翻译英语范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：翻译英语

With an elevation of more than 2000 meters, Lily bulbs, planted by cooperatives,is found in Er’yin mountains of Guan mountain, which is the provenance belonged to Lan Zhou reserve and in the east of Yong Jing county, Gan Su province.Owing to the unique geography in Guan mountains, the period of Lily growth is five years, therefore, all the products here are characterized by white color luscious taste,and full petals.Lily contains so much nutritional goodne such as amylum, proteide, fattine, sweets, calcium, phosphorus,iron, colchicin and other alkaloids.Besides, the dietary property and the officinal value of this flower are extremely high.This flower could also bring the positive effects:antipyretic, antidotal, moistening lung, improving looks, relieving cough and reducing sputum, calming the nerve.Lily has been the superb cuisine among commons as well as in the state banquet from the ancient times; known as “the superb in cuisine, the panax in dishes”, Lily is the first for junketing and presenting.

推荐第2篇：英语课文翻译

英语课文翻译 第一单元

一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。

晚宴

我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之后不久就出现在一本杂志上。但登在杂志上的那篇故事, 以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人举行盛行的晚宴。跟他们一起就座的客人有——军官和他人的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家——筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。“女人一遇到危急情况，”少校说，反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。在座的客人中，除了那位美国人以外论证也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了餐桌下面。他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使所有的人安静了下来。我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下——也就五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！”在他数数的过程中，那20个人像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到“„„280„„”时，突然从眼然处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往阳台的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。“你刚才说得很对，少校！”男主人大声说。一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。”“且慢”，那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”女主人的脸上闪现出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。 第二单元

杰斐逊很久以前就死了，但是我们仍然对他的一些思想很感兴趣,杰斐逊的箴言, 布鲁斯.布利文、托马斯.杰斐逊美国第三任总统，也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：《独立宣言》是他起草的。

虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写到过的一些观点：

自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；亲自做调查是很重要的。当他还年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内，研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。

你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。 然而很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外。杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说：你必须像我那样到平民百性的家里去，看看他们的烧饭锅，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。”

自已作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。“不要相信它或拒绝它。”他在给侄子的信中写道，“因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西。上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑。那你就运用它吧。

杰斐逊觉得人民是“完全可以依赖的，应该让它们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后作出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢，还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会豪不犹豫地选择后者。”做你认为是正确的事。在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想，而这正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。虽然有好多年杰斐逊一直受到激烈的批评，但他从不回答那些批评他的人。他在想写给一位朋友的信中表达他自己的观点：“每个问题都有两面。如果你坚持站在一面，根据它有效地采取行动，那么，站在另一面的那些人当然会对你的行动怨恨不满。”相信未来，相信青年。杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。“没有哪个社会，”他说，“可以制订一部永远适用的宪法，甚至连一条永远适用的法律也制订不出来。地球是属于活着的一代的。他不害怕新的思想，也不害怕未来。“有多少痛苦，”他评论说，“是有一些从未发生的灾难引起的啊！我期待的是最好的东西，而不是最坏的东西。我满怀希望地驾驶着自已的航船，我满怀希望地驾驶着自已的航船，而把恐惧抛在后面。”杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人人普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的作法以前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种器械的装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。在杰斐逊的众多才能中，有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。他的全集，目前正在第一次出版的，将超过五十卷。他作为一个作家的才能很快便被发现了，所以，当1776年在费城要撰写《独立宣言》的时刻来到时，这一任务便落在了他的肩上。数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的；一切人生来就是平等的„„”杰斐逊在1826年7月4日与世长辞，正值美国独立五十周年纪念日之际，他给他的同胞留下了一份丰富的思想遗产和众多的榜样。托马斯 杰斐逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献，他认为，只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由。 第三单元

进入大学之前，尽力去攒一些钱。作者申请了一个教书职业。但是面试变得越来越糟。我的第一份工作, 在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一张广告，说是在伦敦某郊区有所学样要招聘一名教师.离我住处大约十英里, 我因为手头很拮据，同时也想干点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊顿去面试。这上路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗伊顿车站，再乘十分钟公共汽车，然后还要步行至少四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那儿，因为心情非常沮丧，竟不感到紧张了。学校是一座装着大窗户了红砖房子。前庭园是个铺着砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木，它们经受着从繁忙的大街一吹来的尘烟，挣扎着活下去。开门的显然是校长本人。他又矮又胖，留着沙色的小胡子，前额上布满皱纹，头发差不多已经秃光。他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的二等兵一样。“哦，”他咕哝着说。“你最好到里面来。”那狭窄的，不见阳光的走廊里散发出一股腐烂的卷心菜味，闻上去很不舒服；墙 上墨迹斑斑，显行很脏，周围一片静寂。他的书房，从地毯上的面包屑来判断，也是他的餐室。“你最好坐下，”他说，接着便问了我许多问题：为了得到普通学校证书我学过哪些课程；我多大岁数了；我会玩些什么游戏；问到这里他突然用他那双充满血丝的眼睛盯住我，问我是否认为游戏是儿童教育的一个极为重要的组成部分。我含含糊糊地说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话。他咕哝了几句。我说了错话。我和校长显然没有多少共同语言。他说，学校只有一个班，二十四名男生，年龄从七岁到十三风不等，除了美术课他亲自教以外，其余所有的课程都得由我来教。星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公园去踢足球、打板球。整个教学计划把我吓坏了。我得把全班学生分成三个组，按三种不同的程度轮流给他们上课；想到要教代数和几何这两门我在读书时学得极差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也许是星期六下午打板球的安排，因为这时候我的朋友大都会在悠闲地自得其乐。我羞羞答答地问，“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二镑外加中饭。”还没等我来得及提出异议，他已经站了起来。“好了，”他说，“你最好见见我的妻子。她才是这所学校真正的主管人。”我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻，想到将在一个女人手下干活，就觉得是最大的侮辱 第四单元

我的父亲是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的亲密朋友。做为一个腼腆的年轻的来访者来到爱因斯坦的家里时，我感到舒适，因为爱因斯坦说，\"我有东西要给你看。\"他走到他的桌前返回来时带着一个游游。他试图给我看它是怎样工作的但他没有办法让它的线绕回去。当该我来玩时，我展示我的一点技巧并向他指出绕得不正确的线使这个玩具失去了平衡。爱因斯坦点头，并对我的技术与知识留下了印象。后来，我买了一个新的游游做为圣诞节礼物寄给教授，我收到一首答谢诗。

做为一个小孩和做为一个成人，我一直都想了解身为名人的爱因斯坦。他是我认识的所有的这样的人中的一个，他承认他自身的有限性并与他周围的世界和平相处。他知道他想要的是什么并且他想要的仅仅是这个：

理解在他做为一个人的限度之内宇宙的特性和在它的作用中的逻辑与简单性。他知道在他的智力所能达到的地方之外有答案。但这不能使他沮丧。他要尽自己的可能来努力。

在我们的23年的友谊里，我从未看到他显示出嫉妒、空虚、痛苦、生气、怨恨，或者个人的野心。他显得不受这些强烈情绪的影响。他超越了一切虚荣。虽然他与这个世界上最著名的人们中的一些人通信，但他的信笺只有一个水印的符号——W——是伍尔沃思连锁店的标记。

做工作时他只需要一只铅笔和一张纸。物质的事情对于他意味着什么也不存在。我从不知道他带钱因为他从不用钱。他信奉朴素，如此之深以至于他仅仅使用安全剃须刀沾水剃胡须。当我建议他试用剃须膏时，他说，\"这把剃须刀与水一起就可以了。\" \"但教授，你为什么不试一次这种膏呢？\"我争辩道。\"它使递须更平滑更少疼痛。\" 他耸耸肩。最后，我送给他一管递须膏。第二天早晨当他下楼来吃早餐时，他正因为一个新的大的发现而快乐。\"你知道，那膏真正有效，\"他宣布说。\"它没有扯胡须。感觉很棒。\"于是，他每天早晨使用这种递须膏直到这管用空为止。然后他又恢复使用平常的水。 爱因斯坦是一位纯粹而完全的理论家。他对于自己的思想与理论的实际运用一点儿兴趣也没有。他的E=mc(c平方)恰是历史上最为著名的方程式——爱因斯坦也不会走到街上来看看反应堆制造原子能。他由于自己的光电学理论赢得了诺贝尔奖，在这个理论中有他在重要性上相互考虑得更少的一系列方程式，但他没有任何好奇心去观察他的理论如何使电视成为可能。

我的兄弟曾经送给教授一个玩具鸟，这只鸟站在一碗水的边缘并重复地将头浸入水中。爱因斯坦高兴地注视它，试图找出操作的原理。但他不能做到。

第二天早晨他宣布，\"在我上床前我考虑那只鸟比较长的时间，我想它是这样工作的......\"他开始了一次长的解释。然后他停住了，领悟到他的理论中有一个缺陷。\"不，我猜想不会是这样，\"他说。他推断各种理论达几天直到我建议我们将玩具拆开看看它是怎样工作的。他的迅速的不赞成的表情告诉我他不同意这种实践方法。他从没有说清这个原理。 另一个让爱因斯坦困惑的是他的名声。他已经创造了如此深奥并让少数相关的科学家兴奋的理论。但他的名字在文明世界家喻户晓。\"我有好的主意，其他人也有，\"他曾经说。\"但它是我的幸运因为我的观点被接受了。\"他让自己的名声弄糊涂了：人们想要见他；陌生人在街上凝视他；科学家，政治家，学生，和家庭妇女写信给他。他从不能理解为什么他得到了这种关注，为什么他就像某种特别的事物一样突出。 第六单元

一名外科大夫的成功之道- 一位著名的外科大夫告诉说，在他的经历中自信是重要的。 作者：诺兰博士

一名医生是怎样看待他成为一名外科大夫那一刻的？当我做为一名住院医生的岁月即将结束时我不止一次地这样问自己。

这个答案，我判断，是自信。当你能对自己说，\"没有外科病人我不能熟练治疗，就像其他外科大夫治疗的一样好甚至比他们还要好\"——那么，一直到这时候，你才确实是一名外科大夫。我正在期待着这一刻。

例如，我们几乎每天夜晚都要遇到紧急状态。这一年开头的几个月我害怕电话铃声响起。我知道它意味着另一次批评的机会被制造。经常，当我告诉瓦特或劳瑞在一个特殊的情形下做什么之后，我很难再入睡了。我回想这件事的全部事实，不是少有的，想知道我是否已经做了一个糟糕的决定。不止一次在凌晨2点至3点，我醒着躺在床上一个小时，就起床，穿上衣服并驱车到医院看望我的病人。这是我能够找到的让心灵平静并松驰下来的惟一途径。 现在，在我的住院实习的最后一个月，睡觉不再是一个问题。依然有我不能确定我的决定是否正确的情形，但我已经了解到一名外科大夫存在的经常的问题，他从来不能够完全能解决——并且我能够与它同在。于是，我做出了一个深思熟虑的决定，我不再想这事。回想将是无助的并且我知道凭我的知识与能力，我所做出的决定是正确的。这是一种很不错的感觉。 在手术室里，我通常是自信的。我知道我有知识、技术，和在以往实践中遭遇到的紧急情形的把握能力。没有更多的紧张当我切开一个腹部或一个胸腔时。我知道即使这个病例不能够预见前进中的问题，但我能够把握住我发现的什么。我出的汗流过戳伤的肺、刺穿的胃和粉碎性骨折的我的部分。我已经流汗淌过这些部位有5年了。我不需要出更多的汗。 现在我也不害怕出错。当我结束实习期后我知道自己不可避免地要出一次又一次错，并且为不需要做手术的人做了手术或者忽视了某人的这种情形。5年前——甚至一年前——我还不能够单独地为自己判断上出现的错误负责任。现在我能够。我仍然害怕出错——我会尽量做得好一些以避免它——但我知道它们是一名外科大夫生命中的一部分。我能够镇静地接受这个事实因为我知道我是不能够避免错误的，别的外科大夫也难以避免。 这些话听起来挺自负的并且我猜它是如此——但一个外科大夫需要良好的自我感觉。他需要它鼓励他在努力的这一刻当他困惑于医疗过程中常有的怀疑与不确定时。他不得不感觉他与世界上其他所有的外科大夫一样好甚至还要强。称之为自负——称它为自信；无论它是什么，我拥用它 第九单元

究竟什么是智力？

阿西莫夫解释，为什么智力低些的反而能在智力测验时取得高分。 作者：艾萨克·阿西莫夫

究竟什么是智力？当我在军队里时我遇到一种所有士兵参加的能力测试，对应通常的100分，会给160分。基地里还没有人看到那样一种数字并且两个小时时间他们让我造成不必要的紧张（这不意味着任何事情。第二天做为我的最高的职位我仍然是一名厨房值勤的列兵。） 在我的一生中，我一直在登记着那样的分数，以至于我产生了自满的感觉我是高智商的，并且我期待其他人也是这样认为。实际上，虽然如此的分数并不简单地表明我在回答那种典型的学术性问题时是很好的，这些问题被那些设计智力测验的人们认为值得回答——那些人的智力与我的近似？ 例如，我曾经有一名汽车修理工，我估计他在这些智力测验方面是不可能有高过80的分数。我总是据此以为我是比他聪明得多的。但是，我的汽车出了任何问题时我总是赶紧让他来维修，当他检查汽车的零部件时我烦恼地看着他，听着他的似乎是圣言的判断——并且他总能修好我的汽车。

于是，就建议我的汽车修理工为一个智力测验设计问题。或者建议一位木匠这么做，或者一位农民，或者其他人，的确，除了院士以外的所有人。通过这些测验中的每一个证明，我自己是一个低能者。并且我已经是一名低能者。在一个我不能使用我所受的学院训练和我的口才但不得不用我的双手来做复杂或粗糙的工作的世界里，我会做得很糟糕。所以，我的智力不是绝对的。它的价值被我所生活的这个社会所决定。它的数字价值被这个社会的已经设计了它的一小部分人所决定并将其强加于做为如此事情的公断人的我们中的其他部分。 再次考虑到我的汽车修理工。他有一个无论什么时候都告诉我笑话的习惯。有一次他从车头盖下面抬起头来说：\"博士，一位聋哑小伙子走进硬件仓库要些钉子。他将两根手指头一起放在柜台上并用另一只手做锤的动作。这个伙计给他一把锤子。他摇头并指着他正在锤的两根手指头。这位伙计带给他钉子。他挑出他想要的尺寸的，离开了。好，博士，第二个进来的小伙子是瞎子。他想要剪刀。你建议他怎样要求它们？\" 我举起我的右手并用前面的两根手指头做剪的动作。随后我的汽车修理工开心地笑了并说，\"为什么，你真蠢，他用他的声音来要求剪刀。\"接着他沾沾自喜地说，\"我今天已经在我所有的顾客身上试了。\"\"你套住了多少？\"我问。\"相当少，\"他说，\"但我确信地知道我套住了你。\"\"为什么呢？\"我问。\"因为你是如此受了教育，博士，我知道你是不可能很聪明的。\" 因此我有一种不舒服的感觉因为他说的有些道理。

推荐第3篇：英语课文翻译

课文1翻译

美国不像我们以前想象的那样，招人喜欢；在国际社会上形象很差。这很大程度上是由我们自己国家的交流媒介造成的。在过去的十年中，我感觉这种情况日益明显。这些年，我游历多个国家，诸如： „„, 所到之处，我都能在电视的任何频道观看到ＣＮＮ新闻，美国影视节目。对此我感到十分惊讶。

世界各地的观众都可以看到好莱坞制作的几乎每一部匪片、贫民窟犯罪片。影片描绘各色形象：富有而过分放纵奢靡的美国生活方式，以及平民窟的暴力犯罪、吸毒、卖淫嫖娼等等。

除此以外， CNN滚动播报，更新各类新闻：牧师奸淫、美国安然公司对金融的操控、白宫/国会的最新丑闻、对竞选中非法募捐的指控、校园暴力、乡村吸毒问题、佛罗里达州总统选举选票重复计票的政治指控。 凡此种种负面新闻就像在本地（美国国内）得以滚动播报一样，在海外也得以滚动重复播报。

我们无法从（上述）种种现象中找到真正的美国形象---我们想要其他国家的人民所了解的美国。传媒没有能够凸显出我们所珍惜的美国价值观---诸如：宗教、言论自由，扶贫济困的慈善行为、政府行为的公开化。

一群巴西妈妈们对由普通美国民众生活反映出来的美国形象的曲解给我留下深刻印象。她们原准备把孩子送到印第安纳州一所中学进行交流学习项目，但是，她们担心孩子们（在美）的安全，还担心孩子们会受毒品的影响/接触到毒品/ 沾上毒品。

海外留学生也证实了这个国家所传达的信息中有这种扭曲的形象。学生们跟我谈到他们害怕来这里(指美国)，谈到他们的家长担心他们的安全。那他们是从哪里感知到美国国内生活的呢？当然是电视 ---一种日益唾手可得的媒介工具，以及日益增多的媒体受众可以轻易得到的卫星新闻和成功销售海外的美国电视节目。

千万不要误解我的意思。新闻媒体的自由和各类资讯及政府文书的开放是使得我国完善执法、司法、政治、及政府系统的两个根本原因。问题是：新闻媒介反复把我们的社会问题传播给国际受众，而他们对媒体传播方式又缺乏了解。如果没有一个参照框架，不了解什么是我们认为的娱乐，什么是事实，不了解新闻在一个开放社会里报道的方式，只通过新闻媒介、电视节目来传播美国的生活并使之形象化将会导致人们对美国生活的误解多过了解。

那么，我们对新闻媒体是疏还是堵？要通过娱乐业投射出什么样的特殊信息？问题的答案在于我们如何平衡我们的传播交流，对其加以改变以增进人们对所接受信息的了解。美国政府、媒介成员、影视行业以及旅居国外的美国人必须携手共同承担责任。在此我对其各自分担的角色提出以下建议：

政府的角色： 华盛顿政府应该也必须负起领导责任，对我们，作为一个国家，对外应投射出什么样的形象进行监控，告诫国民、决策者应该采取什么步骤来建立国际社会对美国价值观的了解

娱乐行业的角色：应鼓励他们发展其自身的行业政策，并担负起责任。在对海外销售、发行电影、电视节目时，为海外观众建立一个他们所缺乏的参照，让他们了解什么是虚幻的，什么是真实的。在决定什么时候提供给海外观众信息，让他们明白什么是真，什么是幻，对影视节目所反映的问题已经采取了或正在采取什么解决措施等方面，好的管理判断能力一定能奏效。前言或补充说明能非常有助于（国际观众）了解（美国）。

新闻媒体的角色：诸如ＣＮＮ之类的国际新闻提供者在报道新闻事件时应该认清其特殊的责任。这样的话，生活在其他文化中的新闻受众将会有一个参照来理解他们所接收信息的背景。对美国公开的法律文件、司法系统、消费者投资者保护法、教育质量、美国社会中媒体所扮演的角色、承担的责任等进行解释说明。仅举几例说明海外媒体受众所需的方向标杆。由于缺乏共同的经历，我们不能想当然地以为其它国家的媒体受众也会和美国媒体受众（对美国的新闻事件）有着同样的理解。

美国海外游子的角色：我们的政府有必要提醒国人，当他们旅行时，他们是游客。此时，他们就成为美国形象的模范代表，人们从他们身上来了解所有美国人。政府还必须提醒国人不要忘记我们所持的价值观以及我们所享有的重要的民主进步。美国人得明白他们有责任向他人阐述这些价值观以及自己如何受惠于这些价值观。最为重要的是，随着全球相互依存性的日益增强，美国人应该大胆地阐述为什么他们觉得这些价值观对于维护世界和平具有普遍的重要意义。我们采取以上行动时，在改变美国形象方面，我们就已经跨越了一大步。

课文2翻译

来自华盛顿地区的300多名歌手，还有来自西非的著名舞蹈团，最近在华盛顿交响合唱艺术团举行15届 年度交响演唱会。为小马丁· 卢瑟国王博士献礼。仅仅一晚上，肯尼迪艺术表演中心满座音乐会提供经 典传统音乐， 还有献礼工作的新表现形式的世界首演。 和存在已久的华盛顿传统演唱， 为这位已遇害的， 想通过非暴力手段建立和平的公民平等权力领导人举行生日庆典。

这是一件人道主义的大事，就是这一庆贺活动把我们联系在一起，每个人都一样，没有什么比音乐会 更好的了，怎么说也没有比这更好的了，‖诺曼· 斯克雷伯纳解释道。他是华盛顿交响合唱艺术团的创始 人和指挥者，国内一个著名的交响合唱艺术团。

为马丁· 卢瑟国王生日举行的传统音乐会是他留下的遗产，是如此的强有力，简直令人难以置信。它真 正架起了横跨20世纪的长桥。‖他说：―国王他自己的生命没有超过整个世纪，但当你考虑这一个世纪发 生了什么事件时，你就开始明白为什么国内各种宗派集团必须要和平相处生活，不仅仅是必须，而且要 欢乐欣喜的生活，马丁· 卢瑟就揭示了20世纪的这种趋势体验，并成为这一事业的主要代言人。

除了几个华盛顿地区的演唱团单独表演以外，斯克雷伯纳先生说，他非常兴奋的是他们能够走到一块，进行一项特别特别委托工作的世界首演。这一年，题目为―Truth Preed to Earth‖合唱曲上演，作曲者、演唱者--塞也· 巴恩沃尔，她供职于世界知名的合唱团―甜蜜蜜摇滚乐团‖。

并且，它们全部来自马丁· 卢瑟国王的著作‖斯克雷伯纳解释说―她对国王说过的话进行了彻底调查，她 想找出哪些话与当今世界有关。如果国王还在世，他以前说过的哪些事情，特别早于1968前他被害的那 些，现在的话他该如何说？并且她已完成了难以置信的文章精选和非常好的音乐精品，并且全部写进剧目，我相信，它会成为首唱乐曲‖。

除了塞也· 巴恩沃尔的新作品，马丁· 卢瑟国王荣誉交响合唱会包括一个新闻短片----国王的―我有一个梦‖ 演讲。有西非坎库化舞蹈艺术团的舞蹈表演。总导演诺曼· 斯克雷伯纳，他是循道宗信徒的儿子，说道： 马丁· 卢瑟国王的生日演唱会敲响了每一个人的内心和弦。

我终生都是通过自己的心灵透镜看待任何事情，并且这音乐会是你最易接近的精神乐事。‖他说，―我 们做了一些事，是为广大基督教大众，拉丁系大众，基督教爱心故事，罕得尔《弥赛亚》 ，以及精彩的 宗教作品。在马丁· 卢瑟国王的祝词中，你们可探讨一些在最基础层面如何影响每一个人，对我来说， 我将全身心完成它，同样，我也全身投入完成其它的音乐，但这一次，我实在有点不能自持，每年终了， 我忍不住落泪，这是发自肺腑的事情。‖诺曼斯克雷伯纳，华盛顿交响合唱艺术团的导演，在肯尼迪艺 术表演中心举行的小马丁· 卢瑟国王献礼合唱会如是说。

课文3翻译Unit 3 enjoy the great outdoors

很少有国家像美国那样具有各种各样诱人的户外活动。除热带气候外，各种气候都具备。阿拉斯加的极 地气候，加利福尼州北部的地中海式气候，东北部和西北部的温带气候，佛罗里达州的亚热带气候，亚 里桑那州和新墨西哥州的沙漠气候。加利福尼亚的死亡之谷，在夏季始终保持着全世界的最高温度，有 时高达132华氏度。

至于山水，那可是多种多样，引人入胜，颇为壮观。西部有落基山脉和内华达山脉，那里白雪皑皑；在 东部，有森林覆盖的阿拉巴契山脉，它的最高峰近7000英尺。这儿有丰富的瀑布群和涓涓小河，既有祥 和宁静的小湖泊，也有像 GREAT LAKES 那样的大湖，这里有世界上最大的淡水湖—--苏必利尔湖。 那里的波浪像大海波涛一样汹涌澎湃。冬春季节，亚里桑那、科罗拉多、和新墨西哥州和洁静滑雪和眼 花缭乱的多彩岩石吸引了大批宿营人.在美国最值得一瞧的是宿营人、野炊人和度假人的便利。高速路、高等公路、未铺油的二等公路四通八 达，从你动身之处一直到野外。在空旷的野外，你最担心的不是避开旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！

美国为野外活动爱好者们所作的特殊贡献就是建立了众多的国家公园， 及州立公园， 这些公园布局漂亮， 体现了对野营爱好者的特殊关爱。海边有许多野营营地，这些营地，或隐匿在海滩一连串的沙丘后，或 在海滩茂密的林带后面。无论你走到哪里，几乎能找到地方野餐，这些地方设备齐全，全都配有木制桌 子、长凳、垃圾桶和洗手间。

有很多美国人，不管老少，更愿自己开车野营。车型多种多样，有特别豪华奢侈的，也有可折叠的轻型 皮卡，许多野营者豪华程度难以想像，深色的冰箱，微波炉，长绒地毯到彩电，可以很舒服给四个人提 供宿膳。但这并不仅仅是富人的专利。

许多老夫妇把他们大部分积蓄花费在―车轮子上的家‖，一年中的大半时间在国内游历，在他们的有生之 年仍然心醉于渴望到开阔的地方，并且这也是一种省钱的生活方式，如果汽油价格上扬，他们就将减少游历。

即使是行装最简的野营者也不能够穿过陡峭险峻、蜿蜒曲折的通往野外的山间小路，这时野营者常常把 他们的自行车或摩托车捆在野营地前面，然后一身轻松地穿过山间小路，穿过沙漠或森林.还有其他借助于四驱车旅行全国的游历者，四驱车上装着独木舟或竹筏子，下水划船游历。这些小溪由 国家公园服务处管理。通往野外，这些探险者可在小河边宿营，但禁止进入内陆腹地。不准打猎，可以 钓鱼，许多小河蜿蜒曲折，水流湍急，从深谷中或从森林茂密的深壑中流出。有时，偶尔与护林员相遇， 沿河顠游，自担风险.骑马旅行是时兴但花费较贵的运动，在得克萨斯州有旅游大牧场。你可以停在与它边界毗连的地方（相 当贵的）做一回牛仔们的生活。其他的户外探险运动，到密歇根密林，穿雪鞋旅行，在各州的雪上开车 旅行，在洛基山脉和阿拉斯加的划雪，冲浪、划水、和狩猎。你可以做美国人―伟大的户外活动者‖可作 的许多的其他事情。

推荐第4篇：英语课文翻译

Apology of Socrates

Let us reflect and we shall see that there is great reason to hope that death is a good; for one of two things — either death is a state of nothingne and utter(完全的) unconsciousne, or, as men say, there is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another.Now if you suppose that there is no consciousne, but a sleep like the sleep of him who is undisturbed even by dreams, death will be an unspeakable gain.For if a person were to select the night in which his sleep was undisturbed by dreams, and were to compare with this the other days and nights of his life, and then were to tell us how many days and nights he had paed in the course of his life better and more pleasantly than this one, I think that any man, I will not say a private man, but even the great king will not find many such days and nights, when compared with the others.Now if death be of such a nature, I say that to die is a gain; for eternity is then only a single night.But if death is the journey to another place, and there, as men say, all the dead abide, what good, my friends and judges, can be greater than this? 我们如果从另一角度来思考死亡，就会发觉有绝大理由相信死亡是件好事。死亡可能是以下两种情形其中之一：或者完全没有知觉的虚无状态，或是人们常说的一套，灵魂经历变化，由这个世界移居到另一个世界。

倘若你认为死后并无知觉，死亡犹如无梦相扰的安眠，那么死亡真是无可形容的得益了。如果某人要把安恬无梦的一夜跟一生中的其它日子相比，看有多少日子比这一夜更美妙愉快，我想他说不出有多少天。不要说平民，就是显赫的帝王也如此。

如果这就是死亡的本质，永恒不过是一夜。倘若死亡一如人们常说的那样，只是迁徙到另一个世界，那里寄居了所有死去的人，那么，我的诸位朋友，法官，还有什么事情比这样来得更美妙呢？

If indeed when the pilgrim arrives in the world below, he is delivered from the profeors of justice in this world, and finds the true judges who are said to give judgment there, Minos and Rhadamanthus and Aeacus and Triptolemus, and other sons of God who were righteous(正直的) in their own life, that pilgrimage will be worth making.What would not a man give if he might converse with Orpheus and Musaeeus and Hesiod and Homer? Nay, if this be true, let me die again.I myself, too, shall have a wonderful interest in there meeting and conversing with Palamedes, and Ajax the son of Telamon, and any other ancient hero who has suffered death through an unjust judgment; and there will be no small pleasure, as I think, in comparing my own suffering with theirs.Above all, I shall then be able to continue my search into true and false knowledge; as in this world, so also in the next; and I shall find out who is wise, and who pretends to be wise, and who is not.What would not a man give, my judges, to be able to examine the leader of the great Trojan expedition(远征); or Odyeus or Sisyphus, or numberle others, men and women too! What infinite delight would there be in conversing with them and asking them questions! In another world they do not put a man to death for asking questions; auredly not.For besides being happier than we are, they will be immortal, if what is said is true.假若这游历者到达地下世界时，摆脱了尘世的审判官，却在这里碰见真淳正直的法官迈诺、拉达门塞斯、阿克斯、特立普托马斯，以及一生公正的诸神儿子，那么这历程就确实有意义了。如果可以跟俄耳甫斯、谬萨尤斯、赫西亚德、荷马相互交谈，谁不愿意舍弃一切？要是死亡真是这样，我愿意不断受死。

我很希望碰见帕拉默底斯、蒂拉蒙的儿子埃杰克斯以及受不公平审判而死的古代英雄，和他们一起与某人交谈。我相信互相比较我们所受的苦难会是件痛快的事情。

更重要的是，我可以像在这个世界时一样，在那个新世界里继续探求事物的真伪，我可以认清谁是真正的才智仁人，谁只是假装聪明。

法官们啊，谁不愿舍弃一切，以换取机会研究这远征特洛伊的领袖——奥德修斯、西昔法斯和无数其他的男男女女！他们交谈，向他们请教，将是何等快乐的事情！在那个世界里，绝不会有人仅仅因为发问而被处死！如果传说属实，住在那里的人除了比我们快乐之外，还能得到永生。

Wherefore, my judges, be of good cheer about death, and know of a certainty, that no evil can happen to a good man, either in life or after death.He and his are not neglected by the gods; nor has my own approaching end happened by mere chance.I am not angry with my condemners, or with my accusers; they have done me no harm, although they did not mean to do me any good; and for this I may gently blame them.Still I have a favor to ask of them.When my sons are grown up, I would ask you, my friends, to punish them, and I would have you trouble them, as I have troubled you, if they seem to care about riches, or anything, more than about virtue; or if they pretend to be something when they are nothingI to die, and you to live.Which is better only God knows.法官们啊，不必为死亡而感到丧气，要知道善良的人无论生前死后都不会遭恶果，他和家人不会为诸神抛弃。快要降临在我身上的结局非偶然发生。我清楚知道现在对我来说，死亡比在世更佳。我可以摆脱一切烦恼，因为未有神谕显现。为了同样的理由，我不怨恨起诉者或是将我判死罪的人，他们虽对我不怀善意，却未令我受害。不过，我可要稍稍责怪他们的不怀善意。

可是我仍然要请你们为我做一件事情。诸位朋友，我的几个儿子成年后，请为我教导他们。如果他们把财富或其它事物看得比品德重，请像我烦劝你们那样烦劝他们。如果他们自命不凡，那么，请像我谴责你们那样谴责他们，因为他们忽视了事物的本质，本属藐小而自命不凡。你们倘能这样做，我和我的儿子便会自你们手中得到公正。

离别的时刻到了，我们得各自上路——我走向死亡，你们继续活着。至于生与死孰优，只有神明方知。

The Three New Yorks

There are roughly three New Yorks.There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable.Second, there is the New York of the commuter — the city that is devoured(充满) by locusts(蝗虫) each day and spat out(吐出) each night.Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something.Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last — the city of final destination, the city that is a goal.It is this third city that accounts for New Yorks high-strung(高度紧张的) disposition, its poetical deportment, and its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements.Commuters give the city its tidal(潮汐的) restlene, natives give it solidarity(团结) and continuity, but the settlers give it paion.

Whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum(贫民窟), or a young girl arriving from a small town in Miiippi to escape the indignity(侮辱) of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript(手稿) in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference: each embraces(拥抱) New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company.

大致说来，有三个纽约。首先是那些土生土长的男男女女的纽约，他们对这座城市习以为常，认为它有这样的规模和喧嚣，乃是自然而然、不可避免的。其次是家住郊区、乘公交车到市内上班的人们的纽约——这座城市每到白天就被如蝗的人群吞噬进去，每到晚上又给吐出来。第三是外来人的纽约，他们生于他乡，到纽约来寻求机缘。在这三座充满骚动的城市中，最了不起的是最后一座——那座被视为最终归宿的城市，视为追寻目标的城市。正是由于这第三座城市，纽约才有了紧张的特性、诗人的气质、对艺术的执着追求和无与伦比的成就。上班族给纽约带来了潮汐般时涨时落的骚动，当地人保证了纽约的稳固和持续发展，而外来人则赋予纽约以激情。

无论是从意大利来到贫民窟开小杂货店的农夫，还是从密西西比州某小镇跑出来躲避邻居的淫秽目光的年轻姑娘，还是从玉米地带满怀酸楚地拎着手稿跑来的小伙子，情况都没有什么两样：每个人都怀着初恋的激情拥抱纽约，每个人都以冒险家的新奇目光审视纽约，每个人散发出的光和热，足以令爱迪生联合电气公司相形见绌。

The commuter is the queerest bird of all.The suburb he inhabits(居住) has no eential vitality(活力) of its own and is a mere roost(栖木) where he comes at day’s end to go to sleep.Except in rare cases, the man who lives in Mamaroneck or Little Neck or Teaneck, and works in New York, discovers nothing much about the city except the time of arrival and departure of train and buses, and the path to a quick lunch.He is desk-bound, and has never, idly(空闲地) roaming(漫步) in the gloaming(黄昏), stumbled suddenly on Belvedere Tower in the park, seen the ramparts(壁垒) rise sheer from the water of the pond, and the boys along the shore fishing for minnows, girls stretched out negligently(疏忽地) on the shelves of the rocks; he has never come suddenly on anything at all in New York as a loiterer(混日子的人), because he had no time between trains.He has fished in Manhattan’s wallet and dug out coins, but has never listened to Manhattan’s breathing, never awakened to its morning, never dropped off to sleep in its night.上班族是天下最怪异的人。他们居住的郊区没有自身的勃勃生机，仅仅是他们晚上回来睡觉的栖息所。那些住在马马罗内克、利特尔内克、蒂内克，到纽约上班的人，除个别情况外，对这座城市了无所知，只晓得火车汽车到站离站的时间、去快餐店的路径。这些人整日伏案工作，从来没有闲暇徜徉在暮色之中，意外地走到公园里的观景塔跟前，瞧见湖中突兀而起的防护堤，沿着湖边钓米诺鱼的男孩，大大咧咧地舒展着身子躺在石台上的女孩。他们从未在纽约游游逛逛偶然遇见什么，因为他们从下火车到再上火车，这中间是没有闲工夫的。他们把手伸到曼哈顿的钱包里捞钱，抓到几个微不足道的小钱，但却从未聆听过曼哈顿的鼻息，从未在醒来时见到曼哈顿的早晨，也从未在曼哈顿的夜幕中入睡过。

About 400,000 men and women come charging onto to the Island each week-day morning, out of the mouths of tubes and tunnels.Not many among them have ever spent a drowsy(昏昏欲睡的) afternoon in the great rustling(瑟瑟声) oaken(橡木制的) silence of the reading room of the Public Library, with the book elevator (like an old water wheel) spewing out(涌出) books onto the trays(托盘).They tend their furnaces(炉子) in Westchester and in Jersey, but have never seen the furnaces of the Bowery, the fires that burn in oil drums on zero winter nights.They may work in the financial district downtown and never see the extravagant(奢侈的) plantings of Rockefeller Center—the daffodils(水仙花) and grape hyacinths(麝香兰) and birches(桦树) of the flags trimmed to the wind on the fine morning in spring.Or they may work in a midtown office and may let a whole year swing round without sighting Governor’s Island from the sea wall.The commuter dies with tremendous mileage to his credit, but he is no rover(流浪者).His entrances and exits are more devious(弯曲的) than those in a prairie-dog village; and he calmly plays bridge while his train is buried in the mud at the bottom of the East River.The Long Island Rail Road alone carried forty million commuters last year; but many of them were the same fellow retracing his steps.每个工作日的早晨，大约有40万男男女女走出地道口、隧道口，涌上曼哈顿岛。他们之中没有多少人跑到公共图书馆沉寂得只能听到沙沙声的阅览室，懒洋洋地度过一个下午，看着图书传送机像旧水轮一样，将书吐在书盘里。他们在韦斯特切斯特和泽西烧火炉，却从未见过鲍厄里街在气温降至零度的冬夜用油桶烧火取暖。他们可能在市中心的金融区工作，却从未见过洛克菲勒中心那枝繁叶茂的花木—春光明媚的早晨，黄水仙、风信子和莺尾花，齐崭崭地迎风摇曳。他们的办公地点可能位于商业区和居住区之间，可是一年到头也没从海堤上眺望过加弗纳斯岛。上班族一生中有着惊人的行程，但是从未东游西逛过。他们进进出出的地方比草原犬鼠的地洞群还要曲曲弯弯。即使火车陷进东河底的淤泥中，他们也会若无其事地只管打桥牌。去年，仅长岛铁路就运载了4千万上班族，只不过许多人是反反复复往返乘车罢了。

The terrain of New York is such that a resident sometimes travels farther,in the end,than a commuter.The journey of the composer Irving Berlin from Cherry Street in the lowest East Side to an apartment uptown was through an alley and only three or four miles in lenth;but it was like going three times around the world.纽约的地形比较特别：有时，这里的常住居民最终会比上班族走的路还要远。作曲家Irving Berlin从下东区的切里街走到住宅区的住所，中间只经过一个小巷， 只有

三、四公里的距离；但他却像绕地球走了3圈。

New York will bestow the gift of loneline and the gift of privacy.It is this large that accounts for the presence within the city\'s walls of a considerable section of the population; for the residents of Manhattan are to a large extent strangers who have pulled up stakes somewhere and come to town, seeking sanctuary or fulfillment or some greater or leer grail.The capacity to make such dubious gifts is a mysterious quality of New York.It can destroy an individual, or it can fulfill him, depending a good deal on luck.No one should come to New York to live unle he is willing to be lucky.

纽约会送上两件礼物：孤寂和私密。正是这种大度解释了城市人口中相当一部分人的存在，因为曼哈顿居民中多的是异乡客，他们背井离乡，到这儿来寻求庇护，或实现抱负，要不就是追求别的什么大大小小的目标。得以向人送上如此不成其为礼物的礼物，乃是纽约一种谜一般的特质，它可毁掉一个人，也可成全他，很大程度上全看此人运气如何。不愿交好运的人可别来纽约居住。

Although New York often imparts a feeling of great forlornne or forsakenne, it seldom seems dead or unresourceful; and you always feel that either by shifting your location ten blocks or by reducing your fortune by five dollars you can experience rejuvenation.Many people who have no real independence of spirit depend on the city’s tremendous variety and sources of excitement for spiritual sustenance and maintenance of morale.In the country there are a few chances of sudden rejuvenation—a shift in weather, perhaps, or something arriving in the mail.But in New York the chances are endle.I think that although many persons are here from some exce of spirit (which caused them to break away from their small town), some, too, are here from a deficiency of spirit, who find in New York a protection, or an easy substitution.纽约虽说时常给人一种沉重的失落感或被遗弃感，城市却难得显出死气沉沉或一筹莫展的样子，反倒是你总拥有一种希望：越过10条马路搬次家，或是花去5美元，就能重新焕发青春。许多缺乏独立精神的人依赖城市巨大的多样性和兴奋源，来求得精神上的耐久力并保持振奋。在乡下，青春得以突然重新焕发的偶然机会不是没有 —— 也许是天气的骤变，要不收到一封让你惊喜的邮件。可是在纽约，这样的机会无穷无尽。在我看来，尽管有不少人是由于精神追求过度到这儿来的（这使他们逼着自己离开小城），也有些人是因为精神贫乏到纽约来的，并在此找到了保护或是轻而易举得到了易地取代的报偿。

Celebrating Entrepreneurs I want to tell Jack Ma what an honor it is to be here representing the United States Embay, representing the people of America, representing so many friends in China – many of whom you trade with, invest with, you’ve studied with in university and schools in China and the United States.It truly is an honor to be here in Hangzhou.I think Hangzhou is perhaps the most beautiful city in all of China.It is historic, it is sophisticated(复杂的，久经世故的), it is culture, and it is the home of the Alibaba gathering – in its 7th year in a row.And it’s just an unbelievable opportunity to be able to look out at so many representatives of emerging industry and busine here in China.I am just so very honored to be here. You know so much more about the iues and the subject matter than I do.我想告诉马云，非常容幸能来到这里，代表美国大使馆，代表美国人民，代表中国这么多的朋友，在座的很多人都是在美国学习或者是美国人交朋友，做生意，有很多的交往，真的非常高兴来到杭州这个美丽的城市，我认为杭州在整个中国最漂亮的城市了。它是历史名城，一个成熟有底蕴的城市，有深厚的文化底蕴，而且是阿里巴巴的网商大会的一个主场。而且看到来自这么多网商在中国正在冉冉升起的一个网络行业，网商的行业的年轻人，我相信大家对这个主题比我了解的更多，所以对我来说我其实在这里就是在班门弄斧了。

Now, the main reason for coming to Hangzhou today is to offer up a challenge, and it starts with many of you right here in this room.The challenge is simple, it goes like this: entrepreneurs of the world, it is time to unite.I\'m convinced this is a historic time for our two countries to unite around iues of innovation and the development, advancement, and protection of ideas -- the fuel that fires the engines of entrepreneurs everywhere in the world, leveling the playing field, of all competitors.来到杭州主要的原因其实对我来说也是一个挑战，你们今天来了很多人，其实这个挑战就是很简单的，我这么说吧，是在座的企业精神可以联合的， 企业家团结起来。我很相信这一点，这是一个历史性的时刻，我们应该遵循进步、保护以及创新的精神团结起来，我们精神的引擎应该点燃全世界，我们应该有个非常公平的竞争的场地跟环境。

Hangzhou also has a special place in the revitalized(复兴) U.S.-China relationship.We\'re coming up in the 40th anniversary of Henry Kiinger\'s historic visit here, the first tentative step toward re-establishing diplomatic relations(建交) between our two great countries.At the time, 40 years ago, the negotiations were all done face to face, secret memos were paed back and forth by hand and if you wanted to look something up you had to actually read a book.There was no internet, no email, no cell phones, no Alibaba and Jack Ma was only around 5 or 6 years old.President Nixon reportedly(据报道) enjoyed his time here at Westlake so much he said Beijing may be China\'s capitol, but Hangzhou is the country\'s heart! My Chinese friends also refer to it as Yu Mi Zhi Xiang (land of plenty).

杭州是一个很重要的地方，在中美建交的时候扮演了一个很重要的角色。基辛格国务卿访问过中国杭州，当时中美还没有恢复建交，40年之前中美建交的谈判在杭州举行，做了一些秘密的协议。实际上你要读一读历史书才知道过去的这段历史，当时没有移动电话，没有电脑，没有阿里巴巴，当时马云可能才5、6岁那么大吧。尼克松总统在西湖旁边渡过一段非常美好的时光，他说过北京是中国的都城，但是杭州是这个国家的心脏，我的朋友曾经有说过鱼米之乡。

President Nixon\'s visit here was one of the great diplomatic(外交的) breakthroughs in recent American history.It was a time (before many of you were born) of estrangement(疏远), not cooperation between the United States and China.Our relations were largely defined by the hostilities in Korea and Vietnam, and the conflicts between capitalism(资本主义) and communism(共产主义).It took visionary leadership on both sides of the Pacific to bring these two countries together and so much of that hard work happened right here in Hangzhou.Predictably, we continued to have our differences, and sometimes we still do.But those meetings, over 40 years ago, marked a signal shift in our relationship, from opposition to, at its best, genuine(真正的) cooperation and mutual benefit.But the 1970\'s were in many other ways a very difficult time in the United States.The Vietnam War sparked tremendous domestic(国内的) upheaval(剧变).Our economy stalled(停止), we were battered by stagflation(经济滞涨), high unemployment and declining living standards.Millions of Americans were ready to close our borders and turn inward.尼克松总统访问杭州可以说是最近美国历史上的一大突破。这是发生在你们出生之前的一段时间，这也说明了中美之间合作的重要性。当时美国的关系跟韩国、中国都是很敌对的，我们认为你们是共产主义者，你们认为我们是资本家。但是因为两国领导人的远见，我们两国走到了一起，很多重大的事件就从杭州开始。可以预言，很多的差异还会继续的弥合，当然现在还有很多的差异。你想40多年前这么大的差异都可以弥合，我们过去从敌对变成了最好的、最真诚的合作伙伴，同时是互利的一个合作关系。

70年代，从很多角度来看都是对美国人来讲是非常艰难的一个时刻。当时的越南战争对我们国家造成了巨大的创伤，同时我们当时是在非常高的生活水平上，但是整个经济滞胀，我们的总统又被暗杀了，当时美国整体的经济模式都遭到了挑战，有人预言说美国要走下坡路了，他们会失去在世界舞台的地位，其实在美国内部来讲的话，我们也关闭了很多的国界线。

But then an interesting thing happened that we have seen in other chapters of our history.Our economy bounced back stronger than ever, thanks in large part to our fundamental belief in the powers of an open marketplace.Maybe it\'s because we are a nation of immigrants, or maybe it\'s because we stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, but even during the toughest times, we always believed in the power of freedom and always valued engagement over isolationism.

但是发生了一件有意思的事情，可能在美国其他的历史篇章上又看到，发现美国又回到了一个非常好的经济发展渠道上。这可能是有赖于我们很高的雇佣率，很低的失业率，以及很强大的经济基础，既使是在当时最艰难的时刻，我们也一直坚信不已，一个开放的市场是非常重要的，参与是非常重要的。

We welcomed tens of thousands of international students (maybe even some of you or your family members) to our universities, as we continue to do today.Students who return to their home countries armed with uniquely American ideas and approaches, planting their own seeds of innovation and enterprise.We attracted brainpower(智囊团) to the United States, and we still do.Talent helped fuel our economic engine when we needed it the most and became valued and equal members of American society.We created industry clusters(产业集群) where scientists and entrepreneurs could interact and exchange ideas – creating incubators(培养器) for future ideas and future busine opportunities – this, too, continues today.The best example and one I am sure you are all familiar with, is Silicon Valley, which not only helped launch the computer revolution but established a certain recipe for succe that serves as a model for similar technology hubs(枢纽) throughout the world, from Brooklyn to Beijing.Our commitment to open markets and an open society resulted in a flurry(慌张) of innovation and new technologies that revitalized our economy, ultimately creating some 30 million new jobs.It was innovation, and the entrepreneurial culture that fostered it, that helped drag the United States out of the economic challenges and doldrums(经济不景气) of the 1970\'s and set up three decades of unprecedented growth and prosperity.我们欢迎成千上万的国际学生来到美国，也许你们某些家庭成员也去过美国的大学学习，现在我们继续欢迎外国的学生，我们有自己独特的思路，美国人有非常强的创业精神，我们美国人到目前为止还是有非常强大的精神力量，我们认为人才是美国经济的基础和引擎，我们也非常坚信社会公民的平等，我们认为企业跟科学家的合作是非常重要的，需要来交换理念，来为未来的业务机会创造一个孵化机会，这样一个理念今天还在持续，我想最好的例子大家可能都知道了，就是硅谷，我们不仅在硅谷出现了大量的电脑的创新，还看到了很多成功的案例，我们可以看到那里已经成为了很多的巨大的一个新技术的发生地，从布鲁克林到北京到充满了我们在硅谷出现的新技术，这样的新技术使得我们经济得以重振，而且产生了三千万的新工作机会，我们企业家的精神得到了在更大一部分的培养，这也直接带领美国走出了1970年的经济困境，而且持续了30年的繁荣。

Now both countries have experienced both enormous growth and change since our modern relationship began 40 years ago.I suspect the pace of change will advance beyond anyone’s comprehension in years to come.And I am gueing the driver will be the development of ideas in health, energy, transportation – just to name a few.So here\'s the question: is there a central role for innovation in the U.S.-China relationship that speaks to where we want to find ourselves in the future? If so, and I believe there is – then let\'s get moving!

40年前产生的中美建交之后，我们的经济跟文化都有了巨大的发展，我们都明白这样一种关系对未来是至关重要的，我觉得在这个过程当中，我们需要有解决能源的问题、交通的问题、通讯的问题，这只是其中一部分，我的问题就是创新在中美关系当中重要吗，我们希望未来创新是处于什么个地位，我觉得确实是的，我相信创新是最重要的一点。

In the United States we venerate(尊敬) people like Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb. Henry Ford, who helped launch the modern automobile industry, John Rockefeller, who revolutionized the oil busine, Warren Buffet and investing, Bill Gates and Microsoft, all of them have helped define the American Dream, where you work hard, you think big and ultimately, you enjoy the fruits of your labor.And then there\'s Jack Ma, who\'s busy creating what we should probably call the Chinese Dream.He started with one of the slowest internet connections in the world.I hear it used to take Jack all day to download a single page.But if it took all day, he\'d wait all day.And slowly but surely he learned how to operate on-line.Pretty soon, he founded China\'s first internet-based company – China Pages.Today, of course, he\'s CEO of the Alibaba Group, which brings us all together today with, at least this morning, more than 50-million members.Knowing Jack, it\'ll probably be 60 million by the time I finish this speech.在美国像爱迪生发明了灯泡，同时福特发明了汽车，诺可菲尔创造了新的石油企业，巴菲特巨大的成功在投资上面，美国人总是有美国之梦，如果你努力工作，你想得远大，最终你就会收获。马云又是一个很好的案例，他创立了我们可以称之为中国之梦，他最开始的时候用得是全球连接最慢的互联网，可能你花一天的时间，马云就下载了一个页面，但是他会等一天来等这个页面，在一个月之后，他就知道如何很快的上网了，很快他居然建立了中国最早一个网络企业，叫中国黄页，后来又建立了中国最大的网络企业叫阿里巴巴，大家都知道，马云是我的一个好朋友，也许我说完话之后，他已经拥有更多的钱了。

So we\'ve all heard stories about entrepreneurs, whether they\'re Chinese or American.And the environments that produced the succe stories all seem to have four basic things in common: One, they encourage free thinking; Two, there is easy acce to information and capital(资金); Three, they welcome collaboration; Four, they tolerate failure.我觉得企业创业精神是很重要的，不管是中国美国人都一样的，需要四个基本的素质，首先他们是开放的思路，第二很快得到资金和信息，第三欢迎合作，第四他们能承受失败。

We all need to empower the entrepreneur.We all need more Jack Mas.Although cultures may be different around the world, the entrepreneurial spirit and drive for succe is the same wherever you go and we need to protect that.Entrepreneurs require an appetite for risk, capital to fuel their aspirations(愿望), a collaborative environment and respect for the power of ideas.Look at Jack Ma; he took a basic idea and expanded it, he transformed the economic model and created opportunities for millions of new businemen, not just here in China but around the world.我们都需要推动企业家精神，我们需要更多的马云，可能世界各地文化不同，但是企业家精神是成功的关键，而这种企业家精神在全球各地都是一样的。当然作为企业家，他要有冒险精神，需要有合作精神，并且尊重创意，看一下马云吧，他把一个基础的想法转变成了经济的模型，而且为很多的中小商人创造了巨大的商机，不仅是对中国，对全球的中小企业和商人都创造了伟大的机会。 We are all helping to define a new tomorrow for the U.S.-China relationship, the most important relationship today in the world.Just like our leaders did 40 years ago in Hangzhou.Their decisions were almost exclusively about Big Balance of Power politics.Today, our discuions should be about enhancing the quality of life for our citizens, finding cures for human diseases, developing new ways to power our economy and building bridges only made poible by innovators, dreamers and creators …people just like you.I have high hopes, and am terribly optimistic, for our future…Entrepreneurs of the world, it is time to unite! 我们都在一起为中美关系的未来创造更好的环境，这是全球最重要的两个大国的关系了。40年前美国也有人来到中国讲到了可能是两大大国之间的平衡，但是现在我们讲的是为我们的人民的生活品质的提高作贡献。对我们的经济寻找新 的方向，建立起桥梁，这种桥梁使得我们创新的企业家和梦想者能够取得更大的成功，我对未来充满的信心，企业家的精神在全球各地都需要联合起来，全世界的企业家团结起来。

On Friendship Few Americans stay put for a lifetime.We move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement.With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships.Today millions of Americans vacation abroad, and they go not only to see new sights but also – in those places where they do not feel too strange – with the hope of meeting new people.No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend.But surely the beginning of a friendship is poible? Surely in every country people value friendship?

They do.The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being.In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life.For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.美国人几乎没有哪一个一辈子不挪动地方。我们由小镇搬到城市，又搬到郊区，从中学到另一个州的大学，由一个地区的某个工作岗位换到别的地方的更好的职位，从把孩子养大的家，搬到打算退休以后安度晚年的家。每一次搬家，我们都不断地结交新朋友，他们成为我们新生活的一部分。

对许多人来说，夏季是建立新友谊的特殊时间。如今，上百万的美国人到国外渡假。实际上没有人指望一次旅行的结果会产生一个密友。但是一次旅行使友谊开始总是有可能的吧！每个国家的人都很重视友谊吧！

他们确实都重视友谊。来自不同国度，又从未见过面的两个人相遇之后，困难不在于他们不珍视友谊，而在于他们对于友谊所包含的内容以及友谊如何产生有不同的看法。在美国人最有可能去旅游的那几个欧洲国家，友谊与其他更为随便的人际关系有很大的区别，在这几个国家里，友谊介入家庭生活的程度也各不相同。对于法国人、德国人或是英国人来说，友谊一般包含更为特殊的内容，承担更多的义务。 But as we use the word, “friend” can be applied on a wide range of relationships – to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close busine aociate, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant(密友).There are real differences among those relations for Americans – a friendship may be superficial(表面的), casual, situational or deep and enduring.But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.As they see it, people known and accepted temporarily, casually, flow in and out of Americans’ homes with little ceremony and often with little personal commitment.They may be parents of the children’s friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, busine aociates from another town or even another country.Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no visible landmarks.The atmosphere is relaxed.Most people, old and young, are called by first names.Who, then, is a friend? Even simple translation from one language to another is difficult.“You see,” a Frenchman explains, “if I were to say to you in France, ‘This is my good friend,’ that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only, ‘This is my friend.’ Anyone about whom I have to say more is really le.”

我们把朋友这个词用于广泛的人际关系——包括在一个新的地方刚刚认识几个星期的人，关系密切的同事，孩提时期的玩耍伙伴，男人或女人，直至心腹至交。这些关系对美国人来说实际上还是有差别的，友情既可以是肤浅的、一般的、随情况而变的，也可以是深厚而持久的。但对于只看到我们表面举止的欧洲人来说，这种区别就不明显。

在他们眼里，那些一时认识的人和即兴结识的人，从美国人的家里进进出出，不讲什么礼节，往往也不承担什么个人义务。这些人可以是孩子朋友的父母，邻居家暂住在自己家里的客人，某个委员会的成员，从另外一个城市甚至外国来的商业伙伴。到美国人家里做客的欧洲人，看不到有什么明显的既成规矩，气氛轻松、无论老少，多数人都是互相直呼其名。

那么，什么样的人才是朋友呢？

‚朋友‛一词甚至从一种语言简单地翻译成另一种都是难的。‚你知道，‛一位法国人解释说，‚在法国，我要是对你说‘这是我的好朋友’，他其实没有我只介绍‘这是我的朋友’的人更亲密。越是要把关系说得亲密的人，关系却越是疏远一些。‛

In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men.Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that “women can’t be friends”, but they also admit sometimes that for women “it’s a different thing”.And many French people doubt the poibility of a friendship between a man and a woman.There is also the kind of relationship within a group – men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling.They may call one another copains – a word that in English becomes “friends” but has more the feeling of “pals” or “buddies”.In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends.For the French, friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awarene of the other person’s intellect, temperament(性情) and particular interest.A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.Our political philosophy aumes more depth, appreciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is accentuated, enjoyment of a sport is intensified(加强的).And French friendships are compartmentalized(区分).A man may play che with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life.Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life.These friendships are not made part of family life.A friend is not expected to spend evenings being nice to children or courteous(有礼貌的) to a deaf grandmother.These duties, also serious and enjoined, are primarily for relatives.Men who are friends may meet in a café.Intellectual fiends may meet in larger groups for evenings of conversation.Working people may meet at the little bistro(小酒馆) where they drink and talk, far from the family.Marriage does not affect such friendships; wives do not have to be taken into account.In the past in France, friendships of this kind seldom were open to any but intellectual women.Since most women’s lives centered on their homes, their warmest relations with other women often went back to their girlhood.The special relationship of friendship is based on what the French value most – on the mind, on compatibility(兼容性) of outlook, on vivid awarene of some chosen area of life.Friendship heightens the sense of each person’s individuality.Other relationships commanding as great loyalty and devotion have a different meaning.In World War II the first resistance groups formed in Paris were built on the foundations of les copains.But significantly, as time went on these little groups, whose lives rested in one another’s hands, called themselves “families”.Where each had a total responsibility for all, it was kinship ties that provided the mode.And even today such ties, croing every line of cla and personal interest, remain binding on(对…有约束力) the survivors of these small secret bands.像许多欧洲国家一样，法国人也认为朋友一般指同性，而且友谊主要指男人间的人际关系。对于‚女人之间不可能成为朋友‛的观点，法国妇女嗤之以鼻，不过她们有时也承认，‚女人间的友谊是另外一回事‛。许多法国人对男人与女人之间是否会有友谊感到怀疑。还有一种群体内的人际关系——包括男女在内的一些人在一起工作多年，可能关系不错、彼此信任、感情融洽。他们彼此称为法语里的copains，这个词译成英语就是‚朋友‛，不过更具‚哥们‛或‚姐妹‛的感情色彩。在法国人的眼里，这不是友谊，当然这个群体里的某两个人之间完全可以成为朋友。

对法国人来说，友谊是一种一对一的人际关系，要求双方了解彼此的智力、性格以及特殊的兴趣。朋友是能把你最优秀的品质发挥出来的人。和他在一起，你才气横溢，无论你们的友谊源于哪方面，你在这方面会变得更加充实。你对政治的见解会深化，你对戏剧的鉴赏力会更加敏锐，你对美食和美酒的品尝会更尽兴，你对某项运动的爱好会加强。

法国式的友谊有具体的分工。一个人可能与一位朋友下了三十年的棋而不知道他的政治观点，也可能与他谈论了三十年的政治，而不了解他的私人生活。不同的朋友在每个人的生活中有不同的作用。他们不介入家庭生活。而必尽的义务主要由家属承担。几个男性朋友会聚在咖啡馆里；有学识的朋友会发起更大的聚会谈上数个晚上；工人们会聚在远离家庭的小酒吧里，喝酒、闲侃。这种友谊不受婚姻的影响，而且建立友谊时不必考虑妻子的情况。 在从前的法国，这种友谊只接纳知识妇女，很少接纳其他妇女。因为大多数妇女的生活是以家庭为中心，她们与其他女性的亲密关系通常是从少女时代就建立起来的。友谊这种特殊的关系的基础是法国人最为珍视的东西——是思想，是观点的一致，是对生活中某一方面的鲜明的意识。

In Germany, in contrast with France, friendship is much more articulately(清晰地) a matter of feeling.Adolescents, boys and girls form deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk together – not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual discovery of each other’s and their own inner life.Within the family, the closest relationship over a lifetime is between brothers and sisters.Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother.Appropriately, in Germany friends usually are brought into the family.Children call their father’s and their mothers friends “uncle” and “aunt”.Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the congeniality(意气相投) of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpne of argument are the breath of life.But for Germans, whose friendships are based on mutuality of feeling, deep disagreement on any subject that matters to both is regarded as a tragedy.Like ties of kinship, ties of friendship are meant to be irrevocably(不能取消的) binding.Young Germans who come to the United States have great difficulty in establishing such friendships with Americans.We view friendship more tentatively, subject to changes in intensity as people move, change their jobs, marry, or discover new interests.与法国截然不同，在德国，友谊更明确地说是个感情问题。少男少女之间建立起深厚的感情，他们一起散步，一起聊天。这一切不是为了提高自己的智慧，而是相互分享彼此的愿望、忧患和梦想，共同对付学校和家庭组成的世界，发现彼此的内心世界。家庭之内，一个人一生最亲密的关系是兄弟姐妹之间的关系。家庭之外，同性挚友之间像姐妹一样亲密，像兄弟一样真诚。大致说来，在德国，朋友经常被带到家里。孩子们称呼父母的朋友为叔叔和阿姨。观点相投而成为朋友的法国人之间，鲜明的分歧和激烈的争论是这种关系所不可少的。但是德国人的友谊是建立在相互感情的基础之上的。对他们来说，如果在双方都认为重要的问题上亲生了尖锐的分歧，那就是极大的不幸。朋友关系与亲缘关系一样具有绝对的约束力。来到美国的年轻的德国人，很难与美国人建立起这样的友谊关系。我们不把友谊看得那样一成不变，友谊的深浅随着人们的搬迁、调换工作、婚嫁，或兴趣的改变而变化。

English friendships follow still a different pattern.Their basis is shared activity.Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds – discovering a common interest in school, serving together in the armed forces, taking part in a foreign miion, staying in the same country house during a crisis.In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into step – sometimes two men or two women, sometimes two couples, sometimes three people – and find that they walk or play a game or tell stories or serve on a tiresome and exacting committee with the same easy anticipation(希望，预感) of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation.Americans who have made English friends comment that, even years later, “you can take up just where you left off.” Meeting after a long interval, friends are like a couple who begin to dance again when the orchestra strikes up after a pause.English friendships are formed outside the family circle, but they are not, as in Germany, contrapuntal to the family nor are they, as in France, separated from the family.And a break in an English friendship comes not necearily as a result of some irreconcilable difference of viewpoint or feeling but instead as a result of misjudgment, where one friend seriously misjudges how the other will think or feel or act, so that suddenly they are out of step.英国式的友谊模式又不尽相同。这些友谊的基础是共同的活动。人生不同阶段的活动是不同的——在学校发现共同的兴趣，同在部队服役，参加同一个外交使团，在某场危机中共同暂住在一个农舍。在活动中（不管是什么活动），人们开始步调一致（有时是两个男人，有时是两个女人，有时是两对夫妇，有时是三个人），他们发现，无论是走路、做游戏、讲故事或是在同一居委会任职，他们都觉得能很自然地估计出每个人平时如何行事，在紧急情况下如何反应。与英国人交过朋友的美国人评论说，即使是多年以后，“你的友谊也可以在哪里中断就在哪里重新开始。”长期没有往来又重新见面的朋友，就好像一对伴侣，在乐队停止演奏时暂时分开，一旦乐曲一响，就又开始翩翩起舞。英国式的友谊建立在家庭之外，但是不像德国那样对朋友的家庭承担义务，也不像法国那样把友谊与家庭截然分开。英式友情的破裂不一定是因为观点产生了分歧或是感情发生了变化，相反是因为判断错误所致，一方严重错误地判断对方的思想、感情或行为，分歧就由此而产生。

What, then, is friendship? Looking at these different styles, including our own, each of which is related to a whole way of life, are there common elements? There is the recognition that friendship, in contrast with kinship(亲属关系), invokes freedom of choice.A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen.Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based.And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take.These similarities make the bridge between societies poible, and the American’s characteristic openne to different styles of relationship makes it poible for him to find new friend abroad with him he feels at home.那么，到底什么是友谊呢？既然友谊的模式——包括我们自己的——各不相同，且每种模式完全与一定的生活方式相关，那么还有共同之处吗？不同模式的友谊的共同点，是都承认友谊与亲缘关系的不同之处是能够自由选择，朋友能够选择，也能被别人选择。与此相关的是，朋友之间彼此使对方感到与众不同，无论这种感觉的依据是什么。此外，朋友之间必要要有来有往、互谅互让。有了这些相同之处，不同的社会之间才能相互沟通；美国人的特点是不拒绝其它模式的人际关系，因此，他们在国外就有可能与那些在一起感到自在的人交上朋友。

We Need a Dug-out Canoe to Navigate the Net In 1953, when the Internet was not even a technological twinkle(闪烁) in the eye, the philosopher Isaiah Berlin famously divided thinkers into two categories: the hedgehog(刺猬) and the fox: “The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.”

