推荐第1篇：初中英语语法
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全
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1 (see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pa the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the gla is full of water the gla is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原） 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
初中英语语法大全
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for cla 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pa the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pa the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in cla 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
初中英语语法大全
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？ 92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… 99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词） 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了） Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做 135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
初中英语语法大全
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国 147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ） 151 in the sun 在太阳下 152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意 162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : It's time to have cla It's time for cla 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？ 167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
初中英语语法大全
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成 190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词） 198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all
202 not…at all 一点都不
203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐 204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水
207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理
初中英语语法大全
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作 He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 224 rather…than 宁可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 225 regard…as 把……当作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候 I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校 the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself 对自己说 230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？
239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始 245 stay away from 远离……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物 If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
初中英语语法大全
250 such +名 这样 ，这种 251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 253 take claes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于…… 257 talk with sb 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么 263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路 e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地点） 到哪的269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句 eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了 eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了 274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大 276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着 278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人 注：版权归徐闯所有，未经本人同意擅自转载！
推荐第2篇：初中英语语法
初中英语语法-定语从句-专项练习用适当的关系词填空：1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2.I\'ll never forget the day________we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5.I\'ll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6.This is the school ______I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?8.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?10.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?11.Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12.I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13.There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18.This is the very novel about____we\'ve talked so much.19.This is the way____he did it.20.Who is the student _____was late for school today?
初中各年级课件教案习题汇总
语文数学英语物理化学
推荐第3篇：初中英语语法
过去将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他
否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他
疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他
(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should) 过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中. 过去完成时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他
否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他
疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如: by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从 句中最后,请记住:
It\'s not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I\'m sure it will be all right.
这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来.英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
现在完成时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has) 否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他
疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他
关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的
时间或过去时从句.或this year alone\"今年以来\",these five years alone\"这五年
以来\",in the last ten years \"在过去的十年中\"等.
初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：
一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例） 结构：主语 + be + 过去分词
时态：1.一般现在时： am (is, are) done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done 3.一般过去时： was (were) done * 4.一般将来时： will (shall) be done * 5.现在进行时： am (is, are) being done 6.现在完成时： have (has) been done
二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P) 此结构不可用被动语态。 (正) The flowers smell sweet.(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V) 此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night.(误) An accident was happened last night.3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O) （1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 Children often sing this song
This song is often sung by children.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。 We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO) （1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。 He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pa, read等
常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等 A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C) 如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。 I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6.\"be + 过去分词\" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。
I\'m interested in mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。
*7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman\'s clothes sell well.女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销.
一般现在时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他
否定句 主语+be not +其他
疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加\"s\" )
否定句 主语+don\'t+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don\'t改为doesn\'t) 疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doe) 关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday
afternoon, at 10 o\'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等.
注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从 句用一般现在时,主句用将来时
现在进行时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他
否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他
疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他
关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It\'s+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.
一般将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他
否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他
疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)
关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o\'clock tomorrow evening, next year,
at ten o\'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days\' time, in the future 等. 一般过去时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他
否定句 主语+be not+其他
疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他
否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他
疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他
关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term,
一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等.
Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 过去进行时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他
否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他
疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他
关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o\'clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等 .
1、所有格：He is Fred\'s best friend.（-\'s）
2、动词现在时的第三人称单数：Alfredo works.（-s）
3、动词过去式：Fred worked.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。
4、现在分词／进行时态：Fred is working.（-ing）（［注］如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节，则须双写末辅音，如running）
5、过去分词：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the police.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。
6、动名词：Working is good for the soul.（-ing）
7、名词的复数：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（［注］如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch，则需加-es，如dishes）
8、形容词的比较级：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容词末尾加-er，多音节在前面”加more，如\"more difficult\"。
9、形容词的最高级：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容词末尾加-est，多音节词在前面加most，如\"the most difficult\"。
英语的基本语序为SVO，且基本上不能任意变换语序，除了在少数诗词以外；另一方面，有时英语会使用OSV的语序。（注：S：Subject［主语］；V：Verbal phrase［谓语］；O：Object［宾语］）
英语中所有的词可分成十大类，每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是：
一、名 词：表示人或事物的名称的词。
二、形容词：表示人或事物的特征的词。
三、副 词：修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。
四、代 词：是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
五、数 词：表示数量和顺序的词。
六、动 词：表示动作和状态的词。
七、冠 词：与名词连用，其说明人或事物的作用。
八、介 词：通常置于名词和代词之前，表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。
九、连 词：连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。
十、感叹词：表示说话人感情或语气的词。
英语的时态
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。）
英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
（1）一般现在时
基本形式（以do为例）：
第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；
肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；
否定句：主语＋don„t＋动词原形＋其他；
一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。
肯定回答：Yes，＋ 主语＋do．
否定回答：No，＋主语＋don\'t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语序
（2）一般过去时
be动词＋行为动词的过去式
was／were＋not；在行为动词前加didn„t，同时还原行为动词
was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词
（3）一般将来时
am／are／is＋going to＋do
will／shall＋do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
(4)过去将来时
be（was，were）going to+动词原形
be（was，were）about to+动词原形
be（was，were）to+动词原形
肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.
疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？
肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.
疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth
第三人称+is+doing+sth (6)过去进行时
肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasn\'t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
(7)将来进行时
动词be的将来时+现在分词
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
(9)现在完成时
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他
(10)过去完成时
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
否定回答：No,主语+hadn\'t
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）
语法判定:
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o\'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (11)将来完成时
（shall）will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth. (13)现在完成进行时
have/has been +-ing 分词
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing (16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
推荐第4篇：初中英语语法教学
如何进行初中英语语法教学
目前，很多中学英语教师感到语法教学很棘手，学生也感到很头疼，如何在课堂上让教师轻松地教语法、学生愉快地掌握语法呢？我认为在教学中应注意以下几点：
一、在语境中进行语法教学
人们的交际活动总是在一定的情景中进行的，这是因为人们表达思想和吸收信息的需要是由特定的言语情景激起的。因此，学习和使用英语词汇、句型结构、语法规则和话语进行对话等交际活动都要依赖特定的言语情景。教师如果让学生机械地在单句中操练某个语法点，学生是达不到在特定的情景中灵活运用语言形式来实现交际的目的的。例如，例如在教学现在进行时时，教师可创设情境，问班里的一个学生正在干什么？What’s he doing?这样，既让学生明白现在进行时的意义，又吸引了学生的注意力，提高了学生的学习积极性。
二、运用归纳和演绎法进行语法教学
归纳的方法教学就是让学生先接触语言材料，通过给学生输入大量真实的语言实例，使学生对所学语言形成一定的感性认识，并进行思维加工，从中归纳出语法规则。这一过程能够培养学生的记忆、思维和综合能力。演绎的方法是对学生较难理解的语法教学内容，可以采用先给学生呈现语法规则，再适当举例或让学生举例的教学方法。在教学现在完成进行时时，，我先给学生呈现以下句子：
I have been teaching for seven years.
You have been studying English for five years.
He has been playing basketball for three years.在让学生充分感知语言的基础上，让他们自己发现规律，对现在进行时进行总结归纳，掌握现在进行时的构成：have/has been +doing.然后让学生自己用自己新学的时态进行操练，使学生快乐地学习枯燥的语法知识。
三、在游戏中学习语法。
寓教于乐不仅可以复习和巩固所学语言知识，而且还能提高学生学习兴趣，调动学生学习积极性。如，在教学现在进行时的语法内容时，教师可设计猜测游戏，将全班分成两组，一组做动作，另一组用句型“What is he/ she doing ? He/ She is ….”猜测动作的意思，最后公布两组得分情况。由于学生水平相当，每组学生求胜心切，所以参与意识较强，课堂气氛十分活跃。在这样的趣味性活动中，学生既掌握了语法知识，也复习了所学词汇，同时还获得极大的成就感，增强了学习的自信心。
推荐第5篇：初中英语语法总结
0907 初中英语语法总结
1 (see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at (感官动词)+do
Eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比较级 + and + 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb. 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样
a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world
整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随……
Eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see
你是知道的
10 ask for
……求助, 向…要…（直接接想要的东西）
Eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事
ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时
Eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间: 最后,尽头,末尾.
Eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感
觉/对什么有信心,自信
Eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pa the test
18 be + doing ：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… Eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth.能够干什么
Eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth.恐惧，害怕……
Eg : I\'m afraid to go out at night I\'m afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
Eg: I\'m allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视
I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气
Eg : Don\'t be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样
Eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害
Eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心；小心
0907 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自
Eg ：He is from Beijing He comes from Beijing Is he from Beijing ? Does he come from Beijing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满
Eg: the gla is full of water the gla is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处
Eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
Eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your body 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中
Eg : She is in trouble They are in trouble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到
Eg: Be late for cla 上课迟到 48 be like 像……
Eg : I\'m like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成 (制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写
Eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth.be sorry for sb Eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb Eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth.严于做某事
Eg : He\'s strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
Eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth.对做某事有信心
Eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth.对做某事有信心
Eg: I\'m sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
0907 68 be sure that sth.对做某事有信心
Eg: I\'m suer that he can pa the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth.一定会做某事
Eg: We are sure to pa the test 我们一定会通过这次考试
We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth.害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth.习惯做某事
Eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早
He is used to sleeping in cla 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
be afraid of sth 害怕某物
be afraid that 从句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
Eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 Eg : Let\'s begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间 79 borrow sth.from sb 向……借……
lend sth.to sb ( lend sb sth.借给……什么东西
Eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 (bother sb to do sth.)
Eg : I\'m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He\'s bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth
Eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心
Eg : Don\'t you care about this country\'s future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈
take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进 88 come over to 过来 89 come up with 提出
Eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考虑做什么
Eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to 随着……跳舞
0907 Eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错
97 Don\'t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don\'t mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… 99 each +名（单）每一个…
Eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing 以……结束 101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从……逃跑
Eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远
Eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样
Eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了
forget doing 做了而又忘了
Eg: Don\'t forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某
Eg: From me to her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做… Eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备 Eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk 做报告
Eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事
go on doing 继续做这件事
125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）
go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）
127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事
hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会
130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时
0907 Eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方
have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴
134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
Eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假
Eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \\one\'s sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
Eg: I don\'t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don\'t know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
Eg: I\'ll go to Luzhou if it doesn\'t rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I\'ll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one\'s opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方
（north 北 south 南 west 西 east 东 ）
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
Eg : They\'ve increased the piece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%
153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
Eg: I\'d like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人
introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
Eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It\'s +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事
0907 怎么样
158 It\'s +adj +to do 做某事怎么样 159 It\'s +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样
It\'s +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It\'s +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样
It\'s +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
Eg : It\'s nice of you to help me with my English 161 It\'s a good idea for sb to do sth.对…… 来说是个好主意
162 It\'s important to sb 对某人来说很重要
Eg: It\'s important to me 163 It\'s time to do sth.It\'s time for sth.到了该去做某事的时间
Eg : It\'s time to have cla It\'s time for cla 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加 165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入 168 keep sb adj 让……保持……
Eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙 171 laugh at… 取笑……
Eg : Don\'t langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习
Eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 176 Let sb down 让某人失望
Eg ： We shouldn\'t let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地
Eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看 180 lose one\'s way 谁 迷 路
Eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友
Eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相 185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么
Eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样
Eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样 188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事
Eg : I made him write 我以前让他写
189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one\'s doing 介意……做
0907 什么
192 most +名 most of +代 193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定
195 need +名词
需要…… 196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事
197 need to do (实义动词）
need do (情态动词） 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… Eg: He didn\'t cry any more / He cried no more 他再也不哭
201 not… (形、副）at all Eg: He\'s not tall at all.
She doesn\'t junp far at all 202 not…at all 一点都不 203 not…either 表否定，也不
Eg : I don\'t japanse either.
I don\'t have sister, either 我也没有姐姐 204 not…until 直到……才……
Eg: I didn\'t sleep until my mother came back .
The child didn\'t stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供 206 offer sb sth / offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人
Eg : I offer you water / I offer water to you 我给你提供水
207 on one\'s way to…
在去……的路上 208 on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone
用电话交谈
210 on time
准时
in time 及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，将来有一天
212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个 214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的
Eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again 215 part-time job 兼职工作
full-time job 全职工作 216 pay for…
付……钱
pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱 217 please +do
218 please help yourself 请随意
219 be pleased with sb
对某人感到满意 220 pour into
川流不息的涌入，源源而来 221 practice +doing
练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth
相对……更喜欢…… Eg : I prefer physics to chemisty.
在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…
Eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving .他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
Eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than
0907 repaiv the used one.我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车。
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… Eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么
pretend that 从句
Eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard.这两个骗子装着努力工作。
He pretended that he did not know the answer.他装着不知道答案 。 224 rather…than 宁可……也不……
Eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher.我愿肯当医生，也不当老师。
He likes dogs rather than cats.他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫。
225 rEgard…as 把……当作……
Eg: Please give my best rEgards to your family.请带我向你的家人我最好的问候。
I rEgard you as my friend.我把你当作我的朋友。
He shows little rEgard for others.他不爱关心别人。
228 return sth to sb
还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself
对自己说 230 say to sb
对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth
花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb
花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth
花了多少时间做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事
see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样
Eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy.237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震惊
Eg : Oh , It\'s only you ! You give me a shock.啊，是你呀！吓我一跳。
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 Eg : I show her the book.226 remid sb about sth
提醒某人什么事
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb
拿什么东西
remid sb to do sth
提醒某人做某事
Eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭
227 remid sb of sth
使某人想起什么
Eg : The pictures remind me of my school days.
这照片使我想起了我的学校
The words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother.
给某人看
Eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me.242 show sth to sb
向某人展示某物 Eg : I show the book to her.
