考博英语范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：考博英语

1How compelling and thought-provoking the above image is (images are)!

多么引人注目的、容易让人产生联想的画面呀！

2What is apparently betrayed in the cartoon (s) is that …,in contrast, …

这个漫画明显表现出来的是、、、、，相反的，、、、、、

3What on earth can we derive from the interesting and instructive drawing?

从这幅有趣的、有教育性意义的图画上我们究竟可以得到什么信息呢？

4It goes without saying that (there is no denying the fact that) what the painter actually aims to convey in the picture is (pictures are) profound.

毫无疑问，事实上作者在这幅画中传达的目标意义深刻。

5Primarily, we can learn that such cases are far from being rare and upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and around the world.6What’s more, there has been a growing concern nowadays over the worsening phenomenon.7It is hard to imagine what our society would be like if such pervasive trend go unchallenged.

首先，我们可以发现这样的事情很常见，在我们附近，在世界范围内很容易的就能看到类似的令人不愉快的事情。其次，现在已经对这类恶化的现象给予了越来越多的关注。很难想象如果类似的影响恶劣的趋势没有得到制止我们的社会将变成什么样子。

8Additionally, to reverse the grim situation, effective and efficient measures should be entailed by all parties concerned.9The authorities, the ma media and every one are on the list.10Enhancing people’s awarene of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations ought to be top priority of the agenda.

另外，为了扭转严峻的情况，相关政党应该采取有效的方法，职权部门、大众传媒和每一个人都包括在内。提高大家对这些措施的关注程度、制定相关规章制度应该是位于日程之首。 11Considering what’s presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such stories were ended or at least reduced.12I am strongly convinced that only when such things vanish or disappear, can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.

考虑到以上提到的事情，我们可以顺利的得出结论：是该结束或者减少这类事情的时候了。我坚信只有这类事情消失的时候，我们才能够维持一个我们希望所的快乐、健康、和谐的社会。

若是好的话题：

1.第5句去掉upsetting

2.第6句去掉worsening

3.第7句移到最后一段的最后一句，且改./;成It’s hard …if we fail to grasp such cases and can

not put them into practice.

4.把第8句换句举例：To make the point even clearer, let’s come to example regarding an

acquaintance of mine.（为了更明显的表达这个观点，我将举一个关于我一个熟人的例子）

5.第3段 …that it is high time all parties concerned took effective and efficient measures to

practice.The authorities, the ma media, as well as each individual are involved.And I’m strongly convinced that we’ll ensure such practices, thus maintaining a happy, healthy, harmonious society as we all wish.

（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

1．开头万能公式一：名人名言

原理：名人名言尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理

经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。还是靠编

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某大学，学生课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式：

1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politene and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

推荐第2篇：考博英语作文

英语作文范文2015

一、考博英语作文题目：

Do Modern People Become Lonelier? 考博英语作文范文：

Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or le due to the reform and opening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can take into their confidence.This observation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from the movie.If You Are the One，that is，“I do not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cell phone contact list of an average person，the number of cellphone numbers may reach a couple of hundreds.One cannot help wondering if modern people become lonelier than before.Personally，I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before.

由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信。我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。人们不禁会想现代人是否比以往更加孤单。我认为，现代人比以往更加孤单。

Firstly，due to the urbanizing proce at an unprecedented speed，the society becomes more mobile，for more and more people migrate from one city to another to seek fortune.Nowadays people in cities are consisted do f migrate workers from rural areas，college graduates in pursuit of their dreams， businemen acro the country and the local.Given the fact that people from different regions have different subcultures，people tend to reject people with different backgrounds.Besides ，as people are more interested in making money，they are more likely to conflict in interest.No wonder that circle of confidants has shrunk dramatically and the number of people with whom to discu important matters has spirally increased.

首先，由于城市化进程的飞速发展，社会就像是一种移动的团体，为了挣钱，越来越多的人从一座城市迁移到另一座城市。如今，城市有许多从农村来的农民工，以及那些追寻梦想的大学毕业生，来自当地和其他国家的商人。由于人们来自不同的地区，有着不一样的次文化，人们往往会由于背景的不同而相互排斥。此外，人们对挣钱的欲望越来越大，他们更有可能因为利益而发生争执。难怪人们的朋友正在急剧减少，与他人谈论重大事宜的人却越来越多。

Secondly，while people are able to benefit from the advancement of new technologies， they are likely to depend more upon technologies instead of friends.Communication technologies such as the Internet and phones let people stay in contact with other people who are from remote areas， and spend time on the phone and the Internet communications instead of dealing with people face to face.Network games have gained their popularity to such an extent that many spend most of their spare time in playing network games and hence they become apathetic to have a good time with friends face to face.That face time seems more likely to develop friendships.

第二，如今，人们能够通过先进的技术来获得利益，比起朋友来说，他们更加依靠技术。例如互联网和手机这样的通讯技术能够让人们与远在千里之外的人交流，人们不再进行面对面的交流，人们利用互联网和手机交流的时间增多了。网络游戏在一定程度上得到了迅猛的发展，人们的大量时间都花在了玩网络游戏上，人与人之间的交流变得非常冷淡。面对面的交流可以促进友谊。

As a result，the reduced face time would translate into a loose network between friends.Insum，urbanization has reduced the intimacy between human beings and makes them le likely to make friends than in the past and the advancement of modern technology also makes people more apathetic by reducing face-to-face contact with friends.I hope people can regain the in timacy between friends as before.

所以，面对面交流的减少将会导致朋友之间的疏远。总结，城市化减少了人与人之间的亲密感，比起以往，人们交朋友的可能性正在降低，由于技术的不断发展，人们对于面对面交流更加冷漠。我希望人们之间的关系能够像从前那样亲密。

二、考博英语作文题目：

Should Traditional Chinese Etiquette Be Taught in Cla? 考博英语作文范文：

Throughout most of China’s long history, the relationships between people were based on carefully prescribed forms of behavior, that is,etiquette.Learning and following etiquette is so important that people are always judged by how closely they follow these rules of behaviors.For those who do not follow those prescribed rules of conduct,they are regarded as uncivilized barbarians.

在中国的历史长河中，人际关系都是依照约定俗成的行为方式来维持的，这种行为就是礼仪。学习和遵循礼仪至关重要，人们总是用遵循行为准则来判断某人。对于那些不遵循特定行为准则的人，人们会认为他们是缺乏文化的野蛮人。

However,as China has been increasingly entangled in the global village,many Chinese people,especially the young,have lost some traditions because of the influences of Western cultures.According to a famous profeor,the majority of Chinese college students have not had systematic training on traditional Chinese etiquette.As for me, traditional etiquette should be taught in cla.

但是，中国与世界的距离越来越近，由于西方的影响，许多中国人，尤其是年轻人丧失了许多传统。著名教授说，绝大部分的中国学生没有系统地接受过中国传统礼仪的培养。对于我来说，课堂应该教授学生传统礼仪。

Firstly, if college students can receive a systematic education in traditional etiquette in cla, they can get more prepared for the future.As is known, college students usually have learnt some traditional etiquette through daily interaction with friends and relatives, but the proce is time-consuming.They have to be sensitive enough to observe other people’s behaviors and then know what proper behaviors in different social situations are.Sometimes the learning proce is by trial and error.They can only form right behaviors after breaking the rules of conduct and being corrected by the costly consequence.If they have already taken systematic etiquette course in college, they can follow proper etiquette and have a more guaranteed future.

首先，如果学生能够在学校接受传统礼仪的系统教育，那么他们就能够很好地迎接未来。众所周知，大学学生通常都是通过与朋友，亲戚的来往来了解传统礼仪的，但是这样的过程是很费时的。他们必须对别人的行为非常敏感才行，然后了解不同社会场合的不同礼仪。有时，这样的学习过程是要通过反复试验的。违反了行为准则之后，他们才能形成正确的准则，然而这样的代价是非常昂贵的。如果他们已经在大学接受了系统的礼仪课程，那么他们就能够遵循适当的礼仪，他们也将有一个美好的未来。

Secondly, as these meticulous rules of conduct have been formed throughout Chinese history, they are unique Chinese characteristics and are inseparable to Chinese culture.With the advent of globalization, western culture is so influential that many young people often look to Western customs and etiquette as being fashionable.For example, nowadays most young women in China would like to wear western-style white drees and veils at wedding while traditional Chinese weddings feature red gowns for brides and white is an absolute taboo.In the long term, if the trend to adopt western etiquette cannot be curbed, the Chinese generations in the future will lose their cultural identity.

第二，由于这些行为准则是在中国历史的长河中形成的，所以它们是中国所独有的，与中国文化息息相关。随着全球化的到来，西方文化的影响之大，以至于许多年轻人遵从了西方那些充满时尚气息的传统和礼仪。例如。现如今，许多中国的年轻人在婚礼上喜欢穿西式的白色的礼裙和纱巾，然而在中国传统的婚礼上，新娘都会穿红色礼服，白色是绝对禁止的。从长远来看，如果采用西方礼仪的趋势无可挽回，那么未来的中国人将会失去他们的文化认同。

Furthermore, the extinction of Chinese etiquette will be to the detriment of the diversity of global culture.To some extent, the course can serve to arouse college students’ cultural pride and help to preserve and further develop Chinese culture.In conclusion, taking traditional Chinese etiquette in college will not only make graduates more prepared for their future,but also can constitute an important measure for college students to form Chinese cultural identity and therefore to preserve Chinese tradition and further develop it.

此外，中国礼仪的丢失损害了全球文化的多样性。在某种程度上，这样的课程能够激发学生对文化的骄傲感，并帮助保护，并发展中国文化。结论，在大学教授学生传统礼仪不仅能够让学生了解自己的文化，同时也能够帮助大学生形成文化认同感，这样我们才能保护，并发展文化。

三、考博英语作文题目：

Are Nowadays College Graduates Not as Competent as Before? 考博英语作文范文：

As an economic rule goes, when supply outweighs demand, the price decreases.The same seems true for the current situation for college graduates.Since1999, the central government has implemented the Grand College Enrollment Plan, with the total number of college graduates on the increase in the following years.But the boomed economy does not provide enough jobs for those graduates coming out at a time.Therefore, many people reason that college graduates are not as competent as before for many of them have difficulties in finding jobs.But I disagree with this conclusion.

从经济规律上来说，当供过于求时，价格上涨。这样的理论同样适用于当今的大学生。从1999年以来，政府实行了大学扩招计划，随后的几年，大学毕业生的数量逐年上升。但是，增长的经济并没有给这些应届生带来足够的工作机会。所以，许多人认为应届生没有了以往的能力，许多应届生找不到工作。但是，我不同意这样的结论。

Firstly, admittedly, there are some college graduates who are not competent, but these students can not represent all the students.Due to the Grand College Enrollment Plan, more and more high school students have acce to the higher education.Inevitably, the standard has been lowered; otherwise, university cannot admit so many applicants.While those smart students in high schools are more likely to have excellent performance, other not-so-good students would have difficulties in college learning.As a result, those graduates with bad performance in college cannot demonstrate the value of higher learning to the society and hence they gradually form the incompetent image of college graduates.

首先，毋庸置疑，许多大学毕业生没有足够的技能，但是我们不能以偏概全。由于大学扩招政策，越来越多的高中生接受了高等教育。不可避免的是，大学的水平降低了;否则，大学不能够招收这么多的学生。那些高中的好学生更有可能发挥出色，许多中等学生会发现大学的学习很困难。所以，那些大学学习不好的应届生就不能向社会展示高等教育的价值，所以，他们也造就了大学毕业生没能力的事实。

Secondly, those who hold this negative opinion do not take the social context into consideration.As is known, in the period when China carried out planned economic policies, college graduates did not need to worry about their jobs, for “iron-bowls” waited for them after graduation.But after the reform of higher education, college graduates have to find jobs for themselves.When hundreds of thousands of graduates compete for a limited number of job vacancies, there are inevitably many who cannot procure ideal jobs.

第二，那些持消极观念的人并没有把社会的因素考虑在内。众所周知，在中国实施计划经济时期，大学毕业生不需要担心他们的工作问题，毕业以后，他们就会有所谓的“铁饭碗”。但是高等教育改革以后，应届生必须自己寻找工作。数十万毕业生竞争那有限的职位时，就会有人不能获得他们理想的工作，这是不可避免的。

Besides, employment is always influenced by global and national economy.When economy slows down, the corporate world would not recruit as many employees as before.For example, in 2009, many college graduates, from both prestigious universities and le-known universities, have difficulties in hunting jobs.In this sense, it is not college graduates that are incompetent; instead, it is the social context that is unfavorable to college graduates.

此外，就业总是受全球和国内经济的影响。当经济下滑时，世界上的企业将不能雇佣向以前一样多的员工。例如2009年，许多来自名牌大学和普通大学的应届生，都很难找到工作。从这一点看，并不是大学学生的能力问题，而是社会因素对应届生不利。因素导致结果，人们不能在没有考虑各方名因素的情况下做出结论。否则，人们就犯了还原论者的错误。在这一事件中，那些认为大学生没有以前的学生有能力这一论断就是犯了这样的错误。他们仅仅把毕业生找工作难归咎于无能力，而并没有考虑社会和经济的情况。

四、考博英语作文题目：

Is It Meaningful to Receive College Education? 考博英语作文范文：

Given the fact that many college students have difficulties in finding jobs in the recent, thousands of high school students are reported to refuse to take the National College Entrance Examination.The news seems so convincing that many students, their parents, and the society reach the conclusion that receiving college education is a waste of time and money.Undoubtedly, these students can earn some money working in big cities or running their own busine in the near future.However, I am of opinion that this view is myopic, which is to the detriment of personal development and China’s overall growth in the long term.

最近一段时间，大学生很难找到工作，据报道，有上千所高中学生拒绝参加高考。这条新闻似乎很有说服力，许多学生、家长以及社会认为，接受高等教育是一种时间和金钱的浪费。毋庸置疑，这些学生可以在一些大城市上班挣钱，或者是将来自主创业。但是，我认为这样的观点目光过于短浅，这将有损于个人的发展，以及中国整个国家的发展。

Firstly, in terms of personal development, university is not a vocational training center despite the fact that a university diploma indicates graduates are more likely to find decent jobs.Instead, university is a place for personal cultivation and improvement.In universities, students will learn to find their real interests, perfect their personality, and form right outlooks toward the world.Furthermore, students will learn to gather, analyze, and evaluate information so that they can resolve problems in their lives.For those who are suspicious of the value of higher learning to some extent, they can be regarded as plutolatry.They worship money and believe that money is everything in their lives.

首先，就个人发展而言，大学不是职业培训中心，尽管拥有大学文凭更有可能获得体面的工作。相反，大学是个人培养和发展的地方。在大学里，学生可以寻找到自己真正的兴趣，完善个人品质，树立正确的世界观。此外，学生将会学习到如何收集、分析以及评估信息，这样，学生才能够解决生活中的问题。对于那些在某种程度上怀疑高等教育的人们来说，我们可以把他们视为拜金主义。他们崇拜金钱，并相信金钱对他们意味着所有的事情。

Secondly, in terms of national growth, the advancement of a nation is characterized by its greatne of high education.In this sense, universities are the centers of research and academic exploration.Take the United States for instance.Among the top 100 universities in the world, the majority of them are located in the United States.The advancement of US high education is indicative of the fact that those universities produce the most Nobel Prize laureates in comparison with other countries.American universities also turn out to be magnet for most smart students around the world.Those universities contribute tremendous share to the US’ growth through scientific and technological support.

第二，就国家增长来说，国家的进步是表现在高等教育的发展之上的。从这一方面讲，大学是研究和学术探索的中心。就美国为例，世界前一百所大学中，绝大部分都来自美国。美国高等教育的先进指明，相比于其他国家，这些大学产生了最多的诺贝尔奖获得者。美国大学也成为了吸引全世界人才的磁场。美国的发展绝大部分都来源于大学在技术和科技方面的支持。

In China, if the belief that receiving college education is a waste of time and money cannot be corrected in time, it is inevitable that China can only reap short-term GDP growth but will be deprived of opportunity to become a competitive international players in the long run, for the human resource will be drained eventually.

在中国，如果认为接受高等教育是一种浪费时间的话，我们的金钱观也就不会得到更正，中国的国民人均生产总值将不会有着长远的发展，人们也将失去成为国际竞争者的机会。人才也将最终枯竭。

In sum, receiving college education will benefit both individual and the country.Indicative of the dire job market for college graduates is not the uselene of college education.Instead, college education means we should study harder to make a full preparation for the future.

最后，不管从个人还是国家，接受高等教育都是受益的。应届生就业市场的不景气不能够说明，接受高等教育是无用的。相反，高等教育意味着，我们更应该努力学习，为未来做好准备。

五、考博英语作文题目：

Can College Village Heads Plan Really Help? 考博英语作文范文：

Due to the Grand College Enrollment Plan, the number of university graduates has been on the increase since the central government started implementing the plan.Though the plan helps improve our national quality, it creates preure for the job markets.With so many college students coming out at a time, many graduates have difficulties in finding suitable jobs.In order to create more jobs, the government encourages college graduates to work in villages of 28 provinces and regions with a view that rural administration will be strengthened at the same time.As a result, tens of thousands college graduates have been appointed as village officials in the rural areas.It appears that this plan helps alleviate the preure caused by graduate employment, but I do not think the plan will work in the long run.

由于扩招的推行，大学毕业生的数量正在增加，这是因为中央开始实施扩招计划。尽管这提高了民众的水平，但却增加了市场的压力。随着大学生相继毕业，许多应届生很难找到工作。为了找到工作，政府鼓励大学生去28个省市和地区的乡村工作，这样，乡村的管理水平将会提升。所以，上万名大学毕业生成为了村官。这个计划似乎降低了大学毕业生找工作难的压力，但是，我不认为这样的计划会长期有效。

Firstly, after serving as village officials in the rural areas for two years, the majority of those college village officials will start to look for jobs in the job market again, aggravating the preure of the job market.Some may argue that the number of those village officials who enter the job market again is balanced by the number of new college graduates who would be appointed as village officials.The truth is that while those students have spent two years in the rural areas, they do not gain enough experience in the corporate world and are likely to forget what they have learnt in college.In this sense, they are not guaranteed to find decent jobs again.Besides, when working in the rural areas, these students with higher degrees are respected by village people, and are likely to get accustomed to feeling superior to people around them.One can imagine they would probably be frustrated when they work with those who hold the same college degrees or even higher degrees.

首先，在乡村工作两年之后，绝大部分的大学生继续回到市场找工作，这又增加了市场的压力。许多人认为这些回到市场找工作的村官，与新应届大学生的数量相当，这些新毕业生也将成为村官。事实上，那些在农村工作两年的学生，他们缺乏在公司的工作经验，他们很有可能也忘记了在大学学习的知识。从这一方面讲，他们没有能力找到体面的工作。此外，在农村工作的学生，受到了村民们的尊敬， 并有可能适应了那种具有优势感的生活。他们也会感到困惑，特别是，他们与拥有同等学历，或者是更高学历的人一起工作时。

Secondly, when the supply of college graduates and the demand of our society are unbalanced, the imbalance can be obtained by increasing available jobs or decreasing the supply of college graduates, which means the reduction of college enrollment.Given the fact that the economy slows down in the recent, it is difficult to create more jobs.While offering good terms for graduates such as well-paid salary and residential certificate guarantee, the government can create more jobs in the short term, but does not provide long-term remedy.In this sense, the plan does not solve the fundamental imbalance between the supply and the demand of college graduates.

第二，当学生与工作的供求不平衡时，这种不平衡可以通过增加就业来实现，或者是减少毕业生的数量来实现，这就意味着减少进入大学学生的数量。最近一段时间，经济发展速度缓慢，这使得找工作变得更加不易。我们也应该为毕业生提供更好的福利，例如体面的工资，或是住房保障，政府能够在短期内增加更多的就业，但是，这不能够顾解决长期的问题。从这一方面讲，这个计划不能够解决根本的不平衡问题，这种不平衡是毕业生和工作之间的不平衡。

In sum, the plan to encourage college graduates to work in the rural areas can only provide a temporary remedy for the job market.I think the government should recognize the fundamental imbalance and find the way back to elite education.总之，这种鼓励大学生当村官的计划，只能解决市场的燃眉之急。我认为，政府应该认识到这种不平衡，并继续发展高等教育。

六、考博英语作文题目：

Should College Education Be Vocation-Oriented? 考博英语作文范文：

Due to the increased enrollment of college students in recent years, the total number of graduates coming out at the same time is such that many college graduates have difficulties in procuring jobs, especially when the economy is suffering slowdown.And then many scholars suggest that colleges should lay emphasis on vocational training besetting relative courses in the college curriculum so that graduates are more likely to be employed.Taking the employers’ requirement into consideration, that is, working experience, the suggestion seems reasonable.However, I think, even if universities become vocation-oriented, it cannot serve well for the employment.Besides, the vocational orientation will do harm to the higher education.

最近几年，随着大学生人数的增多，同时，大学毕业生的人数也在增加，许多应届毕业生很难找到工作，特别是在经济发展缓慢时期尤为如此。许多学者建议大学应该注重的是职业培养，并在大学课程中建立相关课程，这样，毕业生才更有可能找到工作。我们需要把雇主的要求考虑进内，这样的话，这样的建议是很有道理的。但是，我认为如果大学变成了以职业化教育为主的学校，那么这反而不利于找工作。此外，以职业化教育为中心的教育将会损害高等教育的发展。

Firstly, the suggestion seems to be based on the fact that new college graduates may have learned mountains of theories but lack practical abilities.In accord with this suggestion, if college students have received enough vocational training and gained experience in internship, they are likely to get employed.Admittedly, self-improvement is crucial for new graduates to hunt jobs.But the suggestion does not take into account job vacancies in the present.Though China’s economy keeps growing at a rate of about 9% in the recent and the number of jobs does increase, too many graduates coming out at a time will create great preure for the job market.As an official stated, “the grand college enrollment plan is one of the main reasons for the current unemployment iue”.Therefore, even if college students have enough experience and skills, will they succeed in procuring jobs when there are no positions available at all?

首先，这样的建议似乎依据的是，许多应届生或许已经学习了大量的理论知识，但是他们缺乏的是实际的能力。根据这样的建议，如果大学生接受了职业化教育，并在实习过程中获得了许多的经验，那么，他们很有可能找到工作。毋庸置疑，对于应届生而言，自我发展对于找工作尤为重要。但是，这样的建议并没有把眼前的工作空缺考虑进内。尽管，中国最近的经济速率保持在9%左右，就业机会也大大增加，毕业生将会为市场增加更多的压力。就像官方所说，”扩招是目前失业的主要原因之一”。所以，即使学生拥有足够的经验和技能，但是，当没有工作空缺时，他们还会找到工作吗?

Secondly, vocational orientation is to the detriment of the higher learning in the long term.Let us begin with the difference in goals between university and vocational training.As college students may decide to finish his studies after graduation or may continue at a higherlevel,university courses should thus provide both basic knowledge and a sound basis for further studies.In vocational training, the goals of a given course are distinct, that is, the course is designed to teach trainees basic knowledge and skills.In consequence, if universities are vocation-oriented, students at college cannot get prepared in cla for a higher level of learning.Predictably, the pyramid of higher learning will crumble if universities cannot produce enough qualified students.

第二，从长远来看，以职业化为中心的教育会损害高等教育的发展。让我们先从大学和职业教育的不同说起。毕业之后，许多应届生会寻找工作，或是继续进行学习，大学课程应该既教授基本知识，也要为将来的学习做好基础。在职业教育中，课程学习的目标将会不同，即，课程的目的是教授学生基本的知识和技能。所以，如果大学是以职业培训为主的教育，那么，大学生就没办法为更高一级的学习做准备。人们可以预想到，高等教育的金字塔将会倒塌，前提是，如果大学没办法产生更多高质量的学生的话。

In conclusion, vocation-orientation may help improve graduates’ skills but it cannot increase the number of available positions.The suggestion just offers a wrong remedy, and will do harm to the higher learning.

总结，以职业化教育为中心的教育会帮助毕业生提升技能，但是，这却无法增加现有的工作空缺。这样的建议是行不通的，并将损害高等教育的发展。

七、考博英语作文题目：

On Following Suit 考博英语作文范文：

As people respond to incentives, they will change their behaviors if they perceive that costs or benefits change.This principle seems to find wide application in our daily lives.When college graduates learn that receiving a master degree will give them an upper hand in the job market, many decide to take part in post-graduate entrance examinations.In China, it is regarded as following suit.Though we admire those who pride themselves on sticking to their ideals and principles, odds may not be against those who followsuit.Generally speaking, there are both advantages and disadvantages of following suit.

人们在面对诱惑时，尤其是当成本和利益发生变化时，他们的行为也会有所变化。这样的事情会在我们的生活中出现。当大学生发现，获得硕士学位会让他们更容易找工作时，许多人就会决定参加硕士考试。在中国，这就叫做紧追趋势。尽管我们羡慕那些坚持己见的人，但是，那些紧追趋势的人也会交到好运。总体来说，紧追趋势有好有坏。

Firstly, following suit is indicative of the fact that followers have no indispensable beliefs or fixed principles and hence they are flexible in the viciitudes of lives.When the social context changes and opportunities arise, those followers are the first to respond and make decisions.Take the English training service for example.In early 1990s, increasing number of college graduates decided to study overseas and hence English training service was in large demand.Given that forerunners had make a fortune by providing training programs to those graduates, many businemen just followed suit and established several training schools.Undoubtedly, those who followed suit when the market did not reach saturation did make money.

