庵最先沐浴在阳光里，故称为“日光寺”。 turing right we will go to the memory hall of zheng chenggong, inside the memory hall we will see a bronze statue of him .words describing his entire life are cared at the bottom of it .the form on its right has shown all of the great events in his life.he was born in japan in 1624 and returned to china at the age of 7.on april 21st ,1661,he led his troops to taiwan and retake it from the dutch after they had colonized it for over 38 years.he died in taiwan the follow year,1662,at the tender age of 39.in memory of him,we have displayed some photos and modles to show the places he visited and the battle ship he used. after visiting the zheng chenggong memorial hall, now we are going through the old summer cave.its name suggests that people liked to escape to its cool interior during sweltering summers,go upstairs and we can see a gate in front of us.this is the entrance to the dragon head hill fortre.the gate was 157cm.the same height as zheng chenggong.so if you are taller than that you need to bow,just as if you were showing respect this great person. ok，let’s go out the memory hall now.though the peak of sunlight rock is not very high,only 92.7 meters above sea level,but it will give you a fine view below and beyond ,a scenic that generously and candidly unwinds before you .now i cant wait to take you to the top and show you the beautiful panoramic view of xiamen.please watch your step while you are climbing the stairs.篇三：导游词 全中英对照 181页——203页

峰——莲花峰，海拔1864米。

在天都峰与莲花峰之间，可以看到一片黄墙红顶的房子，那就是“玉屏楼”，其所在的山峰名为玉屏峰。玉屏峰被称为“黄山绝胜处”，有“人间玉屏，天上人家之称。著名的迎客松、送客松、陪客松以及黄山卧佛等都在这儿。 鳌鱼峰

在我们面前的这座山峰是鳌鱼峰。你看，整个山峰犹如一条巨大的鳌鱼，头向左，尾向右。在鳌鱼的嘴前有三块小巧石，像三个螺蛳，因此组成“鳌鱼吃螺蛳”景观。在鳌鱼背上，有石如龟，向前探首，峰石结合，构成“鳌鱼驮金龟”的奇景。游览至此，黄山北海景区的景点便全部结束。谢谢大家! mount jiuhua (九华山) ladies and gentlemen， mount jiuhhua has 99 peaks surrounding its summit, shiwang peak, which is 1,342 meters high.mount jiuhua has a long history of religious culture, with taoism preceding buddhism.among the more than eighty temples still standing today, huacheng, ganlu, tiantai, and qiyuan temples, roushen hall, and zhantan froest are the best preserved.the architectural style is distinguished by its free and vivid design mixing buddhist temples and local residences in the mountain region.there are not only big temples of a grand scale and strict style, but also small quiet temples made up of one room and one hall. jiuhua street scenic area now we are walking on the jiuhua street．it is located in a spacious area at the foot of furong peak 600 meters，above sea level and surrounded by mountains，which serves as mount jiuhua?s reception center．temples，local residences，and shops are mixed together on jiuhua street，and monks，nuns，pilgrims，visitors and the local inhabitants wander around here all day． qiyuan temple we are now in the famous roushen hall．more than 1．200 years ago，the eminent monk jin qiaojue used to chant sutra and sit in meditation on shenguang ridge．when he died，he sat in a vat and was placed in nantai．as the ground shone magically，it was renamed shenguang (magic shine) ridge．three years later，the vat was opened．his body was still soft，his face was still lively and his bones sounded clearly when shaken.as the buddhist sutra showed，he was the reincarnation of buddha，so he was honored ksitigarbha and a high hall and a wooden pagoda were built to protect him，which was named roushen (incarnation) hall．the structure of a pagoda inside a hall, a vat inside the pagoda，and an incarnated body inside the vat is unique. tiantai scenic area we?ve arrived at tiantai scenic area.tiantai scenic areas is situated southeast of mount jiuhua where most of the high peaks gather.tiantai peak is 1,325 meters high, making it a little lower than shiwang peak.but it is always been regarded as the center of the high peaks because of its many scenic sights and ancient temples.starting from minyuan to tiantai, you?ll enjoy various magnificent views one by one as you climb higher and higher. tiantai temple tiantai temple now is in our sights.it is also called wanfo building and ksitigarbha buddhist temple and has three parts.first you?ll enter the maitreya buddha hall, then the hall of the three sages in the western world，at last the grand hall.now，please look up，you can see on the wooden ceiling, thousands of small buddhist figurines are lined with various vivid expreions．the temple has no outside yards，but is still spacious and bright，due to its special design．on the rock at the corner of the hall is a big footprint which is paired with one on another peak，the east cliff．they were the holy prints left by jin qiaojue when he took off striding over the two peaks．the big drum was presented in 1982 by the pious buddhist believers in kowloon， hong kong．