243 some…others…
一些……另一些…… 244 start…with… 从……开始
bEgin…with… 从……开始 245 stay away from
远离……
0907 Eg : We\'re told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo.当我们参观动物园时，我们要远离动物。
If you want to lose weight you\'d better stay away from the sweet food.如果你想减肥，你最好远离甜食。
246 stop doing
停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from) doing
阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做其他的事 250 such +名
这样 ，这种 251 suit sb
适合某人
252 surprise sb
使…惊讶
to one\'s surprise 使……惊讶的是；使……感到震惊
253 take claes
上课
254 take sb to
把某人带去
Eg : I\'ll take you to the hospital.255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk
散步
256 ①talk to
对谁说
Eg : I talk to you.
② talk with
和谁说
Eg : I talk with him.
③ talk of
谈到
Eg : We talked of you.
④ talk about
谈论关于…… 257 talk with sb 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 260tell sb that +从句
tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么 263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词 / 动名词 + as…… 266 as…(adj./ adv.)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing sth.
做……的方法
the way to +地方 去……的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English?
Do you know the way of learning English?
268 the way to…（地点） 到哪的 269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……
adj +enough to 足够…能…
so…that +丛句
Eg: He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he can\'t go to school.
He is old enough to go to school.＝ He is so old that he can go to school.
270 translate ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么
Eg: Traslate English into chinese.271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游
272 try one\'s best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事
Eg: I will try my best to learn English well.273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功
try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了
0907
Eg: He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功
He tried climbing.
他想爬上去，已经
做过了
274 try…试衣服
have a try 试一下 275 turn down 开小
turn up 开大 276 turn off 关上
turn on 打开
277 upside down 倒着 278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
推荐第6篇：初中英语语法总结
【初中英语语法总结】
【1 一般现在时的用法 】
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语（提示词）： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don\'t want so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
【2 一般过去时的用法 】
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语（提示词）有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
1
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth \"到……时间了\" \"该……了\"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth.\"时间已迟了\" \"早该……了\" ，例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb.did sth.表示\'宁愿某人做某事\'。例如：I\'d rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
【3 used to / be used to 】
2
used to + do：\"过去常常\"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或\"习惯于\"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It\'s 69568442.
A.didn\'t B.couldn\'t C.don\'t D.can\'t
答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
【4 一般将来时】
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3
3） be +不定式表将来，（be to do ）按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discu the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
【5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。】 例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you\'d better get ready for it as soon as poible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
【6 be to和be going to】
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I\'m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
【7 一般现在时表将来 】
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。
There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。
4
I\'ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
【8 用现在进行时表示将来 】
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I\'m leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
【9 现在完成时 】
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
【10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
4）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等
5
例如：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn\'t handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）
5）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
【12.since的四种用法】
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here.我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。
【13.延续动词与瞬间动词】
6
用于till / until从句的差异 （背句型）
延续动词用于肯定句，表示\"做……直到……\" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示\"到……，才……\"。例如：
He didn\'t come back until ten o\'clock.他到10 点才回来。 （not .....until 句型）
He slept until ten o\'clock.他一直睡到10点。
推荐第7篇：初中英语语法总结
七年级英语知识点归纳
1.名词：名词的数（可数及不可数的构成和用法，可数名词的复数形式）、名词所有格
2.代词：人称代词、物主代词及指示代词
3.数词：基数词和序数词
4.冠词（a,an the）并列连词（and,but,or）
5.介词：地点和时间介词、介词搭配
6.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的构成及回答
7.There + be 句型
8.祈使句 （动词原形开头）
9.现在进行时的构成和用法（am/is/are+doing）
10.一般现在时构成和用法
学习指南： 本学期的难点是掌握be动词的用法。这个看上去非常简单的知识点，很多同学并未真正学会，尤其是在写作时，经常会把be动词和实义动词连用。其次是there + be句型的活学活用，掌握该句型和have的区别。 熟练掌握一般现在时和现在进行时两种时态，尤其是一般现在时中的谓语动词“三单”，是很多同学容易忽视的地方。动词have的用法比较灵活多样，学习时务必细心，尤其在阅读文章时如何正确理解have。
八年级上英语知识点归纳
1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法
2.情态动词：can, could, must, have to, should
3.时态：现在进行时表将来，be going to
4.句子的成分、类型(主谓宾，定状补；五大基本句型)，
5.动词过去式的规则变化和不规则变化
6.时态：现在完成时；一般过去时；一般将来时；过去进行时
7.条件状语从句（主将从现）
学习指南：
本学年语法知识点的难度很大，是初中三年里最关键的一个学期。本学期的难点是动词过去式的规则变化和不规则变化的构成规律，尤其是不规则变化。在记忆不规则变化时，应该进行分类总结记忆，掌握其中的规律，才能达到事半功倍之效果。现在完成时历来就是难点，其中包括瞬间动词在现在完成时的用法、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别等。各种状语从句，尤其是条件状语从句也是不太容易学好的。
九年级英语知识点归纳
1.反意疑问句（构成，用法及回答）
2.被动语态（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时的被动语态，情态动词+被动语态）
3.过去完成时 （用法及构成，have/has+done; 持续性动词） 4.宾语从句（连接词：that, if/whether, 特殊疑问词）
5.动词不定式 （to do）
学习指南：
动词不定式和动词短语为本学期的重难点，尤其是短语，中考的要求日渐提高，所以需要花大量时间去记住这些短语，同时能够在阅读中正确理解。定语从句为英语语法中的一个难点，但初中阶段要求不太高，掌握好that, which, who等引导的从句即可。被动语态从考试的角度来说，比较容易。但在实际运用中，尤其是写作时，英汉两种语言的差别，导致我们很少使用被动语态。
推荐第8篇：初中英语语法总结
初中英语语法总结
( 动词的时态)
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。 2例如：） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.球绕太阳转动。
地Shanghai 上海位于中国东部。lies in the east of China.3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall.败。
骄者必注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：is round.Columbus 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。proved that the earth 4个性。例如：） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、
I don\'t want so much.多。
我不要那么Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：把糖放入杯子。Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.在做功课。
我正第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行
的瞬间动作。第二句中的时
now是进行的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982如：
等。例Where did you go just now? 上哪儿去了？
刚才你2习惯性的动作。例如：）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth \"到……时间了\" \"该……了\"。例如：It is
time for you to go to bed.觉了。
你该睡It is time that sb.did sth.\"时间已迟了\" \"早该……了\" ，例如It is time you
went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb.did sth.表示\'宁愿某人做某事\'。例如：I\'d rather you
came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在 。例如：I thought you might have some.一些。
我以为你想要比较：her life.Christine （含义：她已不在人间。）was an invalid all Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着） Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意：语气。 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉1intend ）动词等。例如：want, hope, wonder, think,
Did you want anything else? 要些什么吗？
您还I 不能帮我一下。wondered if you could help me.能2）情态动词 could, would。例如： Could you lend me your bike? 自行车，能借用一些吗？ 你的11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：\"过去常常\"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother 老妈过去没那么健忘。used not to be
so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk.过去常常散步。
斯卡夫be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或加名词或动名词。例如：\"习惯于\"，to是介词，后需
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。 斯典型例题
---- quite catch it.Your phone number again? I ___ ---- It\'s 69568442.
A.didn\'t B.couldn\'t C.don\'t D.can\'t
答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过 去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例will 在陈述句中用于各人称， 如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3式安排将发生的事。例如：） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正
We are to discu the report next Saturday.告。
我们下星期六讨论这份报4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.车来了。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 状语连用。等表示明确将来时的时间 11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，愿。例如：be going to 表将来,will表意If you are going to make a journey, you\'d better get ready for it as soon as poible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，或计划。例如：be going to 表示主观的打算I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.观安排） 明天下午我去踢球。（客I\'m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排） 11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.钟后。 汽车什么时候开？十分There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.铃响了。 3）在时间或条件句中。例如： When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。
I\'ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.给你。
我到了那里，就写信4sure that）在动词hope, 等的宾语从句中。例如：take care that, make I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the
room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 11.8 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return例如：
等现在进行时可以表示将来。I\'m leaving tomorrow.了。
明天我要走Are 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？you staying here till next week? 11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作 或状态。其构成：（has） +过去分词。have
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过 去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, 语。 always等，皆不确定的时间状共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, recently, lately this April, 等。now, already, 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday.看的动作发生过了）
（强调I have seen this film.在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）（强调对现
Why did you get up so early? 调起床的动作已发生过了）
（强Who 调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）hasn\'t handed in his paper? （强
He years.has been （在团内的状态可延续）in the League for three
He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in
1960用过去时。）时，不能使用现在完成时，要
（错）his parents last night.Tom has written a letter to （对）parents last night.Tom wrote a letter to his 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I\'ve heard him sing.唱歌。
这是我第一次听他
注意：boy had been late.It was the third time that the
2构，）This is +that 从句要用现在完成时。形容词最高级+that…结例如： This is the best film that I\'ve （电影。ever） seen.这是我看过的最好的典型例题
（all?
1） ---Do you know our town at ---No, here.
this is the first time I ___ A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming
答案面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B.This is the first time 后B。
（town before?
2） ---Have you ____ been to our ---No, it\'s the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为时。 never，此两词常用于完成注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）a month.I have received his letter for （对）for almost a month.I haven\'t received his letter 11.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Ruian for three years.= Tom began to study Ruian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错） Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、month, half past 1980, last six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 3） since +从句。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left.了。
你走后，变化可大Great changes have taken place since we were here.化可大了。
我们走后，变
4例如：） It is +
一段时间+ since从句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。 11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work.成了那项工作。 （表结果） 他已完I\'ve known him since then.时起就认识他了。（表经历） 我从那2） 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示\"做……直到……\" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到……，才……\"。例如： \"He didn\'t come back until ten o\'clock.他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o\'clock.直睡到10点。 他一典型例题 1.You don\'t need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times现在完成时。告知为反复发生的动作，
因此用2.---I\'m sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案到现在，应用现在完成时。A.等待的动作由过去开始， 持续11.15 过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去 ----|----------|--------|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。 那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法
a.thought在told, said, knew, heard, 等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She to Paris.said （她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。that）she had never been b.状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 c.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose本…，未能…\"。例如：等，用过去完成时表示
\"原We had hoped that you would come, but you didn\'t.
那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before.一些英语。
他说过他以前学过
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.生开始自己谋生。到了十二岁那年，爱迪
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。 典型例题
The students ___ busily when Mi Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written,
had left D.were writing, had left 答案D.
\"把书忘在办公室\"发生在\"去取书\"这一过去的动作之前，因此一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完\"忘了书\"这 成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在下，when\"同学们正忙于……\"这一背景所引导的动作发生。因此 前一句应用过去进行时。
注意：等…… 就……。例如： had hardly… when 还没
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我。
我刚打开门，他就打了had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用时，多用一般过去时。例如：then，and，but
等连词When 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。she saw the mouse，she screamed.My 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.3时，而只用一般过去时。例如：） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.11.17 将来完成时 1） 构成will have done 2） 概念
a.一时为止一直有的状态。例如：状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某 They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。 b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了。 11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a.发生的事情。例如：表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在
We are waiting for you.等你。
我们正在b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr.Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） c.表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red.在变红。
叶子It\'s 越来越热了。getting
warmer and warmer.天d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。 典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A.has lost, don\'t find B.is
miing, don\'t find C.has lost, haven\'t found D.is miing, haven\'t found.
答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用 于否定式时可用于完成时。 11.19 不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, poe, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。
This 房子是我姐的。house belongs to my sister.这2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate我需要你的帮助。等。例如：I need your help.
He loves her very much.深。
他爱她很3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice.劝告。
我接受你的4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired.有点累。
你看上去11.20 过去进行时
1态或动作。）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from whilenine 等。例如：to ten last
evening, when, My his bicycle and hurt brother fell while he was riding himself.了伤。
我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受It was raining when they left the station.雨。
他们离开车站时，正下着When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。 典型例题
1her finger.
） Mary ___ a dre when she cut A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes
答案C.
割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，\"玛丽在做衣服时景
\"提供事情发生的背，因此用过去进行时。
2___ asleep.
） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny A.read；was falling B.was reading； fell C.was readingfalling D.read；fell
； was 答案B.句中的as = when,
while，意为\"当……之时\"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发 生。句意为
\"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。\"句中的后跟形容词，如： fell（fall的过去时）fall sick，是系动词，。
推荐第9篇：初中英语语法口诀
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初中英语语法口诀
一.词汇
⑴ 单词
1.介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1).in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如：
in our cla 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the claroom 在教室里
2).on 表示"在……上"。例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3).under表示"在……下"。例如：
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
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4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如：
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5).near表示"在……附近"。例如：
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6).at表示"在……处"。例如：
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7).of 表示"……的"。例如：
a picture of our claroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2.冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在
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以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat. 这是一只猫。
It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
------ What can you see in the claroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀？
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------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如：
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？
There isn't any water in the gla.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？
②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
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some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family.我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now.我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers.他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing.我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now.他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family.这是一张我全家的照片。
5.little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。
There is little time.几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。
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⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a claroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走
二.日常用语
1.Come and meet my family. 2.Go and see.I think it's Li Lei. 3.Glad to meet you.
4.What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5.Can you see an orange? Yes, I can./ No, I can't. 6.Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.
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7.Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。For example : 8.Please have a seat.seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三.语法
1.名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）.一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）.如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）.如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
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（4）.表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2.祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）.祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see.去看看。
Come in, please.请进。
（2）.祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books.不要看书。
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Don't play on the road.不要在马路上玩。
3.There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk.桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名
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词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are.否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is.有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't.没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many ...are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be ...