首先，紧追趋势表明，人们没有自己的信仰，或是一些规定的准则，所以，他们会时长进行改变。当社会变化，机遇增加时，那些追随者将会首先进行变化，并做出决定。我们以英语培训为例、20世纪90年代初，大量毕业生出国深造，促使英语培训需求量增大。那些为学生提供培训的企业赚到了钱，许多商人紧随其后，建立了许多培训机构。在市场尚未饱和时，那些跟风的商人赚到了钱。

Secondly, it is noteworthy that following suit can avoid making mistakes.For those forerunners, there is no previous information at their hand, and therefore, it will take a longtime to learn and improve by trial and error.During the period of trial and error, forerunners will encounter unexpected difficulties and preures.As a result, when those become succeful in certain domains, they have proved that the path will lead to succe, providing both pros and cons.On the contrary, followers need not experience the proce of trial and error.They can just imitate their forerunners’ proven pattern of behaviors and have easier acce to succe.There are also some disadvantages of following suit.When there are so many followers, the world will become crowded and odds are against those later followers.

第二，跟风可以避免犯错误。对于那些先驱者，他们并不拥有所需要的信息，所以，他们需要更长的时间来学习，并在实践过程中不断进步。在实践的过程中，先驱者会遇到许多不可预期的困难和压力。所以，当他们在某一领域取得成功时，他们已经证明这条道路是成功的，他们向人们提供了优点和缺点。相反，跟随者并没有经历过实践的过程。他们只是模仿先驱者所证明过的道路，并很容易的取得了成功。但是，跟风也会有许多弊端。当追随者的人数过多时，他们失败的几率也会增加。

Furthermore, following suit prevents innovation and creation, which is to the detriment of our society.However, whether one should follow suit or not is not simply a to-be-or-not-to-be question.A basic aumption of individual person is that everyone is rational.So one should carefully calculate costs and benefits in specific circumstances before they decide to follow suit or not.

而且，跟风阻止了创新和发明，这对于社会是不利的。但是，人们是否应该跟风不仅仅是一个是或否的问题。每个人都应该是理性的。所以，人们应该根据不同的情况来计算效率和成本，之后，人们才应该决定是否应该跟风。

八、考博英语作文题目：

Should Chinese Language Course Be Adopted in College Curricula? 考博英语作文范文：

The moment I saw the topic, a post originally submitted in Peking University BBS occurred to me.The post composed of a conversation between a Chinese young man, the author, and a waiter coming from Japan.The author suffered frustration when the waiter asked him about Chinese culture.Surprisingly, the Japanese demonstrated that he got command of more Chinese culture than most Chinese young people.I do not know what your initial response is supposing that you were set in the circumstance.As a matter of fact, Chinese language course has drawn scant attention among college students, for many students lay their emphasis on English learning.I am of opinion that Chinese language course should be set in the category of compulsory courses in college curriculum.

当我看到这个题目时，我想起了北京大学电子公告栏中的消息。消息上是一组对话，包括一位中国的年轻作者，和一位来自日本的服务员。当日本服务员问他关于中国文化的问题时，他显得不知所措。让人们惊讶的是，那位日本人比中国年轻人更懂得中国文化。假如你在那样的环境中，你的反应应该是什么样子的呢。事实上，中文课程没有引起中国大学生的注意，大多数的学生更重视英语的学习。我认为，中文课程应该列入到大学课程的必修课之中。

Firstly, it is high time for college students to re-learn Chinese language.For many Chinese students, they just learn Chinese language for examinations’ sake in elementary schools and high schools.In other words, many learn Chinese language to get high scores instead of grasping the eence of Chinese culture.In fact, we cannot measure one’s understanding of culture by how many scores he get in the examinations or how many poems and eays he has memorized.What matters is whether one can figure out the gist and facilitate his life through what he gains from the learning.In college, students are not imposed as much preure as in high school in learning Chinese language.Besides, they are more mature than in childhood and have the ability to think critically.If they do not seize the chance to re-learn the Chinese language, odds are that they cannot inherit wisdoms of our ancestors and not get prepared for the future.

首先，大学生应该重新学习中文。对于中国学生来说，在初高中，他们只是为了考试而学习中文。换句话说，学生学习中文只是想获得更高的分数，而不是想了解中国的文化。事实上，我们不能够从考试的分数上衡量他对文化的了解程度，或是他记住了多少文章或是诗歌。重要的是，他们是否可以了解他们生活的本质，尤其是通过他们所学到的知识。比起在高中学习中文的压力，大学生的压力相对较轻。除此之外，他们更成熟，在思想上更具有批判性。如果他们没有抓住这次机会重新学习中文，那么，他们很有可能将不会学到我们祖先留下的遗产，他们也不会对未来做好准备。

Secondly, since western cultures are looming large in China with the advent of globalization,Chinese traditional culture seems to be endangered.

Many people, especially the youth, are interested in learning foreign language, E

English in particular, and their cultures.They prefer to watch American movies, Japanese cartoons, and listen to foreign music.While western cultural products are well received, the popularity of the Chinese counterpart is on the decrease.When foreign cultures are so prevalent in China, will our future generation figure out our Chinese cultural identity? As the basic manifestation of culture, Chinese language deserves more attention and better treatment.Chinese universities should take the responsibilities to preserve and develop our traditional culture, Chinese language in particular.

第二，随着全球化的发展，西方文化降临到了中国，中国传统文化似乎受到了威胁。特别是一些年轻人，他们对外语更感兴趣，特别是英语，以及他们的文化。他们喜欢看美国电影、日本卡通，喜欢听外国歌曲。然而，外国产品也在中国广受欢迎，中国产品的购买度正在下降。外国文化在中国大行其道，我们的后代还会了解中国文化吗?作为文化的基本表现形式，中文需要更多的关注度，需要更好的对待。中国大学应该有责任来保护、发展中国的传统文化，特别是中文。

All in all, as traditional Chinese culture and wisdom manifest themselves in Chinese language, adopting the course in the curricula will not only educate college students, but also help preserve and develop Chinese culture.

总之，中文展现了我们传统文化，也展现了我们的智慧，增加中文课不仅教育大学生，而且还保护，发展了中国文化。

九、考博英语作文题目：

College Students’ Image Reconsidered 考博英语作文范文：

Nowadays, college students comprised of the post-80 generation and the post-90 generation is always put in the storm of criticisms.To list a few of these criticisms, they are accused of being spoiled by their parents, for the majority of them are the only children of their families.Brought up in the social context of opening up and reform, they are always renounced by the older generation that they have been westernized looking to western cultures as fashionable and being cynical the Chinese counterpart.Given more and more college graduates have difficulties in finding decent jobs, they are perceived by the older generations as not competent as college students of the older generations.However, I am of opinion that the aforementioned negative image is imposed upon the post-80 and -90 generations, which is unfair.

现如今，大多数大学学生出生于80年代和90年代，他们受到了人们的广泛批评。下面是一些列举的案例，他们是一些被父母宠爱的孩子，绝大部分的学生都是独生子女。他们是在改革开放以后成长起来的孩子们，老一代的人们认为他们受到了西方文化的影响，他们认为西方文化更时尚，并排斥中国文化。现如今，许多大学生很难找到工作，年龄稍大一点的人认为他们没有以前大学生有竞争力。但是，我认为这些消极的思想全部归罪于80、90后是不公平的。

Firstly, as the majority of post-80 and -90 generation college students are at school or in the lower layers of social myriad, they are vulnerable to their superior’s judgments.As is known, those older generations were brought up in a le affluent and isolated society, they were denied a favorable social background.College students in the past had to work harder to be admitted due to the limited resources of higher learning.When they were in college, many could not gain allowance from their families so that they got into the habit of frugality.Before the adoption of opening up policy, it\'s difficult for them to get acce to foreign cultures, not to mention American movies and Japanese cartoons.

首先，绝大部分的80、90后大学生都是在校学生，或是处于社会的底层，他们总是受到老者的批评。众所周知，这些老者都是在贫苦的社会长大的，他们缺少良好的社会环境。过去的大学生必须非常努力，这是因为当时的高等教育资源极其有限。在大学期间，许多人没有家庭给予的津贴，所以，他们养成了节省的习惯。在改革开放之前，他们很难接触到外国文化，更不要提美国电影，或是日本卡通。

As a result, those older generations are likely to deem any behaviors different from their own experiences as unacceptable and due to their seniority they are able to expre their judgments on various occasions.On the contrary, the post-80 and -90 generations cannot voice their opinions in a society dominated by the older generations.Secondly, admittedly, part of the post-80 and -90 college students fit into the negative image, but they cannot represent all the college students.According to our experience, there are students who are obseed with computer games, who spend a lot of time keeping love affairs, and who spend money in an extravagant manner.In comparison with these students, the majority of thepost-80 and -90 students can fit into an ideal model of college students.Some absorb themselves in the library all day long.Some take part-time jobs in their spare time to pay for tuition fees.Some voluntarily go to the remote areas to teach poverty-stricken students.I was wondering why the media do not provide more reports of those positive aspects of thepost-80 and -90 generation college students.

所以，这些年龄稍大一些的老者很有可能不会接受不同的社会现象，由于他们有更多的经验教训，他们能够在不同场合表达自己的看法。相反，那些80、90后无法表达自己的想法，因为这个社会充斥着一些德高望重的人。第二，无可否认，部分80、90后学生确实造成了一些负面影响，但是，他们不能够代表所有的学生。根据我们的经验，他们沉迷于电脑游戏、谈恋爱、大把花钱。与这些学生相比，绝大部分的80、90后学生都是合格的大学生。许多学生在图书馆刻苦学习。许多还在业余时间做兼职赚取学费。许多还去偏远山区志愿教学。为什么媒体不能报道一些80、90后大学生积极的一面呢。

On all accounts, the negative image is imposed by those established older generations, and cannot represent all the college students.As a member of the post 80 and 90 college students, I believe that we will still be the backbone of our society in the future.

总之，这些消极形象都是老一代人所树立的，这并不能代表所有的大学生。作为80、90后的大学生，我相信，未来我们仍然是社会的主力军。

十、考博英语作文题目：

Should Public Announcement of Disciplinary Measures Be Abolished? 考博英语作文范文：

In the recent, it is reported that students commit suicides after school authorities make public announcement of disciplinary measures against those culprits violating certain school regulations.Oftentimes, those culprits’ parents would sue schools for compensations.No matter how much money they are compensated, it cannot change the fact that the dead students are not to regenerate.Some educationalists hence suggest that public announcement of disciplinary measures be abolished.They argue that students are fragile in psychology for they are the only children and usually get too much protection from families.But should they get away with punishments? I do not think so.

据报道最近有学生在校方公开发布其违规行为后选择自杀，因为该学生违反了该学校的规章制度。通常，这些学生的家长都会状告学校索要赔偿。不管校方赔偿了多少钱，但是死者不能复生。许多教育学家建议取消公开宣布这一行为。他们认为学生在心理上非常脆弱，因为他们都是独生子女，并得到了父母的所有宠爱。但是他们会逃脱得了相应的惩罚吗?我不这么认为。

Firstly, as students have already borne in their mind the consequences that if they break certain school regulations, they must take the responsibility.They should accept any due punishments.I do not believe that those students have no idea of what those regulations are or any previous regulation enforcements.Generally speaking, they are repeatedly told not to breach school norms and regulations by their head teachers and parents.Before students sit certain exams, they will be reminded again of disposing of any material relevant to examinations.They will also be informed what consequences they are to bear if they don’t conform to the regulations.Therefore, if they still intend to break norms and regulations, they must accept any forms of punishment without complaints.Otherwise, norms and regulations would have no bonding effects.

第一，学生已经知道了这种行为的后果，如果他们违反了该校的规章制度，那么他们就必须负责任。他们应该接受相应的处罚。我不相信这些学生不了解这些制度，或是不懂得之前的处罚措施。一般来说，人们总是叮嘱他们不要违反学校的制度，或是校长、家长所指定的规矩。学生参加考试之前，人们还会向他们重复不要携带任何与考试有关的材料。人们还告诉了他们这样做的后果，如果他们不遵守准则的话。所以，如果他们还是违反了规则，那么，他们就必须接受任何的处罚。否则，这些规章制度将不会有任何的作用。

Secondly, the purpose of public announcement of disciplinary measures is to help those culprits by supervision of the public.As people tend to hold their mistakes from being revealed to other people, they actually avoid acknowledging their mistakes and are unwilling to correct them.After the publication of their mistakes, culprits would be judged by their clamates, friends and teachers, and hence they can be imposed preures not to err again.Without the publication, as those culprits may regard school authorities as lenient, they can get away with light punishments.It is more likely that they would err in the same manner.

第二，公开发布违规行为的目的是为了引以为鉴。学生不想让他人知道自己所犯的错误，他们其实是在避免承认自己的错误，并不愿意给予纠正。公布他们的违规行为之后，他们会遭到同学、朋友和老师的指责，这样，他们才不会再犯这样的错误。如果我们不公开他们的错误，那么学生就会认为学校仁慈，他们也会免受这样的处罚。他们很有可能会再一次犯错误。

In a word, the public announcement of disciplinary measures means to help those culprits, instead of punishing them for the punishment’s sake.Some culprits may be not ready to accept the criticism after the public announcement is made.If this is the case, why do they not take awhile to decide whether it is worthwhile to make these mistakes? Sin’t it irresponsible that they make mistakes and want to get away with due punishments? 总之，公开违反校规处理将会帮助学生，而不是为了惩罚而惩罚。公开违反校规处理之后，许多学生还没有批评。如果是这样的话，那么这些人就应该想一想他们为什么还会犯这样的错误?他们犯错误是不是一种不负责任的行为，并还想逃避惩罚呢? 十

一、考博英语作文题目：

The Reasons for Unharmonious Teacher-student Relationship 考博英语作文范文：

As many former college students remember, when they were in college, students were fond of discuing problems with profeors in their field in cla.Profeors were oftentimes invited to participate in students’extra-curricular activities.According to those former college students, at that time students deemed profeors as close friends that they could take into their confidence.However, both college students and profeors are frustrated by the new type of teacher-student relationship.On various occasions, students absorb themselves in their own busine such as reading novels, sending short meages, sleeping and etc., while profeors are delivering their lectures.Despite the fact that many profeors would like to avail every means to persuade students to actively participate in cla discuion, students seem to be indifferent.Undoubtedly, there are different factors that account for this unharmonious relationship.As for me, credit system should take the blame.

许多大学毕业生回忆到，上大学时学生喜欢在教室与教授讨论问题。老师也通常会参与到学生的课外活动当中。根据以往的大学毕业生所说，那时，学生把老师当做是最好的朋友，他们之间可以彼此信任。但是，老师和学生都感到非常困惑，困惑他们新的师生关系。有时，学生总是忙于自己的事情，例如看小说、发短信、睡觉等，与此同时，老师在台上讲课。尽管老师总是劝阻学生参加到课堂的讨论当中，学生却无动于衷。毋庸置疑，造成这种不和谐有以下几个原因。我认为，学分系统是原因之一。

Firstly, with the adoption of credit system, students are likely to perceive that the goal ofattending cla is to earn credits.To quote a famous profeor’s comments, “Are there any students who are willing to attend lectures in line with their own interests? I think to earn credits ranks top in their priorities to attend lectures.” Motivated by this mindset, students are likely to lose interest in the courses they choose.What matters is not what they will learn from profeors; instead, they only show interest in how they can pa final exams with minimum efforts.Consequently, so long as they can perform succefully in final exams and earn required credits, whether they concentrate on cla or not is not a big deal.

首先，随着学分系统的施行，学生很有可能认为上课的目的就是争取学分。我想引用一位老师的话，“有学生是真出于兴趣爱好来听课的吗?我认为学生已经把争取学分当成了上课的首要目的”。通过这样的思想，学生更有可能失去了上课的兴趣。重要的不是我们从老师那里学到什么，反之，他们仅仅关心如何付出最小的努力来通过考试。所以，只要他们在期末考试中表现好，他们就能获得学分，他们是否认真听讲并不重要。

Secondly, the adoption of credit system also results in some changes in profeors’ mindset.Given that students perceive attending lectures to earn credits, profeors would realize that no matter how hard they try to persuade students to participate in cla, they are only rewarded by students’ indifference.When these profeors cannot find fulfillment in the interaction with students in cla, they are so frustrated that many of them will pay more attention to their research so as to be promoted to a higher rank.In consequence, profeors will allocate le time to prepare for the coming lectures.Gradually, profeors would find no paion, no fulfillment, and no incentive in cla, which is to the detriment of teacher-student relationship in any sense.

第二，学分制度的实施改变了老师的思想。由于学生上课的目的是获取学分，老师会意识到不管他们怎么劝阻学生听课，学生只会默不作声。老师在与学生的互动上找不到满足感，老师们感到非常困惑，他们就会把更多的注意力放在研究上，这样他们才会获得更高的职位。所以，老师就会把更少的注意力放在上课上。逐渐，老师会失去上课的兴趣、满足感、激励感，这对于师生关系是有害的。

On all accounts, when college students and profeors are bonded by several credits, the once sacred relationship is reduced to a trade relationship: students pay to earn credits and profeors provide services by giving lectures.How can we expect an intimate relationship in this circumstance?

总结，师生之间的关系被学分所捆住，曾经良好的师生关系已经演变成买卖关系;学生花钱买学分，老师讲课卖学分。我们又将期待何种亲密的师生关系呢? 十

二、考博英语作文题目：

Should the Four Books Be Set in the University Curricula? 考博英语作文范文：

Under the influence of Western cultures, traditional claic books were expelled from school curricula in the New Culture Movement in the early 20th century.Since then, students in primary schools and high schools have been liberated from the claimed trash of feudalism.During the Cultural Revolution, traditional claic books were everely renounced again.As a result, students are taught to aociate traditional claic books with backwardne of feudalism.

由于西方文化的影响，大学课程禁止学习传统典籍，这一时间段出现在20世纪早期的新文化运动上。自从这以后，中小学生摆脱了封建主义的束缚。在文化大革命期间，传统典籍又一次遭到了抨击。导致老师教授学生的是传统典籍与封建制度的结合。

With this background knowledge, we can easily understand why the adoption of the Four Books in some universities results in ongoing public controversy in an opener society in comparison with the past.Ironically, advocating the Four Books being taught in college or not, almost everyone is familiar with certain frequently cited sentences from traditional claic books.As for me, Adopting the Four Books in university curricula is feasible.

由于这样的文化背景，我们很容易理解为什么在大学引用四书会导致关于过去与现在更为激烈的公共热点。四书是否应该在大学教授，似乎每个人都熟悉典籍中那些耳熟能详的句子。对于我来说，在大学引用四书是非常可行的。

Firstly, it is unfair to aociate the Four Books with the backwardne of feudal society and hence refuse to read them.Admittedly, those claic books were written in ancient times and inevitably could not transcend over temporal limitations.Some ideas conveyed in the Four Books even contradict contemporary thoughts.However, those claic books are records of ancient minds, without which we cannot achieve today’s civilization.Some may argue that as ancient minds are outdated, it is usele to know that again.The truth is that ancient minds are also part of the ongoing proce of our cultural development.If we are able to acquire a basic knowledge of traditional culture, we are likely to have a better chance to understand contemporary culture.

首先，把四书与落后的封建社会联系起来是不公平的，这导致我们不愿阅读四书。无可否认，这些典籍是古代人写下的，这让我们无法超越这些限制。许多四书中的思想甚至有悖于今天的思想。但是，这些典籍记录了古代人的思想，没有这些典籍，我们无法取得今天的文化成就。许多人会说古代人的思想是过时的，现在学习没什么用。事实上，古代人的思想也是我们文化发展的一部分。如果我们能够获得传统文化的基本理论知识，那么我们很有机会来了解当今文化。

Secondly, as college students should have the ability of critical thinking, they can figure out what is applicable and what is trash from the Four Books.Generally speaking, some educationalists worry college students will absorb outdated values and thoughts from those traditional claic books so they deny setting the Four Books in college curricula.While we admit that those books were written in ancient times and hence they are representative ideas of the ruling cla (for ordinary people were denied opportunities to learn reading and writing),it is impoible to apply those ideas in our current society.

第二，大学生应该具备批判性的思想，他们应该知道四书当中什么可以运用，什么不可以运用。一般来说，许多教育学家会担心大学生会学习到一些过时的价值观，以及典籍中的一些过时思想，所以，他们不想把四书植入到大学的课程中来。不可否认的是，这些书籍是写于古代，所以，他们代表了统治阶级的思想(普通人是没有机会来读写的)。那么，要运用这些思想到当今的社会中是不现实的。

More important, college students are supposed to have the critical thinking ability and can tell the right from the wrong.Once they realize why some ideas are feudalist trash by reading and critical thinking, it is more likely to eliminate the remaining feudalist trash in the mind than by teachers’ exhortations.

更重要的是，大学生应该拥有批判思考的能力，并能够区分对错。当他们通过阅读和批判思考时，他们就会发现有些是带有封建主义思想的，我们清楚我们思想当中的封建意识，而不是通过老师的讲述而传达的。

In sum, as college students, they are able to think critically so that they can tell the eence of traditional Chinese culture from the feudalist trashes.Besides, adopting the Four Books course helps preserve traditional culture.Therefore, adopting the Four Books in college curricula is both practical and beneficial.

总之，作为大学生，他们能够运用批判思维来思考，这样，他们就能够从封建思想中了解中国传统文化的精髓。而且，学习四书帮助我们保护传统文化。所以，大学期间学习四书既非常实用，又非常有益。

十三、考博英语作文题目：

Is the Donors’ List Acceptable? 考博英语作文范文：

Living in a world of change, we cannot predict what will happen in the future.We probably will be reduced to helplene by unexpected accidents and natural disasters.It will be greatly appreciated that many unknown people will offer helping hands.As usual, donors’ names and donations are made public in bulletin board or in other forms by donation proposal initiators.It is believed that the juxtaposition of donors’names and their donation will make compliments to donors and encourage more people to offer a helping hand.For me, I think it is enough to tell the public what donation has been collected by initiators but donors’names and their donation should not be made public.

生活在是新月异的世界中，我们无法预知未来。我们有时会感到很无助，这可能会是因为一些不期而遇的事件，或是自然灾害。但是，让我们感到高兴的是，许多没有留下姓名的人向我们伸出了援助之手。通常，捐献者的名字都会公开展示，或者是通过捐献发起人以其他形式进行公布。人们相信公布捐献者的名字是对捐献者的一种回报，这将鼓励人们帮助其他人。对于我来说，除了名字以外，重要的是，人们知道发起人已经进行了捐赠。他们的捐献行为不应该公布于众。

Firstly, while people consider offering a helping hand, they do not intentionally expect being rewarded.When the donors’ list is made public, the public will not only be impreed by the benevolence of the donors, they will also believe that those donors are expecting compliments from both the public and donation receivers.In the case that there are donors who donate much more money than average, it is likely that the public will accuse those generous donors of showing off, instead of complimenting their benevolence and generosity.While people do not expect reward for their benevolence, they do not expect accusation, either.Besides, benevolence cannot be measured by the amount of donations.The publication of donors’ list may direct people to think otherwise.Those who donate more money would be regarded more benevolent than those who donate le.Anyway, it is unfair to accuse those who donate due amount in accord with their purse.

首先，当人们想要伸出援助之手时，他们没有刻意希望得到别人的回报。如果捐献者的名单公布于众，公众不仅仅会感动捐献者的仁慈，他们还会相信这些捐献者希望得到公众和受捐者的感谢。这样一来，许多捐献者会捐出比以往更多的金钱，公众很有可能会认为他们在作秀，而不会感谢他们的仁慈和慷慨。如果人们不期望回报的话，他们也不会受到指责。其次，仁慈之心也不能够用捐献的多少来衡量。捐献者名单的公布很有可能会让人们另有所想。人们会认为那些捐献金额大的人更有慈爱之心。无论如何，以金额多少来横衡量是不公平的。

Secondly, the publication of donors’ list may pose potential dangers to donors.Generally speaking, people will donate what is reasonable in line with their financial situations.Those who rank high in big companies or run their own busine usually are expected to donate more money.However, for many Chinese people, making a name is not a good thing.That is why busine people always keep silent when asked how much money they have earned.One reason for their being afraid of making a name is that malicious people will become jealous.Income extreme cases, criminals may calculate the amount of affordable ransom based on the donation if they kidnap these wealthy donors.

第二，公布捐献者的名单会对捐献者将构成危险。通体来讲，捐献者会根据他们的经济状况进行捐赠。那些职位高。或者是自主创业的人通常会捐赠更多的金额。但是，对于大多数中国人来说，出名不是一件让人高兴的事。这就是为什么许多商人总是在挣钱多少上给与沉默。其中的一个原因就是，他们害怕居心不轨的人会产生嫉妒之心。还有一些极端情况，犯人会考虑索要赎金的数量，他们根据的就是捐献者捐献的多少。

Finally, what concerns donors most is whether their donations can be timely forwarded to those in need.Given aforementioned negative impact of donors’ list, it is not neceary to make a donors’ list.

最后，对于捐献者最重要的是，他们的捐献是否可以适时地帮助那些需要帮助的人。根据上述所属的一些危害，我认为，公布捐献者名单是没必要的。

十四、考博英语作文题目：

Should Senior Profeors Emphasize More on Research? 考博英语作文范文：

Many college students realize that it is a privilege to attend senior profeors’ lectures.Oftentimes, those senior profeors are unique in their teaching styles, have an encyclopedic knowledge in their domains, and have acquired an efficient way to communicate with their students.However, those senior profeors appear to be always obseed with academic research, social activities and other engagements.

许多大学生意识到参加教授的课程至关重要。通常，这些资深教授在教学上有自己的独到之处，他们学识渊博，并能够很好的与学生进行交谈。但是，这些教授把大量时间都放在了科研，社会活动，以及其他活动上。

In some universities, authorities have to decree that senior profeors should at least give required lectures during a semester.Some people hold that senior profeors should lay more emphasis on research, for their achievement will promote the advancement of science and technology.But I do not agree.

