高一英语必修一知识点总结（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：高一英语必修一知识点总结

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 ☆重点句型☆

1.What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法 2.I think he / she should be„表示个人观点的词语

3.I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games.等表示喜好的词语 4.Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes. “when"作并列连词的用法 5.What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的

特殊疑问句结构

6.With so many people communicating in English everyday, ...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语 7.Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词

(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法 ☆重点词汇☆

1.especially

v.

特别地 2.imagine

v.

想像

3.alone

adv./ adj.

单独，孤独的 4.interest

n.

兴趣

5.everyday

adj.

每天的，日常的 6.deserted

adj.

抛弃的 7.hunt

v.搜寻 8.share

v.分享

9.care

v.在乎，关心 10.total

n.总数 11.majority

n.大多数

12.survive

v.生存，活下来 13.adventure

n.冒险 14.scared

adj.吓坏的 15.admit

v.承认

16.while

conj.但是，而 17.boring

adj.令人厌烦的 18.except

prep.除„„之外 19.quality

n.质量

20.favourite

adj.最喜爱的 ☆重点短语☆

1.be fond of

爱好

2.treat„as„

把„„看作为„„ 3.make friends with 与„„交朋友

4.argue with sb.about / over sth.

与某人争论某事 5.hunt for

寻找 6.in order to

为了

7.share„with

与„„分享 8.bring in

引进；赚钱 9.a great / good many

许多„

10.have difficulty (in) doing

做„„有困难 11.end up with

以„„结束 12.except for

除„„之外 13.come about

发生

1 14.make(a)fire

生火

15.make yourself at home

别拘束 16.the majority of

大多数

17.drop sb.a line

给某人写短信 18.for the first time

第一次 19.at all

根本；竟然

20.have a (good) knowledge of„

精通„„ ☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? l.be fond ____

喜欢，爱好

2.hunt ____

搜索。追寻，寻找

3.in to ____

为了

4.care ____

担心，关心

5.such ____

例如，诸如

6.drop sb a ____

给某人写信(通常指写短信)

7.make oneself at ____

别客气

8.____ total

总共

9.except ____

除了„„之外

10.stay ____

不睡，熬夜

11.____ about

发生

12.end ____ with

以„„告终

13.bring ____

引进，引来

14.a great ____

许许多多，极多

15.be ____

对„„深感兴趣，深深迷上„„

16.____ the Internet

上网

17.____ claes

逃学，逃课

18.get ____

聚会，相聚，聚集

19.be proud ____

为„„感到骄傲

20.keep an ____ on

照看，注意

21.be curious ____

对„„感到好奇

22.shut ____

(使)住口

23.joke ____

开玩笑

24.____ the name of

以„„名义

25.____ the time

总是，一直

☆交际用语☆ 1.I think…

I like / love / hate...

I enjoy...

My interests are...2.Did you have a good flight?

You must be very tired.

Just make yourself at home.

I beg your pardon?

of for order about as line home

in

for up come

up in many into surf skip

together of eye about up about in all

Can you tell me how to pronounce...?

Get it.☆单词聚焦☆

1.argue v.的用法

▲构词：argument n.1.[C]争论 2.[U]讨论．辩论3.[C]论据 ▲ 搭配：

① argue with / against sb.over / on / about sth.与某人

争论某事 ② argue for / against sth.辩论赞成／反对某事 ③ argue that...主张，认为，争辩说

④ argue sb into / out of doing sth.说服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb.into / out of doing sth.⑤ settle the argument 解决争端

▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth.为某事和某人而发生的争执

【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth.

(2004全国卷I)

A.speeches

B.leons C.sayings D.arguments [考查目标] argue名词形式的词义。

[答案与解析] D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。 2.compare v.的用法

▲构词：comparison n.比较

▲搭配：① compare...to...比拟；比作 ② compare...with / to...将„„和„„相比较 ③ compare notes 对笔记；交换意见

【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2004湖北)

A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared [考查目标] compare的用法。

[答案与解析] D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。 3.consider v.的用法

▲构词：consideration n.考虑，思考；体谅，顾及

▲搭配：① consider doing sth.考虑做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)...认为／觉得某人„„③ consider that- clause 认为„„ ④ take sth into consideration 考虑 ⑤ under consideration 在考虑中

【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)

A.to invent

B.inventing

C.to have invented

D.having invented [考查目标] consider的几种常见用法。

[答案与解析] C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。

4.deserted adj.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的

(1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。

(2) 被遗弃的

a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子 (3) desert ['dezot] n.沙漠 desert [dI'zo:t] vt.丢弃；遗弃

He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.5.difficulty n.

(1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling.

(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。

have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.

干某事有困难 there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.

have (some) difficulty with sth.

在某事上有困难

there is (some) difficulty with sth.

do sth.with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事

We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.

Do you have any difficulty with your English?

【注意】

(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰

(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。 6.favourite = favorite (A.E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物

(1) adj.最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football.

(2) n.[C] 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.7.fun的用法

▲构词：funny adj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的 ▲搭配：

① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑

② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的 ③ be full of fun„„ 很好玩

④ have fun with sb.和某人开一个玩笑

⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心

⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 ⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀! ⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心

【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match.We're play- ing che just for ____.

A.habit

B.hobby

C.fun

D.game [考查目标] fun构成的短语for fun的意思。

[答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。 8.imagine的用法

▲构词：① imagination n.[C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj.富有想像力的 ▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地

【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___acro the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)

A.sail

B.to sail

C.sailing

D.to have sailed [考查目标] imagine的基本用法。

[答案与解析] C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。 9.interest的用法

interest vt.使„„感兴趣 n.兴趣，爱好 [U] 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics.他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣

▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的 ▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 ② be interested in 对„„感兴趣(关

4 心) ③have an interest in sth./ in doing sth.对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在„„中有股份、权益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 为„„利益；为„„起见；对„„有利 ⑥ lose interest in 对„„不再感兴趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth.对„„表示关心(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对„„不 (不太) 感兴趣 ⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth./ in doing sth.在某方面培养／有兴趣 ? lose interest in sth./ in doing sth.对某方面失去兴趣 有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance.(2004全国卷 II)

A.Interested

B.Anxiously

C.Seriously

D.Encouraged [考查目标] interest派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析] A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。 10.prove的用法

▲构词：① proof n.证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样

▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证实„„ ② prove to sb that 从句向某人证实„„ ③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出

【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____.(05长春模拟)

A.proved

B.killed

C.thought

D.discued [考查目标] 考查prove的意思。

[答案与解析] A 本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。 11.provide的用法

▲构词：① provider n.供给者，供应者，养家者 ② provided / providing conj.倘若 ▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给„„提供；以„„装备

【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.

A.provided

B.fed

C.afforded

D.charred [考查目标]考查provide的词义。

[答案与解析]A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。 12.share的用法

▲搭配：① share (in) sth.with sth.和某人分享、分担、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among...将某物分配、分给„„ ③ share joys / happine and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意见 【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____.(NMET 2000)

A.support

B.care

C.spare

D.share [考查目标] 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。

[答案与解析] D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。 13.solve的用法

▲构词：solution n.1.[C] (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2.[U] 解答，解决 3.[U] 溶解 ▲搭配：the solution to 解决„„的办法

【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001北京春招)

A.with

B.into C.for

D.to [考查目标] solve名词solution的相关搭配。 [答案与解析] D “对于„„的解决办法”，介词用to。

5 14.total n./ adj.全部(的)

(1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there.

(2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.

(3) the total of...„„的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.15.when conj.

when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：

(1) be doing...when...正在做„„突然„„I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.

(2) had done...when...刚做了„„突然„„I had just sat down when the light went out.

(3) be about to do...when...刚要做„„突然„„I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.16.while conj.

(1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.

(2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.

(3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share) 1.All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s.(to have interested) 2.Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it.(fun) 3.The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs.Wang and his nephew.(argument) 4.We can't decide.The plan needs to be ____.(considered) 5.____ with Cla Two, ours has more boy students.(Compared) 6.I find a better way ____ this problem.(to solve) 7.Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government.(share / shared) 【词语比较】

1.especially, specially

especially adv.特殊地；尤其是

(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English.(尤其是英语)

(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring.(尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb.或to do sth.) I made a chocolate cake specially for you.2. boring, bored, bore boring adj.令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.

bored adj.感到厌烦的 I'm bored with the book.

bore vt.令人厌烦

This book bores me.

有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人„„”；过去分词形式，为“感到„„”。 3.except for, except, but, besides

表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。

(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了„„之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's addre except / but him.(排除him)

(2) besides 除„„之外，还„„，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围)

(3) except for 只不过„„，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.4.know, know of, know about

(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not./ I know him to be honest.

(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。 5.for example; such as

(1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible./ His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.

(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.

[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。 ☆短语归纳☆ 1.含all的短语

1) first of all

首先 (强调顺序) 2) in all (=in total=altogether)

总共 3) after all

毕竟，终究 4) at all

到底，根本

5) above all

最重要的是 (强调重要性) 6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least)

根本不，一点也不 7) all the time

始终，一直

8) all of a sudden (=suddenly)

突然，冷不防 9) all right

行，可以

10) all at once

立刘，马上

11) all day and all night

日日夜夜 12) all over

遍及

13) all alone

独个儿，独立地 14) all but

几乎，差一点 15) all in all

总的说来

16) all together

一道，同时，总共 17) for all

尽管

[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldn't scold her.After all, she is only five years old.你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love.孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time.你一定一直知道这事。 【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.____, she is a great musician.(2004甘肃、青海)

A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual [考查目标] 主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析] A after all意为“毕竟．终究”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。 【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)

A.in all

B.above all

C.after all

D.at all [考查目标] 主要考查all构成的四个短语。

7 [答案与解析] B

in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。 2.at all

(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.

(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.

(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?

(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.3.含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语 1) be good at 擅长于

2) be interested in 对„„感兴趣

3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对„„满意 4) be famous for 因„„而出名 5) be kind / good to 对„„好 6) be lost in 沉湎于

7) be active in 在某方面积极 8) be sure about / of 确信 9) be afraid of 害怕 10) be full of 充满 11) be filled with 充满

12) be made of / from 由„„组成 13) be generous to 对„„慷慨 14) be popular with 受欢迎 15) be confident of 确信 16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱

17) be angry with / at 对„„发脾气 18) be late for 迟到

19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对„„感到惊讶 20) be busy doing 忙着做„„

21) be excited about 对„„感到兴奋 22) be worried about 担心 23) be used for / as 用于

24) be curious about 对„„好奇

[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself.林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little.他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor.在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in.他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do.看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。 【考例l】(2005重庆) -- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so... -- So I have to be patient ____ him.

A.in; with

B.on; with

C.in; to

D.at; for [考查目标] 同定搭配中介词的选择。

[答案与解析] A

be slow in 意为“在„„方面反应迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对„„有耐心”。

8 4.end up with...以„„结束

(1) end up with + n.以„„结束

The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.

(2) end up as...最后成为„He will end up as a president some day.

(3) end up + 地点状语最后(有„„结局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.5.“make + 名词” 短语 ① make a noise 吵闹

② make faces 做鬼脸，做苦脸 ③ make room for 给„„腾出地方 ④ make the bed 整理床铺 ⑤ make phone calls 打电话 ⑥ make friends with 交朋友 ⑦ make money 赚钱 ⑧ make use of 利用

⑨ make a decision 做出决定 ⑩ make a mistake 犯错误

[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back.老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。 Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。

They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons.为了给更重要的人物腾出 地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。

【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____.(2003北京春招)

A.make it out

B.make it off

C.make it up

D.make it over [考查目标] 主要考查make短语。

[答案与解析] A make out意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make off 意为“连忙跑掉”；make up 意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；make over 意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。 【考例】

-- When shall we start? -- Let's ____ it at 8:30.Is that all right? (2002北京)

A.set

B.meet

C.make

D.take [考查目标] 此题主要考查 make 短语。

[答案与解析] C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。 6.make fire点火

有以下fire (n.) 短语: be on fire 着火了(表示状态) / catch fire 燃着；着火(表示动作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒险的事 / Set sth.on fire = set fire to sth.放火烧„„ / make (a) fire 点火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火灾

[注意] fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。 7.a great / good many许多

(1) a great / good many + 名词复数，中间无“of”。A great many people have seen the film.(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名词复数 A great many of the people have seen the film.8.make yourself at home 别拘束

(1) make yourself at home 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语) -- Good evening, Jim.-- Good evening, Mary.Come in and make yourself at home.