Hedgehog writers, argued Berlin, see the world through the prism(棱镜) of a single overriding(高于一切的) idea, whereas foxes dart(疾驶，飞奔) hither(向这里) and thither(到那里), gathering inspiration from the widest variety of experiences and sources.Marx, Nietzsche and Plato were hedgehogs; Aristotle, Shakespeare and Berlin himself were foxes.Today, feasting on the anarchic(无政府的), ubiquitous(无处不在的), limitle and uncontrolled information cornucopia that is the web, we are all foxes.We browse and scavenge(除去) thoughts and influences, picking up what we want, discarding(抛弃) the rest, collecting, linking, hunting and gathering our information, social life and entertainment.The new Apple iPad is merely the latest step in the fusion(融合) of the human mind and the Internet.This way of thinking is a direct threat to ideology(意识形态).Indeed, perhaps the ultimate(最终的) expreion of hedgehog-thinking is totalitarian(集权主义者) and fundamentalist(原教旨主义者).The hedgehogs rightly fear the foxes.Edge (www.daodoc.com), a website dedicated(专用的) to ideas and technology, recently asked scores of philosophers, scientists and scholars a simple but fundamental question: “How is the internet changing the way you think?” The responses were astonishingly varied, yet most agreed that the web had profoundly(深刻地) affected the way we gather our thoughts, if not the way we use that information.For both better and worse, fox-thinking is dominant(占优势的).At its worst, it means shorter attention spans(集中注意力的时限), shallower(浅的) memories, fragmented(片段的), unsustained(无支撑的) argument, the undermining(淘空) of intellectual property rights(知识产权) and a tendency to mistake anecdote(轶事) for fact.At its best, the Internet represents an intellectual revolution, fostering(养育) free collaboration as never before, with dramatically improved acce to boundle information, the great store of the world’s knowledge just a few keystrokes and clicks away.

The nimble(敏捷的) Internet fox is both an extraordinary time-saver, nipping from one place to another on instant mind-journeys that would once have taken years.But he is also a prodigious(惊人的) time-waster, wandering down distracting(分散注意力的) avenues of celebrity goip, pornography(色情文学), invective(恶言谩骂) and the minutiae(细枝末节) of other peoples’ lives.

The Internet is changing the very nature of human memory.Erudition(博学) and experience, the store of knowledge built up by an individual over years, is becoming le important than the ability to focus and edit: extracting(提取) information from the machine has superseded(取代) the ability to recall it unaided.

In Internet-driven thought, the point is not on what you know, but what you can discover.We do not watch or absorb the Internet, but scour(搜索) it for what is useful.This requires a particular sort of mind, and as the digital world continues its colonization(殖民地化) of our own, fox-like minds will increasingly dominate the workplace.As David Dalrymple of Maachusetts Institute of Technology, puts it: “The bottom line is that how well an employee can focus might now be more important than how knowledgeable he is.” How the Internet teaches us to think depends on whether we treat it as a primary school playground, a place for puerile(幼稚的) fights, shallow entertainment, chatter and self-absorption(聚精会神), or a forum(论坛) of higher learning, packed with delights and discovery, offering unprecedented(空前的) opportunities for exchanging ideas.Most of us, of course, treat it as both simultaneously.Reading the web usefully requires a new form of literacy(读写能力), the ability to sift(筛选) from the abundance of information what is helpful from what is pointle or merely distracting.Many feel overloaded by the onslaught(猛攻) of information: too many websites, too many meages, a deafening(极喧闹的) chorus of tweets(小鸟叫声) and texts.Internet thinking is not just about browsing and gathering, but choosing and rejecting.The Internet fox knows many things, but while hungrily searching tit-bits(珍闻) from every corner, he must also know what is indigestible(难消化的), what is nourishing(有营养的) and what is poisonous.A few hundred years ago literacy was rare and extremely valuable.Today anyone with an Internet connection and a keyboard is a publisher.A generation ago knowledge had to be actively sought out; today we are bombarded(被轰击) with information, much of it bad, biased or simply irrelevant.The fundamental way we think has not changed, but the way we acce information, and the sheer volume of that information has altered in ways that are both inspiring and daunting(令人气馁的).Chipping away(凿下碎片) the rotten wood is, perhaps, the most fundamental skill for the online brain: the discipline of allocating(分配) attention, filtering(过滤), questioning.This is where the Indian canoe comes in.According to the science historian George Dyson, the Indians of the Pacific North West had two, very different methods of boatbuilding.The Aleuts, living on treele islands, constructed kayaks from what they could find on the beaches, skins stretched acro a framework of driftwood(浮木).The Tlingit, by contrast, cut down huge trees, and hollowed(挖空) out an entire canoe, cutting and burning away the exce wood.“We used to be kayak builders, collecting all available fragments(碎片) of information,” writes Dyson.“Now, we have to learn to become dug-out canoe builders, discarding unneceary information to reveal the shape of knowledge hidden within.” As the intellectual torrent(知识的洪流) of the Internet swells with(膨胀，充满) each technological advance, there is only one creature who can be confident of(确信) staying afloat: the fox, paddling(划桨) in the dug-out canoe.

On Becoming a Scientist One normally becomes a scientist through a series of apprenticeships(学徒), pursuing research in laboratories directed by established scientists.My own scientific mentors were Jacques Fresco and Paul Doty at Harvard, where I learned not only technical skills but also how to think and function as a scientist.Both from them, and by making my own mistakes, I learned how to identify important problems, how to think critically, and how to design effective research strategies.Because so much of one\'s scientific future is shaped by early experiences, it is critical that beginning scientists select their mentors wisely.Unfortunately, what constitutes a \"good\" choice is not always obvious.Here I offer some personal advice to help young scientists make these tough decisions wisely.The exact project pursued for a Ph.D.degree is not nearly as important as finding the best place for learning how to push forward the frontier of knowledge as an independent investigator.My first piece of advice for graduate students is to begin research training in a laboratory led by a person with high scientific and ethical standards.It is by talking to people in that lab or those who have previously trained there, and by consulting other scientists in the same field, that one can gain this important insight.It is also important to find an adviser who will pay close attention to your development as a scientist.Brilliant scientists sometimes make poor mentors.Often, an established leader who has no more than about a dozen people to manage can best nurture a creative, exciting, and supportive place to work.But carrying out research with an outstanding new profeor with a very small group can frequently provide even better training.Students enter graduate school both to learn how to do science well and to discover where their talents and interests lie.Succe at either task requires that they be empowered to create new approaches and to generate new ideas.In my experience, beginning scientists will only gain the confidence needed to confront the unknown succefully by making discoveries through experiments of their own design.The best research advisers will therefore provide their graduate students with enough guidance to prevent them from wasting time on nonproductive pursuits, while giving them the freedom to innovate and to learn from their own mistakes.In my field of biology, two apprenticeships are standard for beginning scientists: first while earning a Ph.D.degree and then in a second laboratory in a postdoctoral position.The choice of a postdoctoral laboratory is best made with a long-term career plan in mind.Scientists at this stage should intentionally try to choose a laboratory where they can acquire skills that complement those they already have.For example, a student whose Ph.D.thesis gave her strong skills as a yeast geneticist might choose to do postdoctoral research with an expert protein biochemist, planning to later use a combination of powerful genetic and biochemical tools to attack a biological problem in an area where very few scientists have the same abilities.But succe as an independent scientist will require much more than technical skills.It is critical to be able to design research strategies that are ambitious enough to be important and exciting, innovative enough to make unique contributions likely, and neverthele have a good chance of producing valuable results.An enormous number of different experiments are poible, but only a tiny proportion will be really worthwhile.Choosing well requires great thought and creativity, and it involves taking risks.Senior scientists have the responsibility of maintaining a system that provides talented young scientists with the opportunity to succeed in whatever career they choose.My next editorial addrees the importance of ensuring that innovation and risk-taking are rewarded for those pursuing a life of independent research.Also, a new series in Science Careers highlights conversations with audacious scientists who give their own advice about selecting institutions, mentors, and projects.

推荐第5篇：英语课文翻译

Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happine 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways.Nobody asks for any of it.But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: \"I wish it hadn\'t happened, but I\'m a better person for it.\" 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。”

2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endle reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。

3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth.This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once paed as bromide: What doesn\'t kill you can actually make you stronger.Post-traumatic stre is far from the only poible outcome.In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled.More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.3诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。

4 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happine.We need more than pleasure to live the best poible life.Our contemporary quest for happine has shriveled to a hunt for bli-a life protected from bad feelings,free from pain and confusion.4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。

5 This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meaningful life.It is the dark matter of happine,the ineffable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our

1 own lives.It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for \"the good life\".5这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。

6 This broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy.It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia and regret.\"Happine is only one among many values in human life,\" contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University of Miouri in Columbia.Compaion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity-sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful proce of change.To live a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is not enough.We also need to grow-and sometimes growing hurts.6这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联系融合在一起。它主要受愉悦情感的支配，但同时也夹杂着惆怅和悔恨。密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校的心理学家劳拉?金认为:“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中的一种。”慈悲、智慧、无私、.洞察力及创造力—有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。只过安宁的、无忧无虑的生活是不足以体验一段完整的人生的。(此文来自袁勇兵博客)我们也需要成长-尽管有时成长是痛苦的。

7 In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying.A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppreing drugs that kept her arthritis in check.She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reactions that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown.The slightest movement-trying to swallow, fqr example-was excruciating.Even the preure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.7在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑的房间里，31岁的时装设计师特蕾西?塞尔感到自己奄奄一息。就在几个月前，她已经停止服用控制她关节炎的强效免疫抑制药。她从没预见到接下来将要发生的事:停药之后的反应最终使她全身剧烈疼痛，神经系统出现严重问题。最轻微的动作—比如说试着吞咽—对她来说也痛苦不堪。甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。

8 Cyr is no wimp-diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of two, she had endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life.But this time,she was way6 past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help.Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she felt she might have to kill herself.

2 8塞尔并不是懦弱的人。她在两岁时就被诊断得了幼年型类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍?受着病症和治疗(药物、手术)的折磨。但是这一次，她实在不堪忍受了，她的医生所做的一切似乎都不起作用。要么让疾病结束她的生命，要么她就得很快了结自己的生命了。

9 As her sleeple nights wore on, though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude.She was still in agony, but a new consciousne grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompaing feeling of sympathy and compaion.\"I felt stripped of everything I\'d ever identified myself with,\" she said six months later.\"Everything I thought I\'d known or believed in was usele-time, money, self-image, perception.Recognizing that was so freeing.\" 9然而，在经历了若干个不眠之夜后，她想自杀的念头开始被新的感激之情所打断。虽然她仍然感到痛苦，但一种新的意识每一夜都变得更加强烈:一种令人惊叹的解脱感，结合着一种包容一切的同情和怜悯的情感。“我感到一切我曾经用来认同?自己身份的东西都被剥夺了，”六个月后她这样说道，“一切我认为我知道或相信的事物—时间、金钱、自我形象、对事物的看法—都毫无价值了。意识到这一点真是让我感到解脱。”

10 Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs.She says now there\'s no question that her life is better.\"l felt I had been shown the secret of life and why we\'re here: to be happy and to nurture other life.It\'s that simple.\" 10在几个月内，得益于类固醇加其他药物的鸡尾酒疗法，她开始能够更加自如地活动了。她说，毫无疑问她现在的生活状况有了好转。“我感觉我窥探到了生命的秘密以及我们生存的意义，那就是快乐地生活，同时扶持他人。就这么简单!” 11 Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise.But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, says Rich Tedeschi, a profeor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term \"post-traumatic growth\".His studies of people who have endured extreme events, like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illne show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath; they are preoccupied with the idea that their lives have been shattered.A few are haunted long afterward by memory problems, sleep trouble and similar symptoms of post-traumatic stre disorder 7.But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people-perhaps even the majority-life ultimately becomes richer and more Gratifying.11她这种不可思议的经历完全是个惊喜。但是北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校心理学教授里奇?特德斯基认为，这种转变的感觉从某些方面看却是很典型的。里奇?特德斯基教授首创了“创伤后成长”一词。他对那些经历了诸如搏斗、暴力犯罪、突患重病等极端事件的人群进行了研究，这些研究表明，在刚经历不幸后大多数人随即都会感到茫然和焦虑。他们一心想的就是，自己的生活完全被毁了。有少部分人事后很久了还不断被记忆问题、失眠以及类似的创伤后应激障碍所折磨。但特德斯基和其他学者发现，对很多人(可能甚至是绝大多数人)来说，生活最终会变得更加丰富和更加令人满足。

12 Something similar happens to many people who experience a terrifying physical threat.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective

3 mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away.Our everyday life scripts-our habits, self-perceptions and aumptions-go out the window, and we are left with a raw experience of the world.12许多经历过恐怖的人身威胁的人会遇到类似的情况。在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。我们的日常生活轨迹(我们的习惯、自我认识和主观意念)全部被抛到九霄云外，只剩下对世界的原始体验。

13 Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes conscious effort.Being willing and able to take on this proce is one of the major differences between those who grow through adversity and those who are destroyed by it.The people who find value in adversity aren\'t the toughest or the most rational.What makes them different is that they are able to incorporate what happened into the story of their own life.13尽管如此，要实际实现这些转变并完全接受新的现实，通常需要有意识地付出努力。是否愿意并有能力承担这个过程，就是那些在灾难中成长和那些被灾难所摧毁的人之间主要的区别之一。认为灾难有价值的人并不是最坚强或最理性的人。使他们与众不同的是他们能够将所遭遇的事融入他们自己的人生历程中。” 14 Eventually, they may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined.Survivors say they have become more tolerant and forgiving of others, capable of bringing peace to formerly troubled relationships.They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and family paramount-and that the crisis allowed them to recognize life in line with their new priorities.14最终，他们可能会发现自己以从未想到过的方式获得了解脱。幸存者往往说他们变得更加宽容，也更能原谅别人，能够缓和原本糟糕的关系。他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。

15 People who have grown from adversity often feel much le fear, despite the frightening things they\'ve been through.They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them.\"People don\'t say that what they went through was wonderful,\" says Tedeschi.\"They weren\'t meaning to grow from it.They were just trying to survive.But in retrospect, what they gained was more than they ever anticipated.\" 15从灾难中成长起来的人尽管经历过恐怖的事情，但他们的恐惧感往往大为减少。他们对自己的力量感到吃惊，相信不管今后生活中将要遭遇什么，他们都能应付。特德斯基说:“人们不会说他们所经历的是美好的。他们并不是特意要通过这样的经历来成长。他们只是尽其所能生存下来。但回顾起来，他们的收获远远大于他们所预料的。

16 In his recent book Satisfaction, Emory University psychiatrist Gregory Berns points to extreme endurance athletes who push themselves to their physical limits for days at a time.They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self-lo, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery.For ultramarathoners, who regularly run 100-mile races that last more than 24 hours, vomiting and hallucinating are normal.After a day and night of running without stopping or sleeping, competitors sometimes forget who they are and what they are

4 doing.

16埃默里大学精神病学家格列高利?伯思斯在他的近作《满足》中指出，极限耐力运动员每次训练都要使自己的身体连续数天处于极限状态。他们和经历创伤的幸存者所经历的感觉过程一样:自我失落，困惑，最后获得一种新的驾驭感。对于经常跑超过24小时的l00英里比赛的超级马拉松运动员来说，呕吐和产生幻觉是常事。在一昼夜不停歇不睡觉地跑步之后，竞赛者有时会忘了自己是谁，忘了自己在干什么。

17 For a more common example of growth through adversity, look to one of life\'s biggest challenges: parenting.Having a baby has been shown to decrease levels of happine.The sleep deprivation and the neceity of putting aside personal pleasure in order to care for an infant mean that people with newborns are more likely to be depreed and find their marriage on the rocks.Nonethele, over the long haul, raising a child is one of the most rewarding and meaningful of all human undertakings.The short-term sacrifice of happine is outweighed by other benefits, like fulfillment, altruism and the chance to leave a meaningful Legacy.17更普遍的在逆境中成长的例子要数生命中最大的挑战之一:为人父母。生育孩子一直被认为会降低幸福程度。为了照顾婴儿而睡眠不足并且必须将自己的消遣撇到一边，意味着有了新生儿的人更有可能感到抑郁并且面临婚姻的危机。然而，长远看来，养育孩子是所有人类活动中最有意义、最值得去做的一件事情。短时间内牺牲了幸福，却有了更多的收获，比如满足感、无私以及有机会留下一笔意义深远的遗产。

18 Ultimately, the emotional reward can compensate for the pain and difficulty of adversity.This perspective does not cancel out what happened, but it puts it all in a different context: that it\'s poible to live an extraordinary rewarding life even within the constraints and struggles we face.In some form or other, says King, we all must go through this realization.\"You\'re not going to be the person you thought you were, but here\'s who you are going to be instead-and that turns out to be a pretty great life.\" 18总之，情感上的回报可以弥补灾难带来的痛苦和艰难。这种精神收获并不能抵消所发生的苦难，但是它可以把这些苦难全部放在另一个不同的背景中来看待，..那就是即使我们面临约束和挣扎，我们仍然可以生存得极有价值。金指出，我们所有的人都必须以这样或那样的形式经历这种觉悟。“你将不再是自己心目中曾经的你，取而代之的是一个新的你—而事实会证明生活从此将非常美好。”

Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sports 1.Throughout history sports have been used as forms of public entertainment.However,sports have never been so heavily packaged, promoted, presented and played as commercial products as they are today.Never before have decisions about sports and the social relationships connected with sports been so clearly influenced by economic factors.The bottom line has replaced the goal line for many people, and sports no longer exist simply for the interests of the athletes themselves.Fun and \"good games\" are now defined in terms of gate receipts, conceions revenues, the sale of media rights, market shares, rating points, and advertising potential.Then, what happens to sports when they become commercialized? Do they change when they become dependent on gate receipts and the sale of media rights?

5 1在整个历史长河中，人们都是把体育当作某种形式的公众娱乐。然而，体育从未像今天这样作为一种商业产品被如此盛大地包装、推广、呈现和开展，有关体育的决策以及与体育相关的社会关系也同样从未如此显然地受到商业因素的影响。对许多人来说，账本底线已取代了球门线，体育不再只是为了运动员们自身的兴趣而存在。今天，乐趣和“好比赛”的定义取决于门票收入、特许权收人、媒体传播权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。那么，当体育变得商业化时，它会怎样?当体育变得依赖于门票收人和媒体传播权的出售时，它会发生变化吗?2.We know that whenever any sport is converted into commercial entertainment, it succe depends on spectator appeal.Although spectators often have a variety of motives underlying their attachment to sports, their interest in any sporting event is usually related to a combination of three factors: the uncertainty of an event\'s outcome, the risk or financial rewards aociated with participating in an event，and the anticipated display of excellence or heroics by the athletes.In other words, when spectators refer to a \"good game\" or an \"exciting contest\", they are usually talking about one in which the outcome was in doubt until the last minutes or seconds, one in which the stakes\' were so high that athletes were totally committed to and engroed in the action, or one in which there were a number of excellent or \"heroic\" performances.When games or matches contain all three of these factors, they are remembered and discued for a long time.2我们知道，每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时，它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。尽管观众对于体育的拥护背后潜藏着多种动机，但他们对体育比赛的兴趣通常与三种相结合的因素有关:比赛结果的不确定性，参加一项比赛相关的风险或经济回报，以及预期中的运动员的卓越、英勇表现。换句话说，当观众提及一场“不错的比赛”或一场“激动人心的比赛”时，这场比赛，通常在比赛即将结束的最后几分钟甚至儿秒钟时，结果仍然扑朔迷离;或者比赛涉及高额奖金，因而运动员们都全身心地投入比赛。或者比赛展示了许多出色的或者“英雄式”的表现。只要运动比赛包含所有这三方面因素，人们就会长时间记得并讨论这场比赛。

3.Commercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports.In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format.Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game.For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights.3商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。尽管观众会对其产生影响，但在历史上，运动项目保持了它们的基本结构。创新也是在这一框架内进行的，并不会完全废除这项运动的基本设计。例如、奥运会的商业化导致了某些赛事规则的微小变化但其每项运动的基本结构还是和商家赞助及电视转播权出售之前基本一致。

4.Commercialization seems to affect the orientations of sport participants more than it does the format and goals of sports.To make money on a sport, it\'s neceary to attract a ma audience to buy tickets or watch the events on television.Attracting and entertaining a ma audience is not easy because it\'s made up of many people

6 who don\'t have technical knowledge about the complex athletic skills and strategies used by players and coaches.Without this technical knowledge, people are easily impreed by things extrinsic to the game or match itself; they get taken in by hype.During the event itself they often focus on things they can easily understand.They enjoy situations in which players take risks and face clear physical danger; they are attracted to players who are masters of dramatic expreion or who are willing to go beyond and their normal physical limits to the point of endangering their safety and well-being; and they like to see players committed to victory no matter what the personal cost.4看来，与运动的结构和目的相比，商业化更多的是影响运动参与者的取向。若要通过一项运动盈利，就必须吸引广大观众买门票或在电视上观看比赛。吸引和娱乐广大观众并非易事，因为这些观众中有很多人没有技木性的知识，因而不懂得运动员和教练采取的复杂竞技技巧和策略。由于缺乏这些技术性知识，人们容易受到运动或赛事之外的东西的影响，容易受到天花乱坠的宜传的迷惑。在比赛期间，他们经常关注那些他们容易理解的事情。他们喜欢那种运动员冒险并明显面临身体危险的情境，他们喜爱那些搜长戏剧化表现或者愿意超越正常的生理极限以致威胁到自己的安全和健康的运动员。他们喜欢看到运动员不惜代价，立志求胜。5.For example, when people lack technical knowledge about basketball, they are more likely to talk about a single slam dunks than about the consistently flawle defense that enabled a team to win a game.Similarly, those who know little about the technical aspects of ice skating are more entertained by triple and quadruple jumps than by routines carefully choreographed and practiced until they are smooth and flawle.Without dangerous jumps, naive spectators get bored.They like athletes who project\' exciting or controversial personas,and they often rate performances in terms of dramatic expreion leading to dramatic results.They want to see athletes occasionally collapse as they surpa physical limits, not athletes who know their limits so well they can succefully compete for years without going beyond them.5比如，当人们缺乏篮球方面的技术知识时，他们更津津乐道于某一个灌篮，而不会关注球队取胜必需的因素:自始至终配合得天衣无缝的后防。同样，那些对滑冰技术知之甚少的人，他们更感兴趣的是三连跳或四连跳，而不是那些精心设计并训练直至流畅、完美的舞步。没有惊险的跳跃，无知的观众会感到厌倦。他们喜欢那些表现得激动人心或有争议性的运动员。他们往往根据戏剧化的表现是否导致戏剧化的结果来评价比赛。他们想看运动员在超越自己极限时偶尔的突然失败，而不是多年来稳操胜券，熟知自己极限而不去超越它的运动员。

6.When a sport comes to depend on entertaining a ma audience, those involved in the sport often revise their ideas about what is important in sport.This revision usually involves a shift in emphasis from what might be called an aesthetic orientation to a heroic orientation In fact, the people in sport may even refer to games or matches as \"show-time\", an iey may refer to themselves as entertainers as well as athletes.This does not mean that aesthetic orientations disappear, but it does mean that they often take a back seat to the heroic actions that entertain spectators who don\'t know enough to appreciate the strategic and technical aspects of the game or match.6当一项体育运动变得依赖于娱乐广大观众时，对于运动中什么才是重要的，运

7 动参与者们往往会改变观念。这一改变常常意味着重心从所谓的美学取向向英雄主义取向转变。其实，运动员可能甚至把运动或比赛称为“表演秀”，并把自己称作表演者兼运动员。这并不意味着美学取向不复存在了，但是这确实意味着与英雄主义行为相比，它们常常退居其后。英雄主义行为吸引着那些没有足够的知识欣赏运动或比赛的策略和技术的观众。

7.As the need to please naive audiences becomes greater, so does the emphasis on heroic orientations.This is why television commentators for US football games continually talk about danger, injuries, playing with pain, and courage.Some athletes, however, realize the dangers aociated with heroic orientations and try to slow the move away from aesthetic orientations in their sports.For example, some former figure skaters have called for restrictions on the number of triple jumps that can be included in skating programs.These skaters are worried that the commercial succe of their sport is coming to rely on the danger of movement rather than the beauty of movement.However, some skaters seem to be willing to adopt heroic orientations if this is what will please audiences and generate revenues.These athletes usually evaluate themselves and other athletes in terms of the sport ethic, and they learn to see heroic actions signs of true commitment and dedication to their sport.7取悦无知观众的需求越强烈，就越会强调英雄主义取向。这就是为什么美国橄榄球比赛的电视评论员喋喋不休地谈论危险、受伤、带伤比赛和胆量。不过，有些运动员意识到了与英雄主义取向随之而来的危险，并试图在他们的运动中放慢偏离美学取向的步伐。比如，一些前花样滑冰运动员已经呼吁限制滑冰项目中三连跳的数量。这些滑冰运动员担心，他们的体育项目在商业上的成功正越来越依赖于动作的危险性，而不是动作的美感。然而，另外一些滑冰运动员似乎愿意采取英雄主义取向，只要这样能取悦观众，获得收入。这些运动员用体育道德规范去评价自己和他人，他们还学会把英雄主义行为看成是真正地投入及为运动献身的标志。

Commercialization also leads to changes in the organizations that control sports.When sports begin to depend on generating revenues, the control of sport organizations usually shifts further and further away from the players.In fact, the players often lose effective control over the conditions of their own participation in the sport.These conditions come under the control of general managers，team owners，corporate sponsors, advertisers, media personnel, marketing and publicity staff, profeional management staff, accountants, and agents.8商业化同样会导致那些控制体育的组织发生变化。当体育开始依赖于创造收入时，体育组织的控制权就会离运动员越来越远。事实上，运动员常常对于自身的体育参与环境失去有效控制。这些环境越来越受控于下列人员:总经理、运动队老板、企业赞助商、广告商、传媒人员、营销和宜传推广人员、专业管理人员、会计师以及经纪人。

9..The organizations that control commercial sports are usually complex, since they are intended to coordinate the interests of all these people, but their primary goal is to maximize revenues.This means that organizational decisions generally reflect the combined economic interests of many people having no direct personal connection with a sport or with the athletes involved.The power to affect these decisions is grounded in a variety of resources, many of which are not even connected with

8 sports.Therefore athletes in many commercial sports find themselves cut out of decision-making procees even when decisions affect their health and well-being.9那些控制商业体育的组织通常非常复杂，这是因为它们企图协调上述所有人的利益，但它们的首要目标还是盈利最大化。这意味着组织决策通常反映的是许多人的混合利益，而他们与体育或相关运动员没有直接联系。影响这些决策的力量根植于各种不同的资源，其中许多甚至与体育没有关联。因此，许多商业体育中的运动员发现自己被逐出了决策过程，即便这些决策影响到他们的健康和幸福。

Unit4 Is Google Making Us Stupid 1.Over the past few years I\'ve had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something,has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neural circuitry, reprograming the memory.My mind isn\'t going一

so far as I can tell一

but it\'s changing.I\'m not thinking the way I used to think.I can feel it most strongly when I’m reading.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy.My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose.That\'s rarely the case anymore.Now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages.I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do.I feel as if I\'m always dragging my wayward brain back to the text.The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle.1在过去的几年里，我老有一种不祥之感，觉得有什么人，或什么东西，一直在我脑袋里捣鼓不停，重绘我的脑电图，重写我的脑内存。我的思想倒没跑掉—到目前为止我还能这么说，但它正在改变。我的思维方式在变。这种感觉在我阅读的时候尤为强烈。过去总是不费劲就能让自己沉浸在一本书或一篇长文章中，被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。可如今这都不灵了。现在，我翻上两三页书，注意力就开始不集中了。我会变得烦躁，抓不住重点，开始想找点其他的事情做。我感觉我似乎要硬拖着我任性的大脑才能回到文章中。原本轻松自然的深度阅读，已成了痛苦挣扎。

2.I think I know what\'s going on.For more than a decade now, I\'ve been spending a lot of time online, searching and surfing and sometimes adding to the great databases of the Internet.The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer.Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes.A few Google searches, some quick clicks on hyperlinks, and I\'ve got the telltale fact or pithy quote I was after.Even when I\'m not working, I\'m as likely as not to be foraging in the Web\'s info-thickets2-reading and writing emails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listening to podcasts, or just tripping from link to link to link.(Unlike footnotes, to which they\'re sometimes likened, hyperlinks don\'t merely point to related works; they propel you toward them.) 2我想我知道到底是怎么一回事了。十多年来，我在网上花了好多时间，在因特网的信息汪洋中冲浪、搜寻、添加。对作家而言，网络就像个天上掉下来的聚宝盆。过去要在书堆里或图书馆的期刊阅览室中花上好几天做的研究，现在几分钟就齐活。“谷歌”几下，快速点开几个链接，就可以找到我所需要的事实或者精炼的引证。即使在工作之余，我也很有可能在信息丰富的网络里遨游—收发电子邮件、浏览头条新闻、点击博客、看视频、听播客或者只是从一个链接跳转到一个又一个链接。(超链接常被比作脚注，但是和脚注不一样，超链接不仅仅链接

9 到相关作品;它们还驱使你去点击创门。) 3.For me, as for others , the Net is becoming a universa一medium, the conduit for most of the information that flows through my eyes and ears and into my mind.The advantages of having immediate acce to such an incredibly rich store of information are many, and they\'ve been widely described and duly applauded.\"The perfect recall of silicon memory,\" Wired\'s0 Clive Thompson has written, \"can be an enormous boon to thinking.\" But that boon comes at a price.As the media theorist Marshall McLuhan pointed out in the 1960s, media are not just paive channels of information.They supply the stuff of thought, but they also shape the proce of thought.And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away at my capacity for concentration and contemplation.My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles.Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words.Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski.3对我来说，像对其他人也一样，网络已经成为了一种通用的媒介，大部分信息都通过这个渠道进人我们的眼、耳，最后进人我们的大脑。能从这样一个异常丰富的信息库中直接获取信息，其优点是很多的，而且也得到了广泛的描述和适当的赞誉。“硅存储器的完美记忆性，”《连线》杂志的克莱夫?汤普森写道，“对于思想来说是一个大实惠。”但是这个实惠是要付出代价的。(此文来自袁勇兵博客)就像媒体理论家马歇尔?麦克卢恩在上世纪60年代所指出的那样，媒体可不只是被动的信息渠道。它们不但提供了思想的源泉，也塑造了思想的进程。网络似乎粉碎了我专注与沉思的能力。现如今，我的脑袋就盼着以网络提供信息的方式来获取信息:飞快的微粒运动。曾经我是文字海洋中的潜水者，现在我则像是摩托艇骑手在海面上风驰电掣。

4.I’m not the only one.When I mention my troubles with reading to friends and acquaintances-literary types, most of them-many say they\'re having similar experiences.The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing.Some of the bloggers I follow have also begun mentioning the phenomenon.Scott Karp, who writes a blog about online media, recently confeed that he has stopped reading books altogether.\"I was a lit major in college, and used to be a voracious book reader,\" he wrote.\"What happened?\" He speculates on the answer: \"What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e.I\'m just seeking convenience, but because the way I think has changed?\" 4我并不是唯一一个有此感觉的人。当我向文学界的朋友和熟人提到我在阅读方面的困扰，许多人说他们也有同样的感受。他们上网越多，在阅读长文章时，就越难集中精力。我所关注的一些博主也提到了类似的现象。斯科特?卡普开了一个有关在线媒体的博客，最近他承认自己已经完全不读书了。“我大学读的是文学专业，曾经是一个嗜书如命的人，”他写道。“到底发生了什么事呢?”他推测出了一个答案:“如果对我来说，通过网络来阅读的真正理由与其说是我的阅读方式发生了改变，比如，我只是图个方便，不如说是我的思维方式在发生变化，那么我该怎么办呢?”