在许多大学里，校方要求教授一个学期至少上够所要求的课程。许多人认为，教授应该把更多的精力放在研究上，因为他们的成果将会推动科学和技术的发展。但是我不赞同。

Firstly, while senior profeors concentrate on research, they are likely to spend le time preparing for a coming lecture.Though senior profeors are likely to make more advancement of their research if they can absorb themselves in their study, they are required to take the responsibility of cultivating talents for our society, which is more important.I still remember late profeor Yang Chongjin’s life pursuit.He said that he would be satisfied if he could cultivate a couple of backbones for China.Some may not clearly list how many books Profeor Yang wrote during his lifetime, but almost all Chinese people remember that he succeeded in cultivating a group of people represented by Mao Zedong.In this sense, cultivating students of tremendous promise is more important than carrying out academic research to make a name.

首先，如果教授把大量的时间放在研究上，那么，他们准备上课的时间就会减少。尽管教授会在研究领域有所建树，前提是，他们会更加重视研究，但是，他们更有责任来培养有助于社会的人才，这更加重要。我仍然记得杨昌济教授一生的追求。他说如果他能够为中国培养出股肱之才，那么他就会感到非常满足。人们可能记不清杨教授一生写过多少书籍，但是几乎所有中国人都记得他培养过多少人才。从这一点来说，培养学生比著书研究、功成名就更为重要。

Secondly, while senior profeors give fewer lectures to students, young faculties would be denied the opportunity to learn pedagogy from these senior profeors.In the past, young teachers would start their teaching career as aistants to senior profeors.They were required to participate in lectures and tutor students so that young teachers would be able to acquire requisite skills, attitudes and other eentials of giving lectures.When occasions arise, senior profeors would ask their aistant teachers to give demo claes so that seniors could evaluate how much progre their aistants had made.However, young faculties find it difficult to consult with their seniors, for seniors are always otherwise engaged, either in academic research or in the social activities.As a result, when young faculties have to improve their pedagogy by trial and error, college students constitute guinea pigs.

第二，许多教授很少教学生，许多年轻教师也很少有机会能够从教授那里学习教学方法。在过去，年轻教师会从助教开始干起，之后成为资深教授。人们允许他们参加课程，并辅导学生，这样，年轻老师才能获得所必须的技能以及其他一些教授课程所必须的知识。有时教授还会让助教来试讲，这样，教授就能够对助教的水平有一个了解。但是，年轻教师发现他们很难有机会与教授进行沟通，教授总是忙于各种活动之中，或是学术研究，或是社会活动。所以，当年轻教师想要提高自己的教学水平时，学生就成了试验品。

In sum, it is senior profeors’ responsibility to cultivate talents for the society and help improve young teachers’ pedagogy.Though they can make a name in research, theirpreference to research would be to the detriment of the cultivation of promising students inthe long run.

总结，教授有责任为社会培养人才，并帮助年轻老师提高教学水平。尽管他们能够功成名就，他们对研究的大量投入将会对学生的长远发展不利。

十五、考博英语作文题目：

Should Public Announcement of Disciplinary Measures Be Abolished? 考博英语作文范文：

Private cars, often regarded as luxury goods, are reported to have been bought by many college students orb their parents as birthday gifts in the recent.This phenomenon can also find its expreion in the driver’s license rush for many college students.During summer or winter vacation, sometimes even on weekends, many college students would attend driving courses.Though learning to drive can give college graduates a cutting edge in job market, I do not think it is neceary for college students to own private cars in this particular episode of lives.

私家车，人们通常把它叫做奢侈品，据报道，许多大学生购买私家车，或是家长送给学生的生日礼物。如今，大学生扎堆考驾照，这也能够说明这种现象。在寒暑假，甚至是在周末，大学生就会去参加驾校课程。大学生学车，这对于他们找工作是很有好处的，但是，我认为大学生没有必要购买私家车，特别是在这样的年龄段。

Firstly, according to some news coverage, the majority of private cars owned by college students are purchased by their parents instead of by themselves.Of course, there are some wealthy families that can easily afford private cars, but it does nothing to change the fact that college students rely on their parents for tuition fees and living expenditure.In terms of personal growth, owning private cars bought by parents do not help college students cherish the value of self-reliance.Some educationalists worry that in the long run those students tend to become lazy, which is harmful to college students’improvement.

第一，根据新闻报道，大学生购买的私家车都是父母给学生购买的，而不是自己购买的。当然，有一些富裕的家庭能够买得起私家车，但是这却改变不了大学生的学习都是父母提供的学费和生活费。就个人发展来说，家长为学生购买的私家车不会帮助学生意识到自力更生的价值。许多教育学家担心从长远来讲学生会变得更为懒惰，这对于学生的发展不利。

Secondly, private cars are not basic neceities without which college students cannot carry through their pursuit of higher degrees.Both profeors and college students can figure out the underlying reason for some students owning private cars is to show off.As I have mentioned above, the majority of college students still depend on their parents for tuition fees and living expenditure, but owning private cars contribute nothing to showing off their own personal highlight.In actuality, we do admire that those private car owners have wealthy parents, but at the bottom of our heart we severely detest those clamates.We can easily find out that showing off indicates the very insecurity and lack of confidence in studies and personal cultivation.Furthermore, as some college students are still yet to be mature, they can easily become jealous.For those immature students, they are more likely to form the belief that the society is unfair.

第二，私家车并不是必需品，拥有这些，学生就不能够追寻更好的学习。老师和学生了解到学生拥有私家车的原因就是为了炫耀。就像我上述所说，绝大部分的大学生还要依靠父母来支付学费和生活费，但是拥有私家车并不能够让他们炫耀资本。无可否认的是，这些拥有私家车的学生家庭富裕，但是凭心而论，我非常看不起他们。我们很容易看到炫耀其实是缺乏安全感、自信、个人成就的一种表现。而且，学生还没有表现得非常成熟，他们会很容易嫉妒别人。对于这些不成熟的学生，他们很有可能认为社会是不公平的。

In conclusion, as college students cannot provide for themselves, how can they dare to ask their parents to buy cars for them? Owning private cars only indicates inner insecurity and lack of confidence for those students, and arouses jealousy among peers.Therefore, I think it is unwise to own private cars for college students.

总结，因为学生无法自食其力，他们又为什么能向父母索要汽车呢?学生驾驶私家车只能证明他们缺乏安全感，缺乏自信，这会使得学生之间产生嫉妒心。所以，我认为学生购买私家车是不明智的。

十六、考博英语作文题目：

Is Publication of Student Default on Student Loans Acceptable? 考博英语作文范文： Different from usual loans given to businees, the student loan is strategically designed to help impoverished college students finish their studies and hence promote the sustainable and harmonious development of educational quality undertaking.While we expect that college debtors would keep their promises to repay their loans, it is reported that many graduates have been put in the black list publicizing detailed information of students defaulting on student loans.Undoubtedly, those debtors would suffer from immediate humiliation and other potential credit risks.In the point of view of both banks and college debtors, the publication of students defaulting on student loans is justified and hence acceptable in the following aspects:

与商业贷款不同，学生贷款的目的是帮助贫困学生完成学业，从而发展持续、和谐的教育事业。我们认为大学贷款者会遵守诺言定期还款，但是，据报道有许多学生已经列入了黑名单之中，这个名单公布了学生拖欠欠款的信息。毋庸置疑，这些学生会感觉到很丢人，自己的信誉度也受到威胁。就银行和大学生贷款来说，公开学生欠款信息是正确的，并是可以接受的：

Firstly, articles concerning the publication of students defaulting on student loans have already been adopted in the 2004 version of Suggestions to Perfect Student Loans Program by the authorities.It is stipulated in the third part that students defaulting on student loans will be publicized in news media and China Higher-education Student Information Website.When those students apply for student loans, banks and cooperative universities inevitably have informed any detail relevant to the application, the repayments and consequences of failure to repay loans.Without mutual agreement between banks and debtors, banks would not take the risk of providing loans to college students.As a result, once students have signed their names in their agreement with banks to repay loans in time, banks are entitled to take any measure stipulated in their agreements in case of students’ failure to repay their loans.Is it reasonable to accuse banks of intruding those students’ privacy but not renouncing the students’ violation of loan agreements?

首先，就公开学生拖欠欠款的文章官方已经收录到了2004版关于学生贷款计划意见书之中。建议书的第三部分表明学生拖欠欠款将会公布，并将在中国高等教育学生信息网站中公布。当学生申请贷款时，银行和学校就已经呈现出所有与申请有关的信息，数额、以及逾期不还的后果。如果没有银行和欠款人的协议，银行将不会向学生提供贷款。所以，一旦学生申请了贷款，学生就要如期还款，那么，银行就有权采取协议中的有关规定，前提是如果学生未能还款的话。把银行泄露学生隐私归罪于银行，而不追究学生逾期不还款的责任，这是否合理呢?

Secondly, the publicization would lead us to think over the poible consequence of bad credit records.The publicizing students’ default on student loans indicates that their violations might be recorded in the individual credit information database established the People’s Bank of China.Once their bad credits have been input to the database, it is likely that those students would have difficulties in applying for loans and credit cards in their remaining lives.For example, when those students decide to apply for mortgage loans to purchase real estate, their application would be declined by banks due to their bad records in the individual credit information database.Given those potential consequences of bad credit records, I think more and more people will not dare to try it out.In a sense, the publicization would contribute to building an honest society.

第二，信息的公布会让我们想到学生的信誉度问题。公开学生欠款信息表明他们的行为将会记录到信誉信息中，这样的信誉数据是由中国银行建立的。他们的信息一旦记录在案，那么，这些学生在申请贷款或是信用卡时就非常困难。例如，当这些学生想申请贷款买房时他们的申请很有可能将会被银行驳回，这很有可能就是因为他们在个人信誉中的记录所导致的。就上述后果而言，我认为人们再也不敢尝试逾期不还这样的行为了。从某种意义上来说，公开信息将会让我们的社会变得更加诚实。

In sum, as college student debtors and banks have signed agreements concerning repayment of the loans, banks are entitled to publicize graduates’ default as is stipulated in the agreements.The publicization also helps build an honest society.Therefore, the publicization is not only justifiable but also acceptable.

总结，大学生已经和银行签订了协议，即还贷款一事，银行有权利公开学生的信息，因为这是协议中所规定的。公开信息会让我们的社会变得更加诚实。所以，公开信息不仅正确，更是可以接受的。

十七、考博英语作文题目：

Do More Certificates Stand for Better? 考博英语作文范文：

This is the very hot season for the college graduates to hunt jobs in the market.You may see a lot of graduates holding a variety of certificates indicating their versatile skills.Every college student knows that ability is important.They would like to attend various training programs and apply for different certificates so that they are more competent.

现在是大学生找工作的旺季。你或许看见过有大学生拥有许多的证书，这些证书证明了他们在各个方面的能力。每一名大学生都知道能力很重要。他们会去参加各种培训课程，申请各种各样的证书，这样他们就能提升自己的能力。

However, can attending training programs and getting more certificates improve competence? As far as I am concerned, the certificates do not really mean competence.First of all, the certificates are simply several pieces of papers proving that you have attended some training programs.Whether you are competent or not really depends upon your cleverne and experience.For example, many English majors have paed the TEM-8, an English test specific for the language students.Does that mean your English is perfect once getting such a certificate? Not exactly.The fact is you may find, more often than not, that many students speak broken English and write poor English.The reason is that they may aume that acertificate can prove their English is very good.So they stop their daily exercises and training and rest on the satisfaction of getting their certificates.

但是，参加培训课程，获得更多的证书就能提升我们的能力吗?我认为证书不意味着能力。首先，这些证书只证明你参加过各种的考试培训。不论你是否有能力，人们都需要靠自己的聪明度和更多的经验来找工作。例如，许多英语专业的学生通过了专八，这是一个专门为学习语言的学生准备的考试。拥有证书真就证明你的英语很好吗?事实上却不是。通常你会发现，事实是许多学生的口语很差，写作很差。原因是，他们自认为通过考试就能够证明自己的英语水平很高。所以，他们停止了每天的训练，并满足于获得证书。

Secondly, the ability must be obtained through hard work and long practice.The students should attach more importance to obtaining the ability rather than getting the certificates.The social practices help them make the book knowledge become their own.The certificates should stimulate them to study hard and become more excellent and competent.As for the recruiting companies, they prefer the students who can put their book knowledge into daily use, which is far more practical than the certificates.Finally, the students should try to make themselves more marketable.They need to give up the unrealistic aumption and realize the true fact.

第二，能力的提高是通过艰苦的努力和训练得来的。学生应该重视的是能力的培养，而不是获得证书。社会经验让他们的知识真正成为自己的知识。证书能够激励他们更好的学习，并让他们变得更有能力。对用人单位来说，他们喜欢的是那些能够实际应用知识的学生，这些比证书更为有用。最后，学生应该让自己变得更加出色。并能够放弃那些不现实的想法，实事求是。

To sum up, the certificates do not really mean competence.What we need to do is integrate the certificates with the development of our competence.The two should go hand in hand to make us capable persons.

总结，证书不等于能力。我们所需要的是那些既有证书又有能力的员工。这两个因素的结合才是最好的。

十八、考博英语作文题目：

Should Network Games Be anned in College? 考博英语作文范文：

It is a prevailing practice that university students play network games in their spare time forrelaxation.Some teachers and parents hold the negative opinion that many students are so obseed with network games that they play truant, others even commit a crime for one reason or another.Others don’t agree.As far as I am concerned, the critical point is whether the students can keep a balance between study endgames.

现在许多大学生玩网络游戏，尤其是在他们的课余休闲时间。许多学生和老师都消极地认为许多学生沉迷于网络游戏，这使他们经常逃课，有人甚至走上了犯罪的道路。但是有一些人却持否定态度。我认为最主要的是学生是否能够掌握学习和玩游戏之间的平衡。

Some thought that playing network games will cost a lot of time and energy, which should otherwise be devoted to their academic study.After all, time is limited for a college student and it’s the most fundamental duty for him to study and lay a solid foundation in knowledge.And the content of the network games are sometimes violent and bloody, which is not suitable for students.It is also reported that some students are so addictive to the network games that they even don’t go to cla and sit in front of the computers all day long.Their worries and considerations are justified, but we should not give up eating for choking.

许多人认为玩网络游戏会耽误更多的时间和精力，这些时间和精力都应该投入到学习中来。毕竟，大学生的时间是有限的，他们的责任就是好好学习，这是积累知识的关键。网络游戏的内容通常是暴力的，这些都不适合学生。据报道，有许多学生沉迷于网络游戏，以至于他们会选择逃课，在电脑前坐一整天。他们的担心和顾虑是正常的，但是我们不能因噎废食。

First, life in college is not easy.Students have to work hard to learn and at the same time they have much preure from their parents or others.Playing network games will help them to relax and be immersed in a virtual world.The rest of heart is important in the modern society.

首先，大学生活不容易。学生不得不努力学习，同样，他们还需要承担来自父母和其他人的压力。玩网络游戏能让他们放松，并融入到虚拟世界中去。在现代社会中，轻松自如是最重要的。

Second, students will learn more about teamwork in the network games.People in a team cooperate and help each other to win the game.The experience is vivid and works better than any lecture.

第二，学生也能够在网络游戏中学习知识。人们互相合作，互相帮助，最终赢得比赛。这样的体验是生动的，这比上课更能够发挥作用。

Third, students meet different people on the Internet, and learn to get along with them indifferent ways.It may endow the very student with the ability to establish a better personalrelationship with other people, which means a lot when they enter the society.To sum up, for university students, the priority should be given to academic study.A poor performance in achievement tests won’t make us competitive in the future.But all work no play makes Jack a dull boy.Appropriate rest and relaxation in the network games’ world will refresh a person and help him to learn something.

第三，学生能够在网络上遇到不同职业的人群，并能够通过各种方法来与他们交朋友。这会让学生拥有与其他人建立联系的能力，当他们进入社会时，他们将受用终生。总结，对于大学生来说，大学生的首要任务是学习。学习成绩差的学生将不能适应现在这个竞争激烈的世界。但是，只学不玩，聪明的孩子也会变笨。适当玩网络游戏能够让他们放松，而且，他们也能从中学到许多的东西。

The college students are all adults, they know clearly what they should do and what they shouldn’t, and have the ability to control their behaviors.So they must strike a balance between study and network games, and give due weight to the studies.

大学生也是成年人，他们清楚地知道他们什么能做，什么不能做，并能够控制自己的行为。所以，他们不需掌握学习和网络游戏之间的平衡，他们的重点还应放在学习上。

十九、考博英语作文题目：

Should Universities Charge High Tuition Fees? 考博英语作文范文：

Nowadays, most universities require students to pay for their education, and the tuition fees have been staying very high.Some people take the development of the universities into consideration and support the high fees; while others think the high cost of university education is a heavy burden for many families.As far as I am concerned, universities are not institutions for profits, they are places for excellent students to learn and further study equally, so they should not charge high tuition fees that some families cannot afford.

当今，绝大部分的学生都要求学生支付学费，大学学费也非常高。许多人都把大学的发展考虑在内，并支持收取高额学费这一做法;但是，也有人认为高额的学费对于许多家庭来说是一个沉重的负担。我认为，大学不是盈利场所，所以，学校不应该收取高额的学费，许多家庭无法承担这样高额的费用。

In the first place, the high tuition fees make the families save money for the children instead of consuming.A university student will need 12,000 yuan each year on average, which is almost the income of a couple who are wage earners.In other words, a family with an average income will spend their long-term hard-earned savings, or they will be indebted.What’s worse, most families’incomes in our country are below the average level.The high fees make the people save money for the children’s education even before they are born.

首先，高额学费使得家庭会为学生攒钱，而不是进行开销。大学生每年的学费大约是一万两千元，这几乎是父母的收入。换句话说，拥有平均收入的家庭将要在学费上花费更多的金钱，否则，他们将会负债。更严重的是，许多家庭的收入低于平均水平，有些父母甚至在孩子出生之前就开始攒钱。

In the second place, the high tuition fees will deprive the children from poor families of their right of education.Entering universities on their abilities is the only hope for the poor students to change their destiny.But the increasingly higher tuition fees make it impoible.The statistic shows that there were 60%～70% students coming from the country areas when the charging system was not introduced.But now the percentage is only 30% or so.The universities will become the paradise of children from rich families, and the poor students will be forced to leave.

第二，高额的学费将会剥夺那些贫困生的教育权。依靠水平进入大学是贫困生唯一改变命运的希望。但是，高额的学费却使这些化为泡影。据数据统计，大约有60-70%的学生来自乡村，当时大学还没有推行这一收费系统。但是，现在乡村学生的比例大约只有30%。大学将成为富人的天堂，贫困生将被迫离开。

Finally, it will be much more difficult for the graduates to find jobs.Driven by the profits of high tuition fees, universities recruit more and more students year by year.The outcome of expansion leads to the low standard of enrollment and low quality of education.The supply exceeds demand; there are not so many jobs for the graduates, so most of them cannot find jobs when getting out of school.

最后，学生找工作将变得越来越困难。由于学费所带来的利益，每年大学会招收更多的学生。扩招的后果是学生水平的下降，以及教育质量不高。供过于求，对于毕业生来说，市场上没有那么多的就业岗位，所以毕业之后，他们很难找到工作。

All in all, high tuition fees in the universities will influence the development of the society and harm the interests of students.The universities should charge reasonable tuition fees, provide equal opportunities for students and take the responsibility of molding the future of our nation.总之，高额的学费将影响社会的发展，并损害学生的利益。大学学费应该适度，并给予学生平等的机会，肩负起为国家培养人才的责任。

二

十、考博英语作文题目：

The Disadvantages of Big Cla Learning 考博英语作文范文：

One of my friends complains to me about his relation with his profeors saying that there is a far distance between the students and the faculties.As a matter of fact, this is not surprising.Due to the expanded enrollment of college students, many universities cannot find enough faculties.It has been so common that hundreds of students crowd in a cla listening to a profeor.They seldom have enough time to communicate in private.

我的一位朋友抱怨他与他们老师的关系，说学生与老师之间的关系非常疏远。事实上这不稀奇。由于大学扩招，许多大学的师资力量严重短缺。上百名学生一同上课是非常常见的现象。学生与老师之间很少有时间能够私下交流。

As far as I am concerned, the big cla learning has many disadvantages.First of all, the big cla learning is by no means conducive to the development of the critical thinking of the students.The college education is still the elite education.Therefore, the quality of the graduates is very important.They need to be competent to get a decent job in the job market.The making and development of such qualities are done, most of the time, in claroom.

我认为大班授课有许多弊端。第一，大班授课对学生的批判性思维没有好处。大学教育仍然是精英教育。所以，大学生的质量是非常重要的。他们需要找到适合的工作。我们已经在这一领域做出了发展，这些大多数都是在课堂上完成的。

Meanwhile, the profeors are playing a crucial role in moulding the soul of the students.The big cla learning cannot manage such kind of tasks.Once the students study in a very big cla, they may become very lazy or even play truant.As for the profeors, they may not have so much time to talk with the students since they are so many.This may lead to the second disadvantage of the big cla learning: the gap and distance between the two parties.Originally, the college campus is the place where the profeors and the students enjoy the fun of doing research and pursuing the truth.They may work as one to contribute to the flowering of the scholarship.

与此同时，老师在培养学生方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，大班授课无法完成这样的任务。一旦学生在大班上课，他们会变得非常懒惰，或是开始逃课。作为老师，他们没有更多的时间与学生进行交流，这是因为学生的数量过多。这就会导致大班上课的第二个弊端。就是学生与老师之间的距离和隔阂。起初，大学校园是学生和老师在一起进行学术研究，寻求真理的地方。他们共同努力，创造学术上的辉煌。

However, the fact is the students often feel that they are disconnected with their distinguished profeors.The students cannot find their instructors during the time of need.The last disadvantage of the big cla learning is that the whole education may get

推荐第3篇：重庆大学考博英语

2011年GMAT考试阅读材料5(附答案) How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions.In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship.Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblene.Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship.Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families.Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship.The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty.Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support.Since the number experiencing joblene at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idlene can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the joble in any month really suffer.For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necearily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblene can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus.There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following is the principal topic of the paage? (A) What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering (B) Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty (C) Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment

(D) Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures

(E) How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities 2.The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?

(A) The overall causes of poverty

(B) Deficiencies in the training of the work force

(C) Trade relationships among producers of goods

(D) Shortages of jobs providing adequate income

(E) Strikes and inadequate supplies of labor

3.The author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that

(A) more people were unemployed in the 1930’s

(B) unemployment now has le severe effects

(C) social programs are more needed now

(D) there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty

(E) poverty has increased since the 1930’s

4.Which of the following proposals best responds to the iues raised by the author?

(A) Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.

(B) A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblene as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.

(C) New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.

(D) Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.

(E) The labor force should be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.

5.The author’s purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that

(A) there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force

(B) unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblene

(C) recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workers

(D) a majority of those who are joble at any one time to not suffer severe hardship

(E) there are fewer individuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would be expected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures

6.The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by

(A) the employed poor

(B) dependent children in single-earner families

(C) workers who become disabled

(D) retired workers

(E) full-time workers who become unemployed

7.According to the paage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the

(A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers

(B) poibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker

(C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor

(D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it poible to compile poverty statistics

(E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed

8.The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idlene depends primarily on the point that

(A) in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long

(B) the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages

(C) those in forced idlene include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work

(D) at different times during the year, different people are unemployed

(E) many of those who are affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers

9.Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the author’s argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market?

(A) A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant.

(B) For those who are in poverty as a result of joblene, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living.

(C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment.

(D) The elderly and handicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labor market.

(E) Since the labor market is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs.

参考答案：EDBC BADEA

Modern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration) and buying from independent producers.Manufacturers who integrate may reap short-term rewards, but they often restrict their future capacity for innovative product development. Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizers overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development.Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits.Neverthele, because product innovation means adopting the most technologically advanced and cost-effective ways of making components, backward integration may entail a serious risk for a technologically active company-for example, a producer of sophisticated consumer electronics. A company that decides to make rather than buy important parts can lock itself into an outdated technology.Independent suppliers may be unwilling to share innovations with aemblers with whom they are competing.Moreover, when an aembler sets out to master the technology of producing advanced components, the resulting demands on its resources may compromise its ability to aemble these components succefully into end products.Long-term contracts with suppliers can achieve many of the same cost benefits as backward integration without compromising a company’s ability to innovate. However, moving away from backward integration is not a complete solution either.Developing innovative technologies requires independent suppliers of components to invest huge sums in research and development.The resulting low profit margins on the sale of components threaten the long-term financial stability of these firms.Because the ability of end-product aemblers to respond to market opportunities depends heavily on suppliers of components, aemblers are often forced to integrate by purchasing the suppliers of components just to keep their suppliers in busine.Answers to Sample GMAT Reading Comprehension Questions 9.According to the paage, all of the following are benefits aociated with backward integration EXCEPT: (A) improvement in the management of overhead expenses (B) enhancement of profit margins on sales of components (C) simplification of purchasing and marketing operations (D) reliability of a source of neceary components (E) elimination of unneceary research efforts

10.According to paage, when an aembler buys a firm that makes some important component of the end product that the aembler produces, independent suppliers of the same component may (A) withhold technological innovations from the aembler (B) experience improved profit margins of on sales of their products (C) lower their prices to protect themselves from competition (D) suffer finanical difficluties and go out of busine (E) stop developing new versions of the component 11.Which of the following best describes the way the last paragraph functions in the context of the paage? (A) The last in a series of arguments supporting the central argument of the paage is presented.(B) A viewpoint is presented which qualifies one presented earlier in the paage.(C) Evidence is presented in support of the argument developed in the preceding paragrap.