(2) (all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助) You can't poibly do it all by yourself.

(3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.

(4) for oneself 亲自; 为自己The student wants to think it for himself./ One should not live for oneself alone.

(5) of oneself 自动地The door closed of itself suddenly.

(6) be oneself 身体或情绪好 I am not myself today.

(7) help oneself to + n./ pron.随便„„ Please help yourself to the fish．

(8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.

(9) come to oneself 苏醒The injured man came to him- self in five minutes.

(10) between ourselves 私下说的话 All this is between ourselves.9.the majority of...大多数的„„

(1) a / the majority of + 名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。the majority 单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal.

(2) by a majority of + 数字，以超过„„票的多数She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.10.treat „ as „ 把„看做„ The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.

【比较】 表示“认为”的短语还有：

regard…as…

consider…(as)…

think of…as… look on / upon…as…

take…for…

[注意] 在consider„as„短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。 [牛刀小试2] 1.If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr.Johnson.A.interested

B.anxious

C.upset

D.curious 2.Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.A.of; loved

B.for; cared C.to; devoted

D.on; affected 3.In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.A.in all

B.after all

C.above all

D.at all 4.-- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.-- Never mind.____, you have tried your best.

A.Above all

B.In all

C.At all

D.After all 5.Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.A.hope for the best

B.make room for C.make the best of

D.lay our hope on (DCCDC) 【句型归纳】

1.I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。

这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care.我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有： (1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也 „„” ) (2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不„„” ) (3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主语也„„” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况) (4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。 (5) 主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。

10 【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(2005全国 III) A.so does John

B.John does too C.John doesn't too

D.nor does John [考查目标] nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。

[答案与解析] D 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句。 2.Chuck is a busineman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。

该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her.= She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.常见句型：

(1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause (2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause (3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause (4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause (5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause (6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause (7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause 注意：① 当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然

要用such。② 当so + adj./ adv.或 such + n.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。

【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.(2001上海) A.I have felt

B.have I felt

C.I did feel

D.did I feel [考查目标] so + adj.位于句首时，主句倒装。

[答案与解析] D A、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。

3.One day Chuck is on a flight acro the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。

该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于and just或and at that time.这时不能用while / as 替换。 常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when...(2) be doing sth when...(3) be on the point of doing sth when...【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春招) A.when

B.while

C.until

D.before [考查目标] "when" 作连词，表示“正在这时”。

[答案与解析] A 意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。

4.He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。 该句中的“how I to collect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy.疑问词which, what, how, when, where等与小定式构成不定式短语。

【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000) A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects [考查目标] what to do sth 不定式短语作宾语。

[答案与解析] B 该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。

5.In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he called Wilson.为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。 1.该句中的"in order to"，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的

状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause

11 注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3) 在in order that / so that 引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can, could, may, might 等情态动词连用。

【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.

A.as soon as B.as a result

C.in case D.so that [考查目标] 目的状语。

[答案与解析]D as soon as “一„就„”；as a result“结果是”；in case “万一”；so that“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。

2.该句子中 volleyball 是作同位语。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。

【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.

A.that

B.one

C.it

D.what [考查目标] one作同位语，指代a moment。

[答案与解析] B that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。

6.For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。

1.该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为

“然而”。“while"充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“during the time that„”；引导让步状语从句，意 为“although„”。

2.该句中的 "stay" 为系动词。后接表语 (the same)。 除了stay外，常见的系动词还有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。

【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.

A.be stayed

B.stay C.be staying

D.have stayed [考查目标] 系动词的用法。

[答案与解析] B 系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行

时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。 7.for the first time 第一次

(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语 They came to Beijing for the first time.(2) the first time 名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：every time; next time; the last time They liked Beijing the first time they went there.(3) It's / This is the first time that + 从句(用现在完成时)这是„„的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.8.What is it that...? 是什么„„? 强调句的用法：

(1) 结构：It is / It was (过去时间) + 被强调部分 + that / who (专指人) + 其他部分

(2) 用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。

Jim met the student in the street last week.

主语

宾语

地点状语 时间状语

强调主语：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.

强调宾语：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.

强调地点状语：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.

强调时间状语：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.(3) 注意点：

一般疑问句的强调句：

Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?

特殊疑问句的强凋句：

Who is it that will visit our cla?

Where is it that he has gone?

When was it that she went?

not „ until „ 用于强调句：

It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.[牛刀小试3] 1.-- I would never ever come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!

-- ____.(2004广西) A.Nor am I

B.Neither would I C.Same with me

D.So do I 2.We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.A.so; so

B.such; so C.such; such D.so; so 3.Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A.when

B.while

C.since

D.once 4.It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows ____.(NMET 2002) A.it what to do with

B.what to do it with C.what to do with it

D.to do what with it 5.Roses need special care ___they can live through winter. (2004 天津) A.because B.so that C.even if

D.as (BBACB) 【交际速成】

1.Talking about likes and dislikes.谈论喜欢和不喜欢 -- I enjoy Chinese food very much.-- ____.(03东北三校) A.Please taste quickly

B.Have more, please C.Help yourself

D.Eat slowly while it is hot [答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。

【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有： (1) This book is very interesting.(2) I like / love the movie (very much). (3)I like / love to play computer games.(4) I like taking photos.(5) I enjoy listening to music.(6) I'm interested in science.My hobbies / interests are...(7) He is fond of music.(8) This song is bad / awful.(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.(11)I hate to do homework.I hate dancing, (12)I'm not into claic music.(13)I think that claic music is terrible / boring.2.Making apologies 道歉

13 -- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late.-- ____ Okay.

(2003北京春招) A.This is

B.You're

C.That's

D.I'm [答案与解析] C 本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。 【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：

(1) I'm very sorry.I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.(4) Please excuse me coming late.(5) Please forgive me.(6) Excuse me, please.(7) I beg your pardon.应答表达有：

(1) That's / It's all right.(2) That's / It's OK.(3) Never mind.(4) It doesn't matter.(5) It's nothing.(6) Forget it.(7) Don't worry about that.(8) Don't mention it.3.Talking about language difficulties in communication 谈论语言交际困难 -- I'm sorry.I can't catch you.____ -- OK, it's B—L—A—C—K.

A.Would you please walk slowly?

B.I don't understand you．

C.What's the meaning of this word?

D.Would you please repeat it more slowly? [答案与解析] D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch 在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch 在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯， 故正确答案是D。 【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有： (1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.(3) Can you speak more slowly, please? (4 )How do you say...in English.'? (5) I don't know how to say that in English.(6) I don't know the word in English.(7) How do you spell it, please? (8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that

again, please? (10) What do you mean by killing time? [牛刀小试4] 1.-- ____ I didn't hear you clearly.It's too noisy here.

14 -- I was saying that the party was great.A.Repeat.

B.Once again.C.Sorry?

D.So what? 2.-- Do you like a house with no garden? -- ____.But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.A.Not a bit

B.Not a little C.Not really

D.Not specially 3.-- I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? -- ____.A.It's OK

B.You are welcome C.It's your fault

D.Never you mind 4.-- What you said at the meeting hurt me badly! -- Sorry.But ____.A.I didn't mean it

B.I didn't mean to C.I don't mean it

D.I don't mean to 5.-- You seem to show interest in cooking.-- ____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.A.Really

B.Pardon

C.OK

D.What (CCABD) 【精典题例】

1.-- David has made great progre recently.

-- ____, and ____.

A.So he has; so have you

B.So has he; so have you

C.So he has; so you have

D.So has he; so you have 【解析】选A 答句中的he指David，不倒装。“So have you” 意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。 2.Little ____ what others think.A.does he care about

B.care he about C.about he eared

D.about cared he 【解析】选A little为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。 3.At school, what he enjoys ____ football.A.playing B.to play C.is playing D.played 【解析】选C what he enjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playing football。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。

4.At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.A.unexpecting

B.disappointing C.disappointed

D.interesting 【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。 5.He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as

B.until

C.while

D.when 【解析】选D "when"表示“就在这时，突然”。

6.The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.A.frightening; frightened

B.frightened; frightened C.frightened; frightening

D.frightening; frightening 【解析】选A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感 到害怕”。

15 7.In our ____ life, English is ____ used.A.everyday; wide

B.everyday; widely C.every day; wide

D.every day; widely 【解析】选B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。 8.-- Hello, Mary.I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like? -- ____.A.I don't know

B.She's like her mother, not father C.She likes music D.Not had! Quite pretty 【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。

9.The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.A.had put out

B.was put out C.had been out

D.had broken out 【解析】选C be out"火熄灭”，表示状态。

10.It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.A.be shared

B.should be spared C.saved

D.be spent 【解析】选A suggest后用虚拟语气。be shared前可 省略should。

11.She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.A.interest; as books many as she could B.an interest; as many books as she could C.interested; as many books as she can D.interests; as books as she could 【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。 12.-- How's the young man? -- ____.A.He's twenty

B.He's a doctor C.He is much better

D.He's David 【解析】选C how is sb.“某人身体如何”。

13.Let Harry play with your toys as well.Clare, you must learn to ____.A.support

B.care

C.spare

D.share 【解析】选D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。 14.The new dre looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.A.besides B.except C.beside D.except for 【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。 15.-- What about your clamate, Susan? -- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.A.regards

B.believes C.suggests

D.considers 【解析】选D consider as„“认为„„是„„”，as可省略。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4 ☆重点句型☆

1.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ...you may want to try hiking.Instead和instead 0f的用法 2.Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb.(for me) 问候的句型 3.Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来

16 4.She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet.(= keep struggling) 5.You should not go rafting unle you know...unle引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not 6.By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds.目的状语从句

7.She was so surprised that she couldn't move.结果状语从句 8.Tree after tree went down, cut down by water.过去分词作状语

9.The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.现在分词作状语

10.However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.It didn't take long before the building was destroyed.

before的用法 ☆重点词汇☆

1.means n.方法；途径 2.experience n.经验 3.equipment n.设备 4.succeful adj.成功的 5.protect v.保护 6.handle v.处理 7.consider v.考虑 8.benefit n.利益

9.particular adj.特别的 10.effect n.效果 11.combine v.合并

12.unforgettable adj.不会忘记的 13.advance v.前进 14.seize v.抓住 15.struggle v.奋斗 16.fear v.& n.害怕 17.strike v.敲打 18.destroy v.毁掉 19.publish v.出版

20.naughty adj.调皮的 ☆重点短语☆

1.get away from 逃离

2.watch / look out 注意，当心

3.go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游 4.as with 正如„„一样 5.see off 为某人送行

6.on the other hand 在另一方面 7.take care of 照顾

8.get close / near to 接近，凑近9.tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树 10.as wall as 也，和„„一样(好) 11.protect„from 保护„„不受„„的伤害 12.be surprised at 因„„而吃惊

17 13.be caught / trapped / struck in 被„„困住 14.take place 发生

15.go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事) 16.be upon 临近，逼近17.hold on to 紧紧抓住

18.refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息) 19.look into 注视„„的内部；检查，调查 20.for fear of (doing) sth.惟恐„„ ☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? l.get ____ from 逃离

away 2.watch ____ 注意，当心 out 3.protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from 4.see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off 5.on the other ____ 另一方面 hand 6.as ____ as也，还，而且 well 7.____ place发生，产生 take 8.____ fire失火 on 9.pull sb ____ 把„„往上拽 up 10.get ____ one's feet站立起来；站起身来 on 11.go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through 12.____ holiday在度假 on 13.travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent 14.be ____ 逼近，临近upon 15.____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take 16.____ "Hi" to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say 17.come ____ with提出 up 18.go ____ a hike 去远足 for 19.be caught ____ 受困于„„，陷于„„ in 20.____ a second 马上，一会儿 in 21.look ____ 往„„里面看，调查 into 22.refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to 23.hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto 24.sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away 25.sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down ☆交际用语☆

1.Where would you prefer going...? 2.How would you like to go to...? 3.Have a nice / pleasant trip ! 4.Well, I must be off.5.It's all right． 6.I'm afraid.7.Come on !