各位朋友，大家好! 沐浴着清晨的阳光，我们将前往九华山风景区游览。我先简单介绍一下九华山风景区的概况。九华山位于安徽省青阳县西南，景色秀奇，古刹林立，是以佛教文化为特色的山岳风

景区，中国四大佛教名山之一。

九华山群峰林立，高高低低的山峰围绕着海拔1342米的主峰十王峰，犹如儿孙绕膝，老少欢聚。九华山宗教活动历史悠久，其道教在先，佛教更盛。现存寺庙80多座，其中被列为国家重点保护的有化成寺、祗园寺、肉身宝殿、旃檀林、甘露寺、天台寺等。其建筑形式很有特色，大部分以佛教殿堂与皖南民居相结合，依山傍势，布局灵巧，既有规模宏大 的殿宇，也有一舍一佛堂的清净小庵。

大家可能都知道，九华山佛教以地藏道场而闻名。据古迹记载，唐代开元年间，古新罗国(今朝鲜半岛)王族近属金乔觉渡海来华，在九华山苦修, 于贞元十年(公元764年)夏99岁时圆寂。佛教界以他生前苦行，寂后形迹与经典所载地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，在神光岭上建墓安葬，九华山自此被辟为地藏应化道场，香火日盛。这里每年定期举行庙会，一般都要持续10天，已经成为了全国性的旅游项目，为海内外游人香客所欢迎。因为时间的关系，我们主要游览九华街和天台景区。

九华街景区

现在我们正走在九华街上。九华街位于芙蓉峰下海拔600米的开阔地带，四面环山，是九华山的接待中心。这里是佛国，也是街市，寺庙、民宅、商店交错分布，一条环形小街，终日人来人往，有僧尼，有香客，有游人，还有当地的普通居民，他们各行其是，既清静又热闹。

祗园寺

大家现在看到的这座寺院是祗园寺，又名祗园禅寺，初建于明代，是九华山唯一的宫殿式完整寺庙，但整个建筑并不像宫殿那样取中轴线对称形式，而是曲曲折折，连寺门也偏向一边。大家先请看寺前的浮雕莲花甬道，上面刻有古钱币图案，表现了僧人对虚无缥缈的“七宝莲池”琉璃世界的憧憬，象征着释迦牟尼的圣迹。进入寺门后，请看两边：两尊金刚居于左右，一哼一哈，令人生畏。中间是灵官护法，他额生竖眼，手执长鞭，显示出他的职责和佛法不可侵犯。灵官本是道教的神仙，为什么来到了九华山呢?传说有一天地藏的护法神韦驮外出巡山，来了个不信佛的状元，用钢针朝地藏的腿上扎去，看看是不是真身。一扎果然流出血水，那状元便急忙下山去了。待韦驮回来问明情由后，不顾地藏的劝阻，偷偷下山追到五溪桥，一鞭打死了状元。地藏为此十分生气，逐走了韦驮，请来了灵官。至今，五溪桥头仍有“状元坟”遗迹作为这个传说的佐证。

肉身宝殿

大家现在来到的是著名的肉身宝殿。1200多年前，高僧金乔觉常到神光岭上诵经，晏坐。唐贞元十年(公元794年)，金乔觉圆寂，依浮屠之法，坐殓缸内，安置于南台（西岭）。因当时地发神光，此地便改名为神光岭了。三年后开缸，其遗体绵软，颜貌如生，撼其骨节有金锁般响声，以佛经所示，乃菩萨应世，遂立三级小浮屠供奉，尊为地藏王菩萨，以后又外筑高殿，木塔宠护。肉身殿在九华山的庙宇中，可谓是最具特色的建筑了，这“殿中有塔，塔中有缸，缸中有肉身”的结构实属罕见。

天台景区 我们现在已经进入天台景区。天台景区位于九华山的东南方，以登高览盛为特色，九华高峰多汇于此。天台峰海拔1325米，略低于十王峰，但这里景观荟萃，古寺重重，历来被视作九华高峰的中心。我们由闵园上天台，一步一景，越上越奇。

天台寺

现在映入我们眼帘的是天台寺，俗称万佛楼，又名地藏禅林。于明代初年兴建，清代光绪年间重修。天台寺第一进是弥勒殿，第二进是西方三圣殿，第三进是大雄宝殿即万佛楼。大家请抬头看，殿宇的木梁上密密麻麻地排列着万尊小佛像，千姿百态，栩栩如生。该寺一无院落，二五天井，却宽敞明亮，足见设计者颇费匠心。殿角小门的岗头上有一巨大脚印，

