西安英文导游词（精选多篇）

发布时间：2020-04-05 02:49:23 来源：导游词收藏本文下载本文手机版

推荐第1篇：西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙又称西安明城墙，是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAA级旅游景区。广义的西安城墙包括西安唐城墙和西安明城墙，但一般特指狭义上的西安明城墙。下面是小编带来的西安城墙景点导游词，希望可以帮到大家。西安城墙英文导游词篇一

China has hundreds of ancient city wall, which with the biggest scale of ancient city wall in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi\'an, but Beijing, the ancient city wall of Nanjing has been destroyed or badly damaged, and was founded in the year 1370 of ancient city wall of Xi\'an so far are still intact.Japanese Emperor\'s visit to Xian, put \"the eighth wonder of the world,\" Qin terracotta pit can not, they boarded the 600 years ago Westgate tower built in the, a taste of the ancient city wall majestic appearance.Please follow me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi\'an.

For visitors, these days we have been in the garage or enjoy the sunset in the dawn of the ancient city walls are colorful and ancient deep.Now we come to the foot of the wall, please go to the city wall tour.

Fellow tourists, then the city wall of Xi\'an in the end how much it.Its structure is how? According to estimates, Xi\'an city wall circumference of 11.9 kilometers, the east wall 2590 meters, west wall 2631.2 meters, south wall 3441.6 meters, north wall 3241 meters.Such a scale is relatively rare at home and abroad.

We saw the walls built outside the four guard gates of the town, called the urn.The so-called urn, meaning for the enemy once inside, will be the Barbican wall above the attack from all sides, like bottled up, unable to escape.Wengcheng also built a guard in the town, called the goat horse.Ancient gate Kai has closed the stipulated time, shut the gate after has not been returned to town can be together with holding his sheep, drive the horses into the sheep in Oklahoma City and modern city park area rest, waiting to open the gates to the city.Xi\'an city has been completely destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty in sheep.Remember in 1986 in Xi\'an City Andingmen (Simon) Barbican outside the north about 17.5 meters place found sheep Oklahoma City on the north side of the doorway, 5.5 meters long, 2.4 meters wide.Now we can see the gate Wengcheng lateral repaired sheep Macheng, wall 198 meters long, 9.5 meters high.

西安城墙景点英文导游词篇二

Xi\'an is located in the downtown area, rectangular, wall 12 meters high, 18 meters wide at the bottom, top width of 15 meters, 2590 meters long west east wall, south wall wall of 2631.2 meters long, 3441.6 meters long, the north wall is 3241 meters long, the total circumference of 11.9 km.There are four gate: East Gate of Changle, Xi\'an door, South Yongning gate, north of the town, each of the Shing Mun are by the watchtower and the tower.

Xi\'an city wall is the Ming Dynasty the years in policy of Zhu Yuanzhang \"high walls, wide accumulate grain, slow the guidance of kings\" under, built on the basis of the Tang imperial.Completely around the \"defense\" strategy system is greater than the thickne of the wall height, solid as a mountain, the top of the wall and practicing sports can.Walls include moat, drawbridge, building gate, watchtower, is buildings, towers, fortrees, parapet, forts and other a series of military facilities.Since the completion of the wall after three major renovations.Longqing two years (1568), Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang Zhi presided over the restoration of Tucheng first into brick city; Qing Emperor Qianlong 46 years (1781), Shaanxi governor, Bi source host on the walls and towers were renovated; since 1983, in Shaanxi Province and Xi\'an Municipal People\'s Government of the city wall the large-scale renovation, construction has been the demolition of the east gate, north gate of the watchtower, on the South Gate building, suspension bridge, and built around the park, so that this ancient building glow in the old style, has become a tourist attraction for visitors in Xi\'an.

西安城墙英文导游词篇三

First of all we see is the moat, also called the \"moat\", it is the first line of defense to prevent the enemy attack.Acro the moat only channel is our immediate suspension.The bridge in the past by the soldiers guard the gates in charge, they obey the command timing lifting morning bell and evening drum -- reminders \".Once the war is coming, the bridge was high up, the whole city will become a closed fortre.Just a friend of mine asked where control of suspension bridge, this is what we are here to visit the gates of, the above is building gate, namely lift bridge between control.Shing Mun is a very important part of the defense facilities, so now, please follow me into the Shing Mun, to understand the walls of the other part of the.

In fact, the perfect gate is composed of gate building, floor, watchtower.We see the outside is a building gate, lifting its most important role is to control the suspension bridge, and also has the night watchman role.Gate building is two story mount structure, although the form is very simple, but has a decisive role.This is the two line of defense of the city.

In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.

The tall gate, the gate is the struggle between the two sides fighting the weak link, is also the ruler built defense key.Built in the Ming Dynasty wall, attaches great importance to the defense function of gate.Where they have a very high technological breakthrough, breaking the began in the Western Han Dynasty follows the 1500 year old \"lintel\" Gates, the biggest drawback is the fire attack, so there is \"gates of fire, disaster and later Fish\" story.Ming Dynasty city gate the coupons arch openings, can effectively resist incendiary attacks, so greatly improve the defense ability of the walls.Xi\'an city wall door from top to lower transverse hoop 9 width 15 cm of iron bars, the 1800 mushroom nailing, strengthen the intensity of the door leaf, make arrows cannot be launched into the door, so as to strengthen the attack against the gates of.This is the third line of the city wall.

We can see a few words Yongning gate gate.In the Ming city wall of Xi\'an East, West, North and south each have a city gate.South Gate, Yongning gate, mean south is Vulcan is located, is not to fire prayer, fires, eternal peace.East Gate of Changle gate, Hetuvidya capital city, Nanjing is located in the east of Xi\'an, the word \"Changle\" with prayer wish Daming Jiangshan million years is not bad, long happy desire.Simon to Andingmen, suggesting that western frontier Aetna Kangding.The north gate of ANN Town, northern frontier means long-term stability, not war.

Now we have to climb the wall, to feel his magnificent momentum.The bottom wall with lime, loe, glutinous rice juice and stir ramming, after drying, as hard as stone.The history of the wall had several repairs, two of the most famous.The first is in Ming Longqing 2002 (1568 AD), at the Shaanxi provincial governor Zhang worshiped at the bottom of the wall top surface and an external wall are package to build the brick make the walls look magnificent and majestic.During the reign of the Qing Dynasty, at the Shaanxi governor, Bi Yuan and the walls were large-scale maintenance, reinforcement, will brick package thickening, the laying of sea of plaster, and upgrading the drainage system.The top of the walls on the plane is a sea of plaster, it is raised the city soldiers puta will channel, with tabia bottom covered with two layers of bricks and into, can be convenient to the city traffic and prevent water infiltration.Sea of plaster from outside to inside is 5 degrees of inclination, the rain quickly into the city inside the gutters, effectively protect the wall are not immersed in water to protect the wall.Walls of each separated by 40 - 60 meters a sink.They masonry structure, attached on the inside walls, direct from the top of the wall to wall, communicated and ditches.Xi\'an city wall is preserved, the complete drainage system has played a significant role.

In order to ensure soldiers and chariot safe walking in the city, at the top of the wall built along the wall yu.In order to facilitate observation, and on the outer edge of the building wall.Square hole in the wall at the bottom of the eye is also called hanging out, a glimpse of soldiers shooting place.

A solid pier projecting along the outer wall called the Barbican, commonly known as navodon.On the wall a total of 98.The towers are 120 meters apart, the distance and the weapons of the past are related, the midpoint of 120 meters is 60 meters.

推荐第2篇：西安兵马俑导游词英文

西安兵马俑位于今陕西省西安市临潼区秦始皇陵以东1.5千米处的兵马俑坑内。如下小编就为大家收集了西安兵马俑导游词英文，欢迎阅读！

篇1：西安兵马俑导游词英文

Dear tourist friends:

Hello, welcome to the ancient city of Xi\'an.I am the tour guide for your trip to Xi\'an.My name is Chen.Everybody called me Chen guide.One of the first attractions is the world cultural heritage today we visit the Qin yong.The scenic spot is located in Xi\'an Lintong, it takes about forty minutes, when we get there, you can see in the Terracotta Army of qin.

Do you know the origin of the Qin Terracotta Army? The original in the previous dynasties, the emperor after the death of all the living dead, and later to the Qin Dynasty, a minister of the Qin Dynasty said: \"before is the living dead, this is not very appropriate for you, let the skilled craftsmen to build a made of clay that you nanzhengbeizhan, all conquering Army how?\" Qin Shihuang agreed that the idea was a good idea.In fact, it was not Qin Shihuang\'s nod to agree that there was no today\'s magnificent Qin Terracotta Army.

Well, we are now in the mausoleum of the Qin Shihuang.Please get off in turn.Terracotta Army is grand.Three pits have been excavated, a total area of nearly 2000 square meters, almost as big fifty basketball courts, a pit of Terracotta Army eight thousand.

Now we are in the No.1 pit.In three a pit, a pit is the largest, that is 230 meters long, 62 meters wide north-south, a total area of 1426 square meters; the pit of Terracotta Army is also up, more than 6000.On the top of the No.1 pit, a huge arched hall was built.We can walk into the hall in the tour should also visit carefully, Caution! Oh!

Please look at the tall, wearing Heguan, wearing armor, with a sword in hand, the general will go with head high and chest out.The look of the spirit, as soon as you see, is a long period of sand field and a heavy responsibility in the shoulder.There are many wonderful Samurai figurines, horse cavalry, commiion.These Terracotta Army a look different and wonderful, it is a feast for the eyes to see.

The Qin Terracotta Army is unique in the history of the ancient and modern sculpture.It\'s a vivid simulation arrangement, display the image of the Chinese nation powerful and heroic.

Dear tourist friends, the time has paed quickly, and the tour of the Qin Terracotta Army is also at the end of today.I wish you a pleasant journey.

篇2：西安兵马俑导游词英文

Visitors:

Hello, welcome to the Terracotta Army of Qin Dynasty.My name is Zhang Junwei.It is your tour guide.Everyone calls me Zhang guide.The Qin Terracotta Army was unearthed in Lintong, Xi\'an, China.

Visitors, we are now in the three pit Terracotta Army of Qin, Qin Terracotta Army grand scale, three pits have been excavated, a pit, things 230 meters long, 60 meters wide north-south, a total area of about 14260 square meters, it is the history of the world a great miracle.

Terracotta Army is not only large in size, but also in many types and distinct in personality.Study abroad network

Please look at these big men.Please gue what these figures are.Yes, they are strong, dreed in robes and armed with weapons.

Then continue to look at the cavalry figurines, careful observation, they wore a short pants, tight mouth pants, seemed to start at any time to kill.

No war, no mark, please look forward, a horse body strong, like the order, sakaisidi will embark on the journey, into the sky.

You see, this is known to the world the Terracotta Army of Qin, some nodded thoughtfully, as if her, considering how to defeat the enemy; some eagle-eyed, solemn, clear in the dark to unify the world pledged to fight; some clenched fists, ready to.

The tourists, I introduced so far, there are a variety of Terracotta Army there, please feel free to watch, but do not litter, do not take photos.

推荐第3篇：西安钟鼓楼英文导游词

西安鼓楼始建于明洪武十三年（公元1380年），比钟楼的建造时间稍早。鼓楼建于高大的长方形台基之上，台基下辟有高和宽均为6米的南北向券洞。以下是西安钟鼓楼英文导游词，欢迎借鉴！

西安钟鼓楼英文导游词

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

Today we will have three places to visit—the Bell Tower the Drum Tower and the City Well.First we come to the Bell Tower.The Bell Tower, a claical building with carved beams and painted rafters, has been served as the symbol of Xi’an.It stands in the center of the downtown area where the north street, the south street, the west street and the east street meet.And the tower house a huge bell which in ancient times was use to strike the time every morning.This is how the tower got its name.now it is an important historical monument in shaanxi Province.

The Bell tower was first built in Ying Xiang temple in 1384 during the Ming dynasty.It was moved to its present site in 1582 as a result of the city‘s expansion program.

Ladies and gentlemen, There is a story about the Bell Tower.It’s said that the first emperor of Ming dynasty , Zhu yuanzhang , he was born in a poor family.Both his parent died when he was young, and he had to live a hard life.Later, he went to a temple to become a monk.When he ascended the throne, he was afraid of being deposed by someone of “real dragon”.Therefore, he gave orders to build bell tower all over the county to repre the “dragon spirits”.Xi’an has been the imperial capital city since ancient times.So the “dragon spirits ” must be very strong here.That’s why the bell tower in Xi’an was not only built earlier, but also bigger than the other ones in the country.The base of the tower is 1,337.4 square meters in size, 8.6 meters high and 35.5 meters wide.It was laid with blue bricks all over.The whole building is 36 meters above ground.It is a brick-and –wood structure.The eaves are supported by colored “dou gong” a traditional structural system in which brackets are used to join columns and crobeams, the use of dou gong made the whole building firm and beautiful.

Well, next we will visit the Drum Tower nearly.

The Drum Tower stands 500 meters to the northwest of the Bell Tower.It was built in 1380.There used to be a huge drum in the tower, which told the time at dark, and that is how the tower got its present name.Besides marking the time, the drum was also used to give warnings to people in times of war.The base of The Drum Tower is 1,924 square meters in size, and 34 meters in height.It was built with blue bricks.The Drum Tower has a rectangular shape and shows tier and the outside eaves are decorated with networks of wood arches.

At last, we will visit the famous city wall of Xi’an.The most complete and the best preserved city wall in china.

The city wall of Xi’an is an extension of the prior Tang dynasty structure.It was stared in 1370 and finished in 1378 and has a rectangular –shaped construction.It is over 4 kilometers from the east to west and about 3 kilometers from the north to south.And the total length is 13.7 kilometers.It stands 12 meters high, 12-14 meters wide acro the top and 15-18 meters thick at the button.On the top of the city wall, there is a rampart every 120 meters, which extends out from the main wall.The top of the rampart is at the same level as the top of the wall.The ramparts were built to allow soldiers to see those enemies who would try to climb up the wall.The distance between every two ramparts is just within the range of arrow shot from either side.This allowed soldiers to protect the entire wall without exposing themselves to the enemy.There are altogether 98 of them on the city wall and each has a sentry building on top of it.

There are four main gates of the city wall-one on each side-named the east gate, the west gate, south gate and north gate.The four gates of the city wall were the only way to go into and out of town.In Xi’an, each of the four gates consists of three gate towers.The main gate tower is called ZhengLou which is located on top of the main part of the city wall.It is the inner one and is also the main entrance to the city.Zha lou is the gate tower which a suspension bridge and located outside of the city wall.It’s used to lift and lower the suspension bridge.Jian lou is the arrow tower and located in between the Zhenglou and Zhaloutowers.There are square windows in the front and on the two sides to shoot arrows.Jianlou and Zhenglou are connected by walls and the encircled area is called Wongcheng in which soldiers could be stationed.From Wongcheng, there are also horse paages leading to the top of the wall.There are altogether eleven horse paages around the city.

A watch tower is located on each of the four corners of the wall.The one at the southwestern corner is round, probably after the model of the imperial city wall of the Tang dynasty.But the other three are square and are higher and larger than the sentry building on the ramparts.This shows the strategic importance of the corners of the city wall.

All right, we have finished visiting the famous city wall of Xi’an.Thank you.

西安钟鼓楼简介

西安鼓楼是所存在中国最大的鼓楼，位于西安城内西大街北院门的南端，东与钟楼相望。鼓楼始建于明太祖朱元璋洪武十三年，清康熙三十八年和清乾隆5年先后两次重修。楼上原有巨鼓一面，每日击鼓报时，故称“鼓楼”。

鼓楼横跨北院门大街之上。鼓楼和钟楼是一对孪生兄弟，相距仅半里，互相辉映，为古城增色。鼓楼是明洪武十三年（公元1380年）建成的，比当初的钟楼早建4年。楼基面积比钟楼楼基大738.55平方米，通高34米，雄杰秀丽不亚于钟楼。古时楼上悬挂一面大鼓，傍晚时击鼓向全城居民报时，故称鼓楼

古时击钟报晨，击鼓报暮，因此有“晨钟暮鼓”之称。同时，夜间击鼓以报时，“三鼓”，就是“三更”，“五鼓”就是“五更”，一夜共报5次。明代的西安城周长11.9公里，面积是8.7平方公里，鼓楼地处西安城中部偏西南，为使鼓声能传遍全城，就必须建造高楼，设置大鼓。明、清两代，鼓楼周围大多是陕西行省、西安府署的各级衙门，这些衙门办公和四周的居民生活都离不开鼓声，鼓声亦成为当时人们最熟悉的悦耳之声了。李允宽所书写的“声闻于天”的匾额，画龙点睛，说明了鼓楼的实际意义。

现在楼内设有楼梯，登临楼上，凭栏便能眺望全城景色。西安鼓楼是城内明清建筑物的主要标志和代表之一。

从50年代开始，人民政府曾多次修缮鼓楼，90年代又贴金描彩，进行了大规模的维修，为进一步开发和利用文物资源，促进文化旅游事业的发展，恢复 “晨钟暮鼓”，1996年西安市决定重制鼓楼大鼓。重制的大鼓高1.8米，鼓面直径为2.83米，系用整张优质牛皮蒙制而成。鼓腹直径3.43米，重1.5 吨。上有泡钉1996个，寓意1996年制，加上4个铜环共2000年，象征公元2000年，催人奋进，跨入二十一世纪。该鼓声音洪亮、浑厚，重槌之下，十里可闻，是中国最大的鼓。在钟楼和鼓楼之间，开辟为钟鼓楼广场，绿草红花点缀其间，造型独特的声光喷泉不时变换，是古城人民休闲、娱乐的好去处。

推荐第4篇：西安钟楼英文导游词

导语：西安钟楼位于西安市中心，明城墙内东西南北四条大街的交汇处，是中国现存钟楼中形制最大、保存最完整的一座。以下是小编整理西安钟楼导游词的资料，欢迎阅读参考。

Today we will visit the city wall, the bell tower and the drum tower.It\'s my pleasure to serve you.

The ancient castle we now see is the Ming xi \'an city wall, which was built on the foundation of the imperial city of tangan in the early Ming dynasty.It is one of the most famous cities in the late middle ages of China, and it is the largest and most complete defense facility of ancient military castles in the world.

Xi \'an, as the ancient capital of the millennium, has built the wall many times in the past.Most of them are buried by the dust of history.The walls we see now go back to the sui dynasty.In 1369, the Ming dynasty moved xu da from shanxi to shaanxi, and changed the original fengtian road to xi \'an, meaning \"western lasting peace and stability\".It was the prelude to the construction of the wall in xi \'an.The eightold wall shape is a rectangle.The wall is 15 meters high, 12 to 14 meters wide, 16 to 18 meters wide and 13.9 kilometers in circumference.The bottom layer is mixed with lime and glutinous rice juice.After drying, it is exceptionally strong.

The ancient city wall of xi \'an includes a series of military installations including moat, suspension bridge, gate building, archery building, zhenglou, tower, enemy building, parapet and crenel.Well, now let\'s feel the scientific, rigorous and complete military defense system in person.

The periphery of the wall is the moat, also known as the moat, which is the first line of defense of the wall.It can block an enemy\'s attack, or even take advantage of the terrain to destroy the enemy.The moat around the city wall of xi \'an is 20 meters wide, and the gate is croed over the moat, and the only acce to the moat and the gate is the drawbridge.At ordinary times, the soldiers in the city of the city listened to the commander of the morning bell, lowered the drawbridge in the morning and opened the city gates.Hoist the bridge at night and cut off traffic.Once a war has occurred, the drawbridge rises, the gates are closed, and the gates become fortified and enclosed fighting fortrees.