(D) Questions arising from the earlier discuion are identified as points of departure for further study of the topic.(E) A specific example is presented to illustrate the main elements of argument presented in the earlier paragraphs.12.According to the paage, which of the following relationships between profits and investments in research and development holds true for producers of technologically advanced components? (A) Modest investments are required and the profit margins on component sales are lowl.(B) Modest investments are required but the profit margins on component sales are quite high.(C) Despite the huge investments that are required, the profit margins on components sales are high.(D) Because huge investments are required, the profit margins on component sales are low.

(E) Long-term contractual relationships with purchasers of components ensure a high ratio of profits to investment costs.9.This question asks you to identify which one of the five answer choices is NOT mentioned in the paage as a benefit aociated with backward integration. The best answer is B.

The paage does not indicate how backward integration affects the profit margins on sales of components by independent suppliers.Choices A, C, and E are mentioned in the paage as a benefit of backward integration.Choice D is incorrect because the paage indicates that backward integration is a way of having a reliable source of neceary components.10.This question asks you to identify information presented in the paage about independent suppliers of product components.Choice A is the best answer.

The paage aerts that independent supplies making the same components as aemblers may not share technological innovations with aemblers.Choices B, C, D, and E can be eliminated because there is no indication in the paage as aemblers experience improved profit margins, lower their prices, suffer financial difficulties, or stop developing new versions of the component.11.This question asks you to choose the statement that best describes the function of the last paragraph of the paage.The best answer is B.

At the end of the third paragraph, the author indicates that aemblers benefit from contracting with, rather than owning, independent suppliers.In the last paragraph, however, the author indicates that contracting with independent suppliers can itself present problems.Thus the last paragraph qualifies the viewpoint presented at the end of the third paragraph.Choice A is not the correct answer because the paage makes several points about backward integration, but does not present a central argument about this topic.Choice C is not the correct answer because the final paragraph qualifies rather than supports an argument made in the third paragraph about contracting with independent suppliers.Choices D and E are incorrect because the final paragraph does not identify questions or present a specific example.12.This question asks you to identify information presented in the paage about the relationship between profits and investments for producers of technologically advanced components.The best answer is D.

The paage indicates that the high investments required to develop technologically advanced components.Choice A is incorrect because the paage indicates that large, not modest, investments in research and development are required.Choices B and C are incorrect because the paage indicates that profit margins for producers of technologically advanced components are low, not high as these answer choice aert.Choice E is incorrect: although the author claims that long-term contracts with suppliers are beneficial to aemblers, the paage does not indicate that long-term contracts with purchasers lead to high profits for producers of technologically advanced components.READIN

GTEST 4

PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Paage 3 on the following pages.

Persistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face.How can it be prevented? Peter Smith, Profeor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education.

Here he reports on his findings.

A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbalto the physicalas well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups.A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent.There was le bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.

B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depreed.In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare.Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying.Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.‘There is no bullying at this school\' has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue.Fortunately more schools are now saying: ‘There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.\'

D Three factors are involved in this change.First is an awarene of the severity of the problem.Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain.For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year.In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993.Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.This comes from carefully conducted ‘before and after\' evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team.In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved.The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.

E Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed.The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of timeand the consequent improvement in pupil happine - is surely a worthwhile objective.Questions 27-30

Reading Paage 3 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A-D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i The role of video violence

ii The failure of government policy

iii Reasons for the increased rate of bullying

iv Research into how common bullying is in British schools

v The reaction from schools to enquiries about bullying

vi The effect of bullying on the children involved

vii Developments that have led to a new approach by schools

27 Section A

28 Section B

29 Section C

30 Section D

Questions 31-34

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.

31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schools

A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.

B there was le bullying than in primary schools.

C cases of persistent bullying were very common.

D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.

32 Children who are bullied

A are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

B find it more difficult to relate to adults.

C are le likely to be violent in later life.

D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

33 The writer thinks that the declaration ‘There is no bullying at this school\'

A is no longer true in many schools.

B was not in fact made by many schools.

C reflected the school\'s lack of concern.

D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.

34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?

A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.

B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.

C Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.

D Bullying is a le serious problem in Norway than in the UK.

Questions 35-39

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the paage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.

What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?

The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35.....which makes the school\'s attitude towards bullying quite clear.It should include detailed 36.....as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs.

In addition, action can be taken through the 37.....This is particularly useful in the early part of the proce, as a way of raising awarene and encouraging discuion.On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.

Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups.For example, potential 38.....of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident.Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a ‘no blame\' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.

Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere 39.......

Question 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.

Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Paage 3?

A Bullying: what parents can do

B Bullying: are the media to blame?

C Bullying: the link with academic failure

D Bullying: from crisis management to prevention

Answers

27 iv

28 vi

29 v

30 vii

31 B

32 D

33 D

34 A

35 policy

36 (explicit) guidelines

37 (school) curriculum

38 victims

39 playful fighting

40 D

推荐第4篇：考博英语自我介绍

考博方面的英语你是怎么样进行自我介绍的呢？我们一起看看下面的模板，欢迎大家阅读哦！

考博英语自我介绍模板1

Good afternoon! Profeors ：

I am honored to introduce myself.My name is ** 30 years old, born in ** city, ** province.In year 20xx and 20xx, I received my Bachelor degree and Master degree in **i University.I major in **．

After my graduation, I got a job in **.In the past three years, I was involved in several research projects, such as **。Owning to my hard work, I was rewarded the Excellent Prize in the succeive three years.

However, with time going on, the more I experienced, the clearer I realized that I am really interested in the exchange proce of **.I find that the similar and complicated problems rise in my study subject, so I’m eager to cognize more about this field and I hope I can study further in this University ．

So I am standing here now.I am really excited.I believe what I am doing is a right thing.

Thank you!

考博英语自我介绍模板2

Good morning, Dear Profeors:

It’s my honor to introduce myself.My name is XXX, I am fromXXCountyXXProvince, December XXXX I was born in a poor family, and my parents are farmers, I love and respect them very much.We were delight with my becoming a fresh man in September 1997.

Luckily, I was permitted to be a graduate student after 4 years colorful life on campus.I received my Bachelor degree20** inXX Institute of Science and Technology, then a Master degree20** inXX University of Science and Technology.For those 7 years my major was Die Design.

Before I received my Master degree, I had done the subject of XXXXXXXXXXX.For the past 3 years, I have been inXXXXXXCollege, where I have been and still am a teacher.I teach students Machine Design etc.I have published more than 10 first-author papers.

That’s all, thanks!

考博英语自我介绍模板3

Since I was a postgraduate student, I have been interested in scientific research.In the past few years, I published more than 10 papers about the high

Respectable teachers, good evening! I am very glad to be here for this interview.Now allow me to give a brief self-introduction.

I’m ***, born in **.I am a teacher of College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology.I entered this university in 1997, majoring in Computer science and technology.After graduation in 20**, I BECame a postgraduate student, and majored in Computer software and theory, supervised by Profeor ***.I receivd the master’s deGREe and BECame a teacher in 20**.

Since I was a postgraduate student, I have been interested in scientific research.In the past few years, I published more than 10 papers about the high performance computing, the theory and application of Petri nets, and design and analysis of algorithm.Furthermore, I am participating in the research of two projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation.At the same time, I undertake lots of teaching loads, more than 400 periods each year.

However, with the time going on, the more I studied and experienced, the clearer I realized that I really need study further.Thus, I began to prepare for the doctor‘s entrance examination last year.Owing to my hard work, I paed the first examination.If I am given the chance of further study, I will work hard to enrich my knowledge and make myself to be a well-qualified teacher.

OK, that’s all.Thank you!

推荐第5篇：英语对于考博

英语对于考博，只要是经历过考博的战友们肯定深切的感受过它的重要性，今天取这个疑似广告推销的标题并不是想哗众取宠，而是诚心的想给过我很多帮助的园子里的战友们分享下这成功绝地反击的经验体会。

我参加的是全国英语统考，去年因为对自己英语水平的过分乐观，以一分之差被拒之门外。今年痛定思痛，最终一雪前耻，而且，在复试中也全靠外语上的优势才能脱颖而出。

首先是复习的时间，如果你的英语基础不扎实，或者想在英语成绩上有长足的进步，你最需要的不是学习窍门而是时间，我是从考前四个多月开始复习英语的，而且因为已经是第二年考，时间相对充裕，第一年考的战友提前五个月以上绝对是必要的，哪怕刚开始只投入很少的时间，英语是点滴积累的过程，想必大家都明白这个道理。

关于单词。很多战友曾经提出为了保证复习效率，建议放弃单词。实际上，如果你不是真的时间非常紧迫，我认为单词绝对是重点，只有扩展了词汇量，你才能在阅读、听力、作文等的复习中更快的融会贯通，不然你永远存在着瓶颈。去年，我就因为没系统的记单词，在复习过程中总感觉很没效率。今年，我首先花一个月的时间解决单词，我推荐的方法是“重复记忆法”。具体方法参照园子里一个题为“15天搞定考博单词”帖子，效果虽然没他吹嘘的这么神，但是还是很有帮助的，对我来说最重要的是按这个方法记单词不但更有效率，也能让人更加专注，不容易走神，更有计划，同时能增强自信心。但这个方法的确是很需要毅力的，特别在中期很难坚持下来。而且在完成一个月的单词作战后，后面的复习中还是要花一些时间快速的温习记过的单词。至于采用什么单词表，我没有更多的经验，我用的是蒋跃出的模拟题后面的单词表。

关于听力。园子里已经有很多人讲解过听力的重要性和如何准备听力，其30分的分值的确是拉分的利器。有前辈提出“边听边写”是提高听力的最可靠方法，但我感觉“写”实在是很浪费时间的一个事情，所以我是边听，边在心里默念重复听到句子，要做到你能分辨的出每个单词。一篇文章，你要反复的听，反复的听每个句子，甚至反复的听某个你觉得听了反应不过来的单词，这样才能最扎实的训练你的语感和听力的反应速度。当然，也要通过一些听力模拟题和真题进行实战训练，蒋跃的《听力一本通》就是不错的选择。

关于完形填空，这部分我个人觉得详细准备的价值不大，考的大多是语法，当然也有词汇和阅读能力，在其他的复习中可以一并加强。

关于阅读。个人感觉，花大量的时间在阅读的训练上是不明智的，其实大部分人阅读的能力相差不大，而且提高阅读水平的难度是各部分中最难的。但你必须要做的是熟悉考博英语阅读的题目类型，出题习惯，出题特点，比如考博英语中往往细节题考得比较多，而且往往文章阅读的难度不大，但题目出的思维很刁钻，这些可以参考一些考博英语阅读训练材料里的理论讲解，而不用大量的做他们的练习。当然真题中的阅读是要很认真的做，并且分析题目的。

关于写作。这部分往往是让人喜欢忽略的。其实这部分是最容易提高的。去年我只是在做真题的时候实战写了几篇作文，最后考试时，作文最终也是感觉稀里糊涂。今年，我参照的是《医学博士英语统一考试—写作教程》，梁平主编。里面会教你考博写作的框架和格式，然后通过大量的翻译训练，锻炼你的语言表达能力，同时减少写作时的语法错误和拼写错误，减少这些错误才是你写作取得高分的最重要保障。最后要在每次做真题时进行实战写作训练，并且通过对照范文，发现自己的不足。今年考试中的写作，当我完成时，我就感觉一定是15分以上的。

关于真题。这个是不得不仔细研究的东西。我个人觉得将最近的10份左右的真题放在最后2个月的时间做是比较合理的。平均一个星期左右做一份真题，并且要把每次真题的训练当成考试，严格按照实际考试的时间来做题，做完后，必须要大量的时间来分析这些题目。

唧唧歪歪说了这么多，可能很多人觉得并没有什么诀窍可言，但其实只要你具备了足够的“决心和毅力”，一切诀窍都可以是浮云。最后真心祝所有即将和正在奋斗在考博道路上的战友梦想成真！

推荐第6篇：考博英语写作

考博英语写作模板、绝招

开头万能公式

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式

1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politene and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？

更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

（1） 不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3） 答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

（4） 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the

table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

（6）实用性写作（申请信 )

Your addre

Month, Date, year

Receiver\'s addre Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in ....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand, ....On the other hand, ....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and succe.

Sincerely yours,

X X X 写作的“七项基本原则”

一、长短句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、主题句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your leons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、一二三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）

2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）

3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）

4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）

6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）

7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）

8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）

10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其

一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其

二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：

I cannot bear it.

可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.

I want it.

可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.

这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room

小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

六、多变句式原则

1）加法（串联）

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：

I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.

如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.

其它的短语可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2）转折（拐弯抹角）

批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

The coat was thin, but it was warm.

更多的短语：

despite that, still, however, neverthele, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！

The snow began to fall, so we went home.

更多短语：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。

举例：This is what I can do.

Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.

同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：

When to go, Why he goes away…

5）附加（多此一举）

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.

Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6）排比（排山倒海句）

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.

We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）

要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑战极限原则

既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！

文章主体段落三大杀手锏

一、举实例

思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every poible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance.For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actre to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they find him or her.

更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比较

方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；

世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：

相似的比较：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

相反的比较：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, neverthele, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

三、换言之

没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。

实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!

I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.

I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.

或者上面我们举过的例子：

I cannot bear it.

可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.

因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.

更多短语：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

推荐第7篇：考博英语复试

导师眼中的学生：能提出与专业有关的建设性问题；

1.So first, please make a self-introduction

Profeors **,

Good morning, the first thing I would like to say is thank you.I’ve been looking forward to this interview for a long time.My name is Dan Yanfang from Hanchuan, Hubei Province.I got a Bachelor’s degree for rhythmic gymnastics and Master’s degree for sports humanities.Now I’m teaching sports humanities and figure exercises in a university in Hunan Province.I am married and have a lovely daughter.You may agree with me that once you become a parent, you will be responsible to set yourself as a good example, so I am trying my best to be a qualified role model.

As you can see, I am easygoing.I have a lot of friends, and I am pretty good at dealing with personal relations.Besides, I am ambitious and diligent.When I work in the university, I could not help thinking about pursuing a doctor’s degree.For I think knowledge is indispensable spiritual food.A person who is easily content with the present will quickly lag behind, so I make up my mind to take the doctor’s entrance exam.I know it is not easy to pa it, but I believe when there is a will, there is a way.

I am never afraid of challenges, what I fear is staying still and never going forward.When I was at graduate school, I have done a great job.I have hosted some academic projects at university, provincial and national levels, published several papers in provincial and national core journals and got some prizes as well.But since I am more interested in rhythmic gymnastics, I decide to change back and continue studying rhythmic gymnastics.These two majors are closely linked to each other, so I am confident that I can adapt to the change.

As for my doctor-plan, I will first strengthen theoretic study and achieve a more systematic view of its eence and spirit.Secondly, I will proceed to do academic research, and aist profeors of sport popularization, either theoretically or practically.

2.Well, could you tell me why you choose this major? (Why do you change your major?)

As to this question, I have mentioned that I’ve learned rhythmic gymnastics and sports humanities.Personally speaking, the former one is more interesting and fascinating.Besides, these two majors are closely related to each other.What I learned on master’s degree should be put to practice, so as to show the practical value of physical education.Furthermore, rhythmic gymnastics can reflect the beauty of life.As a PE practitioner, I will spare no effort to make a contribution to the development of this sport.

3.Why do you choose our school?

To tell you the truth, I am a native citizen.All my friends are here.I really mi my parents.What’s more, Wuhan is universally known for its education.Among all the universities, WIPE is the best at physical education.I am deeply impreed by distinguished profeors, such as **, and advanced facilities.Also your campus is amazing in terms of learning atmosphere and natural scenery.It will be so great if I can study here.

4.What do you think of rhythmic gymnastics?

Generally speaking, rhythmic gymnastics is a sport interpreting the beauty of life.It should be fully developed, but in reality, it is not so.It is now facing with some problems, for example, lack of profeional team and qualified human resources, insufficient fund and limited sources, low competitivene and so on.In my opinion, we can handle these problems by attaching equal importance to popularize and improve the sport, further expanding marker demand, and sticking to sustainable development.

5.How do you plan your doctorate study?

As I have mentioned that rhythmic gymnastics is of some problems.Therefore, I will first strengthen theoretic study in order to achieve a systematic understanding of its eence and spirit.Secondly, I will proceed to do academic research, and aist profeors of sport popularization, either theoretically or practically.Thirdly, I will focus on **(自己的创新点)

6.What kind of academic achievements have you got at graduate school?

I have hosted 3 academic projects at university and provincial levels, and taken part in another 3 at national level.4 papers have been published in provincial and national core journals as first author.3 of them got the first, second, and third prizes respectively.

7.Please make a self-evaluation.(English proficiency/character/scientific research ability) You may see that I am a woman, a mother, a teacher and above all, a student.

As a woman, I am considerate and meticulous.As a mother, I am tender and kind.As a teacher, I am analytical, rigorous and composed in front of difficulties.As a student, I am humble, adaptive and have a strong sense of comprehension.The curiosity about rhythmic gymnastics is a constant motivation that can push me forward.I am not afraid of meeting challenge.

Of course, I still have some weaknees.My understanding of both rhythmic gymnastics and sports

humanities may be limited and need improvement.I might not live up to your standard, but I would do my best in academic and practical study so as to contribute to the development of rhythmic gymnastics.

8.Except rhythmic gymnastics, what else do you like?

Except rhythmic gymnastics, I am fond of playing table tennis.It is a good way of relaxation and it is helpful to your physical and mental health.

9.What do you think of your English?

I have finished New Concept English 3 and 4 when I was at school and at work, so I am good at reading and writing.But as you can see it, due to lack of practice, I am poor at listening and speaking like most of Chinese students.

10.Since you mentioned your job in Hunan, could you tell us more about it?

I teach rhythmic gymnastics and figure exercises in the university, including a brief introduction to PE, aerobics and so on.After cla, I often do research work with my workmates.Sometimes I will read and write some papers.Some of them got published.I really have a good time with my colleagues.Campus lift is really wonderful.

推荐第8篇：考博英语优秀

中科院博士研究生英语写作分析及范文

1999.3

2000.3

2001.3

2002.3

2002.10

2003.3

2003.10

2004.3

2005.3 题目解析：

“如何减少交通事故?”这道作文题目简洁明了，比较容易把握。正确地理解本题最重要的是抓住题眼，也就是“如何”这个词。本题十分明确地要求考生专门讨论解决某一现象或问题的具体措施，而有的考生没能紧紧围绕解决办法多着笔墨，而去分析交通事故这个问题背后的根源，显然无法取得理想的成绩。 范文：

With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people.In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person.Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment. We need traffic police to be responsible for their job. If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousne of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterne.As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving.As walkers, they should not cro the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents.I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment.(220 words)

2006.3 题目解析：

本题首先列出了一个现实生活中的现象：中国虽然拥有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，却至今没能培养出一名诺贝尔奖获得者。针对这一现象，题目的要求是十分具体的，就是去分析这种现象背后的根源。换句话说，对原因的挖掘是本题的重点。

范文：

Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries.However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far.In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals’ creativity.Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient.Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stre on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students’ ability to solve difficult problems.

Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world.In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe.In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries.As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development.Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas.At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries.For instance, the clone technology was first explored by scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing.Our educational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered.Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel Prize winners.(298 words)

推荐第9篇：南开大学考博英语

南开考博英语

一、听力（含对话和短文）：20分

二、词汇：15分

三、阅读理解：40分

四、改错：10分

五、作文：15分

一、听力（1分×20=20分）

二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）

三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分） (A) 出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their eential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（猎物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves.A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.by controlpanel

So important is the web to an orb-web spider\'s survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved.For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs.Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的）， it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（线）.Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein.It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk.In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day\' web.Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impreed by the adaptability of the spider\'s highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web.One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.by controlpanel 1.A title that would best expre the main idea of the paage would be . A.Secrets of Spiders.B.Secrets of the Web C.Secrets of Nature D.A New Discovery of Scientists 2.According to the paage which of the following statements is true A.All web-building spiders are blind B.Most spiders are blind C.Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D.All spiders can weave webs.3.Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to .A.walk quickly B.see the prey clearly C.conserve its energy D.survive 4.A spider conserves its energy .A.because it constructs new webs daily B.as it walks over the strands it lays

1 C.by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web D.by eating only in the evening 5.That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that .A.a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk B.spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain C.the web is everything to a spider D.a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B) 出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel.This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an exceive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.by controlpanel Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the lo of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals.The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water lo at one drink.Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one seion, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.The tolerance of water lo is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.by controlpanel 6.What is the main topic of the paage?

(A) Weather variations in the desert

(B) Adaptations of desert animals

(C) Diseased of desert animals

(D) Human use of desert animals.

7.According to the paage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A) It helps them hide from predators.

(B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.

(C) It helps them see their young at night

(D) It keeps them cool at night.

8.The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A) an animal with a low average temperature

(B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel

2 (C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A) They do not need to eat much food.

(B) They can eat large quantities quickly

(C) They easily lose their appetites.

(D) They can travel long distances looking for food.

10.Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A) To show how they use camels.

(B) To contrast them to desert mammals.

(C) To give instructions about desert survival.

(D) To show how they have adapted to desert life.

(C)关于旅游能扩展思路（原文没找到） (D) 出自四川理工学院大学英语试卷

Proper arrangement of claroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.College claroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.by controlpanel We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college claroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their clamates.The aumption behind such an arrangement is obvious.Everything of importance comes from the teacher.by controlpanel With a little imagination and effort, unle desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students.In small or standard-size claes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger claes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much le flexibility.Arrangement of the claroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discuion or problem-solving exercises.Small claes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls, it is poible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a cla into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking procees operate all eential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with.John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.by controlpanel 11.The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.A.For the teacher to divide students into small groups.B.To make it poible for students to interact with each other.CFor the teacher to find out how students think.D.To give students more opportunities to practice speaking. 3 12.The expreion “step back in time at least a hundred years” (in Para.1) is intended to convey the idea that_______.A.College clarooms often reminded people of their college life.B.Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.C.A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a claroom was quite different.D.There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.13.The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________ AThe teacher saves the trouble in doing that.B.Learning is made comfortable in this way.C.The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.D.Brighter students can help slower ones.14.All the following statements are true according to the paage except that

_________.

A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.C.Claroom interaction between students is eential to the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.15.The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________ A.Create a comfortable setting for interaction.B.Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.C.Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.D. Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and faces easily.(E) 出自2006年12月英语六级新题型模拟试题

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus，children were valued in terms of their productivity and they aumed the role of producer quite early．Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination，and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status（地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become，each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members．Consequently，viewing children as potentially acceptable and necearily multifaceted（多方面的）member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian（功利的）organisms ．This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children．It is now poible to influence the 4 details of the socialization of another person\'s child by spreading the gospel（原则、信条）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing． by controlpanel The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence， socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the paage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society B）The Children of Colonial North America C）The Development of Cultural Values D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the paage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children\'s succe．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children\'s psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child\'s psychological needs．

C）A decrease in the child\'s intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families．

20．According to the paage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children\'s future occupations B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childle couples D）child-rearing techniques

(F)关于American paradox（原文没找到）

四、改错（1分×10=10分） 出自英语专业八级考试模拟题

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water.This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some

other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ of the sun.by controlpanel As we know, life would only be poible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range.__3__

5 The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ in quantity.A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ earth during volcanic action.The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ melted.Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface.There is also a minor,

but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere. 答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone.Let alone 意为“更不用说”， 表示一种让步关系。 2.face-surface 根据上下文理解，应该指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。这样使得planet后面的句子成为一个定语从句。 4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重复。 5.out改成outer 这里指外层空间。 6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中这里是让步关系，而不是并列关系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英语表达中，当分子是二以上的数时，分母应为复数。

9.when改成until或者unle 根据上下文，这句话的意思应为:除非（冰雪)融化，否则（地球上的）生命系统就无法利用水。所以when在这里的意思有误。

10.fewer改成le 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用le。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing 提纲：

1、阐述二者的relation；

2、提出建议和solution；

3、以一个natural end结尾。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ⅡReading Comprehension (20 points)

Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S.cities have simply built more roads.But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run.Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.

The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.Proponents

6 of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable meage signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.

hPathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.

Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

kaobo.cn,kaobo.org“Electronics on the highway addrees just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn\'t deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can\'t be built fast enough.It sends people the wrong meage.They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that\'s been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems.It\'s not the solution itself, just pan of the package.There are different strategies.”

Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid ma-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.

It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years.There has to be a big change.

1.What is the appropriate title for the paage ?

A.Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. B.A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. C.A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.

D.Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.

2.The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.an optional solution B.an expedient solution C.a ready solution

D.an efficient solution

3.According to the paage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to __________. A.develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways B.provide paenger vehicle with a variety of services C.optimize the highway capabilities

D.improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4.According to Larson, to redre the traffic problem, __________. A.car pooling must be studied

7 B.rapid ma transit system must be introduced C.flexible work hours must be experimented D.overall strategies must be coordinated

5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole paage? A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.

B.A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. C.Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. D.An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. Paage 2 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper.If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage.We reserve rage for our own species.It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one\'s own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man—indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.

The readine with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6.A suitable title for this paage would be __________. A.Wily Human Armies Are Formed B.Man\'s Anger Against the World C.The Human Capacity for Rage D.Early Straggles of Angry Mail

7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is __________.A.its lengthy and complex development

B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland C.that we do not fly into a temper more often D.that we reserve anger for mankind 8.The paage suggests that __________.

8 A.historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9.From the paage we can infer that __________.

A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens B.games are psychologically unhealthy

C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man\'s sctivities.

10.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is __________.

A.founded in historical fact

B.deceptive C.apparent

D.accurate Part Ⅲ Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 1.Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are __________ to imported ones.