与东崖上的正好是一对，那是金乔觉腾空跨两峰时留下的圣迹。1982年，香港九龙的信士向天台寺捐献了一只大鼓，天台的钟声鼓声便传遍了九华山的峰峰岭岭。

到此，今天的行程就全部结束。非常感谢大家，祝愿大家旅途愉快! ancient villages in southern anhui province (皖南古村落) ladies and gentlemen， today，we are going to pay a visit to xidi and hongcun villages．now，id like to briefly introduce these two well-known scenic attractions．xidi and hongcun villages are good examples of southern anhui province?s culture and its unique ancient villages．they and other such ancient villages have their regional and cultural origins in the region south of the yangtze river and poe special huizhou cultural features．xidi village has been reputed as “a living ancient residential museum”, while hongcun village is described as “china?s picturesque village．both were added to unesco?s list of world cultural heritage sites in 2000． xidi village xidi village is in southeast yixian county，anhui province，with 300 ancient houses built in the ming and qing dynasties，124 of which are in perfect condition．the design of the streets and lanes and other houses follows the older pattern，maintaining the village?s ancient style of life and architecture．foreign experts have declared that “they are the finest examples of ancient residences under best protection and preservation” and are among the most beautiful villages in the world.” xidi village extends 700 meters from east to west and 300 meters from north to south，giving it the shape of a large boat．the village first became prominent during the ming dynasty jingtai emperors reign and became highly prosperous from the reign of the ming dynasty jiajing emperor to the qing dynasty qianlong emperors reign．this prosperity was due to the efforts of high-ranking officials and succeful merchants．yet，the strict hierarchy of feudal society was also shown in the construction of residence．the merchants could only choose the best materials and plan most sophisticated workmanship to show off their wealth and position．in xidi village，we c an see many examples of fine stone，brick，and wood carvings． the archway of hu wenguang the prefectural governor mansion of the senior 0fficial we are now visiting the mansion where the senior official，hu wenzhao once lived in．it was built in 1619 during the early qing dynasty and has a unique feature—a delicate and elegant pavilion extends from the upright wall close to the street．the pavilion hangs there，with a flying-up roof and up-turned eaves and has rails and windows along three sides．originally, it was used for landscape-appreciation．but later，people used it for silk-ball-throwing，a local practice for matching-making between young man and young woman．such practice is often described in dramas and novels，as those young ladies of rich and decent families could only arbitrarily decide their marriage by throwing silk-ball to anyone who caught it.this was done because it was hard for such ladies to choose among so many suitors.you can now also take part in this activity and have a bit of fun doing so. hongcun village now we are in hongcun village.hongcun village was designed and constructed in the shape of a buffalo.if seen on a higher place, the whole village is like a buffalo lying beside the stream.a hillock in the west stands like a buffalo?s head; with two big trees as tow horns; four stone bridges acro jiyang river are like the four legs of the buffalo; the blocks of ancient houses in the village make up the body; while a 1,000 meter long stream winding among the houses is just like the bowel of the buffalo; a pond in the shape of a half-moon is the stomach, and a larger pool in the south of the village is the belly of the buffalo.the local people used their intelligence and diligence to design and construct such a buffalo-shape village. chengzhi tang (ambition hall) now we are in the center of the courtyard, and here chengzhi tang?s main hall.the door frame and porch are decorated with wood and brick carvings of vases, ancient plum flowers, the eight immortals, and the like.on the two sides of the gate there are the carvings of “carp jumping over the dragon gate”, symbolizing the owner?s political ambitions after his succe in the busine world. 西递村

西递村位于安徽省黟县东南，村中300幢民居绝大多数是明清时修建，保存完好的有124幢，街巷布局依然如故，风貌古朴，被国外一些建筑专家誉为“世界上保护完好的古民居建筑群”、“世界上最美的村镇”。

西递村东西长700米，南北宽300米，平面呈船形。它发展于明朝景泰年间，明嘉靖至清乾隆时期达到鼎盛。西递之所以兴旺，主要是因为村中屡出高官和富商，聚集了大量的财富，有了较雄厚的经济基础。但是在封建社会，建筑府第宅院是有严格的等级规范的，徽商只能尽可能的选用上好的石头、木材，在精雕细刻上下功夫，并以此作为炫耀财富和地位的手段。所以在西递，精美的石雕、砖雕、木雕随处可见。篇四：鼓浪屿导游词中英文 各位团友：