There's one./ There are two / three / some ... 有时直接就用数字来回答。One./ Two ...
---How many students are there in the claroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one./ There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
中学英语语法网络图
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一．名词
I.名词的种类：
专有名词
普通名词
国名.地名.人名，
团体.机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
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II.名词的数：
1.规则名词的复数形式：
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则
例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es cla-claes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
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以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
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两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
、冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，
可数名词单，须用a或an，
辅音前用a， an在元音前，
若为特指时，则须用定冠，
复数不可数，泛指the不见，
碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】 冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，
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常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则
【速记口诀】
单数变复数，规则要记住，
一般加s，特殊有几处：
/s/结尾，es不离后，
末尾字母o，大多加s，
两人有两菜，es不离口，
词尾f、fe，s前有v和e；
没有规则词，必须单独记。
【妙语诠释】 ①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾（也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾），则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
三、名词所有格用法
【速记口诀】
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名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，
若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，
词尾有s，仅把逗号择；
并列名词后，各自和共有，
前者分别加，后者最后加；
若为无命词，of所有格，
前后须倒置，此是硬规则。
【妙语诠释】 ①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。
四、接不定式作宾语的动词
【速记口诀】
三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝；
设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。
【妙语诠释】 三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：petend，choose
五、接动名词作宾语的动词
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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案
【速记口诀】
Mrs.P Black mied a beef bag.（Ｐ·布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。）
【妙语诠释】 该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：
M=mind， r=risk， s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy， l=look forward to，a=admit，c=can’t help， k=keep on， m=mi，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，
a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up。
六、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词
【速记口诀】
一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助
【妙语诠释】 一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，ob-serve；半帮助：help。
七、形容词和副词比较等级用法
【速记口诀】
1.比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。
2．同级比较：同级比较用原形，as…as永不离；as…as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so…as，后强前弱不看齐。
【妙语诠释】 ①比较级通常和than连用，而最高级通常跟有定冠词the；②同级比较一般用as…as表示“与…一样”，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so…as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为“不
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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案
如……”。
八、反意疑问句用法
【速记口诀】
反意问句三要点，前后谓语正相反；
短句not如出现，必须缩写是习惯；
最后一点应注意，短句主语代词填。
【妙语诠释】 ①反意疑问句的构成应该是“肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问”；②在短句中not必须与do，will，can等组成缩写形式；③在简短问句中，疑问句的主语必须是代词，而不能用名词形式。
九、感叹句用法
【速记口诀】
感叹句，并不难，what、how放句前；
强调名词用what，其余用how很简单。
【妙语诠释】 由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词，而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。
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推荐第10篇：初中英语语法总结
初中英语语法总结
一、初中英语语法总结之八种时态
1.一般现在时
表示平时经常的、习惯性的动作，描述平时所处的状态，表达平时存在的特征、有规律的状态等。
Eg.I drink water every day.我每天都喝水。（习惯性动作）
Eg.She has a beautiful sister.她有一个漂亮的姐姐。（平时的特征） Eg.The moon goes around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。（规律的状态）
2.现在进行时
表示正在发生的动作。经常用到的结构有be doing sth.常和now, look, listen这些词连用。
Eg.She is dancing.她正在跳舞。
3.一般过去时
由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed(除不规则动词外)。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday ,yesterday morning (afternoon , evening) , in 1999 , two hours ago等等。
4.一般将来时
顾名思义，表示将来要发生的动作或计划。结构有主语+will+动词原形和主语+be going to do。
Eg.I will go to the zoo in this weekend.这个周末我将要去动物园。 Eg.Lisa is going to have dinner.莉莎马上要吃晚饭了。
5.现在完成时
表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。 Eg.I have watched that movie.我已经看过那部电影了。
6.过去进行时
表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的事情或动作。结构是was/were+现在分词。 Eg.What was he doing at home last night? 昨天晚上他在家干什么？
7.过去将来时
表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。
Eg.He didn\'t expect that we would all be there.他没料到我们会全在那儿。
8.过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，也就是“过去的过去”。主要结构是助动词 had +过去分词，had 通用于各种人称。
Eg.She had finished writing the report by 9：00 this morning.今天早晨9点之前，她已经写完了报告。
二、初中英语语法总结之三种从句
1.宾语从句
在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句主要有三种类型，分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 常见的宾语从句引导词：that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。
Eg.I am sad that you refused me.我很难过你拒绝了我。
2.定语从句
定语从句在中考和高考中出现的频率都非常高。在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom，所有格whose）,as 等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。
Eg.Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
3.状语从句 状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词： 地点状语从句：where,wherever 时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, until, till, since 原因状语从句：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that 目的状语从句：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest 结果状语从句：so...that, such that, so that, with the result that 条件状语从句：if,unle,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as 方式状语从句：as, as if, as though 让步状语从句：though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter whether...or, no matter with 比较状语从句：as...as, not as/so...as, than, the more...the more...
三、初中英语语法总结之两种语态
在主动语态中，主语后面接人（be +动词原型），被动语态（be+动词过去分词）。在主动语态中，主语是谓语动词的使动方。在被动语态中，主语是谓语动词的受动方。学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
四、初中英语语法总结之易错点
1.this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
2.this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
3.英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。
4.不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用；可数名词有单复数之分。 5.以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点。
语法英语的学习看起来很枯燥，但只要掌握初中英语学习的规律，初中英语语法也可以学得很有趣。快收藏今天的初中英语语法总结吧，期末考试一定能用得上！
第11篇：初中英语语法顺口溜
的用法口诀
我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are.变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in.要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错 at也用在明分前，说差可要用上to， 说过只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，
莫让岁月空蹉跎
可数名词复数特殊变化规律[2]：
可数名词的复数变化规律[1]：
名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s; 中日好友来聚会，绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es; 男士、女士a变e；牙（齿）、脚双o变双e; ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es; 孩子们想去**，原形后面r、e、n; f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记； 老鼠本来爱大米，mice, ice和rice. 字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s.
注：中Chinese,日Japanese，好友people.绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish （这些单词单复数一样） man—men woman—women foot--feet child--children mouse--mice
2 一般现在时态
（一）
we、you、they作主语，动词原形后面跟； 否定句，更容易，动词前面加don\'t; 疑问句，别着急，句首Do，来帮你， 后面问号别忘记；肯定回答用Yes, we、you、they加上do; 否定回答要用No, we、you、they加don\'t.
记住
（二）
主语三单他、她、它，动三形式后面压,词尾一般s加； 辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es;
三个特殊那里去？has、goes和does; 否定句，记住它，动词前面doesn\'t; 疑问句，别着急，句首Does，来帮你; 肯定回答用Yes,he、she、it加does;
否定回答要用No, he、she、it、doesn\'t;
Does、doesn\'t来帮你，后面动词定注意，恢复原形要切记。
f（e）结尾的名词复数
妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光
九个以-f(e)结尾的名词。wife（妻子）、knife（刀子）、wolf（狼）、thief（小偷）、shelf（架子）、self（自己）、life（生命）、half（一半）、leaf（树叶）
其中点出了七个，即thief、wife、knife、leaf、wolf、half和 life。这些名词以-f(e)结尾变复数时，将-f(e)变v再加es。还有以-self结尾的反身代词复数用法也同样，如: myself------ourselves.yourself------yourselves. 例外的有serf（农奴）、chief（首领）、belief（信仰）、safe（保险柜）、gulf（海湾），它们以直接加-s变为复数形式，另外handkerchief可用两种复数形式。handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.
3 巧记48个国际音标
单元音共十二，四二六前中后， 双元音也好背，合口集中八个整，辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊， 四个连对也包括，有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握
非谓语动词的一些特殊用法：
后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词：want，hope和wish，agree，decide，mean，manage，promise， expect，pretend，且说两位算在此， 要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。 后接动词不定式做宾语补足语，省略不定式符号to的一些常用特殊动词 一些动词要掌握，have，let和make，此三动词是使役，注意观察听到see， 还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接宾补略去to，此点千万要牢记 除此之外，还可以掌握八字言
一感feel，二听hear，listen to，三让have，let，make，四看see，look at，observe，watch 后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词，特殊动词接动名，使用它们要记清， 放弃享受可后悔，坚持练习必完成， 延期避免非介意 掌握它们今必行
动名词在句中的功能及其它
动名语法其功能，名词特征有动形， 主宾表定都可作，动名现分要认清，
现分不作宾和主，动名作状可不行， 二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许， 主谓关系视分词，动名一词无此义。
现在分词形式及在句子中的作用（包括过去分词的作用）：
现在分词真好记，动词后面ING.它的作用真不小，可以充当定状表 还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以
分词做定语的位置及其它: 定分位置有二条，词前词后定分晓; 单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒;
分词短语在词后，定从和它互对照; 现分动作进行时，过分动作完成了
（注：定分：做定语的分词；定从：定语从句；现分：现在分词；过分：过去分词）
4 初中英语语法速记口诀
一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，
辅音前用a， an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】
单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处： s结尾，es不离后， 末尾字母o，大多加s，
两人有两菜，es不离口，词尾f、fe，s前有v和e; 没有规则词，必须单独记。
【妙语诠释】 ①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
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三、名词所有格用法
【速记口诀】
名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择; 并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加; 若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。
【妙语诠释】 ①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。
四、接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】
三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝; 设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。 【妙语诠释】
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse 设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide 不要假装在选择：petend，choose
6
五、接动名词作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】
Mrs.P Black mied a beef bag.(P·布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。) 【妙语诠释】 该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：
M=mind， r=risk， s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy， l=look forward to，a=admit，c=can’t help， k=keep on， m=mi，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up。
六、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词 【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助
【妙语诠释】 一感：feel;二听：hear，listen to;三让：make，let，have;四看：see，notice，watch，ob-serve;半帮助：help。
七、形容词和副词比较等级用法 【速记口诀】
1.比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。
2.同级比较：同级比较用原形，as…as永不离;as…as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so…as，后强前弱不看齐。
【妙语诠释】 ①比较级通常和than连用，而最高级通常跟有定冠词the;②同级比较一般用as…as表示“与…一样”，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so…as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为“不如……”。
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八、反意疑问句用法 【速记口诀】
反意问句三要点，前后谓语正相反; 短句not如出现，必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意，短句主语代词填。
【妙语诠释】
①反意疑问句的构成应该是“肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问”;②在短句中not必须与do，will，can等组成缩写形式;③在简短问句中，疑问句的主语必须是代词，而不能用名词形式。
九、感叹句用法 【速记口诀】
感叹句，并不难，what、how放句前; 强调名词用what，其余用how很简单。
【妙语诠释】 由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词，而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。
十、宾语从句用法 【速记口诀】
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：①引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。②时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。③语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。
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第12篇：初中英语语法总结
1 (see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随……
eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时
eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pa the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样
eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害
eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心
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33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自
eg ：He is from Beijing He comes from Beijing Is he from Beijing ? Does he come from Beijing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满
eg: the gla is full of water the gla is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v(原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处
eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your body 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中
eg : She is in trouble They are in trouble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for cla 上课迟到 48 be like 像……
eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noels 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定
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66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心
eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心
eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心
eg: I'm sure that he can pa the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事
eg: We are sure to pa the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早 He is used to sleeping in cla 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang 84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进88 come over to 过来 89 come up with 提出
eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考虑做什么
eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to 随着……跳舞
eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
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95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意…… 99 each +名（单）每一个…
eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑
eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 106 far from 离某地远
eg: The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样
eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词） 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了
eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某
eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…
eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备
eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告
eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时
eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
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133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假
eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about (+doing) = What about (+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ） 151 in the sun 在太阳下 152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意 162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have cla It's time for cla 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加
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165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？ 167 keep out 不让 …… 进入 168 keep sb adj 让……保持……
eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙 171 laugh at… 取笑……
eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学 173 learn from sb 向某人学习
eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事 175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 176 Let sb down 让某人失望
eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地
eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看 180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路
eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友
eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相 185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么
eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样
eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样 188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事
eg : I made him write 我以前让他写
189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成 190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不……
eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭
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201 not… (形、副）at all
eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一点都不 203 not…either 表否定，也不
eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人
eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水 207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another 一个到另一个 214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的
eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作 216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢……
eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…
eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…
eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案 224 rather…than 宁可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 225 regard…as 把……当作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候 I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
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226 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he reminds me about cooking (he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做饭 227 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校 the words that (which) the teacher talked to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself 对自己说 230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样
eg: You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震惊
eg: Oh, It's only you! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物
eg: I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看
eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物
eg: I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始 245 stay away from 远离……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物 If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 这样 ，这种 251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇 253 take claes 上课 254 take sb to 把某人带去
eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步 256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于……
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257 talk with sb 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么 263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
eg :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地点） 到哪的
269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么
eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事
eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了
eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着 278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
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第13篇：初中英语语法总结
Summary of
Grammar
1.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon.
The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school.
I． want to know who came here late this morning.
2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。
He wondered if I would come.She told me that her son had got well.
She said that she liked watching TV.We thought Jim was wrong.
3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。
Mr.Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.
4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。
Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you）
Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she) 2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unle(除非)，when(当„的时候), as soon as(一„就„)，before, after, until, till, as(当„的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.
I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.
Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.
2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：
I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.
When he got to the park, his clamates had left.
My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。
She is a girl who/that is beauti l and kind-hearted.
She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.
That boy whosehair is very long is my brother.(所属)
The girl whois tall is my sister./ I own a bike whoseprice is high.
I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for.（指物）
I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.
I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life.（在这儿）
I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth./sb to do sth./that从句.
I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.