A.inadequate B.inappropriate

C.inferior D.interior

2.It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he __________ what he knows. A.makes for B.makes of C.makes up D.makes out

3.Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for busine __________, something unheard of in Europe.

A.transformations B.transmiions C.transitions D.transactions

4.As the preure __________ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth\'s surface.

A.intensifies

B.magnifies

C.heightens

D.deviates

5.The strong scent of Kate\'s perfume __________ the air in the small room. A.radiated B.permeated？ C.extracted？ D.dispersed

6.The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least __________, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial

7.They are __________ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. A.tempting B.tickling C.tormenting D.tricking

8.Another popular misconception is the __________ that great talent is usually highly specific. A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy

9.You can __________ the loudne of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. A.change B.vary C.alter D.transform

10.The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be __________. A.enormous B.huge C.vast D.immense Part Ⅳ？ Error Correction (10 points)

Directions: In the following paage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to add a word, cro out a word, or change a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you cro out a word, put a slant (/) in the blank.

9 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in some other way does not live to the manufacturer\'s claim for it,？ 1.__________ ___ 2.__________ ____ the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at thestore of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.Moreover, 3.__________ ___ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumer？

4.__________ _____ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？

5.__________ ___

In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer\'s favor, aumed he 6.__________ _______ or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain about in person 7.__________ ________ whenever poible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8.__________ ________ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？

9.__________ __________

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong？

10.__________ __________ with the item in question. Part Ⅴ Writing (10 points) 略

Frankly speaking, in contemporary China, volunteer is not quite prevailing or in a embarrased situation attributing to the misunderstanding among the crow.What\'s worse, the minority of people treat it as a usele and meaningle career in the world.In fact, there is of great eenciality to correct the wrong opinion in volunteer and advocate the volunteer career.As follows, I will list some advantages of volunteer.First of all, volunteer play quite vital a role in our sociaty.Taking Beijing Olympic Game for example, there is no doubt that volunteer is a bridge between Chinese and volunteer, they help to translate for native sellers, keep the activity and traffic in order and so on.Moreover, volunteer is the pioneer when faced with the catastrophe.In the wenchuan earthquake, indisputably, volunteer lend a hand to the victime in the first moment.From my own perspective, volunteer is the most sacred career in this world, we should feel pround of that we are volunteers. 10

推荐第10篇：英语自荐信考博

Dear Prof.Gao,

Thank you very much for reading my recommendation.I hope I could get the opportunity to pursue advanced studies under your guidance.

I am a postgraduate student of China University of Petroleum , studying in the major of Chemical Engineering.And I will get my master degree in July 2011.As my great interest in

scientific research and the endle of knowledge studying, I wish I could get advanced study under a learned tutor like you.

I have been researching on sweetening catalyst for gasoline and small-sized continuous

experiments with the help of my supervisor Profeor X.An article on my subject was published as the aistant author on Petroleum Refinery Engineering.At present, my experiment have been being performed succefully on schedule.I am skilled in kinds of instruments , for example, I can operate Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Gas chromatograph and Sulfur nitrogen analyzers.

I once participated in a research on catalyst for removing naphthenic acid by esterification from heavy oil with the guidance of profeor Wang , and published a article as the aistant author on Petroleum Refinery Engineering.

Thank you very much for reading my recommendation again.If given a chance to pursue advanced studies, I would highly appreciate you.I look forward to receiving your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Ma X X

第11篇：考博英语自我介绍

Good morning, Dear Profeors: it is my pleasure to introduce myself to you.My name is MSJ.I major in Pesticide Science and I will graduate from the Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide Northwest A&F University in July ,2015.Hope a chance to work and develop myself in your department.I paed the CET band 6 test in2012， after that， I tried my best to learn Medical English and mastered a lot of profeional vocabulary.I can manipulate computer proficiently and master Microsoft Office software， also be familiar with SPSS and Photoshop.During the past three years， under the strict guidance of my tutor， profeor MA.I have learned systematically the theory of profeion and got the basic manipulative skills about Phytochemistry.With the help of my supervisor， I have succefully finished the subject “Agricultural Activity of Alkaloids from Cephalotaxus sinensis ” and grasped some experimental skill ， such as abstraction， separation， …....

I am looking forward to working in your department.If I am admitted， I will be thankful and try my best to work for you.

That’s all.SKS

原文地址：考博复试英语自我介绍范例作者： Good morning, Dear Profeors: It’s my honor to introduce myself.My name is XXX, I am fromXXCountyXXProvince, December XXXX I was born in a poor family, and my parents are peasants。 I love and respect them very much.We were delight with my becoming a fresh man in September 1997.Luckily, I was permitted to be a graduate student after 4 years colorful life on campus.I received my Bachelor degree2001 inXX Institute of Science and Technology, then a Master degree2004 inXX University of Science and Technology.For those 7 years my major was Die Design.Before I received my Master degree, I had done the subject of XXXXXXXXXXX.For the past 3 years, I have been inXXXXXXCollege, where I have been and still am a teacher.I teach students Machine Design etc.I have published more than 10 first-author papers. That’s all, thanks!

博士面试时英语自我介绍技巧

一、第一句话（first word）见到考官的第一句话，很关键，不用说的很复杂。可以是一个简单句，但一定要铿锵有力。展示出自信和实力。千万不要来一句“sorry, my English is poor”.常见的开头有:1.Good morning! may I introduce myself ..2.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.I’m peter white, my NO is „(北大清华等学校参加面试的考生很多，可能对考生有一个编号，说一下自己的编号显得很职业，也很正式。)

二、作自我介绍——成长经历（making a self-introduction ——developing history）有很多学校要求做一个自我介绍，这一问题并非在请你大谈你的个人历史。考官是要在你的介绍中寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。来判断你是否适合读MBA。你可以先介绍一下成长的经历，出生地和毕业学校等内容。在这一部分要介绍的有些特色，让老师在听几十个人流水帐式的介绍中增加一点乐趣，就权且当作MBA人际关系管理的第一个挑战吧！

I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,1997.（很简单的一句话，一定要发音准确！要把毕业学校的英文准确名字搞清楚了。）

你可以借光一下家乡的名人，可以用这句高水平的话，展示高超你高超的口语。You know, there is a saying that “The greatne of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.另外在介绍性格和爱好的时候，适合把家庭介绍结合在一起，可以说父母给了你哪些方面良好的影响。不要流水帐似的介绍家庭成员。可以这么说: Just like my father, I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.Frequently I exchange ideas with my family during super.In addition , during my college years, I was once the chairman of the Student Union.These work have urged me develop active and responsible characters.在这里给出描述个人品质常用词汇的中英文对照，可以参考。

able 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活跃的

aggreive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的 audacious 有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能careful 办理仔细的 candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的

cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的

dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策disciplined 守纪律的dutiful尽职的 well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的

faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的

industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的 learned 精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的

modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的

elastic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的 steady 踏实的systematic有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的

sweet-tempered性情温和的temperate 稳健的tirele 孜孜不倦的

三、作自我介绍——职业发展（making a self-introduction ——career development）这是很关键的一部分，也是MBA考官会重点考察的一部分。要把工作经历和MBA的学习以及职业发展方向作为一个整体来谈，让老师感到你选择MBA是一个理性的选择而不是一时冲动，选择MBA是职业发展中的一个必然选择，而不是因为找不到工作。你可以用这些句型:

1、In the past years, I’ve worked at IBM as a software engineer.In my work, I found communication and management is very important.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unle he keeps on learning.So I choose MBA! if I am given a chance to study MBA in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of communication and management skill.（在过去的几年中，我作为一个软件工程师在IBM工作。在工作中，我发现交流和管理非常的重要。我一直认为一个人很容易落后，如果不持续学习的话，所以我选择了MBA！如果我有机会在这个著名的大学学习MBA，我会不遗余力的掌握沟通和管理的技能。）

附英文自我介绍一篇

It’s my pleasure to be here to introduce myself.That’s a difficult question.I think all the night.How to introduce myself? Tell you who I am? You all know my name is Liu Xiaonao.Tell you what my major is or what I am doing now? You all know I study ink-jet paper, and yesterday you all my examiners.So today I’ll tell you my characters and favorites.I’m an open-minded, kind and smart girl.I like dancing, especially national and claical dancing, waltz is also my love.Dancing can make me relax when I study tired.But about two years I have no chance to dance because my study subject is more attractive than dancing.Last month I began to study play piano.But till now I only can play one song “jasmine flower”.Maybe I’m a slow learner.I also like drama.I had participated in the exam of actre.I’m very luck I succeed in the exam.But make me surprised the director asked me to give him 50,000 yuan.So I went back to my study.Now I realize what I really like.That’s my major—printing and paper making.It’s the place which can actualize my own personal worth.That’s my life, wonderful life and interesting life.I hope the sun is always in my life.Thank you.

博士生医学考博复试英文自我介绍样板

Thank you for giving me the chance to interview and it is my pleasure to introduce myself to you.My name is LiFeng.I major in „„and I will graduate from the„„..Medical University in July, 2006.Hope a chance to work and develop in your department.During the past three years, under the strict guidance of my tutor, profeor „„in college of „„„, I have learned systematically the theory of profeion and got the basic manipulative skills about „„..With the help of my supervisor, I have succefully finished the subject “„„„ ” and grasped some experimental skill , such as cell culture, DNA extraction and other molecular biology technique; abstraction, separation, „ I paed the CET band 6 test in2002, after that, I tried my best to learn Medical English and mastered a lot of profeional vocabulary.I am good at listening, speaking, reading and writing..I can manipulate computer proficiently and master Microsoft Office software, also be familiar with SPSS and Photoshop, etc.During three-year study in research, I studied hard and strived for excellence in our field.I benefit from working together with excellent colleague.I developed quality of diligence, responsibility, kindne and honesty.My internship in college of „..could qualify me for this job, and I believe I can be fit for the position quickly.I am looking forward to working in your department.If I am admitted, I will be thankful and try my best to work for you.

第12篇：考博英语心得

博士考试心得之一：词汇记忆

众所周知，英语考试中，词汇是关键，是所有考察题目的前提。没有足够的词汇量，或者对词汇的记忆、理解不够好，直接决定了英语水平的高低，想考个好成绩更是无法谈取。所以，词汇是万里长征的第一步。

如果不幸你又选择了中科院作为博士考试的目标，嘿嘿，情况可以用“雪上加霜”来形容了。记得当年考硕士的时候，国家规定的词汇量大约是5700个（现在可 能有变化，但不会很大吧），英语六级的词汇量也差不多就这些（稍有出入，但变化不大）。而中科院的英语博士入学考试词汇大纲（以北京理工大学出版社的大纲 为准），包括的词汇量达到了近12000。这个数字达到了硕士英语大纲的两倍。虽然不能否认很多词汇之间有内在联系，可当我第一次拿到这个大纲的时候，我 从来没见过的单词多的是。 废话少说吧。

第一，要有个权威的英语词汇大纲。 我选择的是北理出版社的版本，其特点是综合了历年中科院英语博士入学考试试卷中出现过的词汇，比较全面，而且有一定的针对性。在看这本书之间，建议大家可 以先把六级字汇大纲，或者一些学者编写的硕士研究生入学考试字汇大纲上的所有词汇都记完。这个应该不难，大家都是过来人嘛，而且量也没那么大。 第二，第一次如何看北理版本的大纲。

这本书上会有很多字汇以前没有见过，如何把这些词汇搞明白，相当有难度。在大学时期，大家都习惯拿着词汇表，从头背到尾，也有人喜欢把词汇分成几个大块， 一块一块的往下记。这是个好方法，而且也比较有效果。但对大多数的博士考生来说，缺乏基本条件。因为我们这些人要么是已经工作了，日常杂事繁多，要么正在 准备硕士毕业论文，不可能拿出一上午，或者一下午的时间。我比较推荐的方法是“分而食之”。

1，拿出大约一周的时间，对大纲中的词汇进行甄别。自己已经知道的词汇放过，不会的词汇用红笔做个记号。然后把这些做了记号的词汇分别抄写到窄纸条上，并 附上其中文意思（如果不知道怎么读，还要注明音标），最好每个词一个小条。对于有派生的词汇，可以只抄下根词，余下的可以放在以后解决。把这些小条按照字 母顺序分成多个包，比如a开头的放在一起，有些词汇不多的，可以合并（大纲中，真正没有见过的词也就2000左右吧，因人而异，而派生、词组占了不少）。

2，在自己口袋里一次放一个包，大约会有30~60个单词吧。当你在忙于工作的间隙，或者散步的间隙…..（只要是有小的时间段就可以），从口袋里摸出一 个小条，快速的记下它是怎么拼写的，怎么读的，中文意思是什么，然后把纸条放在另一个口袋里。接着就可以在脑海里默记，做到会读，将来见到这个词了，能知 道它的大体意思（至少它是什么性质的词）。一般来说，半天就可以解决50个生词，而且不会误工作。就靠这个方法，我在3周内，不知不觉的啃掉了大约近2000个生词。（提醒一下，如果你在路上默记，安全第一，碰着树了，撞着墙了都没多大影响，和车车接吻可就麻烦了：）

）。这一步完成后，如果效果不是多好，可以重复，一般2个回合足够了。

第三，这个时候，大纲中的词汇分成了两类。一类是才记过的，但不是很熟练，一类是以前都熟悉的。针对这两类词汇，采取交叉记忆，周期轮回的方法。

1，每天对大纲中新记过的划红线词汇都要过目一遍。这个过程要快，一看到这个单词，就回想它的中文意思，想不出来没关系，可以参考大纲。切不可回复，非要 把它记清楚再看后边的，没这个必要，因为这个时候不会的词还多着呢，误了时间就是缩短了记忆的周期，等你把这个熟悉了，以前有点印象的词汇又失去了。注重 的是整个不熟悉词汇的过目频率，而不是哪几个单词。2000多个词，2个小时内必须扫过一遍。 2，同样在那一天，要把大纲从头往后记忆。这时要轻松不少，因为很多词是熟悉的，而不熟悉的词可以再加深印象。

就我个人来说，一般整个大纲一周内就可以过一遍，而这个时候，划红线的词汇已经过了7遍。当这痛苦的一周过去之后，第二次大循环开始之后，明显的就感觉好多了，很多红线词汇已经熟悉了。

第三条的2款是否是多余的？非也，当全力记忆红线词汇时，以前熟悉的词也有一些在模糊，尤其是相当多的红线词汇与这些“熟悉词汇”之间，在意思，拼写，读法上比较容易混淆。 这个过程，持续3周之后，整个大纲上的词汇，几乎没有你不熟悉的了，当然，汉语意思一时记不起来的还有不少。这些词汇属于那些“顽固词汇”类别，相信大家 都有这样的体会：有些词，只看过一遍，基本就记住了，而有些词（特别是拼写很类似的词汇），记了多少次，还是不大确定。建议此时专门找个小本子，把这些 “顽固词汇”特别抄录下来，每天都去对比光顾。由于这类词汇数量不多（顶多就200吧），特殊对待后，用不多长时间就记牢了。 第四，一个半月过去了，大纲上的词汇基本搞定，但恰好这也是一个关键时刻。由于采用了强记的方法，表面上看大纲都熟悉了，所有的单词一看就知道它的意思， 拼写甚至引申意义。但这个效果非常的不稳定，只要中断一周，很多词汇依旧让人头痛。不错，大家该猜到了，词汇进入巩固期了。

巩固期相对好多了，坚持“持之以恒”吧，每周把整个大纲扫一遍，随时发现记忆“模糊”的词汇。在阅读训练，写作训练的相辅相成下，一直坚持到考试前一天。 根据个人感觉，中科院英语博士入学考试题目的词汇部分不难，这些选择填空只要把题目的意思和选项中各词汇的意思搞懂了，往往不存在两个选项拿捏不准的情况，基本一下就能确定答案。我推荐的方法是：

A，

两个前提：题目意，选项意要搞明白；

B，

不能确定的选项：1，从语法角度判断该空需要什么类型的词汇（形容词，还是副词，还是名词…）；2，从句子结构的角度判断，有不少并列句，倒装句就是这样；3，固定搭配；4，排除法

C，

实在什么办法都用完了，也不知道该选哪个好。这个时候，可以把某个选项带入到题目中，读一遍，然后凭自己的语感选择一个最舒服的选项。 博士考试心得之二：阅读理解部分

阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考 试复习时的针对性。

首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功。

很多参考书中，都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人 的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的 领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也 都是常见的。 学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气 的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看 懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。 我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。

其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？

这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构 搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际 就是从宏观上把握作者的意图。 全面阅读有什么不好？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中 又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之， 第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自 己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在 具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。

采用“跳读”的方法，可以克服全面阅读的缺点。这种阅读方法可以这样来描述：在阅读过程中，先试图把每个句子都读懂，当你觉得它不是主旨句后，就快速读过去，或者直接跳过去。当你读完之后，直接去做后边的题目，带着题目返回到文章中去寻找答案。

“跳读”的主要目的有两个：一是把每一段的主要意思抓住，这一段主要讲的是哪一方面的内容，而不需要知道具体内容是什么；二是搞清楚文章的结构，从宏观整体上明白作者的语气、看法、态度。

带着题目返回文章中寻找答案。一般来说，阅读理解的题目是先问细节问题，再涉及文章中某一词是什么意思、某一复杂的句子在表达作者什么看法，最后是关于文 章整体的理解。由于“跳读”占用的时间比较少，记的也比较清楚，所以一看到问细节问题后，基本上就知道去文章中哪个段落中去寻找答案了。如果看到了关于文 章整体理解方面的题目，可以把各个段落中的主旨句联系起来判断，采用排除的方法，确定最佳答案。

最后，多多分析历年考试试卷，总结出相关“规律”（一种可以意会，而不可言传的经验）。我很想把自己总结的中科院英语博士入学考试试卷的具体规律写出来， 可真的又不知道该如何写，只是在自己的感觉上觉得它就是这样。所以这点需要大家自己去意会，总结属于自己的“规律”。我在这里肯定的告诉各位：每个类别的 英语考试，都有自己的侧重点，都有自己特殊的规律。

要善于分析阅读理解正文中的规律：

1，每个段落的主旨句一般都在段的开头或者结尾，少部分在段的中间，这些句子的意思比较宽，覆盖了本段内容；在中科院英语博士入学考试中，每个阅读理解后 边有6个问题，一般来说，有3-4个是细节部分，1-2个是正文概括性的题目，1个是关于正文中某个词汇或者某个句子的问题（有些阅读理解后边没有）。

2，不幸的是，正文中比较长的，或者比较难懂的，或者有生词的句子，往往是题目中要涉及的。然而幸运的是这些句子虽然表面上看比较复杂、也很长。基本上不 是带有复杂结构的简单句，就是并列句，再不就是双重否定句（其他的可能性就不是很大了）。在“跳读”中，如一时不能理解它的意思可以暂时放过，一旦题目中 涉及到该句，切不可紧张，先分析结构，再层层理解。这时就考大家平时积累了，我强烈建议：在做模拟题的过程中，只要碰到这样的句子，就一定不要放过，摘抄 下来后，好好研究一番：这个句子是如何构成的？它采用什么句式？而实际上某一类别英语考试中，经常拿来考的比较难的句型，翻来覆去也就那么几种，无非是填 充了不同内容罢了，搞懂后就没什么神秘感。这种规律在其他试题类型中也存在，当题目类型确定后，命题小组的人就那么几个，成员相对比较稳定，每个人都有自 己的偏向性，作为一个小组，出的题目有偏向性不足为奇，关键在于大家通过自己的研究，发现它的偏向特征。

3，如何去寻找那些“偏向特征”。当我们把历年的几套试题放在一起综合对比后，就可以按提供如下线索去体会：

都喜欢怎么问问题？比如说同样考察正文中的某个细节，有的类别考试喜欢把小问题问的很复杂，而有的则直接就问，但基本都是换了个说法去问的。这个时候，大家最好去考察一下问的风格。综合所有阅读理解试题，可以感觉命题人喜欢在正文的哪些方面做文章。 答案喜欢怎么给出？总的来说，答案直接与正文细节一一对应的几乎没有。但无外乎两个方面，一是把正文中内容直接用另一个方式表达出来，这种情况下，答案与正文中有不少单词是一样的；一是表面上看没有任何联系，但所说内容与正文意思一致，相对来说这种情况少见一些。

答案中一般有三种类情况，一是正确回答了问题；一是部分回答了问题，但意思不完整或者有偏差；一是干扰型，拿一些与正文无关的内容来扰乱考试者的思路。基 于这一点，我才强调一定要在阅读过程中，掌握作者的写作结构，写作心态，与具体细节相互结合，一般就不难排除错误，给出正确答案。

答案中有些选项一看就知道是错误的，这些项往往语气非常肯定，后者所囊括的范围过于宽广。因此，提醒大家在阅读时，如果发现有了有表露作者口气、心态的词 语，一定要多加留心，这些词语从一个侧面反映了作者的写作意图，与重要段落的主旨意相互呼应，就成了回答文章整体概括性题目的依据。

采用什么方法来做阅读理解的题目效果最好？

我总结的经验是：排除法。细节的问题，往往来说比较好回答，扫过一遍后，基本就可以确定正确答案。而概括性，判断性的题目，相对难些，选项中总有那么两个比较类似，只有语气，侧重点的区别。我推荐下列步骤：

A，阅读理解的问题是什么？各个选项说的是什么意思？

B，选项与正文内容相比较，要把握仔细（语气，重要的形容词侧重）； C，主要采用排除的方法做不很确定的题目； D，每个段落的主旨句有关键作用；

E，做完题目后，快速的回顾下各个问题的答案的意思是否前后对应，而不相互矛盾。

根据题目的不同情况，结合大家自己的理解，灵活处理。

在中科院英语博士入学考试中，还有一类特殊的题目：排序。这类题目与阅读理解部分不少是类似的，就不多说，提供以下参考：

A，注意段中的主旨句，往往决定了这个段落中某个选项的内容范围；

B，由于选项有多的，容易引起误选，所以要注意可能的选项必须与本段内的细节，还有整体意是否相关，并符合；

C，根据排序位处于段落中的位置，如果在段首，有可能是主旨句，也有可能是承上启下的句子；如果在段中，注意前后相关；如果在段尾，要能完整主旨句在段落中的意思（并不一定如此，请大家灵活处理）。

D，确定所有选项后，注意整个正文在语意上是前后呼应的。

我做这类题目的一个小窍门是：先把各个选项的意思搞清楚，然后再去看正文，一边看，一边尝试着带如某个选项，再把这个选项与该段主旨句，邻近句子的细节相互对应起来，选择最恰当的一个。

说了这么多，关键还是自己去实践，做错了题很正常，无论如何一定要搞清楚自己为什么错了，思考命题人是如何设置“陷阱”来套自己的，而自己是犯了什么错误 才掉进去的，要如何做才能避开它。正是在总结自己错误的过程中，才能总结出自己的经验。这些偏向性，往往都是在发现错误的过程中显现的。 考试心得之三：翻译与写作部分

翻译，是一个与阅读理解关系密切的题目类型，由于时间关系，在此不做过多叙述。如果阅读能力不错，这部分自然也不难。我要提醒的是，翻译的句子的结构非常重要，希望有心的兄弟们把这些句式的结构，主要特征搞明白（综合起来，句式的种类并不是很多）。 主要讲如何来写作的。

写作放在试卷的最后，哈哈，这点可能蒙蔽了不少人的眼睛，要不怎么有那么多人都是在最后才去写作文呢？

写作有20分的分量，很重的。这部分题目给考生提供了最大的发挥空间。根据我的经验，很多考生不怎么重视这部分。而在整个试卷中，其他类型的题目答案基本都固定了，偏巧只有这部分的具体内容和结构可以由考生来自主决定，这可是个大好事啊，不利用起来实在是可惜了。

我在考试时，最先下手的就是写作，最后做的才是选择填空。因为我能在22分钟内，写出一篇高质量的作文，字数一般都在250以上。节省了大量的时间放在阅 读理解上，而最后做的选择填空题目，每个题目才0.5分，一分钟做4个都不成问题（即使是完全凭感觉），就是错了一半，对我也没多大影响，大量的时间花在 阅读理解上，值！！！ 前提是考试前一定要问监考的人员，是不是一定要按规定提前30分钟收答题卡。一般来说，是不会收的，我所经历的英语考试中，从来没有收过。

英语写作中，非常忌讳的是在各个段落中，所表达的意思没有一个主旨。换句话说，每个段落中的各个句子，一定要为一个确定的主旨服务；

同一个段落中，各个句的意思最好不要相互重叠，要说明一个意思，就一次说完，切不可有中断；

段落中，结构相同的句型最好只用一次，同一个词语也不可多用，要随时变化句型，词语多样化。 段落中，不同句子之间的相互衔接要自然，这涉及到写作前，你是否有一个明确的写作提纲，下边会讲这个问题的。 不同段落的侧重要清晰。

有不少人喜欢在考试前猜测题目，这个嘛，能猜到的可能性非常小。更多的人是担心出的题目我能不能有足够的素材去论述。没必要有这样的担心，写作的题目肯定 是大家都有一定了解的，比如说中科院近几年的写作题目：以前的工作经历对寻找新工作有作用吗？为什么大陆到现在也诺贝尔奖获得者？科研道德，最近的题目是 学生侮辱老师。 如何来写作？为了叙述方便，我在此把一篇高质量的作文分成三个阶段： 一是构造作文的轮廓；

二是在大的轮廓里填加支柱；

三是在支柱构成的空间内进行装饰，使得支柱更漂亮、生动。

如何来构造作文的轮廓？

我总结的有两种，一是三段结构，大约240词左右。第一段是总论，第二段是个人论点，第三段是总结。另外一种，是针对能力比较强，对语言使用非常熟练的， 四段结构，就是在第一种结构的