大家好！今天我们游览“海上花园”鼓浪屿。

现在我们的车行驶在中山路上。中山路是厦门目前最繁华的商业街，它建于20世纪二三十年代，又是一条老街，街旁建筑为骑楼式（将楼的下层部分做成柱廊式人行道，使楼层的一部分跨建在人行道上，用以避雨、遮阳、通行，故名骑楼），这是厦门一大特色。中国南方城市和东南亚国家的城市多有这种驶楼。这主要是考虑到厦门地处亚热带，有时阳光照射强烈，风雨交加，行人可以在骑楼下防晒避雨，自由行走，随意购物。中山路是厦门的主要商业街，也是厦门的文明街，品种繁多齐全，国货、洋货均有。 each regiment friend: hello, everyone!we sight-seed drum wave island insea garden today. our garages drive now at in hill path.medium the hill path is xiamen currently the most prosperous busine street, it sets up in 20 centuries 23, and then is an old street, the street constructs for the arcade type(make the bottom layer part of building into the pillar gallery type sidewalk, make floor of a part acro to set up on the sidewalk, seek shelter from rain, hide sun and go through in order to, past arcade) beside, this is one great special features in xiamen.the city of chinese southern city and nation in southeast asia has this kind of more to drive building.this mainly is in consideration of ground in xiamen subtropics, sometimes the sunlight project light upon mightine, the rains and winds hand over to add, the pedestrian can defend to bask to seek shelter from rain under the arcade, running about freely, at will shopping.medium the hill path is the main busine street of xiamen, is also the civilization street of xiamen, the species is numerous well-found, the native product, ocean goods all has. 各位团友，渡船时间约为六分钟，下面我向大家简单介绍鼓浪屿。看，对面的小岛就是鼓浪屿，这条江叫鹭江，也叫厦鼓海峡，宽600米。鼓浪屿面积1.78平方公里，人口1.9万。宋元时期称“圆沙州”，明肛始称鼓浪屿。因岛的西南海边有一块大岩石，长年累月被海浪冲出一个大洞，每逢潮涨，海浪扑打岩洞，发出如擂鼓的声音，所以人们叫它为“鼓浪石”，小岛也就叫鼓浪屿了。现为国家重点风景名胜区，是福建旅游景区“十佳”之首。

各位团友，码头到了，这个码头是1976年新建的，以前的码头很小，是1938年建的。这里原来是西方列强贩卖中国劳工出洋乘船的地方，大家看过《海囚》这部电影吧，那“海囚”就是从个码头乘船出发的。为解决乘船拥挤的问题，建了这个“钢琴码头”。因为鼓浪屿是“音乐之岛”，要使游人一跳上鼓浪屿就接触到音乐的气氛围，大家看这是不是有点像张开的三角钢琴！ each regiment friend, ferry time about is six minutes, below i introduce a drum wave island in brief toward everyone.see, the opposite islet is a drum wave island, this river calls 鹭 river, also call 厦 drum straits, the breadth is 600 meters.the drum wave island area is 1.78 square kilometers, population 19,000.sung dollar is period to call circle sand state, the clear anus starts to call a drum wave island.because the southwest seaside of island contain a piece of and big rock, the regularly tired month is rushed out a big hole by the wave, every time round the tide rise, th e wave rushes toward to beat mountain cave, sending out such as the voice of 擂 drum, so people call it asdrum wave stone, islet also call drum wave island.now for the country house the point scenery famous spot area is fukien to travel the head of the view areaten good. 各位团友，豉浪屿除了少量观光电瓶车外，没有其他车辆，在岛上步行别有情趣。现在我们一边走一边观赏鼓浪屿欧陆建筑的风采吧！

这是英国领事管，建于1844年和1870年，已经150多年历史了。1840年，英国发动鸦片战争，它的远征军开到厦门海面，与厦门守军发生激战，结果英军战败退去。1841年8月，英国30艘军舰3500余人再次进犯厦门，经激战，厦门和鼓浪屿陷落，厦门被占领10天，英军撤退时留下军舰3艘、军队500人强占鼓浪屿达5年之久。中英《南京条约》允许英国人在鼓浪屿“暂居”。1843年，英国首先在鼓浪屿设立领事馆，首任领事就是攻打厦门的海军舰长。1844年第二任领事建了这幢领事楼。可领事虽住在这里，却强占厦门的最高行政机关“兴泉水海防备道”道署办公，前后达20年。这是1870年建的新办公楼，落地门窗，一副英国模样，内部装饰相当豪华，但有6间囚室。楼前的一座狮狗墓，那是领事爱犬死后特意建造的，1957年被砸毁，墓旁立有一根钢管旗杆，已废倒。 each regiment friend, 豉 wave island in addition to a little amount sightseeing electric cell car there are no other vehicles outside, dont have interesting aspect on foot on the island.now we are walking and appreciating the elegant appearance of six buildings in the drum wave island europe! this is the british consul tube, setting up in 1844 and 1870, already more than 150 calendars history.in 1840, england launches opium war, its expedition soldier arrives sea surface in xiamen, guarding soldier occurrence with xiamen to arouse a war, the result british army loses war to draw off.1841 august, 30 more than 3500 persons of warship in england enter to make xiamen again, through arouse war, xiamen and drum wave island to fall, xiamen is captured for 10 days, the british army retreats leave warship 3, troops 500 people are strong to have a drum wave an island to reach to for long 5 years.chinese and english 《nanking treaty 》allow british in the drum wave islandreside temporary.in 1843, england establishes consulate at the drum wave island first, the head term consul is navys warship which strikes against xiamen to grow.the second consul set up this consul building in 1844.can although the consul live here, strong has the cheerful spring coastal defense have a way of the tallest administration organization in xiamen a way an office to transact, reach to in front and back for 20 years.this is in 1870 to set up o f transact building lately, fall to the ground doors and windows, one vice- british shape, the inner part adornment is very luxurious, but has 6 jailbirds rooms.a lion dog last home that is before the building, that is what consul love dog is clay-cold idea constructs especially, 1957 is hit to ruin, the last home signs a steel pipe flagpole beside, having already discarded to pour. 日光岩