5.Bruce Friedman, who blogs regularly about the use of computers in medicine, also has described how the Internet has altered his mental habits.\"I now have almost totally lost the ability to read and absorb a longish article on the web or in print,\" he

10 wrote earlier this year.A pathologist who has long been on the faculty of the University of Michigan Medical School, Friedman elaborated on his comment in a telephone conversation with me.His thinking, he said, has taken on a \"staccato\" quality, reflecting the way he quickly scans short paages of text from many sources online.\"I can\'t read War and Peace anymore,\"he admitted \"I\'ve lost the ability to do that.Even a blog post of more than three or four paragraph is too much to absorb.I skim it.\" 5布鲁斯?弗里德曼经常撰写有关电脑在医学领域应用的文章。他在早些时候同样提到因特网如何改变了他的思维习惯。“稍长些的文章，不管是网上的还是已经出版的，我现在几乎已经完全丧失了阅读它们的能力。”在密歇根大学医学院长期任教的病理学家布鲁斯，弗里德曼在电话里告诉我，由于上网快速浏览文章的习惯，他的思维呈现出一种“碎读”特性。“我再也读不了《战争与和平》了。”弗里德曼承认，“我失去了这个本事。即便是一篇长达三四段的博客也难以消化。我只能略微浏览一下。”

6.Anecdotes alone don\'t prove much.And we still await the long-term neurological and psychological experiments that will provide a definitive picture of how the Internet use affects cognition.But a recently published study of online research habits, conducted by scholars from University College London, suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea change in the way we read and think.As part of the five-year research program, the scholars examined computer logs\' documenting the behavior of visitors to two popular research sites, one operated by the British Library and one by a UK educational consortium, that provide acce to journal articles, e-books, and other sources of written information.They found that people using the sites exhibited \"a form of skimming activity\", hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source they\'d already visited.They typically read no more than one or two pages of an article or book before they would \"bounce\" out to another site.Sometimes they\'d save a long article, but there\'s no evidence that they ever went back and actually read it.6仅仅是趣闻轶事还不能证明什么。我们仍在等待长期的神经学和心理学的实验，这将给因特网如何影响到我们的认识一个权威的定论。伦敦大学学院的学者做了一个网络研读习惯的研究并发表了研究结果。该研究指出，我们可能已经彻底置身于阅读与思考方式的巨变之中了。作为五年研究计划的一部分，学者们检测了计算机日志，它跟踪记录了两个流行的搜索网站的用户行为。其中一个网站是英国图书馆的，另一个是英国教育社团的，他们提供了期刊论文、电子书以及其他一些文献资源。他们发现，人们上网时呈现出“一种浮光掠影般的形式”，总是从一个资源跳到另一个资源，并且很少返回他们之前访问过的资源。他们常常还没读完一两页文章或书籍，就“弹”出来转到另一个网页去了。有时候他们会保存一个篇幅长的文章，但没有任何证据表明他们曾经返回去认真阅读。

7.Thanks to the ubiquity of text on the Internet, not to mention the popularity of text- meaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s, when television was our medium of choice.But it\'s a different kind of reading, and behind it lies a different kind of thinking-perhaps even a new sense of the self.\' \"We are not only what we read,\" says Maryanne Wolf, a developmental psychologist at Tufts University and the author of Proust and the

11 Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, \"We are how we read.\" Wolf worries that the style of reading promoted by the Net, a style that puts \"efficiency\" and \"immediacy\" above all else, may be weakening our capacity for the kind of deep reading that emerged when an earlier technology, the printing pre, made long and complex works of prose commonplace.When we read online, she says, we tend to become \"mere decoders of information\".Our ability to interpret text, to make the rich mental connections that form when we read deeply and without distraction, remains largely disengaged.7多亏铺天盖地的网络文本，更别说当下时兴的手机短信，可供我们阅读的东西很可能比上世纪七八十年代要多了，那时，我们选择的媒体还是电视。但是，这已是另一种阅读模式，背后隐藏的是另一种思考方式—也许甚至是一种全新的自我意识。“不仅阅读的内容塑造了我们，”塔夫茨大学的发展心理学家、《普鲁斯特与鱿鱼:阅读思维的科学与故事》的作者玛丽安娜?沃尔夫说，“阅读方式也体现了我们自身。”沃尔夫担忧，网络所倡导的将“丰富”与“时效性”置于首位的阅读方式可能已经削弱了那种深度阅读能力。深度阅读能力的形成应归功于早期印刷术的发明，有了它，长而复杂的散文作品也相当普遍了。然而，她说，当我们在线阅读时，我们往往只是一“信息解码器”而已。我们对文句的设释，心无旁鹜、深度阅读时形成的丰富的精神联系，这些能力很大程度上已经消失了。 8.Reading, explains Wolf, is not an instinctive skill for human beings.It\'s not etched into our genes the way speech is.We have to teach our minds how to translate the symbolic characters we see into the language we understand.And the media or other technologies we use in learning and practicing the craft of reading play an important part in shaping the neural circuits inside our brains.Experiments demonstrate that readers of ideograms, such as the Chinese, develop a mental circuitry for reading that is very different from the circuitry found in those of us whose written language employs an alphabet.The variations extend acro many regions of the brain, including those that govern such eential cognitive functions as memory and the interpretation of visual and auditory stimuli.We can expect as well that the circuits woven by our use of the Net will be different from those woven by our reading of books and other printed Works.8沃尔夫认为，阅读并非人类与生俱来的技巧，它不像说话那样融人了我们的基因。我们得训练自己的大脑，让它学会如何将我们所看到的字符译解成自己可以理解的语言。而媒体或其他我们用于学习和练习阅读的技术在塑造我们大脑的神经电路中扮演着重要角色。实验表明，表意字读者(如中国人)为阅读所创建的神经电路和我们这些用字母语言的人有很大的区别。这种变化延伸到大脑的多个区域，包括那些支配诸如记忆、视觉设释和听觉刺激这样的关键认知功能的部位。我们可以预料，使用网络阅读形成的思维，一定也和通过阅读书籍及其他印刷品形成的思维不一样。9.Sometime in 1882, Friedrich Nietzsche bought a typewriter.His vision was failing, and keeping his eyes focused on a page had become exhausting and painful, often bringing on crushing headaches.He had been forced to curtail his writing, and he feared that he would soon have to give it up.The typewriter rescued him, at least for a time.Once he had mastered touch-typing, he was able to write with his eyes closed, using only the tips of his fingers.Words could once again flow from his mind to the page.

12 9 1882年，弗里德里希?尼采买了台打字机。此时的他，视力下降得厉害，长时间盯着一张纸会令他感觉疲惫、疼痛，还常常引起剧烈的头痛。他只得被迫缩减他的写作时间，并担心自己今后恐怕不得不放弃写作了。但打字机救了他，起码一度挽救过他。他终于熟能生巧，闭着眼睛只用手指尖也能打字—盲打。心中的词句又得以倾泻于纸页之上了。

But the machine had a subtler effect on his work.One of Nietzsche\'s friends, a composer, noticed a change in the style of his writing.His already terse prose had become even tighter, more telegraphic.\"Perhaps you will through this instrument even ntake to a new idiom,\" the friend wrote in a letter, noting that, in his own work, his \"`thoughts\' in music and language often depend on the quality of pen and paper.\" 10然而，新机器也使其作品的风格发生了微妙的变化。尼采的一个作曲家朋友注意到他行文风格的改变。他那已经十分简练的行文变得更紧凑、‘更电文式了。“或许就因为这个仪器，你甚至可能会喜欢上一个新短语，”这位朋友在一封信中提到，在他自己的作品中，他“在音乐和语言方面的‘思想’常常要依赖于笔和纸的质量”。

Unit7 the poetry of architecture 1 The science of Architecture, followed out to its full extent, is one of the noblest of those which have reference only to the creations of human minds.It is not merely a science of the rule and compa, it does not consist only in the observation of just rule or of fair proportion; it is , or ought to be, a science of feeling more than of rule, a majesty of a building depend upon its pleasing certain prejudices of the eye, than upon its rousing certain trains of meditation in the mind, it will show in a moment how many intricate question of feeling are involved in the raising of an edifice; it will convince us of the truth of proposition, which might at first have appeared startling, that no man can be an architect who is not a metaphysician.建筑科学，如果得以充分体现的话，是只与人类心智创造有关的科学中最高贵的科学之一。它不仅仅是尺子与圆规的科学，不仅仅需要遵守恰当的规则或合适的比例，它是或者应该是，一门重感情胜过于规则的科学，它更多的是服务于心灵，而非眼睛。如果我们明白，一座建筑的美和雄伟，很大程度上取决于它能引发心灵的一系列沉思，而非来自于它能满足视觉上的某种偏爱，我们很快就会发现，一座建筑的兴建会涉及多少错综复杂的情感问题。我们会因此而相信一个乍然一听不无惊人的论点，那就是，一个人如果不是玄学家，就无法成为建筑师。 2 To the illustration of the department of this noble science which may be designated The Poetry of Architecture, this and some future articles will be dedicated.It is this peculiarity of the art which constitutes its nationality;And it will be found as interesting as it is useful, to trace in the distinctive characters of the architecture of nations, not only its adaptation to the situation and climate in which it has arisen, but its strong similarity to, and connection with, the prevailing turn of mind by which the nation who first employed it is distinguished.对这一高尚科学进行说明的文本及今后要写的一些文章都将收入进我暂命名为《建筑之诗意》一书中。正是这一艺术特性构成了它的民族性。建筑不仅与其周围的环境和气候相适应，也与率先采用这种风格的民族的主流性情极其相似，密切关联，这些都可以从各民族的建筑特征中得以追溯，我们会发现，这种追溯既有益，亦有趣。

13 3 I consider the task I have imposed upon myself the more neceary, because this department of the science, perhaps regarded by some who have no ideas beyond stone and mortar as chimerical, and by others who think nothing neceary but truth and proportion as usele, is at a miserably low ebb in England.And what is the consequence?We have Corinthian columns placed beside pilasters of no order at all, surmounted by monstrosified pepper-boxes, Gothic in form and Grecian in detail, in a building nominally and peculiarly “National”; we have Swi cottages, falsely and calumniously so entitled, dropped in the brick-fields round the metropolis; and we have staring square-windowed, flat-roofed gentlemen’s seat, of the lath and plaster, mock-magnificent, Regent’t park description, rising on the woody promontories of Derwent Water.在我看来，赋予自己这项任务显得尤为重要，因为这门科学在英国正处于可悲的低谷之中：在那些只知石头和砂浆的人看来，它是虚妄幻想；在那些满脑袋只有事实和比例的人看来，它毫无用处。那么结果是什么呢？我们看到科林斯式的柱子竖立在杂乱无章的壁柱旁边，上面是怪异的胡椒罐式的塔顶，形式上是哥特式的，细节上是希腊式的，这种建筑美其名曰别具“民族特色”；我们看到所谓的“瑞士小屋”散落在周围的一片砖砌的房子中实在是糟践了这一名称；我们看到那些平顶、有着显眼的方窗，用条板和石灰建造而成的乡绅别墅，它们仿照摄政王公园的样式，冒充宏伟的气势，耸立在德文特湖林木丛生的岬角上。

4 How deeply is it to be regretted, how much is it to be wondered at, that, in a country whose school of painting, though degraded by its system of meretricious coloring, and disgraced by hosts of would-be imitators of inimitable individuals, is yet raised by the distinguished talent of those individuals to a place of well-deserved honor, and the studios of whose sculptors are filled with designs of the most pure simplicity, and most perfect animation;

the school of architecture should be so miserably debased! 多么令人惋惜，多么令人惊异啊。在这个国家，绘画学派虽然受到华而不实的着色方法的损害，并因成群试图东施效颦的模仿者而蒙羞，但在那些天分超群的画家的带动下，绘画享受着当之无愧的荣耀，雕塑家的工作室里随处可见最朴素却最富有生气的设计。

而建筑界竟会堕落到如此悲惨的境地！

5 There are, however, many reasons for a fact so lamentable.In the first place, the patrons of architecture (I am speaking of all claes of buildings, from the lowest to the highest) are a more numerous and le capable cla than those of painting…There, the power is generally diffused.Every citizen may box himself up in as barbarous a tenement as suits his taste or inclination;The architect is his vaal, and must permit him not only to criticize, but to perpetrate.The palace or the nobleman’s seat may be raised in good taste, and become the admiration of a nation; but the influence of their owner is terminated by the boundary of his estate: he has no command over the adjacent scenery,And the poeor of every 30 acres around him has him at his mercy.The streets of our cities are examples of the effects of this clashing of different tastes; and they are either remarkable for the utter absence of all attempt at embellishment, or disgraced by every variety of abomination…

14 不过，现实之所以令人惋惜，原因是多方面的。首先，建筑（我指的是所有等级的建筑，从最低等级到最高等级）的出资人，相比于绘画的赞助者来说，人数更庞大，能力却相形见绌。在建筑领域，权利总体上是分散的。每个公民可以按照自己的品味或爱好，住进粗鄙的房屋里。建筑师是他的仆从，不仅必须听任他批评，还得容忍他胡作非为。宫殿或贵族的宅邸也许能建出好品味，可以成为举国欣赏的对象，但这些建筑的主人的影响力到了地产的边界便中断了：他无法控制周边的景观。他住宅周围的人，只要拥有30英亩土地，就能对他随意摆布。我们的城市街道就体现了不同品位相互冲突的结果：他们或是因为毫无装饰之企图而引人注目，或是因为布满各种面目可憎的建筑而有失脸面。。。。。。

6 I shall attempt, therefore, to endeavor to illustrate the principle from the neglect of which these abuses have arisen; That of unity of feeling, the basis of all grace, the eence of all beauty.We shall consider the architecture of nations as it is influenced by their feelings and manners, as it is connected with the scenery in which it is found, and with the skies under which it was erected;We shall be led as much to the street and the cottage as to the temple and the tower;And shall be more interested in buildings raised by feeling, than in those corrected by rule.We shall commence with the lower cla of edifices, proceeding from the roadside to the village, and from the village to the city; and, if we succeed in directing the attention of a single individual more directly to this most interesting department of the science of architecture, we shall not have written in vain.因此，我要尽力尝试对建筑原则进行阐释。正是由于漠视了原则，才会产生这些恶果。建筑的原则是感情的统一，这是所有优雅的基础、所有美得本质。当我们考察民族建筑时，应该考虑到它受到了人类情感和风俗的影响，它关乎周围的景致，关乎其下的那片天空。我们不仅应该考察殿堂与高塔，也要考察街道和村舍。我们应该将兴趣更多的投向用感情搭建而成的建筑，而不是用规则制定出来的建筑。我们应该从建筑的低级层次开始，从路边到村庄，再从村庄到城市；如果我们能够成功地进行引导，哪怕只有一个人为此更加直接的注意到建筑学中这最为有趣的领域，我们就没有白费笔墨。

10 文化有点类似于把一片消食片丢进一个玻璃杯里~一川;无法看见，但因为它，总会有事情 发生。

—汉斯•马格努斯•恩岑斯贝格尔 跨文化营销策略

雪莉•E.居 1 我们几乎都听说过这样一个销售案例:美国通用汽车公司试图在拉丁美洲销售他们的Nova车型，结果发现在西班牙语中，“no va”的字面意思是“它走不了”。当然，同样有名的还有另外一个案例:可口可乐第一次登陆中国市场时，这种软饮料的名字被译成“蛾蚌啃蜡”。

2 但是市场营销中的文化意识却远远不只是小心谨慎的翻译而已。每一种文化都有它的微妙和特别之处，同时还有一些直白的忌讳。虽然大多数人都无法详尽地罗列出他们自己文化中的条条框框，但他们却肯定知道什么时候人们违背了他们的文化传统。对我们来说，自己所属的文化往往是看不见的，但是，当我们身处异地时，我们碰到的文化差异却令我们感到古怪、有趣或奇特。因此，要辨明另一国家不成文的规定到底有多么困难呢? 3 看来，去目标市场进行调查仍然是不二之选了。.当你身处异国他乡时，你就肯定会留意到审美观的差异。在那里，到底哪些味道或颜色更容易吸引购买者?你觉得很难吃的东西或很艳俗的装饰品对当地人来说就完全是另一回事。主人可能会问客人一些看似不礼貌的间题，

15 如“你多大啦?”或“你赚多少钱啊?”饮食、日程表、交通、个人便利等等都不能想当然。即便是购买最普通的物品，你也可以讨价还价。你没弄清楚所有的硬币，你也不懂任何人名字的含意。总之，一切都与在国内时不一样。 到目标市场走走也是吸收当今文化的黄金时机。任何与你平时生活模式有所不同的细节都能透露出当地居民的行为方式。但同样要记住的是，在培养和发展与客户或联系人的社会关系时，学会另一文化的规范行为举止虽然很重要，但这并不足以助你做一个全面的营销策划。最简单的文化差异也能搁浅最宏伟的计划。 例如，在将其洗涤剂引入日本市场之前，一家大型的家用产品公司花了数百万美金进行了市场营销活动。尽管如此，当他们的洗涤剂在日本上市时，销量却客客无几。事实上，几乎没有商店储备这种肥皂。是非关税贸易壁垒的缘故吗?不是，真正的原因要简单得多。典型的美国式经济大包装对于空间狭小的日本零售店来说俨然是“庞然大物”。而且，日本的家庭主妇一般没有车，她们步行到商店，然后买了商品拎回家—个很小的处所。

不同的文化因素—不仅包括宗教、迷信、家庭结构、饮食、语言和当地的历史，还延伸到对待事物的各种观念如政府、工作、权威、年龄、环境、时空和男女关系—都会影响人们的购买行为。最后，一种文化里的幽默感是很难界定的，而且这种幽默通常难以通过另一种文化领会或设释。除了具体的人口统计数据之外，很难清楚地界定或确定这些观念;而且，即使是带上文化烙印的根深蒂固的各种观念也确确实实在改变。 目标语很容易确定，但切忌笼统概括。在西班牙使用的西班牙语与在拉丁美洲使用的西班牙语并不完全一样。我们都听说过在汉语里大约有10,000种口语方言，而且我们也都意识到新加坡、其他一些国家和地区还在使用繁体汉字。但在中国大陆地区，繁体字已经基本上被简化字取代了。.自从香港回归以来，这一趋势也扩展到了香港特别行政区。在大陆，大多数40岁以下的中国人已经不会读繁体字了。 如果你能够把迷信和语言结合起来，你就能增强效果。在中国和日本，数字4与“死”谐音。因此，公司名字或联系信息里的数字4会有一种负面的含义。然而，数字8却被看作是一个幸运数字，于是有很多的产品名称都叫88或888。有数字8的电话号码代表着好运。地址里含有数字8的房产很可能会卖得更快，特别是当价格的尾数是\"888”的时候。这些数字迷信相当普遍，以致于在1988年8月8日(8/8/88)，香港的医院挤满了临产的孕妇，有的要求人工引产，有的甚至要求剖腹产。这样，他们的小孩就可以有幸运的生日了。.而且，1988 在美国，我们习惯于在竞技场上角逐，比较自身、公司和产品。但是，在欧盟和大多数亚洲国家，广告里是不接受、也不允许有比较行为的。.如果宜称某种软饮料要比其他的软饮料口感更佳，或者某一种品牌的汽车比其他汽车更可靠，这可能会招人反感(甚至会被诉诸法律)。欧盟的宣传活动，吹捧自己产品的优点或许是可行的，但却不能采用产品比较的策略，尽管这种方法在美国是司空见惯的。.某些地方的市民往往会比那些鲁莽行事的美国人要谦卑低调得多。在很多文化里，公司都会比较注重长期发展和公司信誉。 如果你正在策划视觉广告，那么你就有必要考虑非言语行为的地方差异，如手势、眼神交流、私人空间以及男女关系。数年前，有一部电影在中国上映，这部电影里出现了中国电影史上第一次接吻的镜头。当接吻镜头出现时，电影院里惊叹声一片。考虑到丰富的文化因素，公众之吻的较高冲击值可能会对你的广告产生截然相反的功效。

妄加推断一个泛亚洲市场或一位拉丁美洲或欧洲客户都有可能会酿成大错。在邻国文化里，并不见得一定会有共同的购买喜好;同样，美国消费者和墨西哥消费者的购物偏好也不尽相同。而且，国界也不一定总能区分消费行为，因为地区特色也一样会很明显。

文化的方方面面都可能会如投石入水，泛起涟漪。饮食习惯不仅会影响食品公司，也会影响经营日用品、厨具、储藏器皿、餐具、包装公司，以及获得经营权的餐饮、服务店。在有些亚洲地区不要用“快乐的绿巨人”，因为在当地文化里，男人戴绿帽子就表示他妻子对他不

16 忠。 要是能够聘请到一位了解当地文化的人充当目标市场文化顾问，那肯定再好不过了。预算不够，就去咨询跨境商会以获取有效的帮助。但是，在启动一项营销活动之前，可以先到市场上测试一下，这种测试通常在目标国家或地区具有代表性的大城市进行。一般来说，城市居民见多识广，他们的观念也兼容并包;同时，他们的收人往往是最高的，更具随意购买消费品的能力。

在类似这样的一次测试里，一家美国行李箱制造商发现文化同样会影响思维和感知。这家公司在中东地区策划了一则全新的广告—他们的行李箱乘坐在一块神奇的飞毯上。阿拉伯地区绝大多数的重点访谈人群则认为他们看到的是一则}.S\'di11S0i111e”牌的地毯广告。

推荐第6篇：英语广告翻译

英语广告的修辞特点与翻译：

一．明喻（本体与喻体之间常用as,like等介词连接起来）

二．明喻（把一个事物的名称用在另一个事物的名称上，无as,like等连接）e.g:You are better

off under the Umbrella(保护伞)。这里的用意是：购买保险；外出远行，犹如置身于一顶伞下，可以无忧无虑的去尽情享受旅行的乐趣。

三．换喻（利用一个事物的名称替换与他有密切联系的另一个事物名称的修辞方

法）e.g:The most sensational place to wear stain (绸子)on your lips.

四．重复：

五．拟人e.g:Flowers by Interfloar speak from the heart.biaoda 表达：“祝你早日康复”“最真

挚的感谢”“祝你生日快乐”这是花店使用的广告用语。

六．夸张：e.g:Every time we race,you win.这是电子琴广告的标题。“每场比赛，常常获胜。”