二、三段之间，表述自己的看法。270词左右。一般情况下，推荐使用保守的第一种结构，比较稳妥，而且也很为大家熟悉。（我 也只是在六级考试中，使用了四段结构，因为时间非常充分）。

如何在大的轮廓中填加支柱？

以三段结构为例，具体来说是：一扩展，二论述，三表述个人见解并总结。

一扩展：第一段，以扩展为主，就是对作文的题目进行具体化，联系到我们的社会实际中，初步表明你对作文题目所涉及问题的态度（是赞同，还是否定，或者过度 到下一段中，放在第二段第一句来说明）使得它有80个词左右。提醒一下：很多作文，即使题目完全不一样，扩展的筐架，甚至一些常用句型可以一样。

二论述：在这段中，要明确的给定几个理由，分析第一段所提问题的原因。一般来说就是三点（firstly, secondly, thirdly），每一点要观点清楚，表述完整。随后对这点理由进行自己的分析，论证该理由的正确性或者必要性。需要注意的是，这三点的字数不能相差太 大，基本都是30词以上，该段总起来大约110词左右。

三表述个人见解并总结：表述个人见解，实际就是对第一段所描述的问题给出解决办法（如果你觉得可以多写，就按四段结构），一般不分firstly, secondly, thirdly，采用两个句子说明就可以了，但这两个句子之间的衔接一定要做好。也可以对第一段所描述的问题进行评论，而不给出解决办法（如有可能，还可 以放在第二段中，看考生个人理解了）。在总结中，一个诀窍就是，一定要采用积极向上的表达方式，不可悲观失望，这个总结非常能代表你对题目的总体态度，对 阅卷老师也有一定的影响。切记：悲观的总结态度不可取。

下面以今年的作文题目（学生侮辱老师，你是怎么看待的）为例，大家看我是怎么来构造的：

（记的不是很清楚了，大体这样吧）

开卷之初，老师不让看内容，没关系，我就看一眼，把作文题目搞清楚了。心里在盘算着怎么来扩展第一段，怎么来构造第二段的三个观点，再怎么来总结）。 开卷后，我也想好了怎么作文大纲，就在草纸上写下了提纲：

1，扩展题目（心里这么想的：随着中国经济的飞速发展，财富的增加，社会也开始变化了，学生在学校里不尊重老师，辱骂老师的情况开始增多，甚至在“天之骄 子”的大学，这种情况也不少见。而在三十年前，这是不可想象的。不幸的是这种情况现在已露泛滥趋势，对我们国家的未来很有危害，因而成为广大社会个阶层关 注的焦点，分析这个现象，并找到其中根源就显得非常必要了。

2，在我看来，之所以出现这种情况有如下原因

a, 经济发展，人们生活富裕，即使没有好的教育背景，也可以过个好生活，所以对学历不大看重，对有些学生来说，不尊重老师似乎对未来没多大影响（之后可以举例，或者进一步论述…）

b, 现在的学校，尤其是中学和大学，越来越忽视对学生道德品质的教育，采取的措施不够，不能在发现苗头后就立刻制止，结果造成现在情况…..

c, 我们的老师，是不是也要为此负上一定责任呢？（是的，学生还小，有的不大懂事，但作为老师，要时刻注意个人形象，当学生为自己的朋友，尊重学生，引导学 生。经济飞速发展也让神圣的校园受到冲击，掌握一定知识的不少老师开始了社会兼职，只把少部分精力投入到教学中，引起学生不满…）

3，这种对社会具有很大负面影响的现象，我认为是暂时的（随着社会认识的深入，学校反省的力度加大…），因此我非常有理由相信不久的将来（这类不文明的情 况会越来越少，并最终在学校，学生，老师，社会等各个方面的努力下得到完满解决，我满怀信心的期待这这一天能早日到来。）

括号中的内容存在于大脑之中，有了这个简短的提纲做提示，再加上自己平时练就的句型，就能一气呵成，顺利的写到250字左右。恩，这里又提到了平时练就的 句型，不错，这就是平时积累的结果，我将在下边一一列出，大约有170多条吧。要写好作文，这些东西是最好用的武器。我经常在写作的时候，表达一个意思， 有好几种方式可以利用，往往为到底用哪一个最好而发愁。

这些句型大家一定要应用的非常熟练；

有了这些句型，在写作过程中，能有效的避免语法错误和词汇选用错误；

在考试前一个月里，每天把这些句型快速的抄写一遍，写作的时候很有效果；

在考试前一个月内，最好每天写一篇作文，时间就在25分钟内完成250字（题目自定，也可以是模拟题或以往的真题），写完后，以批判的态度给自己的文章挑毛病，不求最好，只求更好；

假设有两个人参加同一个考试，他们的作文完全一样，那么他们得到的分数也一定一样吗？？？这可不一定，因为写出来的作文卷面不一样，给评分老师的感觉不同，分数相差3分左右很正常。

因此，我强烈建议大家：

1，在写作的时候，一定要注意卷面整洁，作文当中不要出现涂抹的痕迹，写单词的时候，词汇之间要有足够的间距，词汇书写清晰，标点符号使用规范，写的作文 能让评分老师不费劲就能一看到底。呵呵，千万别忘记了，考试的时间一般都是气温比较冷，而我们这些考生习惯了用电脑，手写的少。如果能养成这个好习惯，写 作得19分是完全有可能的。 2，一定要写到250字左右，这也是一个窍门。当你写的字数大约就200字多一点的时候，评分老师有可能认为你的字数不够，那你可就亏大了。如果你写到了250字，错判的情况无论如何不会出现，而且老师会觉得你的写作水平很高，得高分是理所当然。 3，翻译，也存在类似的情况。

请注意，这些句型不是一成不边的，完全可以根据需要灵活处理 1.increase one’s chance of doing „„

2.couldn’t choose but do„..; Have no choice but do „„ 3.according to „..

4.what’s more important is that „„.5.cherish a deep love for „„..

6.it is too much of a good thing that „„ 7.run the risk of doing „„.8.due le to„„than to „„

9.find it is difficult not to do „„..10.still up in the air.11.swallow the bitter medicine it has prescribed for himself.12.an air man.13.move at a snail’s pace

14.pull the throne out of one’s eyes.

15.too impatient to wait to show his true color.16.sharpen the(one’s)competitive edge by doing „„ 17.spare no efforts to do „„ 18.frankly speaking „„

19.somebody have(has) the last say on something.20.swallow a bitter pill.21.if„„, „„.will not be the last.22.seeing is believing.23.original—flavored.24.learn from each other’s strong points to offset one’s own weaknees in cooperation.25.new initiatives unprecedented in the history of „„ 26.to do„„make no difference other than to do„„ 27.„„be hailed as„„

28.something should be carefully treasured.29.draw a blueprint for„„ 30.in the shadow of„„

31.it is no exaggeration to say that„„ 32.in response to „„

33.we will not hesitate to do„„at any price.34.should not only „„ but should also „„ 35.a racketing increase.36.open one’s arm to embrace „„ 37.date back.38.go from bad to worse.39.make joint efforts.40.keep rubbing salt to „„

41.„„ turn out to be the toughest nut to crack.42.specific to „„

43.give a shot in the arm to „„ 44.eat one’s own bitter pill.45.unremitting efforts.46.increase(reduce) by „„ to „„

47.the iue at the core of „„ is that „„ 48.an earth—shaking change.49.something, which „„, is regarded as secondary at best.

50.the rapid strides somebody has made in doing „„, may have„

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金214.75 币: 帖30 子: 流0 B 量: 注2007-11-23 册: 状离线 态: 专点击查看 辑: 51.as the new millennium draws near, „„ 52.it will grow with each paing day.53.keep a close eye on „„

54.in the ear of knowledge—based economy.55.reform and opening policies.56.fall victims to.57.put a brake on something.58.it make no difference other than to do „„ 59.be serious about doing „„ 60.„„ is an unparalleled wonder.61.„„, without a doubt, „„

62.„„.has mirrored the phenomenon that „„ 63.close relations with „..

64.maive and profound influence on „„ 65.he attach much importance to „„.66.he urged branches to step up efforts in granting loans to ensure a healthy development.67.foreseeable.68.people from different walks of life.69.overwhelming priority.70.it is believed to have a positive impact on „„ 71.start at the threshold of the new century.72.production of this machine will mark a new milestone in our cooperation.73.achievement only tell of the past.74.it is my sincere hope that „„ 75.we are moving in the 21st century.76.he likened the blast to earthquake.77.trans—century.78.take unprecedented initiatives in doing „„ 79.crystal clear.80.in the ear of knowledge explosion.81.we will have increasingly colorful and beautiful prospect.82.in the name of .83.something is in the basic interest of „„ 84.spiritual world.85.a variety of trees.Various trees.86.blue skies, cleaning water and beautiful surroundings.87.regard more as „„ than as „„ 88.I suggest the following action.89.to conclude ,as any tool the internet in itself is neutral, it can be used for good and bad purposes.90.it is up to sb to do sth.91.step—by—step approach.92.this thing make a new phrase in our life.93.the market, backed by the Chinese government, will achieve development.94.our investment in Chinese echoes the company’s strategy to adapt to the global changes.95.put „„ at a prominent place.

96.China is making every efforts to ensure steady and healthy development.97.to secure a firm foothold in the next century.98.Guanzhou is going all out to develop its industry.99.it is an unstopped tide of history.100.should strive hand in hand to do „„

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编辑 引用 举报该帖 注2007-11-23 册: 状离线 态: 专点击查看 辑: 101.„„ is conductive to „„ 102.make due contribution to.103.long—cherished dreams of prosperity.104.something means a lot more it appears.105.outstanding achievements.Painstaking(persistent)efforts.106.we have every reason to do „„

107.it is our unshakeable will to do „„

108.„„ become more and more important as time goes by.109.at this important historical moment.110.lift themselves out of poverty and backwardne.111.remove all obstacles and difficulties.112.work out a blueprint for „„

113.„..have far—reaching effects on „„ 114.„..is of epoch—making significance.115.turn a new page in my life.116.a clear—cut example.117.put somebody to the edge of bankruptcy, 118.under the rule of law.119.genetic engineering.120.a healthy cycle of development.121.the coming society will be a network civilization.122.make better—informed decisions.123.he couldn’t be called an artist in real sense.124.accumulate rich knowledge about „„ by doing „„ 125.my horizons was broadened by the Beijing trip.126.with „„,someone do have an edge over his competitor.

127.facing the sound conditions in China, the still throw stones at China like a blind man feeling a giant elephant.128.the report does mind taking the trouble to do „„ in a bid to do „„ 129.the key point at iue is that „„

130.the u.s.government must immediately put an end to do „„ 131.we also lag significantly behind coastal provinces.132.regarded „„ as nothing more than empty threats.133.exert one’s utmost efforts to do „„

134.with the sovereign integrity at stake, no cost will be too high.135.make unremitting efforts in further developing „„

136.no matte how rationally principled and beautifully worded.137.we should not be so hasty as to “kill the hen to get the eggs”.138.pay a higher, or even more tragic price.139.serve the interests of „„

140.we should cast our eyes on doing „„

141.this opportunity is one that should not be mied.142.no time can be lost in doing „„ 143.on the brink bankruptcy.144.„..will be a stimulus to further the city’s development.145.put much energy into „„

146.„„ become well—known domestically and internationally.147.have paved a smooth way for „„

148.„..is the precondition and basis for „„ 149.in its true sense.150.it is by no means a simple slogan for us to say that we „„

2007-12-12 14:47 \

151.play a constructive, positive role in doing „„ 152.we are moving in the direction of „„

153.our long—cherished dreams of prosperity and dignity are increasingly tangible in real life.154.it is unthinkable that „„

155.so long as they do not cease to develop this lethal weapon, the world peace is virtually unattainable.156.technology innovation is a must if we want to be succe in the market.157.it will become another turning point in our career.158.it is by no means a wise choice to do „„

159.we are faced with both opportunities and challenges as we are present with WTO membership.160.under current condition, I am facing the golden chance of further my study.161.bring something into full use.162.strengthen myself in an effort to make great achievement.163.he make a expensive mistake because of his heedlene.164.however, other people think otherwise.165.how to finance one’s college education has become a matter of concern for many.166.proved to be quite beneficial.167.add color to one’s campus life.168.very picky about their food.169.such an ambition will lead to nothing but a waste of time.170.in this fast changing world.171.be afraid of losing face.

第13篇：中科院考博英语

考博英语范文总结十篇

一、Television Program and Their Effect on children

Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children.Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child.Most programs can be claed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.

The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young.There are often specials on animal life.A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by streing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative.The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.

On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children.Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unneceary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy.All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could poib ly harden the child to violence.

Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs.A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.

二、―The younger generaton knows best‖

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were.The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true.It has never been truer than ti is today.The young are better educated.They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom.They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents.They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders.Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history.This is as it should be.Every new generation is different from the one preceded it.Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always aume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer.They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened.And this precisely what the young are doing.They are questioning the aumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency.They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all poible worlds.What they reject more than anything is conformity.Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery.Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obseed with mean ambitions and the desire to ama more and more material poeions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?

There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly.Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotle.Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance.Today, the situation might reversed.The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children.One of the biggest leons they could learn is that enjoyment is not ―sinful‖.Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life.It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions.It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future.This emphasis on the present is only to be expreed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation.This is their glorious heritage.Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?

三、How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities

With the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities.Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.

People have offered many solutions to this problem.I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical.The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc.in the overcrowded city.With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining.The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.

四、Public Transportation

As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China.I can illustrate some examples.

There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways.Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people.When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –reure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home.And travelers need special arrangements to go home.In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.

To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines.But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising.One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles.Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale.The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable. The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles.For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held.In this way, the preure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated.So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.

五、Human Education

The other day, a profeor from Peking University gave a lecture ―Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text‖.In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement.His opinion set us thinking that the lo of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.

With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth.In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit.At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion.On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society.It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation.Our times call for an ideal humane education.

It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole.Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation.Our attitude towards tradition should be ―discarding the dro and selecting the eence‖.The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education.It should start from primary school.In this way, our children will get educated so as to be poeed of a perfect personality.The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.

To sum up, we can find it badly neceary to build up an ideal humane education.We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.

六、Criticism on Television

A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren.A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema.But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.

For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago.In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.

The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children.The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important. A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents.In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reauring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life.There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.

In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as poible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs.When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.

七、he ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money

Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man.They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married.The young people’s parents shook their heads.―You can’t get married yet.‖ They said.Wait till you get a good job with good prospects.So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married.They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter.They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car.The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves.And so ends another modern romantic fable.

We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive.Our poeions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood.When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that succe is measured in terms of the money you earn.We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses.If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one.If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself.The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc. It is not only affluent societies that people are obseed with the idea of making more money.Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever.The wheels of industry must be kept turning.Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded.Cars get tinnier and tinnier.You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.

This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education.Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.Every course of studies must lead somewhere.i.e.to a bigger wage packet.The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.Tempting salaries and ―fringe benefits‖ are offered to them.Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the proce by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder.The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.

八、Communication and Language

One of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language.There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today.In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.

Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication.Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expreion and body movements such as gestures and change in body position.But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication.Sometimes, we ―say‖ more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.

Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication.Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites.Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending meage through the earth.The technology neceary to build these machines is very complex.But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.

九、Cooperation Goes with Competition

In our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world.Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind.It is poible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now.As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in busine.

Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges.From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others.This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal.It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation.Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.

十、he Rise of Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago.Now it is an ever-present part of discuions on research policies and directions.This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society.Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal. Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations.The number of U.S.patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995.The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small.In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most succeful pieces of economic development in recent history.It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.

Intellectual property terms have become vitally important.The company wants to be aured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors.But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and miion and will not agree to keep the project results secret.The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.

第14篇：考博英语作文实用

2018考博英语作文范文：白色污染问题现象与措施

1.开头(介绍背景)：先下定义，白色污染(white pollution)是随意丢弃塑料袋(disposal of plastic bags)，难以降解处理(hard to be decomposed in nature)，造成环境破坏：影响市容(destroy the look of city)，同时对人体有潜在危害(has hazards to human’s health)。

2.问题产生根源：居民为其方便(for the sake of convenience)，大量使用，造成不可逆转的污染(cause irreversible damage to environment)。

3.措施1：政府制定政策(make policies and regulations)，限制污染企业(place a limitation on the development of factories that pollute;

4.措施2：政府大力探索新材料(make an effort to seek new material)，用清洁环保材料代替(use environmental-friendly materials to replace old ones) ，既清洁又便利;

5.措施3：政府应做好民众的宣传(make known to people the danger of white pollution)，提高民众环保意识(raise the public awarene towards environmental protection)，比如多用环保袋去替代产生白色污染的塑料袋(encourage people to use reusable bags more);

5.结尾(号召)：解决白色污染问题不是梦，要考政府和民众的齐心努力(requires the collaboration of the government and the population)。

考博英语作文预测范文：出国后怎样保持自己的文化

1.第一段(背景)：留学大潮势不可挡(studying overseas has become an unstoppabe trend)，数据显示，中国海外留学生已经是全世界最多的(Chinese overseas students take up the most portion)，那么问题来了，如何保持自己的文化(maintain own culture)，不至于让自己的独特文化被同化(aimilation)、消失(extinction)

2.第二段(方法1)：多用自己的母语交流(to communicate with other in mother language) ，多关注国内的电视节目(pay more attention to own country’s TV program.

3.第三段(方法2)：主动在外国校园举办文化节宣传和交流自己国家的文化(organize activities aiming to introduce and exchange mother country’s culture)

4.结尾：保持文化多样性是每一个人应尽的职责(it is everyone’s obligation to keep the diversity of cultures)不能一味融入国外文化(fit into foreign culture)而忽视了本国文化的培育(turn a blind eye to mother country’s culture)

考博英语作文预测范文：传统文化保护与发扬

Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages

Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial.We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction.

如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。

我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存在的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。

According to UNESCO\'s Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be claified as intangible cultural heritages.As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages.Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity.Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootle and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.

按照联合国教科文组织2003年通过的《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的界定，各种社会习俗、民俗、

表演艺术、仪式、口头传统、节庆、传统手工艺、以及有关自然界与宇宙的知识与实践，全都可被纳入到非物质文化遗产的范畴。作为一个由众多族群构成的国家，并拥有悠久的历史与文明，中国有着极为丰富的非物质文化遗产。文化遗产将现代人与遥远的历史连接起来，使人们拥有某种文化和历史的认同感。如果没有文化遗产，我们的\"根\"便荡然无存。我们也无法去应对当下及未来的挑战。

However, the modernization proce poses mounting threats to intangible heritages.Many people have a blind faith in the latest electronic devices.It is also pathetic to see elderly people in poeion of such legacies pa away without transmitting them to the younger generation.Faced with those challenges, we should both preserve and renovate our ancestral heritages so that we can help contribute to the cultural diversity of the world and return to our spiritual homeland in this age of impersonal science and technology

然则，现代化进程正在对非物质文化遗产构成日甚一日的威胁。许多人盲目崇拜最新的电子产品。

另外，看着掌握非物质遗产的老者不断逝去，而无法将其留传给年轻的一代，实在令人痛心。面对这些挑战，我们对祖辈的遗产既要继承，又要创新，这样，我们才能促进世界的文化多样性，并在一个缺少人情味的科学与技术的时代，重返我们的精神家园。

考博英语作文预测范文：无车日有意义吗？

1.开头(介绍背景+你的观点)：无车日是政府为了号召大家绿色出行(low-carbon transport)而发起的活动(campaign)。目前随着经济发展，私家车拥有量飙升(the ownership of private cars is on the rise) ，对环境乃至对出行造成很大压力(pose a great threat to the environment as well as transportation)。我认为无车日没有意义(dose not make any sense)。

2.问题1：无车日影响了很多路途遥远的上班族(affects the life of commuters who have to go a long way to work)，给他们造成实际困难，抱怨的人很多(many are complaining about it)。

3.问题2：无车日不能从根本上解决问题(cannot solve the problem fundamentally)。无车日之后，又是很多人开车。

4.结尾(措施+升华)：还是应该从制度上解决(rely on the restraint from regulation)，比如征拥堵税(levy tax on traffic congestion)，人民的素质提升(an improvement in the population’s quality)不是靠一年中的一天两天，而是长期的过程。

考博英语作文预测范文：雾霾治理和环保

As is vividly depicted from the above picture，it seems to be astonishing and thought-provoking on second thoughts.The most eye-catching feature in the picture that imprees me profoundly is that incredibly even the pet dog wears a mask to prevent the terrible smog and haze.As a matter of fact, recent years has witneed a severe air-pollutionphenomenon triggered by automobile gas emiion and industrial exhaust, which will definitely bedisastrous to individual survival and personal development.

It goes without saying that the problem of hazy weather should be attached great importance to by the government and the consequences should be taken into profound consideration.To account for the above-mentioned air-pollution phenomenon, a couple of severe reasons should be pointed out.On the one hand , the severely polluted air industrial wastes have been pumped into the air, the lakes and rivers and an increasing number of automobiles crowd into the streets and produce the gas emiion.On the other hand, the widespread use of plastic bags and coal burning as well as the nationwide construction dust have been pumped into the air from time to time.

As a matter of fact, the smog and haze not only does harm to the lungs and noses but alsogives rise to horrible traffic accidents.In addition, no iue is as harmful as theenvironmental deterioration, which will be a potential threat to the survival of human beings that we are unwilling to see.Just according to a recent survey made by one Morning News, more than 40 percent of Chinese cities are suffering from the hazy weather per year.

As a result, it is eential that a couple of effective measures should be taken to prevent the environmental pollution.To start with, the local government should take more steps, such as closing the factories which produced too much industrial exhaust, planting more trees and develop more high-tech products so that air quality can be better and the weather can be more agreeable.In addition, the government should severely punish those who destroy the environment intentionally.Last but not least, it is urgent to limit the number of private cars in the urban cities and we should adopt the most cutting-edge technologies with a view to creating more energy substitutes instead of the petroleum.Only by the above-mentioned pragmatic measures can we enjoy better health and live a more comfortable life. 核心词汇：

smog and haze 雾霾

trigger 造成

thought-provoking 发人深思的

industrial exhaust 工业废气

potential threat 潜在的威胁

disastrous 灾难性的

the most cutting-edge technologies 最尖端的科技

witne 见证

with a view to doing sth 旨在做某事.

gives rise to 导致

account for 说明(现象、原因、理由等)

environmental deterioration 环境恶化

It goes without saying that 毋庸置疑的是 考博英语作文预测范文：应试教育的弊端

必背表达

培养cultivate

课余的extracurricular

填鸭式duck-stuffing

文凭热diploma craze

教学改革educational reform

学术的academic

创新学习innovative learning

高等教育higher education

假毕业证/文凭fake certificate/diploma

考研热the craze for graduate school

贫困学生poverty-stricken students

全体教员faculty

深造further one’s study

素质教育quality education

德才兼备 poe political integrity and profeional ability

提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality

适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly

努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progre2高分热文

教育-应试教育的弊端

On a tree sprout four branches, which are symbols of academic abilities(学术能力), practical abilities(实践能力), organization abilities(组织能力) and acting abilities(表演能力).A saw, a symbol of education, violently cuts down three branches, leaving the only one symbolizing academic abilities.

This picture illustrates a current problematic standard practice ineducation which strees only academic learning.High scores in examinations or rather academic succe is apparently the main pursuit by most students, parents and teachers.In china, a great educational background is always considered as a sure ticket to a lucrative career(有钱途的职业) and a succeful life.Children, consequently, are expected to go along the same growth path from a famous kindergarten to a good primary school to a key middle school and then hopefully to a well-known university.If a child shows no interest in traditional learning, even though he is talented in other fields, he will be considered as an idle person without big dreams and be severely punished.

This education principle was fruitful(有成效的) when university students were highly valued by the job market but no longer productive since the job market has greatly changed.The job market requires more than academic ability nowadays.People with admirable educational background will also fail because of lack of other abilities.There are many forms of abilities for a person, and we’d better strive for a balanced development

考博英语作文预测范文：怎样保证工作和生活的平衡？

1.开头(背景)：随着现代工作学习节奏很快(with the quickening of living tempo)，大家面临很大的压力，很多人工作到没有生活(many people live to work)。平衡工作和生活(the balance between work and life)成为了大家平时聚会讨论的热门话题(hot topic)。

2.措施1：规定自己不能把工作带到家中(do not bring work to home)，让自己确保陪伴家人的时间(maintain family time)。

3.措施2：规划好自己的工作(make a schedule of your work)，要有计划性，做好时间表(make a timetable)，提升工作效率(raise working productivity)，不要在工作的时间虚度光阴(never squander your time during the work)

4.结尾：工作是为了生活(work to live)，工作的辛苦为了过上更好的生活(for better life)。不要失去了这个初衷(mi this original idea)而本末倒置(put the cart before the horse)

考博英语作文预测范文：怎样使自己更有竞争力？

1.开头(背景)：现代社会竞争压力日益增大(with the increasingly fierce competition)，人们越来越需要提升自己的竞争力(competitivene)，否则就会慢慢被时代淘汰(be left behind the times)

2.第二段(方法1)：做中学(learn by doing)。社会发展加快，新生事物层出不穷(new things emerge one after another)，不要抵触新事物(do not resist the new things)，在不断尝试中让自己适应时代的变化(fit into the ever-changing society)

3.第三段(方法2)：做计划(promote your ability to make schedules)，提升时间使用的效率(raise efficiency of using time)，管理好自己的时间(have a good command of your time)

4.第四段(方法3)：加强执行力(strengthen executive ability)，有了好的想法不执行等于白搭(we should put a good idea into practice)

5.结尾：竞争力是一个人情商和智商的综合表现(comprehensive reflection of IQ and EQ)，大家要先反思自己的问题，然后在不断地试错过程(by trials and errors)中调整自己的心态(mentality)和努力方向(direction of efforts)。

考博英语作文预测范文：真人秀

范文

What emerges into our sights is a familiar yet far-reaching picture that there are a wide range of reality shows in front of a middle-aged man who, half lying on the sofa, is swinging a remote device in his hand with a confused face, wondering which one is the best to choose.