各位团友：

这是日光岩寺新修的山门，让我们先看前方巨石上的三幅石刻，这好像一个人写的，其实是三人所书。“鼓浪洞天”是明万历年间（1573年）泉州同知丁一中写，已经400多年了，是日光岩上最早的题刻；“鹭江第一”是清代道进士林缄所写，也有100多年了；“天风海涛”是民国4年（1915年）福建巡按使许世英写的。在如此高大的石头上凌空崖刻，气魄很大。 sunlight rock each regiment friend: this lately- fixed gate to a monastery of the that day light rock temple, let us see three sculpture carvingses of front megalith first, this seems what a person write, is three people in fact the book.drum wave hole day is clear ten thousand the spring state knows d together through the years a medium write, already more than 400 years, the that day light rock top earliest engraves;鹭 river the first is manchu dynasty way enters 缄 in shihlin write, also have for more than 100 years;day breeze sea waves is what year 4 of the republic of china(1915) fukien cruise pre make a life time english to write.soar to the skies a precipice to engrave on the thus high and big rock, the boldne of vision is very big. 各位团友，日光岩寺原名莲花庵，是厦门四大名庵之一，实际是一石洞，以石为顶，故又叫“一片瓦”，始建于明代正德年间，万历十四年（1586年）重建。因为每天凌晨，朝阳从厦门五老峰后升起，莲花庵最先沐浴在阳光里，因此得名“日光寺”。又传说当年顾成功来到晃岩（日光岩的别称），看到这里景色远胜过日本的日光山，便把“晃”字拆开，称为日光岩。日光寺屡毁屡建，清同治年间，建圆明展，祀弥勒。1917年建大雄宝殿。解放后，圆明殿改成念佛堂。改革开放后，落实宗教政策，日光寺得到政府的扶持，接受海内外十方善信的捐赠，大兴土木，翻修了大雄宝殿，新建了山门、钟鼓楼、旅游平台、法堂、僧舍、小卖部和膳堂，寺庙焕然一新。日光寺是一座精巧玲珑袖珍式的寺庙，大雄殿、弥陀殿对合而设，是全国唯一的。由于环境优越，历代高僧不断，著名的弘一法师1936年曾在这里闭方便关8个月。

each regiment friend, sunlight rock temple original lotus 庵 is four one of the name 庵 in xiamen, is one stone cave physically, take stone as a crest, past again callone tile, start to set up in ming dynasty just virtuous year, ten thousand the 历s rebuild for 14 years(1586).everyday dawn, the dynasty sun is from five old 峰s in xiamen behind rise, the lotus 庵 earliest 沐 bathes in the sunlight, therefore getting sunlight temple.again fabulous that year attend to succefully arrive at to sway a rock(the sunlight rock dont call), see here the landscape is by long odds to le ad japan of sunlight mountain, thensway a word to tear open, be called a sunlight rock.the sunlight temple ruins often to set up often, pure cure an of year together, set up a clear exhibition, 祀弥勒 .set up a big male treasure palace in 1917.after relieving, the circle clear palace changes say prayer to buddha a hall.the reform carries out a religious policy after opening, the sunlight temple gets a supporting of government, accepting the outside of the world the endowment of ten square and kind letters, building many new buildings, overhauling a big male treasure a palace, setting up gate to a monastery, clock drum building, the tour terrace, method hall, monk to give up, small shop lately with food hall, the temples has a brand-new look.the sunlight temple is a temples of type with lovely and pocketsized choicene, the big male palace, amitabha palace establishes towards matching but, is the whole country is unique.because the environment is superior, in the past monk of high renown continuously, the 弘 of the 著 a master once shut convenience to close here for 8 months in 1936. 毓园