18 8.It scares me.9.Don't worry.10.First..., next..., then..., finally...☆单词聚焦☆ 1.advance的用法

▲构词：advanced adj.高等的．先进的，高深的 ▲搭配：

① in advance 在前头，预先，事先

② in advance of 在„„前面；比„„进步；超过 ③ on the advance (物价)在上涨

【考例】It is said that Mi White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.

A.improved B.developed C.advanced D.increased [考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。 2.before 的特殊用法

(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。

(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it.三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。

It won't be long before we graduate.不要过多久我们就要毕业了。 3.chance的用法 ▲搭配：

① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 ② by chance 偶然，意外地

③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会

【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.

A.work

B.luck

C.chances

D.services [考查目标] chance的词义。

[答案与解析] C

chance在本句的词义是“机会”。 4.consider v.

(1) 考虑

A) consider + n./ doing

I consider going abroad.

B) consider + 疑问词 + to do

You have to consider what to do next.

(2) 认为

A) consider + n.(+as / to be) + n./ adj.

I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.

They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.

B) consider + n.+ to have done

I consider him to have acted disgracefully.

除了consider„as„表认为外，还有regard„as

„，look on„as„，take„as„，think of„as„ 5.cost的用法

▲ 构词：costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的

19 ▲ 搭配：

① cost sb.sth.花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲„„ ② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何 ③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 ④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价

⑤ at the cost of 以„„为代价，用„„换来的；丧失；牺牲

【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.

A.pay

B.spend

C.cost

D.waste [考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。 [答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的 名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。 6.effect n.效果；作用 have an effect on sth.

His words had a great pushing effect on his students.

(1) be of no effect 无效

(2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行

[比较] affect vt.影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.7.experience的用法

▲构词: experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的 ▲搭配: ① by experience 凭经验；从经验中 ② from experience 凭经验；从经验中 ③ gain experience in„ 获得„„经验 ④ be experienced in„ 某方面有经验

▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。 【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right.Good friendship is just not easily formed.

A.Knowledge B.Teachers C.Experience D.Parents [考查目标] experience的意思。

[答案与解析] C

experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。 8.fear n.& vt.

(1) n.恐惧 (多作不可数名词)

His face was growing pale with fear.

忧虑；担心的事(可数)

There is no reason for your fears.

for fear of 由于怕„„，以防

He left an hour earlier for fear of miing his train.

for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

in fear of 害怕；担心

The thief was in fear of the police.

(2) v.恐惧；害怕，接 n./ pron.

Cats fear big dogs.

恐惧；害怕，接to do

Don't fear to tell the truth.

恐怕；担心，接从句

She feared that she might not find him in his room.▲构词：fearful adj.可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearle adj.不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的 ▲搭配：

① be in fear (of) (为„„而)提心吊胆 ② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是

③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生) ④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事) ⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得

⑥ fear (vi.) for...担心／忧虑„„

【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ miing his train.

A.in case of

B.instead of

C.for fear of

D.in search [考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]C

for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是„„。担心„„”。 9.fun n.高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事

(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩

I only did it for fun.

(2) make fun of 开„„的玩笑；取笑

It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.

[比较]

(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑

It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑 10.means n.手段；办法

(1) by means of 用„„；依靠„„

The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地

Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.

(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不

This is by no means the first time you have been late.

还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.

A.ways

B.offers

C.means

D．helps [考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。

[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。 11.normal adj.正常的；正规的

the normal temperature, normal behavior

(1) regular 规则的；有规律的

keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息

(2) common普通的；常见的

Tom is a common name in Britain.共有的；共同的

have a common interest 有着共同爱好

21

(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的

It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.

(4) ordinary平凡的；普通的

in ordinary dre 12.once的用法 ▲ 搭配：

① all at once 突然；同时

② at once 立刻，马上；同时

③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或

④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次；

破例一回 ⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次 ⑥ not once 一次也不

⑦ once again / more再一次 ⑧once and again一再，再三

⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔 ⑩ once too often又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time从前

【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.

A.Before

B.Once

C.Until

D.Unle [考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。

[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。 13.prefer v.宁愿；更喜欢

(1) prefer + n./ pron.

The boy preferred a detective story.

(2) prefer + v.-ing

Do you prefer living abroad?

(3) prefer + to do

She prefers to live among the working people.

(4) prefer sb.to do sth.

She preferred him to stay at home.

(5) prefer + n./ pron./ doing + to + n./ pron./ doing 喜欢„„而不喜欢

I prefer the town to the country./ While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.

(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ...than do...宁愿„„而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.

(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.14.protect的用法

▲ 构词：protection n.保护(者/物)，防御

▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止„„遭受„„；使„„免于，保护„„使不受 【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the succeful ____.

A.self-satisfaction

B.self-protection

C.self-respect

D.self-service [考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。

[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。 15.separate的用法

▲ 构词：separation n.[U]分开，分离

22 ▲ 搭配：

① separate A from B 把A和B分开

② A is separated from B by„ A和B为„„所分开／阻隔 ③ separate sth (up) into„ 把„„分成(几分) ▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。 separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗? divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。 part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。

【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.

A.separated

B.spared

C.lost

D.mied [考查目标] 动词separate的词义。

[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表 示“被隔开；被分隔”。 [牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate) 1.The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation.(means) 2.All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars.(cost) 3.We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting.(protect) 4.Every baby should be ____ after he is horn.(separated) 5.None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village.(feared) 6.There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____.(advance) ☆词语比较☆

1.wear, put on, have on, dre, be in, try on

(1) wear v.穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today.

* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes./ My patience wore (was worn) out.

(2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)

Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.

(3) dre vt.给„„穿衣服

n.衣服；连衣裙

dre sb.(in sth.) 或 be dreed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dreed her baby and then they went downstairs.

(4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。

At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.

(5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red.

(6) try on 试穿

Mother was trying on a new dre.2.strike, hit, beat

(1) hit vt.

① 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence./ The stone hit him on the head.

② 使„„受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard.

(2) beat vt.& vi.

① 连续有节奏地打；敲

The rain heat against the window.

② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.

23

③ (鸟翼) 扑动

The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.

④ 打败；打赢；取胜

Our champion can beat all runners in the country.

(3) strike vt.& vi.

① 打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中

He struck me with his fist.

The house was struck by lightning.

② 发起进攻；袭击

He moved away as the animal struck.

③ 撞；触(礁)

His head struck the table as he fell.

④ 擦(火柴)

I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.

⑤ (某种想法) 忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occur to。

A happy thought struck her.

⑥ 给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)

I was struck by her beauty.

⑦ 罢工

They are striking for higher pay.

⑧ (钟)敲(响) We waited for the clock to strike six.3.complete, finish complete 可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。 complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。

(1) complete 作及物动词，只接 n.或 pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等The railway is not completed yet.(2) finish vi./ vt.指完成，结束一件事情；可接 n.或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book ☆短语归纳☆ 1.cut down

(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.

(2) 减少；削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.2.含get的短语

① get back 回来，恢复，送回

② get off下来，动身，起飞

③ get up 起床，站起来 ④ get on 上(车) ⑤ get on / along with 与某人相处．某事的进展

⑥ get together 聚首，碰头

⑦ get away from 逃离 ⑧ get on one's feet 站起来

⑨ get down 下来 ⑩ get on well with 与„„相处融洽

? get married 结婚

? get to 到达 ? get through 通过，接通

? get down to 开始着手做某事

? get acro (使)通过

? get(a)round 传开，说服 ? get in 进入。收获

? get out 出去，逃脱

[例句]How are you getting along with your busine? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music leon.如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I can't get my boots off,

24 for they are too tight.我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has busine on hand it is hard to get away from home.如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。

【考例】(2004辽宁) The final examination is coming up soon.It's time for us to ____ our studies．

A.get down to B.get out C.get back for D.get over [考查目标] 此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”；get out 意为“离开，摆脱”；get back for 意为“回去拿”；get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。

【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through [考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]C

get over 意为“痊愈，克服”；get in 意为“插话”；get along 意为“进展．继续”；gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。 3.get away (from)

(1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.

(2)走开；离开 She didn't get away until nine last night.

(3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.

(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away! 4.get close to

(1) close adj.靠近；接近

The church is close to the shops.

亲密；密切

Are you a close friend of theirs?

(2) close adv.靠近；接近

He was standing close to the door.

(3) close v.关上；关闭(不开发)；结束

She closed her eyes./ Her eyes closed.(闭上)

(4 ) closely adv.紧密地；仔细地；密切地

He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.

The little baby was closely looked after by her.[比较]

(1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。

(2) 类似的词组有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) -- widely (广

泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词) 5.hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(hand v.)

Each student has to hand in a composition once a week. [比较]

(1) hand down 传下来；传给 Our father handed down these customs to us.

(2) hand on„to„传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.

(3) hand out 发给大家；散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the leon． 6.instead of 代替„„

(1) instead of + n./ pron.

Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.

(2) instead of + doing

25

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.

(3) instead of + 介词短语

He studies in the evening instead of during the day.

[比较]

(1) instead adv.作为替代 („„而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.

(2) rather than 而不是，与其„„宁愿 He ran rather than walked.

(3) in place of 代替，„„而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.7.含take的短语

① take a picture 照相，拍照

② take a taxi / bus, etc.打的(坐公交车等) ③ take away 拿走，夺取，使离去 ④ take care of 小心，照料，保管 ⑤ take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞 ⑥ take out 拿出，带„„出去

⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置 ⑧ take place 发生，产生 ⑨ take exercise 做运动 ⑩ take a seat 坐下 ? take turns 轮流

? take an active part in 积极参加 ? take a meage 捎口信 ? take on 从事，呈现

? take the place of 取代，代替 ? take apart 拆开

? take down 拿下，记下 ? take...for...误认为„„ ? take in 吸收，接纳

? take up 拿起．从事．占据

[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away.父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store.男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat.他替我排好了队，以便我能够回 去弄点儿吃的。 8.used to

(1) used to do sth.过去常常„„(现在已不如此)

We used to grow beautiful roses.

注意：否定句和疑问句有两种

You usedn’t to make that mistake.She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?

You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?

(2) be / get / become used to + n./ doing习惯于

I have always been used to hard work.

He got used to living in the country.

(3) be used to do 被用来做„„

26

This knife is used to cut bread.

表示“过去常常„„”时，used to与would区别：

(1) would 只强调“过去常常„„”，used to 说明现在不是如此。

The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.

(2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.9.watch out 当心；注意

You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.

(1) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心

You must always watch out for the traffic here!

(2) watch over 照看；看守；负责

The mother bird is watching over her young.10.含“动词 + out”短语

① come out 出来，出版，传出 ② go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴 ③ look out 当心，注意

④ take out 拿出，取出，带„„出去 ⑤ rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产 ⑥ try out 尝试，试验 ⑦ watch out 小心

⑧ wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨 ⑨ find out 找出，查出

⑩ make out 填写，完成．设法应付 ? get out 出去，逃离，泄露，公布 ? pick out 看出，选出 ? think out 想出

? give out 发出，筋疲力尽 ? set out出发，陈述

[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make le noise.请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard.这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/ Watch out.The train is coming.小心，火车来了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend.朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。 【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can ____ my father.

A.find out

B.pick out

C.look out

D.speak out [考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。 [答案与解析]B pick out意为“挑选，辨别出”；find out意为“找出．发现”；look out意为“留神，注意”： speak out意为“大声说出”。 [牛刀小试2] 请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：

(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to) 1.-- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry.I'm too busy to ____ for the moment.(get away) 2.The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies.(get down) 3.The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time.(takes up) 4.We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task.(took on)

27 5.He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out) ☆句型归纳☆

1.You shouldn't go rafting unle you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。

该句中的unle引导状语从句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unle he studies hard.unle引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unle引导的从句经常可以省略。 【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.