I wish youto join my flowers smell beauti l.The sweets taste sweet.The silk feels soft.I felt tired.
这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。
注意：如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：
He looks like his mother.That sounds like a good idea.
It smells like a flower.It tastes like salt.8.find和think部分用法: + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从)
宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，John found his son a clever boy.
2.形容词短语，Mrs.Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.
3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：I would like/ want another three desks.◇都可接带to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand. 2 feel like: ◇后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea? ◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.【feel like常用于疑问句或否定句中。】
10.词序易错的短语：1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge?
Nothing serious.There is something wrong with the computer.
I want to go somewhere warm.
2 else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。
What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?
Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?
3 enough修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。
This sweater is cheap enough.Nemo is old enough to work.
He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1What do you think of „?=
How do you like „? “你对„怎么看？”(How„?句中有like，是动词。) 2What’s the weather like in„? = How is the weather in„?“„的天气什么样?”(What„?句中有like，是介词“像”。)
12.take, cost, pay, spend区别：
1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.
It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.
2 物+cost+sb+钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan.(cost, cost, cost)
若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”：The bag costs 30 Yuan.
3 人+ pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.(pay, paid, paid).(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)
4 人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.
The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.
The girl always spends much money on her clothes.
spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter 13.双宾结构：pa/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/
ask/ tell/ build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb + sth.
其中pa, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.
buy, build等可接sth + for sb.
另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please pa it to me.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）
Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher.（连词）
Keep care l when listening to the teacher.（介词）
类似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。
如：I’ll wait until I hear from her.（连词）
I’ll wait until next Friday.（介词）
那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。
He’s eating fried chicken.他在吃炸鸡。There is no time left.
I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。
He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.
2.动词ing作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。
the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正进行)
a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit (功能) 16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。I felt surprised at his words.
How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing.17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语：
To be a teacher is my dream.Working hard brings you succe.
Taking care of our environment is very important.
To plant trees makes me happy.（谓语用单数）
Reading books gives you knowledge.(谓语用单数)
Listening and writing are both difficult.(谓语用复数) 18.later / after / ago /before: 1later“„时间后”结构：时间段+later
常用于一般过去时。They went to Beijing five days later.
(later单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I’ll see you later.)
2after“„时间后”结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和1相同。They went to Beijing after five days.
(after也可加句子：I’ll send you an e-mail after I get home.He found out the information after he had searched the Internet for thirty minutes.)
3ago“„时间前”结构：时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时。The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.
(since +时间段+ago，主句用现在完成时)
4before 单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”
I have been to London before.He has seen the film before.
(若是时间段+before, 则常用过去完成时，译为“„时间前”：
I had seen the film two weeks before.We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.) 19.四季
20.月份
21.星期 22.“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。also, 通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗号。as well, 只用于句尾。注意：后三个词都不用于否定句
23.带to不定式用法之一：带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to后动词用及物动词，不及物时需加介词。The apples are too tall for the boy to reach./The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.
24.(a) little / (a) few: 1few，little“几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数, little加不可数名词。2a few“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数; a little“一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。3另外，在too, very, so等词后用few, little; 在only, just, still等词后用a few, a little.而quite a few/ a little译为“很多”
25.及物动词+副词：put on/off/away/up/down/out; break off/down;
turn on/off/up/down; get back; use up; give away/out/up/back; try out/on; ring/call up; let down; clean up/out; set up; think up; hand in/out; fix up; work out; ;dre up;pick up; help out;
keep off/out/down cut down; write down; wake up(叫醒);
take off/away; sell out; look up/over; eat up; throw away/off
宾语是名词时，可放在中间或后边，是代词时只放在中间。 26.as„„as用法：1和„一样„ His room is as big as mine.
He runs as fast as I /me.2as„as poible/sb can “尽可能„”
We went there as soon as poible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。 Listen to the teacher as carefully you can.3有些短语有几个意思：as soon as 和„一样快；一„就„；as much as和„一样多；多达；as long as和„一样长；长达；只要；as well as和„一样好；和„一样；as far as远达；就„来说；
27.prefer用法：prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth比起„更喜欢„
prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿„也不愿„
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事 28.some-, any-, every-用法：1some-“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陈述句中。I have something to tell you.Maybe somebody has taken it.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑问句中仍译为“某～，一些～”Do you have anything to say？Is anybody in the house？在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何～”You may put the box anywhere in the room.He is taller than any other student in the cla.We don’t have anything to eat this morning.3every-“每～”，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybody here？-No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave.The gla was broken, and the water went everywhere.29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are + v.ing)、一般将来时(will/shall/be going to+动词原形)、一般过去时、过去进行时(was/were +v.ing)、现在完成时(have/has + v.过去分词)、过去完成时(had + v.过去分词)、过去将来时(would + v.原形) 六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数(加s/es)；现在分词(v.ing)；带to不定式。
30.if/whether区别：if 如果(引导条件状从) / 是否(引导宾从)
whether无论(引导让步状从) / 是否(引导宾从)
都译为“是否”时，whether可接or not, 也可接带to不定式。
if 则不可。另外，if可接any-单词，常不接some-单词。
If you have any water, please give me some.31.因为：because, 常是对why的回答，语气最强。
since, 位置：Since„，„.Since it’s already late, I must go now.
for, 位置：„，for„.语气最弱。I drove carefully, for it’s snowing.
as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。 32.表推测：must, may, might, can, could, can’t
must“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。
There is the door bell, it must be Tom.
may / might“也许”一般用于肯定句， may比might可能性大。
She is coming to us.She might be our new teacher.
can / could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are.
The light in the office is off.The teacher can’t be there now.33.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，so tall/slowly„
such是形容词，后跟名词短语。such bad weather / good news„;
such a beautiful girl / an important leon / a heavy stone„;
such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies„;
若名词前形容词是many, much, few, little时，不用such, 而用so.
so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water„
也常有“so / such „that„”句型，译为“如此„以致于„”。 34.so的另两个用法：1so + be/情态动词/助动词+主语，“„也”
上下文所指不是同一个人或物。The twins are working, so am I.
I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter.
以及对话形式：A: I woke up late this morning.B: So did I.
2 so + 主语 + be/情态动词/助动词，“的确„是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A: We have lunch at school.B: So you do.
又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem.B: So he can.35.neither/nor用法之一：neither/nor+ be/情态动词/助动词+主语
“„也不”上文是否定句。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother.
或对话形式：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast.B: Neither have I.36.keep, make, get,have用法：
1keep + sb/sth doing sth “让„一直做„” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.keep + doing sth “坚持做某事”
2make + sb/sth do sth让„做某事I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long.
3get + sb/sth to do sth.让„做某事。He got Peter to buy him a pen.
4have + 宾语+ 动词原形 /ing /过去分词
Have him do it, please.让他做它吧。We had the machine working.
我让那台机器一直工作着。We had the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让那台机器被修理了）。
5也都可接形容词：keep safe/busy, keep the door closed/open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.37.used短语：used to + 动原，“过去常常”He used to smoke.
be used to 译为“被用来„”，后接动原。It is used to cut things.
be used to 译为“习惯于„”，后接动词ing或名词/代词.
如：He’s used to working late./ We are all used to following others.
be used for + 目的（名词或动词ing）如：
English is used for busine./Knives are used for cutting things.38.through/past/acro: 都可作介词，“穿过”前常有位移动词。
He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.
He went past me without saying any words.
He swam acro the river.【through,内部; past,旁边; acro,表面。】
位移动词+ past 相当于动词pa; 位移动词+acro相当于cro.39.the number of / a number of: 前者“„的数量”；后者“许多的”
都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。The number of the trees is two thousand.用单数is.
A number of trees have been cut down.用复数have.40.延续性动词：How long，since，for，(以上见84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。
How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002.
Let’s wait until he comes back..但否定句中可用短暂性动词：
I haven’t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:
1All boys/All of the boys are from China.all 接可数复数，谓语也用复数。All of the water is polluted.若接不可数，谓语用单数。
2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag.each接名词单数或接of + 限定词+复数，后谓语都用单数。
3Both of the twins are clever.后面谓语用复数。
4None of the students has/have been there before.
none +of +限定词+复数, 谓语用单、复数都可。另见88
5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?
-Either day is OK./ Either of the days is OK.谓语用单数。
6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?
-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days.That is, neither time is OK./ neither of the days is OK.谓语用单数。
all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/ “每一个”/“没有一个”。both/either/neither两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个” 42.计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词。
The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide.
The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old.
若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。
They dug an eight-meter-deep hole./.I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.
It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice./ They built a 50-meter-wide street.
It’s a two-month holiday.(此处计量中的形容词long可省略。) 43.Must I / May I / Need I „? 用法：1Must I „?我必须„吗？
A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.
2May I „?我可以„吗？A: May I go out for a walk now?
B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustn’t/can’t.
3Need I„?我有必要„吗？
A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.44.hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具体数字，不加s及of.否则加s, 加of.如：thousands of trees; many millions of people.
nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of：several million pounds 45.反意疑问句(QT)部分用法:1something, nothing, anything, everything作主语，QT主语用it.
Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will come here on time, will he?
QT要结合think后的从句而定。
3祈使句的QT一般用will you? 而Let’s „用shall we?
Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you?
Be quiet, will you? Please don’t talk, will you?
Let us do it now, will you? Let’s do it now, shall we?
4There be句型，QT主语用there.
There is a man working in the field, isn’tthere?
There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’tthere?
There won’t be a movie in the theatre, willthere? 46.put on, wear, dre, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。You should put on your coat when you leave.
2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。He always wears the yellow sweater in winter./I like wearing beautiful clothes. 3dre, “给„穿衣”后接人。You can dre yourself, baby.
Lucy is dreing her little brother now.
be dreed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物。
The lady is dreed in a white skirt / white.可直接加表颜色的词。
4in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.
Do you know the girl in a red coat? I’ve seen the boy in yellow.47.虚拟语气部分用法：在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即if 从句中用一般过去时，而主句动词用would/should+动词原形，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。（注意：虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.）
If there were no air, people would die.(与现在事实相反)
If I got rich, I would travel around the world.(可能性很小) 48.other/others/the other/the others/another:
1如果不特定指出哪一个，是泛指，“另一个”要用another, 后加可数名词单数。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea.（没特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是单数。）
another也可+数字+可数复数：The meeting will last another two hours./ We need another six desks.
2如果只有两个或只有两部分，就给出了范围，其中另一个或另一部分是特指 (other前有the.)，有如下用法：
第一种，所说内容只有两个：
Mrs.Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science.【只有两个，用the other, 不加s, 后面名词可省略。】 又如：This pair of shoes is strange.One is blue, yet the other is green.这双鞋子很怪，一只蓝色，而另一只绿色。
第二种，只有两部分：此种情况下the other后接可数名词复数，或不接名词而只在the other后加s.Two fifths of the students in our cla are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls.Two children went, but the others stayed.（其他孩子都留下了。）
3如果没有显示出只有两部分，未给出范围，则是泛指，不加the.
Lei Feng liked helping other people / others.
Have you any other questions?
Alice didn’t like that dre, so she asked to see some others.
4other的另一用法：用比较级的形式，体现最高级的含义。
He is taller than any other boy in his cla.(划线中boy用单数) =
He is taller than all the other boys in his cla.(划线中boy用复数)
他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。
49.how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是对长度或时间段提问。How long is the river? -It’s 5,000 kilometers long.
How long have you lived there? -For five months./ Since 2002.
2how often是对频率提问，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day等。
How often do you watch TV? -Every two days./ Twice a week.
【若只有次数，则用how many times 提问：
How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice./ only once.】
3how soon 是对“in + 时间段”提问：
How soon will you return to Beijing? -In a week./ In two days.
4how far是对时间段’s + walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。
-How far is it from your home to the school?
-Five minutes’ walk./An hour’s ride./Thirteen minutes’ drive.或者说：It’s about 20 kilometers (far) away.（问和回答不同。） 50.分数表达：二分之一: half a/an 或a half.如：
half an hour= a half hour半小时 It’s half past seven.(省略冠词)
以下情况中，分子(基数词)若超过一，分母(序数词)需加s：
三分之一: a /one third 三分之二: two thirds
四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter
四分之三: three fourths或three quarters.
五分之一: a/one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它类推。
若分数所在of短语作主语，谓语依of后的名词而定：
Two fifths of the students are on time.(指名词复数时，谓用复) Two fifths of the land is polluted.（指不可数时，谓用单）
51.到达：1get to + 地点 get to Shanghai/London/ China
接地点副词时，不带to.get there/home/here.
2arrive in+大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地点(school/hospital)， arrive只作不及物动词。所以也可单独用：Please ring me up when you arrive.
reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing/England
但常不说reach home/there/here.52.感叹句：What + 名词短语+主语+谓语！
What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work! What good news!
What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What a pity!
How +形容词 / 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are!
How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!
53.because/ instead / out等与加of的区别：
1because 后接句子，because of 接名词或代词。
He didn’t come because he was ill./ because of his illne.
2instead是副词，单独在句尾。instead of 还要接名词或代词。
We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead./ instead of it.