The meaning revealed by the picture is that reality shows have hit into our common cultural market.On the one hand, not only does this sort of consumer culture drives the improvement of cultural industry, but also it exerts a strong influence on our daily life, such as being informed of local customs and folklore from place to place, relieving the preure derived from our working cla’ regular work and so on.On the other hand, it is the wide spread of this form of entertainment that makes it difficult to present the real, cultural contents but only stays in the half-hearted nature.What’s worse, what the increasing imitative behaviors brings about, to a new high, is the national over-consumption.

As for me, the type of reality shows is a special product of the economic and social development that produces more benefits but le adverse impact.However, it is imperative for us, common people, to take a rational yet responsible attitude to the life we lead, especially the kind of activity we are obseed with.

考博英语作文预测范文：整形美容

【范文】

If given the choice, a great many people would change at least one aspect of their appearance.As is depicted in the drawing, a young lady is requesting a doctor to give her a straighter nose, bigger lips, smaller chin, slimmer figure, and so on.One option that has gained tremendous popularity in recent decades is plastic surgery, the branch of surgery dealing with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of body iue.

Firstly, one\'s appearance is the God\'s bleing, and has been one part of our body.After breast enlargement surgery, many women look sexier than before.However, many of them are found mammary gland disease.The more serious effect is that they risk being unable to breast feed.Secondly, the advocating for such a practice will mislead people in the judgment of beauty.The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content.It should include many virtues like honesty, diligence, and so on, which should be the real mainstream of our spiritual life.The practice and some contests about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop correct concept of beauty.

Concerning the above poible harms the practice may bring about, we are strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty.Besides, people, especially women, should lay more attention on the cultivation of their inner hearts.The inner beauty outweighs the outside beauty in the long run.

第15篇：考博英语万能作文

考博英语万能作文模板

（1）不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no

exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

（3）答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

（5）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the

table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing

from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

（6）实用性写作（申请信 )

Your addre

Month, Date, year

Receiver\'s addre

Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in ....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand, ....On the other hand, ....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and succe.

Sincerely yours,

X X X

开头万能公式：

1．开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）

更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

结尾万能公式：

1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politene and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？

第16篇：考博英语复试(MBA)

1、What can you tell me about yourself？（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）

这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA.下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。”

In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student， I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important， but for me， it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I„m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.医

学 全在线

2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）

你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。你可以事先和其他的MBA交流一番。问问他们在毕业后在公司的头5年都做了些什么。可以这样回答：“我希望能在我的职位上尽力做好工作，由于在同一领域工作的许多人都被提为区域负责人，所以我亦有此打算。”

I hope to do my best I can be at my job and because many in this line of work are promoted to area manager， I am planning on that also.

3.What is your greatest strength？（你最突出的优点是什么？）

这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题，这是你“展示自己”的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。如可答：“我认为我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。当做完一件工作而其成果又正合我的预想时，我会有一种真正的成就感。我给自己定了一些高目标。比如说，我要成为出色的毕业生。尽管在大学一年级时我启动慢了些，但最终我以优等论文完成了学业。”

I feel that my strongest aet is my ability to stick to things to get them done.I feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out just as I„d planned.I‟ve set some high goals for myself.For example， I want to graduate with highest distinction.And even though I had a slow start in my freshman year， I made up for it by doing an honor„s thesis.

4.What is your greatest weakne？（你最大的弱点是什么？）

你不应该说你没有任何弱点，以此来回避这个问题。每个人都有弱点，最佳策略是承认你的弱点，但同时表明你在予以改进，并有克服弱点的计划。可能的话，你可说出一项可能会给公司带来好处的弱点，如可说：“我是一个完美主义者。工作做得不漂亮，我是不会撒手的。”

I„m such a perfectionist that I will not stop until a job is well done.

5.How do you feel about your progre to date？“（对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看的？）

绝不要对你以前的所作所为表示内疚。如可答：“我认为我在学校表现不错。事实上，有好几门功课我的成绩居全班第一。在某公司实习时，我获得了该公司数年来给予其雇员的好几项最高评价。”

I think I did well in school.In fact， in a number of courses I received the highest exam scores in the cla.As an intern for the X Company， I received some of the highest evaluations that had been given in years.

二、其他常见问题

6.Why did you choose peking university？

7.Why did you choose MBA？

8.What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？

9.What has been your greatest accomplishment？

10.Describe your greatest strengths and weaknees.

11.What have you learned from the jobs you have held？

三、行为面试问题（Sample Behavioral Interview Questions）：

12.Describe the best/worst team of which you have been a member.

13Tell me about a time when your course load was heaviest.How did you get all of your work done？

14.Give me a specific example of a time when you sold someone on an idea or concept.

15.Tell me about a time when you were creative in solving a problem.

16.Describe a time when you got co-workers or clamates who dislike each other to work together.

17.Tell me about a time when you made a bad decision.

四、压力面试问题（Sample Stre Interview Questions）：

18.What kinds of people do you find it difficult to work with？

19.What are some of the things you find difficult to do？

20.How would you evaluate me as an interviewer？

21.What interests you least about MBA？

22.How do you handle rejection？

23.What is the worst thing you have heard about our school？

24.See this pen I„m holding.Sell it to me.

五、案例面试问题（Sample Case Interview Questions）：

25.A chain of grocery stores currently receives its stock on a decentralized basis.Each store deals independently with its suppliers.The president of the chain is wondering whether the firm can benefit from a centralized warehouse.What are the key considerations in making this decision？

A magazine publisher is trying to decide how many magazines she should deliver to each individual distribution outlet in order to maximize profits.She has extensive historical sales volume data for each of the outlets.How should she determine delivery quantities？

六、非常规问题：

26.It is the 15th Century.How do convince the Pope that the Earth is round？

27.If I gave you an elephant， where would you hide it？

28.Why are soda cans tapered on the top and bottom？

29.How much RAM does a PC need to run Windows95？

30.You are in a boat on a fresh water lake.In your hand is a rock.You throw the rock into the lake.How is the lake„s water level affected？

31.If it rained music， what would grow？

32.Describe your best friend and what he or she does for a living.

33.In what ways are you similar or different from your best friend？

34.What are your career„s strengths and how do you capitalize on them？

35.Are you a happy person？

36.According to JRM， Jr.， a fast growing software company asked this question…… You have a wealthy aunt who weighs 300 pounds.Tell me how you would redesign her toilet.

七、其他常见的英语面试问题：

37.Would you please make a brief introduction about yourself？

38.Why did you take the MBA examination？ Would you please say something about the currently MBA program in China？医.学.全.在线

39.Why do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA？ Tell me a little about RENMIN University form your understanding.

40.How do the people around you review MBA？

41.What„s the difference between MBA program at home and abroad？

42.If you failed this time what will you do in the near future？

43.Why do you want to be a part of MBA students？

44.Why do you think you are qualified for MBA program？

45.Do you have a career plan in 5 years？

46.Do you have a study plan if you were accepted as a MBA student？

47.What„s your opinion about the requirement that a MBA student must have working experience？

48.How do you define marketing or management？

49.Do you think English is quite important in MBA study？ Why？

50.Do you think MBA training courses will help you a lot in your future life？ Why？

51.What do you want to do after your MBA study？

52.What is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have？

53.Say a little about teamwork.

54.Say a little about management.

55.How communication works in organizations？

56.Tell me the relationship between the management and management theory.

57.What will you do if you can„t find a job？

58.Do you think that the economy will get better？

59.Who are you currently employed with？

60.What kinds of opportunities are you looking for？

61.What is your biggest accomplishment on the job？

62.What joy did you enjoy the most and why？

63.What would your former bo say about you？

64.Why did you leave your last job？

65.Please tell me a little about your working history？ What kind of fields？

66.Say a little about your educational background.

67.What are your strengths and weakne？

68.What do you do in your spare time？

69.What is your impreion of Beijing？

70.What is CFO？ If you were a CFO， what would you do？

71.What is the difference between sales and marketing？

72.What do you think is the most important as a manager？

在面试快结束的时候，一般考官都会问，你有没有什么要问的。除非你是最后一个面试者，你明显感到所有的考官都急切的想离开，一般不适合说“I don„t have any question.”可以问考官一两个你关心的问题（Questions you should ask the recruiter）：

73.What changes do you anticipate in our school？（你希望我们学校会有些什么样的变化）

74.Which is the best course in our school？ （什么课程是我们院最好的课程）

75.does our school provide some guidance of job to MBA？

最后可以说：Thank you for giving me the chance.I hope to see you again and soon.（谢谢您给我机会，我希望很快能再见到您。）

Thank you for giving me the chance to interview and it is my pleasure to introduce myself to you.My name is LiFeng.I major in ……and I will graduate from the……..Medical University in July, 2006.Hope a chance to work and develop in your department.

During the past three years, under the strict guidance of my tutor, profeor ……in college of ………, I have learned systematically the theory of profeion and got the basic manipulative skills about ……..With the help of my supervisor, I have succefully finished the subject “……… ” and grasped some experimental skill , such as cell culture, DNA extraction and other molecular biology technique; abstraction, separation, …....

I paed the CET band 6 test in2002, after that, I tried my best to learn Medical English and mastered a lot of profeional vocabulary.I am good at listening, speaking, reading and writing..I can manipulate computer proficiently and master Microsoft Office software, also be familiar with SPSS and Photoshop, etc.

During three-year study in research, I studied hard and strived for excellence in our field.I benefit from working together with excellent colleague.I developed quality of diligence, responsibility, kindne and honesty.My internship in college of …..could qualify me for this job, and I believe I can be fit for the position quickly.I am looking forward to working in your department.If I am admitted, I will be thankful and try my best to work for you.

第17篇：考博英语神攻略

考博英语复习攻略

学员在进行考博复习的时候，刚开始是充满激情的，但随着时间的推移，所遇到的困难、挫折越来越多，同时考博大多是个人行为，很少有结伴而行的，所以更容易产生孤独感，从每年的经验来看最后真正进入博士考场的同学已经不到当初报名的五成了。

考博很难吗？是的，但绝对不是遥不可及的！只要你有坚定的考博信念，只要你选择好正确的学习方法，只要你找到和你一起奋斗的伙伴，你就能成功！

考博英语复习中的挑战与误区：

考博英语复习中首先会面临三个挑战：

第一，基础问题。如果你是应届生立志考博，连贯的学习使你有自己独特的学习方法，但考博英语所需的7000～8000的词汇量还是很多学员需要下大力气去完成的。而如果你是在职人员考博，你所需要付出的辛苦和努力将会更多。

第二，三无问题。考博学员在英语复习上面临着——没有大纲、没有统一教材、没有量化的词汇表——这样的三无问题，就使学员复习变得比较茫然。

第三，复习方法问题。好成绩源自好方法，走出题海战术，走出背字典误区，是你在有限时间内完成全部复习计划所必须注意的。

考博英语的四个误区：

其一，题海战术，而非多思多想（忽略了基础）。很多学员都知道以测带练是非常好的学习方式，所以一头扎进题海中从不回头。但这往往是个误区，因为你忽略了最为重要的基础复习。

其二，复习做题用眼不用手。只用眼睛去做题不能完全理清题目的考察方向，使解题思路受到限制。

其三，复习当中勤换书。复习中老是换参考资料，这对自己的复习是最大的损害。

其四，对真题不认真不重视。对待目标学校考博真题做的马马虎虎，不认真思考。这是大忌。

各大名校考博英语的区别：

通过对各个名校历年考博英语试题的研究，除北京大学以外，其它学校的考博试题有90％的相似性（包括题型、各题型所占分数），难度基本在同一水平线

上。

其中出题题型有差异的是：人民大学、政法大学取消了听力题，加入了英汉互译题型。北京师范大学没有作文题，取代的是文章缩写。北京大学英语题型比较特殊，和其它学校没有可比性。

考博英语复习方法：

好成绩来自好方法，那我们用什么方法进行复习？

向大家推荐点—面结合复习法

面：解决词汇、阅读、写作等方面的复习。

词汇复习上因为没有统一的大纲和标准量化的词汇列表，所以要说提供一家100％通用的词汇手册是没有可能的。不过有一些比较实用的词汇书可以向大家推荐：中科院编制的《考博词汇速记》，里面有8000多个词汇，是非常不错的考博词汇用书，受到北大、清华多名教授的推荐。

词汇记忆方法推荐采用两种：

一、群狼效应法：

二、环境效应法：结合阅读来记忆词汇

阅读复习在考试前至少要通读100～200篇300字以上的文章，只有量的保证才能真正质的提高。同时应试阅读是有技巧的，我们要做到五点精读！

一、文章第一段要精读（第一段太长时重点看前三句）；

二、每段中首句要精读；

三、表示例子的句子要精读；

四、表示转折的句子要精读；

五、有引号、括号、大写词的句子一定要精读。

阅读复习的误区是：做题越难越好，数量越多越好。

难度大的作文就是生词多，做文章只要难度适中就可以，因为考试中的题目难度大多数就是中间难度。而在数量上只要有100～200篇真个范围内就可以了，不用太多，因为那是在浪费你的时间。

写作复习主要是掌握两点：

一、掌握十种句型，300个句子和背诵30篇范文。因为作文最根本的是长句，首先要背好相应的长句，然后再背诵相应的范文。当然如果能得到一些老师的应试指导效果会更好。

二、在考试中应用三段式作文形势，不可分段太多，也不能少于三段，三段式给判卷老师以简洁有条理的印象。

点：做套题，包括真题和模拟题。

目标学校的历年真题非常重要，这是出题老师最主要的出题依据，从中能揣摩出很多老师的出题思路，所以需要重点攻克。如何重点攻克呢？

首先，要用实战状态做题，也就是三个小时的模拟应试，做完后不要看答案；第二天再用三个小时做同一张卷子，做完后还是不要看答案；第三天再重复前两天的工作，当这份卷子做三遍后，就可以看答案了，然后对比这几天的做题成果，看看是因为什么原因做对与做错。仔细分析错体，找到错因，揣摩出题思路。

其次，要做最近三年的目标学校真题，因为出题老师主要参考的就是最近三年的真题。

最后，做3～5套模拟题，熟悉做题过程，检验自己的应试水平。

考博英语做题攻略

1、题型 由于考博英语试题由各招生单位自己独立命题，所以不同院校的考博英语试题题型风格不尽相同。就题型而言，一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。很多院校初试不再考听力，而在复试通过口语形式考查。但有些院校仍在初试考查听力，甚至很重视听力分数。有些学校还有改错题，应用文，甚至其他题型。少数院校不考作文，但翻译比较长。很多院校主观题的分数所占比重都较高，占1/3甚至1/2比重。

2、难度

考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力，所以其难度不能简单与其他考试比较。但一般来说，考博英语试题的难度约相当于大学英语六级，但少数院校比六级难，有些院校甚至只相当于四级水平，甚至同一院校不同年份的难易程度也迥异。这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范，往往因出题人不同而有区别。所以，报考相应院校的考生一定要看一看该院校近年的考博英语真题。

3、词汇 保守估计，考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有

多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。长期关注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而如上文所述，是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。英语说到底还是个水平问题。

4、语法

大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。这也不怎么花费时间。

5、阅读 可以做一做对应院校的考题，也可做一做考研阅读真题、大学英语六级真题，有些院校考博英语试题选自考研真题原题、六级真题原题。

6、翻译 英译汉相对来说比较好做，但不好得分。相反，汉译英虽然看起来难，但往往容易得分。所以应该多准备。

7、作文 一般都是命题作文，即给定题目写一篇200~250词的议论文。作文应当认真准备。这是容易得分也容易失分的项目。

笔者常常听到许多考生参加完博士生入学英语考试后摇头叹息：“明明我看懂了全文也仔细斟酌了题问和选项，可阅读理解为什么还是错的一遢糊涂？”有的甚至仰天长叹：“路漫漫其修远兮，吾将痛苦而求索？”呜乎哀哉，其原因在几何？

不过笔者这里面对的是90%以上的普通考生，这些特例基本上是靠运气的一种赌博，笔者从不赌博，笔者只希望每位考生能够真正把成功牢牢握在手里。所以说真正看懂全文才是实力的体现和满分的基础。

其次，也有的考生的确看懂了全文却分数不高，笔者认为其中的原因也有两方面，一是缺乏阅读的技巧，虽然看懂了但真正作起题来却还是拿不定主意，结果既耽搁了时间又影响了心态，而心态有时候在考试中起着至关重要的作用。二是缺乏对考博阅读理解特殊性的认识，所以他们往往一不小心就落入了一个个陷阱当中，身陷泥潭不能自拔。

这两方面都是本书要重点解决的问题：真正让实力高者无怨无悔，让实力庸者扬眉吐气。

楔子二：阅读理解模拟题的选择

①对市面上阅读理解模拟题的分析： 市面上关于英语阅读理解的辅导书如前所述多如过江之鲤，但是真正有用的有多少呢？不可否认，这些辅导书对于提高阅读理解水平的作用是不用置疑的，但是现在问题的焦点并不是在于是否对于提高阅读的实力有帮助，而是对于研究生英语阅读理解的考试是否有立竿见影的

效果。只有立足于考博，并根据考博的实际情况制定的阅读资料才有可能对考博的英语阅读理解有直接的帮助，否则就是误人子弟了。

对于市面上的阅读理解辅导书，笔者以为大致有以下两个方面的致命伤：

一、在提供的短文中无缘无故的加大超纲单词量

有不少参考书都是这样，为了表示这本书的难度很大，于是在短文中加入大量的超纲单词，单词本来就是英语的基础，所以从表面上来看，的确短文的难度很大。实际上呢？这不过是一种虚假的表项罢了，考生的时间本来就很有限，现在却要花费大量时间背记超纲单词，而一旦看不懂全文又极大的打击了自己的自信心，从功利主义的原则来看，这绝对是得不偿失的。

有用的东西才是有价值的东西。如果一个单词对于考博英语没有任何帮助，那它就是毫无意义的。更何况，99.9%的考生一直到考前也不能完全熟记单词大纲上的所有单词的所有意思。好钢要用在刀刃上，而不是浪费在超纲单词上。

也许有的考生会说，通过超纲单词的熟悉可以扩大知识面，提高英语语感，对于研究生考试也是有帮助的。但现在的关键不是是否有帮助，而是你是否用了最小的成本取得了最大的成果。如果你时间多的用不完，精力也多的用不完，把整本词典背下来岂不是更好？

二、题问的设置和题项的选择太过简单，和真题相差太远市面上许多参考书所用短文的选择项都是如此，题问和题项都毫无技巧，基本上是“看懂全文就能作对所有答案”，这也是这些参考书为什么要用大量超纲单词从表面上加大难度的原因。

也许他们忘了，目的是通过研究生英语这一特殊的考试，而不是全面提升读者的阅读水平。 而考博英语最大的特征就是“既使你看懂了全文也可能作不对任何一道题”，既使是1995的一篇简单的短文“谈人的成长是一个过程”其题项设置之巧妙令诸多英语高手头痛欲裂，文章很简单，但题问和选项设置有太多陷阱，据笔者自己的经验和对其他成功者的调查，几乎没有人在第一次做本文的时候全对的。这就是考博真题和市面上许多模拟题最本质的区别。

也正只有从考博真题分析入手才能够真正洞悉其中的真谛！

②为什么一定要用考博历年真题？ 原因很简单，既然要搞定考博英语，当然要对她进行全面了解，而历年真题正是最好而且是唯一的途径，然后从中总结经验、挖掘规律，有的放矢而不是泛泛而论，最终使自己洞查她的一切资料，临考时才真正能做到胸有成竹。

其次，考博英语和其他任何英语考试不同，有她自己的规律。比如说题问和题项暗藏有太多的陷阱等等。如前所述，考博的真题都是众多专家苦思精研出来的结果，其实际难度之高绝非单个人所编写的辅导资料所能比，更何况真题就是

权威，既使其他辅导参考资料再“牛逼”也得围绕真题来设计并尽量来模仿真题。所以，考生们必需去研究她，关注她，围绕她来安排自己的追求计划。

笔者也见到了太多的考博学子居然没有作一篇考博阅读理解真题，整日里抱着一大堆辅导书狂作，结果一上考场才发觉真正的试题完全不是那么会事儿，一口鲜血涌到了喉头又生生的咽了回去。

当然也有考生自我感觉良好，结果一下考场和高手一起讨论顿时脸如死灰，他们到死也不信自己基本上看懂了全文却一道题也没有作对。

③一天到底作多少篇阅读理解最好？

笔者曾经采访过两个考生，一个考生一天做十五篇阅读理解，另一个考生一天做两篇阅读理解，结果呢，前者考取了中国人民大学的研究生，后者考取了北京航空航天大学的研究生。

也许从表面来看，每天十五篇阅读理解对于普通人来说实在是太多了，而每天才两篇的阅读理解又实在是太少了。但是考博永远只有结果，没有如果，更没有过程。他们都获得了成功。

其实抛开这表面的数量之争，我们来看两名考生的实际英语实力，任何分析离开了实际都是毫无意义的。人大的考生英语六级考了86分，对于他来说，他做阅读理解的目的是为了取得英语水平的全面突破，由于他的词汇量远远超过考博大纲规定的六千单词量、语法基础也极为扎实，所以他是通过这种广泛的阅读来提升英语水平而不仅仅是针对考博英语这一单独的水平。据他所说，后来真题、辅导书上的所有题都被他做完了，最后实在找不到阅读理解的短文只得每天看英文报纸“充饥”。

那位北航的考生只过了英语四级（69分），六级没过，由于他的英语基础不好（和那位人大的不可同日而语），所以一方面他在补习英语词汇、语法的同时，阅读理解只用真题，他每天做的很慢，两篇阅读理解包括做题、分析、精读、背诵至少需要两个小时以上，不过据他所说的确收获很大，临上考场的时候真的有一种已洞悉考博英语秘密的自信。

临场结果：人大的考生英语81分，北航的考生74分。

这样就有一个极其重要的问题提出来了，对于绝大多数考生来说（即实力一般的考生），每天到底做多少篇阅读理解为好？

④题量不够怎么办？

既然选定了考博英语阅读理解的对象——真题，有确定了每天的题量大约是三到五篇，那么另一个问题就凸现出来，因为考博真题从1986年到2004年一共也不过才

八、九十篇阅读理解，如果按每天三篇的速度不到一个月、而按每天五

篇的速度只需要半个多月就可以把所有真题过一遍。这是不是说题量太少了？

不错，题量的确是太少了。不过如前所述，复习永远比学习更重要，如果要精读并从中洞悉考博英语阅读理解的秘密，你至少需要重做两遍考博真题。试想想，每年该有多少考生挤到这座独木桥上，据大致估计，2001年研究生的报名人数是四十八万，2002年是六十万，2003年是七十四万，2004年是九十万。尽管有越来越多的学子投身其中，可为什么大多数考生还是败在了英语上面？这本身就说明英语阅读理解绝不是一看就明白的“蹩脚货”，而恰恰是需要反复琢磨才能了解其真是内涵的珍玉。

正如前述的北航考生一样，他每天的两篇阅读理解真题的确是太少了，可他真正把每一篇都完全吃透了，复习到后来他甚至能够背诵下1995年以后的所有阅读理解考题。正是这种目的性、针对性极强的练习使他顺利通过了英语这一关，他的英语成绩远远好于许多六级通过者考生的成绩。

不过对于一些时间充裕，方法得当的考生来说，历年的真题的确显得是少了点，不过到了这个节点的时候千万不要去做那些用大量超纲单词堆砌出来的所谓难度较高的模拟题，这时一个明智的选择就是选用六级考试的历年真题，毕竟这是目前最接近于考博英语难度的正规试题了。

历年考博阅读真题加上历年六级阅读真题足够所有准备考博学子练习了，而且立竿见影，有百利而无一害。

⑤考前要不要作自测题？

这也是一个极其重要的问题，尤其对于大多数没有达到六级优秀的考生来说。这里所说的自测题是市面上见到的许多要求在考前十天甚至五天作的所谓有可能押到题的“最接近真题的测验题”。考博网8h 首先得澄清一个问题，那就是市面上的任何自测题永远不可能押中当年的考试真题，因为官方随时都有人监控市场的动向，如果连我们这些普通老百姓都能搞到这方面的资料，那他们岂不是更容易？既使一旦发现有可能押中的题目，考试中心会立刻从题库中更换一套试题。所以说，天上永远都不可能掉下馅饼，也永远不要指望天上掉馅饼。

既然自测题在实际上不可能押中真题，那么我们再来看看它到底有什么价值？因为大多数自测题和真题的难度相差太多，所以它往往会加大超纲单词量，这样就只得造成两种结果：

一是分数很高，连作几套题阅读都是满分。而到了考场上一看才知道难度远远超过那些自测题，考生立刻就会从盲目自信变得方寸大乱，紧张之下绝对会大大影响水平的发挥；

二是一看满篇都是不认识的单词，一套题作下来，阅读得分还不到一半。这样的结果将会极大的打击你的自信心，认为自己还复习不到家，而现在临考时间所剩无己，不得不打乱自己的复习计划重新安排，无疑这将大大影响临场的状态。

所以说，一旦制定了一个周详的计划就要坚持到底，不要被外界的因素所影响。越到临考，越要以复习为主，至于那些自测题，无论是作者出于押题目的的还是为了其他的目的（如MONEY）还是不要作的好。因为无论你自测的分高还是分低，都对考试没有实际意义。