各位团友：

现在我们来到毓园。毓轩是林巧稚大夫的纪念园。林巧稚，1901年出生在鼓浪屿，1929年毕业于北京协和医科大学，由于成绩优秀，被留在协和工作，1983年4月22日在北京逝世，终年83岁。

各位团友，这里展示了林大夫平凡而又伟大的一生。这些实物都是她生前用过的，这些照片是她学习、工作、生活和参加社会活动的记录，这些是她的著作、论文和各种证书。从这些实物、照片、资料中我们可以看到林大夫对工作极端认真负责的态度，对同志特别是对婴儿、母亲的赤诚热爱，这都是值得我们后人学习。

各位团友，游览鼓浪屿到此全部结束了。各位如还有兴趣，可以挤出时间，到环岛路走走，欣赏一下大海的风韵和欧陆建筑的风采，也可深入小巷，听的别墅里流出的钢琴奏鸣声，增加厦门之旅的文化内涵。谢谢各位的合作。

毓 park each regiment friend: we arrive at a 毓 park now.the 毓轩 is a wood 巧稚 the memorial park of the doctor.wood 巧稚 , was born an island at the drum wave in 1901, graduate from peking to help with medicine department university in 1929, because of result excellent, is stayed be helping with work, pa away in peking on april 22,1983, whole year round 83 years old. each regiment friend, the tour drum wave island arrives this all is over.everyone if still have interest, can extrude time, go to wreath island the road walk, appreciate the charm and europe of ocean six building of elegant appearance, can also go deep into an alley, listen to of run off in the villa of the piano play a 鸣 voice, increasing the cultural content of the trip of xiamen.many thanks to the everyones cooperation.篇五：导游词中英文综合 第一篇 景点模拟讲解题

第一章 天安门及天安门广场

第一部分考试大纲

景点讲解题

题一：清明时期的天安门及天安门广场（天安门广场城楼;天安门前设施;“t”字形广场；文东武西；长安左门及长安右门；千步廊；大明门；正阳门）

讲解提示

第二个题的内容分布在同一个平面上，没有固定的线路把景点串起来，所以讲解时应设定一个恰当的位置，顺序讲解，以免杂乱无章。

第二部分模拟讲解词

中文范例

题一：清明时期的天安门及天安门广场

各位游客大家好！

现在我们所在的位置时天安门城楼上，好，就让我站在这里向大家介绍一下清明时期的天安门及天安门广场吧。

天安门在明朝时称“承天门”，取意“承天启运，受命于天”之意，天安门建成于明永乐十八年，明朝末年毁于战火，到清朝重建后，改名“天安门”，取“受命于天，安邦治国”之意。

天安门占地4800平方米，由城台和城楼组成，通高33.7米，在1970年重修的时候增高了1米，现在为34.7米，城台下全部是汉白玉须弥座，这是我国最高等级的基座。城楼为重檐歇山顶，顶上覆盖黄色琉璃瓦，大典的红漆玉柱有60根，地面铺的金砖由苏州、宁夏等地运来，处处显示着皇家的威严。 天安门是明清两朝皇城的正门，天安门城楼的左云非常重要，明清时期凡遇皇帝登基，册立皇后，册立太子，将士出征等，都要在天安门城楼上举行隆重的颁诏礼。明代颁诏时，用一根龙头杆系彩绳顺墙而下。清代颁诏时，在天安门正中设颁诏台，宣诏后，众官员行三跪九叩礼，宣召官将诏书放在一个镀金雕云状的“朵云”盘内，然后来到城楼正中，将诏书用黄丝线悬系在一个木雕金凤的口中，金凤口衔诏书徐徐而下，好想天子帝王之命由金凤乘云朵自天空二降落到人间。礼部官员仍用朵云盘楼乘诏书，仿佛龙亭后送到礼部，由礼部将诏书印好，颁行天下。这一整个过程被称为“金凤颁诏”。 请大家往城楼下看，在天安门城楼钱对着5个门洞，有5座汉白玉石桥，叫做金水桥。正中最宽的一座名为御路桥，是供皇帝出入专用的；其东西两侧的量座桥为皇族桥，是专供皇亲国戚们通行的桥；再两侧的桥为品级桥，只有三品以上的大臣才可以通过。那讲到这里可能有朋友要问了，死拼一下的官员和士兵、杂役从哪里通行呢？在太庙和社稷坛南大门前分别各有一座桥，叫公生桥，这两座桥就是专供四品一下官员、兵弁和杂役行走的通道。