3out 副词，可单独用，但若接地点，先加of.（也可作介词，
“向„外”，可不加of.一般不要求掌握。)
He went out early.或He went out of the house early.54.too much, too many与much too:
much too“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。much too big/slowly等。
too much“太多的”，加不可数名词。too much work/rain等。
too many“太多的”，加可数复数。too many books/people等。 55.alone / lonely: 1alone,“独自一人；单独”不含感情色彩。
可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jack is alone.杰克是单身。
The old woman is alone in the house.那位老妇一个人在屋里。
可当副词，修饰动词：She lives alone.她独居。
Can you move the stone alone? 你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗？
Dick is walking on the beach alone.狄克独自在海滩漫步。
（注意：不可说very alone.但可说very much alone.是特例）
2lonely, “孤独的；寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。
可在系动词后作表语：The old man is lonely.这位老人是孤独的。
He has many relatives, but he feels lonely.他有很多亲戚，但感到孤独。（lonely 和心理感受有关，而alone和心理感受无关。）
也可在名词前作定语：a lonely person一位孤独的人
a lonely village一个偏僻的村庄 （alone不可作定语） 56.belong to与be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother.(人)
This suit is mine /Lucy’s /my brother’s /hers.（某物是某人的）
57.by常见用法：1“通过”I study English by memorizing grammar.You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary.He travels by bike.
2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?
The train had left by the time he got there.
3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun.
4“经过”He paed by me without noticing me.
5“在„„旁边”Sit by me.They are playing by the river.58.部分用in的短语：in English, in a good way, in a hurry,
in pen / ink (见105), in the day(见92), in different sizes,
in different shapes, in a difficult situation， in good health,
in a red coat / in red(见46), in style, in the open air(露天场所) 59.比较级与最高级部分要点：1不规则形式或易错形式：
much/many→more→most bad/badly/ill→worse→worst
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest little→le→least
few→fewer→fewest old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
以ly结尾的形容词常把-ly换成-lier/-liest.
2常见比较级/最高级句型：He runs faster than me.(有than)
He did better than any other student in the school.(参照48)
Tom is the cleverest boy in his cla.(某个范围内)
He is the taller of the two (boys).(两者，此句型中加the)
He is the tallest of the three (boys).(三者)
Which is better, tea or milk? (两者选择)
Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者选择)
It’s the second longest river in China.（序数词后用最高级。）
3“越来越„”比较级+and +比较级
He cried harder and harder.She is getting taller and taller.
类似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter
/ stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse„
另一种情况：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully /„
4“越„, 越„”“the+比较级”分别置于两句的开头，倒装。
The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.
The younger we are, the more energy we have.
The more you eat, the fatter you will get.
5“越来越多的„”more and more +名词
More and more people are getting richer and richer.
We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water „.
6“„得多”much + 形容词/副词比较级
This room is much bigger than that one.
类似：much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better„
以及：much more careful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious„
7“另外的„(个) „”结构：数量+ more + 名词
one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles,
much more ttruth, some more meat, a lot more wood,
a little more experience, once more = one more time = again.
这种结构有时也可用another + 数字 + 名词替代：
five more trees = another five trees (记住词的位置) 60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物动词。
Don’t talk in cla.Shall we talk about our English study?
He is talking with his teacher.May I talk to you?
(talk with/to sb talk about sth)
2tell只作及物动词,“告诉；讲”。常接双宾结构。
Mr.Li told us an interesting story.Who told you the news?
3say必须接有内容。Please say it in English.He said nothing.
“I disagree with you.” said Tom.What will you say?
say 若接sb, 则需先加to: I must say sorry to you.
“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.
4speak“说话”不及物动词。He spoke too fast for me to follow.
接人时先加介词to.May I speak to Mr.Smith?
可表说话的能力。The baby can speak now.There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak.
“演讲，发言”Who will speak in the meeting? “说”可作及物 动词。
61。sometimes/some times/sometime/some time:
sometimes: “有时”=at times.He is imes late for school.
some times: “几次”I have been to Nanjing some times.
sometime: “某一时刻”I bought it sometime last spring.
We’ll meet again sometime next week.
some time: “一段时间”We have to stay here for some time.62.need 的用法：1need可当情态动词（和can等用法类似，但need只用于疑问句或否定句中）：Need I go now? (need 在一般疑问句的开头) I needn’t tell you the answer.(否定句中直接在need后加not) 【当情态动词时，need无时态变化。】
2need 可当行为动词（和want 等用法类似）：
He needs a bike.(后可直接加名词)
I need to go over my leons.(后接带to不定式)
Do you need to have a rest? （一般疑问句中do, does, did在句首）
We don’t need to wait for her coming.(否定句中do,does,did提前)
【注：need 后接表被动的内容时，可表达为：
The TV needs to be repaired.= The TV needs repairing.】 63.do with 与deal with: 都译为“处理，对付，安排，应付”
What have you done with the milk? 用what提问。
How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提问。
下面两句由此而来：Could you tell me what to do with the milk? Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? 64.就近原则：常见的有：Either you or Lucyis wrong.
There is a dog and two cats in the yard.(there be句型)
Not only you but (also) Iam strict in the work.
Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before.65.主谓一致：One/Neither of you is right.（单数谓语）
Tom, with his friends, has gone.(主语是Tom, 单数谓语)
This pair of shoes looks beautiful.（主语是pair, 单数谓语）
The shoes look beautiful.（主语无pair, 复数谓语）
Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it.（单数谓语）
The old need to be looked after carefully.The young are energetic.
(the 加形容词表一类人，谓语用复数)
Mr.and Mrs Green are from America.指格林夫妇 (复数谓语)
The teacher and writer is an able man.指教师兼作家, 一个人，单数谓语。
Both you and I are excited about the news.（复数谓语）
the number of与a number of参见39.（分数表达见50）
66.quite/such/really用法之一：如果出现不定冠词时，常放在后面。
It’s quite an easy question.He is quite a clever boy.
It’s such an important leon.(另见33) Lily is really a lazy girl.67.部分用what 提问的句型：
What size do you want? What will you do with the problem?
What’s the population of China? What day is it today?
What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? 68.there be部分用法：1There is only a student taking notes now.
There is no need to open the box.There are 20 trees to be planted.
2常有以下结构: there may/will/must/is going to/used to/„be.„
3there be中不可再出现have/has/had(有)的词。另一用法见45。
69.常见表否定的词或短语:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等.
有些有时在某些句型中也相当于否定，如without, too„to„
without anything, too tired to go any further
但前缀如dis--, un--, in--或后缀如--le,并不表否定。
70.常见后接动词原形的词或短语: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词，等等。
【注意否定形式：had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 动原；而please加don’t+动原】
71.常见后接动词ing的词或短语：finish /enjoy /practice /give up /
end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer„to„/can’t help /
be busy /be worth /take turns /mi(错过) /spend /have fun /介词等。
72.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语：want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (为了) /疑问词，等等。 另外，it作形式主语，后也常有带to不定式。 【否定：以上大多词 + not + to do sth】 73.被动语态(be +v.过去分词)用法：I did it.→It was done.
双宾:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us.She paed me a pen.→I was paed a pen.→A pen was paed to me.情态动词:We can make a plan.→A plan can be made.
进行时态:Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom.
完成时态：I have finished the work.→The work has been finished.74.名词或所属格作定语：1强调性别时a man doctor / two men doctors ； a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修饰词是单数时，性别也用单数；被修饰词是复数时，性别也用复数。
2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players
a bus station / some bus stations 复数只变被修饰的词。
3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day /
the Children’s Day “复数 + ’s ”作定语，译为“„的„”
4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此处“单数 + ’s ”作定语。
（附：and连接的名词所属格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers.分别是两个人的爸爸，所以应分别加“’s”
Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting.两个人共有的爸爸，所以在两人后只加一个“’s”。）
75.win与beat区别：win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match.We won the first place in the sports meeting.
而beat后加的是人：I’m afraid they will beat us.
I hope we can beat the boys’ team.(男子队，相当于人。) 76.it/that/one的部分用法：1it 指上文的某个事物，和上文是同一个。This book is very useful.I will take good care of it.
it也可指上文所说的事：My son has lost himself in the computer games.I’m worried about it.2that与上文所说是同一类，但不是同一个，常指不可数名词。
The food in China is quite different from that in America.The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu.that也可指上文所说的事：A: I had an accident and broke my legs.B: I’m sorry to hear that.3one 指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数，但不是同一个物。This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那个) 77.at/by the end of, in the end 的区别：
1at the end of +时间点或地点，“在„的尽头，在„的末尾”
They will have a sports meeting at the end of March.(加时间)
He put some books at the end of the bed.(加地点)
2by the end of +时间点，“截止到„末”
若接过去的时间点，常用过去完成时：They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month.若接将来的时间，常用一般将来时：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.
3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短语：They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village.78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地点“已去了„（还未回来）”-I can’t find those children, where are they?
-They have gone to the farm.(去了农场，不在这儿)
2have been to+地点“去过„（原来去过，现在已回）”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before，或句中常有ever, never等。
She has been to Qingdao three times.I have been to two big cities.
Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian.
I have never been there before.(此短语省略了to)
3have been in+地点，“已在„（多久了）”句尾常接for+时间段，或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。
Peter has been in China for a long time.
I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago.(此短语省略了in) 79.all/whole用法：all (of) the land / all (of) the cla / all (of) the students„【all 在定冠词the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area„【whole 在定冠词the 后】 80.a bit / a little区别：都可作副词，后直接加形容词和副词。
I’m a bit / a little hungry.She feels a bit / a little tired.
也可作代词或形容词，后接名词时有所不同：
I have only a little drink.She ate a little bread and went out.
(a little 直接加名词) 而下文：I have only a bit of drink.
She ate a bit of bread and went out.(a bit 先加of再加名词) 81.“擅长”与“不擅长”; “对„有利”与“对„有害”：
“擅长”：be good at / do well in
“不擅长”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in
“对„有利”：be good for “对„有害”：be bad for 82.表数量的词和短语的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) 后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可数名词复数。3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可数名词。
83.易用错的副词：1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词，常在它们前面。I really love reading.I really mi you.(修饰动词)
Tom speaks really quickly.汤姆说得非常快。（修饰副词）
It’s really kind of you.你真好。 (修饰形容词)
2very much常修饰动词want, mi, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(长得像„), move(使„感动), excite(使„激动)等等。常在句尾。Jack wants to go there very much.杰克很想去那儿。
I hate reciting the words very much.我很讨厌背单词。
He enjoyed the film very much.他很喜欢这部电影。
He takes after his mother very much.他长得很像他妈妈。
(very much 不可修饰形容词和副词：I’m happy very much.He is lucky very much.都是错误的。)
3very修饰形容词和副词，放在它们前面：
She is very kind.I am very happy.Peter speaks very slowly.
(very不可修饰动词：I very like English.He very mies you.等类似结构都是错误的。) 84.常用于现在完成时的词或短语：for（后加时间段，句中谓语用延续性动词）；since（后加时间点或一般过去时的句子，主句谓语用延续性动词）；How long（对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问，句中谓语也用延续性动词）in/all one’s life（在某人一生）；in/during the past/last+时间段 (在最近的„时间内) ；so far（到目前为止）；yet（用于句尾，用在疑问句或否定句中）；already (用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陈述句中) ；ever；never；just；before(单独用在句子末尾，常用此时态。但若时间段加before, 常用过去完成时) 以及recently等.85.形容词与副词区别：1形容词修饰名词，作定语（划线部分）：
She is a kind girl.What bad weather! I bought a new bike.
形容词可在系动词后，作表语(划线部分)：
The girl is kind.His face turned red.It tastes sweet.
2副词(划线部分)修饰动词、形容词、副词，也可修饰整个句子。
He ran quickly.Please speak loudly.Tim lives alone.修饰动词
She is very angry.He felt too tired.I’m so lucky.修饰形容词
He got up quite early.She did it very well.修饰副词
Unluckily, I failed the English exam.修饰整个句子 86.everyday与every day: everyday是形容词，后接名词，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English.every day是副词，作时间状语，“每天”。We speak English every day.87.everyone与every one: 1everyone“每个人；大家；所有人”，只指人。后不接of短语。Everyone is here except Tom.
2every one“每一个”既可指人，也可指物。后要接of短语。Every one of us has a dictionary.Every one of the trees is tall.88.none与no one: 1no one“没有一人”只指人,后不接of短语。
No one has been to Beihai Park.No one told us about it.
(以上因后面无of短语，故不用none)
2none“没有人；没有任何东西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可数名词，也可指不可数名词。后常接of短语。
None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.
（此处指人。因后有of短语，故不用no one）
A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.
（对话中none单独用，指物，不用no one.）
89.乘交通工具之表达:1by bike/ car/ sea(ship)/ air(plane) (无冠词)
2on a horseback /his bike /the plane /a ship (有冠词或限定词)
3in his/a car (car前用in) 4on foot 5动词短语: ride a bike /a horse; drive a car; walk; take a plane/ taxi/ bus; fly 90.kind of 与kinds of:
1kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词：
He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”
Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly.王叔叔说得有点快。
2若kind of前有a, this, that等，译为“一种，这种，那种” 后加名词。
That kind of question is difficult to answer.那类问题难回答。
3熟记一些短语：all kinds of...“各种各样的...”many kinds of“很多种类的”different kinds of“不同种类的” 后加名词。 动词，后接语言。Do you speak English? 91.rain / snow / wind的常见修饰词：a strong wind“一阵强风”
a heavy rain“一场大雨”heavy snow“大雪”（以上是名词短语）
blow hard“猛烈地吹”snow heavily“下大雪”rain hard/heavily“下大雨”（以上是动词短语）
92.day的部分用法：1on Teachers’ Day表节日或周几前用“on”.
2in the day / daytime“在白天”前加“in”。 3in eight days“八天后”用“in”。 4(in) those / these days“在过去 / 现在”
5today, next/last/this/that/every/all day等前面常不加介词。
同样，on Sunday/Monday/.../Saturday介词用的是on（有时可省略）, 若有next/last/this/that/every等时不再加on.93.个别名词的部分用法：1family“家庭；家庭成员”指整体时，表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式；指成员时，表示复数，谓语用复数形式：His family is going to move.My family is large.