The city gate is the focal point of the city defense system, also is the weak spot.At ordinary times, it is a paageway to and from the city.In war, it is also the primary goal of defending the two sides.Therefore, the Ming dynasty attached great importance to improving the city gate defense facilities.One of the most notable technological breakthroughs is the use of the arch gate to prevent enemy fire.Ming xian city gate is very solid, door leaf with 16 cm thick boards, a fan gate 2.8 cubic meters with wood, door leaf horizontal turn up and down the iron bar reinforcement, the interval of each two bars, 180 iron needle mushrooms nails.There are 1,800 iron mushroom needles on the door.This compels the wood of the door, increasing the rigidity of the door, so that the arrow can\'t be shot in.

In order to improve the insurance coefficient of the city gate defense, the gate is actually made up of three parts, namely, gate building, archway and main building.The gate tower is the most outside, its function is the lift suspension bridge.It\'s used to make more.The enemy entered the gate of the gate, as if entering the urn, and would be attacked from all sides, so this space downstairs is also called \"wengcheng\".The archery is in the middle, with Windows on both sides, for archery.The wall between the archery and the archery is also called \"weng city\", which can be tunneled.The building is the main building of the city gate, which is the main building of the city.On the outside of the wall, there is an enemy stand outside the main body, commonly known as the \"horse face\", every 120 meters.There are 98 horses on the whole wall, the building on the horse\'s face is called the enemy building, and the two towers are 120 meters apart, and the other side is 60 meters, which is \"a stone\'s throw away\".This layout makes it easy to shoot the enemy from the side.Therefore, the ancients commented, \"there is a city without a platform, and without a city, it is a city, so the guard is there, and so is the city.\" On the outside of the wall there are short pheasants, also known as \"battlements\", with crenel and square holes for archery and lookout.The inside wall, called the parapet, is designed to prevent soldiers from falling into the wall while they walk.At the four corners of xi \'an city, there is a tower called the \"turret\".In the city of weng, which is formed in the archery and the building, there is a horse road leading to the head, which is convenient for the horse and the horse.During the war, this is the key point for the mobilization of troops, and must be kept clear.So the guards are extremely strict.

As the years change, now we can see changle of xi \'an city wall gate, AnDingMen, rosefinch door, including door, jade auspicious door light, etc., the origin of these names from one side also reflects the ancient city of ups and downs failure.The city wall of Ming xian shows the wisdom and wisdom of the ancient working people in China.Well, the city wall of xi \'an is here, and we will continue to take you to the bell tower.

Bell tower and drum tower are the unique buildings of ancient Chinese cities.Bells and drums were the earliest percuion instruments in China, with a history of more than 3,000 years.Originally as a ritual instrument and musical instrument.Since the spring and autumn period, it has been used for military command.The ancient Chinese cities had the nature of military castles.Besides the city walls, excavating the moat and setting up the suspension bridge, they also built the bell tower in the center of the city as the command center.At ordinary times, with the morning clock, the time of the report, the time to open and close the suspension bridge, the emergency condition is used to alert the police, command the city defense.This rigorous urban defense system reached its peak in the Ming dynasty.Xi \'an is a military and political town in the northwest of the Ming dynasty.Its bell tower and drum tower are the most similar buildings in the country, regardle of its size, historical value or artistic value.

What we see now is the bell tower, the building is located in xi \'an, north and south, east and west four street interchange, it was built in Ming hongwu seventeen years, the original is located in the west street meet auspicious view, with the shift in the centre of the city, in the Ming wanli decade, god will tower to a whole demolition, moved to addre today.

The bell tower is typical of the Ming dynasty architectural style, the building is 36 meters high, the heavy eaves and arch, magnificent and solemn.It consists of a base, a building and a roof.The base is square, all made of blue bricks.The building, as a square wooden structure, is surrounded by a cloister, which is a two-story building with wooden ladders circling overhead.Inside and below the building inside two floors square hall, display the Ming dynasty since the Ming dynasty all kinds of precious porcelain and red nanmu furniture, all around the door is full of relief painting, the style is simple and vivid.The top of the building is a four-corner structure, covered with a green glazed tile, the top of the dome is 5 meters high, glittering and brilliant.

On the northwest corner of the bell tower is a Ming dynasty iron bell, weighing 5 tons.It is much smaller than the bronze bell that hung from the clock tower.The clock tower, which was originally hung, was a \"jingyun bell\" cast during the tang dynasty.Now the clock is in xi \'an stele forest.It is said that, although the style of the tower has not changed since it was moved to the present site, the jingyun bell is not going to sound.There is no alternative but to change.In order to move the jingyun clock to the new clock tower, an inclined bridge was built on the west side of the west street, and the jingyun clock was transported to the bell tower using the ramp.It is said that the \"bridge\" also got its name.

On the west wall of the clock tower, there are \"bell tower song\" and \"bell tower\" inscription.\"Zhong Lou ge\" is the shaanxi governor who built the bell tower in the same year.In the poem, the bell tower was praised enthusiastically.\"The bell tower\" is the governor of the bell tower, detailed description of the clock tower.On the door of the bell tower, there are 64 stories of carved wooden relief, including magnolia from the army, the moon and the moon, the book of liu yi, the sea of eight, and so on.After the founding of the People\'s Republic of China, the people\'s government of xi \'an made three major repairs to the clock tower, which restored the ancient architecture to its former glory.

Compared with the bell tower, it is the drum tower.The entrance of the building is south to north, north to north gate and south west street.The drum tower was built in Ming hongwu for 13 years, and the bell tower is the sister building.On the north side of the drum tower, there is a huge drum, and the morning bell on the bell tower is known as the drum tower.The building is rectangular, with a height and width of 6 meters and a depth of 38 meters.The drum tower is a heavy eaves, glazed tile roof, heavy eaves and three drops of water.The building is divided into two layers.Under the eaves of the north and south, there was a plaque, which was written by emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty: \"wenwu shengdi\", which was written by li yunkuan, a scholar in xianning county.The outer eaves of the drum tower are decorated with dougong.Paint on the ceiling painted cloud patterns, antique, very beautiful.The bell and drum tower meet, making the ancient city of xi \'an more beautiful and spectacular.Well, this is the end of the bell tower tour.Thank you!

推荐第5篇：西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙英文导游词

西安城墙是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策\"高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王\"的指导下，在唐皇城的基础上建成的。下面是西安城墙景点导游词，希望可以帮到大家。

篇1：西安城墙英文导游词

All visitors:

You must want to know what the real meaning of the city wall is.The word \"city wall\" was originally derived from the word \"city\".\"City\" according to the \"Shuowen\" explains, phonetic loan characters \"Sheng\", \"Sheng\" is satisfied that the people, so the original meaning of the word \"city\" is soil around the people and country, which leads to the walls of righteousne.Known as the backbone of the Chinese nation\'s \"the Great Wall city\" Yu, is also the meaning of the wall.Just later with the development of society, the word \"city\" also contains the interpretation of today\'s city.\"City\" first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of Jin Wenzhong, see the physical embodiment of the military use of the ancient city wall from the shape.Military role of walls is protecting private ownership, and in ideology, wall body size and patriarchal clan system strictly reflect.Obviously the ruler is to create the wall, use it to protect themselves, that paul.Now we see the walls of Xi\'an, is one of the most famous Chinese wall construction history.It from the Ming Hong Wu for three years (year 1370) Zhu Yuanzhang, iued an edict to repair the city to start, to Hong Wu eleven years (1378 AD) completed, which lasted 8 years is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the imperial city building expansion and, after succeive repairs, basically maintained complete feudal society the walls of the building appearance, reflecting the outstanding achievement of Chinese ancient fortification technology.

篇2：西安城墙英文导游词

First of all we visited is a magnificent momentum of the city wall of the Ming dynasty.The walls of our eyes are bright.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang believes that \"such as landscape solid, non storage by deep trenches and high ramparts, and not for security.\" So from the Ming Hong Wu for three years (year 1370) Xiazhao repair the city commenced, took eight years to complete, is in the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties on the basis of the Imperial City, to the North East, each expansion of the 1 / 4 points to build a form today\'s walls.Now we see the city wall is a thing long, short and long rectangular, 13.79 km circumference, an area of 11.5 square kilometers.Is a function of careful design, form the magnificent military defense facilities.I will give you down respectively building structure of the various parts of both the one one walls were introduced:

In front of the building to see the watchtower.A total of 66 watchtower arrow window hole, the formation of the attack surface of a fan-shaped, but by window down killing the enemy soldiers.

Between the gate and building the watchtower, the formation of the half space, we called the barbican.Its role is if the enemy invaded the gates into the urn, when attacked by 4 urn face condescending, like wengzhongzhuobie.

We can see on the opposite side of the building is building, it is the innermost layer of the wall of building construction.Is building form style chongyanxieshan, he took command of the garrison is wartime command.

篇3：西安城墙景点简介

推荐第6篇：西安大清真寺英文导游词

¡¡¡¡the great mosque at huajue lane ¡¡¡¡the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in xi¡¯an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people¡¯s government.unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi¡¯an poees much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.¡¡¡¡however, any further discuion about the mosque will be futile unle anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.¡¡¡¡islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d.and was introduced to china in the mid-600s.at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china.in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china¡¯s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.¡¡¡¡however, maive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran.many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.¡¡¡¡among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty.the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty.in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere.in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country.and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang¡¯s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty.therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty iued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats.in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans.the moslems in xi¡¯an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.1 2 3

推荐第7篇：陕西西安华清池英文导游词

陕西西安华清池英文导游词

Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of

Xi’an.Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction

of the Li Palace on the spot.In the Qin dynasty a pool was built

with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang (the Lishan Hot

Spring).The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and

renamed the Li Palace (the Resort Palace).In the Tang dynasty, Li

Shimin (Emperor Tai Zong) ordered to construct the Hot Spring

Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around

Lishan Mountain in the year of 747.It was known as the Huaqing

Palace.It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location

on the hot springs.

Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a

branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high.It

is covered with pines and cyprees, looking very much like a like a

dark green galloping horse from a long distance.So it has the name

of the Lishan Mountain (Li means a black horse).

The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang

Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter

days.When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and

everything in sight was white.However, they came into thaw

immediately in front of the hall.It owed a great deal to the luke

warm vapour rising out of the hot spring.This is the Frost Drifting

Hall that greets us today.

Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool.

According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by

a severe drought in the very remote past.Thus, by the order of the

Jade Emperor (the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at

the head of eight young ones, and made rain here.Yet when the

disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it

became serious again.In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the

young dragons under the Jade Cause Way (玉堤), with the Morning Glow

Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it

respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day

long to meet the needs of local irrigation.Besides, he had the old

dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside

Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged

him to exercise control over the young.

The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly

to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water

surface.In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang (the Nine

Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths).At

the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would

come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of

the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to

its close.The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with

crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish,

dragons, birds and flowers.In it twin lotus flowers also carved

with white jade could be seen as well.The spring water welled from

the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers.

Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang (the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).

The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan

Zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath.It was originally built

with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water

like a spring.The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering

crabapple; Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring

or the Lotus Hot Spring..

Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to

air her hair after a bath.Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing

Pavilion.Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was

aglow with sunshine; hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.

Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built

pavilion.On its head three big Chinese characters “Xi Jia Lou”

(Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of

the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated

Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring

water.

At this spa there are four hot springs.They have an hourly flow

of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C.The spring water

contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals,

which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of

quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and

muscular pain.The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first

source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years

ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Its water flow averages 25

tons per hour.

Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will

gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a

temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.

The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also

known as the Double Twelfth Incident.After the Incident of

September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three

provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of

North China.This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation.

Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his

reactionary policy “domestic tranquility is a must for the

resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast

Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and

Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.

Inspired by our Party’s policy “let us stop the internal war and

unit to resist the Japanese aggreors,” those two generals made to

Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the

Communist Party for the resistance.Not only did he reject the

proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the “suppreion of the

Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth.Out of

patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.

Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was

impending.Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a

squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool.They fought a

fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one

vigorous effort.The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he

was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown

and slippers only.What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost

one of his slippers while croing over the back wall.He staggered

up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice

halfway on it.Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain

immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find

that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt

remained warm.In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus

escorted him to Xi’an.

In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national

united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf

of the C.C.P.C.insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident.

Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an.Zhou

Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took

everything poible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang

Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals.On December 25,

Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing.The Xi’an Incident was

so peacefully settled.

The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal

war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation

and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese

drive.Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships

between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage.It

marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.

In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a “National

Rejuvenation Pavilion” built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek

had hidden himself in the Incident.It was also called “Vital Energy

Pavilion”.After the national liberation it was renamed “Catching

Chiang Pavilion”.Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which

carries a brief introduction to the Xi’an Incident.Iron chains and

rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can

climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek’s shelter.

Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch

sight of a bridge-like construction.It shines regularly with a

myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very

much like rainbow.So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.

Located on the Xixiu Ridge (the West Embroidery Ridge) of the

Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou

Dynasty seem easy to identify.

The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to

give border alarm in ancient times.It was constantly under special

control.Once the enemies were preing on towards the border, the

beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the

daytime while set on fire at night.

The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was

highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile.King You tried many

ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again.

He “called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she

pulled a long face.Then the band were asked to “play the bamboo

flute and strings” and she remained displeased.Afterwards, “maids

of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did

not let out a smile at all.

“You don’t like music! What on earth are you fond of?” the King

asked.

“I nearly have a liking for nothing.But I can still well remember

I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk

when I was a child.It was clear anf melodious,” she replied.King

You said in excitement, “That is very simple.How come you didn’t

let me know it earlier?”

Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer

coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear

it into pieces.Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly

torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.

“Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.

“I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.

The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in

the end he gave orders, “Anyone both in and out of court who can

amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”

Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and

offered advice: “Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your

sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan

Mountain by carriage, and gave the order.In the split second the

flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved

their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain.There they found

nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively.The

King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that “Everything

should have been all right.I have just been joking with you.” When

they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left

disappointed.Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her

hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily.

Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold.

Later on King You did so more often than not.In 771 B.C.Quan Rong

(a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the

Western Zhou Dynasty.King You ordered urgently to set the beacon

tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved.

Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away.The

Western Zhou dynasty vanished.Herein come the Chinese idiom “A

single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and “The sovereign

rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.\"

推荐第8篇：陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government.Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an poees much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discuion about the Mosque will be futile unle anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D.and was introduced to China in the mid-600s.At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China.In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, maive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran.Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty.The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty.In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere.In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country.And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty.Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty iued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats.In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans.The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to “the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty.However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a poible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty.The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures.The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years.The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque.On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, “May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, “Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty.They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy.At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored.It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty.A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship.Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out.The five wooden houses, which are called “Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services.And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services.The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings.The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name.Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2.Acro both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once.There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings.The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world.They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night.Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home.Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes.They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”.According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out.However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veile when they go out.Upon his death, a Moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinle in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted.And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

推荐第9篇：陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

TheGreatMosqueatHuajueLane

TheMosqueisamajorspotforreligiousactivitiesofover60.000MoslemsinXi’an,likewise,animportantculturalrelicprotectedbytheprovincialpeople’sGovernment.UnliketheArabicmosques,withsplendiddomes,theminaretsreachingintotheclouds,thecoulourfulengravedsketcheswithdazzlingpatterns,theMosquehereinXi’anpoeesmuchChinesetraditionaltouchinbothitsdesignandartisticoutlook;besidesthestylepeculiartoIslamicmosques,thisMosquealsoholdscharacteristicsofChinesepavilionswithpaintedbeamsandengravedridgepoles.

However,anyfurtherdiscuionabouttheMosquewillbefutileunleanythingoftheintroductionofIslamintoChinaisbroughtup.

Islamasareligiousorderwasfoundedintheearlyperiodofthe7thcenturyA.D.andwasintroducedtoChinainthemid-600s.Atthattime,ArabianmerchantsandtravelerscametothenorthwestofChinabywayofpersiaandAfghanistanandthusestablisheddiplomatic,trade,andmilitarycontactswithChina.Inthemeantime,anotherroutesawabatchofseavoyagersthroughBangladeshBayandtheMalaccaStraittoChina’sGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Huangzhou,YangzhouandothercitieswheremanyofthemsettleddownandmarriedthelocalwomenwholatergavebirthtobabieswhothenbecameMoslems.

However,maiveimmigrationoftheMoslemstoChinadidnottakeplaceuntilaslateastheearlyperiodofthe13thcentury,whenGenghisKhan,asaresultofhisexpeditionagainstthewest,hadconqueredvastexpansesoflandstretchingfromCentralAsiatoEasternEurope,includingthenorthofIran.ManyoftheMoslemsintheconqueredareaswerethusforcedtoenlistandlatersettledinChina.

Amongtheenlistedmanyweresoldiers,andsomeweresmithsandofficialswhowerecalledtheHuipeopleinthehistorybooksontheYuandynasty.TheHuipeoplelaterfollowedKublaiKhandowntothesouth,helpinghimunifyingChinaandthenestablishtheYuandynasty.Inthewakeoftheconquest,IslamspreadalloverChinaandmosquesbegantoappeareverywhere.IntheYuandynasty,manyMoslemsheldpositionsbothinthemilitaryandcivilianorgansofthecountry.AndalotoftheMoslemstookpartinZhuYuanzhang’suprisingintheearly14thcenturyandmadegreatcontributionstothefoundingoftheMingDynasty.Therefore,alltheemperorsoftheDynastyiuedmandatestoprotectIslam,andtosetupmosquesinpraiseoftheMoslemsfortheirfeats.Intheearly16thcentury,IslampredominatedQinghaiontheminoritynationalitiesincludingtheHuis,theUygurs,theKazaks,theKirgizes,theTajiks,theTartars,theOzbeks,theDongXiangs,theSalarsandtheBonans.TheMoslemsinXi’anaremainlytheHuis,beingasmallportionoutofthetenmillioninChina.

TheMosqueatHuaJueLaneisthelargestinXi’an,andatthesametime,itisalsooneoftheearliestbuiltonacomparativelylargescale,andwellpreservedmosquesinChina.

Accordingto“theSteleontheBuildingoftheMosque”,themosqueiaidtobebuiltintheTangDynasty.However,thearchitecturalstyleofthemosquesuggestsapoiblebuildingdatingbacktotheMingDynasty.Thefourcourtyardsofthemosquecoveranareaofmorethan12,000squaremeters,outofwhichabout4,000areoccupiedbyvarioutructures.Thestillintactwoodenfrontmemorialgatewayofthefrontyard,builtattheturnofthe17thcentury,withglazedtilesonthetop,spectacularcornersandupturnedeaves,isabout9metreshigh,andhasahistoryofabout360years.Thestonememorialgatewayinthecenterofthesecondcourtyardisflankedwithatailsteleoneithersidewithdragonscarvedoneach,recordingtherepairworkeversincethebuildingoftheMosque.OnthebackofoneofthestelesareengravedcharactersbythemastercalligrapherMiFu,“MayBuddhismFilltheUniverse”,ontheother,“Royal-Bestowed”byDongQichang,anothermasterofthesameartoftheMingdynasty.TheyaretreasuresinChinesecalligraphy.Attheentranceofthethirdcourtyardisanimperialbuilthall,wherea“monthtablet”,showingthecalculationoftheHuiCalendarsinArabic,itored.ItwascompiledbyamaninchargeofthemosquecalledXiaoMiningintheearlyperiodoftheQingdynasty.Athree–storeyedoctagonalwoodenstructurecalled“RetrospectionTower”alsostandsinthecenterofthecourtyard,whichhasthesamefunctionastheminaretinIslamictemplesinArabiccountries,andwhichisaplacefromwhereordersweresenttocalltheMoslemstocometoworship.Respectively,onthesouthandnorthwingsofthetower,areareceptionchamberandaScriptureChamber,bothelegantlylaidout.Thefivewoodenhouses,whicharecalled“WaterHouses”inthesouthwestsectionoftheMosquearetheplacewherethebelieversbathethemselvesbeforetheyattendtheirservices.Andinsidethefourthcourtyardthereisastructurecalled“thepavilionofphoenix”,aplacewheretheworshipersusedtowaitfortheservices.Thepavilion,infact,isacompoundstructureofthreesmallbuildings.Thesix-gabledstructureofthecentralpart,adjoiningthetwothree-gabledbuildingsoneachsidelooksverymuchlikeaflyingphoenix,andhenceitsname.Justatthebackofthepavilion,thereisafishpond,beyondwhichisaplatformoccupyinganareaaslargeas700m2.Acrobothendsoftheplatformstandsthe1,300squaremeteredservicehall,holdingoverathousandworshipersatonce.Thereareoversixhundredsunkpanelswellasthesunkpanels,aredecoratedwithpatternsofpaintedtrailingplantsandArabicletterings.Theimamleadshisgroupofworshipers,whilefacinginthedirectionofMecca,tochantinKoranandtopaytheirreligioushomage.