A.if

B.unle

C.whether

D.that [考查目标]状语从句。

[答案与解析]B 句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作， 这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unle。

2.Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。

该句中的as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.常见的用法: 1.well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as是形容词

同级比较结构。 2.as well as是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于"not only „ but also..."。

3.as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。 4.as well as还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了„„之外，还有”；相当于"besides，apart from"。 5.as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。 6.may / might as well do sth 表示“还是„„的好”。

【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.A.as well

B.as well as

C.so well

D.so well as [考查目标] as well as连接比较状语从句。

[答案与解析]B 该句中 if not better than相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构 "John plays football as well as David"。

3.Before she could move，she heard a loud noise.她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。

However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。

该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在„„之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me.他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。 【考例】(2005广东) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.

A.after

B.before

C.when

D.then [考查目标] 时间状语从句的引导词选择。 [答案与解析]B

before 表示“直到„„”。

4.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。

该句中的must have been表示推测。例如：You look so tired.You must have stayed up last night.情态动词may，might，most．can，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示对过去的推测。例如： You may be a profeor./ She must have met a fairy.【考例】(2005辽宁)This cake is very sweet.You ____ a lot of sugar in it.

A.should put

B.could have put

C.might put

D.must have put

28 [考查目标] 情态动词表示推测。

[答案与解析] D 前文说蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖 放多了。对于过去的动作的推测应使用have done的 结构，所以应在B、D之间做选择，又因为could have done表示本可以做而没有做，所以选择D。

5....she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.„„她听见了很响的声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science.他买了许多的参考资料．都是有关理科的。 which 作为关系代词．既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time.前往北京的火车按时进站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。

【考例】(2005浙江) Jim paed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.it [考查目标]非限制性定语从句。

[答案与解析]A which引导非限制性定语从句。指代 前面整个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ☆句型诠释☆

现在进行时的用法(is / am / are + doing) 1.表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree.2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行。) We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹、惊讶、厌恶等。(常与always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever 等副词连用)，表反复的动作。He is always think- ing of others.(表赞许) She is always asking the same question.(表厌恶) You are always changing your mind.(表抱怨) 4.表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay 等表移动、方向的动词。He is starting the work in a few minutes./ He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning. [注意]

1.不用进行时的词有:

(1) 系动词: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。 (2) 表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。

(3) 非延续性的动词，此动作开始即是结束：enter, accept, receive等。 (4) 表心理状态，存在状态，拥有的动词：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。

2.用进行时的特殊词有系动词get, turn, grow, become, go, come, fall 等表由一种状态转入另一种状态时，用进行时表示渐近。Today, many rivers that were polluted are getting cleaner and cleaner.当今，许多过去遭污染的河流又变得越来越清澈了。 [比较] 现在进行时表将来的用法与一般将来时的区别： (1) 现在进行时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的 -- How are you getting to the airport? -- By taxi.Bob is coming with me to the airport.(2) will do 和 shall do ① 表客观将来。shall用于第一人称，will用于第

一、

二、三人称。I will / shall finish middle school next month.

29 ② 表有科学根据的预测。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow.③ 表客观必然。Man will make mistakes.(3) be going to ① 表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I'm going to finish my homework tonight.② 表根据已有迹象的预测。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain.③ be going to不与come, go连用，而用be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.[注意] 表计划、安排、规定要做的事，用“be + to do”。此外，表示按时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a.m./ Our plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..[牛刀小试3] 1.____ you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the theatre.(2004 吉林) A.Though

B.Whether C.Until

D.Unle 2.Now that you've got a chance, you ____ make full use of it.(NMET 1999) A.had better to

B.might as well C.might as well as

D.would rather 3.It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.(2004 天津) A.that

B.until C.since

D.before 4.There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture, ____? (2004 上海春招) A.didn't they

B.don't they C.mustn't they

D.haven't they 5.The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn't expected.(2000 北京春招) A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what DBDDC ☆交际速成☆

【考点1】Talking about intentions and plans.谈论意愿和打算 (2004江苏)

-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know.____.

A.That's OK

B.Never mind

C.It depends

D.It doesn't matter [答案与解析]C 本题考查具体语境下被询问打算时的应答。A项用于回答感谢和道歉，B、D两项用于回答道歉，C 项表示“看情况而定”。

【归纳】英语中常见表达意愿和打算的用语有： ① I'll go with you.② I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.③ I'd like to make a phone call to her after cla.④ I want / hope to find an English pen friend.⑤ I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.⑥ We are ready to move to a new house.⑦ Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.⑧ I'm thinking of driving to Beijing.⑨ Where would you prefer going...? ⑩ How would you like to go to...? ? When are you going off to...? ? How are you going to...? 【考点2】Expreing good wishes祝愿

30 (2005广东)

Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend.I'm sure we will win.

Mike: ____! A.Congratulations

B.Cheers

C.Best wishes

D.Good luck [答案与解析]D 考查祝愿用语。在比赛前表示祝愿的话用Good luck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝贺。Cheers意为“干杯”。Best wishes多用于书面语，表示“万事如意”的意思。 【归纳】英语中常见表达祝愿的用语有： ① Have a good day / time! ② Have a good journey / trip! ③ Good luck! ④ Enjoy yourself! ⑤ Best wishes to you! ⑥ Happy New Year! ⑦ Happy birthday! ⑧ Merry Christmas! 应答语有： ① Thank you.② You, too.③ The same to you.【考点3】Describing emotions 描述人物的情感 (2001上海春招) -- I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week.-- ____.

A.Please go ahead

B.That's all right

C.Not at all

D.Take your time [答案与解析]D 本题考查时表示遗憾情感的应答。A项表示“请吧，说吧”，用于回答许可或让对方先行。B、C两项是感谢或道歉的答语，D项表示“别着急，慢慢来”，符合语境。 【归纳】中学英语中描述人物情感的用语有：

① (恐惧) Help! / How terrible! / I'm afraid of.../ I'm afraid to.../ You scared me! / It scares me! ② (高兴) (It's) well done! / How wonderful! / That's great! / I'm pleased to...③ (惊奇) Really! / Oh dear! / Is that so? / What a surprise! / How surprising! ④ (忧虑) What's wrong? / what's the matter? / Anything wrong? / What should we do? ⑤ (安慰)There, there./ Don't be afraid.／Don't worry./ It's (quite) all right./ It'll be OK / all right.⑥ (满意) Good! / Well done! ／ Perfect! / That's fine./ That's better.⑦ (遗憾) I'm so sorry! / It's a great pity! / What a shame! / That's too bad! ⑧ (同情) I'm so sorry! / I'm so sorry (about your illne)./ I'm sorry to hear that.⑨ (愤怒) Damn! / How annoying! ⑩ (鼓励) Well done! / Come on! / Keep trying./ You can do it! [牛刀小试4] 1.-- I'd like to take a week's holiday.-- ____, we're too busy.A.Don't worry

B.Don't mention it C.Forget it

D.Pardon me

31 2.-- I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.-- ____, but don't give it up.A.Find out the reason

B.Never mind C.I'm sorry to hear that

D.You don't 'mean that 3.-- I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. -- Oh no! ____.A.I was looking forward to that B.It doesn't matter C.I knew it already D.It's not at all interesting 4.-- We are going to travel to Italy. -- ____.A.Good bye

B.Go ahead C.I like to go, too

D.Have a good time 5.-- I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind.-- ____.A.Thank you very much B.Yes, I like so C.No, it's nothing

D.Of course, anything you want

CCADD ☆精典题例☆

1.Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.(NMET 2002春上海)

A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 【解析】选C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。

2.Twenty-three hours has paed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the miing ____ carried out.

A.are still being

B.have already been

C.are always

D.will soon be 【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。” 3.-- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45.A.takes off

B.took off

C.is about to take off

D.will take off 【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。 4.-- Excuse me, what time is it now?

-- Sorry, my watch ____.It ____ at the shop.

A.isn't working; is being repaired

B.doesn't work; is being repaired

C.isn't working; is repaired

D.doesn't work; is repaired 【解析】选B doesn't work说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用is being repaired。

5.John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble.A.to be; to help

B.to be; helping C.being; to help

D.being; helping 【解析】选B be considered to be “被认为是„„”；consider doing “考虑做某事”。 6.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.A.until

B.when

C.before

D.as 【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及

32 时纠正错误”。

7.-- There is something wrong with my bike.-- It doesn't matter.I ____ lend you mine.A.am to B.am going to C.was going to

D.will 【解析】选D be to表示按计划安排将来的动作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.8.Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television.A.used to read; enjoying

B.used to read; enjoyed C.were used to reading; enjoy D.were used to read; enjoying 【解析】选B 前后时态要保持一致。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6 ☆重点句型☆

1.While still a student, she played roles in many plays.

连词 + 名词做时间状语

2.When asked about the secret of his succe, Steven Spielberg said„

连词+过去分词做时间状语 3.When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glaes.

连词 + 现在分词做时间状语 4.It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served.

It 做形式主语 5.Many people like this film not just because..., but also

because...并列连词

6.Having good table manners means knowing... 动名词做主宾语 ☆重点词汇☆

1.comment v.评论 2.marry v.结婚 3.create v.创造 4.attack v.进攻 5.cruelty n.残酷 6.escape v.逃跑

7.advice n.忠告；建议

8.afford v.花得起(钱、时间) 9.encourage v.鼓励 10.research n.研究

11.interrupt v.打断；打扰 12.apologize v.道歉 13.pray v.请求；祈祷 14.forgive v.原谅；宽恕 15.match v.相配；相适应 16.manners n.礼貌 17.impreion n.印象

18.live adj.& adv.活的；直播的(地) 19.custom n.习惯；风俗 20.introduce vt.介绍；引进 ☆重点短语☆

33 1.take off 脱掉；起飞；成功 2.go wrong 出错；出问题

3.can't help doing 情不自禁做某事 4.take one's place 代替某人 5.run after 追逐；追踪 6.win a prize 获奖

7.think highly of 赞扬„„；对„„高度评价

8.call for 需要；索取 9.in all 总共

10.play a role 扮演角色(作用) 11.make money 挣钱 12.win over 争取过来 13.work on 从事，致力于

14.owe succe to 把成功归功于某人 15.start with 以„„开始 16.run away from school逃学 17.on the air 正在播出的 18.do research 进行调查 19.speed up 加速

20.follow the fashion 追随时尚 ☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才 能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? l.____ screen 银幕，电影(业) 2.take ____ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞 3.____ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病 4.owe sth ____ sb 把„„归功于某人 5.____ all 总共；总之 6.stay ____ 不在家，外出 7.____ school 小学

8.lock sb ____ 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来 9.run ____ 追赶

10.bring sb ____ 送回某人 11.____ the air正在播出的

12.think highly ____ 对„„高度评价 13.leave ____ 省去；遗漏；不考虑 14.stare ____ 盯着

15.make ____ about sb 以某人为笑柄

16.drink (a toast) ____ 为„„祝酒；为„„干杯 17.win ____ 战胜

18.____ comments on对„„加以评论

34 19.look sb ____ 看望，拜访某人

20.____ a role in 在„„中扮演角色；在„„方面起作用 21.____ a prize获奖

22.to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉

23.make a good impreion ____ 给„„留下好印象 24.____ silent 保持沉默 25.pay a visit ____ 拜访 ☆交际用语☆

1.What do you think has happened? 2.What do you know about…?

3.How do you like…? / What do you think of…? / What db you feel...? 4.May I interrupt you for a moment? 5.Excuse me / Forgive me for.../ I apologize for… 6.I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry.It's all my fault.7.That's all right./ That's OK./ No problem.8.I wish you all the best.9.I'm sorry.I didn't mean to...10.Let's drink (a toast) to...! ☆单词聚焦☆ 1.afford

(1) (和can，could，be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do

We can't afford to pay such a price.

afford + n./ pron.(出得起；买得起等)

They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.