（以上指整体，谓语用单数）
My familyare very well.我全家人很健康。（指成员，谓语用复数）一般不再区分谓语的单复数形式。类似的还有：staff(职员)，cla, team, public(公众)，government等.
2有些名词只表复数，谓语只用复数。如people, police, cattle等：The police are searching for a man with a big nose.
The cattle are eating gra in the field.
3deer, fish，sheep等词的单数和复数形式相同：
a deer(一只鹿)/ two deer(两只鹿) a fish(一条鱼)/ two fish(两条鱼)
a sheep(一只羊) / some sheep(一些羊)
另外fish若表示种类时，复数要在后加es: two fishes(两种鱼)
4有些名词单数变复数有特殊形式：
man→men; woman→women; foot→feet; tooth→teeth;
mouse→mice; child→children; ox→oxen (公牛)
5有些名词通常只有复数形式：
sciors (剪刀) clothes(衣服) trousers (裤子) glaes(眼镜)
6有些名词只是不可数名词： It’s such great fun.What fun!
What good news! I won’t do anything in such bad weather.
Can you tell me some information? I like music which is popular.
类似：a piece of chalk much knowledge learn a little English等
94.leave的用法：1leave可指“离开”leave Zhengzhou离开郑州
leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan离开郑州到武汉
leave for Wuhan动身到武汉 (for后接目的地，而不是出发地)
2leave留下；忘记 I left my backpack at home.
leave后接地点，而forget后无地点。Sorry, I forgot the money.95.ill与sick的区别：1都可译为“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语： Her mother was ill in bed.但sick既可作表语（在美语中），也可作定语：Her mother was sick in bed.Jane is taking care of her sick mother.(此处是定语，不可用ill, 见下文ill用法)
2若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“
The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.96.return用法：1“返回”，相当于“go back / get back / come back..如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.
（当“返回”时是不及物动词，先加to才可再加地点。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.）
2“归还”，相当于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.
（当“归还”时是及物动词，后直接加物，若再接人时方可加to.同样不可再跟back.如：You should return the piano to Dick on time.）
97.favourite 与own的类似结构: 形容词性物主代词 + favorite +名词（某人最喜欢的...）或者 + own + 名词(某人自己的...)
如：My favorite animal is dog.He found hisown bike.98.stop / start(begin) / forget(remember) / like/go on等动词：
1stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事。stop to do sth.停下来做某事（stop后是将要做的事）He was tired, so he stopped working.
He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest.要注意有时两种形式会同时出现：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a rest.
2start/begin doing/to do 含义基本相同，但以下情况下start/begin后只接to do: ★若start / begin 已用进行时态时：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.★主语是物而不是人时：The ice began / started to melt.★其后的动词与想法、感情有关时：He began / started to understand it.
3forget/remember to do sth.忘记/想起将要做的事。
forget / remember doing sth.忘记/想起已经做过的事。
4like doing sth.(因爱好而喜欢，表示一种习惯)
Jack likes sleeping in the cla.
(在班睡觉虽不是好事，杰克却有这个爱好。有睡觉的习惯。)
like to do sth(认为明智或正确而喜欢)
She likes to help others.（助人是一件正确的事，所以喜欢。）
I don’t like to play in the street.(在大街上玩不明智，故不喜欢)
有时区别不明显，接两形式都可。He likes watching / to watch TV.
5go on doing sth.继续做某事（上文所做的事）go on to do sth接下来做另一件事（不是上文所做之事）
99.普通代词形式：
主格 宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词
(作主语)(作宾语) (后要再接名词) (后不再接名词) (主宾一致)
I me my pen/house...mine myself
you(你) you your bag/car...yours yourself
he him his desk/coat...his himself
she her her hair/books...hers herself
it it its tail/face...its itself
we us our teacher/room...ours ourselves
you(你们) you your cla/hometown...yours yourselves
they them their school/fathers...theirs themselves 100.基数词和序数词：基数词表示人或物的数量。序数词表示人或物的次序。注意以下几种形式：one→first two→second
three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth twenty→twentieth thirty等类推
另外，“四十”forty; 无字母u.“第九”ninth无字母e.101.room /space /place: 1room“房间”（可数）a room/ two rooms
“空间”（不可数）：指可以容纳东西或为其它目的而使用的空间。
Could you make room for me? 你能为我让一下空间吗？
Is there room for me in the car? 车里有我的位子吗？
2space“空间”普通用语，表示万物存在之处，与“时间”（time）为相对概念。in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空间（太空）
time and space时间和空间
Is there any space for me in the car? (此处和room的含义相当)
3place“地方”（可数），指某一具体地点。
I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.
Mount Chaya is a wonderful place.嵖岈山是一个奇妙之地。 102.常见国籍、人与语言的对应：
1China“中国”Chinese（无复数形式）“中国人（的）/中文（的）/中国的” a Chinese/ two Chinese“一个/两个中国人”
Japan, Japanese 和此类似。
2England“英国（原义：英格兰）” (= Britain)
English（无复数形式）“英国人（的）/英语（的）/英国的”
He is English.(前无冠词)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠词)“他是英国人”
注意复数：They are English.= They are Englishmen.(变为men)
3France“法国” French(无复数形式)“法国人(的) / 法语(的) / 法国的”
The lady is French.(前无冠词)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠词)
注意复数：The ladies are French.= The ladies are Frenchwomen.
4Germany“德国”German“德国人(的) / 德语(的) / 德国的”
The boy is a German.(前有冠词) The boys are Germans.(复数加s.）
5America“美国” American“美国人（的）/ 美国的”
He is American.(前常无冠词）They are Americans.(复数加s) 103.易写错词形:◆noise(名词)“噪音”; noisy(形容词); noisily(副词) ◆health(名词)“健康”; healthy(形容词); healthily(副词)
◆luck(名词)“运气”; lucky(形容词)“幸运的”; luckily(副词)
◆succeed(动词)“成功”; succe(名词); succeful(形容词) succefully(副词) ◆save(动词)“救，节省，存”; safe(形容词)“安全的”; safety(名词)“安全，安全场所”safely（副词 ）◆true（形容词）“真的，对的”; truly(副词“)真正地”; truth(名词“)真理,事实”◆terrible(形容词)“难受的，可怕的”; terribly(副词) 104.job与work:1job, 可数：I have a job as a teacher.
Jobs are not easy to get.He wants a job.2work, 不可数
I cannot find work in this town.Have you finished your work? 105.with和in表示“用”：1with用工具：write with a pen /a pencil/
a piece of chalk 2in用写字材料：write in ink / pen (前无冠词) 106.时刻之表达：1分钟未过半点，如7:20→seven twenty→twenty
past seven: 2:02→two oh two→two past two 2分钟已过半点，如5:45→five forty-five→a quarter to six→fifteen to six 1:58→one fifty-eight→two to two 3刚好半点，如9:30→nine thirty→half past nine 4刚好整点，如11:00→eleven o’clock 107.be + 形 + of sb 与 for sb的区别：1It’s kind of you to help me.
解释：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说You are kind to help me.此情况下介词用的是of.2It’s easy for you to do the work.解释：easy，difficult, neceary, important, dangerous, interesting等词如果在句中不反映人的特点或性格，如此句中并不是在说You are easy.而是“做
这项工作”这件事是容易的。此情况下介词用的是for.又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain.“爬山”是危险的，不是说“我们”是“危险”的。for sb 是“就某人来说”之意。
108.take, bring, fetch与carry: 都译为“拿”。◆take“拿走”，从说话人处带到另一处 ◆bring“带来”，从另一处带到说话人处。◆fetch“去拿来”，先到另一地拿东西，然后再返回到说话人处。◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，没有特定方向性。
109.条件与祈使: 有时条件句可以与祈使句有相同的意思。注意以下句子结构有何不同。
If you work hard, you will achieve your dream.相当于: Work hard, and you will achieve„
If you don’t listen to me carefully, you won’t understand it.相当于：Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.110.in / on / at + 时间：1in three days (“„时间后”，常用于一般将来时) in September
in 1998; in the 1860s(在十九世纪六十年代)
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night
2on Christmas Eve; on October 1st;
on Sunday evenings; on a cold morning;
on Fridays; on New Year’s Day;
on the morning / afternoon / evening / night of September 10th.(morning / afternoon / evening / night若是early / late 修饰时，仍用介词in)
3at 6:00; at Christmas; at noon; at night 112.one day与someday/some day的区别：
1one day“某一天，有一天”既可用于一般过去时，也可用于一般将来时。One day, a stranger came to my house.I will achieve my dream one day.2someday/some day“某一天”常用于一般将来时。可以和one day互换。I’m sure I can go to the Great Wall someday.113.miing与lost: 都可译为“丢失的，失踪的”
但用的分别是动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。My pen is lost / miing.(表语)
I’ve found the miing / lost book.（定语） 114.常见部分名词及其修饰词：1price(价格)常用high 与low修饰。 sell sth at a high / low price 以高 / 低价出售 The price of the shoes is high / low.2number(数量)常用big / large和small修饰 3quality(质量，品质)常用low / poor和high / good修饰。 4population(人口)常 big / large和small修饰 (以上词都不用many, much修饰。)
第14篇：初中英语语法总结
第一讲
1 (see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
初中英语语法复习（2）
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pa the test
18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 不好意思… 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
初中英语语法复习（3） B．情感型使动词：
情感型使动词表示客观事物使人产生情感上的变化，可以分为下列概念：（1）惊讶（surprise）；（2）高兴（delight）；（3）恼怒（irritation）；（4）烦扰（trouble）；（5）兴趣（interest）；（6）激动（excitement）；（7）迷惑（bewilderment）；（8）坚信（ conviction）；（ 9）恐吓（fright）；（10）厌倦（tiredne）和（ll）愤怒（anger）。这类动词用于被动语态时，要注意前置词的用法。分述如下： （1）惊讶：
表示“惊讶”概念的情感型使动词，主要有surprise，astonish，astound，amaze，startle，stun，dumbfound，shock等，例如： 78）a．The taste surprised him，it was not as he'd imagined． b．The taste made him surprised，it was not as he'd imagined． c．He was surprised by the taste，it was not as he'd imagined． （这味道使他大出意外，那完全不是他原先想的那样。） 79）a．The news astonished everybody． b．The news made everybody astonished． c．Everybody was astonished at the news． （这个消息使大家感到惊奇。）
80）a．Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis．
b．Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis．
c．Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis．
（夏洛克·福尔摩斯精确的分析使华生医生感到惊奇。） 81）a．Their performance amazed me． b．I was amazed at／by their performance． （他们的演出使我惊奇。）
82）a．The explosion startled me out of my sleep． b．I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion． （爆炸声使我从睡梦中惊醒。）
83）a．The unfairne of their judgment stunned me． b．I was stunned by the unfairne of their judgment． （他们判决的不公正使我为之震惊。）
84）a．The strange news completely dumb-founded me． b．I was completely dumbfounded at／by the strange news． （这个奇怪的消息完全把我惊呆了。）
85）a．The news of her death greatly shocked me． b．I was greatly shocked at the news of her death． （她的死讯使我大为震惊。） 初中英语语法复习（4） B．情感型使动词：(2)
（2）高兴：
表示“高兴”概念的情感型使动词，主要有delight，please，statisfy，amuse等，例如： 86） a．Her singing delighted us． b．Her singing made us delighted． c．We were delighted at her singing． （她的歌声使我们欢乐。） 87） a．His work pleased me． b．His work made me pleased． c．I was pleased with his work． （他的工作使我高兴。）
88） a．The result completely satisfied most of the people． b．Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result． （这个结果使大多数人完全满意。）
89） a．The old man's jokes amused the children． b．The children were amused at／by the old man's jokes． （老人讲的笑话逗得孩子们都笑起来。） （3）恼怒：
表示“恼怒”概念的情感型使动词，主要有annoy， irritate，vex，displease等，例如：
90） a． What he said annoyed me． b．What be said made me annoyed． c．I was annoyed by what he said． （他的话使我恼怒。） 91） a． His delay irritated us． b．His delay made us irritated． c．We were irritated by his delay． （他的拖延激怒了我们。）
92） a．The boy's bad behaviour vexed his mother． b．The boy's mother was vexed by his bad behaviour． （这男孩子的恶劣行为使他母亲生气。） 93） a．Her levity displeased him． b． He was displeased at／with her levity． （她的轻浮使他感到不快。）
初中英语语法复习（5）
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for cla 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 是…的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 很遗憾做…/ 对某人感到抱歉
59 be sorry to hear that 很遗憾听到…
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打扰某人
初中英语语法复习（6）
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pa the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pa the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in cla 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
第二讲
（一）形容词，副词比较级和最高级的构成。
（二）比较级用法：
1.同级比较时（a=b），用“as +形容词，副词原级+as”，表
示„„和„„一样
This newspaper is as expensive as that one.
Today is as cold as yesterday.They have as many things to do as we do.2.如果a=b,用not as/so „as , 表示。。。不及。。。。
Your bag is not as/so big as his.There is not as/so much rain this year as last year.It is not as/so cold in Nanjing as in Beijing.3.两个人或事物进行比较，a>b 或a
He is much younger than I.
5.双重比较
（1）比较级+and+比较级，表示越来越。。。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer.I believe our country will become stronger and stronger.（2）the+比较级„„，the +比较级„„表示越„„就越„„ The more you read and listen to English, the fewer you make
mistakes.The harder you work , the better you get.6.表示倍数，百分数和分数的比较级与程度副词一样，要把倍数，百分数和分数放到比较 级前。 The road is one third longer than that one.