堕肢体，黔聪明，离形去知，同于大通，此谓“坐忘”。与其是尧而非桀也，不如两忘而化其道。

——《庄子·大宗师》

万一山川大河都陷了，毕竟这理还在。

——朱熹《四书集注》

①考博阅读理解有规律吗？

当然有规律。

根据唯物主义的辩证法，有结果必有原因，有原因必有规律。只要把握住考博阅读理解考试中的规律，就可以拿到高分甚至满分。

任何东西都有规律，尤其是这种磨难了千万学子的研究生英语考试。你想想看，为什么这么多学子都在她面前栽了跟斗？这其中的原因说复杂也不复杂，说简单也简单，那就是缺乏正确的理论作指导。

“大海航行靠舵手，干革命靠毛泽东思想。”——我个人是很敬佩毛泽东的，因为他本身就是一种传奇、一种神话。干任何事情、包括人生都需要一种正确的理论来指导，考博也是如此，在思想上解决了问题之后，就是要了解考博阅读理解的文章选材、题问设计有什么规律性的东西，越是难度高的东西越有规律可循，这也是为什么许多英语基础差的学子在考博英语中反而比那些英语基础好的学子考的分更高的原因。一旦你掌握了这些规律之后你就会有一种豁然开朗的感觉，心灵的感觉就犹如佛光普照“悟道”了。

文章选材是表面的东西，近年的考博阅读理解选材偏重于科普及纯文艺的科研文章或小品文，一句话，以前那种三段式一眼就能够抓住文章中心思想的文章现在已经完全看不到了。而现在市面上许多参考资料还在拿这类短文配以大量超纲单词来愚弄芸芸考子，何其可怒？

考博英语阅读理解真正的规律性隐藏于题问和题项的设置上，所谓“山重水复疑无路，才知乱花迷人眼”，多少学子倒在前进的山路上，这也正是本书要揭示的真理。

②在阅读理解中把握“真我”

“真我”的意思很好理解，就是人的理性。因为人和动物区别的唯一标志就是理性，在考博中首先一定要把握住“真我”，因为这是考试的前提。真我既包

括实际的英语知识，也包括从报刊、新闻、网络等渠道理解到的关于西方社会的背景资料，因为英语学到了一定程度，要想更进一步提高英语水平就必需了解西方社会的背景资料，更何况考博英语的所有短文都取自西方社会，有的主题本来就是当前的热点问题，如近几年考的“安乐死”、“人工智能”、“克隆”等话题，如果没有足够的背景知识的支持，要想完全理解短文的主题及所有细节是非常困难的。

③什么是“忘我”？

道家有一句话“物我两忘”，用在考博英语阅读理解的考试中也有可取之处。“忘我”的意思不是要忘记我是谁而是要忘却“真我”，即在答题的过程中忘记自己的英语常识以及西方社会的背景知识，真正做到“心在题中，心不在我中”。 这也是考博英语阅读理解的一个极其重要的规律：理解短文的时候必需根据自己的英语常识和背景知识进行判断推测，但答题时却必须忘却这一切，天上地下唯文章的直接依据是真理。

也许也有些不好理解，我来举一个简单的例子：

题问：新闻自由的目的是什么？

选项A：为了监督执政党是否廉洁

选项B：为了更好的表达基层百姓的心声

选项C：促进精神文明的发展，建设民主政治

选项D：为了电脑商的利

既使你凭自我的英语水平及背景知识已经完全看懂了全文，但遇到这种选择项的时候你的“真我”意识还是自觉不自觉的要跳出来影响你，因为选项

一、选项

二、选项三实在太有道理了。所以你就会斟酌再三，相比较而言觉得选项三的立意更高，所以就选择了她。

结果的答案令人大跌眼镜，答案是选项四“为了电脑商的利益”，因为这篇短文虽然也提到了民主与自由，但主旨却是利用新闻自由的强大舆论压力迫使政府采取措施打击电脑盗版，保护电脑商的利益。所以说，答案是从短文出的，而不是从“真我”出的，答案既不能多走一步，也不能少走一步，这也是更一个重要的考博原则。

具体的分析笔者会在后面完全剖析。

④中道——“真我”与“忘我”的应试之道

“中道不是善恶之间的居中者，它本身就是善，就是真理。”对于考博英语阅读理解最重要的原则，或者说总纲就是要把握住“真我”与“忘我”的中道，将这一原则贯彻始终，这样才能从根本上超越考试本身。同样的，在这个总则的指引下，了解阅读理解大大小小的规律性的东西，这样才能从质的方面产生飞跃，真正有信心也有能力在阅读理解的考试中拿到满分。

把握这样一个中道很重要的一点就是不要在不恰当的时候运用不恰当的形式，比如说在通读全文的时候一定要根据主体的英语背景知识推断生词以及复杂长句的意思，而在作题的时候却一定要抛弃自己的常识完全以客体为主。当然技巧的运用也贯穿于作题的过程中，不过技巧就是规律性的再现，所以一定站在高屋建瓴的高度上把握“真我”与“忘我”的中道，这样既使没有得到满分，准确率也一定很高。——单纯凭技巧判断的结果很可能要么全对，要么错得惨不忍睹，毕竟考博不是赌博，没有任何人敢拿自己的青春赌博。

佛说：“自性本具自足；我法二空、一切唯识。”就是说凭自己的能力完全可以洞悉考博英语阅读理解的真谛，但是如果走向了两个极端，那么后果也是很可怕的。

一个极端是完全以“真我”覆盖一切导致的选项误区；另一个极端是完全“忘我”导致的阅读艰涩。相比较而言，也通过笔者对大量考生的采访，第一种情况在考生中是极为普遍的，人们很容易被自己的理性判断所控制，而英语试题组出题的目的本身就是利用无关选择项扰乱考生的正常思维，并人为设置种种陷阱，既使那些英语高手如果不能把握住这一原则，同样也可能马失前蹄，跌的头破血流。

二、先文后题还是先题后文——“习惯是人生的伟大指南”

①阅读流程分类

对于英语阅读理解到底采用什么样的阅读流程更有效，这是许多考博学子十分关心的问题，大致说来，目前流行的阅读流程分为三类：

第一种：先看完全文再看题问和选择项，一气呵成

第二种：先看题问和选择项再看短文，看完短文后再做题。其实这种方法也分两种，一种是只看题问不看选择项，即大致看看问题，然后带着问题再看短文；另一种是将题问和所有选择项看完，再看短文。

第三种：先主题再题问后全文，就是说先看懂大短首位句或短文第一段，大致明了文章的主题，在明了主题的情况下再看题问和题项的大致设置，最后带着问题通读全文。

②对三种阅读流程的比较和分析

任何方法都有利弊，选择的原则只是在权衡利弊之后选择最适合自己的方法，上述三种方法也是如此，我们逐一来分析：

第一种先文后题法：优点是能够迅速明了全文的主题脉络，缺点是一旦遇到题问中不熟悉的判断不得不返回到短文中取寻找依据，费时费力，这种方法在笔者调查的成功考生中使用并不多见。

第二种先题后文法：其中的只看题问不看选项法优点是节约时间，而且不影响阅读速度，缺点是由于不看选项，对于细节题的把握没有预期，同样要返回短文查找；其中的全部看完题问和选项再看短文的优点是明了全文线索，有很好的语境预期，缺点就是太费时间，影响阅读速度。

第三种先主题后题再文法：优点是能够明了主题，能够迅速进入状态；缺点是有的文章不容易一下子抓住主题，尤其是段数很大的文章，这也是现在考博阅读理解选用的短文的趋势之一：就是段数越来越多，传统的三段式短文已经越来越少了。

可见世间永远没有完美的东西，除了至善至美的上帝。任何东西都是暇玉互现的，关键在于自己的把握。

③选择你最称手的工具

笔者曾经采访过一个考取北京邮电大学的研究生，他英语考了75分，阅读理解38分，他用的却是现在大多数人不再用的“先文后题法”，据他自己说：明知道大家都认为这种方法有缺陷，可他从高中到大学一直就习惯了这种“笨办法”，反而觉得对这种方法特有感觉，准确率也挺高。

不过据笔者的调查，由于这种方法存在着巨大的缺陷，所以根据“时间最少利益最大化”的原则，笔者推荐还是不要使这种方法为好，除非自己习惯了这种方法，对这种方法情有独钟。

至于“先主题后题再短文”的方法，如前所述，现在考博的大多数短文都无法在第一段或是大段首尾句把握主题，所以很容易带来的一个后果就是既浪费了时间又没有太大收获。更何况这种方法作为“先文后题”和“先题后文”的一个中间者，本意是想避免这两种方法的缺点，但在实际操作中往往不仅没有避免缺点，反而失去了这两种方法的优点，所以笔者也认为不妥。

现在考生中应用最广泛的还是“先题后文法”，不过笔者推荐的是后一种方法，即完全看清题问以及所有选项之后，再带着问题看短文的方法。因为如果单单只看题问，很可能导致既没有了解全文的脉络，又耽搁了时间，更何况考博阅读理解的每一个选项都是经过出题者千锤百炼挑选出来的，本身就需要反复琢磨才可能选中唯一正确答案，所以还是先看懂所有题问和选项再看短文为好，这虽然表面上看慢了一些，但保险、经济、实效，这也是要想考博阅读理解拿到满分笔者必需要求的一项原则。

洛克说：“习惯是人生的伟大指南”。任何方法都必需习惯，只有习惯才能使你更容易出状态、更能发挥自己的水平，所以一旦选择了一种适合自己的方法之后就必须完全以这种方法贯彻阅读理解练习的始终，这样才能万无一失，达到完美。

第18篇：考博英语作文整理

考博英语写作模板、绝招 开头万能公式：

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言

有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！

原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型：

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型：

As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计

原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型：

A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式：

1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politene and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官

本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

写作的“七项基本原则”：

一、长 短 句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！

强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、主 题 句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！

To begin with, you must work hard at your leons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）

5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally

9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！

四、短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考

试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其

一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其

二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.

可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.

这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous,

humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！

六、多变句式原则 1）加法（串联）

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语：

despite that, still, however, neverthele, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so）

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重） 有些人

脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 举例：This is what I can do.

Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away… 5）附加（多此一举）

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom

or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 6）排比（排山倒海句）

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.

We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏） 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！

七、挑战极限原则 既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！ 原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！ 文章主体段落三大杀手锏：

一、举实例

思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！

In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every poible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colour

s, cartoon films and human performance.

For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actre to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：

To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

二、做比较

方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的； 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through

comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语： 相似的比较：

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较：

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, neverthele, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …,

三、换言之

没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。

实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you！ I am enthusiastic about you.That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you.In other words, I have fallen in love with you.

或者上面我们举过的例子： I cannot bear it.

可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.

因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it.That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：

in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply

考博英语作文是每所研究生院博士研究生考试英语科目中必有的考试项目，考博英语作文中需要主旨句及总结句能清楚的传达自己的观点.

1.Any government, which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽略这一点将付出巨大的代价

2.Nowadays 当前

3.at the mere mention of 一提到

4.In view of the seriousne of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效地措施

5.It is disputable that 无可争辩

6.Although this view is widely held, this is little evidence that...

7.In fact, we have to admit the face that… 事实上，我们不得不承认…这个事实

8.We should spare no effort to the …我们应该不遗余力地

9.This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.这是一个关系国家生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视

10.This view is now being questioned by more and more people.这一观点受到越来越多的质疑

11.Despite many obvious advantages of …,it is not without its problem.

12.Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展的必然结果，无法避免

13.Keep a favorable position in… 保持优势

14.As for me, I\'m firmly convinced that 就我而言，我坚定地认为

15.In the first place首先

16.But is it really case?

17.Negative impact 负面影响

18.Sth have worsened sth …使…恶化

19.It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to 建议政府应该努力…

20.In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphasize on… 总之，我们应该理智考虑这一问题，重视…

21.Need sth more than ever 比任何时候需要

22.Sth have gone bad to worse 每况愈下

23.So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它

24.There is no one but longs to 人们都希望

25.Around the corner 迫在眉睫

26.We should bring home to people the value of doing sth 我们应该让人们知道…的价值

27.As a popular saying goes,\" everything has two sides”.

28.Modernization program 现代化建设

29.Be linked to …与…有关

30.Quite a few 相当多

31.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评

考博英语作文万能模板

（1） 不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.

（2） 答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

（3） 谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（4）图表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated

by

the

figure/percentage

in

the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily

rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

（5）实用性写作（申请信 )

Your addre

Month, Date, year

Receiver\'s addre Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for theposition in ....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand, ....On the other hand, ....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and succe.

Sincerely

yours,

X X X

范文：(黄色背景色部分可作为模板句)

Is University Expansion a Good Thing

As we all know, from 1999, the numbers of enrollment of university students have increased significantly.Many people joined in an open discuion held by this phenomenon.Some people hold that university expansion is a good thing.In their opinion, more and more young people get into campus by university expansion.That is of great benefit to them.Furthermore, population quality of our country have advanced. Other people, on the contrary, advocate that the university expansion is beneficial.With the increase of the number of the undergraduate, not only the education quality is coming down but also finding jobs is difficult.

In my opinion, with the two opposite opinions discued above, it is clear that neither of them is not reasonable.The miraculous economic take off caused this remarkable phenomenon, so the university expansion is neceary.To control the education quality of university, first, we should appeal to our authorities to make more strict education laws, furthermore, we should enhance the awarene of the people both the university teachers and the higher education managers.

第19篇：考博英语英译汉100句

1.The American economic system is.organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businemen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这 1 就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。

5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing aignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。

6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk proceors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. [参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃

2 气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。

7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. [参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能， 他们的教育必须适应这些不同。 8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. [参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9.It serves directly to aist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it poible to provide for export at competitive prices. [参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

3 10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. [参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。

11.If its meage were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impoible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention. [参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。

12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts. [参考译文]得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。

4 13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. [参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。

14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. [参考译文]现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。

15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. [参考译文]通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争 5 论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。（北京安 通学校提供）

16.The current paion for making children compete against their clamates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. [参考译文]现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。

17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your \"wares\" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. [参考译文]在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的\"商品\"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。

18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. [参考译文]英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下

6 来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。

19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. [参考译文]这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。

20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profe signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. [参考译文]这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。

21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a cla, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth

7 detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of busine. [参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。

22.Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large \"comfortable\" claes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders? meeting to dictate their orders to the management. [参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的\"舒适\"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

23.The \"shareholders\" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. [参考译文]这样的\"股东\"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。

8 24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family busine now paing away. [参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。

25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country?s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, \"spatial\" thinking about things technological. [参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、\"空间性的\"思考方面的天赋。（北京安通学校提供）

26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, \"A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal pr

9 oce...The designer and the inventor.., are able to aemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist\". [参考译文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样：\"一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。\" 27.Robert Fulton once wrote, \"The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea\". [参考译文]罗伯特?法欧特曾经这样写到：\"一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新的思想。\" 28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. [参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟

10 悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。

29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: \"This book stands for reason itself.\" And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. [参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道：\"这本书本身就代表理性。\"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论／地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。

30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia?s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. [参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。

31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Aociation, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its paage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back. [参考译文]一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，

11 倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。

32.In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. [参考译文]在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。

33.There are, of course, exceptions.Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US.Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. [参考译文]当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。

34.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. [参考译文]我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛

12 的社会里：一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。

35.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant with drawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. [参考译文]对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现。（北京安通学校提供）

36.\"Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?\" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.\"You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?\" [参考译文]上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们：\"难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?\" 37.\"The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column´, \"lies not in how well it can control expreion but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expreion the widest poible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be...\"

13 [参考译文]\"对任何一个民主社会的考验，\"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中写到，\"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快…\" 38.During the discuion of rock singing verses at last month´s stockholders´ meeting, Levin aerted that \"music is not the cause of society´s ills\" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. [参考译文]在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说：\"音乐不是社会问题的原因\"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。

39.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as \"steering the economy to a soft landing\" of \"a touch on the brakes\" ， makes it sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further from the truth. [参考译文]有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如\"轻踩刹车\"以\"操纵经济软着陆\"，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。

40.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventi

14 onal measures suggest that both economies, and especially America´s, have little productive slack. [参考译文]经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产萧条的时候。

41.The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. [参考译文]很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。

42.The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. [参考译文]例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。

43.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall produ

15 ctivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training, [参考译文]企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。

44.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. [参考译文]他的同事迈克尔?比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。

45.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as \"The Flight from Science and Reason\" , held in New York City in 1995, and \"Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which aembled last June near Buffalo. [参考译文]科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的 \"逃离科学与理性\"会议，以及去年6 月在布法罗附近召开的\"(错误)信息时代的科学\"会议。（北京安通学校提供）

16 46.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. [参考译文]一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。

47.The ´true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. [参考译文]环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗?厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。

48.This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America´s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation´s head counting. [参考译文]这种发展--以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强 17 有力的影响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。

49.Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog crime andother plagues of urbanization in the Golden State. [参考译文]他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地区， 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪，以及\"金州\"(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。

50.As a result, California´s growth rate dropped during the 1970´s, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960´s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. [参考译文]结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18.5％一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。 51.Unlike most of the world?s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth?s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. [参考译文]跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。

18 52.The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth?s interior. [参考译文]携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。

53.As the dome grows, it develops seed fiures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fiures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.（略）

54.While warnings are often appropriate and neceary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn?t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. [参考译文]尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们)并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

19 55.At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--iued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of poible ones. [参考译文]与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。（北京安通学校提供）

56.In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to \"push\" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing meages directly to targeted customers. [参考译文]但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息\"推出\"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。 57.The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. [参考译文]像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明， 20 一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户注意的。

58.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the claroom on the behalf of students? career prospects and those arguing for computers in the claroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. [参考译文]有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。

59.Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently acce how his livelihood and happine are affected by things outside of himself. [参考译文]我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。

60.Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of profeional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. [参考译文]另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉

21 及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的

61.But,for a small group of students, profeional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. [参考译文]但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。 62.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. [参考译文]他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令．不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得?夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。

63.In a draft preface to the recommendations, discued at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be \"morally unacceptable to attempt to

22 create a human child by adult nuclear cloning\". 参考译文]在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是\"试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的\"。

64.Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo?s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. [参考译文]因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上将保持沉默。

65.If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. [参考译文]如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。（北京安 通学校提供）

66.It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the neceity of keeping one e

23 ye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. [参考译文]审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 67.Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the \"odd balls\" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who \"work well with the team.\" [参考译文]如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的\"思维与众不同的人\"，喜欢其中较为传统的\"善于团队合作\"的思想者而受到指责了。

68.The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-cla India compared to the tribe. [参考译文]当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比，印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80％的自然选择中的优势。

69.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,

24 it is poible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. [参考译文]当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。

70.With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be claed as Literature. [参考译文]然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式也很难被归入文学。

71.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, \"Pluff! Pluff!\" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.\" [参考译文]但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着\"扑通，扑通，185公斤重\"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官

25 们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。

72.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan?s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [参考译文]战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。

73.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the \"Japanese morality of respect for parents\". [参考译文]去年，当担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族\"尊敬父母的道德品质\"的时候，舆论哗然。

74.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan?s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.

26 [参考译文]随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1.19亿公民，其中整整76％的人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。

75.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. [参考译文]如果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享；尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。（北京安通学校提供）

76.Certainly people do not seem le interested in succe and its signs now than formerly.Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem le in demand today than a decade or two years ago. [参考译文]当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车--地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。

77.Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the jou

27 rnalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. [参考译文]相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。 78.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between profeional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.Neverthele, the word \"amateur\" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values. [参考译文]科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：因为任何规则都有例外。然而，\"业余\"一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界，尤其未能分享科学圈子的价值。

79.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. [参考译文]很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域表现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。

28 80.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. [参考译文]将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的

81.The overall result has been to make entrance to profeional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. [参考译文]这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊…卜发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。

82.A rather similar proce of differentiation has led to profeional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.

29 [参考译文]一个颇为相似的分化过程已经导致专业的地质学家走到一起组成一到两个全国性的专科学术社团，而业余地质爱好者们倾向于要么仍留在地方社团，要么也以另一种方式组成全国性机构。

83.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. [参考译文]遗憾地讲，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低层次的发现，比如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误(和这些低层次发现)交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

84.I believe that the most important forces behind the maive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization proce: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers´ demands. [参考译文]我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力同时也就是促成全球化进程的那方基石：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及大。幅度拓展市场，这些都要求更大规模的经营管理以满足消费者需求。 85.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my profeional progre promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile car

30 eer although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming \"I wanted to spend more time with my family.\" [参考译文]一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展， 使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称\"我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起\"来掩盖我的退出。（北京安通学校提供）

86.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stre, that abandoning the doctrine of \"juggling your life\", and making the alternative move into \"downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial succe and social status. [参考译文]或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后一样，我已经发现，放弃那种\"为生活忙碌\"的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 87.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the ma redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ´ 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-cla down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

31 [参考译文]在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的--那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后一一现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约；生活的原因就多种多样了。

88.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the´ 80s, down-shifting in the mid´ 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations. [参考译文]对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活--用有机肥种；植蔬菜，并且自己放弃一切的风险--不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身；能力是有限的这一事实。

89.If you are part of the group which you are addreing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it´ 11 be appropriate for you to make a paing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman´ s notorious bad taste in ties. [参考译文]如果你是你讲话对象中的一员，那么你就身处一种(有利)位置宋了解对你们来说都很普遍的经历和问题，而且你对餐厅中难以下咽的食物或老总臭名昭彰的领带品位进行随意评判也是合适的。

32 90.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their handsaone [参考译文]现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。

91.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with le human supervision and be able to make at least´ a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge. [参考译文]但是如果机器人要达到节省人工的下一个阶段，它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作，而且还要能够自己作出至少几个决定--这些目标才会引发真正的挑战。

92.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. [参考译文]但是人类的头脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98％的不相关部分，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。

33 93.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25---0.5% of GDP. [参考译文]OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与1998年的每桶13美元相比在一年中平均为每22美元，这也只会给富裕的经济体的石油进口账单上增加GDP的0.25％到0.5％。

94.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global exce demand. [参考译文]另外一个不应因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次不像70年代的那些次上涨，它并不是在普遍的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的。

95.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-aisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of \"double effect\", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permiible if the actor intends only the good effect. [参考译文]尽管它裁决并没有宪法权利来支持医生帮助下的自杀行为，

34 最高法院实际上支持了被称为\"双重效果\"的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个可能有两个效果的行为--一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果是被允许的，如果行为的实施者想要的只是好的效果的话。（北京安通学校提供）

96.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who \"until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.\" [参考译文]Nancy Dubler，Montehore医疗中心的主任，认为这一原则将会保护这样一些医生，他们到目前为止还强烈坚持他们不能够给病人足量的镇痛剂来控制他们的疼痛，如果这么做会加速他们的死亡的话。 97.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the aisted—suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. [参考译文]在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对他们来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。

98.It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggreive use of \"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying\" as the twin problems of

35 end--of--life care. [参考译文]它把对疼痛的治疗不足和盲目积极使用\"有可能延长死亡时间甚至让死亡过程蒙羞的无效并且强迫性的医疗手段\"视为生命临终医护的两个问题。

99.In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new. [参考译文]换句话说，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着--套约定俗成的写作模式，为新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。若没有这些，新闻内容就会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。

100.If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and cla. [参考译文]如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。

36

第20篇：山东大学考博英语大纲

山东大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

时间:2010-02-26 15:04来源:未知 作者:admin 点击: 33466次

一、考试目的

全面考查考生是否达到了从事高级研究所需要的英语语言综合运用能力的要求。

二、考试性质与范围

属于标准参照性考试。考试范围包括听、读、写、译四个方面的能力。

三、考试形式

为了有效地考核考生综合运用英语进行交际的能力，既兼顾考试的科学性、客观性，又考虑到考试的可行性。采用多种试题形式，以保证考试的效度和信度。

四、考试内容

共有六个部分：听力理解、语法与词汇、阅读理解、语言运用、英译汉、写作。

Ⅰ.听力理解 (Listening Comprehension)(15 points) 1.测试要求

(a) 能听懂真实交际场合中的各种英语会话和讲话。 (b) 能听懂有关政治、经济、文化等方面的专题的英文报道。 (c) 能听懂有关文化、教育、科普方面的演讲。 2.测试目的

测试考生获取口头信息的能力。

Ⅱ.语法与词汇 (Part Ⅱ: Grammar and Vocabulary) (15 points) 1.测试要求

(a) 掌握并能正确运用从事高级研究所需要的语法知识。

(b) 认知15,000词，并且能正确、熟练地运用其中的8,000个单词及其最基本的搭配。 2.测试目的

测试考生掌握词汇、短语及基本语法概念的熟练程度。

Ⅲ.阅读理解 (Part Ⅲ: Reading Comprehension) (30 points) 1.测试要求: (a) 能理解所读材料的主旨大意，分辨出其中的事实和细节。 (b) 能理解字面意义和隐含意义。 (c) 能根据所读材料进行判断和推理。

(d) 能分析所读材料的思想观点、语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。 2.测试目的

阅读理解部分测试考生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力，考核考生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。

Ⅳ.语言运用 (Part Ⅳ: Use of Language) (10 points) 1.测试要求

本部分提供一篇英语文章，其中有5个句子被删除。这5个句子和另外2个与文章内容不相关的句子一起作为选项附在文章末，要求考生将这5个被删除的句子挑选出来，并填写到适当的位置。 2.测试目的

测试考生运用语言知识的能力。

Ⅴ.英译汉 (Part Ⅴ: English to Chinese Translation) (10 points) 1.测试要求 能运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。

2.测试目的

测试考生的翻译能力。

Ⅵ.写作 (Part Ⅵ: Writing) (20 points) 1.测试要求

能根据所给题目及要求撰写各类体裁的文章，文章长度约200个单词；能做到内容充实，层次分明，语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。 2.测试目的

测试考生的写作能力

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