再来看，天安门前有两对雕刻于明永乐年间的汉白玉石狮，他们分别位于外金水河南北两岸，东侧的都是雄狮脚踏绣球，寓意一同寰宇；西侧的都是雌狮脚踩幼狮，寓意子孙绵延。两对石狮的头部都外向内侧，表示保卫御路。 请大家看这个方向，有一对象石柱一样的陈设物，大家知道他们叫什么名字吗？对了，叫华表。华表在中国有这悠久的历史。相传，在原始社会的尧舜禹时代就已有此物，但是叫“诽谤木”，这诽谤木各位

世纪兴培训学校预祝您考试成功！ 可别误会，这不是无限别人的意思，而是为征求民众的意见而设于路边的木桩，让百姓对官吏发辫评论，提出看法，以示居住虚心纳谏。此外，华表还曾被作为路标。随着时代的发展，这类表木举荐失去了它原来的意义和作用，演变成了一种纯粹的装饰物，成了宫殿建筑艺术的一个组成部分。天安门城楼前的这对立于明成化元年（1465）的汉白玉华表，每座华表高约10米，重达20吨。华表由三部分组成底部是围绕有护栏的八角形台座；中间柱身上雕有盘龙和朵云，柱头横插云板；顶部呈露盘上有一尊兽，俗称“望天犼”。据说这小动物非常灵异，能提醒帝王们勤政。大家看，这两只面朝南德犼是有名字的，叫“望君归”，意思是提醒皇帝不要在外面留恋青山秀水，不思国事，盼望国军早日归政，其实，在天安门城楼的北侧，也有一对这样的华表，而城楼北侧的犼是面朝北，为什么呢？因为这里的犼叫“望君出”，意思是提醒皇帝，不要沉迷于花天酒地，醉生梦死的生活，要走出宫去，去体察民情，希望国君走出去看一看。 我们眼前的天安门广场，在明清时期可没有现在这么大，那时的广场石封闭的“t”字型广场，“t”字的一横就是我们今天的长安街，旧称“天街”，是颁诏是官员们跪听的地方。在天街的东边有长安左门，俗称“龙门”西边有长安右门，俗称“虎门”“t”。子的那一竖就是从现在的国旗杆钱到毛主席纪念堂的这一条长形区域，称作“御路”。在御路的东西两侧，有千步廊，是南北方向通脊联檐廊房，各110间，天街两侧各有34间，总共有288间。千步廊是在民国初年被拆除的。

在广场东西两侧t形广场外事按文东武西的格局分布着当时的政府机关。东侧明代设有吏部、户部、礼部、兵部、工部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监、太医院等，清代增设了翰林院；西侧大体是武职和司法机关所在地。明代设有五军都督府、锦衣卫、太常寺等，清代改设銮仪卫、大理寺、刑部、通政司、都察院等。

大家看，在现在毛主席纪念堂的位置，是明代的“大明门”，清代城“大清门”的地方.民国元年改为中华门。1958年修建天安门广场时拆除，1976年在此建造了毛主席纪念堂。 在大明门的南侧，是正阳门城楼和正阳门箭楼，“正阳”二字的取“圣主当阳,日至中天，玩过瞻仰”的意思。在明清时期，正阳门还包裹瓮城、瓮城内的关帝庙和观音庙、瓮城前的正阳桥与五牌楼，他们共同构成北京内城城南一组壮观的建筑群。其中城楼高40.36米，箭楼设有箭窗94个，是内城最高大雄伟的城楼和箭楼。1900年八国联军入侵北京的时候被炮火击毁，此后分别在1901年和1960年重修正阳门城楼和正阳门箭楼。

在正阳门和大明门之间，有一个小广场，被称作棋盘街。棋盘街南连正阳门，北接大明门，东、西分别通往东江米巷（东郊民巷）和江西米巷（西交民巷）。因为在明朝和清朝的时候，平民百姓是不准从皇城中间穿行的，所以棋盘街就成了当时北京东、西城老百姓来往的交通要道。

以上就是我给大家介绍的昔日的天安门和天安门广场，希望我的讲解能使大家对天安门和天安门广场的过去有一点点的了解。谢谢。

题二：今日天安门广场

各位朋友大家好！ 现在呢，我们来到了天安门广场，我先为大家做一个简单的介绍：天安门广场时目前世界上最大的城市中心广场，他位于北京市区的中心。天安门广场呈长方形，南北长880米，东西宽500米，总面积44旺平方米。如果人们肩并肩地站在广场上，整个广场可容纳100万人。

在天安门广场的四周，有很多著名的建筑，现在我为大家以顺时针方向做一个简单介绍，就让我们从广场西侧的人民大会堂开始吧！人民大会堂位于天安门广场西侧，整座建筑平面呈“山”字形，中央最高