He is 6 years older than you.
（三）形容词，副词的最高级：
1.三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较用最高级。其结构是：
the+最高级+范围 Peter is the cleverest boy in our cla.Which is the most interesting movie you have seen? Who is the youngest of all the teachers in your school? 2.形容词的最高级前表示‘第几’，用the+序数词+形容词的
最高级+名词
Mike was the second tallest basketball player in our school.3.形容词的最高级前有物主代词时，不再加the He showed me his best stamp collection.
（四）重点词汇：
1.You can move from one news site to other sites with similar
information.similar to sb./sth.We have very similar interests.Gold is similar in color to bra.2.On average, I look at news websites twice as often as TV
programs.On average, there are about 10 claes in Grade 1 every year.3.However, some news channels are on TV all day and so, in this way, they are the same as Internet websites.the same as 表示和„„一样，相当于as„as This book is the same as that one.These pens are not the same as the others.4.Websites sometimes have short videos but often these are too
large to open.She is too exc ited to speak.You are too young to go to school.
5.at any time
This is a 24-hour fast food restaurant.You can go there at any
time.
You can call me at any time.
6.at certain times The news is on TV only at certain times, so it is not as recent as
the Internet news.7.instead of
Could I have chicken instead of pork?
（五）课文写作框架：
Paragraph1 General introduction Let’s compare two types of
news.Paragraph2 Advantages of TV news 1.See and hear real people.2.The pictures and sound are better.3.Someone has already chosen the most important news.Paragraph3 Disadvantages of TV news 1.TV news is not as
recent as the Internet news.2.TV news programs have ads.Paragraph 4 Advantages of the Internet news 1.You can see
them at any time.2.The news is updated all the time.3.It’s easy to find similar information.4.You can comment or join in a discuion.Paragraph 5 Disadvantages of the Internet news 1.The Internet news is not as personal as TV news.2.The sound and video are not good.
3.There are ads on websites.Paragraph 6 Conclusion It’s hard to say which one is better.
［课堂练习］ I、选择填空
1.My schoolbag is larger than________.A.she B.her C.hers D.hers’
2.He's much ________ today, but she is even ________.A.well, worse B.well, better C.better, ill D.better, worse 3.My aunt is very _______, but my uncle is much ________.A.strong, strongest B.strong, stronger C.stronger, stronger D.
strong, strong 4.We have ________ rain this year than last year.A.plenty B.much C.plenty of D.more 5.He always makes his radio as _______ as poible .A.louder B.loudly C.loud D.aloud 6.We are glad to see that Shanghai is developing _____ these years than before.
A.quickly
B.le quickly
C.more quickly
D.
quicker 7.Hello, Mr.Green! I want to see you right now.Can you come as
_____ as poible?
A.quick
B.soon
C.late
D.can 8.A: Jane, it’s time to go to school.Get up and have breakfast.B: But I am not feeling _____.I don’t feel like eating anything.
A.bad
B.good
C.well 9.It’s ____ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.
A.more B.better
C.good
D.best 10.Bill jumped _____ than any other player in the sports meeting.
A.tall
B.taller
C.high
D.higher
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Where do you get the news about what _________ (happen) now in the world? 2.You mustn’t read it.It is a ______________ (person) letter.3.Can you find the ____________ between news on TV and news
on the Internet? (different) 4.You can join in a ____________ on many new sites.(discu) 5.The newspaper is _____________ as expensive as that one.(two) 6.He draws even ______________ than his father.(well) 7.This text is far _____________________.(interesting) 8.News Today does not cover as _______________ as News Time.(much)
III.用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空
1.Which runs________ (fast), a cheetah or a kangaroo? 2.Mr.Zhang speaks ________(clear) of all the teachers.3.They did _________ (bad) on the test th an the other students.4.Who is ________(good) at playing che, you or your brother? 5.Who did ________ (well) in the competition? 6.After the accident he drove __________ (careful) than before.7.She talks ________________ (quickly) than her sister.8.Liu Mei sings_________________(beautiful) in our cla.9.________ (hard) you study, __________ (high) mark you will get.10.The day is getting_____ and ____ (short).11.He got a cold yesterday and he feels even _____________ today.(bad)
第15篇：初中英语语法说课稿
Good afternoon, everyone.I’m Zhou Yan.I’m an English teacher from Experimental School of Suqian.Now I’ll say Sample A of Leon Six in Book One.I’ll prepare to say the leon from four parts. Part One Analysis of the Teaching Material (一) STATUS AND FUNCTION
1.This is an important leon in Book One.From this leon, it starts asking the Ss to grasp contents of each Sample.To attain “four skills” request of listening, speaking, reading and writing.To start listing “Word Bank” and tell the Ss to remember the new words.To start asking the Ss to write English sentences well.Therefore this leon is in the important position of the teaching material.
2.This leon is the first one of Unit 2.So if the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.
3.Such a topic is related to daily life, so it is helpful to raise learning interests of students and it will be also helpful to improve their spoken English.
(二)ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS
The Ss has learned English for about one month so far.They can understand some words and some simple sentences.The Ss have taken a great interest in English now.
(三)TEACHING AIMS AND DEMANDS
The teaching aim\'s basis is established according to Junior School English syllabus\' provision. 1.Knowledge objects
(1) To make the Ss know how to use the affirmative sentence “This is....” and the negative sentence “This is not….”Everyday expreions for “Apologies”“I\\\'m sorry”“That\\\'s all right”.
(2) To study the new words “six, hey, sorry, it’s, that’s”, etc.by learning the dialogue of this leon. (3) To finish some exercises. 2.Ability objects
(1) To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. (2) To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.
(3) To develop the Ss’ abilities of communication by learning the useful structures.
3.Moral objects
(1) To enable the Ss to be polite and love life.
(2) To enable the Ss to look after their things well. (四)TEACHING KEY AND DIFFICULT POINTS
The teaching key and difficult points’ basis is established according to Sample A of Leon Six in the teaching material\\\'s position and function. 1.Key points: (1).To help the Ss to communicate with each other.
(2).To enable the Ss to study in groups and co-operate skillfully. (3).To develop the Ss’ interest in English. 2.Difficult points:
(1) How to make dialogues and act them out. (2) How to write the right whole sentences. (五) TEACHING AIDS
Multi-media computer, Tape recorder, Software: Powerpoint or Authorware, school things and so on.They will be needed in this leon. Part Two The Teaching Methods 1.Communicative teaching method 2.Audio-visual teaching method 3.Task-based” teaching method
As we all know: the main instructional aims of learning English in the Middle School is to cultivate students’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading, writing and their good sense of the English language.So in this leon I’ll mainly use “Communicative” teaching method, “Audio-visual” teaching method and “Task-based” teaching method.That is to say, I’ll let the Ss to get a better understanding of the key structure of the dialogue.I’ll give the Ss some tasks and arrange five kinds of activities: talking, gueing games, watching CAI, acting out Sample A and having a competition.
Teaching special features
To use these methods are helpful to develop the Ss’ thought. Part Three STUDYING WAYS
1.Teach the Ss how to be succeful language learners.
2.Let the Ss pa \"Observation—Imitation—Practice \" to study language.
3.Teach the Ss how to master dialogues and how to communicate with others.
Teaching special features:
Let the Ss communicate with each other and adopt competition methods to develop the Ss’ keen interest in English. Part Four Teaching Procedure
I’ll finish this leon in four steps.First I’ll divide the Ss into four groups and bring a competition into the cla.At last let’s see which group is the winner.
Step1 Warm-up
1.Free talk between T and Ss .
Such as: Hi, I’m ....What’s your name? This is ….How do you do? Who is he/she? How are you? Who can count from 1to 5? What’s this in English? etc.
2.A game: Ask the Ss to give T some school things.For example: T: Give me your book.(ruler, box, pen, table, knife, etc.)
T: This is your book.This is not my book.It’s your book.etc.
In this course I’ll ask them to make a dialogue group by group without repetition.Find out which group will make the most dialogues.
Purpose of my designing: I think it is important to form a better English learning surrounding for the Ss by imitating and at the same time it is neceary to provide situations to review learned knowledge. Step2.Presentation
This course is very important.I’ll mainly talk about this step.
I’ll use CAI to present the whole dialogue.Arrange some situations to help Ss understand Sample A.
First scene: There is a bag on the floor.B is picking it up and get ready to leave.Now A is talking with B. A: Hi, B.How are you today? B: I’m fine, thank you.And you? A: I’m fine, too.Oh, this is my bag.
B: No, this is not your bag.It’s my bag. A: (Look closely) Oh, I’m sorry. B: That’s all right.
(At the same time, C is running up and hitting A.) C: Oh, I’m sorry. A: That’s OK.
I’ll write the key points on the Bb while they are watching.After watching, I’ll teach them to read the words and sentences on the Bb.Make sure they can read them well.
Purpose of my designing: To present Sample A by CAI is much easier for the Ss to learn and grasp the meanings.CAI can provide a real situation with its sound and picture and it makes the relationships between the Ss better.
Step3.Practice
First play the tape recorder.Let the Ss listen and imitate the dialogue.Pay attention to their pronunciation and intonation.In this step the Ss are required to practise the Sample in pairs by reading the dialogue aloud.This step is employed to make the Ss grasp the Sample .At last I’ll ask the Ss to think hard and act it out with a partner according to Sample A.Then find out which group will act it out well.I’ll give them red stars. Purpose of my designing: This step is employed to make the Ss get the general idea of the dialogue as a whole one.At the same time let the Ss have a chance to practise their listening and spoken ability. Step4.Production
In this step I’ll give the Ss a free space to show their abilities.
Second scene: The Ss are having a picnic.It’s hot and they take off their coats and put them together.They are singing and dancing, laughing and chatting.After the picnic, they begin to look for their coats.D and E are talking.F and G are talking.etc.
After watching, I’ll give the Ss some tasks to make similar dialogues without repetition and find out which group will make more dialogues. Purpose of my designing: “Task-based” teaching method is used here to develop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trained.Tell the Ss we should be polite and take good care of our things.We should love our life.I think proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning.If the Ss can finish this task well, they will benefit a lot in their spoken English. 2.Skill 1 Model 1.
I’ll ask four Ss of the groups to write these sentences on the Bb in the four lines.
Then check their handwriting, correct their mistakes.Find out who will write well and whose handing is the best. 3.Finish the Ss’ workbook.
Purpose of my designing: To check the knowledge Ss have learned in this leon.
Step5.Homework:
(1)Recite the words as many as poible after cla.
(2)Make a dialogue according to Sample A and write it in the exercise book.
Purpose of my designing: I think homework is so important that the Ss should speak English as much as they can in cla or after cla.It is neceary for the Ss to do some extensive exercises after cla to consolidate the knowledge they learned. Blackboard Design
Leon Six Sample ASix This is my….hey This is not your....sorry It’s my....Picture it’s=it is Oh, I’m sorry.that’s=that is That’s all right/OK.