(2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)

He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.2.apologize的用法

▲ 构词：apology n.辩解，道歉 ▲ 搭配：

① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉 ② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护

【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the paengers for the delay caused by bad weather.

A.made

B.said

C.put

D.paed [考查目标] apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。 [答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。 3.choice的用法 ▲搭配：

① make a choice 选择

② make choice of 挑选，选择，选定 ③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选

④ have no choice but to do sth 非„„不可，除„„之外别无他法

【考例】[MET 1993] We've mied the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.

A.way

B.choice C.poibility

D.selection [考查目标] choice的意思和习惯搭配。

35 [答案与解析]B choice是choose的名词形式．意思是 “选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to do sth“不得不干„„”。 4.determine的用法

▲ 构词：determination n.决心，决断，决意；决定，确定 ▲ 搭配：

① determine to do sth 决定做某事 ② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定 ③ a man of determination 有决断力的人

▲ 辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而 determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。

在be determined to do„这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。

decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，„起初，她决定去找警察„„

▲ 友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断 定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context.脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。 注：在determine to do...，determine on (upon)...和determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine.他决定学医。

注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作? 【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work.For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.

A.check

B.determine

C.correct

D.recover [考查目标]determine的用法。

[答案与解析]B determine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。 5.encourage的用法 ▲ 构词：

① encouraging adj.鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的 ② encouraged adj.被激励的，受到鼓舞的 ③ encouragement n.鼓励，激励 ④ discourage v.使泄气；劝阻

▲ 搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受„„鼓励／鼓舞 【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A.for me taking

B.me taking

C.for me to take

D.me to take [考查目标] encourage的用法。

[答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。

6.escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping

(1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from

The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.

(2)逃脱；逃避 + n./ doing

He narrowly escaped death / being killed.

There's no way to escape doing the work.

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escape还可表示：

①（液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe.水从排水管中迅速流出。

② 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him.怎么也避不开他。

③ 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention.什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention.你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。 escape n

① 逃走The thief made his escape.小偷逃走了。

②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷She reads love stories as an escape.她读爱情小说解闷。 7.hunt的用法

▲ 构词：hunter n.猎人，搜寻者 ▲ 搭配：

① hunt for / after追猎；寻找，搜寻 ② hunt out 找出；调查出

【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.

A.hunting for

B.waiting for

C.shooting for

D.aiming for [考查目标]本题考查hunt for的意思。

[答案与解析]A hunt for原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。 8.impreion n.印象

(1) impreion (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impreion on his audience.

(2) impreion (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法That's my first impreion of the new college.

(3) impre sb.with sth.给予某人深刻印象 = impre sth.on sb.使某人铭记 The teacher impreed on his students the importance of speaking.= The teacher impre- ed his students with the importance of speaking.9.interrupt的用法vt, vi ① 阻断；中断 Don't interrupt me.别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

② 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt.打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。 ▲构词：

① interrupter n.打岔者，打断者

② interruption n.打岔．打断，使中断的事物

【考例】[2005山西模拟] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.

A.stop

B.introduce

C.prevent

D.interrupt [考查目标] interrupt的词义。

[答案与解析]D interrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”． 后接指人或指物的各种名词。 10.marry

(1) vi.结婚

He didn't marry until he was fifty.

(2) vt.和„„结婚

Jean is going to marry Hubert.

(3) vt.(父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a busineman.

(4) vt.(教士等) 为„„主持结婚仪式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.

[比较]

(1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作

His oldest girl got married last month.

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(2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态

How long have you been married? 11.moment的用法 n.① 片刻；瞬间 He will be here in a moment.他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。 ② 时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him.你选个合适的时机去拜访他。 ③ 重要性 a matter of great moment 一件极重要的事情 ▲搭配：

① at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上 ② at the last moment 在最后关头 ③ at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时 ④ every moment 时时刻刻 ⑤ for a moment 片刻

⑥ in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上 ⑦ the moment(that)...一„„就„„

【考例】[NMET 2004 II] "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh."But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason."

A.events B.chances

C.feelings

D.moments [考查目标] moment的词义。

[答案与解析] D moment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。 12.owe的用法owed, owing ▲ 搭配： ①（常与for连用）欠，欠债I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb.sth) The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1.食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。

☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为„欠某人„

② 对„负有义务；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot.我们十分感激父母。

③（常与to连用）归功于；由于She owes her succe to good luck.她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his succe to his teacher's encouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。 【考例】[2004湖北] "How much do I ____ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.

A.Owe

B.lend

C.give

D.offer [考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]A owe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。 13.reason n.原因；理由

(1) + to do sth.You haven't any reason to leave me.(2) + for sth./ doing People must have a reason for saying such things.(3) + 从句；从句用why / for which引导 That is the reason why you should leave.(4) for + reason，为了某种原因He is retiring for reasons of health.[比较] cause“原因；起因”

the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因) the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由) 14.role

(1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.

(2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用

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What is your role on the Committee? (3) play a...role in...= play a...part in在„„中扮演„„角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.15.serve v.

(1) 为„„服务／工作 A slave serves his master.

(2) 接待(顾客) The shop aistant is serving a customer.

(3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now.

(4) serve as 充任(某职务)作„„用 She served as a model for several painters./ This box will serve as / for a seat.16.speed的用法 ▲搭配：

① at a high speed 以很大的速度

② at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地； ③ with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力 ④ speed up 加速，快点

【考例】We had tried our best but the bo still shouted, " ____!"

A.Speed up

B.No hurry

C.Wait a minute

D.Slow down [考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。

[答案与解析]A speed up意思是“加速，快点”的意思。 17.stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视

He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。 [习惯用语] stare one in the face近在眼前；摆在眼前

▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。 gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。” stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。

glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors.被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。

【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A.Mind

B.Glance at

C.Stare at

D.Watch [考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。

[答案与解析]D watch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stare at却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。 18.trouble

(1) 麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事 (可数，不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble./ Life is full of troubles.

(2) 困难；费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth./ have trouble (in) doing sth.(= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.

[相关短语]

(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.

(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble.

(3) put sb.to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.

(4) take trouble to do sth.费心做某事；费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize) 1.will never forget the ____ given by Mr.Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.

39 2.I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.3.I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner. 4.Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.5.We must ____ our succe to our parents and teachers.6.The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.☆词语比较☆

1.win, beat, defeat 表示获胜、取胜的词语

(1) win v.赢„„，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race./ Our team won the game 8 to 7./ He won by five points./ He won her love at last./ He won the first place in the competition.

(2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) I can easily beat him at golf.

(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手The enemy was defeated in the battle.2.in the end, finally, at last

三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是： finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而 at last 与 in the end 的位置则较为灵活；

三者中at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian./ At last he knew the meaning of life./ At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.

另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.3.by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea

(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同 by ship 同义。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.

(2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.

(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.

(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.

(5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.4.be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.

(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。

-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not.恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.

(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone./ He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.

(3) be afraid of (doing) sth.常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.5.live, living, alive, lively

(1) live adj.

① 活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.

② 实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show.It was live.

③ 带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.

(2) living adj.活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England./ The old man is still living.(或alive)

(3) alive adj.① 活着的；② 有活力的；有生气

作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?

作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.

作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.

(4) lively adj.活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.6.take off, take down, take in, take on, take up

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(1) take off

① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.

② 脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes./ Who took the knob off the door?

③ 休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.

④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off./ His busine began to take off when he was in his forties.

(2) take down

① 拿下来；取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.

② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.

(3) take in

① 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.

② 理解；领会；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.

③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.

④使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.

(4) take on

① 接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.

② 雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more ais- tant?

③ 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.

(5) take up

① 从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.

② 开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast./ He dropped medicine and took up physics.

③ 占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning./ The table takes up too much room.

④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.7.call for, call on, call up

(1) call for

① 来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.

②要求；需要Succe in school calls for much hard work.

(2) call on

① call on / upon sb.拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.

② call on / upon sb.to do sth.请／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.

③ 号召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.

(3) call up

① 给„„打电话 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.

② 征召入役；调用 (后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week.8.too much, much too

(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数

名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。 There is too much rain here in spring./ She talked too much at the meeting.

(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰

形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。This book is much too difficult for me./ The old man walks much too slowly.9.custom, habit

(1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs./ It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.

(2) habit 指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成„„习惯”常

41

用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth.句型；“戒掉„„习惯”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth.句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up./ The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.10.arise, rise, raise

raise vt.“使„„上升；升起；提高”等； rise vi.“上升；升起”；

arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger.(抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.(刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother.(=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light.(起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(出现) ☆短语归纳☆

1.can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事

She couldn't hep smiling.

[比较]

(1) can't help but do 不得不„„；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.

(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.[归纳] (1) help (sb.) (to) do sth.Help me get him back to bed at once./ By helping them we are helping save ourselves.(2) help...with sth.帮助„„做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.

(3) help oneself / sb.to sth.给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟

等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?

(4) help...in sth.在„„方面帮助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.

(5) help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.2.含go的短语

① go around 到处走／跑．(疾病)流传，(谣言)传开；go after 追求；go ahead 说吧，请吧，做吧；go away 离开，出去

② go back 走网头路，翻悔改变；go bad 变坏；go boating 去划船 ③ go fishing 去钓鱼；go for a walk去 散步 ④ go hiking 去徒步旅行；go home 回家

⑤ go in for 喜爱，从事于；go into 进入，加入 ⑥ go mad 发疯

⑦ go off 离去，去世；go on 继续，进展，依据；go on doing 继续做；go out 出去，发出去，熄灭，不时兴；go over 研究，检查，搜查

⑧ go shopping 去商店；go skating 去滑冰；go straight along 沿着；go swimming 去游泳 ⑨ go through 通过，经受，仔细检查；go to bed 上床 ⑩ go up 上升

? go wrong 走错路，误入歧途

[例句] We'll go through the items one by one.我们要逐条研究。She has gone back to her old habits.她又回到了已往的习惯。Come on Sunday by yourself - we can go over the house together.星期天你要过来．我们一起检查一下房子。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.他的演讲持续很长时间，结果人们开始想睡。That expreion has gone out.Nobody Uses it today.那个短语已经过时了，现在没有人在用它。The young fellow hasn't realized that he has gone wrong.这个年轻人还没有意识到他已经误入歧途。Tired of going shopping with his wife，Mr.Liu pretended to have something important to do.厌烦与妻子一起去购物，刘先生假装有重要的事情要做。

42 【考例2】(2004北京) I don't ____ rock' n' roll.It's much too noisy for my taste.

A.go after

B.go away with

C.go into

D.go in for [考查目标] 此题主要考查四个动词短语的意思。

[答案与解析]D

go after 追求；go away with 带走；go into进入，加入；go in for 喜爱，爱好。根据句子意思“摇滚音乐太嘈杂。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜欢”。

【考例】(NMET 1998) Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ____.

A.be put up

B.give in

C.be turned on

D.go out [考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。

[答案与解析] D

put up 挂起；give in 屈服；turn on 打开；go out 熄灭。本句话意思是“没有人注意到贼溜进了屋子，因为灯碰巧熄灭了”。 3.go wrong

(1) 走错路；弄错方向

(2) 失败；不顺利All our plans went wrong./ Everything went wrong in those days.

(3)发生故障

The clock went wrong.

[比较]表示“变为”的系动词

(1) go 表示由积极向消极方面变化Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.又如：go mad / pale / blind / hungry

(2) become / get 表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方

面变化 The weather is getting quite warm./ Gradually he became silent.

(3) turn 多接表颜色的词 This ink turns black when it dries./ He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.

注意：become a writer

(4) grow 侧重变化过程 The sea is growing calm.