世纪兴培训学校预祝您考试成功！

处46.5米，是现在广场中的最高建筑。整个大会堂由三部分组成：南部为全国人大常委会办公楼，其中包括以我国34个省、直辖市、自治区、特别行政区命名的会议厅。中部为万人大会堂。北端是国宴大厅，可供5000分的坐其他席宴会或1万人的酒会，是我国最大的宴会厅。整座建筑自设计到完工只用了10个月，是我国建筑史上的奇迹。 在广场的北端是大家都很熟悉的天安门城楼，它是新中国的象征，就是在天安门城楼上，1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界庄严宣告，“中华人民共和国成立了！中国人民从此站起来了！”

好，我们再往广场的南端看，在人民英雄纪念碑的南面是毛主席纪念堂，原来在哪里曾有一座门，明代叫大明门，清代叫大清门，民国时又改为中华门，解放后拆除。1976年毛主席逝世后在其基址上建起了庄严肃穆的毛主席纪念堂。纪念堂建成于1977年，用时仅6个月，于1977年9月9日毛主席逝世周年时正式对外开放。毛主席纪念堂总建筑面积2.8万平方米，全楼共两层，一楼分为三个部分：北大厅是举行纪念活动的场所，大厅中央为汉白玉雕刻的3米多高的毛主席坐像，坐像背后的墙上悬挂一幅描绘祖国山河的巨型绒绣。纪念堂的核心部分是瞻仰堂，正中安防着黑色花岗岩棺床，棺床上的水晶棺中安放着毛主席遗体，遗体上覆盖中国共产党党旗，供人们凭吊、瞻仰、表达深深地敬意。南大厅别面的汉白玉墙壁上，镌刻着毛泽东手书体的诗词《满江红*和郭沫若同志》。纪念堂耳聋为毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、邓小平等老一辈无产阶级革命家的纪念室。 广场的正中，巍巍耸立着中国第一碑——人民英雄纪念碑。他是为纪念自1840年至解放战争期间，在反对国内外名族解放和人民自由幸福的历次斗争中牺牲了的人民英雄而建立的，也是中国自古以来规模最大的纪念碑。纪念碑通高约38米，分为三个部分：碑顶、碑身、碑座。碑顶是中国传统的建筑形式盝顶。碑身由413块花岗岩垒砌成，分为正面和背面。正面是朝北的一面，上面刻有“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个字，为毛泽东题写；背面是抄南德一面，碑文是由毛泽东撰写，周恩来手书，内容是：“三年以来在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄永垂不朽！由此上溯到一千八百四十年从那时起为了反对内外敌人争取民族独立和人民自由幸福的历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽！”碑文以紫铜为胎，用黄金130两镶嵌在花岗岩碑芯上，碑芯14.7米高，重达60多吨。

碑座由两层月台和两层须弥座构成，下层须弥座四周镶嵌着10幅汉白玉浮雕，从纪念碑的东侧开始，内容按历史顺序依次为：“虎门销烟”、“金田起义”、“武昌起义”、“五四运动”、“五卅运动”、“南昌起义”、“抗日战争”、“胜利渡江”。在“胜利渡江”的两侧有两块装饰性浮雕，内容为“支援前线”和“欢迎人民解放军”。全部浮雕共有180个人物，概括了我国100多年的历史。上层小须弥座四周雕刻有由牡丹、荷花、菊花、百合花组成的8个花圈。 天安门广场时中国近代革命的见证人，反帝反封建的五四运动、“三*一八惨案”、“一二*九运动”都发生在这里。天安门广场也是新中国诞生的见证人，更是今天人民幸福生活的见证人。现在，它已被全国人民评为“中国第一景”，每天都有来自海内外的朋友们到此参观游览。

各位朋友，我们现在来到国旗杆前，大家应该知道，天安门广场每天都有升降旗仪式，自从我国于1991 世纪兴培训学校预祝您考试成功！

年颁布了《国旗法》后，仪式有了新的规定，分为平日和节日两种。逢国家重要庆典或每月1日举行节日升（降）旗仪式。届时升旗现场都有军乐队员现场演奏国歌，国旗护卫队和军乐队共有官兵96人，象征捍卫祖国960万平方公里的土地。整个升旗的过程持续2分零7秒，奏3遍国歌。平日升降旗仪式只有36名国旗护卫队官员执行仪仗任务，仪式进行时播放国歌录音。那可能有人会问了，每天的升降旗时间是怎么解决的呢？其实，国旗升降时间是依据每天日出和日落时间来确定的。每天早晨，当太阳的上部边缘与天安门广场的地平线相切时，就是升旗的时间;到了傍晚，当太阳的上部边缘与天安门广场的地平线相切时，就是降旗的时间。 这里是在天安门前留影的最佳地点，请各位拍下这难忘的一刻，好，朋友们，天安门及广场，我就讲到这里，请各位自由参观，30分钟后我们在纪念碑北侧集合，谢谢。

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