TheMoslemsinChinashareverymuchthesamecustomswiththeirbrothersandsisterselsewhereintheworld.Theyworshipfivetimesaday:atdawn,atnoon,intheafternoon,atdusk,andatnight.Femaleworshipersattendtheirservicesinaseparatedplacefromtheirbrothers,usuallyathome.Moslemspayspecialattentiontotheirhealthandseethattheyalwayswearcleanclothes.Theyareteetotalersnotonlyofwine,butalsoofporkandanimalbloodforinKoranpigshavebeenmentionedfourtimesasbeing“unclean”.AccordingtoKoran,amancanhavefourwivesandwomenshouldwearveilswhentheygoout.However,exceptafewplacesinXinjiang,theChinesepractisemonogamyandwomenareveilewhentheygoout.Uponhisdeath,aMoslemhastobe“thoroughlycleaned”(thoroughlybathed),hastobeputon“KeFan”(tobeshroudedwithapieceofwhitecloth)andhastobeburiedcoffinleintheground,withanimamrecitingScripturesatthefuneral.

TheChineseconstitutionpromulgatesthatfreedomofreligionofeachcitizenandfreedomofpreservingorreforminglocalcustomsforeverynationalityarepermitted.Andofcourse,theMoslemsinChinaenjoyequalrightswithpeoplesofothernationalitiesandtheirreligiousbeliefsandcustomsarerespectedeverywhereinthecountr

推荐第10篇：陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name.He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22.By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor.He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system.Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system.He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures.To protect against harament by the Hun aristocrats.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built.All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture.They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field.As a result, China’s ancient claics had been devastated and destroy.Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive.Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.” Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain.These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other.Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated.What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened.However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.

No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum.In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey.The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum.This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad.In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permiion of the State Council.The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters.It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively.The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks.Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth.The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east.In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces.They are supposed to be the van of the formation.Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long.They are probably the main body of the formation.There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards.They are probably the flanks and the rear.There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is aumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed.The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten.But their shafts, cro yokes, and wheels, etc.left clear impreions on the earth bed.The copper parts of the chariots still remain.Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long.According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor.The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation.Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits.The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick.In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken.Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army.All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest.They look healthy and strong and have different facial expreions.Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy.They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on.The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted.As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural proce of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours.However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new.They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crobows and arrowheads.These weapons were exquisitely made.Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals.Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years.This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.

In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum.These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy.The four horses harneed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall.The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background.They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful.Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection.The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology.For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation.According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling.The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated.After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983.No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.

第11篇：西安碑林博物馆英文导游词(最新)

西安碑林

Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen.Today we are going to visit the treasure house of ancient calligraphy and stone carving art of China, the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets, which is located at the site of Confucian temple in SanXue Street, Xi’an.This museum was set up in 1087 and it collected more than 3000 stone tablets from the Han dynasty through the Qing dynasty.The whole area consists of 3 parts: Confucian temple, exhibition of stone tablets and stone carvings.//总述

Here we can see this museum is very beautiful because it used the tradition Chinese courtyard style.So compared with other places, this museum is always quite peaceful and very silence.Now I’d like to take this temple as an example to talk a little bit about Confucian, the great philosopher, educationist, politician in feudal society.And he was highly respected by Chinese.In order to show the respect for him, all the Confucian temple have no gate facing south, as this one showing only the gate open to the east and west what we called the gate of righteousne and courtesy respectively.//简介孔子

Ok, now this way please.Inside this museum, we can see a wooden Memorial arch standing here; its Chinese name is “PaiLou”.It is set up to honor or commemorate a distinguished person; as we continue our walking, now we are on the bridge over pond in half circle which is special structure of Confucian temple, in the ancient time only those students who paed state examination would be allowed to pa here.//太和元气坊，畔池

Now let’s go through the stone gate in the middle which was only for high ranks in the past.Here we can see two national treasures.On the west side there is a stone horse which was one of few relics of DaXia short period.The Da xia period is a very short period in Chinese history, and there are lots of wars at that time.It’s difficult to find relics of this time, so it’s very precious.In the east pavilion there is the JingYun Bell which was cast in 711AD and was moved here from JingLong Taoist temple.This Bell is unique in 3 aspects: first: it has exquisitely carving with phoenix and dragons.Second, it has beautiful sound which was recorded by CCTV and was played on New Years’ eve to welcome the New Year’s coming.Third, it has unique epigraph.//大夏石马，景云钟

Now we are going to visit 7 major stone tablet exhibition rooms.In front of the first exhibition room, we can see the stone-base Claic of Filial piety which is the largest and earliest one in this museum.It stands about 6 meters high and was made up of 35 pieces of blue stones.It was engraved in 745AD and annotated by LiLongJi(the 7th emperor of Tang dynasty).He wrote the preface to show his wish to manage the country by advocating the principles of Filial piety.//石台孝经

In the first room, let’s see the most completed and heaviest books in the world “The KaiCheng stone Claics” which was the doctrine of the Confucius and “must readings” for all the intellectuals in feudal society.In the past, copying was the popular way for students who study the doctrines.To prevent copying errors, emperor Tang Wenzong employed many sculptors to carve the 12 claics on stone tablets for the students to get the rubbings from them.With another claic “Mencius” carved in Qing dynasty together we call “13 claics”.//开成石经

In the second room, we can see many stone tablets of calligraphy in Tang dynasty.And the most famous one is the Nestorian Tablet.This tablet is also a national treasure, as it was the first one in Syrian characters that recorded Nestorians (one sect of Christianity) was introduced into China from Roman Empire in 635AD.It describes its eence, ceremony, and activities in China.//大秦景教流行中国碑 In the third room, various style of Chinese calligraphy can be seen on stone tablets such as the seal script, the official script, regular script, running hand and cursive hand.Let me give you very brief introduction of the development of Chinese characters.The seal scripts were only popular in Qin dynasty, and it was difficult for us to reading and writing.Based on that, new forms were created: they are the official and regular scripts.This was easy to remember because today we are still using it and it is popular to everybody.Running and cursive hand were also boldly used by some calligraphers at that time, it is quite different to control.//中国文字字体发展简史 The rest exhibition rooms house calligraphy and paintings, literatures and poems from different dynasties, And in the court yard you can see many stone stakes with animals or figures carved on the top.In the past, they are for tying horses as well as for decoration.Ok, this way please.We are going to see the stone carving gallery.The stone carvings here are the masterpiece of stone arts from Han and Tang dynasty that arranged in chronological order.It can be divided into two parts: those are found from tombs and those are related to religions.Here, I’d like to introduce the six famous steeds for you.They are so beautiful and vivid, also, they were the best friends of Tang emperor Tai zong (the second emperor of Tang dynasty), because they kept their master in safe each time when they wounded with arrows on battle.In memory of his horses, Tang emperor Tai zong had them carved in relief to company his tomb.However, it’s very pity that two of the pieces were miing; now they are kept in the museum of university of Pennsylvania.//石刻艺术室(昭陵六骏) Ok, everyone, so much for this today.We still have some free time.So next, you may look around and take some pictures.We’ll leave at 11o’clock, so please don’t be late.You know I will mi you.And I’ll stay here, if you have any question, please ask me.By the way, watch your step please! So next, it’s your turn.Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening.//结束

第12篇：西安导游词

西安导游词

各位领导、朋友们：

大家好，欢迎大家来到美丽的古城西安观光游览。西安，一个被人们赐予太多太多美妙称谓的地方。尤其通过今年世园会的召开，西安再一次把她特有的魅力展示给世人。今天我将带领大家一步步走近这座古老的城市，这可是一个看不完、听不尽、吃不烦、逛不够的地方，希望您带着轻松的心去聆听、去观察、去感受、去品味。一起去品古都上下五千年历史神韵，尝老城街头巷尾美食七滋八味，阅西安改革三十年城市全新风貌，观新区科学规划建设热火朝天。

【地理位置】

西安是陕西省省会、副省级城市，是陕西省的政治、经济、文化中心。西安位于黄河流域中部的关中盆地，北临渭河，南面是秦岭山脉，山脊海拔2000-2800米，是我国地理上北方与南方的重要分界。西安市辖9区【新城、碑林、莲湖、雁塔、灞桥、未央、阎良、临潼、长安】4县【蓝田、周至、户县、高陵】，总面积10108平方公里，总人口843万，其中市区面积3782平方公里，人口大概646万左右。

西安属于暖温带半湿润的季风气候区，雨量适中，四季分明，气候温和，春秋两季是旅游黄金时期。大家远道而来，也许您是带着自己潜意识中的“西安印象”【古老陈旧、黄土飞扬、干旱缺水、满目苍茫】来的，现在看见西安是否有出乎意料的感觉呢？其实这里历史上素有“八水绕长安”之说，指的是西安城四周的八条河流：渭河、泾河、沣（fēng）河、涝（lào）河、潏（yù）河、滈（hào）河、浐（Chǎn）河、灞（bà）河。渭、泾是其中两条大的河流。西汉文学家【司马相如】在著名的辞赋《上林赋》中写道“荡荡乎八川分流，相背而异态”，描写了汉代上林苑的巨丽之美，之后就有了“八水绕长安”的描述。大家现在能看到西安这般的景象和市政府的重视和规划是分不开的，这些河流流经于此也让这座城市有了勃勃的生机和灵气。【君未睹夫巨丽也，独不闻天子之上林乎？左苍梧，右西极。丹水更其南，紫渊径其北。终始灞浐，出入泾渭；酆镐潦潏（fēng hào lào yù），纡馀委蛇，经营乎其内。荡荡乎八川分流，相背而异态。——《上林赋》】

【陕西得名于西周，是大西北的门户，面积20.56万平方公里，所在的位置兼具南北，联通东西，所以陕西所处的地理位置十分重要。渭河虽发源于甘肃，但是流经陕西，联接灞河、泾河、浐河等最后汇入黄河，因此渭河是黄河上最大的支流，它和它的分支流冲击而成的平坦台面就是今天陕西省的中部，我们也把它叫做关中平原也可称为渭河平原。渭河与长安关系十分密切，在古代有很多物资就是通过渭河运到长安，而“泾渭分明”这一成语也来源于这条大河。】

【历史背景】

在中国旅游界有几句俗话：二十年中国看深圳，一百年中国看上海，一千年中国看北京，而五千年中国则看西安。98年美国总统克林顿访华，首站来到西安，他对西安的评价就很高，他说：“要了解一个民族，首先要了解它的历史”。由此可以看出，西安是一座历史悠久的文化古城，在这片物华天宝的土地上，五千年的古国文明从这里发祥。

早在《广博物志》《述异志》《山海经》中就有所记载，传说中的盘古开天辟地、女娲补天等故事都发生在这里；据考古证实，早在旧石器时代，这里就是蓝田猿人的聚居区；新石器时代早期，这里哺育了“华胥古国”“姜寨”等半坡先民。到了汉唐时期，西安更是发展成为了中国政治、经济、文化和对外交流的中心，是当时人口最早超过百万的国际大都市。“西有罗马，东有长安”是当时西安在世界历史地位的真实写照。

至今，西安与世界名城希腊的雅典、埃及的开罗、意大利的罗马齐名，同被誉为世界四大文明古都。而且，西安也是中国七大古都之首，是中国历史上建都时间最长、建都朝代最多、影响力最大的都城，是中华民族的摇篮、中华文明的发祥地、中华文化的代表，有着“天然历史博物馆”的美誉。1981年联合国教科文组织把西安确定为“世界历史名城”。

西安导游词

春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花。总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁。长安大道沙为堤，早风无尘雨无泥。长安回望绣成堆，山顶千门次第开。

长相思，在长安。

忆来唯把旧书看，几时携手入长安。

历史上提到长安的诗词很多，那么大家可能会问了：古人在诗词中如此的夸赞西安，究竟是怎么回事呢？

西安，古称“长安”、“京兆”，从古到今曾用名中，以“长安”最为长久和著名，长安，意为“长治久安”。

西安，在《史记》中被誉为“金城千里，天府之国”，是中华民族的发祥之地，由周文王营建，建成于公元前12世纪，从此便揭开了西安千年帝都的辉煌史书，西安有着3100多年的建城史和1200多年的建都史。先后有21个王朝和政权建都于此。是13朝古都【西周、秦、西汉、新莽、东汉（献帝）、西晋（惠帝、愍帝）、前赵、前秦、后秦、西魏、北周、隋，唐】，而且中国历史上的四个最鼎盛的朝代周、秦、汉、唐均建都西安。由此可见，西安浓缩了中国历史的精华：从奴隶制社会的顶峰西周王朝、中国第一个大一统的帝国秦朝、中国第一个盛世王朝西汉到中国封建社会的顶峰唐朝，西安书写了中国历史最华彩的篇章。

【中国第一个帝国建都在西安。秦统一六国，开创了历史上第一个封建集权国家，其创立的中央集权制，确定了后世两千多年的国家政治框架；

一个孕育出汉民族的伟大王朝西汉建都在西安。从“文景之治”到汉武帝的开疆拓域，中国成为了泱泱大国，也是在汉代，罢黜百家、独尊儒术，第一次使儒家思想成为中国主流和主体的理性。至此，儒家思想伴随着中华民族走过了两千多年；

璀璨绚丽的大唐王朝建都在西安。从一代明君李世民的“贞观之治”到博大辉煌的“开元盛世”，那真是一个云蒸霞蔚、异彩纷呈的时代，中国封建社会在此达到鼎盛。】

说到这里，那么大家会问了，古时的长安是在何时更改成西安的，西安这个名字的由来又是什么意思呢。

1、西安，在西周时称为“丰镐（hào）”，是周文王和周武王分别修建的丰京和镐京的合称。公元前11世纪，周族在关中西部的歧山、扶风一带不断壮大，最终灭商而立国，建都于沣京和镐京。

2、秦人先后在雍城、栎（Yuâ）阳和咸阳建都，东出函谷，消灭六国，建立起空前统一的秦帝国。秦仍以依塬面水的咸阳为都城，渭河两岸，宫阙连绵不断。秦时称“内史”。

3、至西汉初年，汉高祖刘邦灭秦后，看中了沃野千里的八百里秦川，选定与秦咸阳一水之隔的渭河南岸立都。刘邦定都关中，将建筑的新城立名“长安”，取“长治久安”之意，这个名字一直沿用了1100多年，至到唐朝末期。西汉之末，王莽篡汉，建立新朝，承袭了汉家的国都和建制。及至黄巾军起义，董卓遍烧洛阳宫室，十八路诸侯讨卓，董卓遂迫使献帝西迁长安，东汉王朝在此有6年时间。丝绸之路开通后，长安成为东方文明的中心，史称“西有罗马，东有长安”。

4、隋朝时隋文帝杨坚再次统一中国，之后就在汉长安城的东南部，由著名建筑师宇文恺设计督建了隋的都城大兴城。大兴城的规模布局和科学设施显然超过了汉长安城，它奠定了唐代长安的基础。隋文帝杨坚曾被周明帝封为“大兴都公”，因而将新都命名为“大兴城”。

5、唐代是中国历史上的鼎盛时期，唐长安城也是中国都城史上无可比拟的辉煌典范。长安不但是大唐帝国的政治、经济和文化中心，也是世界东方最大的一座国际性都市。唐朝时，又恢复长安之名。

西安导游词

6、元代时，长安丧失了首都地位，长安城所在地的“京兆府”易名为“奉元路”。

7、明洪武二年 (1369年)，明政府改奉元路为西安府，取义“安定西北”，西安之名由此而来。但长安城仍称“长安”，归长安县管辖，“长安”之名并未废除，一直保存至近代将长安城剥离长安县独立出来设立西安市为止，长安之名废止。

历史选择了西安，西安充实了历史。今天，每当人们提起昔日的长安时，无不充满了民族的自豪感和荣誉感，充满了对中华几千年丰厚和无与伦比的古文明的崇敬和仰慕。

【帝都名人】

“秦中自古帝王州”，西安自古就有帝王之光，在西安除了传统的特产外还有个特产就是皇帝。人类初祖炎帝、黄帝在这里教民稼穑（sâ 收割谷物，泛指耕作）；礼贤下士的周文王在这里开创了江山；千古一帝秦始皇在这里成就了统一；雄才大略的汉武帝在这里实现了地跨欧亚的梦想；英明睿智的唐太宗在这里描绘了举世瞩目的大唐风采„„所以说，若是想知道中国历史了有多少个皇帝在西安成就了大业，我们就不妨去数数那一个又一个高大宏伟的“土馒头”。从西周到隋唐的2000年间，大约有70多位帝王埋葬在关中地区。皇帝生前在西安这片土地上不可一世、富贵至及，死后不愿意离开这块天然的风水宝地，所以陵墓也都修在了当时都城的周围。这也给西安留下了独特的人文景观资源。

所以说就有了这么一句话，说“到北京看墙头、上海看人头、广州看车头、杭州看潮头、苏州看桥头、桂林看山头、昆明看石头、西安看坟头”。

古都西安历史悠久，培育出了千千万万个精英人物，仅名列《二十四史》和其它史书中的人物，就有一千多人。有创造文字的仓颉，制定礼乐的周公，开辟丝绸之路的张骞，秉笔直书的太史公司马迁，发明造纸术的蔡伦，总结千金药方的孙思邈（miǎo），去西天取经的高僧玄奘，名震诗坛的巨匠李白、杜甫、白居易，集书法大成、独创一体的颜真卿，和诗文绝佳、声蜚海内的文学家苏轼等等。他们或生于此，或者长期生活工作于此，都创造了辉煌的历史，对中华民族的发展作出巨大的贡献。

【旅游资源】

西安人杰地灵，文物古迹俯拾皆是。作为中国著名的旅游中心城市，西安首先以人文景观数量巨大，种类繁多，分布广泛，价值珍贵驰誉中外。全市有国家级重点文物保护单位16处，省级重点文物保护单位68处，市县级文物保护单位230处，登记在册的各类文物保护点多达2944处，是全人类历史遗产的重要组成部分。

在古代遗址的田埂河畔上，你随意踢上一脚也许就能踢出几片秦砖汉瓦来；在某个新垦的工地上，你只要随意一挖也许就会挖出个汉唐墓葬；至于明清时期，宏伟高大的建筑物在西安更是数不胜数。大家可以从秦始皇陵兵马俑坑领略大秦帝国的雄风；从唐大明宫国家遗址公园、唐华清宫遗址见识盛唐文化的浓墨重彩；从西安古城墙及钟鼓楼看到大明王朝西北重镇的英姿。近年，汉阳陵的开发又一次造成了世界的轰动，其出土的裸体彩俑被誉为“东方维纳斯”。