(5) fall 进入某种状态

All three children fell asleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；归功于„„

(1) 欠(钱)owe sb.money = owe money to sb.I owe ￡50 to my tailor.= I owe my tailor ￡50.(2) 得过(某人的)好处；欠(某人的)人情债

We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.(3) 应当给予 You owe me an apology.(4) „„应归功于；„„都亏得

We owe the general theory of relativity to Einstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的词组：owing to / because of / thanks to / due to / as a result of 5.take one's place (1) 入座，站好位置，取得地位Take your places, please.We are about to start.(2) take one's place = take the place of sb.代替(职务或工作等)；接替Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.[比较] (1) in place (of)代替；„„而不用The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.(2) take one's seat 在自己座位上坐下；有时等于 take one's place：More men entered and took their seats.6.think highly of 赞扬 表赞赏的词有：

(1) think / speak highly / well / much...of: The people think very highly of him.表认为不好的词有：

43 (2) think little / badly / poorly / nothing...of: Joan thought little of walking two miles to school.7.含“动词 + away”的短语 ① do away with 去掉

② get away 逃脱，(使)离开 ③ go away 离去，出去

④ put away 放好，把„„收拾起来，存(钱)以备它日之用 ⑤ run away 逃走，离开

⑥ smooth away 去除，克服

⑦ stay away (from) 不在家，外出

⑧ take away 拿走，带走，夺去，使离去 ⑨ throw away 扔掉．浪费．坐失(良机) [例句]Don't throw away such a good chance.Or you'll regret.不要放弃这么好的机会，不然的话，你会后悔

的。Put away the tools before you leave.离开前把工具收拾好。Why did you stay away from school? 你为什么不去上学? I had hoped to take a good holiday this year but I wasn't able to get away.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我离不开。 【考例】(2004重庆)Before the war broke out, many people ____ in safe places poeions they could not take with them．

A.threw away

B.put away

C.gave away

D.carried away [考查目标]此题主要考查“动词+away”四个短语的意思。 [答案与解析]B throw away 扔掉；put way 放好，把 „„收拾起来；give away 分发．泄露；carry away 冲 走。本句话意思是“在战争爆发以前，许多人把他们不 能带走的财产藏在了安全的地方”。 8.含“动词 + off”的短语 ① drop off 放下，下车 ② fall off (从„„)掉下来

③ get off (从„„)下来，动身，起飞，脱下来 ④ give off 发出，放出 ⑤ jump off 跳离

⑥ put off 推迟，延期

⑦ set off 出发，引起，启程

⑧ see sb off 为某人送行，为„„送行 ⑨ switch off 关掉

⑩ take off 脱，去掉，起飞，匆匆离开，成名 ? throw off 匆忙脱掉

? turn off 关掉，避开，拐弯

[例句]The electricity supply must be turned off at the mains before you change the lighting circuit.在改变火线前，主干线的电力供应必须切断。 Mrs Garey as usual went to the door to see him off.Garey夫人像通常一样把他送到门口。He had to put off an appointment with me on account of illne.因为疾病的缘故，他不得不推迟了与我的约会。Before the body of the car can be properly repaired, all the external fittings must be taken off.车身适当修理前，所有外部的配件必须拿下来。The fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat.这炉火好像不大热。

【考例】(2005广东) John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ____ him ____ at the airport.

A.send...away

B.leave...off

44

C.see...off

D.show...around [考查目标]此题主要考查短语see off的用法。 [答案与解析]C

see off 意为“给某人送行”；send away意为“派遣”；leave off意为“停止，不再穿”；show around意为“带领某人参观”。 [牛刀小试2] 在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词。

1.My grandmother had put ____ over$50,000 when she was sixty—five years old.2.His mother had thought it would be good for his charac- ter to get ____ home and earn some money on his own.3.The market was filled ____ salted fish, giving the worst smell that you can imagine.4.-- What do you think the contest? -- I was told that the English Speech Contest went ____ succefully last night.5.If you had gone ____ your test paper carefully before handing it in you would have made fewer mistakes.☆句型诠释☆

1.The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。 该句巾的why引导一个定语从句，而that引导表语从句。

1.句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容，往往被看作是固定句型：The reason is / was that clause.当主语是reason / cause时，一般不能用because或why引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。当主语是This / That时，可以由because / why引导表语从句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.【考例】(NMET 1999) -- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?

A.why B.when C.what D.where [考查目标] 表语从句。

[答案与解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为why。

2.why在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语，此时why = for which，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which。

【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelene in his work?

A.he explained

B.what he explained

C.how he explained

D.why he explained [考查目标]定语从句。

[答案与解析]A what，how不能引导定语从句，排除B、C两项；the reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。

2.Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.好多看过这个片子的人一想起片中鲨鱼食人的场面．就不敢下海游泳了。 该句是一个复杂长句，从when到句子末尾是状语从句，在从句中包含一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before cla is over.定语从句关系词的选择，要遵循“瞻前顾后”的原则，所谓“瞻前”即看前面的先行词指人还是指物；“顾后”即后面的定语从句，看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。例如：This is the factory where he works.(状语) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited.(宾语) 【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A.that

B.who

C.from whom

D.to whom [考查目标]定语从句。

[答案与解析]D “turn to sb for help”为固定短语，意思是“向某人求助”，所以选to whom。

3.When asked about the secret of his succe, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his succe and happine to his

45 wife and children.当有人问起他成功的秘诀时。史蒂文?斯皮尔伯格说起他的成功和幸福主要来自于妻子和孩子。 该句中的 "when" 是时间状语从句的省略形式。在状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，而且从句谓语动词是be或包含be时，常常将从句主语与be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.

【考例】 (2003上海春招) Unle ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited

B.inviting

C.being invited

D.having invited [考查目标]状语从句的省略现象。

[答案与解析]A unle为连词，后面省略了you are，所以选invited。

4.Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.在餐桌上，懂礼节意味着你知道如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒以及如何在用餐时举止得体。 该句中having good manners为v-ing形式作主语。例如：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.▲友情提示：在v -ing 形式前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，构成v -ing复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语。 【考例5】(2001上海)Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.

A.he'd like to collect coins as well

B.he feels like collecting coins, too

C.to collect coins is also his hobby

D.collecting coins gives him great pleasure [考查目标]v -ing 作主语。 [答案与解析]D

A、B、C三项句法都无错误，但在and连接的并列句中，两个简单句的主语要保持一致的形式 fishing and collecting coins分别做两个简单句的主语。

5.It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need.餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌，所以不要多拿。

该句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为to finish eating „例如：It's not right to tell lies.撒谎是不对的。 it作为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有： 1.It + be + adj.+ to do sth 2.It + be + n.+ to do sth 3.It + be + PP.to do sth 【考例】(2001上海) In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

A.this

B.that

C.there

D.it [考查目标] 形式主语。

[答案与解析]D 只有it才可以作形式主语。 【句型归纳】

1.When / While / Though / Unle / If + n./ adj./ 现在分词／过去分词„„ 状语从句有些成分有时可省略，一般是主语和be省略；有时it和be可以省略： He made no answer when (he is) spoken to./Though (he was) born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York./ Come back early if (it is) poible.[注意]用法详见Chapter 10语法活用“省略和插入语”。 2.Not only / just„but (also) 连接相同的句子成分

Not only the teacher but all the students are going to visit the Science Museum.(连接主语时根据就近原则) / They not only sang but (also) danced for a whole night./ Many people go to see this film not just because the film is interesting, but also the leading actors and actrees are all world famous./ Not only do we learn for our country, but we'll work for her in the future.(连接句子时，not only后的句子要部分倒装) [牛刀小试3] 1.The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice.

46 A.that; because

B.why; because C.why; that

D.for that; that 2.The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great succe.(2004 全国卷I) A.for which

B.at which C.in which

D.on which 3.When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002 上海春招) A.completed

B.completing C.being completed

D.to be completed 4.____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(2003 上海) A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attend D.The president's attending 5.I don't think ____ poible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (NMET 1990) A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it

【交际速成】

1.Giving opinions and Making comments 询问看法与作出评价 (2003北京西城) -- How do you find the talk given by Mr．Smith? -- ____.

A.Very well B.Excited

C.Boring D.Not at an [答案与解析]C 本题考查对事物提出看法或作出评价的用语。A、B两项词法错误，若改为Very good或Exciting，就可回答提问了。D项不合语境。此句完整为：(It's) Boring.【归纳】英语中询问看法的用语有： ① How do you like / find...? ② What do you think of / about...? ③ What do you feel about...? 2.Describing sequences按次序描述事件发生的过程

Mother first did some washing and then did some cooking, ____ she had a rest.

A.finally

B.in the end

C.by the end

D.at last [答案与解析] A

本题考查如何描述事情发生的顺序。finally 用于在列举一系列内容之后。要引出最后一项内容的场合；也可与at last互换，表示所盼望的事迟迟到来。in the end强调结果。有时可与口at last意义相同。 【归纳】英语中常见描述事件发生次序的用语有： ① First,....Next,....Then....Finally, ....例如:

First, we went to Leshan.Next, we climbed Mount Emei.Then we played with some moneys.Finally, towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu.② What did you do next? 3.Thanks致谢

(2002北京) -- It's been a wonderful evening, Thank you very much. -- ____.

A.My pleasure

B.I'm glad to hear that

C.No, thanks

D.It's OK [答案与解析]A 本题考查英语中如何表达感谢及应答。My pleasure是回答感谢的客套话。 【归纳】英语中表达感谢的用语有： ① Thank you (very much).

47 ② Thanks a lot.③ Thank you for your help.④ It's very kind / nice of you.⑤ Many thanks.⑥ I appreciate your help.⑦ I can never thank you enough.⑧ I'm extremely grateful to you.应答用语有： ① It's a pleasure.② My pleasure.③ That's OK / all right.④ You're welcome.⑤ Not at all.⑥ Don't mention it.⑦ No trouble at all (没什么).⑧ At your service (愿为你效劳).⑨ Think nothing of it.[牛刀小试4] 1.-- Thank you ever so much for your help.-- ____.A.Glad to hear that

B.Not worth thanking C.Think nothing of it

D.You're too polite 2.-- How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane? -- ____.A.Oh, wonderful, indeed B.By taking a No.3 bus C.I went there alone D.A clamate of mine showed me the way 3.-- ____ the articles of Times? -- I'm not sure.I glanced through them but I haven't formed an opinion yet.A.How do you think of

B.What did you like C.How did you like

D.What do you think of 4.-- Thank you very much for the meal.-- Not at all.____.A.I'm very glad to hear that B.I'm glad you could come C.Make yourself at home D.With pleasure ☆精典题例☆

1.Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003年上海) A.when taking

B.when taken C.when to take

D.when to be taken 【解析】选B take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是when it is taken的省略。 2.Unle ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.(2003年春季上海) A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 【解析】选A you与invite是动宾关系，要用过去分 词invited作状语。

3.The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET 2002) A.begins

B.having begun C.beginning

D.begun

48 【解析】选D once begun 在句中作状语；once这里是连词，“一旦”。

4.____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2004年 湖北) A.Compare

B.When comparing C.Comparing

D.When compared 【解析】选D 相当于when it is compared。

5.____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.(2004年 上海) A.Not only they brought

B.Not only did they bring C.Not only brought they

D.Not only they did bring 【解析】选B not only...but also引导的并列句；以not only开头的句子要部分倒装。 6.____, he used to helped his father on the farm.A.When was a boy

B.As he was a boy C.As a boy

D.During a boy 【解析】选C

as在这里是连词；as a boy = when (he was) a boy。

Unit 1

1.词组：

add up

add up to

add„ to„

add to

calm… down

have got to

be concerned about / with

walk the dog

cheat … of

go through

go ahead

go by

set down

set up

set off

set out

a series of

on purpose

by accident/ chance

in order to

so as to

in order that

so as that

at dusk

at dawn

at midnight

at noon

face to face

no longer

not … any longer

settle down

suffer from

recover from

get/ be tired of

make a list of

list

pack… up

get along/ on with

fall in love

be grateful to sb.for sth.

join in

take part in

join

attend

make sb/ sth

+ 宾语补足语

have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with

49

it’s because„.. +原因

it’s why„. + 结果

dare

+

(to) do (实义动词)

do

(情态动词)

a year and a half

it’s no pleasure+ doing sth

happen to do sth

have trouble with sb (in) doing sth

exactly

find it + adj.+ to do sth

make friends with

swap … with

it is / was + 序数词 + that + has done / had done „.