七．双关

八．对比

商务英语中的委婉表达与翻译：

一． 事态倒退法:1could you~~~~~~~ 与 can you~~~~ 2.we wanted ~~~ 与we want

~~~~~~~~~~ 3.would you~~~ 与can\\will you~~~~~~~

二． 语态被动法

三． 语气虚拟法：1.We would be very grateful if you could let us take delivery before the selling

season.2.We will be very grateful if you can let us take delivery before the selling season.1比2好

四． 词句否定法：1.“not bad”“very good”2.”be not acceptable”“be unacceptable”

五． 语气弱化法：1.否定语气弱化法：（1）在否定句前加上“Iam afraid” “I do not think” “Iam

not sure”e.g:Ido not think it is wise for either of us to insist onhis own terms.It is unwise for either o us to insist on his terms.(2)在否定句中加上：really.always.quite.too .particularly .e.g:we do not really know that company’s financial standing.We do not know ~~~~~~(3)在否定句前或后加上please或使用反意疑问句:e.g:Don’t be so impationnt,would you? We will lertainly make some progre late on.Don’t be so impatient.We will~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2.疑问语气弱化法：e.g:but how are you going to pay for your imports,if Imay ask?3.肯定语气弱化法：在距前家“I think” “I hope” “I regret” “please”等.

注意运用常用句型。

广告语句，特别是标题距 必须简短紧凑，省略句也必然频频出现，这是商业广告的句法特点。

推荐第7篇：英语句子翻译

英语翻译

一、In fact, the mythology of a perfect Olympic is the modern invention of snobs and self-styled purists, perpetuated by sports writers---and television commentators at a lo to fill air time.(para.2 lines8-11)

事实上，曾有过完美的奥运会的神话只是现代的势利小人和一群自封的纯粹主义者的杜撰，通过体育文章撰稿人和转播期间设法填补空白时间的电视评论员流传下来。

二、But these arbiters were often susceptible to financial enticements--- and treats.

这些比赛的主宰者往往经不起金钱以及盛宴的诱惑。

三、Promoters of minor track meets--- which were often held to advertise local products(!)--- would fork over plenty to have the hottest runners of the day merely show up.

当时，一些小型比赛---通常是为了给当地的产品做广告（！）---的发起者，确实会向当红短跑明星支付大笔的酬金，请他们到场露露脸。

四、When he croed the finish line, he was a little “high” on more than joy--- having fortified himself along the road with swigs of sugared wine.

尽管在冲过终点线时，他显得与其说是兴奋还不如说有点“醉醺醺”的——因为他在途中大量饮用掺了糖的葡萄酒以保持体力。

五、Just before President Teddy Roosevelt’s daughter was to give him his medal, it was discovered that Lorz had not, after all, gone the entire distance under his own steam.(para.14 lines 101-103)

正当特迪·罗斯福总统的女儿给他颁奖之际，洛兹被发现没有独立跑完全程。

六、Having cramped up at about nine miles, he accepted a ride from a paing car.

他在9英里处腿部抽筋，便搭乘了辆路过的汽车。

七、There is no need to conjecture about Dora Ratjen, the German athlete who just mied a gold medal in the women’s high jump in the notorious Olympics of 1936,she subsequently set world records in this event.

然而，德国运动员朵拉·拉特金的性别是不容置疑的。在臭名昭著的1936年奥运会上错失了女子跳高金牌后，“她”随后在这个项目中屡屡改写世界纪录。

I still do not share the peimism of the writer whose most famous work had given him a near-franchise on the digit \"1984\".

我从内心深处仍不赞同那位因一部名著而对“1984”这个数字几乎享有特权的作家所持的悲观态度。

To begin with,there was the actual prize money.From at least the sixth century B.C.the Greeks opently gave cash awards for the first place in the Olympics.After that there were huge fees that these newly crowed champions could demand for \"personal appearances\".

首先，当时确实存在奖金。至少从公元前6世纪起，希腊人就开始向奥运冠军公开授予现金奖励。此后新加冕的冠军还可索取巨额“出场费”。

翻译

一、吸引大量观众的体育运动为人们观赏青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一个窗口。

Spectator sports provide an outlet for viewing the vitality of youth, speed, and strength.

二、它所展示的技能水平强烈地吸引着人们。

The levels of skill （that are）displayed fascinate people.

三、男性之所以比女性更直接地认同这种运动，是因为他们的童年经历和比赛所展示的阳刚之气。

Men identify more directly than women with spectator sports because of their childhood experience and the macho nature of games.

四、这种运动对男性来说，在心理上还有另外一种吸引力：因为他们是男人，有可能被召唤到赛场上，被要求打比赛或当教练，去贡献自己的一技之长。

For men there is an additional attraction in their minds because since they are male they could be called on to the field, asked to contribute their playing or coaching skills.

五、因此观看这类比赛给他们的遐想（daydreams）提供了素材。Viewing sports thus provides the raw material for dreams.

六、而女性在观看比赛中也从他人身上间接地获得了渴望取胜的满足感，而且有更多的女性正积极地投身到竞技体育中去。

Neverthele, women too feel vicarious satisfaction from a desire to win than ever and more women are becoming active in competitive sports.

七．到20世纪70年代初，体育爱好者们对比赛不断增长的兴趣，在电视联播中得到了进一步加强，并把职业运动转变成了利润丰厚地商业活动。

By the early 1970s, growing fan interest in the games, heightened by network television, had transformed profeional sports into lucrative busine enterprises.

八、结果，一些全新的俱乐部联合会雨后春笋般地涌现出来，与现有的体育组织展开竞争，并以诱人的工资来吸引运动员加盟。

As a result, entirely new leagues sprang up to compete with established organizations and lure away players with attractive salaries.

九、随着体育变得更像传统的商业活动，越来越多地运动员寻找他们的经纪人，代表他们参加工资谈判。现在，职业体育运动已经进入一个新时代。

As sports became more like traditional businees, players increasingly turned to agents to represent them in salary negotiations.Now profeional sports have entered a new era.

一、If you are pleased with the complaisance and attention of others to your hunours, your tastes, oryour weaknees, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention on your part to theirs will equally please them.

如果别人对你的情绪、品味或弱点所给予的恭维和关注令你高兴，那么你对别人给予同样的恭维和关注无

疑也会令别人喜悦。

二、be serious, gay, or even trifiling, as you find the present humor of the company; this is an attention due from every individual to the majority.

无论是严肃、快乐还是懒散，你的情绪要和朋友们同步，这是个人应对多数人表示的一种礼貌。

三、nor labor, as many people do, to give that turn to the conversation, which may supply you with an opportunity of exhibiting them.

即使谈话为你提供了展示这些优点的机会，你也不要像许多人那样，拼命地把它们转移到话题中去。

四、The particular characters, the habits, the cant of one company may give merit to a word, or a gesture, which would have none at all if divested of those accidental circumstances.

某个圈子中的人物、习惯和惯用语可能会看重某个词、某个手势，但离开了特定的场合，它们就可能变得毫无价值。

五、Here people very commonly err; and fond of something that has entertained them in one company, and in certain circumstances, repeat it with emphasis in another, where it is either insipid, or it may be offensive, by being ill-timed or misplaced.

在这方面人们经常会犯错误：他们喜欢在某个圈子里令他们愉快的某样事情，而在另一个圈子里特别强调地重复它。然而由于时间或地点不宜，在不同的圈子里，它要么是枯燥乏味的，要么可能是无礼唐突的。

六、Those, therefore, who flattered skillfully, said little to him of his abilities in state affairs, or at least but en paant, and as it might naturally occur.But the incense which they gave him, the smoke of which they knew would turn his head in their favor, was as a bel esprit and a poet.

于是，那些善于献媚的人几乎不提他的治国才能，即使说也只是一笔带过，仿佛自然顺带提到而已。只有恭维他为才子和诗人才会令其飘飘然并垂青于献媚者。

七、his prevailing weakne was, to be thought to have a polite and happy turn to gallantry — of which he had undoubtedly le than any man living.

他的主要弱点是希望被人认为具有骑士(绅士)般彬彬有礼的快乐天性，而他无疑比任何人都欠缺这种品质。

八、If they are both bad, she comforts herself that she has graces, a certain manner, a je ne sais quoi still more more engaging than beauty.

万一这两者都很糟糕，她就会安慰自己： 她具有比美貌更迷人的风度、举止和某种难以形容的品质。

九、But there is no living in the world without a complaisant indulgence for people’s weaknees.

但凡生活在这个世界上，就不能不宽纵别人荒谬却无害的缺点和虚荣。

十、If a man has a mind to be thought wiser and a woman handsomer, than they really are, their error is a comfortable one to themselves, and an innocent one with regard to other people, and I would rather make them my friends by indulging them in it, than my enemies by endeavoring (and that to no purpose) to

undeceive them.

如果一个男人希望被认为比其实际更聪明，一个女人希望被认为比其实际更漂亮，他们的这种错误令他们自

己觉得舒服而又对别人无害。我宁愿纵容他们、与之为友，也不愿竭力去（无缘无故地）揭人之短而为自己树敌。

十一、There are little attentions, likewise, which are infinitely engaging, and which sensibly affect that degree of pride and self-love, which is inseparable from human nature, as they are unquestionable proofs of the regard and consideration which we have for the persons to whom we pay them.

于细微处见关怀，同样也是极其动人的，因为它毫无疑问证明了我们对被关怀者是关心和体谅的，这种关怀明显会影响一个人自尊、自恋的程度，这也是人之常情。

十二、Such attention to such trifles flatters self-love much more than greater thing, as it makes people think themselves almost the only objects of your thoughts and care.

对此类细节的如此关注较之大处更能取悦自恋者，因为这令他们觉得自己几乎是你考虑和关心的唯一对象。 十

三、and shall not grudge it if you reap the advantage

你若能从中获益，我将不胜宽慰。翻译

一．我心里有一些东西，一直渴望着说出来教育年轻人；因为正是在一个人早年尚未成熟的时候，这些东西最能生根、最能持久，也最珍贵。

I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one’s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable.

二．当父母在场时要始终服从他们。从长远的观点来看，这是最好的策略。因为即使你不服从他们，他们也会使你服从。

Always obey your parents when they are present.This is best policy in the long run, because if you don’t they will make you.

三．大部分父母认为他们知道的比你多。你接受这一点，通常比你根据自己判断行事，会获得更大的收益。 Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally benefit more by accepting that idea than you can by acting on your own judgment.

四．要尊重你的上司，也要尊重你的朋友、熟人和身边的人。

Be respectful to your superiors, also to friends, acquaintances and people around you.

五．如果一个人冒犯了你，你又不能确定他是有意还是无意，不要采取极端的做法；只要等待时机予以回击就行了。

If a person offends you, and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him back later.That will be sufficient.

六 要始终避免使用暴力，因为在这个仁爱和友善的时代，依仗暴力的日子已经一去不复返了。

Always avoid violence.In this age of charity and kindline ,the time has gone by for violence.作文

WangLiping

Dept.of Sociology

Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology

Wuhan 430074

P.R.China

Sept.31 , 2007

Graduate School

School of Humanities and Social Science

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am a Master Degree student of the Sociology Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, one of the leading higher learning institutions in Mainland China.I now wish to scale higher intellectual heights by pursuing PhD study in your quality program of Sociology in the School of Humanities and Social Science and am writing to ask for a package of your application documents.Your timely aistance will be greatly appreciated.

I did my undergraduate studies at the Shandong University, one of the key universities of the country and obtained the Bachelor\'s Degree in Law in 2006.In the fall of 2006, I was accepted as a Master degree candidate by the Sociology Department ofHuazhong University of Science and Technology.My research field is social stratification and mobility and am at present writing my degree paper on therelationship of family background and social stratification in urban China.I have published 2 research papers concerning this research field in two important journals in the field of Sociology.

I am looking forward to receiving your application package.

Yours sincerely,

Wang Liping

申请国外大学

Tai Changle

P.O.Box 4444

Northern Industrial University

Xi’an 550085

Email: taichangle@mail.niu.edu.cn

April31, 2006

Graduate School

University of Wonders

London N55 44G

United Kingdom

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am a Chinese student due to graduate this year with a B.S.from the computer Department of the Northern Industrial University, a distinguished higher-learning institution based in Xi’an, a northwestern city in China.I would like to apply for acceptance into your graduate program so that I can further my training in my chosen field of studies—computer science.A11 your aistance will be highly appreciated.（写作目的、感激的话）

I was born in 1976.My education began in 1983 and in 1994 I gained acceptance into the Northern Industrial University.In the four years since, I have been receiving systematic and comprehensive training in computer science, taking coursesranging from discrete mathematics, fundamentals of combinatorics, introduction to mathematical logic, C language, etc.（背景信息）

I now would very much like to expand the horizon and insights that my education so far has endowed in me.Towards that end, I have checked around for a good western university to go to.Judging by all that I know, I think your university suits my purpose the best.It would be a great privilege for me if I could join your graduate program to advance my training.Please send me an application package and all other materials I might need to apply for acceptance.（长远的计划）

Yours Sincerely,

Tai Changle

面试后感谢

Dear Mr.Zhu:

I want to thank you very much for taking time to brief me on your company’s background and operations last Friday, and interviewing me for the position of„

I was very satisfied with the interview from my perspective, as I hope from yours.Now that I have met you and known more„, I am even more excited about the of working with you.I feel that my „match this position, and I am confident I would be„

If you have any follow-up questions, please don’t hesitate to call me at„ I am looking forward to hearing from you in the near future.

Yours sincerely

推荐第8篇：英语高考翻译

1.和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多关于花卉的知识。（enable）

2.近来，他在从事关于做笔记对学习效果的研究。（engage）

3.应该鼓励学生把上课所学的应用于实践。(encourage)

4.必须采取一切可能的措施以确保上海世博会顺利进行。（ensure）

5.任何触犯法律的人都无法逃避法律的惩罚。(escape)

6.你准备地越充分，你就能有越大的收获。(equip)

7.我们都没料到校长会出现在晚会上。（expect)

8.作为班长，你有责任为其他同学树立榜样。(example)

9.由于缺乏经验，他的实验最终还是以失败而告终。(experience)

10.没有足够的词汇量，我们发现很难自如地表达自己。(expre)

1.从某种程度上讲，老板已经同意了你的提议。(extent)

2.要不是几个小的拼写错误，这篇作文就可谓完美了。(except)

3.别对他期望太高，不然你会失望的。（expect）

4.总经理不会原谅你玩忽职守的行为的。（excuse）

5.为避免误会，你最好向她解释清楚这个问题。（explain）

6.让皮肤长时间晒太阳是有害的。（expose）

7.我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负责。

(extent)

8.据我所知，他的父母对他期盼很高。（as far as，expect）

9.MP4正在流行，而MP3已不再时兴，时尚的潮流总是这样日新月异。（fashion）

10.我完全被那景象迷住了，无法移开视线。（fascinate）

1.尽管Jack讨厌Rose，最终还是以帮助她告终。

(end, favor) 2.他蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，唯恐吵醒睡着的孩子。（fear）

3.这种鲸不以小鱼为食。（feed)

4.一场暴风雨后，他们面临着严重的水灾。（face）

5.我们最好不要与言而无信的人打交道。（fail）

6.他作为一个杰出的科学家而闻名，但他却淡泊名利。（famous）

7.龙井茶不仅在中国享有盛誉，许多外国人也熟悉它。（familiar）

8.我想请你帮个忙：你能给那位老太太系上安全带么？（favor, fasten)

9.今天阳光明媚，我想去野餐。（feel）

10.每次母亲回到家里，都发现他们在打牌。（find）

1.为了纪念这位英雄，拍了一部电影。(film)

2.正是因为坚持练习，她才能说一口流利的英语。(fluent)

3.当那美女走进来时，所有的目光都集中在她身上。（focus)

4. 这个总监总是每一个到公司，这给职员们树立了一个好榜样。(first)

5.每次母亲回到家里，都发现他们在打牌。（find）

6.为了纪念这位英雄，拍了一部电影。(film)

7.正是因为坚持练习，她才能说一口流利的英语。(fluent)

8.当那美女走进来时，所有的目光都集中在她身上。（focus)

9.这个总监总是每一个到公司，这给职员们树立了一个好榜样。(first)

10.好几年来，他一直在同疾病作斗争。（fight）

1.仅仅往大脑中蓄满知识是无用的。（fill）

2.只有通过仔细的观察和分析我们才能发现问题的所在。（find）

3.他目不转睛地看着相册，想起许多童年趣事。（fix）

4.学校应该注重培养学生对科学的热爱。（focus）

5.他在业余时间喜欢上网与人聊天。（fond）

6.随着社会的发展，越来越多追求时尚的年轻女郎要保持健康。（fit)

7．我警告你不要捉弄同班同学。（warn, fool)

8.他因家境贫寒而不得不退学。（force）

9.为了方便起见，他用短信告诉了同事们这个好消息。（form）

10.许多市民青睐地铁，是因为它不会发生交通 拥堵。（free）

2.Vicky 忘记了她在出办公室之前就把灯关了。（forget)

2.大多数参会人员不赞成此项计划。（for）

3.我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（forget）

4.我们学校禁止学生在校内吃零食和乱扔垃圾。（forbid）

5.即使他向我道歉，我也决不会原谅他的无礼行为。（forgive）

6. 因为她总是穿着奇装异服，难怪同学们要取笑她。（fun）

7. 我打心眼里对他的失败不满意。（from, diatisfied)

8. 他是公司里唯一提出这项灵活计划的人。（forward, flexible)

9．听君一席话，我们受益匪浅。(gain/ benefit)

10．总体来讲，我们希望通过参观了解这个百货商店的大致情况。(get a general idea of)

1．我真希望奶奶能尽快康复。（get）

3 男士一般不擅长购物时和店主讨价还价。（good）

4.政府已经同意他们离开该国的请求。(grant) 5．只有经历艰难困苦的人才明白人生的真谛。（go）

6．我们下决心要实现我们共同的目标。（goal）

7．众所周知，多喝水对健康有益。(good n.)

8．中国人认为子女赡养父母是天经地义的。（grant）

9．非常感谢你在我困难时向我伸出了援助之手。（grateful）

10．尽管在城市长大，他却一点也不喜欢时髦。（grow）

1．不要老是为那件事感到内疚，那不是你的错。（guilty）

2．看来他们家发生了出人意料的事情。（happen）

3．妈妈已经好久没有收到儿子的来信了。(hear)

4．适当放松一下自己有助于你提高学习效率。（help）

5．当我听到这个消息时，我几乎无法相信自己的耳朵。 （hardly）

6．众所周知，喝太多酒对健康有害。（do harm）

7．你最好检查一下你的眼睛，很明显你的视力在下降。（have）

8.乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？（habit）

9.我们去电话时，碰巧他们出去了。（happen）

10.他刚到家，他的太太就开始发牢骚。（Hardly„）

1.父亲听说女儿在大学中的优异表现时，他满面春风、容光焕发。（hear）

2.看了杰克画的卡通画，他的母亲忍俊不禁。（help）

3.没人料到这件事与那个沉默寡言的人有关。（have）

4.一旦试卷分发下去，就不可以再打开课本了。(hand)

5．一听到小男孩的呼救声，战士就毫不犹豫地跳进了冰冷的河水中。(hesitation) 6．有不懂的地方就求教于老师，不要犹豫。（hesitate）

7．幸亏这位医生，病人的手术才没有被耽搁。（hold）

8．奥委会对于这次开幕式的组织给予了很高的评价。(highly)

9.我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。(hit)

10．下星期我们要为退休工人举行一次欢送会。（honor n.）

1．通常情况下，清洁工都是按小时付费的。(hour)

2．多读一些伟大学者的著作能够帮助我们开拓视野。(horizon)

3．没弄清事实就匆忙做出决定是不明智的。（hurry）

4．我们都为中国成功地举办奥运会来感到自豪。(host)

5．那位有幽默感的教授深受学生们的尊敬。(humor)

6. 到目前为止，科学家们对电脑病毒只有粗略的了解。（idea）

7. 很遗憾，她竟然对于小区里昨天发生的事一无所知。(ignorant)

8. 越来越多的父母开始重视子女的心理健康。(importance)

9. 家庭环境会对孩子的性格产生很大的影响。（influence）

10．因特网可以使我们不断了解国内外发生的事情。（inform）

1．勤洗手可以避免疾病传染。（infect）

2.那个姑娘又活泼又幽默，给面试官留下了深刻印象。（impre）

3.他申请这份工作是为了不依靠父母。（independent）

4.他突然想到了一个好主意，他可以通过发表演说来改变他的个人形象。(idea, occur)

5.如果你忽视句型，你的翻译水平就不可能提高。（impoible）

6.来自农村的学生不必感到比大城市的学生低一等。（inferior）

7.难以想象彼得在讲台上演讲的样子。（imagine）

8.他不顾个人安危，执意留守在岗位上。（insist）

9.我对这类电视剧不感兴趣，因为它们千篇1律。（interest n.）

10.他们失败后没有怨天尤人，而是更加刻苦训练，力求在下次比赛中获胜。（instead）

1.许多年轻人受到鼓舞愿为服务公众而贡献时间和精力。（inspire）

2.感染了这种病毒的病人必须立即实施隔离。(isolate)

3.幸运地是，他在火灾前为全家人都买了人寿保险。(insure)

4.大多数人不愿意介入这场毫无意义的争论。(involve)

5.从你的成绩单来看，所有老师都对你相当满意。（judge）

6.正是因为他的粗枝大叶才使他考试不及格。（It„）

7.只有通过一次又一次的失败，我们才能找到成功的关键。(Only, key)

8.他热衷于读书是因为读书能给他带来知识和快乐。（keen）

9.网络使我们能足不出户就周游世界。（„it„）

10.由于缺乏信心，他一见到外国人就一片茫然。(lack v., lo)

1.随着两国交流日益增多，中美两国友谊长存。(last v.)

2.他从不介意别人嘲笑。(laugh)

3.近年来，越来越多的老年人被独自留在家中。(leave)

4.缓解压力的方法在于学会放松。(lie)

5.这次意外事故使他学到了“乐极生悲”这个教训。(leon)

6.由于缺乏资金和人力，地铁修建不得不推迟。(lack)

7.我们应该互相学习，共同进步。(learn) 8.只有勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功。(likely)

9.去看时装秀吧，我来洗碗。(leave)

10.这场大火整整持续了10个小时，才被扑灭。（last)

1.其实成功的意义不仅仅在于它的结果，更重要的是它的过程。(lie)

2.作为高三学生，我们不应该将理想局限于大学教育。(limit)

3.这个体育场位于市中心，这是大家很容易到达那里。(locate)

4.老师冷不丁问了她一个问题，她不知如何回答。(lo)

5.当他的孩子们离他而去，这老人过着寂寞的生活。(lonely)

6.没有信号，他们和总部失去了联系。(lose)

7.难以置信，那位百万富翁过着一种极为简朴的生活。（live）

8.他渴望能为那些艾滋病儿做些事情。（long）

9.陷入沉思，她没有注意到外面发生的事情。（lose）

10.我们盼望能参加艺术节开幕式。（look）

1,在金融危机中，大多数家庭都很难达到收支平衡。(majority, make)

2.失去的时间是没法弥补的，我们都应该好好珍惜。(make)

3.和他结婚了10年，她已经习惯过着这么简朴的生活。(marry)

4.在现代社会中，掌握一门外语对我们的生活有益。(master)

5.心理学专业的学生要做很多的实验。(major)

6.作为一名服装设计专业的学生，他渴望有一天能去巴黎。（major v.）

7.虽然交通拥挤，他还是设法把旅客及时送到了机场。（manage）

8.这种用钢制成的手表质量很好。(make) 9.他有写小说的潜质，因为他擅长编故事。（make）

10.对帮助你的人说谢谢是一种礼貌。（manner）

1.在古典音乐知识方面没人能和约翰匹敌。（match）

2.对于我们来说，重要的不是输赢，而是参与。（matter）

3.必须采取积极措施来防止禽流感蔓延。（measure）

4.做一件毫无价值的工作就意味着浪费我们宝贵的时间。（mean）

5.作为生产者，要尽力满足消费者的需要。(meet)

6.Mary 通过努力工作以及省更多的钱尽力使达到收支平衡。（meet)

7.这座纪念碑被建造，是为了纪念那位二战中被杀害的英雄。（memory)

8.Tyson 输了比赛，任凭对手摆布。（mercy）

9.使事情变得更糟的是，在丢了工作之后他的妻子也离开了他.(matter)

10.在任何情况下，我们都绝不能违背学校制定的规定。(by no means)

1.Jenny 已经下定决心，要用科学的方法做这个实验。（mind)

2.你一收到这封信，就知道事情的来龙去脉了。（The moment„）

3.在考试中越是冷静，就越少出错。(the more„the more„)

4.她被那部电影深深感动了禁不住留下了泪水。（move）

5.为了纪念他的祖父，他的名字跟他祖父一样。（named）

6.她总被误认为是她的孪生妹妹Betty。（mistake)

7.你介意我在这里抽烟吗？(mind)

8.你水果吃得越多，好处越大。（The more）

9.一个兴趣广泛的人有可能是一个博学的人。（multiple）

10.刚刚经历了九死一生，这名罪犯感到精疲力歇。(narrow)

1.这张新专辑是以歌手母亲的名字命名的。（name）

2.中看的鞋子不一定耐穿。（necearily）

3.如果不满足身体对维生素的需求，我们就会缺乏足够的营养。（need）

4.我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。（Never）

5.任何玩忽职守的消防员都将受到严惩。(neglect)

6.那位顽皮的小男孩在危险面前竟然一点也不紧张。(nervous)

7.我刚完成考试卷，考试终了的铃声就响起了。(no sooner)

8.医生坚持要这个病人立即动手术。（operate）

9.出于好奇，年幼的他走上了魔术生涯。（out of）

10.你根本不用愁眉不展，一切看起来都有条不紊。（order）

1.非常感谢你帮忙照看我的宠物。（oblige）

2.这些天，杰克正忙于筹备他的婚礼。（occupy）

3.虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。（offer）

4.显而易见，他不愿意按吩咐去做。(obvious)

5.他建议我们应该向学生开设更多的课程。（offer）

6. 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur）

7.只有持之以恒的锻炼才能使人延年益寿。（Only„）

8.世博会将给上海一个机会来向世界展示其独特风韵。（opportunity）

9.我的家人强烈反对我独自生活的计划。（oppose）

10经理对他的工作如此挑剔，他只得辞职。（particular）

1．这位年轻的教师对不太聪明的学生没有耐心。（patient）

2．单单参加田径项目的就达到了50人。（participate）

3．我们只有不断改善自我，才能跟上现代生活的节奏。（Only, pace）

4．她煞费苦心保持房子整洁，却总是被那只宠物狗搞得一团糟。（pains, me up）

5.由于油价上涨，更多的人使用公共交通工具。（owing to）

6.屋里漆成白色，而窗帘则是绿色。(paint)

7.陈先生对领带非常讲究。(particular)

8作为一名护士，你应该对病人十分耐心。(patient)

9.那位工程师平易近人，总是将自己的成功归功与同事们的帮助。（owe）

10电子邮件和电话一样，在日常交流中起着重要作用（part）

1.中秋节是中国所独有的。(peculiar)

2.你一意孤行，你将为此付出代价。（pay）

3.力劝说他不要赌博，但是他根本听不进去。（persuade）

4.在这人群中找出你多年未见的兄弟吗？（pick）

5.家人怎么劝说，她任然执意要和那个外国人结婚。（persist）

6.过这位物理学家过着如此简朴的生活。(occur)

7.计划今年暑假去浏览一些名胜古迹。（plan）

8.指出，医疗不能代替均衡饮食在保健中的作用。（point）

9.制造的鞋子价廉物美，深受当地顾客的欢迎。（popular）

10把时间浪费在这样一件小事上真是没有义。（point)

1.栽培花卉给我带来很大的乐趣。(pleasure)

2.该公司是否有计划更换电脑系统？(plan)

3.错过这么重要的讲座真是太遗憾了。(pity)

4.建议是否能付诸实施任然是个问题。（practice）

5.晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗？（poible）

6.那个女孩因在这次灾难中的勇敢表现而受到高度赞扬。（praise）

7.我宁愿上网购物也不愿去百货商店。（prefer）

8.她为这次求职面试做好了充分准备，一点也不紧张（prepare）

9.令人费解的是，他总喜欢不懂装懂。（pretend）

10 必须采取严厉措施以阻止对苏州河的进一步污染。（prevent）

1.我们目前面临的问题是如何为明天的面试做好充分的准备。（preparation）

2.成功不是秘密，而是一个系统——一个积极的信仰系统。（positive)

3.当无知主宰我们时，决不可能有真正的和平。(poibility)

4.我宁愿读书，也不愿什么也不做.(prefer)

5.他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。(present)

6.子成了一名飞行员，为此她感到自豪。（proud）

7.工作中粗心大意，却被提升为经理。（promote）

8.公司已经承诺赔偿我们的损失。（promise）

9.为这学期谁在物理方面进步很大？（progre）

10.籍和杂志能为我们提供精神食粮。（provide）

1.毫无疑问，他将因不遵守校规而受到严惩。（punish）

2.肇事司机故意隐瞒事实以逃避惩罚。（purpose）

3. 这项培训课程将使你胜任更好的工作。（qualify）

4. 结果证明这项任务比预想的要困难得多。（prove）

5. 戴太阳眼镜可以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的灼伤。（protect）

6.这本小说是专门写给年龄在7至12岁之间的孩子们的。（range）

7.知道如何对突发事件作出适当的反应是十分明智的。（react）

8.机遇和成功往往青睐有准备的人。（ready）

9.他缺席的原因是他在交通事故中受了重伤。（reason）

10 据记载，这个地区历史上发生过多次地震。（record）

1. 劳累一天后洗个澡可以解乏。（recover）

2.刘翔为我们中国人赢得了巨大的荣誉，被认为是民族英雄。（regard）

3.说实话，我真后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）

4.家长不该孩子要什么就买什么，而不管花费如何。（regardle）

5.这个问题很值得讨论，它与我们未来的生活息息相关。（related）

6.作演讲之前，深呼吸能消除你的紧张感。（relieve）

7.时间有限，这个问题留待下一次会议讨论。（remain）

8.照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。（remind）

9.可以用机器人代替人类做一些有危险的工作。（replace）

10.轻人迟疑了一会儿才回答问题。（reply）

1.要求每位学生每天为家里做一件力所能及的家务。（require）

2.济问题是由贫富差距导致的。（result）

3.男孩因帮助了陌生旅客被奖励了两块巧克力。（reward）

4.旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。（rid）

5.旅游业的兴起，该地区人们的生活正在逐步改善。（rise）

6.学校规定学生不可以将手机带入校园。(„it„)

7.的学习压力使许多孩子失去了快乐的童年。（rob）

8.队员冒着生命危险救出了火灾中被困的孩子。(risk)

9.安全起见，请系上安全带。（sake）

10.点后，这家超市都会廉价出售蔬菜和水果。（sale）

1.子出国留学是否是件好事要因人而异。（sent）

2.负责安排下次班会吗？（see）

3.乎没有理解我的意思。（seem）

4.是无论发生什么都能与你同甘苦的人。（share）

5.保持健康，我每天尽量腾出一些时间来锻炼身体。（set）

6.放下电话，门铃就响起来。(scarcely)

7.受伤的人不断增加，医院严重缺血。(short)

8.相互交流，才能缩短父母与子女之间的代沟。(shorten)

9.志愿者的职责之一就是带领游客参观展馆。（show）

10.相机与我的功能相似，但我的相对便宜。（similar）

1.我们合作，就一定能找到解决问题的办法。(solution)

2.本就没有必要花那么多钱买这么个装置。(spend)

3.令他伤心的是，他没有实现自己唯一的人生抱负。（sorrow）

4.我们遗憾地通知你，你的申请被拒绝了。（sorry）

5.尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。

6.这款运动鞋卖得非常好，已经脱销了。（stock）

7.十年的教学生涯中，她一直严以律己。（strict）

8.在除夕之夜,许多中国人守岁到半夜迎接新年的到来.(stay up)

9.只要专心学习，你一定能顺利通过考试。（succeed）

10 这音质比普通的激光唱片要好。（superior）

1.没有什么能代替鲁迅为中国文学所作出的巨大贡献。（substitute）

2.政府向灾区学生免费供应教科书。（supply）

3.我劝他不要老是生活在上次失败的阴影中。（suggest）

4.这音质比普通的激光唱片要好。（superior）

5.在除夕之夜,许多中国人守岁到半夜迎接新年的到来.(stay up)

6.只要专心学习，你一定能顺利通过考试。（succeed）

7.我劝他不要老是生活在上次失败的阴影中。（suggest）

8.政府向灾区学生免费供应教科书。（supply）

9.没有什么能代替鲁迅为中国文学所作出的巨大贡献。（substitute）

10 你能尝试用自己的话复述这篇文章吗？（try）

1.这对双胞胎长得如此相像，很难区分他们。（tell）

2.他恐吓说如果经理解雇他，他就把照片公开。（threaten）

3.我不能忍受父亲还像小孩一样对待我。（treat）

4.靠他独立完成这项实验要花费一年多的时间。（take）

5.他小儿子不断问问题，他回答得都烦了。（tired）

6.就设施而言，这家饭店也许排不上第一。（term）

7.谢谢你不辞辛劳地为我们做饭。（trouble）

8.我们只有通过努力奋斗才能把自己的理想变为现实。（turn）

9.新设备试用一段时间，你就会发现它多么有用。（try）

10 睡不好觉的人易发脾气。（temper）

1.这是他第一次在校运会上获得冠军称号。（time）

2.应该培养学生有效利用参考书。（train）

3.她很怕水，起因可归于儿时的一次事故。（trace）

4.重新设计后，我们的网站呈现出新的面貌（take）

5.许多公司用虚假广告引诱消费者购买其产品。（tempt）

6这次轮到你洗碗了。（turn）

7 我想到了一个可以安居乐业的地方。（think）

8.游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。（too„to）

9.们利用这七天假期去香港旅游。（trip）

10.大学毕业，他学习英语有八年了。(by the time)

1.说到公司的福利和工作条件，所有的雇员都闭口不谈。(talk)

2.我和他多年没有联系了，不知他近况如何。(touch)

3.无可否认环境对孩子们的成长有很大的影响。(There…)

4.一个人如果长期生活在巨大的压力下，就容易患各种疾病。(tend)

5.多亏了一系列的新发明，医生们才能成功治疗这种疾病。(thanks to)

6.每当他妈妈叫他做家务，他总是假装看书。(every time) 7.该地区的生物正受到工业污染的严重威胁.(threaten)

8.经过许多不眠之夜和艰辛努力，他们终于美梦成真。(true)

9.用手机与朋友保持联系对我们来讲既快又方便。(touch)

10乔治到处吹嘘他快要成为一名律师了（way)

1.难怪这些花要死了，你真应该早点浇水。（wonder)

2.她迫不及待地要回家告诉家人这个好消息。（wait）

3.我前天买的电动玩具坏了。（wrong)

4.他很快适应了高中新的学习环境（used）

5.那位演员似乎心甘情愿在剧中扮演配角（willing）

6．她的行为值得高度表扬（worthy）

7.好奇心和想象力常常被认为使成功的关键（view)

8.我刚要关掉电视，这时一档新闻节目引起了我的的兴趣。（when）

9.放学后玛丽没有直接回家，而是去做清洁工了。（work）

10 越来越多的大学毕业生自告奋勇去边远地区工作。（volunteer）

1.当油用完时，仪器上的红灯会亮的。（use）

2.药放在孩子们够不着的地方。（where）

3.几个月他们又访问了中国。（visit n.）

4.望这份报告在明天以前完成，不容耽搁。（want）

5.火车从视野中消失后我才回家.（watch）

6.印象最深的是他总是那么谦虚和彬彬有礼。（What„）

7.望得到刊登在今天报纸上的秘书职位。（wish）

8.将留给班长去拟定这个计划的详细内容。（work）

9.学生的好方法之一是颁发奖学金。（way）

10.告市民不要网上交友，以免上当受骗。（warn）

1.利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书.(use)

2,时装表演的门票可以在体育馆买，也可以在网上购得。（as well as）

3,是全力以赴面对挑战，这使大家印象深刻。（which）

4.百看不厌，它让人们想起了童年时光。（worth）

5.他给我发来了电子邮件，我才知道他在国外的生活情况。（not„until）

6.谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位身体健康，万事如意。(wish)

7.传来在告别会上，所以的同学和老师都畅所欲言。（Word„）

8.是追赶时尚还是穿出自己的风格由你自己决定。（up to）

9.在过去几年出现了一个现象，许多父母送子女去国外读书。（witne）

推荐第9篇：英语短文翻译

1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of bravene and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happine.2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more busine opportunities to overseas enterprises.Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement.Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation.Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.

3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s

consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic neceities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱

(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers acro China watched a science leon taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping.Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week miion.Her leon swere a series of physics demonstrations in the space.In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth.The leon has not only offered children a physics leon with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.6、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own.Today\'s Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past.Hidden

amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia\'sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the

industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated.Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer.To arouse the awarene about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day.The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impoible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours.However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco.To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists, he’ll be rewarded.9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the

realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is eential that their kids have a good command of Chinese.China’srise has fully awakened their awarene of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivene in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese.At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only.Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。

I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills.We should not turn a blind eye to the fact that individual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individualism, sexual promiscuity and exceive use of violence.// By contrast, self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asia can offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunk as a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and the West any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore, we do not necearily have to come into clash with each other.Our relationship is one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore, we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//

11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade.Therefore, it is normal tha tcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes.The key lies in how to cope with these iues correctly in a cool and wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in China stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their busine in China, and most of them are making handsome profit.At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers .Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpaed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation.The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible.There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S.economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields.Secondly, China has an outstanding labor cost advantage.//

12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predeceor being the International Pre Bureau of the Central People\'s Government Pre and Publication

Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “aisting China\'s march to the world and facilitating world\'s understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding busine, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy, we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, aiming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.//

13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。 As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning proce, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art,

architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//

Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years.Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its eential

qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings,

the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.Shanghai cuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup.Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is more appropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.

推荐第10篇：英语四级翻译

试卷一：中餐

【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜

之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。

【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food.In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art.The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking.Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account.Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as

healthy.

试卷二：信息技术

【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起

广大人民的重视是一件好事。

【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course.Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views.Some people think it is not neceary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum.Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times.

Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.

试卷三：茶文化

【真题原文】\"你要茶还是咖啡?\"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，

茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

【翻译答案】\"Would you like tea or coffee?\" That’s a question people often asked when having meal.Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea.According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country.Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America.Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an

important part of Chinese tradition and culture.

试卷四：中国结【真题原文】中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或作为饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

【翻译答案】The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，it has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts.In the ancient times，people used it to record the events，but now it was used mainly for decorative purposes.In Chinese, the knot means love, marriage and reunion, and is often a jewelry used for gift exchange or praying for good luck and warding off evil spirits.This form of handicrafts pa down from generation to generation, and

then it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world.

1.元宵节： Lantern Festival

2.刺绣：embroidery

3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival

4.清明节：Tomb sweeping day

5.剪纸：Paper Cutting

6.书法：Calligraphy

7.对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets

8.象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters

9.人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow

10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle

11.战国：Warring States

12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen

13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl

14.函授部：The Correspondence Department

15.集体舞：Group Dance

16.黄土高原：Loe Plateau

17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals

18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day

19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate

20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture

21.附属学校：Affiliated school

22.古装片：Costume Drama

23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie

24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)

25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems

26.火锅：Hot Pot

27.四人帮：Gang of Four

28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs

29.素质教育：Eential-qualities-oriented Education

30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian

31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)

32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West

33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival

34.针灸：Acupuncture

35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery

36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics

37.偏旁：radical

38.孟子：Mencius

39.亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic

40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises

41.火药：gunpowder

42.农历：Lunar Calendar

43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp

44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization

45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera

47.太极拳：Tai Chi

48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child

49.天坛：Altar ofHeaven in Beijing

50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand

51.红双喜：Double Happine

52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor

53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)

54.莲藕：Lotus Root

55.追星族：Star Struck

56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum

57.相声：Cro-talk/Comic Dialogue

58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off

59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck

60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education

61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker

62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves

63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit

64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao

65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution

66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River

67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match

68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh

69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures

70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：\"The Four Treasure of the Study\" \"Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone\"

71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army

72.旗袍：cheongsam

第11篇：英语自我介绍翻译

Dear sir\\madam,

My name is Jingjing Wang and I’m from Jingmen city, Hubei Province.By the end of this June I’ll graduate from Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, located in the famous and historical city Xi’an.

I choose the major of Machinery in the future for my great interests and I have already learned all the basic knowledge of this major.As is known to all that ‘Interests is the best teacher’, I pursuit my dream of making great progre in the scientific area by competing to become a graduate student in the very famous Hunan University which is ranking on the top universities in China, more importantly, Mechinery is a highly valued major in this great university and this will undoubtedly making my dream come true !

I really admire such a great university with profound culture and abundant ability of scientific research.Moreover, the hard-working mentors are showing great patience to all students here which convince me that I’ve made the best choice of joining this Hunan University.

I appreciate it if you may provide me with such a great opportunity of becoming a graduate student here !

Thank you all !

第12篇：英语短文翻译

Charlie was seven years old.His sister, Emily, was two years younger than him.One day, their mother took them to their uncle\'s house to play while she went to the big city to buy some new clothes.

The children played for a while, and then their uncle took Charlie into the kitchen.He gave him a nice cake and a knife, and said to him, \"Now here\'s a knife, Charlie, Cut this cake in half and give one of the pieces to your sister, but do it like a gentleman.\"

\"Like a gentleman?\" Charlie asked.\"How do gentlemen do it?\"

\"They always give the bigger piece to the other people,\" .answered his uncle.Charlie thought about this for a few seconds, and then he took the cake to his sister and said to her, \"Cut this cake in half, Emily.\"

Charlie七岁。他的姐姐，Emily比他小两岁。有一天，由于他们的妈妈要到城市去买些新衣服，所以就把他们带到叔叔的家去玩。

当他们玩了一会儿，他们的叔叔便带Charlie进厨房。叔叔把一块美味的蛋糕以及一把刀给了Charlie，然后对他说：“这里有一把刀，Charlie，你把它切成一半，分给妹妹，要像个绅士。”

Charlie就问他叔叔：“像个绅士？我要怎么做个绅士？”

他叔叔回答他：“他们（绅士）时常都会分比较大的一份给别人。”

Charlie就想了几分钟，然后就把蛋糕给了妹妹，并对她说：“把这块蛋糕切成一半，Emily。”

第13篇：英语中英翻译

exclusive privileges 独有的特权

better off 更好的

national income 国民收入

busine investment expenditure 企业投资支出 replacement cost 重置成本

short-distance distribution 短途配送 downtown busine district 市中心商业区 checkout counter 结账柜台 the required reserve 准备金 self-sufficient 自给自足的 shopping centre 购物中心 know-how 专有技术

floating captial流动资本 economies of scale 规模经济

talk show 谈话节目

viewer demographics 观众人口统计数据 the peculiar powers 独特的力量 foreign-trade zones 对外贸易区 investment demand 投资需求 outlying villages 偏远的村庄 advertising media 广告媒体 a change in situation 形式的变化 captial equipment 资本设备

原材料Raw material 产品统一条形码 The unified product bar code 标准化集装箱Standard container 贸易差额Balance of trade 名胜古迹historical interest 规模经济Scale economy 垄断性竞争Monopolistic competition 补偿贸易Compensation trade 赤字 in the red 原始资本积累 Primitive accumulation of capital

无形贸易Invisible trade 定期存款账户Deposit account 市场经济Market economy 商业银行Commercial Bank 生产资料The means of production 文明世界The civilized world 基础设施Infrastructure 额外储备金The extra reserves 保险费Insurance premium 直接税Direct tax 医疗设备 Medical device 人造丝Artificial silk 批量生产Batch production 携手合作Work together 垄断性竞争Monopolistic competition 在和平时期In times of peace 保险单Insurance policy 成本效益Cost effectivene 提单 bill of lading 财政危机Financial crisis 人际关系Interpersonal relationship 每隔几分钟 every free minutes 保守秘密Keep a secret 国家税务State Taxation 生活方式 Way of life 两份报纸 two copies of newspaper

一块肥皂 a bar of soap

一件家具 a piece of furniture

一把剪刀 a pair of sciors

丢弃 throw away

陷入困境 get into trouble

工业产品 industrial goods

农产品 agriculture goods

一辈子一次性的收获 a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition

没有出路的工作 a dead-end job

付一大笔钱 pay good money

过时 be out of fashion

流行 be in the fashion

批量生产 ma-production

降低成本 lower the cost

在起作用 be at work

物美价廉的产品 better quality products at good values

所得税 income tax

投放市场 put on the market

小批量 in limited quantities

大量地 in large quantities

要求 ask for

下降 go down

从商go into busine

努力做某事 strive to do sth.

医疗设备 medical device

劣质产品 inferior products

一条面包 a loaf of bread

温和宽容的 easy- going

人造丝 artificial silk

假牙 artificial teeth

对„有害 be harmful to

警惕 be on guard

认为某事当然 take sth for granted

由„组成 be composed of

一个中年妇女 a middle-aged women

一些性格开朗的女孩 an open-minded girl

一个意志软弱的人 a weak-minded man

一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier

遭受 suffer from

由于压力 as a result of stre

警告信号 warning signals

交通阻塞 traffic jam

指出 point out

逃离 run away from

自杀 commit suicide

从事摄影 take up photography

高度工业化国家 a highly industrialized country

工业生产 industrial production

制成品 manufactured goods

领先 take over the lead

失去领先地位 lose one\'s lead

赤字 in the red

就„而言 as far as „ is concerned

易手 change hands

赚钱 earn money

金融中心 a financial centre

贸易中心 a commercial centre

国际贸易 international trade

外贸 foreign trade

商船船队 a merchant fleet

巨额金钱 vast sums of money

一大笔钱 a large sum of money

对付，处理 deal with

有形贸易 visible trade

无形贸易 invisible trade

贸易差额 trade gap

失血 lo of blood

高度机械化的工厂 highly mechanized factory

产品统一条形码 universal product code

黑白相间的条纹 zebra stripes (or black and white stripes)

斑马线 zebra croing

油炸土豆片 potato chips

炸薯条 French fries

黑白电视机 black and white televisions

墨画 black and white

身上青一块紫一块 be black and blue

光学扫描器 an optical scanner

激光束 laser beam

目的是 be designed to

消灭，消除 do away with

付账后离开 check out

到达登记 check in

现金出纳机 cash register

在左边 on the left side

收款台 check out counter

原材料 raw materials

制成品 manufactured goods

近在手边 at hand

衣夹 clothes-peg

晒衣绳 clothes-line

桌布 a tablecloth

洗碗布 a dishcloth

洗碗机 a dishwasher

原始人 primitive people

现代人 modern people

穿着 be dreed in

从„上刮去 scrape„from

把„纺成„ spin„into„

把„制成make„into

4000万年前 over four thousand years ago

在远古时 in the time immemorial

富人和穷人一样 the rich and the poor alike

想到 think of

剪去 cut off

讲故事 spin a yarn

保守秘密 keep a secret 直接税 direct taxes

间接税 indirect taxes

收入所得税 income taxes

纳税人 taxpayer

税务员 tax-collector

免税的 tax-free

国税 state taxes

地方税 local taxes

穷人 the poor

富人 the rich

年轻人 the young

老年人the old

高达 as high as

以„形势 in the form of

政府机关 government offices

凭借 by means of

在某个星期一的早晨 on a Monday morning

在星期一的早晨 on Monday morning

乘火车 take train

乘公共汽车 take bus

布莱克一家 the Blacks

向某人道别 say goodbye to sb.

向某人道歉 say sorry to sb.

每隔几分钟 every few minutes

每隔一天 every other day

每隔一行 every other line

不久以后 shortly afterwards

通向 lead to

抓牢 hold on to

一打鸡蛋 a dozen eggs

在阳光下 in the sun

注意 pay attention to

继续作某事 keep (on) doting

好像 as if

自信 self-confidence

自信的 self-confident

自大的 self-important

自助的 self-service

自给自足的 self-sufficient

自学的 self-taught

一般的 in general

确信 be sure of

习惯于 become accustomed to

抱怨 complain about

说实话 tell the truth

说谎 tell a lie

适用于 apply to

处理 deal with

依赖于 depend on

必修课 a required course

同„相处 get along with

考虑 think about

日复一日 from day to day

从始自终 from beginning to end

每况愈下 from bad to worse

减速 slow down

在使用中 in use

不再使用 out of use

免费入场 admiion free

免所得税 free of income tax

免费获得某物get sth.free

再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内 within walking distance

探知，查明 find out

得到以下结论 come to the conclusion that

得出结论 draw a conclusion

交通高峰时间 rush hours

交通拥挤 traffic jams

援助计划 aid program

视觉教具 visual aids

助听器 hearing-aid

捏粘土 work clay

揉面团 work dough

一定数量的 a certain amount of

大量地 in large amounts

小额地 in small amounts

优于 be superior to

劣于 be inferior to

把„与„相混合 mix„with„

把„与„分开 separate„from

把„分成 separate„into

用尽 use up

表现了„的特点 be characteristic of

究竟，到底 on earth

五大湖区 the Grate Lakes region

通知某人某事 inform sb of sth.

利用 take advantage of

准备某事 be ready to do sth.

很容易拿到 within easy reach

够不到 out of reach

想出，熟思 think out

在人力方面 in terms of manpower

在理论上 in terms of theory

投资于 invest in

以„代替„ replace„with„

创新进步innovational advances

大波动 major fluctuations

领导，带头 take the lead

成群，大批 in a swarm

一大群蚂蚁 a swarm of ants

生产资料 means of production

大量购买 buy in bulk

参考书 reference book

面对„困难 come up against

利息率，利率 the interest rate

货币市场 money market

企业投资支出 busine investment expenditure

不愿做某事 be reluctant to do

和„联系在一起 be aociated with

与„有关系 be related to

归因于 ascribe to

规模经济 economies of scale

以空前的速度 at an unprecedented rate

换句话说 to put it in somewhat different words

成功地做成某事 succeed in doing sth

压出，榨取 squeeze„out of

每一单位投入 every unit of input

多于，超过 in exce of

过渡 to exce

在非常有利的条件下 under extremely favorable conditions

优于，胜过 be superior to

劣于，次于 be inferior to

在春末 in late spring

企图做某事，尝试做某事 attempt at doing sth

攻击，袭击attempt on

拆开，拆散 take sth apart

国民生产总值 Gro National Product (GNP)

生产性投资 productive investment

与„并驾齐驱 keep pace with

由于„的原因owing to

因„值得受到称赞 deserve credit for

与„对照，与„对比 as opposed to

外汇分配 foreign exchange allocations

停止 leave off

可自由支配的收入 disposable income

对„负责 be responsible for

准备，筹备 provide for

到现在为止 as yet

弥补 make up for

政府支出 government expenditures

消费支出consumption expenditures

时间滞差 a time lag

总计，合计 in the aggregate

集中精力于 concentrate on

与„有很大关系 have a lot to do with

与„无关系 have nothing to do with

逐渐获得，逐渐建立 built up

免税 tax exemptions

技术，技能 know-how

擦去 wipe away

辨别，区别 distinguish one thing from another

建于„之上 be based on/upon

独有的特权exclusive privileges

独家代理权 exclusive agency

商标 trademark

商品名称 trade name

同类卖价，批发价格 trade price

关于 with respect to

不管，不顾虑 without respect to

公平交易 fair dealing

使„与„相关联 attach„to„

就„之限度，在„范围内 so far as

无形因素 intangible factors

无形资产 intangible aets

对某事加以考虑 take sth into account

大约，多少有一点 more or le

广泛的兴趣 a wide range of interest

相当独特 fairly individual

显著，杰出 stand out

反之亦然 vice versa

垄断性竞争 monopolistic competition

常常 more often than not

纯粹的垄断 pure monopoly

纯粹的竞争 pure competition

纯粹浪费时间 a pure waste of time

至于 as for

需求曲线 demand curve

概言之，一般说来 in general

阻止某人做某事 preclude sb from doing sth

排除所有误解 preclude all misunderstanding

需求计划 demand schedule

与„竞争 in competition with

不完全竞争市场 imperfectly competitive market

与„配对 be paired with

以任意的形势 in random fashion

与„合并 be merged with

有几分，稍稍 in some measure

把„至于显著地位 bring into the foreground

产生 arise from

部分独立 partial independence

经济学文献 economic literature

给„以其应有分量 give due weight to

集中精力于 focus attention on

观点 point of view

与„不协调 out of harmony with

与„协调 in harmony with

经济增长的代价the cost of economic growth

不惜任何代价，无论如何 at all costs

丧失，牺牲 at the cost of

势如破竹的胜利 an overwhelming victory

极度的悲哀 overwhelming sorrow

绝大部分公民 the overwhelming number of its citizens

渴望，向往 yearn for

继续，连续 a continuation of

为„奋斗 struggle for

心醉于，被迷倒 be charmed with

踩，践踏 tread on sth

踩在某人的脚趾上 tread on sb\'s toes

相互追逐 tread on each other\'s heels

得意洋洋 tread on air

与某人祸福与共 cast in one\'s lot with sb

决不是，绝对不 anything but

盼望，期待 look forward to

结果，因此 in consequence

富裕繁荣的社会 the affluent society

在富裕的环境中 in affluent circumstances

对„满意 be content with

丰富的饮食 food and drink in abundance

过着丰衣足食的生活 live in abundance

依次，轮流 in turn

赶上琼斯家 keep up with the Joneses

赶上，不落后 Keep up with sb/sth

继续作某事 deep on doing sth

更富有，跟舒服 be better off

生产商诱导而产生的需要 producer-induced demand 成为„之一部分 enter into sth

自然增长或产生 accrue from sth

英国的工业革命 the English Industrial Revolution

传统的生活方式 traditional pattern of life

仅仅，只不过 nothing but

等于 amount to

不是，而是 not„but„

吸引„的注意 get the attention of

食品杂货店 grocery store

为„竞争 compete for

干得好 do a good job

记在心里 remain in one\'s mind

收款台 checkout counter

国营公司 state-owned company

合资公司 joint ventures

白雪覆盖的山顶 snow-covered peak

糖衣药丸 sugar-coated pills

营业时间 busine hors

因公 on busine

开始谈正事 get down to busine

激烈的竞争 strong competition

通货膨胀 inflation

顺差 surplus

城市商业区 downtown busine district

保险业 insurance

不断的 never-ending

受限于 be limited by

被认为是 be perceived as

把„局限于 confine„to

为了一切有实用价值的目的 for all practical purposes

能够做 in the position to do

使„变成 turn„to

对„有影响 have an effect on

总纲 general principles

以„为目的 be aimed at

与„相关的 relate to

与„联系在一起 aociate with

太阳能 solar power

受„的控制 be subjected to

引入 lead up

通讯系统 communication system

能源危机 an energy crisis

财政危机 a financial crisis

业余画家 an amateur painter

业余摄影家 an amateur photographer

道德的基础 the basis of morality

柱基 the base of a pillar

自然现象 the phenomena of nature

故意的 on purpose

商业银行 a commercial bank

金融机构 a financial institution

金融中心 a financial centre

财政困难 in financial difficulties

与生俱来的特权 the privileges of birth

活期存款账户 checking accounts

定期存款账户 savings accounts

州政府 the state government

联邦政府 the federal government

答应一项帮助 grant a favor

答应一项请求 grant a request

发给银行执照 grant a charter to the bank

一定量的资产 a specified volume of aets

遵循一定的常规 follow certain practices

隶属于州的银行 state banks

国家银行 national banks

活期存款 demand deposits

与„相结合 couple with

部分准备制的原理 the fractional reserve principle

在任何一次 at any one time

可用，握有 on hand

公债 government loans

内债 domestic loans

外债 foreign loans

可能的买主 a prospective buyer

增加了 increase by

增加到 increase to

被看作 be counted as

防备取款 a precaution against withdrawals

追溯到 trace to

法定最低储备金 the required reserve

额外储备金 exce reserves

就„意义而言 in the sense

在某种意义上 in a sense

自由港 free port

外贸保税区 foreign-trade zones

经济特区 special economic zones

从事于政治 engage in politics

忙着工作 be engage in busine

与某人订婚 be engage to sb.

普通港口 a regular port

中东 the Middle East

远东 the Far East

近东 the Near East

关税壁垒 tariff barriers

起作用，生效 in operation

为„付关税 pay a tariff on„

索价，要价 charge„for

原材料 raw material

制成品 manufactured products

码头工人 dock workers

造船厂，修船所 dockyard

内河航行 inland navigation

广告媒介 advertising media

天天，逐日 from day to day

并肩地，相互支持地 side by side

说出，(尤指无意间)吐露 throw out

吐露秘密 throw out a secret

有吸引力，引起兴趣 appeal to

目标观众 target audiences

有线电视 cable television

有线电视广告收入 cable ad revenues

使遭受，面对 be exposed to

抛却，扔掉 throw away

旧货商 a junk dealer

预付费用 the advance cost

成本效益 cost effectivene

被分为 be segmented into

(广播中的)答问节目 talk shows

解释，说明 account for

使(某人)信服 convince„of„

相当提前 well in advance

有„倾向的 be subject to

有很高的重复接触率 high repeat exposure

保险 insurance

保险额 insurance value

保险公司 insurance company

保险范围 insurance coverage

保险费 insurance premium

作为对„的报答 in return for

防御 protect against

不愿意做某事 be unwilling to do

经商，经营 in busine

因公有事 on busine

赚钱 make a profit

收入，接受，吸收 take in

付钱(如福清费用)pay out

投保人 policyholder

保险单 policy

建于„之上 be based on

索价，要价 charge for

毛利 gro profit

净利 net profit

国民生产总值 gro national product

统计学原理 a statistical principle

大数定律 law of larger numbers

随„变动 vary with

在相反的情形下 in the opposite situation

使恢复 bring sb back to

在„之前 prior to

为此目的 toward this end

由于„而发生 result from

导致 result in

故意行为 an intentional act

放火纵火 set fire to sth

在欺诈的情况下 in cases of fraud

有助于，促成 contribute to

重置费用 replacement cost

资本支出 capital expenditure

资本货物 capital goods

固定资本 fixed capital

流动资本 floating capital

资本积累 accumulation of capital

原始资本积累 primitive accumulation of capital

把„用于 employ„in„

以同样的方式 in the same manner

有几分，有点儿 in a manner

补偿贸易 compensation trade

在和平时期 in time of peace

在战争时期 in time of war

足够的 a sufficiency of sth

迫使某人做某事 oblige sb to do sth

侵占，侵害 encroach upon/on

预定，命中注定 be destined for

由„所造成的 be occasioned by

在大多数情况下 upon most occasions

在那个时机 on that occasion

曾经，有一次 on one occasion

很少，不常 on rare occasions

足以 be sufficient to

从„而产生出来的 be derived from

使恢复 restore to

投资需求 investment demand

投资规模 investment scale

消费者需求 consumer demand

国民收入 national income

指出 point out

在„方面起着关键作用 be pivotal in

设身处地 put oneself in the place of

可能作某事 be likely to do 许多 a host of

对某事加以考虑 take sth into account

对某事不予考虑 leave sth out of account

在开始时 at the outset

从开始时 from the outset

政府的年限 the life of a government

企业预测 busine expectations

决定性的因素 a crucial factor

在重要的关头 at the crucial moment

在„方面 in terms of

国内工业 home industries

国内产品 home products

国内贸易 the home trade

国内市场 the home market

美国国会 the United States Congre

外贸保税区法 the Foreign Trade Zones Act

(英国)议院的法案 An Act of Parliament

(美国)国会的法案 The Acts of congre

外贸保税区管理委员会 the Foreign Trade Zone Board

董事会 the Board of Directors

国际商务局 the Bureau of International Commerce

天津商检局 Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau

美国商业部United States Department of Commerce

市场经济 market economy

计划经济 planned economy

决定性的测验 the crucial test

决定性的问题 the crucial question

在重要的关头 at the crucial moment

以分散的方式 in a decentralized fashion

市场价格机制 a price-and-market mechanism

技术工 skilled labor

劳工与雇主之间的关系 labor relations

工党 the Labor Party

纯粹的形式 a pure form

英国工业革命 the English Industrial Revolution

法国大革命 The French Revolution

普遍地 at large

倾向于做某事 be inclined to do sth.

全社会 society at large

有„倾向的 be subject to

由„产生的 stem from

实质上，根本上 in effect

供求机制 the supply and demand mechanism

完全承袭„传统 in the full tradition of

对于„感到悲观 be peimistic about

对于„感到乐观 be optimistic about

指出 point out

个人利益private interest

社会利益 society interest

支持某人on sb\'s side

获胜，击败 triumph over

高度计划的社会主义经济 highly planned socialist economies

用这样或那样的方式 in one way or another

介入 step in

决不 by no means

当然，必定 by all means

就„而言 as far as„is concerned

比较利益 comparative advantage

把„从„解放出来 free„from

使„束缚于 bind„to„

生产过程 production procees

比较利益原则 the law of comparative advantage

指„而言 refer to

把„比作为 compare to

适用于 be applicable to

使适应，使适合 be geared to/toward

为某事给某人报酬或奖赏 reward sb for sth

把„应用于，使用于 apply„to„

归类程序 sorting proce

彼此 one another

相比之下 by contrast

卷入 involve in

完完全全的自由贸易 perfectly free commerce