第16篇：初中英语语法总结
初中英语语法总结(2)
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let\'s begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I\'m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He\'s bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don\'t you care about this country\'s future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don\'t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don\'t mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don\'t forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \\one\'s sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don\'t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don\'t know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I\'ll go to LuZhou if it does\'t rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I\'ll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one\'s opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）
第17篇：【免费】初中英语语法
多媒体辅助中学英语教学中存在的问题
摘要：多媒体辅助语言教学作为一种教学手段被越来越多地运用到教师的日常课堂教学中，它对于开发英语教学资源，拓宽学生学习渠道，改进学生学习方式，提高教学效果起到了积极的作用。同时，应充分认识到中学英语教学的需要，不能走极端。本文对多媒体辅助英语教学中出现的一些偏差或问题进行了一些探讨。
关键词：多媒体辅助教学；英语教学；现代教育技术
多媒体的出现，网络技术的运用，信息时代的到来正在给教育带来深刻的变化。特别是多媒体融图、文、声于一体的认知工具，改善了认知环境，人们已经意识到如同医疗技术的发展更新了医疗手段、医疗方法一样，以多媒体为核心的新教育技术的运用更新了教学手段、教学方法、教学模式，这将使得人们关于教育、教学的传统观念受到冲击，甚至将会导致教学内容、教育思想、教学理论、教学体制的变革。如何在先进教育理论的指导下，充分认识到中学英语教学的需要，发挥多媒体的作用，促进英语教学改革的深入引起人们的关注，“多媒体辅助中学英语教学”（以下简称“多媒体辅教”）已经普遍被接受，有关它的研究也正在日益兴起。出于对“多媒体辅教”的兴趣及学校教学活动的要求，笔者看过一些“多媒体辅教”的软件，听过很多运用多媒体辅助教学讲授的“公开课”。不能否认，一些软件、一些“多媒体辅教”课还是很成功的，但是，为“公开课”而使用多媒体、为评比而使用多媒体，为使用多媒体而使用多媒体的现象还普遍存在，在“多媒体辅教”这一实验研究中明显存在着“问题”，可能还没有引起足够的思考或重视。本文试图对“多媒体辅教”中出现的一些偏差或问题作一些粗浅的探讨，以引起各位同行的重视。
问题一：不恰当地追求“多媒体”，忽视对教学的干扰
笔者在听课时见过一些课件，一开始就是一段噪人的音乐，在教学过程中，学生答对了，出现鼓掌声或者“你真棒”的赞扬声；答错了，来个“再想想”或者一个怪声音，这就把电脑的多媒体功能在辅助教学中用偏了。多媒体电脑确实能够把声音、图像、文字有机地组合在一起，形成一体化的教材，是内容单调、枯燥，以教科书、录音带、录像带各自独立形式存在的传统教材所无法比拟的，但是作为辅助中学英语这一特定学科教学的电脑软件，尤其作为辅助课堂教学的软件，如果过多地追求“多媒体”，特别是莫名其妙地来一段音乐，就会适得其反，这不仅不能增强教学效果，反而干扰学生的思考，干扰了课堂教学，削弱了课堂教学效果。
问题二：追求软件的“外在美”，忽视软件的“内在美” 在说课与评课的交流活动中，笔者见过一些课件制作者在展示其课件时大谈他的课件多么漂亮，华丽，一味地追求最新的“高科技”，把教学课件搞成电脑多媒体功能成果展览，却不谈用他的课件解决了英语教学中什么不用电脑不能解决的问题，不谈用他的课件辅助教学“辅”在何处。在这种情形下，所用课件往往会分散学生的注意力，干扰学生的观察， 不利于看清问题的本质。“电脑辅教”不仅是艺术，更重要的是科学，这是每一个课件制作者都需要注意的，我们提倡课件应该有友好的界面，操作简单、方便，“界面友好”与“华丽”当然不是一回事，特别是作为辅助英语教学的电脑软件，更应该把解决英语教学中的问题放在第一位，追求软件的内在作用，而不是外在的所谓“美”。“英语美”是英语内容的和谐美，对学生“英语美”的教育与熏陶醉要是教学内容上。
问题三：重视多媒体的运用，忽视其他媒体的运用
课堂上使用多媒体，同时又使用其他媒体的做法较为少见。笔者所见到的课件，大多是从上课使用到下课，很少有人把课件在课堂上只用几分钟。教师在课堂上动动鼠标、敲敲键盘代替了手势，教师成了放映员，学生45分钟面对着屏幕，甚至把原先低效的“人灌”，变成高速的“机灌”，使多媒体成了“应试教育”的帮凶。根据本人的实践，在中学英语教学中，可能还没有需要把多媒体从上课使用到下课的教学内容，基本上只使用几分钟或者十几分钟，有时也不是连续地使用，只是需要时才用一下。机器播放的语言固然比较标准，但是与教师的那些富有人情味的亲切话语绝对不是可以等同的，忽视教学中教师与学生的情感交流，不恰当地夸大机器的作用就必然把多媒体辅助教学引向反面。教学过程是一个十分复杂的过程，教师的一个微笑、一个手势、一个简单的动作在提高教学效果中起着重要的作用。在使用多媒体辅助教学的过程中，教师不能用“人机对话”代替“人际对话”，课件制作的过程也应该是学生进行概念构建的过程；并始终注意教师与学生间的情感交流，如教师的精心设问、师生间的对话；教师的板书等，没有忽视黑板的使用。再说，有些内容用其他媒体进行教学并不比多媒体差。能用黑板、嘴巴等其他媒体讲清楚的，就不必使用多媒体，一开始就应该把这个方向搞对头。
问题四：重视演示现象、说明问题、传授知识，忽视揭示过程、培养能力
到底应该用多媒体展示现象，传授知识，还是充分发挥多媒体的“静”变“动”，微观变宏观，抽象变形象等功能来培养学生的各种能力是不同教学观的体现。由此可见，同样是使用多媒体辅助教学，仍然存在教学方法的选择、教学的精心设计。多媒体的出现，更为重要的意义在于我们可以用“建构主义”的思想来进行教学设计，可以为学生实现“意义建构”创设更为逼真的“情景”，可以改善认知环境。
问题五：重视形象思维，忽视抽象思维
多媒体的特点是能够使静态变为动态，抽象变为形象，但是过多地使用多媒体，把一切抽象问题都形象化，又不利于抽象思维能力的培养。一切都形象化了，学生抽象概括的能力就可能下降，而英语又是一门特别需要抽象思维能力的学科，抽象思维能力的削弱不利于英语的再学习，特别不利于高等英语的学习。固然传统教学偏重逻辑能力培养的认知构建有一定的局限性，运用多媒体技术开发学生形象思维的心理优势和学习潜力可以弥补这一缺憾，多媒体技术在教学中的生命力就在于在教学过程中既训练使用右脑，又注重开发左脑，一定要注意如何恰到好处地使形象思维和抽象思维相辅相成，优势互补，相得益彰。
问题六：重视教师的如何“教”，忽视学生的如何“学” 目前使用于多媒体辅助教学的课件大多还只是在改变教师的如何“教”上下功夫，用多媒体来帮助教师说清用其他教具所不能说清问题的教学模式占多数，很少用多媒体来帮助学生学的，即以“教”为主的教学设计多，而以“学”为主的教学设计少。另一方面，忽视课件的“交互性”，即使有“交互性”的课件也是在教师设想范围内的“交互性”。本人曾在听课过程中见到这样的情况，由于多媒体不能演示，把作课教师急得满头大汗。现代教育模式与传统教育模式的根本区别就是把以教师为中心的教学转变为以学生为中心的教学，从这里可以看出，不能教学设备现代化了，而教学思想却是陈旧的。“教育要面向现代化”首先应该是教育思想的现代化。用多媒体辅助教学成功的主要标志应该是：有利于学生主动参与；有利于揭示教学内容的实质；有利于课堂交流的高效实现；有利于学生思维和技能的训练。
问题七：重视课内，忽视课外
目前多媒体辅助教学还只局限于课堂上的使用，而忽视课外对学生的辅导。即使有一些课外的所谓多媒体教学光盘也不外乎是用于学生的练习、考卷，或者把课本上内容罗列一下的“课本搬家”，或者是一些教师的“教学笔记搬家”，实际上，做英语练习的效果还不如传统的练习册。试想一下，学生在屏幕上看习题，多媒体在旁边“读秒”催着做题，能有利于学生思维的展开吗？能不能把课堂上教师用来演示或者启发学生思维、发现问题的教学软件也让学生拥有，学生在家里用这些软件再进行一次概念认知、发现问题、解决问题的实践，即注重学生能力培养的课外辅导软件多一些，而不是练习，这样做才是努力减轻学生的负担实现“素质教育”。这样做的好处是让学习能力稍差的学生有再学习的机会，而不仅是回家再做练习。全面优化的课堂教学，无论是学生还是教师，在课后都应该可以将课堂上讲解的课件再次读取出来，学生对于不理解的环节，教师对于设计不妥的地方都可以反复观看，再次认识或者修改，这不仅降低了教师的工作强度，也极大地提高了学生的学习兴趣。
问题八：把“是否使用了多媒体”作为“优质课”评比的条件之一
在一些学校、一些地区的“优质课”评比中，把“是否使用了多媒体”作为评比标准之一使得教师不顾是否需要多媒体来辅助也用上了电脑。“把电脑搬进课堂就是多媒体辅助教学”是对“多媒体辅助教学”的误导，不可取，这甚至让电脑操作水平还不太高的教师闹出一些笑话。一堂课的好坏是看有没有以先进的教育思想作为指导，教学效果怎样，而不是使用了何种媒体。
问题九：搞好多媒体辅助英语教学必须精通电脑
开展多媒体辅助教学的实验不懂得电脑的基本操作当然不行，但是未必需要“精通”电脑。搞好多媒体辅助教学的最重要的条件是熟悉本学科的教学规律，了解教学的需要。从事学科教学的教师如果能够懂得电脑的基本操作，选择好适合本学科的操作平台就可以把电脑辅助教学搞得“有声有色”。“Powerpoint”是一个适合中学英语教师使用的操作平台，它学起来较容易———只要熟悉Windows的基本操作，经过几天的培训或者认真学习它的《操作手册》就可以制作一些简单的课件了，一旦熟悉了它，制作一个课件只要几分钟，最多不过
一、两个小时。本人就是一个从事10年的中学英语教学的教师，原本不怎么精通电脑，但是经过短期的培训，就能在课堂上使用该软件改进英语教学，这样不仅加大了教学容量，也培养了学生的能力，提高了教学效果，促进了素质教育。电脑专业人员固然精通电脑，但未必熟悉教学规律，制作出的软件未必适合教学需要。因此本人认为：应该坚持英语教师根据教学实际情况自己制作课件。
当然，多媒体辅助教学的实验研究目前还处于发展阶段，任何事物都有一个发生、发展的过程。但是如果能较早地注意到在这个问题上所可能出现的偏向，更有利于这一实验活动的健康开展，从而更加有效地辅助英语教学工作。
第18篇：初中英语语法题
1.He _________ (listen) to the radio when I came in.
2.He said that he __________(come) back in five minutes.
3.I didn’t meet him.He__________(leave) when I got there.
4.We_____(go) to the cinema if the weather_____(be) fine.
5.I will tell her when she_____(come) to see me.
6.When____ you_____( buy) the car? In 1998.
7.We_____( be) good friends since we first met at school.
8.The bike is nice.How much_____ it _____(cost)?
9.It_____( be) five years since he went to Beijing.
10.Listen! Someone_____( play) the piano.
11.The teacher told us that the sun _____( be) bigger than the earth.
12.He said that Mary_____( be) ill.
1.Please get me a new ______when you go to town.
a.clothesb.drec.clothingd.trousers
2.I_____ $100 on this necklace.
A.spendb.costc.payd.spent
3.______of our clamates _____ Shanghainese.
A,Two fifths,isb.Two fifth ,isc.Two fifths,ared.Two fifth ,are
4.______is a good way_____.
A,Listen to music,to relaxb.Listening to music,to relaxc.Listen to music,relaxing
5.How many partners do you want？The______,the______.
a.more,betterb.most,bestc.more,bestd.most,better
1.He studys in Pinggang Middle School, _______________(我也是) 2.She is a beautiful girl, ________________(不是吗)？
3.I love cakes, ____________(你喜欢吗)？
4.You are not lying, ____________(是吗)？
5.He doesn’t speak French, ____________(我也是).
d.To listen to music,relaxing
第19篇：初中一年级英语语法
名师辅导：初中一年级英语语法
一、词法
1、名词
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glaes, drees, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glaes, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, cla班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, gla玻璃 glaes玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, clamates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词
2、代词
3、动词
A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,
hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,
practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing,
draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,
let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest,
taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾 的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,
friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst
little- le least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；
一、
二、三，自己背；
五、
八、
九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;
twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： 1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book.(be动词)
b) He looks very young.(连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books.
b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man.
b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late.
b) Don’t hurry.
3.疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student?
b) Can I help you?
c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV?
e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is.
b) Yes, you can.
c) Yes, she does.
d) Yes, they do.
e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t.
b) No, you can’t.
c) No, she doesn’t.
d) No, they don’t.
e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail addre is cindyjones@163.com.
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes?
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music?
They aren’t listening to the pop music.
第20篇：初中英语语法总结
初中英语语法总结（1）
1 (see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动
词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级+ and +比较级） 表示“越来越……”
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界
7 along with同……一道， eg :the studentsplanted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一……就……
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen= I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg: At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
初中英语语法总结（2）
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自
信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English.I feel that I can pa the test
18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing= She can sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night.I'm afraid of dog22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为了……而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to不好意思…
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于
B．情感型使动词：
情感型使动词表示客观事物使人产生情感上的变化，可以分为下列概念：（1）惊讶（surprise）；（2）高兴（delight）；（3）恼怒（irritation）；（4）烦扰（trouble）；（5）兴趣（interest）；（6）激动（excitement）；
（7）迷惑（bewilderment）；（8）坚信（ conviction）；（ 9）恐吓（fright）；（10）厌倦（tiredne）和（11）愤怒（anger）。这类动词用于被动语态时，要注意前置词的用法。分述如下：
（1）惊讶：
表示“惊讶”概念的情感型使动词，主要有surprise，astonish，astound，amaze，startle，stun，dumbfound，shock等，例如：
78）a．The taste surprised him，it was not as he'd imagined．
b．The taste made him surprised，it was not as he'd imagined．
c．He was surprised by the taste，it was not as he'd imagined．
（这味道使他大出意外，那完全不是他原先想的那样。）
79）a．The news astonished everybody．
b．The news made everybody astonished．
c．Everybody was astonished at the news．
（这个消息使大家感到惊奇。）
80）a．Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis．
b．Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis．
c．Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis．
（夏洛克·福尔摩斯精确的分析使华生医生感到惊奇。）
81）a．Their performance amazed me．
b．I was amazed at／by their performance．
（他们的演出使我惊奇。）
82）a．The explosion startled me out of my sleep．
b．I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion．
（爆炸声使我从睡梦中惊醒。）
83）a．The unfairne of their judgment stunned me．
b．I was stunned by the unfairne of their judgment．
（他们判决的不公正使我为之震惊。）
84）a．The strange news completely dumb-founded me．
b．I was completely dumbfounded at／by the strange news．
（这个奇怪的消息完全把我惊呆了。）
85）a．The news of her death greatly shocked me．
b．I was greatly shocked at the news of her death．
（她的死讯使我大为震惊。）
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for cla 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 是…的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb.eg : I am sorry for you 很遗憾做…/ 对某人感到抱歉 59 be sorry to hear that 很遗憾听到…
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打扰某人
初中英语语法总结（7）
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying rules
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students aren’t strict with themselves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干……
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher) 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure that he can pa the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pa the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和……一样
73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in cla 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做……
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
be afraid of sth 害怕某物
be afraid that 从句
初中英语语法总结（8）
76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache.
=He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以……开
始…… eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给某人某东西 eg : I
borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 call sb sth eg: We call him old Wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
初中英语语法总结（10）
101 enjoy doing sth。喜欢做某事
102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从……摔下来
105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上……
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home
107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting
109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door
112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发 (头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