西安市内有 6000 多年历史的半坡遗址；有明代建立的藏石碑三千多块、被誉为石质历史书库的碑林博物馆；文物储藏量全国之最的陕西历史博物馆；唐代著名高僧玄奘法师译经之地大雁塔；西北历史最长的清真寺化觉巷大清真寺，以及西安周边的华夏始祖轩辕黄帝之陵黄帝陵；汉武帝刘彻之墓汉茂陵；唐女皇武则天与唐高宗李治的合葬墓唐乾陵；释伽牟尼佛指舍利存放之处法门寺等驰名中外的景点。

自然景观峭拔险峻，独具特色。在西安南侧的东西凡百里间，是峰峦叠峰、逶迤相连的有“东方阿尔卑斯山”之称的秦岭山脉。在这道美丽的风景线上，有号称“奇险天下第一”的西岳华山、全真派鼻祖王重阳修炼的终南山、有以温泉汤池而闻名天下的临潼骊山、有四季葱绿而内藏珍稀的终南山、有以六月积雪不化堪称奇观的太白山、“洞天第一福地”楼观台、“中国山水故乡”——辋川（苏轼赞“诗中有画，画中有诗”）、“猿人故乡” ——蓝 3

西安导游词

田溶洞等风景名胜区，它们共同形成了一道天然而独特的景群，更有周边的森林公园十余个。人文山水、古城新姿交相辉映，构成古老西安特有的神韵风姿。这些数不尽的名胜古迹和稀世文物，在默默地诉说着这座中华人文之都的辉煌与沧桑。要是在古代，大家一定早想策马扬鞭，“一日看尽长安景”了吧。

【饮食文化】

西安的饮食文化洋溢着浓郁的西北风情，品尝西安的风味小吃是游西安的一大乐事，无论是一直被西安人钟爱的羊肉泡馍，还是名扬海内外的“西安饺子宴”，都带有鲜明的地方特色。此外还有梆梆面、柿面糊塌、凉皮、炒粉鱼、锅盔、千层油酥饼等特色小吃。

在西安城内经营羊肉泡馍的餐馆很多，几乎每一条大街上都会有几家专门的羊肉泡馍馆，其中最有名的无疑要算老孙家羊肉泡馍了，此外，同盛祥牛羊肉泡馍馆、陕西太子楼御膳馆有限公司、西关牛羊肉泡馍馆、春发生泡馍馆等也久有盛名。

首创“西安饺子宴”的是西安餐饮行业中唯一的国家二级企业——西安解放路饺子馆，此外，天津饺子馆、德发长饺子馆、永新饺子馆等几家餐馆也各具特色。

在西安品尝小吃除可在南稍门、东新街的夜市外，还可以去鼓楼后的小吃街。鼓楼的街道两边都是古色古香的仿古建筑，各种知名的西安小吃应有尽有，可以让您在游览的同时一饱口福。

西安的名小吃很多，独具特色，一些最久负盛名的小吃如下：

1、西安特色面食biáng biang面

关中人最基本最普通的面食，除了蒸馍，恐怕就是“油泼辣子[比昂][比昂]面”。关于“biángbiang面”的得名，有着这样一个顺口溜——“一点飞上天，黄河两道弯，八字大张口，言字往进走，左一扭右一扭，东一长（zhang）西一长，中间加个马大（dai）王。心字底，月字旁，留个钩搭挂麻糖，推个车车逛咸阳。”多少年来就一直听老人言传下来。因为这个字笔画繁多，所有字典都找不到，书面上极少见到，都是一边念顺口溜一边写才能写出这个字，很有趣的吧。北方人大都觉得这种面食很好吃。

2、西安饺子宴

西安市著名小吃宴席，是在发掘研究唐代和我国传统饺子的基础上研制成功的。饺子宴选料考究、工艺独特，制出的饺子造型生动，一饺一格，一饺一形，观之赏心悦目，食之回味无穷。西安饺子宴的得名，主要因这种宴宾筵席由千姿百态的饺子组成。

3、秦镇凉皮

秦镇凉皮已有2000余年历史，秦镇本地传说在秦始皇时期已经开始有凉皮，为皇朝供物。乃为全国各种凉皮之祖。以大米粉为原料制成，因主产于户县的秦镇，也叫秦镇米皮。

西安导游词

制作时把大米粉调成糊状，平铺在多层竹笼内，旺为蒸熟，做出的凉皮筋、薄、细、软，具有独特风味。吃时用近一米长，20多厘米宽的大铡刀铡成细丝，加入辅青菜、小豆芽等，调入佐料，好的口味全在辣椒油上，调好的凉皮全呈红色，辣里透香，在西安深受欢迎。

4、牛羊肉泡馍

牛羊肉泡馍是西安市著名小吃。用优质牛羊肉加佐料入锅煮烂，汤汁备用。把烙好的“虎背菊花心”——坨坨馍，掰成碎块，加辅料煮制而成。

其特点是：肉烂汤浓、香醇味美、粘绵韧滑。食后再饮一小碗高汤，更觉余香满口，回味悠长，吃的时候配一叠特制的糖蒜，口感更好。牛羊肉泡馍，是独具西安地方特色的著名小吃，西安老孙家饭庄从一八九八年开始经营，迄今已有百年历史。

传说，牛羊肉泡是在公元前11世纪古代“牛羊羹”的基础上演化而来的。西周时曾将“牛羊羹”列为国王、诸侯的“礼馔”。据《宋书》记载，南北朝时，毛修之因向宋武帝献上牛羊羹这一绝味，武帝竟封为太官史，后又升为尚书光禄大夫。

还有一段风趣的传说，大宋皇帝赵匡胤称帝前受困于长安，终日过着忍饥挨饿的生活，一日来到一家正在煮制牛羊肉的店铺前，掌柜见其可怜，遂让其把自带的干馍掰碎，然后给他浇了一勺滚热肉汤放在火上煮透。赵匡胤狼吞虎咽地吞食，感到其味是天下最好吃的美食。后来，赵匡胤黄袍加身，做了皇帝，一日，路过长安，仍不忘当年在这里吃过的牛羊肉煮馍，同文武大臣专门找到这家饭铺吃了牛羊肉泡馍，仍感鲜美无比，胜过山珍海味，并重赏了这家店铺的掌柜。皇上吃泡馍的故事一经传开，牛羊肉泡成了长安街上的著名小吃。北宋大文学家苏东坡曾有“陇馔有熊腊，秦烹唯羊羹”的赞美诗句。

5、老童家腊羊肉

陕西省西安市著名小吃。相传1900年八国联军攻打北京,慈禧太后携光绪皇帝逃难来西安，品尝了老童家腊羊肉后大加赞赏。并由兵部尚书赵福桥之师邢庭维手书“辇止坡”三字，制成匾额悬挂门口，从此老童家腊羊肉名闻遐迩，近百年来长盛不衰。

腊羊肉选料精细，工艺讲究，辅料齐全，火功得当。卤煮出的肉，色泽红润，质地酥烂，香醇可口，是佐餐下酒菜。

6、锅盔

锅盔(英文:guokwei)，又叫锅魁、锅盔馍、干馍，是陕西关中地区城乡居民喜食的传统风味面食小吃。锅盔源于外婆给外孙贺弥月赠送礼品，后发展成为风味方便食品。锅盔整体呈圆形，直径尺许,厚1寸,重5斤。料取麦面精粉，压秆和面，浅锅慢火烘烤。外表斑黄，切口砂白，酥活适口，能久放，便携带。

省外人编成的顺口溜“陕西十大怪”中，有一怪为“烙馍像锅盖”，指的就是锅盔。关中较为著名的有乾州锅盔（相传为武则天派兵在乾州（乾县）打仗，战士在作战过程当中有人无意间将面置于头盔里用火烘烤，然后发现其味香脆可口，随即流传而开）。锅盔形似锅盖，边薄中厚，表面有轮辐状花纹，硬实筋韧，酥香可口，是馈赠亲友的佳品。

7、肉夹馍

陕西（乃至西北大部分地区）著名小吃，起源于战国，当时称“寒肉”。在西安，老樊家几乎成了腊汁肉的代名词。樊记腊汁肉由樊凤祥父子俩创于1925年，已有70多年历史。于1989年参加商业部“金鼎奖”评选活动，被评为部优产品。

腊汁肉是一种用着锅占制的酱肉，但比一般酱肉酥烂，滋味鲜长。由于选料精细，调料全面，火功到家，加上使用陈年老汤，因此所制的腊汁肉与众不同，有明显的特色，人们称赞它是：“肥肉吃了不腻口，瘦肉无法满嘴油。不用牙咬肉自烂，食后余香久不散。” 吃时切腊汁肉少量，夹人刚出炉的白吉馍中，此时馍香肉酥，回味无穷。含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪，和白吉馍一起食用还可以增加碳水化合物的含量。

8、葫芦头

西安导游词

葫芦头是西安特有的风味小吃，它和羊肉泡馍有相似的地方，即同为掰馍,但主要原料不是羊肉,而是猪肠。其主料由猪大肠头、猪肚头、肥肠去腥臊后加佐料煮成汤，再用汤煮馍而成。其汤酽味浓、鲜香适口，是一种高饱和脂肪酸、高胆固醇食品。具有浓郁味醇，鲜香滑嫩，肥而不腻，老幼皆宜的特点。

葫芦头相传源于唐代，起初名为“杂糕”。名医孙思邈到长安一家专卖猪肠的小店吃饭觉得腥味大，油腻多，得知制法不得当，便传授窍道，并留药葫芦让店主调味,店主为感激孙思邈，特将药葫芦高悬门口，“杂糕”也改称“葫芦头”了。

9、肉丸胡辣汤

肉丸胡辣汤，是西安回族人的清真食品。西安回族人想在汉民聚集的地方想要从事饮食业又要出众，就只能在调料上下功夫，故此摒弃了酸味，改用西北人更适应的咸味来映衬羊肉汤、牛肉汤的香味。煮牛羊肉那可是回民的传统项目，调料的丰富和火候的掌握自不待言。把重口味的胡椒分量减轻，以便更加能突出肉和菜的口味。用回民更常用更大气的牛肉丸子（牛肉绞碎和面合，下水煮），更有口感和实在。辅料增多，加白菜、土豆块、菜花、胡萝卜块、木耳、黄花、腐竹、冬瓜等，下辅料的时间次序也不同，务必使每种菜软硬得当，看起来也有卖相、颇有点晶莹剔透的感觉，现在的西安人把肉丸胡辣汤也作为一种早餐。每天，早晨人们起床后洗漱完毕，走上街头要一碗肉丸胡辣汤一咥（die）（陕西方言是吃的意思）各奔东西，展开一天新的工作。

10、蜜枣甑糕

做甑糕在四关：一泡米，米是糯米，水是清水，浸一晌，米心泡开，淘洗数遍，去浮沫，沥水分。二装甑，先枣子，后米，一层铺一层，一层比一层多，最后以枣收顶。三火功，大火煮半晌，慢火煮晌。四加水，一为甑内的枣米加温水，使枣米交融，二为从放气口给大口锅加凉水，使锅内产生热气冲入甑内。”

11、石子馍

主要原料是：面粉、猪油、小油（植物油）、食盐、大料、花椒、葱等。石子烧饼外观焦黄鲜亮，中凹边突，活像一个椭圆形的小金盆，咬开后层次分明，外酥内软，咸香可口，经久耐贮。这种馍是用上等白面粉，放入油和盐(糖)，有的还加入鲜花椒叶，制成馍坯，烙制而成。具有油酥咸香，营养丰富，易于消化，携带方便，经久耐贮的特点。是关中农村常用的赠送亲友、招待佳宾，或作为产妇、病人的营养食品。

【生活习俗】

八百里秦川尘土飞扬，三千万秦人齐吼秦腔，端一碗髯面喜气洋洋，没撮辣子嘟嘟囔囔。这是秦人的自画像，也是秦地风情较直观的写照，我们不妨试着从解读这段话开始。八百秦川一片沃野是人所共知的，但有幸在站在黄土上听过秦人吼秦腔的游客恐怕并不多，秦腔粗犷，雄浑体现了秦人骠悍的风格，它是中国最古老的戏曲，同时也是包括京剧在内众多地方戏曲的鼻祖，千百年来传流至今。有说秦腔最早源于秦兵军阵中，那么可想而知，秦俑们当时应该是各个都能吼两嗓子，并引以为乐的。

秦人爱吃辣子，也应该是自古就有的事，要不到今天秦人仍特别能吃，且顿顿饭离不了它。陕西也有一种汉堡包叫馍夹辣子，但这种吃食不是谁都能消受得起的，连一向以能吃辣子著称的四川人，湖南人见了这种吃食也是要却步的。陕西人吃的辣子——油泼辣子，是有当地特色的，出了陕西就很难吃到，这的确是事实。

秦人守根，乡土意识重，这与他们的饮食习惯是脱不了干系。陕西人爱吃面，而陕西本地的特色面食也相当丰富，如歧山臊子面、回民牛肉面、陕北羊肉面、户县摆汤面、出了西安火车站就能吃的马虎面„„林林总总，不仅好吃，而且每种面食里都包含着文化。比方说有一个在中国所有字典里都查不到的字，外地人不认识，但陕西人几乎妇孺皆知，不仅能读正音，甚至能给你背出一段口诀来：“一点飞上天，黄河两道弯，八字大张口，工字往进走， 6

西安导游词

你一扭，我一扭，中间夹个盐篓篓，你一尝，他一尝，中间坐个马大王，心子底，月字旁，画个勾搭挂麻糖，推个车子上咸阳”。这个字其实指的也是一种陕西地方面食，叫（ biang ）面，传说也是秦始皇最爱吃的。陕西八大怪里的面条擀地象腰带，指的就是它，这种面又宽又厚，一根能盛一大老碗，可吃起来特筋道，且越嚼越有味，面香会始终充塞你的鼻息。

参观过秦俑的人也许会发现秦俑的装束有些奇特，即秦俑有着铠甲的，但无一戴头盔的，无论士兵和将军。这是有原因的，秦人以耕战强国，提倡勇于公战，作战一般不戴头盔，甚至脱去铠甲冲锋陷阵，锐不可挡，素有科头锐士之称。难怪乎同为秦人的杨虎城将军说：“江南的才子江北的将，陕西的冷娃站两行”。秦人子孙们也多少承继了他们先辈那种率真，果敢，一往无前的作风。至今还能听到秦人用坎头子来称呼自己的子弟，是把科头音读转了，在国家开发大西部的进程里，秦俑的子孙凭着“科头”和“冷娃”这种精神做事必定会有所作为，让秦俑的故乡变得更美丽，富庶的。

“而今不见古时月，今月曾经照古人。”当你行走在秦地的街巷中，相信你一定能找到你要找寻的身影。

【西安世园会】

2011年4月-10月以“天人长安、创意自然——城市与自然和谐共生”为主题的世界园艺博览会在西安浐灞生态区举行，当时全世界的目光都会聚焦浐灞，聚焦西安这座可爱的城市，聚焦这座古老而不保守、繁华而不浮躁、进取而不张扬、务实而不盲目的城市。

“俱怀逸兴壮思飞，欲上青天揽明月”，西安向世界展现了文明中国拥有的自信、开放、大气、包容、向上的民族精神，铸造了炎黄子孙永远为之自豪的文化高地。“一座城市的历史就是一个民族的历史”，西安，这座中国历史文化的首善之都，以世代传承的雍容儒雅，大气恢弘，成为中国历史的底片，中国文化的名片和中国精神的芯片。

特别要告诉大家的是，在西安你可能不出国门就感受到国际的气息，因为这里是“世界千年古都”；在西安你可能没有房子就能找到家的感觉，因为这里是“华夏精神故乡”。西安从历史中姗姗走来，她在接受新时代的洗礼和考验。她像一位睿智的老人，须发间充满学问和智慧；又像一位风华的青年，眉宇间流露胆识和气魄；像书香门第里的大家闺秀，又像叱咤时代的城市小资；她是智慧与力量的结合，是传统与现代的结合。

【交通便捷】

西安是交通畅达、区位优势明显的城市。西安地处中国陆地版图中心和我国中西部两大经济区域的结合部，是西北通往西南、中原、华东和华北各地市的门户和交通枢纽。在全国区域经济布局上，西安作为新亚欧大陆桥中国段——陇海兰新铁路沿线经济带上最大的中心城市，是国家实施西部大开发战略的桥头堡，具有承东启西、连接南北的重要战略地位。

西安是全国连接南北的“大十字”网状铁路交通和陕西省“米”字形铁路交通的重要枢纽，是全国干线公路网中最大的节点城市之

一、中国六大航空枢纽之

一、六大通讯枢纽之一，枢纽城市特点十分突出。随着国家高速铁路网的加快建设，未来五年内，西安一日交通圈覆盖范围将扩大到大半个中国，辐射人口由现在的6亿扩大到12亿以上。西安地处中国的地理中心，作为联接西部的重要交通枢纽，西安已形成了以航空、铁路、公路为主的现代化立体交通网络。

【城市结构】

西安城市结构十分整齐，整个城市是以钟楼为中心辐射出东西南北四条大街与城墙相接，形成的田子型骨架。

如果大家留意就会发现西安的建筑不是很高，其实这和我们八十年代的市政规划有关系。为了保持古城风貌，城墙以内，钟楼附近不能有高层建筑，如果我们在西安看到了高楼大厦一定是到了西安的南郊或是西郊了。而且西安的街道很宽很直，很容易辨认方向，都是 7

西安导游词

正南正北正西正东的路，他们形成井字型的交叉，“市井”一词就源于古代的西安城。西安的街道没有弯路，就向西安人的性格一样，心胸宽广，直来直去，不会拐弯抹角。

西安现在是高楼大厦与居室庭院并存，宽阔大街与僻街小巷相映成趣，既有古都风貌，又有现代城市的特色。

【宗教传承】

自汉代佛教传入我国，经历南北朝而成为门阀士族们的意识形态。唐代尊佛、崇佛蔚然成风。长安作为绵延万里、横跨亚欧的“丝绸之路”东端和世界性大都会，汇集了来自世界各国的各种教派的名僧和传教者。唐长安的城内城外，塔寺林立，讲经听法者云集。

据历史文献记载，长安城内僧寺多达122座，尼寺31座，帝王和朝廷显贵以建寺、度僧为荣。这些寺院的规模之大，也是非常惊人的，如慈恩寺即“重楼复殿，云阁洞房，凡十余院，总一千八百九十六间，占地三百四十二亩”。在开明和开放的唐代，不但异彩纷呈的佛寺各个教派和作为国教的道教非常活跃，而且景教（基督教传人东方的别称）、摩尼教、伊斯兰教也相继传人中国，为中外文化的繁荣做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

时至今日，长安城内外尚留有多处宗教文化遗存，巍峨的慈恩寺大雁塔和秀丽的荐福寺小雁塔，成为历史文化名城西安的象征。法门寺因出土了唐代珍藏的四枚佛指舍利而重新成为佛教圣地。大兴善寺、青龙寺、香积寺等著名寺院，也都成为中外友好交往的象征和观光圣地。著名的道观楼观台、八仙宫和城内中西合璧的化觉巷清真大寺，则分别是道教和伊斯兰教文化的重要传播地。