致力于 devote„to

对„有益处的 be beneficial to

整个社会的普遍利益 the universal good of the whole

独特的力量 the peculiar powers

大批量生产 ma production

总的生产规模 the general ma of productions

总收益 general benefit

商业往来 commercial intercourse

文明世界 the civilized world

把„用于„ employ„in

不得不做某事 be obliged to do sth.

在„方面低劣 inferior in

在„方面优越 superior in

交换 in exchange for

对„有利 be advantageous for

使„从„转移到 divert„from„to

标准化集装箱 standardized containers

集装箱运输container transport

陆运 overland transportation

海运 sea transportation

空运 air transportation

水运 water transportation

管道运输 pipeline transportation

联运 combined transport

承运人 carrier

托运人 consignor

收货人 consignee

铁路运单 consignment note

空运单 air waybill

租船合同 charter party

提单 bill of lading

订舱单 booking note

重新占领市场 regain market share

背负式运输服务 piggy-back service

从„方面来讲 in terms of

专门从事 specialize in

与„结合 merge with

失效，崩溃 break down

存货占用成本 inventory carrying costs

短途送货short-distance distribution

长途送货long distance distribution

汽车装运的货物 trucked goods

空运货物 air freight

基础设施 infrastructure 1.Food,for example,is a kind of goods.everyone eats food,but the ayerage person does not think much about all the things that must happen before food appears on his plate.例如，食品就是一种商品，人人都要吃东西，但是一般人对食品出现在他们盘子里之前势必发生的一切并不多去想。

2.Men andmachines made the wood into paper,which had to be packaged and carried by trucks and put into stores.at every step in proce peopre had to paid for their work,money had to be usedfor buying and so on.人使用机器把木材制造成纸，然后纸被包装好并用卡车送到各个商店在这过程中的每个阶段，人们的工作都必须得到报酬，买机器，修机器等等都得花钱。

3.When there are no resources left,we will start tolook after what we have.but why can’t we act before this happens?why can’t we goback to a society in which prevention of waste is a virtue?当地球上的资源耗尽时，我们就会珍惜所拥有的东西。但是为什么在一切发生之前，我们就不能有所作为呢？为什么我们不能回到制止浪费就是美德的社会去呢？

4.This has led directly to the ‘throw-away society’and to the waste of the earth’s resources.这直接导致“浪费社会”的产生和对地球资源的浪费。

5.Just think of the expensive packaging material that is thrown away each time a new object is bought.想想吧，每购买一件新商品，昂贵的包装材料就被扔掉了。

6.Beause there was such a demand for the product,manufacturers began making tiues in larger and larger wusntities.因为对产品需求量很大，厂家生产的数量也越来越大。

7.Modern ma-production methods lower the cost making goods,and thus give us better values.现代成批生产方法降低了商品的生产成本，使我们花的钱花得更值。 8.In this way.better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups.这样，物美价廉的产品正不断地被奉献给各种不同收入的人们。

9.Every word on a label describing a food,a durg,a cosmetic or a medical device is important in protecting you and your family from buying an inferior product,four misusing a good one,from being tricked by dangerous,or from unknowingly poeing an item harmful to health.标签上描述一种食品，一种药品，一种化妆品或一种医疗器械的每个字都很重要因为它保护你和你的家庭使你们避免购买劣质商品。避免不正确地使用好的产品，避免受危险的庸医之骗，避免不知不觉的拥有对健康有害的东西。

10.Foods composed of two or more ingredients must bear labels listing all ingredients in the order of predominance.对于由两种或两种以上配料构成的食品，其标签必须以各配料的多少为序一一列举。

11.Unfortunately these chemicals produce the energy needed to run away from an object of fear,and in modern life that’s often impoible.这些化学物质所产生的能量使我们能够从令人恐惧的物体迅速跑开但不幸的是在现代社会里，这常常是不可能的。

12.The country is the fifth most densely populated in the world with 56 million people on 0.18% of the world’s land.英国的人口密度在世界上排为第五位，5600万人居住在只占世界陆地面积0.18%的土地上。

13.Generally,money from “invisible”trade exceeds the lo on “invisible”trade.britain can withstand a faintly large “trade gap”on visible trade before she is really “in the red”.总的来说，“无形”贸易的收入超过有形贸易的差额。只有当英国经受不住共有有形贸易相当大的“贸易差额”时，他才会真正出现“赤字”。

14.These black and white strips can be read by an optical scanner,or computer.光学扫描器，也就是一台计算机可以阅读这些黑的条纹。

15.Errors in prices are eliminated,or done away with.价格上的差错就可以消除。

Also,the time spent checking out is reduced.其次，花在结账上的时间也减少了。 16.When primitive people began to wear clothing regularly,they had to make it from the materials at hand.当原始人开始经常穿衣服时，他们只能用于手头的材料做衣服。

17.However,we do know that,very early in history rich and poor people alike were wearing wool clothes.然而，只有我们知道，很早就在历史上穷人和富人都穿羊毛衣。

18.The national economy is better because of this specialization,but these workers over 10percent of the entire labor fore depend entirely on the buying habits of the remainder of the population.国民经济更好，因为这个专业化，但这些工人超过10 %的整个劳动力完全取决于购买习惯的剩余人口。

19.In automobiles are not sold ,these specialists lose their jobs.The price of specialization is interdependence.在汽车没有出售，这些专家失去工作的专业化是相互依存的价格。 20.By stimulating industry,by rewarding ingenuity,and by using most efficaciously the peculiar powers bestows by nature,it distributes labor most effectively and most economically通过刺激，奖励创新，并利用最有效的独特的力量赋予的性质，它的最有效和最经济地分配劳动力

21.if portugal hadon commercial connection with other countries,instead of employing a great part of her capital and industy in the production of wines,with which she purchases for her own use the cloth and hardware of other countries ,she would be obliged to devote a part of that capital to the manufacture of those commodities,which she would thus obtain probably inferior in quality as well as quantity如果葡萄牙景点商业与其他国家，而不是用大量的资本和产业生产葡萄酒，与她购买自己的布和硬件的其他国家，她将不得不把一部分资金用于制造这些商品的，她会这样可能获得质量低劣以及数量

22.other advantages include greatly costs in packing,handing,unpacking,and final preparations neceary for sale to the consumer其他优势包括成本大包装，装卸，拆包，和最后的必要准备出售给消费者

23.with the recent deregulation of transportation,this pattern has changed.随着近年来运输管制的解除，这种模式已经改变。

24.unle changes are made nationally to restore this \"infrastucture\",the future cost and effectivene of the various transportations services can be expected to change dramatically除非改变了全国恢复这个“基础设施”，未来的成本和效益的各种交通服务可以预期的戏剧性的变化

25.without it,it would be impoible to pay the solidiers and policemen who protect us.没有它，就不可能支付的士兵们和警察保护我们的人。

26.It is arranged in such a way that poor people pay nothing,and the percentage of tax grows greater as the tax payer’s income grows.它是安排在这样一种方式，穷人不纳税，百分比和税收增长更为纳税人收入的增加。

27.Of course,it is the people who buy these imported things who really have to pay the duties,in the from of higher prices.当然，这是谁的人买这些进口的东西真的有缴纳税款，在从更高的价格。

28.In developing advertising strategies,marketers must also consider the best advertising medium for their meage.IBM,for example,uses television ads to keep its name fresh in consumers \'minds.But it uses newspaper and magazine ads to educate consumers on the produce\'s abilities and trade publications to introduce new software.Each advertising medium has its own advantages and disadvantages在制定广告策略，营销人员还必须考虑最佳广告媒体的信息。公司，例如，利用电视广告保持其新鲜消费者想法.但是利用报纸和杂志广告对消费者进行教育的生产能力和贸易出版物介绍新软件。每一个广告中都有自己的优点和缺点

29.one disadvantage of television is that there are too many commercials causing viewers to confuse products电视的一个缺陷是有太多的广告，使观众混淆产品 brevity also makes television a poor medium in which to educate viewers\' about complex products简洁也使得电视一个贫穷的介质中，教育观众的复杂的产品

30.brevity also makes television a poor medium in which to educate viewers\' about complex products简洁也使得电视一个贫穷的介质中，教育观众的复杂的产品

there are a host of obvious facors that you would have to take into account at the outset有许多明显的因素，你必须考虑到当初

31.like the unknown principle of animal life,it frequently restores health and vigor to the constitution ,in spite,not only raw disease,but of the absurd prescriptions of the doctor喜欢未知的动物生活的原则，它经常恢复健康和活力的宪法，尽管，不仅疾病，但医生荒谬的处方

32.probably this kind of indirect tax,together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich,is the best arrangement.或许这种间接税，连同直接税收收入较低，为穷人和富人，都是最好的安排。

33.it his book,contact:thee first four minutes,he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships:every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.他的书，联系人：你的第一个四分钟，他提供了这样的建议有兴趣的人，开始新的友谊：每当你在社交场合遇到人时，集中精力于他四分钟。

34.such people,as they themselves produce nothing ,are all maintained by the produce of other men\'s labor when multiplied,therefore,to an unneceary number,they may in a particular year consume so great a share of this produce,as not to leave a sufficiency for maintaining the productive laborers,who should reproduce it next year这样的人，因为他们自己生产的，都是由其他人的产品劳动时成倍增加，因此，对一些不必要的，他们可能在一个特定的年消费如此之大，这个比例产生，不会留下足够维持生产性劳动者，谁应该复制它明年

35.whatever a person saves from his revenue he adds to his capital,and either employs it himself in maintaining an additional number of productive hands,or enables some other person of the profits无论一个人从他的收入，他还节省资金，并采用它自己保持一个额外的一些生产的手，或使其他人的利益.36.hearing such advice,one might say ,”but I’m not a friendliy,self-confident person..听到这样的建议，有人可能会说，“但我不是一个friendliy，自信的人。 37.while some policies provide certain exemptions,in general to qualify as an insurable risk,the risk should be predictable,outside the control of the insured lo must be predictable虽然一些政策提供一定的豁免，一般资格作为可保风险，风险应该是可预测的，控制范围以外的保险损失必须是可预见的

38.also,special buses can be chartered for trips to the mountains,to lakes,and to nearby places if historical interest.同时，特殊的巴士。可包车前往山区，湖泊，和附近的地方，如果历史的兴趣。 39.therefore,individuals wite lower probability of accidents as determined by these claification characteristics should pay a relatively lower premium因此，个人与低概率事件所确定的这些分类的特点，应该是一个相对较低的溢价 40.the more they know ,the better their prediction and the fairer the rates they set will be .insurance companies also benefit from a statistical principle called the law of large numbers他们知道的越多，更好地预测和更公平的他们的价格也就。保险公司也得益于一个统计原理称为大数法则

41.for example,an iron cooking pot,if it is not carefully dried,will rust in a few hours beause the oxygen in the water will combine with the iron.例如，一个铸铁锅做饭，如果不认真干，会生锈的几个小时，因为水中的氧将与铁。

42.the reason why companies often find insurance appealing is clear in return for a sum of money ;they are protected against certifs.potentially devastating loes公司的原因经常发现保险吸引力是明确的回报一大笔钱；他们免受证明.潜在的毁灭性的损失

43.for example,the person who reads popular photography is more likely to be interested in the lastest specialized lenses from canon than is a gourmet magazine subscriber例如，人谁读大众摄影是更可能感兴趣的最新专业镜头佳能比是一个美食杂志订阅

44.while direct mail is often thrown away as ‘\'junk mail\",advertisers can predict in advance how many recipients will take mailing seriously而直接邮件经常被丢弃的\'垃圾邮件”，广告主可以预测提前多少者将采取邮寄严重

45.the most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or services.最明显的目的是告知消费者提供的产品或服务。

46.science is the never-ending struggle to find truth.科学是永无止境的斗争中找到真理。

47.this flatne was acceptable as “truth”because travel and human knowledge of celestial phenomena were so limited that no other concept was needed.这平坦被接受“真理”因为旅行和天文现象的知识是有限的，不需要其他的概念。

48.the demand deposits placed in banks,coupled with the fractional reserve principle,give bankers the power to anther the supply or money in the economy.存放在银行里的活期存款，加上部分储备金，使银行家有权花药或经济中的货币。

49.but it is not just the state of the marker that one has to estimate,as a busineman,you would also have to investigate whether there are new productive methods and procees available to you that will make the investment profitable in terms of reducing costs production an improved product但它不仅仅是国家的标志，人们估计的，作为一个商人，你也将调查是否有新的生产方法和过程提供给你，会使投资获利方面降低成本，改进产品的生产。

50.the trader expects to pay a tariff on the goods he is going to sell in the United States.交易员预计将支付关税的货物是在美国销售。

51.in some free prots the foreign merchants may display their products for customers.在一些免费的港口外商可以显示他们的产品为客户。

52.because if improvements in ships and navigation,European nations began trading a great deal with each other and the rest of the world.因为如果船舶和航运的发展，欧洲国家开始大量贸易与彼此和其他世界。

52.those unproductive hands ,who should be maintained by a part only of the spare revenue of the peole,may consume so great a share of their whole revenue,and therefore oblige so great a number to encroach upon their capitals,upon the funds destined for the maintenance of productive labor m that all the frugality and good conduct of individuals may not be able to compensate the waste and degradation of produce occasioned by this violent and forced encroachment这些非生产性的手，谁应保持只有一部分的收入的人，会消耗大量的税收，因此要求这样大的一批侵犯他们的首都，在资金的维持生产劳动，所有的节俭和个人行为可能无法弥补的浪费和降解产生的这种暴力和强制侵占.53.historically,the self regulating market economy is a modern rather than an ancient invention,involving rather special aumptions such as the treatment of land and labor as commodities从历史上看，自我调节的市场经济是现代而不是一个古老的发明，涉及相当独特的假设，作为治疗的土地和劳动力作为商品

54.the answer as one might expect,is very complicated and is subject to much disagreement among the experts答案是可以预期的，是非常复杂的，受到许多分歧专家 55.in a preliminary way ,however,we can indicate at least two lines of argument that must affect all serious thinking about this theory 在初步的方式，但是，我们可以表明至少2行论点必须影响所有认真思考这一理论

56.the first line of argument really stems from the analysis that emphasizes the eential viability of the market system第一行的争论真正源于分析，强调市场经济体制本质上的可行性

57.this argument is in the full tradition of claical economic thought这个论点是在充分的传统的古典经济思想

58.they would point out that adam smith gravely underestimated the divergence betweemn private and social interest他们指出，亚当严重低估的分歧个人利益与社会利益之间的配合

59.in one way or another,citizens of every country in the world have asked that governments step in to change this or that aspect of the functioning of a price and market mechanism一种或另一种方式，公民在世界各国已要求政府在改变这个或那个方面的运作的价格与市场机制

60.thus,the crucial question,as far as the public interest is concerned,is not whether there should be any intervention that question has really been settled by history.but what degree of invention should be permitted.因此，关键的问题，只要公共利益有关，不应该有任何干预，这种问题已经在历史上解决了，但是干预的程度应该被公众允许。

61.this system makers it poible to produce large quantities of goods ang services,as well as provide some leisure for workers.该系统制造商可以生产大批量的货物和服务，以及提供一些休闲的工人。

62.in this way,the output of the office is higher.这样，输出的是高。

63.this stroting proce puts dentists in their office,carpenters besides their tools,and drivers in the cabs of trucks,and nurses in the wards of hospitals.这资料排架进程中提出的牙医的办公室，除了他们的木匠工具，和司机在驾驶卡车，和护士在病房的医院

64.but as the resources required by each mode break down in the decade ahead, changes seem likely.但由于资源需要由每个模式打破在未来十年变化，似乎有可能。

65.it also offers believable coverage,since ads are present side-by-side with news.它也提供了可信的报道，因为广告是目前并排与新闻。

66.it allows advertisers to combine sight, sound and motion,thus appealing to almost all the viewer’s senses.它允许广告商联合视线，声音和动作，从而吸引观众的几乎所有感觉。

第14篇：英语课文翻译

英 語

第1模块

課 文 翻 譯

玲玲：你好，萨莉！进来坐坐。对不起房间有点不整洁。我收拾一下桌椅。 萨莉：嗨！瞧这些扇子！它们很漂亮！你有一个相当好的收藏品。 玲玲：是的，我有五六十把扇子。你收藏什么东西吗？ 萨莉：有，我收藏娃娃。我弟弟收集邮票。 大明：我收藏票——你知道的，汽车标和火车票。

玲玲：真的吗？但是我真正的爱好是音乐。我一直拉小提琴和听音乐。 玲玲：什么使你对音乐如此感兴趣？

萨莉：我爸爸是一位音乐家。我经常听他拉小提琴。八年前他就给了我第一把小提琴。

玲玲：而现在音乐把你带到中国来。你下次什么时候演奏？ 萨莉：在这学期末。在北京电视台有一个音乐会。 大明：因此你现在能轻松一点，对吗？ 萨莉：哦，不。我要和你一起上学。 玲玲：太棒了。

萨莉：但下星期五不行„„ 大明：下星期五有什么要发生？

萨莉：我要去北京电视台。我将在明星大搜索节目中做一个采访。

大明：我听说过那个节目。人们唱歌或演奏音乐，而听众选择最佳歌手或作曲者。

玲玲：哇！你将会真的很出名。 特别的爱好

很多学生都有爱好，比如阅读、绘画、在花园里种菜和照顾动物等。有些爱好是休闲型的，其他是创意型的。爱好可以使我们成长，培养我们的兴趣，帮助我们学习新的技能。

大卫 史密斯是个学生，他的爱好是写作。在2000夏天，他在夏令营度过四周。除了常见的活动如驾驶帆船、登山和山地自行车运动之外，还有一个有专业作家参加的讨论会。她叫我们想象我们在一个故事中。然后我们写写我们在夏令营中的经历。在高中时，他写了一个关于青少年的故事，于2003年出版成书。很多十几岁的青少年都喜欢读他的书，而大卫也因此成为一名成功的年轻作家。

大卫是幸运的，他的爱好不仅给他带来了快乐，同时还带来了成功。不过，他还对很多其他事情感兴趣。“我也喜欢排球。”大卫说：“我花一些空闲时间为校排球队打排球。也许将来我会写更多的书，但我也不肯定。”

有时候，我们很难记住“不要把所有的时间都花在最大的爱好上”这个建议。生活中有很多其他有趣的事情可做，我们应该尝试新的或不同的事情。

第2模块

陈欢：你知道萨莉 马克斯威尔是否已经到了吗？ 接待员：那就是马克斯威尔女士。 陈欢：你好，是萨莉吗？

萨莉：是的。这是我的朋友玲玲。我问过你的秘书她是否能够来。

陈欢：哦，可以。你好玲玲。好吧，我要问你一些私人问题并记录你的回答。好，这边走„萨莉。欢迎到中国来。 萨莉：谢谢。

陈欢；你能告诉我你来自于何地吗：

萨莉：可以，我来自伦敦。我和几个同学在这里。事实上，我正在学汉语。 陈欢：而且我听说你在学校的管弦乐队里演奏。

萨莉：是的，我们最近的一场公开音乐会几个月之后将在“明星大搜索”节目里举行。但是我不知道谁会来。

陈欢：我能问问你是否想念英国或你的亲人吗？

萨莉：是的，我想念我的父母，但是在这儿我有一些亲密朋友。

陈欢：我知道外国人发现中国不同于他们自己的国家。它让你感觉如何？ 萨莉：这儿是一个非常令人激动的地方。但是我不喜欢“外国人”这个词。我在这里的访问全部是关于交朋友的。

陈欢：好吧，萨莉，谢谢你。而且祝你音乐会好运„（他们停下来。）那太棒了！因些这段录音将是节目的一部分。顺便问一下，你为什么不带你所有的朋友到北京电台呢？也许下周某个时间？ 玲玲和萨莉：好的，谢谢！ 一个美丽的微笑 张贝

当我13岁时，一个男孩给了我一个重要礼物。那是一个微笑。

那是我初中生活第一年的早秋。而且我的母校在远方。结果，没有人知道我是谁。我非常孤独，而且害怕和任何人交朋友。

每次当我听到其他同学在谈着、笑着，我都感觉到心碎了。我不能跟任何人谈论我的问题，而且我不想让父母担心我。

有一天，我的同学们和他们的朋友高兴的谈论着。而我像平时一样闷闷不乐的坐在桌子边。就在这时，一个男子进了教室。我不知道他是谁。他经过我的身边，然后转过身。他看着我，什么也没说并且笑了笑。

突然，我感觉到光明和友谊的触摸。它使我感到高兴，充满活力和温暖。 那个微笑改变了我的生活。我开始和其他同学交谈并且交朋友。渐渐地，我变得和班上每个人亲近起来。那个带着幸运微笑的男孩已经成了我最好的朋友。 一天， 我问他为什么微笑。但是他不记得曾经对我微笑过。

这没关系，因为所有黑暗的日子已经过去了。现在我相信世界就是你想像的那个样子。如果你认为你是孤独的，你也许总是孤独的，因此对世界微笑，它会回报你的微笑。

第3模块 陈欢：大家好！

萨莉：我们感谢你带我们参观北京电台。

陈欢：别客气。我喜欢带领游客参观游览。现在，我想回答你们的问题，但是记住小心红灯„ 贝蒂：„停止交谈！

陈欢：请走这边。这是新闻室。我们在这里收集最新新闻和写报道。 玲玲：我怎样能成为一名新闻播报员？

陈欢：在北京电台每个人需要说好英语。因此支持学习，也许有一天你能加入到我们当中来。这就是我从事明星搜寻工作的地方。我们决定听什么以及采访谁。

大明：体育新闻怎么样？我喜欢听足球结局。 陈欢；在那边。 托尼：我想成为一名体育记者。 大明：我也一样！

陈欢：这里就是我们准备天气预报的地方。让我们看新闻播报员。好了，看见红灯了吗？请安静。

新闻播报员：最后，一些关于中英足球比赛的新闻。英国得了2分，而中国„三分。

大明：嗨！我们赢了比赛。 托尼：而我们输了!我讨厌输球！ 大家：嘘！

新闻播报员：明天的天气——上午晴天，下午将有雨。六点新闻到此结束。 无线电时光

“你多大了？”wxbn无线电工作室的经理低下头看了看我问道。 “十五岁”，我回答说。

“你想在电台找份工作？难道你不应该待在学校吗？”他问道。

我能怎样解释？我一直喜欢广播。在我四五岁的时候，我记得自己坐在客厅的收音机旁，听我喜欢的节目和喜欢的播音员的声音，就好像他们本人在亲自和我交谈。在我九岁的时候，我在一家小电台找工作。

当我长大了一些，我对广播的爱好也与日俱增。一天，我了解到因特网电台。每周一次，我通过我爸爸的计算机给听众弹奏我最喜欢的音乐、谈论我的学校生活然后关掉再做作业。

不久初中的好朋友开始听我的节目，然后他们想帮助我。我们准备每周的节目，关于音乐的文章、体育新闻、笑话和天气预报（我通过看窗外来做到这些）。 “好吧，跟我来，”wxbn的经理说。我坐在工作室里的麦客风前面。他在玻璃墙后的一个房间。

“好吧，让咱们检查一个声音吧。只要告诉我你早餐吃了什么。” 所有的主持人回答同一个问题。 “我吃鸡蛋、水果和喝牛奶。” “好，很棒！”玻璃墙后的人说道。

我的第一份在真正的电台的工作就是这样开始的。

..................................................................................................................................................................

第4模块

（爱尔兰音乐，伴随小提琴„） 玲玲：太可爱了！谁在演奏？

萨莉：那是我们！陈欢想要为他的节目准备一段录音，而且他把他的cd录音机借给了我。管弦乐队昨天在练习爱尔兰音乐，因此我就录了下来。

托尼：它是如何操作的？

大明：让我们看看说明吧！“如果你想打开录音机，按蓝色键。如果你想重播的话，按绿色键。“ （同一首爱尔兰乐曲） 大明：你已经那样做了。

托尼：“„如果你想录音的话，按红色键。如果红灯不亮的话，等30秒。”行，我们试试吧！ 大明：它在奏效吗？ （回放：它在奏效吗？）

托尼：是的。“如果你想通过电子邮件发送录音的话，把录音机和你的电脑连接上。如果没有绿灯，选择 ‘复制’记号。” 玲玲：是你在拉小提琴吗？

萨莉：不，那是我最好的朋友凯丽。她位得相当好。 玲玲：但是你为什么想送陈欢一份凯丽演奏的录音呢？ 贝蒂：嗯，她是我的朋友，而且这对她很重要。 玲玲：但是它对你也很重要，萨莉。

贝蒂：我认为陈欢在明星大扫帚节目中想听到的是你，而不是凯丽。快点萨丽。你的小提琴在哪里？托尼，按“录音”键。

托尼：好了！女士们，先生们，请欢迎我们的明星音乐家——萨莉 马克斯威尔。 所有人：哇！ 请微笑

如果蛇咬了你，用手机照张相吧！它也许能挽救你的生命。这是一位英国厨师的令人奇怪的 建议。

一天， 亨利 杰克逊 正在饭店的厨房里工作。他从桌子上拿丐一个盘子，突然一条蛇出现了„并咬伤了他的手。

几天前，这条蛇藏在一个来自亚洲的装香蕉的箱子里来到这家饭店。它爬出箱子并且躲在盘子下面。

“我走过去努力把它捉起来，它又咬了我。我把它丢到厨房另一边。它落在冰箱上。因此我关上了门。”杰克逊先生说。

不管怎样，杰克逊先生保持着冷静并且用他的手机给这条蛇拍了一张照片。很快，他的手开始疼痛，他去了医院。然后他的胸口开始痛。医生说不出毛病因为他们不知道这条蛇是哪种蛇。

然后杰克逊先生想起他的手机照片。医生把它送到伦敦动物园。当他们知道了蛇的各类，他们就能够给杰克逊先生正确用药，而且他第二天就出院了。

“因此我的建议是这样的：如果蛇咬你，拿起你的手机，先给它照张相，然后把相处给医生看。”杰克逊先生建议道。“哦，如果蛇在照相的时候不笑，不要着急。” 第5模块

贝蒂：萨莉，告诉我关于音乐会的情况。

萨莉：嗯，我们一起演奏了一些音乐。然后我们当中的一个人在明星大搜寻音乐会结束时表演独奏一些爱尔兰舞蹈音乐。

玲玲：一首独奏？你的意思是单独一个人在大家前面？你行，我可不行！

萨莉：哦，管弦乐队将在后面演奏。我们的音乐老师将在最后的练习期间选择最佳演奏者。而且如果我弹得好，我将在明星大搜寻音乐会期间表演独奏。

贝蒂：而且如果凯丽打败了你，她将表演独奏并且成为明星大搜寻上的明星。

萨莉：是的，但事实上，我想凯丽赢。 玲玲：为什么？

萨莉：她父母提醒过她要注意功课，如果她和管弦乐队度过太多时光，他们将会惩罚她并送她去不同的学校。 贝蒂：多么遗憾啊！

萨莉：如果她去了不同的学校上学，我将看不到我最好的朋友。 玲玲：因此我们能做什么？ 萨莉：如果我们的老师选择凯丽，她将演奏舞蹈音乐。如果她成了明星，她的父母将为她而感到自豪，也就不会再把她送走了。 玲玲：我明白了问题所在。

萨莉：但是如果我拒绝演奏，我们的老师将不会选择我，她将选择凯丽。

贝蒂：但那是如此一件憾事！你演奏得如此好。

萨莉：我总有一天有另外的机会的。而且我将保住我最好的朋友。 亲爱的黛安娜 亲爱的黛安娜：

上一周，我的朋友大卫买了一个新计算机游戏并且要在我爸爸的计算机上玩它。但是我爸爸已经警告过我不要用他的计算机玩游戏，因为他要用它工作国。我只能它做我的家庭作业。他认为如果我在上面玩游戏的话，它就会出毛病。

哦，我的爸爸外出了，因此我们决定试试大卫的游戏。我们把它拷在计算机上，当我们结束后，我们把从计算机上删除。我们相当确信我爸爸不会注意到任何东西。但是当爸爸昨天晚上用他的计算机里，他真的很生气。因为它染上了病毒！ 但是我没有告诉他关于计算机游戏的事。

现在我觉得很可怕，要修理它将会很昂贵。我应该告诉他关于计算机游戏的事吗？我应该提 供费用吗？ 你的， 史蒂夫

亲爱的史蒂夫：

哦，天啊！你已经犯了两个错误。首先，当你爸爸告诉你不要用他的计算机时你用了它。第二，你没有告诉他关于游戏的事。是的，你必须立刻告诉他。你要是对他说实话，他会对你生气，但至少你能证明你是多么诚实。

然后，我认为你应该提供费用。但是你不应该用你的零花钱——毕竟是你父母给了你那些钱。

如果你主动帮忙干些家务活或者帮助他干些他的工作，他会认为你的确很抱歉。

哦，下次和大卫一起踢足球吧！ 最好的祝福 黛安娜

复习模块

你想做一名电视台的新闻记者吗？人们以常问我为什么喜欢我的工作。哦，它很令人激动。我是第一个了解到新闻故事的人。我周游世界，并与人们交谈。我了解到在不同的地方正在发生的事情。我和一些重要人士和著名人物交谈。我采访过政府官员，著名的男、女运动员和影星。我询问他们的生活。我想了解他们的感受。

很多人想在电视新闻栏目工作，所以你必须充满精力，具有创新意识。你必须表现出你能够做这件事。你必须学会怎样使用录像机，怎样写报道，怎样对着镜头说话。学习的最好方法是什么？你们学校或大学的电视台是一个好的开始的地方，但是你必须要获得一份工作！ 大多数人从没有报酬的工作开始，所以他们能够学习。学习的最好的地主是在一个小电视台。那儿没有多少人，因此，你获得更好的工作经验。我曾经在一个小电视台拥有一份没有报酬的工作。有一天晚上，当大家都病了的时候，我就播报新闻。我做得很好，因而我得到了我的第一份有报酬的工作。

第6模块

大明：嗨！昨天晚上10点钟你是醒着的吧？ 贝蒂：不，我太困了，为什么问这个？ 大明：萨莉来了。 托尼：她说了些什么？

大明：她太杰出了。她说她和许多来自伦敦的同学在一起，她并且在学习中文。

托尼，她谈过她的朋友吗？

大明：她说她很想念父母，但是她在这儿有一些非常亲密的朋友。 托尼：那是我们。

大明：并且她说中国是一个非常令人兴奋的地方，但是她不喜欢“外国佬“这个词。她解释说她的访问是关于交朋友的。 贝蒂：啊！那真是太好了。 托尼：就这些吗？

大明：是啊，会面就这样结束，但是陈欢之后说萨莉的小提琴真的拉得很好。

他说他们的音乐会非常的棒，并且每个人都非常喜爱这种音乐。最后，他播放了萨莉的音乐录音，她太杰出了，我真的想鼓掌的喝彩。 贝蒂：所以她知道她是朋友中的一员，好的，但是我们担心她是因为她不高兴，我们必须照顾她。

早上好，我是陈欢。下面是我今天（周一）为大家准备的文化播报。 今天晚上8点，学生影院将放映一部新影片，叫《加勒比海盗》，这是一部非常好看的惊险片。此片约翰尼 德普和奥兰多 布鲁姆主演，他们两个都是广爱欢迎的著名党员。他们俩在片中的演技非常出色，使得角色真实可信。故事是关于一条旧船的，它环绕加勒比海诸岛航行。德普和布鲁姆试图找到一些丢失的黄金，后来他们遇到一些坏人，不得不与他们展开搏斗。影片中有许多打斗场面，看上去确实很惊险。他们还救出了姬拉 奈特莉，她扮演的是伊丽莎白，一位富人的女儿。奈特莉和布鲁姆的几场戏十分美丽、浪漫。虽然这部电影不是反映现实的，但却令人兴奋，有些地方还非常好笑。这是一部很好看的影片，虽然我觉得打斗场面过多。但除此以外，它仍是一部出色的影片。如果这部电影刚上映时你没看的话，我建议你现在就去看，我敢肯定你会喜欢它。电影将上映一周。

第7模块

玲玲：欢迎来到北海公园。

萨莉：真安静！我几乎听不到街上汽车的声音并且没有一个人高声叫喊。我甚至能听见鸟儿在歌唱！

玲玲：政府想要保护中国所有公园的环境。我们围着湖边散步，穿过寻座桥，攀登上白塔，今天的空气非常清新，所以我们就可以从那儿看到整个公园。那关于音乐会你又怎么做呢？

萨莉：嗯，我已经给老师打过电话了，我说我的手和手臂都受伤了，我不想参加最后练习中的演奏，我说我只想在乐园的空闲时间参加搜星音乐会的演奏。

玲玲：这样凯丽就可以表演独奏了，不是你。你老师说了些什么？ 萨莉：她说她感到很遗憾，她问我到底出了什么问题。 玲玲：你告诉她真相了吗？

萨莉：嗯„我说我的手和手臂受伤了。她问我是不是我练习得太多了。我说不是的。她又问我是否能帮助我，我叫她不要担心，她就叫我照顾好自己，要多加休息并且尽快地好起来。

玲玲：好主意！对于我们的五一假期。我们为什么不去一个国家公园放松一下呢？——武陵源历史名胜风景区 亲爱的爸爸妈妈：

我们正在湖南省和玲玲的叔叔一起休假，并且我们在武陵源历史名胜风景区玩得非常愉快。这里非常大，大约有390平方公里。在这块神奇的土地上有高山、森林和河流。它以那奇形怪状的高大岩石而著称国。有的人认为它们看起来像士兵，有的说像动物。在中国的一位著名画家吴冠中于1979年创作了一些有关这儿的美丽的风景作品之前，很少有人知道这个地方。

昨天晚上我们在一个小湖旁边露营。夜间，我听到很大的声响，好像有人在笑，我叫醒了玲玲和她的叔叔，就问他们那是什么声音。玲玲的叔叔叫我们不要担心，然后离开了帐篷去查看那是什么。几分钟以后，他叫我们悄悄地走出来，然后他指缶森林里面，有只猴子，它一看到我们就跳上了树，回到森林里面去了。

今天早上我乘坐一辆电缆车上一天子山——这很安全！我们希望从山顶上会看到湖泊、森林的美景，但是我们只能看到山峰高耸入云。然后我们就从小径步行而下，途经树林、瀑布和植物回到我们的小帐篷。我从一株植物上摘下了一片叶子，但玲玲的叔叔叫我赶快洗手并且不要碰它，因为它很危险国。他还说摘树叶是不对的，我们应该保护这里的一切，我感到非常的惭愧。

明天我们就要去中国第二的淡水湖——洞庭湖。 我们下星期回学校。真希望你们也在这儿！ 爱你们的， 萨莉

第8模块

托尼：贝蒂，五一假期有什么计划吗？

贝蒂：我和我父母要去拜访在山东的一些朋友。当与他们在一起时，我们将会在青岛待几天。我们将一直待到5月5号。 大明：托尼，你在英国庆祝五一节吗？

托尼：是啊，我们庆祝劳动节，但是假期不总是在5月1日，是在离5月1日最近的星期一，并且我们只放一天假。

贝蒂：在美国，劳动节是一个国家性假期，但是也在同的日期。它在九月份的第一个星期一。并且是新学期开始之前的最后一天。 玲玲：你们有什么特别的活动吗？

贝蒂：我们会野营，或者到一个美好的地方野炊，再或者就去海滩。不过当然是在假期快结束的时候。九月到来的时候，就开始变凉了，所以劳动节之后我们就开始上课了。 大明：我们也会劳动节一结束就返回学校。

玲玲：确实。我们的天气会更好，然后我们在暑假开始之前仅仅只有几个星期。

贝蒂：是啊！就让我们玩个痛快，直到回到学校。

世界各地的人们都庆祝新年。然而，并非所有的国家庆祝的方式都一样，而且，一些国家的新年不是每年都在同一天开始。这要取决于季节、月亮或太阳的变化。

在许多国家，新年开始于1月1日，但在12月31日，新年前夜，人们就开始庆祝。在纽约，许多人去朝代广场庆祝新年。人们在等待新年到来的同时，听音乐、唱老歌，快乐无比。12点至，人们从10开始倒计时：

10、

9、8„ 一到12点，大家高声欢呼“新年快乐”“辞旧迎新”。突然，烟花四起，饮料沫飞溅。有时，人们还会唱起老歌《友谊天长地久》。

新年常常是家庭的节日。有些人在家放松，有些人和（外）祖父母、叔叔（舅舅）、婶婶（舅妈）聚在一起，共享美食。天气好的话，许多家庭出去散散步。

新年那一天，许多人都要立下新年目标。他们列出一个单子，比如说，“我将要多帮家里干活儿。我将在学校更努力地学习。”或者“我不再花那么多时间玩电子游戏了。”单子列好后，他们会读给家人或朋友听，并且保证向目标奋斗。

所以，人们怎样庆贺新年没有关系，对于世界各国的人们来说，此时都是辞旧迎新的时候。

第9模块

托尼：对学校的乐队来说还真不错，而且萨莉真的很擅长于小提琴。 贝蒂：是啊，他们太棒了！但最后一曲就要到来了，我正期待着它呢！ 托尼：那首舞曲？萨莉要演奏这首吗？

贝蒂：不，她错过了最后的练习，结果凯丽就可以独自演奏这首曲子了。

她说她手受伤了。但是那不过是个借口。 大明：她为什么那样做？

贝蒂：我想她这样做凯丽就可以避免和她父母的问题。 也许她正努力帮助凯丽，她真的很勇敢。 大明；我同意，这真是一个善良的想法。 贝蒂：嘘！他们开始演奏了，所以请保持安静！ 托尼：但你们看！

玲玲：嗨！大家好，对不起我迟到了。 托尼：看！凯丽和萨莉在干什么？

玲玲；她正站起来，因为她们将一起演奏。 贝蒂：发生什么了？

玲玲：她们的老师向凯丽问清了萨莉的真正原因，凯丽知道萨莉为什么错过最后的练习，她请求她们的老师重写最后的舞曲，这样她们两个人就可以一同演奏了。

托尼：现在她们将会一起成为今晚搜星活动的明星。 玲玲：我打赌萨莉一定赢，国为她才是今晚真正的英雄！ 我的英雄——诺曼 白求恩

诺曼 白求恩是国中最有名的英雄之一，但他不是中国人——而是一位加拿大人。他为帮助中国人民献出了自己的生命。

诺曼 白求恩出生于1890年。1916年他成为医生，他在第一次世界大战中，到前线为受伤的士兵治疗。他看到许多士兵死于战争，后来发明了新的治疗方法来救治士兵，还发明了在医院之外使用的医疗器械。

1938年，他来到中国，为延安以北山上的士兵做治疗。那里的医生很少，所以他的工作很辛苦。他创办了医院，给当地的居民和士兵进行治疗，并培训医生和护士。他也写书，为的是能够让医生们学习新的治疗方法。

白求恩大夫不停歇地努力工作。有一次，他连续做了69个小时的手术没有停，拯救了112个生命。尽管在做手术过程中割破了手，他从没停下来。最后，他因为不停地工作而没医治手上的伤口牺牲了。 救治中国士兵使他在中国成了英雄。许多书和电影都记述了他的事迹，加拿大人和中国人仍然怀念他。

第10模块

玲玲：现在，你的航班号码在哪儿？ 萨莉：在这里！飞往伦敦的ca937.贝蒂：我想要和你一起去！

贝蒂：我也想！我们想要一段美好的时光。

大明：但是只要看看所有这些城市。你可以从这里飞往世界任何地方。 托尼：我想去纽约、华盛顿和洛杉矶。我想参观好莱坞并遇见一些明星。

贝蒂：首先，我想去伦敦，然后我想乘火车去巴黎。那儿有一些极好的饭店，而且我想吃所有我最喜欢的食物。

大明：我想去非洲。我想看大象、狮子和所有其他的动物。 萨莉：你想去哪儿，玲玲？

玲玲：我想和你一起去英国。而且我们将去看大型户外流行音乐会。但是„我不愿意乘飞机。 萨莉：你不愿意吗？ 玲玲：恐怕飞机会出故障。 贝蒂：别犯傻！

托尼：你可以乘船或乘火车，尽管它会花你如此长的时间以至你一到那儿就立刻需要返程。

萨莉：嗯，我会很高兴和你们所有人待在一起。

通告：乘坐ca937飞往伦敦的乘客，请到12号门。你们的航班正在登机。

萨莉：那是我的航班！再见了，各位！保持联系！ 所有人：再见，萨莉！别忘了写信！ 玲玲：祝旅途平安！ 一个完美的假期？

想象这个：你父母因公外出，而你不得不一个人待在家里。生活将会像你父母在你身边一样简单吗？对你来说它将会是一个完美的假期吗？

郑晨玉说她会担心“我在哪里找食物？我将怎样做？”这位14岁的女孩说她对做饭知之甚少。

“我可以用西红柿鸡蛋汤充饥，也就这些。我认为我的许多同学也一样。我们会不知道做什么，或怎样照顾我们自己，”郑说。“而且我会忘记一些重要的事情。我也许会看电视然后煮汤。”

尽管郑相信基本的生活技能，如做饭和洗衣服特别重要，她认为青少年没有得到足够多的练习。

“我一离开家，我将学会做饭。但现在父母几乎为我们做所有的事情。我们很懒惰，”她说。

大多数青少年只有时间做作业。他直到上大学才学会一些生活技能。 然而司马义果不这样认为。

“我认为我将会很好。我不会只吃三明治或水果。我知道怎样做一些简单的菜肴，因为妈妈做给我看过，”这位13岁的男孩说。以他的观点，许多青少年太多地依赖父母，除了做饭以外，他们有更多的东西要学习，如“整理房间甚至得体地装扮自己。” 对大多数青少年而言，它将根本不是一个假期。

第15篇：英语公司名称翻译

英文中除了用company和corporation表示“公司”“及“企业”之义之外，经常使用“公司”广义上的对应词，例如firm， house， busine， concern， combine， Partnership，group， consortium， establishment， venture，conglomerate， multinational，transnational等。lines，agency等也是名正言顺的“公司”的说法。了解这些语言惯例有助于你的英语阅读和英语翻译。

看下面的例子：

1．line（s）：（轮船、航空、航运等）公司。例如：

Atlantic Container Line 大西洋集装箱海运公司。

Hawaiian Air Lines，夏威夷航空公司

2．agency：公司，代理行。

例如:

The Austin Advertising Agency 奥斯汀广告公司

China Ocean Shipping Agency 中国外轮代理公司

3．store（s) 百货公司。

例如：

Great Universal Store 大世界百货公司（英）

Tesco Stores （Holdings）坦斯科百货公司（英〕

4．aociates（联合）公司。

例如：

British Nuclear Aociates 英国核子联合公司

Subsea Equipment Aociates Ltd.海底设备联合有限公司（英、法、美合资）

5．system（广播、航空等）公司。

例如：

Mutual Broadcasting System 墨脱广播公司

7． service（s)：（服务 ）公司。

例如：

Africa－New Zealand Service 非洲--新西兰服务公司

Tropic Air Services 特罗皮克航空公司

此外，exchange，center等词在特定的上下文中也可转义表示“公司”。例如： American Manufacturers Foreign Credit Insurance Exchange 美国制造商出口信用保险公司

Binks engineering Exhibition Center, Ltd.宾克斯（上海）涂装工程设备展示有限公司

值得一提的是，不仅“公司”的表达法多种多样，就是一些特定的公司往往也不止一种说法，例如，“联合公司”除了aociates之说，另外还有以下各灵活表达法。

1．Consolidated coal Company 联合煤炭公司

2．Allied Food Industry Co.联合食品工业公司

3．Integrated oil Company 联合石油公司

4.Federated Department Stores 联合百货公司

5．Union Carbide Coronation 联合碳比合物公司

6.Aociated British Plectra Corporation 英国联合影业公司

7.China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export Joint Company 中国农业机械进出口联合公司

8．United Aircraft Corporation 联合飞机公司

第16篇：英语6级翻译

中国是欧亚地区重要的国家。中国的发展离不开世界，更离不开欧亚地区。同样，世界的发展、欧亚地区的发展也离不开中国。中国的发展给世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家带来重要机遇。中国稳定和谐的政治社会环境、丰富优秀的劳动力资源和潜力巨大的市场，为与世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家开展互利互惠的经济合作提供了理想的场所。我们高兴地看到，通过这些年的不懈努力，中国的中西部地区和东北等老工业基地有了长足进步，呈现美好的发展前景。