unit 2

词组：

because of

come up

come up with

come in

come on

come out

actually

in fact

as a matter of fact

in reality

be based on

at present

make use of

make full/ good use of

such as

play a part/ role in

recognize … as

more than one + 谓语用单数

at the end of

in the end

at an end

voyage

tour

travel

journey

than ever before

even if / though

communicate with

those

+ 定语从句 用who

1600’s

1980s

in + 物主代词

+ 数字的复数

in his forties

the former

the latter

a number of

the number of

make sense

usage VS use

believe it or not

there is no such + 名词 （不加冠词）

the way + in which / that /省略

especially

specially

straight

adj/ adv

unit 3

50

推荐第2篇：高一英语必修一知识点总结(家教)

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2 ☆重点句型☆

1.What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法 2.I think he / she should be„表示个人观点的词语

3.I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games.等表示喜好的词语 4.Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.“when"作并列连词的用法

5.What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的 特殊疑问句结构

6.With so many people communicating in English everyday,

...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语

7.Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词

(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法 ☆重点词汇☆ 1.especially v.特别地 2.imagine v.想像

3.alone adv./ adj.单独，孤独的 4.interest n.兴趣

5.everyday adj.每天的，日常的 6.deserted adj.抛弃的 7.hunt v.搜寻 8.share v.分享

9.care v.在乎，关心 10.total n.总数

11.majority n.大多数 12.survive v.生存，活下来 13.adventure n.冒险 14.scared adj.吓坏的 15.admit v.承认

16.while conj.但是，而 17.boring adj.令人厌烦的 18.except prep.除„„之外 19.quality n.质量

20.favourite adj.最喜爱的 ☆重点短语☆ 1.be fond of爱好

2.treat„as„把„„看作为„„

3.make friends with 与„„交朋友

4.argue with sb.about / over sth.与某人争论某事 5.hunt for寻找 6.in order to为了

7.share„with与„„分享 8.bring in引进；赚钱

9.a great / good many许多„ 10.have difficulty (in) doing做„„有困难 11.end up with以„„结束 12.except for除„„之外 13.come about发生 14.make(a)fire生火

15.make yourself at home别拘束 16.the majority of大多数 17.drop sb.a line给某人写短信 18.for the first time第一次 19.at all根本；竟然

20.have a (good) knowledge of„精通„„ ☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? l.be fond ____ 喜欢，爱好 of 2.hunt ____

搜索。追寻，寻找 for 3.in to ____ 为了 order

4.care ____ 担心，关心 about 5.such ____ 例如，诸如 as

6.drop sb a ____ 给某人写信(通常指写短信) line 7.make oneself at ____ 别客气 home 8.____ total 总共 in

9.except ____ 除了„„之外 for 10.stay ____

不睡，熬夜 up 11.____ about 发生 come 12.end ____ with 以„„告终 up 13.bring ____ 引进，引来 in

14.a great ____

许许多多，极多 many 15.be ____

对„„深感兴趣，深深迷上„„ into 16.____ the Internet 上网 surf 17.____ claes 逃学，逃课 skip 18.get ____

聚会，相聚，聚集 together 19.be proud ____

为„„感到骄傲 of 20.keep an ____ on

照看，注意 eye 21.be curious ____

对„„感到好奇 about 22.shut ____

(使)住口 up 23.joke ____

开玩笑 about 24.____ the name of 以„„名义 in 25.____ the time 总是，一直 all ☆交际用语☆ 1.I think…

I like / love / hate...

I enjoy...

My interests are...2.Did you have a good flight?

You must be very tired.

Just make yourself at home.I beg your pardon?

Can you tell me how to pronounce...?

Get it.☆单词聚焦☆

1.argue v.的用法

▲构词：argument n.1.[C]争论 2.[U]讨论．辩论3.[C]论据 ▲搭配：

① argue with / against sb.over / on / about sth.与某人争论某事 ② argue for / against sth.辩论赞成／反对某事

③ argue that...主张，认为，争辩说

④ argue sb into / out of doing sth.说服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb.into / out of doing sth.⑤ settle the argument 解决争端

▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth.为某事和某人而发生的争执

【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth.

(2004全国卷I)

A.speeches

B.leons C.sayings D.arguments [考查目标] argue名词形式的词义。

[答案与解析] D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。 2.compare v.的用法

▲构词：comparison n.比较

▲搭配：① compare...to...比拟；比作② compare...with / to...将„„和„„相比较③ compare notes 对笔记；交换意见

【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2004湖北)

A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared [考查目标] compare的用法。

[答案与解析] D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。 3.consider v.的用法

▲构词：consideration n.考虑，思考；体谅，顾及

▲搭配：① consider doing sth.考虑做某事② consider sb (to be / as)...认为／觉得某人„„③ consider that- clause 认为„„④ take sth into consideration 考虑⑤ under consideration 在考虑中

【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)

A.to invent

B.inventing

C.to have invented

D.having invented [考查目标] consider的几种常见用法。

[答案与解析] C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。 4.deserted adj.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的

(1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。

(2) 被遗弃的

a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子 (3) desert ['dezot] n.沙漠

desert [dI'zo:t] vt.丢弃；遗弃

He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.5.difficulty n.

(1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling.

(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。 have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.干某事有困难

there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. have (some) difficulty with sth.

在某事上有困难

there is (some) difficulty with sth.

do sth.with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事

We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.

Do you have any difficulty with your English? 【注意】

(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰

(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。 6.favourite = favorite (A.E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物

(1) adj.最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football.

(2) n.[C] 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.7.fun的用法

▲构词：funny adj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的

▲搭配：

① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑

② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的 ③ be full of fun„„很好玩

④ have fun with sb.和某人开一个玩笑

⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心

⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 ⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀! ⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心

【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match.We're play- ing che just for ____.

A.habit

B.hobby

C.fun

D.game [考查目标] fun构成的短语for fun的意思。

[答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。 8.imagine的用法

▲构词：① imagination n.[C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物② imaginative adj.富有想像力的

▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地 【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___acro the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)

A.sail

B.to sail

C.sailing

D.to have sailed [考查目标] imagine的基本用法。

[答案与解析] C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。 9.interest的用法

interest vt.使„„感兴趣 n.兴趣，爱好 [U] 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics.他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣

▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的

▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣② be interested in 对„„感兴趣(关心) ③have an interest in sth./ in doing sth.对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在„„中有股份、权益等④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的兴趣⑤ in the interest(s) of 为„„利益；为„„起见；对„„有利⑥ lose interest in 对„„不再感兴趣⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth.对„„表示关心(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对„„不 (不太) 感兴趣⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth./ in doing sth.在某方面培养／有兴趣 ? lose interest in sth./ in doing sth.对某方面失去兴趣

有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.

另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance.(2004全国卷 II)

A.Interested

B.Anxiously

C.Seriously

D.Encouraged [考查目标] interest派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析] A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。 10.prove的用法

▲构词：① proof n.证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样

▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证实„„② prove to sb that 从句向某人证实„„③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出

【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____.(05长春模拟)

A.proved

B.killed

C.thought

D.discued [考查目标] 考查prove的意思。

[答案与解析] A 本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。

11.provide的用法

▲构词：① provider n.供给者，供应者，养家者② provided / providing conj.倘若 ▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给„„提供；以„„装备

【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.

A.provided

B.fed

C.afforded

D.charred [考查目标]考查provide的词义。

[答案与解析]A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。

12.share的用法 ▲搭配：① share (in) sth.with sth.和某人分享、分担、共用某物② share sth (out) between / among...将某物分配、分给„„③ share joys / happine and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意见

【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____.(NMET 2000)

A.support

B.care

C.spare

D.share [考查目标] 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。

[答案与解析] D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。 13.solve的用法

▲构词：solution n.1.[C] (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2.[U] 解答，解决 3.[U] 溶解 ▲搭配：the solution to 解决„„的办法

【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001北京春招)

A.with

B.into C.for

D.to [考查目标] solve名词solution的相关搭配。 [答案与解析] D “对于„„的解决办法”，介词用to。

14.total n./ adj.全部(的)

(1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there.

(2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.(3) the total of...„„的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.15.when conj.

when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：

(1) be doing...when...正在做„„突然„„I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.

(2) had done...when...刚做了„„突然„„I had just sat down when the light went out.

(3) be about to do...when...刚要做„„突然„„I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.

16.while conj.

(1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.

(2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.

(3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share) 1.All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s.(to have interested) 2.Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it.(fun)

3.The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs.Wang and his nephew.(argument) 4.We can't decide.The plan needs to be ____.(considered) 5.____ with Cla Two, ours has more boy students.(Compared) 6.I find a better way ____ this problem.(to solve) 7.Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government.(share / shared) 【词语比较】 1.especially, specially especially adv.特殊地；尤其是

(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English.(尤其是英语)

(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring.(尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb.或to do sth.) I made a chocolate cake specially for you.2.boring, bored, bore boring adj.令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.bored adj.感到厌烦的 I'm bored with the book.bore vt.令人厌烦

This book bores me.

有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人„„”；过去分词形式，为“感到„„”。 3.except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。

(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了„„之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's addre except / but him.(排除him)

(2) besides 除„„之外，还„„，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围)

(3) except for 只不过„„，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.4.know, know of, know about

(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not./ I know him to be honest.

(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。 5.for example; such as

(1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible./ His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.

[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。 ☆短语归纳☆ 1.含all的短语

1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序) 2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共 3) after all 毕竟，终究 4) at all 到底，根本

5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性) 6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一点也不 7) all the time 始终，一直

8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防 9) all right 行，可以

10) all at once 立刘，马上 11) all day and all night 日日夜夜 12) all over 遍及

13) all alone 独个儿，独立地 14) all but 几乎，差一点 15) all in all 总的说来

16) all together 一道，同时，总共 17) for all 尽管

[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldn't scold her.After all, she is only five years old.你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love.孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time.你一定一直知道这事。

【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.____, she is a great musician.(2004甘肃、青海)

A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual [考查目标] 主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析] A after all意为“毕竟．终究”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。

【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)

A.in all

B.above all

C.after all

D.at all [考查目标] 主要考查all构成的四个短语。 [答案与解析] B

in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。 2.at all

(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.

(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.

(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?

(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.3.含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语 1) be good at 擅长于

2) be interested in 对„„感兴趣

3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对„„满意 4) be famous for 因„„而出名 5) be kind / good to 对„„好 6) be lost in 沉湎于

7) be active in 在某方面积极 8) be sure about / of 确信 9) be afraid of 害怕 10) be full of 充满 11) be filled with 充满

12) be made of / from 由„„组成 13) be generous to 对„„慷慨 14) be popular with 受欢迎 15) be confident of 确信 16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱

17) be angry with / at 对„„发脾气 18) be late for 迟到

19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对„„感到惊讶 20) be busy doing 忙着做„„

21) be excited about 对„„感到兴奋 22) be worried about 担心 23) be used for / as 用于

24) be curious about 对„„好奇

[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself.林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little.他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor.在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in.他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do.看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。 【考例l】(2005重庆) -- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so... -- So I have to be patient ____ him.

A.in; with

B.on; with

C.in; to

D.at; for [考查目标] 同定搭配中介词的选择。

[答案与解析] A

be slow in 意为“在„„方面反应迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对„„有耐心”。

4.end up with...以„„结束

(1) end up with + n.以„„结束

The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.

(2) end up as...最后成为„He will end up as a president some day.