【西安发展】

大家听了半天，可能觉得“嘿，这不是还是拿着古人的东西来炫富吗？现在的西安有啥啊！”下面我就给大家捋一捋咱们新西安的新发展。

说起西安的现在，首先它是西北最大工业城市，工业总产值占了西北五省的20%；西安又是西北最大商贸中心城市，漫步西安街头，商场林立，人群熙熙攘攘，商业很发达；

西安也是一座充满创新和活力的科教之城，中国重要的科研教育、国防工业和高新技术产业基地之一。因自古原因，中国最古老的皇家大学——太学就创建于西安，所以西安的教育力量非常雄厚，仅次于北京和上海，位于全国第三位。现有大专院校49所，每年有50多所高校的20万大学生，从这里走向世界。有超过3000件技术专利和10000件科研成果问世。是全国高校密度和受高等教育人数最多的城市。

西安的航空航工力量居全国首位，我们的阎良飞机城生产了运

七、飞豹、方舟等飞机，中国唯一的卫星测控中心就在我们的东郊；西安的军工生产力量仅次于重庆，位于全国第二，西安分布了许多大型军工企业；

作为举世闻名的古代丝绸之路起点之一，作为“关中—天水经济区”的门户城市之一，西安在不断加强内涵建设，改善城市人居环境，培育最佳投资沃土，发展多元对外贸易，积极促进西安特色产业和核心竞争力的全面提升。在未来的日子里，西安将担负起引领大关中，辐射大西北的重任，成为新一轮西部大开发的先锋。

西安又是著名的旅游城市，文物古迹众多，素有“地上一座城，地下一座城”的美称，每年来西安的游客非常的多，外国游客来中国旅游，西安是必不可少的一站，西安旅游业收入占国民总产值15%左右，一年大约有150多个亿。

西安的发展方向用江总书记的一句话概括：以科技、旅游、商贸为先导，把西安建设成为一个外向型的现代化城市。

【司马相如】

【人物生平】

司马相如（约前179年—前127年），字长卿，因仰慕战国时的名相蔺相如而改名，汉族，蜀郡（今四川省南充人)。西汉大辞赋家，其代表作品为《子虚赋》。作品词藻富丽，结 8

西安导游词

构宏大，使他成为汉赋的代表作家，后人称之为赋圣。少年时代喜欢读书练剑，二十多岁时以訾（钱财）为郎，做了汉景帝的武骑常侍，但这些并非其所好，因而有不遇知音之叹。景帝不好辞赋，待梁孝王刘武来朝时，司马相如才得以结交邹阳、枚乘、庄忌等辞赋家。后来他因病退职，前往梁地与这些志趣相投的文士共事，就在此时他为梁王写了那篇著名的《子虚赋》。他与卓文君的私奔故事也广为流传。鲁迅的《汉文学史纲要》中还把二人放在一个专节里加以评述，指出：“武帝时文人，赋莫若司马相如，文莫若司马迁”。

《凤求凰》传说是汉代文学家司马相如的古琴曲，演义了司马相如与卓文君的爱情故事。以“凤求凰”为通体比兴，不仅包含了热烈的求偶，而且也象征着男女主人公理想的非凡，旨趣的高尚，知音的默契等丰富的意蕴。全诗言浅意深，音节流亮，感情热烈奔放而又深挚缠绵，融楚辞骚体的旖旎绵邈和汉代民歌的清新明快于一炉。即使是后人伪托之作，亦并不因此而减弱其艺术价值。

凤兮凤兮归故乡，遨游四海求其凰。时未遇兮无所将，何悟今兮升斯堂！有艳淑女在闺房，室迩人遐毒我肠。何缘交颈为鸳鸯，胡颉颃兮共翱翔！凰兮凰兮从我栖，得托孳尾永为妃。交情通意心和谐，中夜相从知者谁？双翼俱起翻高飞，无感我思使余悲。【琴挑文君】

汉朝的大才子司马相如为景帝时武骑常侍，刘武去世后，相如离开梁地回到家乡四川临邛，生活清贫。临邛令王吉与相如交好，对他说：“长卿，你长期离乡在外，求官任职，不太顺心，可以来我这里看看。”于是相如在临邛都亭住下，王吉天天拜访相如，相如托病不见，王吉更显恭敬。

临邛富人卓王孙得知“(县)令有贵客”，便设宴请客结交，相如称病不能前往，王吉亲自相迎，相如只得前去赴宴。“一坐尽倾”。酒酣耳热之际，相如一曲《凤求凰》打动了卓王孙新寡的女儿卓文君。文君听到了司马相如的琴声，偷偷地从门缝中看他，不由得为他的气派、风度和才情所吸引，产生了敬慕之情。宴毕，相如又通过文君的侍婢向她转达心意。于是文君深夜逃出家门，与相如私奔到了成都。卓王孙大怒，声称女儿违反礼教，自己却不忍心杀她，但连一个铜板都不会给女儿。

司马相如的家境穷困不堪，除了四面墙壁之外，简直一无所有。卓文君在成都住了一些时候，对司马相如说：“其实你只要跟我到临邛去，向我的同族兄弟们借些钱，我们就可以设法维持生活了。”司马相如听了她的话，便跟她一起到了临邛。他们把车马卖掉做本钱，开了一家酒店。卓文君当垆卖酒，掌管店务；司马相如系着围裙，夹杂在伙计们中间洗涤杯盘瓦器。

卓王孙闻讯后，深以为耻，觉得没脸见人，就整天大门不出。他的弟兄和长辈都劝他说：“你只有一子二女，又并不缺少钱财。如今文君已经委身于司马相如，司马相如一时不愿到外面去求官，虽然家境清寒，但毕竟是个人材；文君的终身总算有了依托。而且，他还是我们县令的贵客，你怎么可以叫他如此难堪呢？”卓王孙无可奈何，只得分给文君奴仆百人，铜钱百万，又把她出嫁时候的衣被财物一并送去。于是，卓文君和司马相如双双回到成都，购买田地住宅，过着富足的生活。

司马相如有财、有名后，又受皇帝宠幸，便宿娼纳妾，竟不理会卓文君。后人为卓文君作《白头吟》——“皑如山上雪，皎若云间月。闻君有两意，故来相决绝。今日斗酒会，明旦沟水头。躞蹀御沟上，沟水东西流。凄凄复凄凄，嫁娶不须啼；愿得一心人，白头不相离。竹竿何袅袅，鱼尾何簁簁。男儿重意气，何用钱刀为！”天下的负心郎皆愧之。

【犬子的由来】

“犬子”本是司马相如的小名，后来竟巍巍然成了对自己儿子的谦称。怎么回事 9

西安导游词

呢？据太史公《史记》的记载，司马相如“少时好读书，学击剑，故其亲名之曰犬子”。也就是说“犬子”其实是他的乳名，或者名字。就像“二毛”，“小胖”之类，难登大雅之堂。他长大后，也觉得名字不好听，加上又仰慕蔺相如的为人，自己便更名为相如。最开始，“犬子”之称，其实并无小名之意，只是司马相如的父母为了小儿好养活，便特意选一个低贱的字词为之命名，以远离鬼魅，但因为司马相如长大后自己改了名字，“犬子”才成了小名。

随着司马相如的成名，“犬子”也不断为人所知。自此而后，因为司马相如的巨大历史以及文化影响，人们谦称自家儿郎，便纷纷用上了“犬子”一词，争相仿效，附庸风雅，竟一时蔚然成风，堂堂皇传至于今日，成为中国人日常用语之不自觉习惯。

第13篇：西安导游词

篇1：

各位游客：大家好！欢迎大家来到古城西安旅游，我是你们的导游，我姓黄，叫我小黄或伟群都行。我今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，很高兴，希望我能和各位一起度过这一段美好的时光。今天我先带大家去最著名的秦兵马俑。

秦兵马俑在我国西安临潼出土，今天我就带领你们游览这举世无双，享誉世界的历史文物。

看！这就是将军佣，它身体魁梧，头戴鹤冠，身上披着铠甲，手里还握着宝剑，看它若有所思的样子，好象在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢！

瞧！这个兵马俑是陶马，它的大小跟真马差不多，个个形体键壮，肌肉丰满，看它跃跃欲试的样子，好象一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程哩！

今天，我的讲解就到这，档案，先的景点不知这一关额，还有先古城墙，华清池等等，这些景点我都会带你们去的，今天我们就先到这里，大家回去好好休息，然后有一个好的状态再继续我们明天的行程，希望大家今晚能休息好，我们明天见。

篇2：

大家好，我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小王。很荣幸能为大家服务，今天我带大家去参观西安城墙。

我们现在看到的这座古城堡就是明西安城墙，是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的。它是我国中世纪后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡防御设施。

西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。我们现在看到的城墙可追溯到隋代。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为“西方长治久安”。拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。历时8年修筑完的城墙外形是一座长方形。城墙高15米，顶宽12—14米，底宽16—18米，周长13。9公里。最底层用黄土与石灰、糯米汁拌合而成，干燥之后，异常坚固。

西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施。好了，现在让我们亲自来感受这座科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。

这就是我们今天游览的西安城墙，它是世世代代陕西人的骄傲，是唐代文明的象征。

篇3:

各位游客，大家好，现在我们的目的地是——西安碑林博物馆

西安碑林博物馆，位于西安市三学街孔庙遗址，是我国收藏古代碑石墓志时间最早，名碑最多，数量最大的一座艺术宝库，

孔庙遗址是西安碑林博物馆的重要组成部分，其建置历史可追溯到北宋末年，南门照壁上的“孔庙”两字是由清代书画家刘晖书写的。现在的大门东西开，俗称“礼门”、“义路”。走进博物馆大门内，首先映入眼帘的是一座雕梁画栋的木牌枋，名叫“太和元气坊”。

西安碑林因碑石丛立如林而得名，它始建于公元1087年，距今已有900多年的历史，被誉为“石质书库”、“书法的故乡”。西安碑林是为保存唐代《石台孝经》、《开成石经》而建，经历代不断的整修充实，集中展出了汉魏至明清的碑石墓志1000多件。

游客朋友们，碑林博物馆的参观讲解就到这里，谢谢大家的配合，欢迎大家下次再来参观，谢谢大家！

篇4：

尊敬的各位游客：大家好！欢迎到家来到西安，西安是著名的古城，我将带领大家游览几天，那么首先我们就去秦始皇陵观光。

始皇陵位于西安市临潼区东约五千米处，它南依骊山，北临渭水，地势险峻，环境优美。陵园规模宏大，陪葬品重多，像一座丰富的地下文物宝库。据史书记载，秦始皇赵政从13岁就开始营建陵园，修剪时间长达38年。工程浩大，气魄宏伟，创历代封建统治者奢侈厚葬之先例。1974年在其东侧发现兵马俑坑，轰动了中国，震惊了世界，是20世纪最伟大的考过发现之一。1978年，法国前总统希拉克参观后说：“世界上有了七大奇迹，秦俑的发现，可以说是八大奇迹了，不看金字塔不算到埃及，不看秦俑不算到中国。”秦始皇兵马俑博物馆是建立在兵马俑坑原址上的遗址型博物馆，于1979年10月开馆。1987年12月联合国教文组织将秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家在游览时要注意以下几点：1。不要大声喧哗。2。不要拥挤，要有秩序的参观。3。不要乱写乱画，保护文物。现在我就带大家一起参观一下吧！

篇5：

哈喽！欢迎大家来到西安，我是你们的小导游刘琳，我和大家初次见面，请大家多多关照，下面我们就前往清华池吧！

朋友们，我们正在走廊，请大家往前看，那就是黄河母亲，她一身雪白，还抱着不到一岁的孩子，用乳汁哺育这他，这黄河母亲大概有两米多高。我们联想一下我们小时候，妈妈肯定也这么爱你吧！

黄河母亲大家已经看过了，我们就去对面那座山吧！它叫作鸟山，必须坐缆车去。请大家做好准备，缆车要出发了！请大家往下看，这就是清华池，很美丽吧！

好了！大家该下缆车了，我们已经到达鸟山了。请大家往里面走，看！那是八哥！多么可爱呀！大家自己看吧！可不要掉队哦！好了！大家应该看完了，我们下山吧！

look！那是青春泉！听说只要用哪里的泉水洗脸，脸上永远不会有皱纹哦！青春泉的左面是皇上和他的妃子洗澡地方，只要往里面头一两个硬币，就会来年有好运！

好了！今天的清华池一日游结束了！我也要和大家说再见了！请大家不要忘记今天哦！

第14篇：西安古城墙导游词

各位游客：

中国拥有数百座古代城墙，其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墙规模最大，但北京、南京古城墙先后被拆毁或严重残缺，而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墙迄今仍保存完整。日本天皇访华来西安时，放着“世界第八大奇迹”秦俑坑不看，却登上了始建于600多年前的西门城楼，领略了这座古代城墙的雄姿。下面请大家跟我一起实地去参观西安古城墙。

【城墙的起源】

各位游客，这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。现在我们来到城墙脚下，请大家走上城墙游览。

大家一定想知道城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是纳民，所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国，由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇，同样是城墙的意思。只是后来随着社会的发展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解释。“城”字最早出现在周朝的金文中，从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制，而在意识形态上看，城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙，是用它来保护自己，宣示国威。现在我们看到的西安城墙，是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年（公元1370年）朱元璋下诏修城开始动工，至洪武十一年（公元1378年）完工，历时8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的，经过历代修葺，基本上保持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。

【城垣规模和结构设施】

各位游客，那么西安城墙到底有多大呢？它的结构又是怎样的？据测算，西安城墙周长11.9千米，其中东城墙2590米，西城墙2631.2米，南城墙3441.6米，北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。

大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城，那叫瓮城。所谓瓮城，意为敌人一旦进入，就会受到瓮城城墙上面的四面夹击，犹如瓮中之鳖，无法逃脱。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城，古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间，关闭城门后尚未回城的人可连同自己牵的羊、赶的马等，进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息，等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门（西门）瓮城北门外约17.5米处发现羊马城北侧门道，长5.5米，宽2.4米。现在大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城，墙体长198米，高9.5米。

护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载：唐天祐年间，韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时，东郭小城大部分被包在大城内，留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前，四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段，郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。

现在我们来到西安城内东北处，这里曾经是明秦王府城，简称王城。明初，朱元津封其次子为秦王，命其坐镇西安，加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙，全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖，故称砖墙。明灭后，萧墙被毁。清雍正年间，西安修庙宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。

明代建西安城时，全城城门有4座：“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼，也叫正楼，是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼，因楼壁辟有箭窗，是当时发箭防御之用。到了民国时又开辟了4座城门，俗称小四门：中山门（小东门），在现在的东新街东端，是为纪念孙中山修建的；勿幕门（小南门），在今天的四府街南端；玉祥门（小西门），在莲湖路西端，解放后，此门被拆；解放门（小北门），原名中正门，在解放路北端，当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建，到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在解放后也开辟了新城门，南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，只有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。

古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼，值得一看。

【焕发新颜的古城墙】

各位游客，经过十多年的整体开发，古都西安已把位于市中心的残破的明代城垣，改造成颇具特色、中外罕见的环城旅游风景区。1983年，西安市开始了建国以来规模最大的文物保护开发，到1997年底累计投资2.27亿元，不仅全面修缮了城墙，填补了大小洞穴1650个，还重建敌楼四座、角楼2座以及南门月城、闸楼、吊桥各一处，同时对环城河、林、路进行了全面整治。现在，从14条被修复的马道缓步登城，能见到长1334o米的城垛，还有11500米的女儿墙也全部修复。站在高12米的城头上举目远眺，南边的终南山、北部的渭水河遥遥相望；俯首四顾，城内城外市容尽收眼底。城上还陈列弓弩。滚木、擂石等防卫工具，城下复设吊桥、云梯，供人使用参观。从城墙下到环城河边，修建了20多座桥，城河到城脚之间的环城绿化带，成了西安最大的绿化公园，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，诗碑雕塑，应有尽有。

各位游客，西安古城墙的开发，受到了中外人士的高度评价：过去把古城墙看作是妨碍现代化城市发展的枷锁，如今它却成了使古城增添姿彩的花环。专家们还评价，秦始皇兵马湘的发掘，一举成就了世界奇迹；而西安明代城墙的维修，同样引起了世界瞩目。联合国教科文组织的专家来此后，一致同意推荐它列入“世界遗产名录”。

【焕发新颜的古城墙】

各位游客，经过十多年的整体开发，古都西安已把位于市中心的残破的明代城垣，改造成颇具特色、中外罕见的环城旅游风景区。1983年，西安市开始了建国以来规模最大的文物保护开发，到1997年底累计投资2.27亿元，不仅全面修缮了城墙，填补了大小洞穴1650个，还重建敌楼四座、角楼2座以及南门月城、闸楼、吊桥各一处，同时对环城河、林、路进行了全面巍Ｏ衷冢?4条被修复的马道缓步登城，能见到长1334o米的城垛，还有11500米的女儿墙也全部修复。站在高12米的城头上举目远眺，南边的终南山、北部的渭水河遥遥相望；俯首四顾，城内城外市容尽收眼底。城上还陈列弓弩。滚木、擂石等防卫工具，城下复设吊桥、云梯，供人使用参观。从城墙下到环城河边，修建了20多座桥，城河到城脚之间的环城绿化带，成了西安最大的绿化公园，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，诗碑雕塑，应有尽有。

第15篇：西安碑林导游词

陕西省西安市南城墙魁星楼下的碑林，因碑石丛立如林而得名。这是收藏中国古代碑石时间最早名碑最多的汉族文化艺术宝库。下面是小编想跟大家分享的写西安碑林的导游词，欢迎大家浏览。西安碑林的导游词一

西安碑林是在原西安府文庙和西安碑林旧址上建立起来的，到的是第一部分碑林博物馆前院，也就是文庙，文庙就是孔庙，现在仍保持着孔庙建筑的格调。大家已经看到博物馆门外南墙上，有两个苍劲有力的描金大字“孔庙”，是由清末陕西著名书画家刘晖所书。

请大家看这个牌坊，它叫“太和元气坊”。按照当时的礼制规定，进入孔庙应先经过“太和元气坊”，但因为“太和元气坊”的南面是城墙，不便人们出入，所以在东西两面开了供人们出入的“礼门”和“义路”。中间有座是半圆形的池子。这就是泮池。在封建社会，只有考上秀才方可进人孔庙朝拜，并在泮池洗笔。各位游客不妨也以秀才的身份，沿祭孔的路线，感受一下秀才祭拜的仪俗。接着进入棂星门，这也是孔庙的第二道门。门额刻有“德配天地”和“道冠古今”。有三门，每到祭孔大典时，中门只能进出主祭人员或最高官员，一般官员走西门，东门是其他人员出入的。戟门，又称仪门，是进入孔庙的第三道门。这是古代孔庙陈列兵器用的，两侧室则为祭孔人员熟悉仪规和整理衣冠而设。

好了，关于孔庙的内容我们就讲到这里。现在请大家随我看两件国宝级文物，它们分别是唐景云钟和大夏石马，现立于戟门内的左右两侧。

唐景云钟因铸于唐睿宗景云二年（711）而得名。此钟重约6吨，是我国古代最大的铜钟之一。钟身最顶端蹲有蒲牢，传说它是龙的九子之一，因善鸣，所以伏于钟顶。钟上铭文共292个字，是唐睿宗李旦所撰写的，主要描述道教的神秘玄妙和对景云钟的赞语以及钟的铸造经过。铭文外，钟身分别布着雕刻精美纹饰及32枚钟乳，既装饰了钟表，又起到调节音韵的作用。这座钟移被选入世界名钟之列。每年除夕，中央人民广播电台播出的第一声钟响，即是景云钟钟声的录音。