China is an important country in Eurasia region,Chinacan not develop itself in isolation from the world,especially the Eurasia region.Likewise,the development of the world and the development of the Eurasia also can not be realized without China.The development of China brings important opportunities to every nation of the world,especially the countries in the Eurasia region.China,with a stable and harmonious political and social environment,having rich and excellent human resources and great potential markets,is an ideal place for every country of the world,especially the countries in the Eurasia region to develop the economic cooperation which can be mutually benefited.We are glad to see that the Central and Western China and the old industrial base of the Northeast China have made rapid progre and displayed a good development future by the continuous efforts of these years.中国稳定和谐的政治社会环境、丰富优秀的劳动力资源和潜力巨大的市场…

句中的“和谐”，“劳动力资源”都是平常时政新闻中经常出现的词汇，可分别译为

“harmonious”,“human resources”。

选自吴邦国在欧亚经济论坛开幕式上发表的讲话。2005年欧亚经济论坛11月10日上午在西安举行。正在陕西考察工作的中共中央政治局常委，全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国出席论坛开幕式并发表讲话。

第17篇：英语课文翻译

Unit1-A网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。

随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。

学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。

Unit2-A“令我担心的是，”史蒂夫说，“那种音乐对桑迪可能有负面的影响。我不知道我们的女儿到底怎么回事。她在变，我很担心她。化妆品，糟糕的音乐，谁知道以后还会有什么花样？我们得和她谈谈。新闻里报道的尽是惹上麻烦的青少年，可他们的父母却不知道自己的孩子有什么问题。”

“哦，我倒不认为她的音乐如此糟糕。但不管怎么说，你还是说得对，我们需要和桑迪谈谈，” 简说。 去上班的路上，简·芬奇一面开着车，一面想着她的桑迪。她知道自己想说什么，得对桑迪说什么。她和桑迪之间还可以进行交流，这令她很高兴。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之间沟通的渠道畅通。她想在桑迪的身边，做她的保护人，同时又给她寻找自我的自由。

Unit3-A如今我知道他是通过我，他唯一的儿子，间接地参与了一些事情。我打球时（球技很糟），他也“打”；后来我加入海军，他也“加入”了。我休假回家时，他一定要让我去参观他的办公室。在介绍我时，虽然没有说出口，但他实际上在说：“这是我儿子，但也是我。如果我没瘸，我也会和他一样。”

如今父亲已去世多年，但我时常想起他。不知他当时是否留意在我们同行时，我不愿意被人看到。若他确实注意到了，那我真惭愧当时没能对他说我是多么对不起他，我是多么不孝，我有多么后悔。现在，每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候，每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候，每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候，我就会想起他。

每逢此时，我就设想自己将手搭在他的臂上，重新找回自己的平衡，我会说：“你按你的步速走，我跟着你。”

Unit4-A我说：“你是说现在？今晚？还是在我的余生中？”之后有片刻的沉默。接着董事长仰头放声大笑。其他人也跟着笑起来。幽默可以打破尴尬场合中的紧张气氛。

如果一定要我用几个字说出我的建议的话，那就是“别太当真”! 你总会发现有一些人对待自己太过认真。他们通常不是在沉思，就是在滔滔不绝地谈论自己。

仔细地观察一下你自己，你说“我”的次数是否过多？ 你通常是否将注意力集中在你个人的问题上？你是否经常抱怨？ 对于上述问题，哪怕只有其中一个你给出的是肯定的回答，那么你就需要“别太当真”了。为了让别人感到自在，你自己先要表现得轻松。不必作出大的改变，只需要保持自我。你本身已具备了给人留下良好印象的能力，因为要保持你的自我，只有你自己才能做得好，谁也代替不了你。

Unit5-A发型设计师们也强调每个人都存在着危险， 所以我们每个人都有权保护自己——无论结婚与否。

这些经验不是解决艾滋病危机的唯一方法，但在找到治疗艾滋病的方法之前，教育不失为预防感染艾滋病病毒的唯一安全措施。

和以前其他传染病不同，艾滋病这一传染性疾病有可能夺去一代人的生命，从而使另一代人失去双亲。因而我们决不能让文化、种族和社会的障碍阻止我们专心从事我们必须做的工作。我们也不能因为政府工作效率低而放弃我们的工作。这是一场不宣而战的战争，我们每个人都必须参加，只有这样我们才能取得胜利。我们绝对不能因为谈论艾滋病会使我们感到难受，而听任人们继续被艾滋病夺去生命。每个人都必须成为教育者，必须学会生存。

第18篇：英语课外读物翻译

As regards his attitude towards the credibility of early Roman history he is quite as conscious as we are of its mythical and unsound nature.He will not, for instance, decide whether the Horatii were Albans or Romans; who was the first dictator; how many tribunes there were, and the like.His method, as a rule, is merely to mention all the accounts and sometimes to decide in favour of the most probable, but usually not to decide at all.

从对早期罗马历史上可信度的态度可以看出，对于我们的神话了的和不健全的本质他非常清醒的。例如，他不会去判定贺拉斯兄弟定是阿尔巴人还是罗马人；或者谁是第一个独裁者；他们有多少教堂，等等这些类似问题。他的态度，作为准则，是仅仅提及所有的问题，有时对有些但不是对所有决定有帮助。

No canons of historical criticism will ever discover whether the Roman women interviewed the mother of Coriolanus of their own accord or at the suggestion of the senate; whether Remus was killed for jumping over his brother’s wall or because they quarrelled about birds; whether the ambaadors found Cincinnatus ploughing or only mending a hedge.Livy suspends his judgment over these important facts and history when questioned on their truth is dumb.If he does select between two historians he chooses the one who is nearer to the facts he describes.But he is no critic, only a conscientious writer.It is mere vain waste to dwell on his critical powers, for they do not exist.

没有历史批判就不会发现罗马妇女是否在参议院的建议下采访了她们的母亲科里奥兰纳斯；是否莱姆斯被杀是因为他背叛了他哥哥，并发生了争吵；是否大使发现了辛西内塔斯耕种或修补篱笆。李维搁置了对于怀疑那些重要事实和历史真理感到愚蠢的真相的判断。如果让他在两位历史学家之间进行选择，他会选择更接近他所描述的事实的那个。但是他并不会批评，因为他只是一个尽责的作家。对于不存在事物进行批评，那是纯粹白白浪费了他的批判能力。

In the case of Tacitus imagination has taken the place of history.The past lives again in his pages, but through no laborious criticism; rather through a dramatic and psychological faculty which he specially poeed.在塔西佗时期，空想主义已经代替了历史主义。过去的生活重新写在他的著作中，只是这个著作不是描述对辛苦劳动的评价，而是戏剧化的疯狂的心里描写。

In the philosophy of history he has no belief.He can never make up his mind what to believe as regards God’s government of the world.There is no method in him and none elsewhere in Roman literature.塔西坨对于史学没有信仰。他从来不会相信世界上存在上帝。在他的著作里没有，在任何的罗马著作中也没有。

Nations may not have miions but they certainly have functions.And the function of ancient Italy was not merely to give us what is statical in our institutions and rational in our law, but to blend into one elemental creed the spiritual aspirations of Aryan and of Semite.Italy was not a pioneer in intellectual progre, nor a motive power in the evolution of thought.The owl of the godde of Wisdom traversed over the whole land and found nowhere a resting-place.The dove, which is the bird of Christ, flew straight to the city of Rome and the new reign began.It was the fashion of early Italian painters to represent in mediaeval costume the soldiers who watched over the tomb of Christ, and this, which was the result of the frank anachronism of all true art, may serve to us as an allegory.For it was in vain that the middle ages strove to guard the buried spirit of progre.When the dawn of the Greek spirit arose, the sepulchre was empty, the grave-clothes laid aside.Humanity had risen from the dead.国家可能没有使命，但是一定有它的功能。古意大利的功能是不仅仅告诉我们机构的稳定性和法律的合理性，而是将雅利安人和犹太人的信仰融合在一起。意大利不是知识进步的先驱，在这场思想演变中也不是积极者。上帝的侦察者智慧女神走过整个土地，发现智慧无处安放。基督的鸽子直接飞到了罗马城和新王朝。这是早期意大利画家在看守基督之墓的士兵的中世纪服装上所表达的时尚，这是真正艺术坦白的时代错误，有助于我们作为一个寓言。中世纪努力守护埋没的进步精神是徒劳的。当希腊精神的曙光出现，坟墓是空的，严肃的衣服放在一边。人们已经重生。

The study of Greek, it as been well said, implies the birth o，iticism omparison and research.At the opening of that education of modern by ancient thought which we call the Renaiance, it was the words of Aristotle which sent Columbus sailing to the New World, while a fragment of Pythagorean astronomy set Copernicus thinking on that train of reasoning which has revolutionised the whole position of our planet in the universe.Then it was seen that the only meaning of progre is a return to Greek modes of thought.The monkish hymns which obscured the pages of Greek manuscripts were blotted out, the splendours of a new method were unfolded to the world, and out of the melancholy sea of mediaevalism rose the free spirit of man in all that splendour of glad adolescence, when the bodily powers seem quickened by a new vitality, when the eye sees more clearly than its wont and the mind apprehends what was beforetime hidden from it.To herald the opening of the sixteenth century, from the little Venetian printing pre came forth all the great authors of antiquity, each bearing on the title-page the words [Gree^j words which may serve to re-mind us with what wondrous prescience Polybius saw the world’s fate when he foretold the material sovereignty of Roman institutions and exemplified in himself the intellectual empire of Greece.通常说，希腊学说，暗示着诞生，批判，比较，研究。在用古代思想教育现代的开端，我们称为文艺复兴时期，亚里士多德文学将哥伦布航行送往新大陆，然而毕达哥拉斯天文学部分，将哥白尼送上了考虑推理什么是彻底改变宇宙中星球位置的变化的列车。然后回到希腊模式中思考被认为是进步的唯一意义。掩盖了希腊手稿的僧侣赞美诗被遮住了，一种绚丽多彩的新方法展现给世界，走出中世纪精神忧郁的大海，燃起了正直辉煌与愉悦青春期人们的自由精神。那时身体的力量似乎被新的活力加强，那时眼睛比曾经看的更加清晰，头脑思考过去隐藏之下的问题。预示着十六世纪初，从小小的威尼斯的印刷出来所有古代的伟大作家，铭记在[哥白尼]扉页上的字有助于提醒我们先人阿里斯塔克斯见证了世界的命运是多么令人神奇，他预言了罗马机构重要的主权，展现了他是希腊知识的帝王。

The course of the study of the spirit of historical criticism has not been a profitle investigation into modes and forms of thought now antiquated and of no account.The only spirit which is entirely removed from us is the mediaeval; the Greek spirit is eentially modern.The introduction of the comparative method of research which has forced history to disclose its secrets belongs in a measure to us.Ours, too, is a more scientific knowledge of philology and the method of survival.Nor did the ancients know anything of the doctrine of averages or of crucial instances, both of which methods have proved of such importance in modern criticism, the one adding a most important proof of the statical elements of history, and exemplifying the influences of all physi-cal surroundings on the life of man; the other, as in the single instance of the Moulin Quignon skull, serving to create a whole new science of prehistoric archaeology and to bring us back to a time when man was coeval with the stone age, the mammoth and the woolly rhinoceros.But, except these, we have added no new canon or method to the science of historical criticism.Acro the drear waste of a thousand years the Greek and the modern spirit join hands.历史的批判精神的研究还没有一个无益的调查用过时的思维模式和不可取代的形式。从我们的生活中完全消失的是中世纪精神；希腊精神的本质是现代的。这种迫使历史揭露它的秘密的比较研究方法的引入作为我们的衡量。对于我们来说是一种比较科学的文学知识和生存的方法。也没有唯一的精神，这是完全从我们的是中世纪的希腊精神的本质是现代。古代人既不知道平均主义学说，也不知道重要的例子，这两种方法证明了现代批评的重要性，一个增加的历史静态元素的最重要的论证，并例举所有物理环境对人类生活的影响；另外，列举the Moulin Quignon skull作为单个实例，以创造一个全新的考古科学史前并且带我们回到石器时代和猛犸象和披毛犀牛时代。但是，除了这些，我们对历史评价增加了新的标准。拥有一千年历史的阴沉的废墟般的希腊将与现代精神携手。

In the torch race which the Greek boys ran from the Cerameician field of death to the home of the godde of Wisdom, not merely he who first reached the goal but he also who first started with the torch aflame received a prize.In the Lampadephoria of civilisation and free thought let us not forget to render due meed of honour to those who first lit that sacred flame, the increasing splendour of which lights our footsteps to the far-off divine event of the attainment of perfect truth.在希腊男孩从死亡的cerameician领域跑向智慧女神的家的火炬比赛中，他不仅仅是第一个获得分数，也是第一个点燃火炬并获得奖品的人。在文明和自由的思想的火炬接力比赛中，让我们不要忘记给予那些第一次点燃圣火的人荣誉，其中越来越光彩的是使我们的脚步到达了获得完美真理的遥远神圣的地方。

LA SAINTE COURTISANE； OR, THE WOMAN COVERED WITH JEWELS

The scene represents a corner of a valley in the Thebaid.On the right hand of the stage is a cavern.In front of the cavern stands a great crucifix.

On the left [sand dunesj.

The sky is blue like the inside of a cup of lapis lazuli.The hills are of red sand.Here and there on the hills there are clumps of thorns.

FIRST MAN.Who is she? She makes me afraid.She has a purple cloak and her hair is like threads of gold.I think she must be the daughter of the Emperor.I have heard the boatmen say that the Emperor has a daughter who wears a cloak of purple.

SECOND MAN.She has birds’ wings upon her sandals, and her tunic is of the colour of green corn.It is like corn in spring when she stands still.It is like young corn troubled by the shadows of hawks when she moves.The pearls on her tunic are like many moons.

FIRST MAN.They are like the moons one sees in the water when the wind blows from the hills.SECOND MAN.I think she is one of the gods.I think she comes from Nubia.

FIRST MAN.I am sure she is the daughter of the Emperor.Her nails are stained with henna.They are like the petals of a rose.She has come here to weep for Adonis.

SECOND MAN.She is one of the gods.I do not know why she has left her temple.The gods should not leave their temples.If she speaks to us let us not answer and she will pa by.FIRST MAN.She will not speak to us.She is the daughter of the Emperor.

MYRRHINA.Dwells he not here, the beautiful young hermit, he who will not look on the face of woman?

FIRST MAN.Of a truth it is here the hermit dwells.MYRRHINA.Why will he not look on the face of woman? SECOND MAN.We do not know.

MYRRHINA.Why do ye yourselves not look at me?

FIRST MAN.You are covered with bright stones, and you dazzle our eyes.

SECOND MAN.He who looks at the sun becomes blind.You are too bright to look at.It is not wise to look at things that are very bright.Many of the priests in the temples are blind, and have slaves to lead them.

MYRRHINA.Where does he dwell, the beautiful young hermit who will not look on the face of woman? Has he a house of reeds or a house of burnt clay or does he lie on the hillside? Or does he make his bed in the rushes?

FIRST MAN.He dwells in that cavern yonder.MYRRHINA.What a curious place to dwell in.

FIRST MAN.Of old a centaur lived there.When the hermit came the centaur gave a shrill cry, wept and lamented, and galloped away.

SECOND MAN.No.It was a white unicorn who lived in the cave.When it saw the hermit coming the unicorn knelt down and worshipped him.Many people saw it worshipping him.FIRST MAN.I have talked with people who saw it.

氺

氺

氺

SECOND MAN.Some say he was a hewer of wood and worked for hire.But that may not be true.

氺 氺 氺

MYRRHINA.What gods then do ye worship? Or do ye worship any gods? There are those who have no gods to worship.The philosophers who wear long beards and brown cloaks have no gods to worship.They wrangle with each other in the porticoes.The [ j laugh at them.

FIRST MAN.We worship seven gods.We may not tell their names.It is a very dangerous thing to tell the names of the gods.No one should ever tell the name of his god.Even the priests who praise the gods all day long, and eat of their food with them, do not call them by their right names.MYRRHINA.Where are these gods ye worship?

FIRST MAN.We hide them in the folds of our tunics.We do not show them to any one.If we showed them to any one they might leave us.

MYRRHINA.Where did ye meet with them?

FIRST MAN.They were given to us by an embalmer of the dead who had found them in a tomb.We served him for seven years.

MYRRHINA.The dead are terrible.I am afraid of Death.FIRST MAN.Death is not a god.He is only the servant of the gods.

MYRRHINA.He is the only god I am afraid of.Ye have seen many of the gods?

FIRST MAN.We have seen many of them.One sees them chiefly at night time.They pa one by very swiftly.Once we saw some of the gods at daybreak.They were walking acro a plain.MYRRHINA.Once as I was paing through the market place I heard a sophist from Cilicia say that there is only one God.He said it before many people.

FIRST MAN.That cannot be true.We have ourselves seen many, though we are but common men and of no account.When I saw them I hid myself in a bush.They did me no harm.

MYRRHINA.Tell me more about the beautiful young hermit.Talk to me about the beautiful young hermit who will not look on the face of woman.What is the story of his days? What mode of life has he?

FIRST MAN.We do not understand you.

MYRRHINA.What does he do, the beautiful young hermit? Does he sow or reap? Does he plant a garden or catch fish in a net? Does he weave linen on a loom? Does he set his hand to the wooden plough and walk behind the oxen?

SECOND MAN.He being a very holy man does nothing.We are common men and of no account.We toil all day long in the sun.Sometimes the ground is very hard.

MYRRHINA.Do the birds of the air feed him? Do the jackals share their booty with him? FIRST MAN.Every evening we bring him food.We do not think that the birds of the air feed him.MYRRHINA.Why do ye feed him? What profit have ye in so doing?

SECOND MAN.He is a very holy man.One of the gods whom he has offended has made him mad.We think he has offended the moon.

MYRRHINA.Go and tell him that one who has come from Alexandria desires to speak with him.to his God.We pray thee to pardon us for not doing thy bidding.

FIRST MAN.We dare not tell him.This hour he is praying FIRST MAN.That he might heal them.

MYRRHINA.Are ye afraid of him? FIRST MAN.We are afraid of him.MYRRHINA.Why are ye afraid of him? FIRST MAN.We do not know.MYRRHINA.What is his name?

FIRST MAN.The voice that speaks to him at night time in the cavern calls to him by the name of Honorius.It was also by the name of Honorius that the three lepers who paed by once called to him.We think that his name is Honorius.

MYRRHINA.Why did the three lepers call to him?

MYRRHINA.Did he heal them?

SECOND MAN.No.They had committed some sin: it was for that reason they were lepers.Their hands and faces were like salt.One of them wore a mask of linen.He was a king’s son.MYRRHINA.What is the voice that speaks to him at night time in his cave?

FIRST MAN.We do not know whose voice it is.We think it is the voice of his God.For we have seen no man enter his cavern nor any come forth from it.MYRRHINA.Honorius.

HONORIUS (from within).Who calls Honorius?

氺 氺 氺

MYRRHINA.Come forth, Honorius.

氺 氺 氺

My chamber is ceiled with cedar and odorous with myrrh.The pillars of my bed are of cedar and the hangings are of purple.My bed is strewn with purple and the steps are of silver.The hangings are sewn with silver pomegranates and the steps that are of silver are strewn with saffron and with myrrh.My lovers hang garlands round the pillars of my house.At night time they come with the flute players and the players of the harp.They woo me with apples and on the pavement of my courtyard they write my name in wine.我的房间是雪松天花板并带有药香味。我的床柱是雪松木的和帘布是紫色的。我的床布满紫色并且台阶是银色的。帘布是用的银石榴，银色的台阶撒满藏红花和没药。我的爱人在我的房子的四周的支柱上挂上花环。在晚上的时候，他们像吹笛者，竖琴的演奏家。他们在我庭院的路上通过苹果向我示爱，他们把我的名字写在酒里。

From the uttermost parts of the world my lovers come to me.The kings of the earth come to me and bring me presents.我的爱人从世界上最遥远的地方朝我走来。地球上的君王向我走来并给我带来了礼物。 When the Emperor of Byzantium heard of me he left his porphyry chamber and set sail in his galleys.His slaves bare no torches that none might know of his coming.When the King of Cyprus heard of me he sent me ambaadors.The two Kings of Libya who are brothers brought me gifts of amber.

当拜占庭的君主听说我，他离开他的斑岩室，带领着自己的军舰启航。他的奴仆赤裸着火把，大概没有人知道他的到来。当塞浦路斯国王听说我，他送我大使。利比亚的两个国王，他们是兄弟，送给我琥珀色的礼物。

I took the minion of Caesar from Caesar and made him my playfellow.He came to me at night in a litter.He waspale as a narcius, and his body was like honey.我把恺撒的宠臣从恺撒身边带走并且使他成了我的玩伴。他晚上乘轿子来到我这里。他苍白的像水仙，身体像蜂蜜。

The son of the Praefect slew himself in my honour, and the Tetrarch of Cilicia scourged himself for my pleasure before my slaves.该提督的儿子旋转着像我表达敬意，基利家主公在我奴仆面前鞭打着自己取悦我。 The King of Hierapolis who is a priest and a robber set carpets for me to walk on.希拉波里斯古城的国王是牧师和强盗，他给我铺上地毯让我走。

Sometimes I sit in the circus and the gladiators fight beneath me.Once a Thracian who was my lover was caught in the net.I gave the signal for him to die and the whole theatre applauded.Sometimes I pa through the gymnasium and watch the young men wrestling or in the race.Their bodies are bright with oil and their brows are wreathed with willow sprays and with myrtle.They stamp their feet on the sand when they wrestle and when they run the sand follows them like a little cloud.He at whom I smile leaves his companions and follows me to my home.At other times I go down to the harbour and watch the merchants unloading their veels.Those that come from Tyre have cloaks of silk and earrings of emerald.Those that come from Mailia have cloaks of fine wool and earrings of bra.When they see me coming they stand on the prows of their ships and call to me, but I do not answer them.I go to the little taverns where the sailors lie all day long drinking black wine and playing with dice and I sit down with them.有时我坐在马戏团，角斗士在我的脚下战斗。一旦我的爱人，一个色雷斯人，被网捕捉。我就给他去死信号，整个剧院为之鼓掌。有时我穿过体育馆看年轻人摔跤或比赛。他们的身体擦着发亮的油，眉毛处用柳树枝和桃金娘环绕。当他们摔跤时跺着脚上的沙子，当他们跑起来时尘土像小小的云一样跟随他们。我冲着微笑的他离开的他的伙伴，跟随我到家。有时候我到港口去看商家卸船。那些来自轮胎的带有丝质斗篷和的翠绿色的耳环。那些来自马来西亚的有上好的羊毛斗篷和铜质耳环。当他们看到我来时，他们站在自己的船头上和我打招呼，但我不回应他们。我去到小酒馆，在这里水手们整天躺着长时间的喝着黑葡萄酒，玩着骰子，我在他们身边坐下。

第19篇：英语PPT翻译

Low-carbon life低碳生活

After the Copenhagen meeting, low-carbon has become a catch word in the Chinese popular media and daily conversation of Chinese people.哥本哈根会议后,低碳已成为一个词在中国大众抓住媒体和日常会话的中国人。 The concepts of low carbon life低碳生活的概念

\"Low carbon life\" is refers to life work and rest place cost when the energy to try to reduce, thereby reducing carbon, reduce the pollution of the atmosphere, slow ecological deteriorating, mainly from solar power saving and recovery of three links to change life details.“低碳生活”就是指生活作息时所耗用的能量要尽力减少，从而减少低碳，减少对大气的污染，减缓生态恶化，主要是从节电节气和回收三个环节来改变生活细节

How to live a low-carbon life?如何低碳生活？ First of all, we should realize that low carbon life is not only a kind of life attitude is a way of life.If want to do this, everyone can do it! 首先,我们应该认识到,低碳生活不仅仅是一种生活态度也是一种生活方式。只要想做到,每一个人都能做到!

For everyone of us have an obligation to protect the environment, therefore we need to try our best to construct a better and harmonious conditions between human beings and nature.对我们每个人都有义务保护环境,因此我们需要尽力构造一个更好的、和谐的人与自然之间的条件。 Secondly, we should develop a good habit of low-carbon life in our daily lives.其次,我们应该建立低碳生活的好习惯在我们的日常生活中。

In addition, we should try to call for the people around us to attend low carbon way of life, low carbon life can not only reduce emiions, change our living environment, and beautify our city, the heaviest if protect our health.

此外,我们应该尽力呼吁我们周围的人们参加低碳生活方式,低碳生活不仅可以减少排放,改变我们的生活环境，美化我们的城市,最重要是保护我们的健康。

Schoolmates, today, your low-carbon?

同学们,今天,你的低碳?

第20篇：英语作文翻译

The Pleasures and Pains of Childhood（童年的快乐与痛苦）

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult（童年是一个没什么责任去令生活变得艰苦困难的时光）.If a child has good parents（如果一个孩子有很好的父母）, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do（他会被养育，被照料和被爱护，无论什么他都可以做）.It is improbable that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return（他永远不会再在他的生活中得到这么多而不用做出任何回报，这是不可能的）.In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known（此外，生活总是呈现给孩子新的事物，那些对大人来说已经失去兴趣的事物，因为他们太熟悉了）.A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain, or in the snow（孩子会在雨中玩耍找到乐趣，或者是在雪中）.His first visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure（他第一次参观海边是一次不可思议的冒险经历）.

But a child has his pains（但孩子也有他的烦恼）: He is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks old people are（他不是那么自由地去实现他的愿望，因为他认为大人会）:he is continually being told not to do things（不断告诉他不要做的事情）, or being punished for what he has done wrong（或者因为他做错什么事而被惩罚）.His life is therefore not perfectly happy（他的生活因此不是完全快乐的）.

How to Behave in an Interview（如何应付面试）

In order to make a good impreion during a job interview（为了在求职面试中给人留下一个好的印象）, you need to prepare yourself for it（it可以用the interview代替。你需要为面试做些准备）.You must arrive in plenty of time for the interview（为了面试你一定要提前很长时间到达）, so that you give yourself a little time to relax before the interview begins（这样你就可以在面试开始前给自己留点时间放松）.

The impreion you make as you walk into the room is very important（你走进房间时给人留下的印象是非常重要）.Try to find out if the company or organization has rules about dre（尝试找出这个公司或组织在着装方面是否有规定）.Then try to dre according to their regulations（然后试着按规定穿着）.

You also need to plan what you are going to say（你还要计划一下你准备说什么/你还需要对你要说的话有所计划）.In some interviews you will have to do a lot of talking（有些面试你得说很多话）, and in others you will only have to answer a few questions about your education and experience（而另外一些面试你只需要回答一些关于你的教育和经历方面的问题）.You need to have answers ready about yourself, your schoolwork, your strong points, your reasons for applying for the job, and the salary you expect（你需要准备好回答关于你自己，学业，优点，你申请这份工作的原因，以及你期盼的薪水等问题）.

You will also be allowed to ask some questions （你还会被允许问一些与自己有关的问题）.The questions you ask will show the interviewer that you have given careful thought to the position（你的提问将向面试官表明你有认真考虑过这个职位）.You can ask questions like these（你可以问这样的问题）: What duties will I have to do in the job（这份工作中我的职责是什么）? Does the company provide health insurance（公司是否提供医疗保险。或者换成Will I be allowed to join a health insurance program? 我会被允许参加医疗保险计划？）? Does the company provide opportunities for further education（公司是否提供继续教育的机会）?

Supermarkets（超市）

Peopleall over the world shop in supermarkets（全世界的人们都在超市里购物）.When you enter supermarkets（当你进入超市）, you will see shelves loaded with goods（你会看到装满货物的架子）.You will hear soft, light music as you walk along the aisles（当你沿着过道走失，你会听到轻柔、轻快的音乐）.Food in supermarkets seems to be very attractive（在超市里的食品似乎很有吸引力）.

A large supermarket is a big busine（一个大型超市是一个大生意）.In addition to food items, many other goods such as house wares, school supplies, toys, clothing, magazines and

even books are sold in supermarkets（除了食品，很多其他的商品例如家居用品，学习用品，玩具，服装，杂志，甚至书籍都在超市里售卖）.It is a place where housewives frequent（这是一个家庭主妇光顾的地方）.It tries to meet her needs so that when she leaves（它试图满足她的需要,这样当她离开时）, she\'ll shop nowhere else（她就不会再去其他地方购物了）.

Supermarkets are becoming more and more popular（超市正变得越来越流行）.There is no doubt about it（对它这是毋容置疑的）-more and more housewives around the world will soon be standing （全世界越来越多的主妇很快就会站到收款台。原本应该译作“在登记柜台”）.

Should College Students Do Part-time Jobs？（大学生应该做兼职吗？）

Most students think that doing part-time jobs when studying at college can provide them with an opportunity to get in touch with the society（大多数学生认为，在学校读书的时候做兼职可以为他们接触社会提供一个机会）.Also, some students do part-time jobs to support themselves（此外，一些学生做兼职来养活自己）.They are said to work through college（他们说要整个大学期间都工作）.

However, it’s not easy to find jobs which are suitable for students（然而，对学生来说要找一份适合的工作并不是那么的容易）.Some jobs requiring long hours of tedious work under tough conditions may do harm to their health（有些工作需要在单调艰苦的环境下长时间工作，可能会伤害他们的健康）.Besides, some jobs may expose them to the negative aspects of

society-dishonesty and corruption（此外，有些工作可能会暴露给他们社会消极的方面—不诚实和腐败）.

Therefore, students should take a second thought in deciding whether they should do

part-time jobs or what kind of jobs they should choose（因此，学生应当再考虑后才决定是否应该做兼职或者他们应该选择什么样的工作）.If they are lucky enough to take a good job（如果他们足够幸运找到一份好工作）, it will benefit them enormously（它将对他们有极大好处）.Otherwise, it may waste their time and their energy（否则，它可能会浪费他们的时间和精力）.

A Reply to a Birthday Party（生日聚会的回信）

Dear Henry（亲爱的Henry）,

Happy birthday to you（祝你生日快乐）!

I got the invitation to your birthday party yesterday morning（我昨天早上收到你生日聚会的邀请信）.Thanks so much for inviting me to join in your party（非常感谢你邀请我参加你的聚会）.I tried hard to reschedule my activities（我尽力重新安排我的活动）, but I am sorry to tell you that I will not be able to join you（但我很遗憾地告诉你，我不能和你一起参加了）.My bo and I have to leave for Shanghai next week for an international trade affair（我老板和我下周必

须要离开上海去参加一个国际贸易事务）.There is not any poibility of canceling it（这是没有任何取消的可能性）.I will go to see you as soon I am back（我一回来就会马上来拜访你）.I am sure you will have a great fun at the party（我确信你将会有一个很有趣的聚会）!

Sincerely yours（你真诚的）,

Jane

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