这是一件唯一有大夏记年的文物，称为“大夏石马”。大夏即为大夏国，是东晋十六国时期族匈奴人赫连勃勃建立的国家，拥有陕西北部和内蒙部分地区。赫连勃勃命其长子赫连镇守长安，这匹马便立于赫连璝的墓旁，便是大夏国铁骑神骏征战南北的纪念与见证。石马由整块石料雕刻而成，肌肉丰满，马腿间有两组石柱，使马站的很稳，这也是它从战火纷飞的年代保存至今的原因之一。

西安碑林的导游词二

在这里，你可以体会到中国书法的艺术，也可以感受到强烈的文化气息。请大家跟随我的脚步一起走进，有着“石质书库”和“书法故乡”之称的西安碑林博物馆。大家都知道碑林是由于碑石耸立如林而得名的，那么我们西安碑林是在中国古代文庙的基础之上发展起来的。从1087年到现在已经经历了900多年的历史。收藏的碑石有3000多方，所以在全国来说是一个最大的碑石博物馆了。

我们现在的位置就是孔庙。站在孔庙当中，最先吸引我们眼球的，就是这座高大的牌楼了。它叫做“太和元气坊”。在上方还有非常精美的双龙戏珠图。整个太和元气坊，我们可以用，高大而又不失精巧来形容它。

在太和元气坊的底下，我们看到了一个水池，叫做泮池。中间有一座非常窄的小桥称泮桥。在古代只有考中秀才的人，才有资格在泮池里洗笔，并且走过泮桥。

走过泮桥之后，出现在我们眼前非常古朴独特的门就叫做“棂星门”。在门的中间可以看到两个大字“文庙”。左边有“德被天地”，右边有“道贯古今”，这两句话、八个字都是出自于《论语》。

现在请大家随我一起穿越棂星门，我们即将跨越的第二道门叫“戟门”。在古代，想要祭拜孔子，文人走到这个地方要下轿，武官走到这个地方要下马，在两边的房子整理衣冠，才可以拜见孔子的。

穿过戟门之后，大家可以看到在我们的左手边有一匹石马，它就是大夏石马了它的雕刻风格属于圆雕形式线条粗旷简洁给人一种古朴与凝重的感觉，大家都知道马的四蹄应该是直接立在地上的，可是大家看这匹马的前面和后面之间都有一定石头的处理，为什么呢？就是为了防止战马倒塌，大家仔细看这匹马的腿部下方刻有“大夏真兴六年”等字样，这匹战马是唯一的有大夏纪年的文物，所以非常珍贵，属于国宝级文物。

现在咱们一起去看下对面的另一件国宝级文物——景云钟，我相信大家都有听过这口钟的钟声。在哪听过呢？就是每年除夕之夜12点响起的钟声。景云钟因刻于唐睿宗景云二年而得名景云钟。他的独特之处在于它有三绝：这第一绝就是它纹饰非常精美。它分为上中下三段，每一段有很多的格子，每个中有不同的图案。第二绝就是它的声音清脆悦耳洪亮。第三绝就在于它的这段文字。它是由唐睿宗李旦亲自撰写的。李旦曾经写过三处的书法，但是流传至今的只有这口钟上的书法了。所以这段文字非常珍贵。它讲了两个内容：一个是宣扬这口钟的钟声。另一个则是道教的奥秘了。

请大家继续随我前行，我们现在所在的位置就是就碑林广场了。大家看到道路两旁这六座对称的八角亭是清代建筑，里面陈放的碑石，主要记载的是当年康熙、乾隆平定战乱的一些经过，我们称其为御碑亭。现在大家随我来看这个亭子，它就是我们碑林标志性的建筑和象征了。我们可以抬头看到苍劲有力的两个大字“碑林”。他就是由当时著名的大将军林则徐亲自书写的。

在“碑林”两字下方，迎面而来的，就是体积最为庞大、制作最为精美，并且最早迁至西安碑林，被誉为“迎客第一碑”的——《石台孝经》。

它是由唐玄宗李隆基亲自撰写，并且注释，又建立于三层石台之上，所以叫做《石台孝经》。想必唐玄宗将这样的孝经刻在碑石之上，主要是想告知天下他要以孝来治理天下。

整个《石台孝经》高近6米，碑身，碑座，碑首由35块巨石组成。所以此碑显得是顶天立地气度不凡，因此也有“迎客第一碑”之称。下面请各位游客随我一同进入碑林的第一陈列室。我们首先看到的就是《开成石经》。因刻于唐文宗开元二年，而得名的《开成石经》，可以说是世界上最厚、最重的一本书了。

在我们来到碑林之后，就会看到这样一个明确的记载：他一共有65万252字，主要的内容有我们众所周知的《论语》、《尔雅》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》等等。最初只有12部经书，清代又补刻了《孟子》一书，合称13经。也是当时所有的知识分子，科举考试所必读之书。由于在古代印刷术还不是十分的发达，为了避免手抄的错误，所以讲经文科到石头上作为范本供认们校对。有很高的史料价值。

请大家继续随我前行，我们就步入了碑林的第二陈列室了，这个展室主要向大家展示的是一些唐代名碑，可谓是精华荟萃之地。在众多的碑石当中，我们着重的来看颜真卿的作品。首先我们可以看到《大唐多宝塔感应碑》。是颜真卿在44岁的时候，所著作的。说道颜真卿，相信大家对他的字都不会感到陌生，“颜筋柳骨”，颜体字也是一字值千金的。在这，我们还可以对照着另外一块碑石—《颜氏家庙碑》，来看一下，这是颜真卿在72岁时所写的。

有这样一个说法：多宝塔感应碑是颜真卿的早期作品，而颜氏家庙碑则是他的成名作和成熟作了。所以我们可以非常清晰的看到，多宝塔感应碑的字显得非常的清秀、瘦小，而颜氏家庙碑的字，就显的成熟了许多，肥厚了许多。

说道中国的书法家，都是“字如其人”。颜真卿可以说是“字如其人”的典范。在他77岁的时候，奉命劝喻参加叛乱的淮宁节度使李希烈，在以死相胁和高官厚禄的利诱下，当面痛斥李希烈，并给自己写好了墓志铭和祭文，立志以死报国，最终被李希烈缢死。颜真卿向我们展示了一代书法宗师的气节与风范。

好，我们就来到了第三陈列室。在这里，主要欣赏到的是草书的代表。来看一下张旭的《肚痛贴》、和怀素的《千字文》。说道张旭，他被后人称为“张癫”。有一个爱好，就是喝酒，并且是逢酒必醉。酒醉之后，会拿着头发沾上墨汁，挥“发疾书”。

讲到怀素，和张旭是一样的，虽然身为和尚，可是却有着共同的爱好，就是喝酒，并且也是逢酒必醉。两位书法家的字体有着非常多的相似之处。比如说都是非常的洒脱、非常的奔放。两通作品都是草书的代表，同时也是国宝级的文物。

接下来，展现在眼前的就是第四陈列室当中的两幅图画了。首先，我们来看一下第一副《关帝诗竹图》，细心的游客会发现它并非一幅简单的竹子图，而是由一首五言绝句所组成的。叫做“不谢东君意，甘心独立明。莫嫌孤叶淡，终久不凋零”。是关羽“身在曹营心在汉”的写照了。整幅图充满了诗情画意，非常有趣，也是非常之精美。

接着我们再看一下旁边的《魁星点斗图》，主人公是以一个小鬼的身份出现的，他脚底下踩着一个鳌，手里点着一个斗，希望自己可以高中的意思。同样是由两句话八个字所组成的，叫做“正心修身，克己复礼”，是说人不管做什么事，只要认真，都一样会做的到。

在请大家随我这边，我们进入了碑林的最后一个部分——石刻艺术室。

它分为两个部分。一部分是陵墓石刻，一部分是宗教石刻。我们先来看陵墓石刻的代表——“昭陵六骏”。

昭陵六骏是唐太宗李世民的昭陵墓前的石刻，相传是由著名画家阎立本所作。它们分别是白蹄乌，特勒彪。拳毛騧，飒露紫，青骓，什伐赤。是李世民在开国战争中曾骑过并壮烈牺牲的坐骑。唐太宗为显示自己的赫赫战功和对者流匹骏马的思念才诏令立昭陵六骏。但是今天有一个遗憾之处，就是我们看到的这六匹马当中有两匹马是复制品，也就是大家看上去比较完整的两匹，一个叫做“拳毛騧”，一个叫做“飒露紫”，他们是1914年被美国人盗走的，现存于美国法尼亚大学博物馆中。六骏经历了1000多年的风雨沧桑但他们造型依就健美，神态逼真。是唐代接触的艺术珍品之一。

好，我们进入宗教展区参观。大家看到的这个叫“皇兴造像”。“皇兴”是北魏的年号，它采用浮雕手法来体现犍陀罗雕艺术。犍陀罗是古印度的一个地名，它集中了犍陀罗与古希腊两地雕刻技法的精华，它的特点是姿态生动，线条简洁，衣纹质感强。

好了各位朋友，到这里，我们的游览就全部结束了。但愿今天的参观能带给您一些收获。谢谢大家！

第16篇：西安名胜古迹导游词

西安是一个古老的的城市，在里面有很多名胜古迹，你想要看看这个古韵的城市吗？下面是小编整理的西安名胜古迹导游词，欢迎阅读。西安名胜古迹导游词1

大家好，我是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小王。很荣幸能为大家服务，今天我带大家去参观西安城墙。

西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。我们现在看到的城墙可追溯到隋代。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为“西方长治久安”。拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。历时8年修筑完的城墙外形是一座长方形。城墙高15米，顶宽12—14米，底宽16—18米，周长13.9公里。最底层用黄土与石灰、糯米汁拌合而成，干燥之后，异常坚固。

这就是我们今天游览的西安城墙，它是世世代代陕西人的骄傲，是唐代文明的象征。

西安名胜古迹导游词2

各位游客，大家好，现在我们的目的地是——西安碑林博物馆。

西安碑林博物馆，位于西安市三学街孔庙遗址，是我国收藏古代碑石墓志时间最早，名碑最多，数量最大的一座艺术宝库，

游客朋友们，碑林博物馆的参观讲解就到这里，谢谢大家的配合，欢迎大家下次再来参观，谢谢大家！

西安名胜古迹导游词3

大家好！很高兴做你们的导游，下面就跟着我一起去参观，希望我们有一个快乐的旅程。

西安兵马俑，它号称“世界第八大奇迹”，是古代人民智慧的结晶。它总面积是二万零七百八十平方米。第一号兵马俑是一九七四年三月农民伯伯打井时发现的，后来经过考古学家认真的工作，我们才知道兵马俑是地下式土木结构，东西长二百三十米，南北宽六十二米，内有陶俑陶马六千多件。堪称是一颗异彩独放的明珠。

兵马俑博物馆每年接待一百多万中外游客，许多名人都曾来这里参观，整个博物馆占地二百万平方米，馆区内树林、花、草清香，环境幽雅。

为了揭开秦始皇陵墓的奥秘，考古学家从六十年代初开始对陵园进行科学的钻探的调查，最后向世人展示了一个拥有一支雄兵千万，由七千件兵马俑组成的气势磅礴的地下军阵，他们令全球瞩目，举世震惊，但由于我们现代世界技术达不到保护兵马俑的要求，目前只有一号坑、二号坑出土，有几个坑的轮廓已经出现，但停止挖掘的钻探，其它的地下文物都被保护起来，以免遭到破坏。

西安兵马俑，壮丽的景观，世界独有人土的美观！

第17篇：西安简介导游词

导语：大家都明白，咱们全国有许多城市，人们习惯性根据它的特点给它取别称，如哈尔滨称为冰城，昆明称为春城，济南为泉城，西安称为古城，突出一个古字，下面由小编为您整理出的西安简介导游词内容，一起来看看吧。

西安简介导游词1

各位朋友，大家上午好!首先代表西安XX旅行社全体同仁对大家的远到而来表示最热烈的欢迎，欢迎大家来到奇山异水的西安!

我是大家此次西安之行的地接导游员，我叫XX，大家能够叫我XX，X导或者按照我们西安本地的称呼方式，也能够称呼我为XX。在接下来的这X天以内，就由XX带着大家导来导去，期望X导旗不倒大家都玩得好。

接下来要给大家介绍的是一位重量级人物，就是前面给我们开车的X师傅。为什么要称他为重量级人物呢?一会下车的时候，大家看看他的大肚子就明白了。X师傅是跟我们旅行社经常合作的一位老师傅了，有着X多年旅游团队车辆的驾龄，尤其对我们西安的每一条路都十分熟悉。相信，有他的保驾护航，我们的行程会更加顺利。同时也请各位注意车内的环境卫生，这X天我们在车上的时光也会比较多，汽车就是我们另一个流动的家。

那么，在接来X天的接待任务就由X导和X师傅负责完成，我们会用十二分的热情服务于大家，竭尽所能的解决大家旅程当中的每一个问题。同时，旅游活动也是一个可变性较大的团体活动，大家如果在期间给予X导更多理解信任支持的话，将更有助于整个团队顺利有序的进行。X导在那里多谢各位了!(鞠躬)

西安简介导游词2

各位朋友，您们好：

首先欢迎大家乘坐我们的旅游班车，欢迎大家参加我们旅行社安排的东线一日游。我是这天随车导游，我姓*，大家叫我**好了，为咱们驾车的这位师傅姓*，*师傅具有多年的驾龄，是位经验丰富的老司机。这天我们俩共同为大家服务，感到十分的荣幸，我们必须尽全力为大家作好服务工作，期望大家能够满意。如果我们工作中有不周到的地方，敬请批评指正，千万不要客气!预祝大家这天游得尽兴，玩得开心!

西安简介导游词3

女士们，先生们，叔叔阿姨阿姨夫们，老少爷们娘们们，大家早上*点钟好!

首先，我谨代表旅行社老板，全体老板娘以及全体导游向您们表示热烈的欢迎。为了表示我的热情，我要先给大家唱首歌，为什么要唱歌呢?不是因为我唱歌好听。我唱歌属于高音上不去，低音下不来，中间还走调，但是我为什么还要唱呢?我们旅行社老板说了，您们就是我的上帝，耶稣阿门啥的，您们对我们导游十分重要，您们快乐了我们旅行社老板才快乐，旅行社老板快乐经理才能快乐，经理快乐了我们导游才能快乐。所以为了您们快乐我也得唱。

初次见面，所以在那里呢，送给大家一首歌作为见面礼了：要欣赏先鼓掌(停顿)，鼓掌的都是董事长：你未曾见过我，我未曾见过你，年轻的朋友一见面啦，情投意又合。

我也不会说什么华丽的语言，但我保证我说过的话都灵，我嘴开光啦。

我祝愿所有给我鼓掌的朋友长命百岁，我会永远记住您们的，我会永远把您们放在心里。不鼓掌的祝您们打麻将点炮，上厕所忘带手纸，该!

说了这么多，大家可能还都不认识我，自我介绍一下，我姓x，大家称呼我为小x就行了。小x的年龄保密，体重保密，身高保密，唯一不保密的是我的电话号码，大家需要的能够记一下哈，我的电话是******，二十四小时开机，有什么事直接找我能够了。小x长的虽然称不上是沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花，但是我的笑容绝对的灿烂，我对工作绝对的是认真负责!顺便说一下我们家的门牌号，大家千万不要上错了车。

我听见有人乐了。那此刻我给大家隆重的介绍一下咱们的司机师傅，师傅在旅游界是有名的三好先生，车技好，人好，服务态度好!我们俩将互相配合，尽量让您们每个人都满意!同时也期望各位能理解配合支持我们的工作。

西安简介导游词4

来自全国各地的朋友们(或各位漂亮的女士们，帅气的男士们)：您们好，欢迎您们来西安旅游，很荣幸认识大家，更荣幸为大家导游，首先，我代表xx旅行社热忱地欢迎大家的到来，欢迎大家到我们神奇美丽的西安来做客，我姓X，叫XX，大家叫我小X或X导就行。为我们驾车的师傅姓X，X先生行车多年，行车安全交。给他，大家请放心好了。我们的车辆虽然不大，但却容纳五湖四海，因在座的朋友们来自祖国不一样的地方，有道是“有缘千里来相会”既然我们能够从13亿人口中，从960万平方公里的土地上，不一样时刻走到一齐，相聚在楚雄，相聚在这小小的车厢里，这就是缘份!所以我推荐大家都能认识一下，好不好?

好，从此刻起，我们大家就算认‘识了，相信各位朋友都能十分珍惜人生旅途中这一段同行的缘份，在这天的旅游活动中彼此关照，进一步加深我们之间的友谊。

想必在座大多数人是第一次来西安，对西安比较陌生，但不要紧，大家尽可一能放松身心，在西安尽情享受旅游的乐趣，因为我和X先生是值得依靠的，我们必须会尽力为大家做好各种服务，因为XX这座城市是值得依靠的，必须会使您体会到“宾至如归””在家千日好，出门也不难”的感觉，期望XX的好山好水好人，能送给你一份好情绪，期望这份好情绪能伴随您一生一世。

既然已经熟了，在此给大家提几点要求，想必大家也不会见怪。

一是因为各位的生活习惯和爱好一不一样，期望有烟瘾的朋友尽量不要在车里拍烟;二是，大家看，我们的城市比较干净，期望大家不要乱扔纸屑果皮，第三因为是一日游，大家都期望在短时光内能够了解楚雄，所以，请大家必须遵守****时光，最后还有一个要求，就是在座的朋友们如果在旅途中有什么困难和特殊要求，请必须不客气地提出来，我们必须尽力帮你解决。

根据预订的计划，我们这天的旅游线路是这样的。

我和司机先生将努力工作，使大家在楚雄的旅行成功，祝大家在楚雄身体健康，旅途愉快!

第18篇：西安鼓楼导游词

鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。下面小编收集了有关西安鼓楼导游词范文，供大家参考。

篇1：西安鼓楼导游词

尊敬的各位游客：

大家好!很高兴和大家见面，大家就叫我x导吧。接下来就和我一起参观西安钟楼吧!

钟楼位于西安市中心，东南西北四条大街的交汇处。看，在我们眼前的两层建筑就是钟楼，它由基座、楼身和楼顶三部分组成。钟楼高36米，是古色古香的砖瓦结构，四角挑檐翘起，凌空欲飞，楼顶有各色玻璃瓦鲜艳夺目，美丽极了。钟楼四周鲜花环绕，增添了欢乐的节日气氛。

基座是由巨大的城砖筑成，沿着基座北面的楼梯而上，我们便来到钟楼楼身观光台，首先映入我们眼帘的是一口青色的明代大钟，重五吨，里面能容纳五六个人，钟面上雕刻着精美的八卦图案，浑厚洪亮的钟声好像闷雷滚动，告诉周边的人们新一天的到来;如今，钟声祈祷老人的长寿、可以让小孩健康快乐......一跨入展厅大门，就看见三排钟从小到大的排列着，其中的一排钟形状大小一模一样，但一排和一排形状不同;周围还有许多美丽的水墨画和刚劲有力的书法，钟和书画向我们展现了明代人的技艺高超。站在钟楼上极目远眺，东南西北四条大街人来人往，车水马龙，热闹非凡。

今天，我很高兴为大家服务。鼓楼和钟楼遥相呼应，使古城西安更加美丽，下次有机会再带大家一起参观西安鼓楼。

篇2：西安鼓楼导游词

各位游客大家好!

今天我们将去参观西安城墙、钟楼和鼓楼。很荣幸能为大家服务。

西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。我们现在看到的城墙可追溯到隋代。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为西方长治久安。拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。历时8年修筑完的城墙外形是一座长方形。城墙高15米，顶宽12—14米，底宽16—18米，周长13.9公里。最底层用黄土与石灰、糯米汁拌合而成，干燥之后，异x坚固。

城墙最外围是护城河，也叫城壕是城墙的第一道防线。它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,跨过护城河就是城门，而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。平时，守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥，早晨降下吊桥，开启城门;晚上升起吊桥，断绝交通。一旦发生战争，吊桥升起，城门紧闭，城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。

城门是城防体系的重点，也是薄弱点。平时，它是出入城市的通道。战争时，又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。因此，明代十分重视完善城门防御设施。尤其值得注意的一大技术突破是采用了券拱式城门，以防止敌人火攻。明西安城的城门非x坚固，门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成，一扇城门用木材2.8立方米，门扇上下横匝着铁条加固，每两道铁条的间隔处，钉有180枚铁蘑菇针。整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。这样就挤密了门扇的木材，增加了门扇刚度，使箭矢无法射入。

为了提高城门防御的保险系数，城门实际上由三重组成，即：闸楼、箭楼和主楼。闸楼在最外，它的作用是升降吊桥。兼用来打更。敌人攻入闸楼城门，好似进入瓮内，会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击，因此楼下这一空间也叫瓮城。箭楼在正中，正面和两侧都有窗户，供射箭用。箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫瓮城，可屯兵。正楼在最里，正楼上面的城楼是城门的主体建筑，是主将镇守指挥所在。城墙外侧，每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外的敌台，俗称马面。整个城墙上共有马面座，马面上面的建筑叫敌楼，两个敌台之间相距120米，而它的一面为60米，为一箭之遥。这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。因此，古人有评论说：有城无台，亦如无城，是城所以卫人，台又所以卫城也。。城墙上外侧有矮雉，又称垛墙，上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。内侧的矮墙称为女儿墙，是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫角楼。在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中，有通向城头的马道，便于战马上下。战争期间，这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道，必须保证畅通无阻。因此守卫异x严格。

随着岁月的变迁，现在我们可以看到西安城墙的长乐门、安定门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门等等，这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智，好了，西安城墙就参观到这里，我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。

钟楼和鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。钟与鼓本是中国最早出现的打击乐器，有3000年以上的历史。最初作为礼器和乐器。大约自春秋时期，开始用于军事指挥。古代中国城市兼有军事城堡性质，除城市四周构筑城墙，挖掘城壕，设置吊桥外，与之配套的还有在城市中心修筑钟鼓楼作为指挥中枢。平时以晨钟暮鼓报告时辰，定时启闭吊桥，紧急状态时用以报警戒严，指挥城防。这种严密的城市防御系统在明代发展到顶峰。西安是明代西北军政重镇，它的钟楼和鼓楼无论从建筑规模、历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量，都居全国同类建筑之冠。

我们现在看到的这座建筑就是钟楼，位于西安市东西南北四条大街的交汇处，它建于明洪武十七年，最初位于西大街的迎祥观，随着城市中心的东移，到了明神宗万历10年，将钟楼来了个整体拆迁，迁至今址。

钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格，楼高36米，重檐斗拱，华丽庄严。由基座，楼身和楼顶三部分组成。基座是正方形，全部用青砖砌成。楼身为正方形木质结构，外面以

回廊环绕，里面为二层楼，楼内有木梯盘旋而上。楼内上下两层正方形大厅里，陈列着明代以来各种名贵瓷器及红楠木家具，四面门上布满浮雕画，风格厚朴生动。楼顶为四角攒尖结构，上面覆盖着碧绿色的琉璃瓦，顶端大圆顶高5米，金光闪闪，辉煌灿烂。

钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟，重5吨，钟边铸有八卦图案。它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟小得多。钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的景云钟。现在这口钟收藏于西安碑林。据说，钟楼从迎祥观迁到今址后，虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变，但景云钟却怎也敲不响了。没有办法，只有另换。为了将景云钟移到新建的钟楼上，当年在西大街西段搭起一座斜桥，利用桥面斜坡把景云钟运到了钟楼上。据说桥梓口也因此而得名。

钟楼内西墙上嵌刻有《钟楼歌》和《钟楼记》碑刻。《钟楼歌》是当年修建钟楼的陕西巡抚龚懋贤在解职赴京时登楼所赋。诗中对钟楼做了热情的赞颂。《钟楼记》是督修过钟楼的巡抚张楷所作，详细记述了钟楼的身世。在钟楼的门上有木刻浮雕故事画共64幅，其中有木兰从军、嫦娥奔月、柳毅传书、八仙过海等等。建国后，西安市人民政府又对钟楼进行了三次大规模修葺，使这座古建筑又焕发了昔日的风采。

与钟楼遥遥相对的是鼓楼，楼底门洞为南北向，北通北院门，南达西大街。鼓楼建于明洪武十三年，与钟楼是姊妹楼。在鼓楼的第一层北面有一面巨鼓，与钟楼上的晨钟形成暮鼓，所以称为鼓楼。楼体呈长方形，基座的门洞高与宽均为6米，洞深38米。鼓楼建筑为重檐歇山式，琉璃瓦覆顶，重檐三滴水。楼分上、下两层。南北檐下各有一块匾，南为清乾隆皇帝御笔刻书：文武盛地，北为咸宁县书生李允宽书写声闻于天。在鼓楼的外檐都饰有斗拱，四面有回廊。天花板上油漆彩绘云形图案，古色古香，十分美丽。钟鼓楼交相辉映，使古城西安更加美丽壮观。

好了，钟鼓楼的参观到这里就结束了。谢谢大家!

篇3：西安鼓楼导游词

朋友们，下面我们将要参观的是钟楼的姊妹建筑——鼓楼。

鼓楼座落在北院门街的南端，距离钟楼只有250米，它建于明代洪武十三年（公元1380年），是我国现存同类建筑中规模最大、保存最完整的一座，与钟楼遥相呼应，成为西安市中心一道亮丽的景观。鼓楼的基座与钟楼的基座一样，都是用青砖砌成的，所不同的是：钟楼的基座呈正方形，面积有1377.64平方米；而鼓楼基座呈长方形，面积有1998.8平方米。由此可见，鼓楼要比钟楼大得多。台基下辟有高和宽均为6米的南北向券形门洞，与南北街相贯通，楼体建于基座的中心，为梁架式木结构建筑，楼分上下两层，四周设有回廊。屋顶采用的是重檐歇山式结构，刚才我们已经讲过了，这种形式在皇家建筑里才能够看到，它看似三层，实际上只有两层，在古建筑学上叫“重檐三滴水”。

鼓楼作为一座城市的中心建筑，它的作用是什么呢？根据史料记载：各地方钟楼或鼓楼的发源至少可以追溯到南北朝时期，由于当时的钟楼或鼓楼主要作用是报警或作为启闭城门的信号，并不一定要按时报时，所以都是单设钟楼或

鼓楼，而且也多以“谯楼”、“戊楼”来称呼，而将钟鼓楼同时放在相应位置，作为一种固定形式，首先出现在皇宫和宗教寺院中。城市中设置钟鼓楼的目的主要是报时和发布启闭城门的号令，也就是我们刚才讲到的“晨钟暮鼓”。随着时光的流逝，鼓楼已经失去了它的报时作用，1996年鼓楼被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

由于鼓楼上曾用来报时的大鼓已不知去向，1996年为了迎接“香港回归”及“文物旅游年”，西安市文物局投资制作了一面大鼓，就是我们大家现在看到的“闻天鼓”，大鼓高1.8米，直径2.83米，净重1.5吨，上面有泡钉1996个，寓意1996年，加上4个铜环，正好是2000个，象征二十一世纪。这面大鼓的鼓面是用整张牛皮蒙制的，声音深厚、洪亮，重棰之下，十里可闻，目前文物局已经将这面大鼓申报进入了世界基尼斯大全。

中国木结构建筑最大的特点就是它以木构架为承重构件，构件之间不用铁钉而是用榫卯来连接固定的，这就是我们参观钟楼的时候讲到的“斗栱”。鼓楼自建成至今，已经经历了无数次大小地震，可它依然昂首挺立，安然无恙，经受住了巨大的考验，“斗栱”的科学性也就由此可见了。

色彩的使用也是中国古代建筑装饰最突出的特点之一，但是由于民族和地区的不同，也有若干差别，它的卓越成就是建筑的艺术要求与保护木材相结合而发展形成的。就楼阁式建筑而言，从春秋时代起，主要使用强烈的原色，经过长期的发展，在鲜明的色彩对比与调和方面，创造了不少优秀手法，南北朝、隋、唐时期的宫殿、庙宇、府第等多用白墙、红柱或柱、枋和斗栱，绘有华丽的彩色，到了宋、金逐步使用白石台基，红色的墙、柱、门窗及黄绿色的琉璃屋顶，而在檐下用金碧交辉的彩画，加强了阴影部分的对比，创造出一种富丽堂皇和绚丽多彩的艺术效果，这种方法在元朝基本形成，到明朝已成为制度化。在封建社会中由于封建等级制度，色彩的使用也有着严格的限制，如宋代有“凡庶人家，不得施五色文彩为饰”；明代有“庶民居家，不许饰彩色”的规定。我们大家现在欣赏的鼓楼彩绘，属于沥粉贴金和玺彩绘以及旋子彩绘，这两种彩绘在明清时期都属于皇家建筑才有的，由此也证明了鼓楼地位的尊贵。

鼓楼的南北两侧檐下，过去曾悬挂着两幅巨匾额，南面为“文武盛地”，是清代陕西巡抚张楷临摹乾隆御笔所书。西安地区最早渊源于西周文王、武王所建的“丰”“镐”二京，文王、武王时期，天下和

平安泰、国富民强，所以张楷书匾足以说明了西安古往今来的发达昌盛。北面匾文“声闻于天”，出于咸宁县学士李允宽之手，典故是《诗经》中“鹤鸣九皋、声闻于天”，此匾笔力刚劲、潇洒，气势非凡。两幅巨匾犹如画龙点睛，使鼓楼生气盎然，为这座古建筑增添了不少光彩。遗憾的是这两块悬挂了200多年的巨匾，在十年浩劫中已被毁坏，如今“钟鼓楼保管所”正计划按照原有历史资料将其予以恢复。朋友们，我们现在来到的是“鼓文化展演大厅”。鼓，最早出现在原始社会晚期，历经夏、商、周三代，鼓的种类不断增加，从早期的陶鼓、木鼓到后来的瓦鼓、铜鼓等，发展成为一个大家族。鼓用于不同的场合会被制成不同的形状、不同的尺寸或采用不同的装饰、不同的材质，同时也就有了不同的名称。祭天神用“雷鼓”、祭地神用“灵鼓”、祭祖先用“路鼓”，还有我们x说的“击鼓升堂”、“击鼓鸣冤”，古代将这种鼓称为“登闻鼓”。在古代战争中“鼓之则进，金之则退”，鼓声可以起到鼓舞士气、震慑敌人的作用，成语“一鼓作气”就出自古人对战争的描述。现在就让我们一起来感受这悠悠鼓韵吧！

朋友们，我们今天的参观到这里就结束了，如果大家对我的接待有什么不满意的地方，请多提宝贵的意见和建议，祝大家在西安旅游愉快，朋友们再见。

第19篇：到达西安导游词

导读：西安是一个有历史的城市，风景名胜众多。下面由小编为大家整理的到达西安导游词，希望可以帮助到大家！

到达西安导游词【一】

人们都说：大雁塔是座美丽的塔，是座伟大的塔，是座神秘的塔。今年，我去了西安，看到了大雁塔，看她那美丽、伟大、神秘的样子，真是感慨万千。

说大雁塔美丽，因为在大雁塔跟前，有亚洲最大的音乐喷泉广场。当高雅、优美的音乐响起时，水面上就会突然冒出高大的泉水。随着音乐节奏高低的变化，喷泉也十分有规律地跟随着欢快起伏，活像一群孩子在欢乐地舞蹈。当夜色降临时，广场四周华灯彩照，喷泉水池中央碧波荡漾，繁星点点，迷人的风景把大雁塔装饰得无比美丽。

说大雁塔伟大，她不仅巍然屹立，高耸入云，虽经千年沧桑，仍然完好无损，而且还有唐朝高僧玄奘三藏法师西天取经历史。要说唐三藏西天取经，由于唐僧取经的想法没有得到朝廷准许，所以完全是另辟蹊径，一路上也没有《西游记》中所说的高徒们相伴，全靠自己一人一马，历经千辛万苦才从印度取得真经和几颗舍利子回到了唐朝，唐太宗李世民为了保护经书，便修建了大雁塔来藏经，就像人们所说的藏经阁，唐僧在那里翻译佛经经典十余年，创立了中国佛教的一大宗派――唯识宗。像这样一座有着佛教精髓的古塔，是不是很伟大?

说大雁塔神秘，因为传说中，唐僧从印度带回来的几颗舍利子突然被盗走，可数千年后，人们居然在大雁塔地底下发现了一座地宫，据历史学家分析，舍利子很有可能就在里面，只是国家暂时没有进行文物发掘。像这样一座美丽、伟大的大雁塔下居然还有地宫，而且被盗的舍利子可能就在下面，你说大雁塔神秘不神秘?

美丽、伟大、神秘，这就是我看到的大雁塔。

到达西安导游词【二】

据说回民街过去是商业繁华之街，商贾云集，风光无两，街上名店鳞次栉比，名产驰誉全国。据说有108家粮行，有宰牛、宰鸭、宰驴的数10位，无论是不是赶集，都热闹非凡。现在，矮矮的民居屋顶，如蜘蛛网一样电线，四通八达纵横交错，却又那么触手可及：触到的是木板里遗留的草根气质，但那种人声鼎沸的鼎盛场面，早就无法企及。

这条街的历史也已经很久了，据说，原来国外使节和来长安做生意的商家们聚居在这里，不断地繁衍生息，现在的坊上人大都是这些古老移民的后裔。他们用自己的宗教形成了高度的凝聚力，在汉人占主流的社会中，顽强地坚持了自己特有的文化生活圈子，他们的血液中还保留着精明商人和贵族的遗传因子，一直到了今天。

在一千多年前的汉朝，这里就曾经作为丝绸之路的起点，迎来了回民的先民--来自古阿拉伯、波斯等地的商人、使节、学生。历史记载，许多人沿着丝绸之路来到繁华热闹的长安城后，在这一区域经商、留学和做官，一代代繁衍生息。今天，这里成为6万多回族穆斯林群众的聚居区。

作为伊斯兰文化的传承之地，这一区域今天仍然有唐代含光门、明代西城门楼群、众多保存完好的清真寺和道教城隍庙、佛教西五台、喇嘛教广元寺等众多文化遗迹。街区内众多街道具有浓郁的伊斯兰风格，清真饮食城、民族购物中心和清真寺、回民生活区\"相映成趣\"。

回民街在鼓楼的边上，街的北头是一座厚重的城墙和它斑驳的拱门。大块大块城砖似乎暗示着西北人的豪放不羁，总是使人联想到那种大块吃肉大碗喝酒的豪爽侠气。来回民街就是吃的。

回民街不常，短短的也就500米左右，两旁开满了正宗的回民饭店。大多数的店家门口总是能见到几个带着回民白帽的小伙子在扇着烤着的牛羊肉串，阵阵的烤肉香味足以令你迟步留连，然后决定进去大爽一把，以饱口福。

回民街上的店门面都不大，外边看起来总使人联想到上海吴江路上小餐店，可是当你一踏进店门就会知道自己估算错了，窄窄的两扇门面之后竟然有着礼堂般的大堂，两个字：大气。

经营这些餐馆店铺的几乎都是回民朋友。清真小吃可以说是西安小吃的代表。比如平娃烤肉、贾三灌汤包子、红红炒米、特别特、西北楼、金家砂锅等有名的餐馆。到过西安北院门的朋友都有胃口太好但胃太小的感觉。有人说，陕西的小吃不小，可以和八大菜系的大餐媲美。

从公元十世纪，也就是北宋时期，回民开始在这里不断聚居、繁衍、扩展，他们环清真寺而居，逐渐形成了以回民生活为主，具有独特建筑、环境、文化、社会和经济特点的历史街区。历史街区内有10座年代不

一、大小各异清真寺，其中最著名是化觉巷清真大寺。走在街区内，随处可见具有中国传统建筑风格和穆斯林建筑风格相融合的商业网点，民族服饰、工艺品、清真副食、餐饮店和回民小吃店扑面而来，著名的\"贾三灌汤包子店就在其中。40余棵古树点缀其间，再加上不远处的钟、鼓楼，令人仿佛步入了历史的深处。

钟楼向西走100米左右、穿过鼓楼门洞，就进入了西安回民历史街区。这里曾经是隋唐皇城所在地，唐朝末年以后成为普通市民的生活区域。汉、唐时代以来西域商人、学者、使节及其后民留下的诸多文化遗产，成为改造工程的重点保护对象。回民街区是一块面积约1.8平方公里的区域。

由于街区处于西安市中心地带，是经济发展的热点地区，近年来，街区内的传统建筑不断被拆毁，保存下来为数不多的传统民居大多也年久失修。许多院落没有上下水系统，生活十分不便。再加上许多居民为改善居住条件、增加营业面积，自建房屋活动频繁，这些自建房屋多为2--5层楼房，施工简单粗糙，不仅没有改善居民生活质量，反而严重破坏了历史街区的环境和景观。

为进一步改善居民生活质量、方便回族群众的宗教、日常生活，保护街区的历史风貌，政府从1991年就开始对历史街区内的部分街道进行改造。1997年，挪威首相和当时的江同志签定了一个中、挪合作的协议，其中有一个内容就是西安回民历史街区的保护。由挪威出资500万元，国家科委和西安市、省上给一定的配套资助和支持，共同启动了西安回民历史街区保护项目。

荣获2002年度联合国教科文组织文化遗产保护奖的化觉巷125号院落就是这次中、挪合作保护、维修的成果。这是一座已经有200多年历史的标准的小四合院，青砖黛瓦、雕梁画栋、古色古香。

全国重点文物保护单位--西安化觉巷清真大寺位于街区化觉巷内，始建于唐玄宗天宝元年，距今已经有1200多年历史，后经宋、元、明、清的几次重修和扩建，逐渐形成了规模宏大、楼台亭殿布局紧凑和谐、庄严肃穆的具有明清风格的巨大古建筑群。其建筑风格体现了伊斯兰文化与中国传统建筑艺术的有机统一，是迄今为止我国最具特色、保存最完整、最典型的中国式清真寺之一。全寺分5进院落，占地13000平方米。经过政府和寺院前后30年的重修，不仅保持了寺院原貌，而且还新增了不少与寺院风格相一致的明清建筑。

通过有效的保护措施，西安回民历史街区将是一个能够体现我们西安文化特色、黄土文化、穆斯林文化特色的旅游景点区，里边有传统的伊斯兰的小食品、还有他们传统工艺餐厅、旅游产品、有旅游景点。大清真寺经过整修护、周围的环境经过改善以后，将会更好的起到旅游示范作用。传统的四合院将更加体现回、汉交融建筑特色。它的绿地面积、它的公用面积、它的宗教活动面积将得到扩充，要满足每一个当地居民的生活、宗教活动和他的工作、出行的要求，以及现代生活必须具备的一些基本要求。但又保留了古老传统街区的面貌。经过改善的宗教活动(场所)就更具完善性。使这个区域从生活质量、从城市总体功能配合、基础设施的容量都能得到满足，能适应现代化生活的需要，又体现出我们古城的古老风貌。

到达西安导游词【三】

大雁塔位于南郊大慈恩寺内，是全国著名的古代建筑，被视为古都西安的象征。相传是唐僧从印度(古天竺)取经回来后，专门从事译经和藏经之处。因仿印度雁塔样式的修建故名雁塔。由于后来又在长安荐福寺内修建了一座较小的雁塔，为了区别，人们就把慈恩寺塔叫大雁塔，荐福寺塔叫小雁塔，一直流传至今。大雁塔平面呈方形，建在一座方约45米，高约5米的台基上。塔七层，底层边长25米，由地面至塔顶高64米。塔身用砖砌成，磨砖对缝坚固异常。

塔内有楼梯，可以盘旋而上。每层四面各有一个拱券门洞，可以凭栏远眺。长安风貌尽收眼底。塔的底层四面皆有石门，门桅上均有精美的线刻佛像，传为唐代大画家阎立本的手笔。塔南门两侧的砖龛内，嵌有唐初四大书法家之一的褚遂良所书的大唐三藏圣教序》和《述三藏圣教序记》两块石碑。唐末以后，寺院屡道兵火，殿宇焚毁，只有大雁塔巍然独存。

另一说：大雁塔建于唐高宗永徽三年，因坐落在慈恩寺内，故又名慈恩寺塔。慈恩寺是唐贞观二十二年(648)太子李治为了追念他的母亲文德皇后而建。大雁塔初建时只有五层。武则天时重修，后来又经过多次修葺。现在的塔是七层，共64米，呈方形角锥状。塔身为青砖砌成，各层壁面作柱枋、栏额等仿木结构。每层四面都有券砌拱门。这种楼阁式砖塔，造型简洁，气势雄伟，是我国佛教建筑艺术的杰作。大雁塔底层南门两侧，镶嵌着唐代著名书法家褚遂良书写的两块石碑。一块是《大唐三藏圣教序》;另一块是唐高宗撰的《大唐三藏圣教序记》。碑侧蔓草花纹，图案优美，造型生动。这些都是研究唐代书法、绘画、雕刻艺术的重要文物。大慈恩寺是唐长安城内最著名、最宏丽的佛寺，它是唐代皇室敕令修建的。

唐三藏——玄奘，曾在这里主持寺务，领管佛经译场，创立佛教宗派。寺内的大雁塔又是他亲自督造的。所以大慈恩寺在中国佛教史上具有十分突出的地位，一直受到国内外的重视。

寺门内，钟、鼓楼东西对峙。钟、鼓是寺院的号令，俗有\"晨钟暮鼓\"之说。东侧钟楼内悬吊明代铁钟一口，重三万斤，高三米多。唐代学子，考中进士后到慈恩塔下题名，谓之\"雁塔题名\"，后沿袭成习。唐代画家吴道子、王维等曾为慈恩寺作过不少壁画，惜早已湮没。但在大雁塔下四门洞的石门楣、门框上，却保留着精美的唐代线刻画。西石门楣上的线刻殿堂图尤为珍贵。

大雁塔东南侧，有和尚墓塔群。其中六座是清代建造的。大雄宝殿是寺院的中心建筑，殿内有三身佛、菩萨和罗汉泥塑像。是礼佛诵经之所。法堂是讲经说法的地方。堂内有阿弥陀佛铜像。

今日的慈思寺是明代以来的规模，而寺内的殿堂则是清代末年的建筑。现在大雁塔经过修复，古塔雄伟，寺殿香火缭绕，庭院鲜花争艳，是一处特别吸引国内外游人的游览胜地。

第20篇：西安黄帝陵导游词

黄帝陵相传是中华民族的始祖玄远黄帝的陵园，它位于黄陵县城北的桥山顶上。让我们一起来看看吧，下面是小编帮你们整理的西安黄帝陵导游词，希望你们喜欢。

黄帝陵，号称“中华第一陵”。从西安到黄帝陵大约需要4个半小时左右，沿途路过于右任的故乡三原县、“药王”孙思邈的故乡铜川市，以及在中国共产党党史上具有划时代意义的“洛川会议”的召开地洛川。洛川的苹果也是天下闻名的。为了让你们对黄帝陵有一个深刻的了解，我先给你们介绍一下我们申华民族的始祖黄帝。

黄帝，是距今5000年左右的原始社会末期的一位杰出的部落联盟领袖。据古籍记载，黄帝为少典之子，姓公孙，因长于姬水，又姓姬。封于有熊，号有熊氏。曾居于轩辕之丘，又号轩辕。因崇尚土德，土色黄，所以又称为“黄帝”。

在原始社会后期，黄河中游地区生活着两大部族黄帝部族和炎帝部族。东部生活着东夷太昊部族，南方生活着苗蛮蚩尤部族。为了争夺中原地区，蚩尤率领以九黎部落为核心的苗蛮部族大举进攻炎帝部族，炎帝因战败求助黄帝。黄帝与炎帝联合，与蚩尤在涿鹿 (今河北涿州)展开决战，蚩尤战败并被擒杀。接着，黄帝与炎帝两部又为逐鹿中原而兵戎相见，在今河北阪泉境内展开对决。结果以炎帝战败融入黄帝部族而告结束。至此，炎黄两部落融为一体，并成为后来华夏族的主体，因此中华后裔都称自已为“炎黄子孙，华夏儿女”。之后，黄帝开始了统一华夏的战争，“五十二战而天下咸服”，黄帝被尊为天下共主。

传说中，黄帝不但是一位英雄的领袖人物，而且也是智慧的化身。人们把许多发明创造都归功于黄帝或黄帝的妻子、臣下。如造舟车、制衣冠、务蚕桑、创医学、定音律、造文字、布五谷、烧彩陶及政治生活中的典章制度、风俗习惯中的婚丧礼仪等，后人以黄帝时代作为中华民族迈人文明社会的开始，所以，黄帝被尊为“人文初祖”。

说到黄帝的贡献，就不得不提《黄帝内经》。在5000年前，黄帝就写下了人类第一部中医中药著作《祝由科》(祝由，古代治病方法之一，以祝祷方法治疗疾病，即祝说病由，不劳针石)。当地群众对它的评价是：“家有祝由科，害病不吃药。”黄帝的这部医学著作是怎样写成的呢?黄帝时期，人们生活在极端艰苦的环境中。生活资料十分缺乏，经常遭受野兽的伤害和烈火、洪水等自然灾害的威胁。平时在打猎的过程中还不断出现跌打损伤等事故。因此，因病伤而死的人越来越多。黄帝经常为此事愁得吃不下饭，睡不着觉。那时候，没有人懂得用药物治病，更不懂得预防。人一得病，只有听天由命，谁也没有办法。有一次，黄帝带领一支队伍进山狩猎，一只老虎突然向他们猛扑过来，黄帝急忙拉弓向老虎射了一箭。由于没有射中要害，箭头从虎背穿皮而过，受伤的老虎逃走了。几天后，有人发现它在一片树林里专门寻找一种长叶草吃，而且边吃边用舌头舔背上的伤口。虎背上的伤口没有血迹，也没溃烂。黄帝听到这个情况。立刻命人前去察看，并一再叮呼不许杀害老虎。察看人回来也说：“受伤的老虎吃了这种长叶草，伤口不但不流血，而且已慢慢愈合。”黄帝听后，沉思一会儿，便派人把老虎吃的这种长叶草采集回来，专门给部落里受伤流血的人吃。受伤流血的人吃了这种长叶草，果然收到止血止痛的效果。黄帝兴奋地说：“看来，野兽有时比人还聪明。它们受伤后，知道吃草治伤，我们就不知道这个道理。”还有一次，黄帝手下驯养动物能手王亥在训练一只熊时，由于这只熊不听指挥，王亥一怒之下，失手将它的一只后腿打断。这时，有人主张将熊杀掉吃肉;有人却说：“这是一只母熊，留它一条命，也许还能生育小熊呢!”王亥按后一种意见，把这只断腿的母熊放了。这只母熊一蹎一跛地钻进了树林，不料又被几个猎人发现。其中一个猎人正准备用箭射它，忽然看到这只熊的一条后腿吊着，正在树林的草丛里寻什么。猎人便隐藏起来仔细观看，原来这只熊用前掌在草丛里刨一种雪白的草根。每刨出一撮，先放在嘴里嚼一阵，然后吐出来，再用前掌轻轻地敷在被打断的后腿上。猎人感到非常奇怪，便没有惊动这只受伤的母熊，回去后把在树林里看到的情景报告给黄帝。黄帝听后，又派人去树林里察看。谁知，去的人找了三天，也没有发现这只熊的踪影。十几天以后，当有人在另一片树林里发现这只熊时，它的断腿不知什么时候长好了。一见猎人，就飞快地逃得无影无踪了。人们把熊刨过的这种草根从地里挖出来捣烂以后贴在损伤筋骨的人身上，结果都治愈了。黄帝从这两件事上受到很大启发。知道自然界有很多东西都可以用来治疗疾病。于是他命雷公、歧伯二人，经常留意山川草木，虫鸟鱼兽，看它们如何生存。雷公、歧伯按照黄帝的吩咐，对自然界的飞禽走兽，草木花卉等，都详细地加以观察和记录，进行研究和试验，直到最后确认什么东西能治什么病为止，再由黄帝把它正式整理出来。这就是我国最早的《医案》和《本草》。经过长时间的积累，中华民族第一部医药著作《祝由科》就这样产生了。后世人在这部医药著作的基础上去伪存真，不断增补，逐渐形成了后来的《黄帝内经》。《黄帝内经》包括《素问》和《灵枢》两大部分，各有文章81篇，内容非常广泛。

关于黄帝埋在哪里?现在有很多说法。但是，从历史资料的记载以及历代政府的态度上看，你们马上就要看到的黄帝陵就是黄帝百年后唯一的安寝之地。西汉史学家司马迁的《史记》明确说“黄帝崩，葬桥山”。而黄帝陵历史上就称为“桥陵”，1944年才改称今名。在中国古代文献记载中，黄帝是在黄陵县的桥山骑龙升天的，后人们将黄帝衣冠埋葬在这里，起冢为陵，这就是黄帝陵的由来。另外，黄帝陵一带被考古证明曾经是这一带原始氏族的聚居地，出土的陶器和石器，带有鲜明的仰韶文化的特征。

黄帝陵位于陕西省黄陵县，北距西安约180公里。黄陵县原名中部县，1944年经呈请原民国政府批准，更名为黄陵县。1993年，陕西省人民政府把黄陵定为第二批省级历史文化名城之一。1997年6月，黄帝陵被中宣部公布为全国百个爱国主义教育示范基地之一。

你们现在所处的位置是轩辕广场。这里是谒陵的起点。轩辕广场的地面是用秦岭天然河卵石铺就而成的，共计5000块，含义是代表着中华民族5000年的悠久历史。眼前的池子叫印池，相传是黄帝洗笔的地方。印池之水来自沮河。在古汉语中，沮通 “祖”，故而沮河也被看成是祖先之河。夜晚来临，这里会出现“沮水月夜”的美丽景观。

现在，我们所经过的这座桥叫轩辕桥。这座桥横跨印池，全长66米，宽8.5米，为全花岗岩石材建造，被誉为“中国近代全石材第一桥”。轩辕桥北端通向庙院的龙尾道共有95级台阶，寓意黄帝“九五之尊”的崇高地位。拾级而上则是宽阔的庙前广场，近年来的公祭活动大都在此举行，现代传媒已使它广为人知。站到宽阔的庙前广场，请你们再回头看轩辕广场，你一定会感受到一种“雄伟、庄严、肃穆、古朴”的恢弘气势。

拜祭黄帝，一般为“先祭庙，后谒陵”。轩辕庙坐落在沮水以北，坐北朝南、居高临下、雄伟壮观。请你们跟我走进这个神圣之地。这座祭祖黄帝的古老庙宇，相传初建于汉代。原来在桥山西麓，宋代移至这里。轩辕庙由四进院落构成，庙门为汉代建筑风格，庑殿顶，白墙，黑琉璃瓦，高大巍峨，古朴大方。据旧中部县志记载：司马迁为写《黄帝本记》曾来黄帝陵考证过。此事过后，地方官员就创建了“轩辕庙”。到了唐代宗大历年间，正式建庙于城北桥山西麓。宋太祖开宝五年(972年)，因河水侵蚀，又把庙址从西山麓移到东山麓，这就是现在的“轩辕庙”址。当地民间流传的俗语说：“汉代立庙唐朝建，到了宋朝把庙迁。不论谁来做皇帝，登基都不忘祖先。”

“轩辕庙”三个字是由蒋鼎文先生书写的。蒋鼎文，字铭三，浙江诸暨县石山人，1895年生。1937年抗日战争全面爆发，蒋鼎文出任陕西西安行营主任，兼十战区司令长官。6月蒋鼎文又改任陕西省主席。在蒋鼎文任职期间，先后三次代表******中央政府，陕西省政府致祭黄帝陵。1938年祭陵时，蒋鼎文亲笔写了“轩辕庙”山门大匾。至今依然悬挂在黄帝庙大门上。1949年3月，蒋鼎文去台湾。临走时对亲友哀叹说：“此后以天为盖，以地为底，未知葬身何所?”可见，蒋鼎文在年过半百后，仍不愿远离大陆家乡。蒋鼎文先生知道自己将来的前途，但又不好公开表达，只好向亲友发出“葬身何所”的悲叹。1974年1月2日，蒋鼎文病故于台湾。

跨入轩辕庙大门，左侧有一株参天古柏映入眼帘。古柏枝干苍劲，苍翠欲滴，冠如华盖，郁郁葱葱。该树树龄已有约4700年，相传为黄帝亲手栽植，所以称 “黄帝手植柏”，树高19.3米，下围10.67米。当地谚语称 “七搂八拃(张开大拇指和中指来量长度)半，疙里疙瘩不上算”。意思是7个人手拉手还搂不住它。1982年，英国林学专家罗皮尔等人在考察了世界27个国家之后来到我国，惊叹它是 “世界柏树之父”。1998年，该树被第一批认定为“中华一百棵古树名木”之列。

这座亭叫“碑亭”。这里共有四通碑石。右手第一遍碑文的内容系孙中山先生任中华民国临时大总统时所作祭词一首：“中华开国五千年，神州轩辕自古传，创造指南车，平定蚩尤乱;世界文明，唯有我先。”可惜，这份祭文手迹己经遗失，但孙中山先生写的“世界文明，唯有我先”这首诗词，至今却牢牢刻在人们心中，并一代一代地传诵着。

右手第二通是1942年蒋x石亲笔题写的“黄帝陵”三个大字。1942年冬，国民政府主席蒋x石原计划和胡宗南一起前来今黄陵县祭拜黄帝陵。后因公务繁忙，未能亲自前来祭奠，遂亲笔写了“黄帝陵”三个大字，手迹至今保存完好，并载入黄陵县志。

左侧第一通为毛泽东于1937年4月5日国共两党同祭黄帝陵时亲笔撰写的祭文。1937年，正值抗日战争高潮，中国******和中国共产党分别委派官员，共同于4月5日前来陕西省黄陵县致祭中华民族元祖轩辕黄帝，这对推行抗日民族统一战线政策，唤起四万万民众坚决抗击日本帝国主义，“还我河山，卫我主权”，拯救危难的中华民族，起到了巨大的历史作用，因而被载大了史册。

第二通为邓小平手书“炎黄子孙”四个大字。

离开碑亭后，继续向里走，会看到左手边有一块一米见方的青石块，石上刻着一副巨大的黄帝脚印。该石出土于黄陵东南的郭洼。据说黄帝的脚印共有三副。一副在河南，一副在山东，一副就在黄陵，脚印石旁有栅栏围护。据当地人讲，如果有人隔着栅栏用硬币投中大脚趾，就预示着大吉大利，万事顺意。

在轩辕殿前左侧，有一株柏树。树干斑痕密布，纵横成行，好似有断钉在内。据传，公元前l09年，汉武帝北征朔方归来，祭黄帝陵时在此树干上钉钉子挂盔甲所致。所以叫“挂甲柏”，也叫“将军柏”。每年清明节前，树孔内还会溢出柏汁，凝结为珠，像泪珠一样。清明节后，又恢复原样，被人称为“群柏之奇”。

现在，映人我们眼前的建筑叫轩辕殿。大殿建于明代，门额上悬挂着原******爱国将领程潜1938年所题的“人文初祖”四字大匾。程潜，1882年出生于湖南省醴陵。后因看不惯清朝政府****，弃文习武，于1904年入日本陆军x官学校学习。在日本结识了孙中山先生，并加入同盟会。辛亥革命爆发时，程潜前往武昌，在黄兴领导下，参加了著名的武汉保卫战，任龟山炮兵阵地指挥。1913年，衰世凯解散议会，担任湖南省军事厅长的程潜，积极响应孙中山先生的号召，参加讨袁。1925年，程潜参加了讨伐陈炯明的东征和镇压杨希闵等在广州的叛乱，屡立军功，得到中山先生的赞赏。

程潜擅长隶书。当时程潜为黄帝庙敬写的“人文初祖”匾额，交由富平县石匠雕刻而成。由于运输困难，用牛拉车运至黄陵县九里山时，车翻石碑被打碎。出任黄陵县县长的卢仁山对这一事故非常害怕，但又无法晚回。只得如实地把车翻石碑被打的经过，详细向程潜进行书面汇报。时隔不久，程潜就来信说，石碑被打，不必惊慌。运输困难，不必再备。请制作一副木匾，来年清明祭陵再写。县长卢仁山看了此信，心里的一块石买才落了地。程潜赶忙派人选购上等木料，制作了一副3米长、2米宽的木匾。1938年4月5日清明节来临，程潜果然亲自前来祭陵。卢仁山县长取出早已备好的“文房四宝”，请示程潜如何写。程潜叫四个人抬着制好的木匣，蘸饱墨笔，提笔一挥，写成“人文初祖”四个隶书大字。周围的人感叹叫绝，评论这四个字是铁画银钩，苍劲中带有娟秀，堪称当今的书法上品。

进入大殿，映人我们眼前的是半浮雕黄帝像。这尊民族始祖的圣像，是以东汉武梁祠庙的画像石刻拓片为蓝本，经国家文物局征求有关专家的意见后批准，放大刻制而成。黄帝石雕像为全身像，石料采用墨玉雕成。石雕像黄帝沉稳站立，步履向东又回首望西，抬臂扬手，冠带简朴，着装无华。像的四周雕刻有四灵图案：上朱雀、下玄武、左青龙、右白虎。

轩辕庙北端坐落着2004年新建成的祭祖大殿，2004年清明首次以国家级礼仪公祭华夏始祖轩辕黄帝的仪式在这里举行，大殿整体建筑秉承汉风唐韵，融古老传统与新时代气息为一体。殿前祭祖广场均由花岗岩铺装而成，占地1万余平方米，可同时容纳5000行祭典活动。

说到这里，我要给你们介绍一下国家祭祖标准程序。第一项，全体肃立;第二项，鸣放礼炮 (34响，代表全国由个省、市、自治区、特别行政区);第三项，奏乐;第四项，主祭就位;第五项，陪祭就位;第六项，主祭上香;第七项，献爵奠酒 (主祭人举爵行奠酒礼);第八项，敬献花篮;第九项，恭读祭文 (由专职播音员宣读);第十项，三鞠躬礼;第十一项，乐舞告祭;第十二项，典礼告成。

好了，轩辕庙就参观到这里。下一步我们将登山，拜谒黄帝陵。

黄帝陵是中华民族始祖轩辕黄帝的陵冢，被称为 “天下第一陵”。1962年被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位“古墓葬第一号”。陵家位于黄陵县城北1公里的桥山上。

黄帝陵古称桥陵，因山形如桥，下有沮水穿过，所以山被称为桥山，陵被称为桥陵。自清代毕沅陵前题碑“古轩辕黄帝桥陵”之后，桥陵之称更为著名。1942年，陕西省第三区专员公署改称桥陵为黄帝陵，以利与蒲城丰山唐睿宗桥陵相区别。

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