(3) end up + 地点状语最后(有„„结局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.5.“make + 名词”短语 ① make a noise 吵闹

② make faces 做鬼脸，做苦脸 ③ make room for 给„„腾出地方 ④ make the bed 整理床铺 ⑤ make phone calls 打电话 ⑥ make friends with 交朋友 ⑦ make money 赚钱

⑧ make use of 利用

⑨ make a decision 做出决定 ⑩ make a mistake 犯错误

[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back.老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。

Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。

They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons.为了给更重要的人物腾出

地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。

【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____.(2003北京春招)

A.make it out

B.make it off

C.make it up

D.make it over [考查目标] 主要考查make短语。

[答案与解析] A make out意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make off 意为“连忙跑掉”；make up 意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；make over 意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。 【考例】

-- When shall we start? -- Let's ____ it at 8:30.Is that all right? (2002北京)

A.set

B.meet

C.make

D.take [考查目标] 此题主要考查 make 短语。

[答案与解析] C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。 6.make fire点火

有以下fire (n.) 短语: be on fire 着火了(表示状态) / catch fire 燃着；着火(表示动作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒险的事 / Set sth.on fire = set fire to sth.放火烧„„ / make (a) fire 点火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火灾

[注意] fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。 7.a great / good many许多

(1) a great / good many + 名词复数，中间无“of”。A great many people have seen the film.(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名词复数 A great many of the people have seen the film.8.make yourself at home 别拘束

(1) make yourself at home 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语) -- Good evening, Jim.-- Good evening, Mary.Come in and make yourself at home.

(2) (all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助) You can't poibly do it all by yourself.

(3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.

(4) for oneself 亲自; 为自己The student wants to think it for himself./ One should not live for oneself alone.

(5) of oneself 自动地The door closed of itself suddenly.

(6) be oneself 身体或情绪好 I am not myself today.

(7) help oneself to + n./ pron.随便„„ Please help yourself to the fish．

(8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.

(9) come to oneself 苏醒The injured man came to him- self in five minutes.

(10) between ourselves 私下说的话 All this is between ourselves.

9.the majority of...大多数的„„

(1) a / the majority of + 名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。the majority 单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal.

(2) by a majority of + 数字，以超过„„票的多数She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.10.treat „ as „把„看做„ The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.【比较】表示“认为”的短语还有：

regard…as…

consider…(as)…

think of…as…

look on / upon…as…

take…for…

[注意] 在consider„as„短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。

[牛刀小试2] 1.If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr.Johnson.A.interested

B.anxious

C.upset

D.curious 2.Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.A.of; loved

B.for; cared C.to; devoted

D.on; affected 3.In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.

A.in all

B.after all

C.above all

D.at all 4.-- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.

-- Never mind.____, you have tried your best.

A.Above all

B.In all

C.At all

D.After all 5.Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.A.hope for the best

B.make room for C.make the best of

D.lay our hope on (DCCDC) 【句型归纳】

1.I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。

这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care.我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：

(1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也„„” ) (2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不„„” ) (3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主语也„„” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况) (4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。 (5) 主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。

【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(2005全国 III) A.so does John

B.John does too C.John doesn't too

D.nor does John [考查目标] nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。

[答案与解析] D 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句。

2.Chuck is a busineman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。

该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her.= She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.常见句型：

(1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause (2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause (3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause (4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause (5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause (6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause (7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause 注意：①当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然要用such。②当so + adj./ adv.或 such + n.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。

【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.(2001上海) A.I have felt

B.have I felt

C.I did feel

D.did I feel [考查目标] so + adj.位于句首时，主句倒装。

[答案与解析] D A、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。

3.One day Chuck is on a flight acro the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。 该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于and just或and at that time.这时不能用while / as 替换。

常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when...(2) be doing sth when...(3) be on the point of doing sth when...【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春招) A.when

B.while

C.until

D.before [考查目标] "when" 作连词，表示“正在这时”。

[答案与解析] A 意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。 4.He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。

该句中的“how I to collect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy.疑问词which, what, how, when, where等与小定式构成不定式短语。

【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000) A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects [考查目标] what to do sth 不定式短语作宾语。 [答案与解析] B 该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。

5.In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he called Wilson.为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。

1.该句中的"in order to"，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause 注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3) 在in order that / so that 引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can, could, may, might 等情态动词连用。

【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.

A.as soon as B.as a result

C.in case D.so that [考查目标] 目的状语。

[答案与解析]D as soon as “一„就„”；as a result“结果是”；in case “万一”；so that“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。 2.该句子中 volleyball 是作同位语。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。

【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.

A.that

B.one

C.it

D.what [考查目标] one作同位语，指代a moment。

[答案与解析] B that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。

6.For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。 1.该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为“然而”。“while"充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“during the time that„”；引导让步状语从句，意为“although„”。 2.该句中的 "stay" 为系动词。后接表语 (the same)。除了stay外，常见的系动词还有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。

【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.

A.be stayed

B.stay C.be staying

D.have stayed [考查目标] 系动词的用法。

[答案与解析] B 系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行

时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。 7.for the first time 第一次

(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语 They came to Beijing for the first time.(2) the first time 名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：every time; next time; the last time They liked Beijing the first time they went there.(3) It's / This is the first time that + 从句(用现在完成时)这是„„的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.8.What is it that...? 是什么„„? 强调句的用法：

(1) 结构：It is / It was (过去时间) + 被强调部分 + that / who (专指人) + 其他部分

(2) 用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。

Jim met the student in the street last week.主语宾语地点状语时间状语

强调主语：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.强调宾语：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.强调地点状语：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.强调时间状语：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.(3) 注意点：

一般疑问句的强调句：

Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? 特殊疑问句的强凋句：

Who is it that will visit our cla?

Where is it that he has gone?

When was it that she went?

not „ until „用于强调句：

It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.[牛刀小试3] 1.-- I would never ever come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!

-- ____.(2004广西) A.Nor am I

B.Neither would I

C.Same with me

D.So do I

2.We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.A.so; so

B.such; so C.such; such D.so; so 3.Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A.when

B.while

C.since

D.once 4.It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows ____.(NMET 2002) A.it what to do with

B.what to do it with C.what to do with it

D.to do what with it

5.Roses need special care ___they can live through winter. (2004 天津) A.because B.so that C.even if

D.as (BBACB) 【交际速成】

1.Talking about likes and dislikes.谈论喜欢和不喜欢 -- I enjoy Chinese food very much.-- ____.(03东北三校) A.Please taste quickly

B.Have more, please C.Help yourself

D.Eat slowly while it is hot [答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。

【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有： (1) This book is very interesting.(2) I like / love the movie (very much). (3)I like / love to play computer games.(4) I like taking photos.

(5) I enjoy listening to music.

(6) I'm interested in science.My hobbies / interests are...(7) He is fond of music.(8) This song is bad / awful.

(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.(11)I hate to do homework.I hate dancing, (12)I'm not into claic music.

(13)I think that claic music is terrible / boring.2.Making apologies 道歉

-- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late.-- ____ Okay.(2003北京春招) A.This is

B.You're

C.That's

D.I'm [答案与解析] C 本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。

【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：

(1) I'm very sorry.I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.(4) Please excuse me coming late.(5) Please forgive me.(6) Excuse me, please.(7) I beg your pardon.应答表达有： (1) That's / It's all right.(2) That's / It's OK.(3) Never mind.(4) It doesn't matter.(5) It's nothing.(6) Forget it.(7) Don't worry about that.(8) Don't mention it.

3.Talking about language difficulties in communication 谈论语言交际困难 -- I'm sorry.I can't catch you.____ -- OK, it's B—L—A—C—K.

A.Would you please walk slowly?

B.I don't understand you．

C.What's the meaning of this word?

D.Would you please repeat it more slowly? [答案与解析] D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch 在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch 在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯，故正确答案是D。 【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有： (1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.

(3) Can you speak more slowly, please? (4 )How do you say...in English.'? (5) I don't know how to say that in English.(6) I don't know the word in English.(7) How do you spell it, please? (8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.

(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that again, please? (10) What do you mean by killing time? [牛刀小试4] 1.-- ____ I didn't hear you clearly.It's too noisy here.-- I was saying that the party was great.A.Repeat.

B.Once again.C.Sorry?

D.So what? 2.-- Do you like a house with no garden? -- ____.But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.A.Not a bit

B.Not a little C.Not really

D.Not specially 3.-- I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? -- ____.A.It's OK

B.You are welcome C.It's your fault

D.Never you mind 4.-- What you said at the meeting hurt me badly! -- Sorry.But ____.A.I didn't mean it

B.I didn't mean to C.I don't mean it

D.I don't mean to 5.-- You seem to show interest in cooking.-- ____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.A.Really

B.Pardon

C.OK

D.What (CCABD) 【精典题例】

1.-- David has made great progre recently.-- ____, and ____.

A.So he has; so have you

B.So has he; so have you

C.So he has; so you have

D.So has he; so you have 【解析】选A 答句中的he指David，不倒装。“So have you”意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。 2.Little ____ what others think.

A.does he care about

B.care he about C.about he eared

D.about cared he 【解析】选A little为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。

3.At school, what he enjoys ____ football.

A.playing B.to play C.is playing D.played 【解析】选C what he enjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playing football。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。

4.At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.A.unexpecting

B.disappointing

C.disappointed

D.interesting 【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。 5.He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as

B.until

C.while

D.when 【解析】选D "when"表示“就在这时，突然”。 6.The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.A.frightening; frightened

B.frightened; frightened C.frightened; frightening

D.frightening; frightening 【解析】选A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感 到害怕”。

7.In our ____ life, English is ____ used.A.everyday; wide

B.everyday; widely C.every day; wide

D.every day; widely 【解析】选B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。 8.-- Hello, Mary.I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like? -- ____.A.I don't know

B.She's like her mother, not father C.She likes music D.Not had! Quite pretty 【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。

9.The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.A.had put out

B.was put out C.had been out

D.had broken out 【解析】选C be out"火熄灭”，表示状态。

10.It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.A.be shared

B.should be spared C.saved

D.be spent

【解析】选A suggest后用虚拟语气。be shared前可 省略should。

11.She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.A.interest; as books many as she could B.an interest; as many books as she could C.interested; as many books as she can D.interests; as books as she could 【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。 12.-- How's the young man? -- ____.A.He's twenty

B.He's a doctor C.He is much better

D.He's David 【解析】选C how is sb.“某人身体如何”。

13.Let Harry play with your toys as well.Clare, you must learn to ____.A.support

B.care

C.spare

D.share 【解析】选D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。 14.The new dre looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.A.besides B.except C.beside D.except for 【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。 15.-- What about your clamate, Susan? -- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.A.regards

B.believes C.suggests

D.considers 【解析】选D consider as„“认为„„是„„”，as可省略。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4 ☆重点句型☆

1.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ...you may want to try hiking.Instead和instead 0f的用法

2.Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb.(for me) 问候的句型 3.Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来

4.She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet.(= keep struggling)

5.You should not go rafting unle you know...unle引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not 6.By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds.目的状语从句

7.She was so surprised that she couldn't move.结果状语从句 8.Tree after tree went down, cut down by water.过去分词作状语

9.The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.现在分词作状语 10.However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.It didn't take long before the building was destroyed.

before的用法 ☆重点词汇☆

1.means n.方法；途径 2.experience n.经验 3.equipment n.设备 4.succeful adj.成功的 5.protect v.保护 6.handle v.处理 7.consider v.考虑 8.benefit n.利益 9.particular adj.特别的 10.effect n.效果 11.combine v.合并

12.unforgettable adj.不会忘记的 13.advance v.前进 14.seize v.抓住 15.struggle v.奋斗 16.fear v.& n.害怕 17.strike v.敲打 18.destroy v.毁掉 19.publish v.出版

20.naughty adj.调皮的 ☆重点短语☆

1.get away from 逃离

2.watch / look out 注意，当心

3.go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游 4.as with 正如„„一样 5.see off 为某人送行

6.on the other hand 在另一方面 7.take care of 照顾

8.get close / near to 接近，凑近9.tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树 10.as wall as 也，和„„一样(好) 11.protect„from 保护„„不受„„的伤害 12.be surprised at 因„„而吃惊

13.be caught / trapped / struck in 被„„困住 14.take place 发生

15.go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事) 16.be upon 临近，逼近17.hold on to 紧紧抓住

18.refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息) 19.look into 注视„„的内部；检查，调查 20.for fear of (doing) sth.惟恐„„ ☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? l.get ____ from 逃离

away

2.watch ____ 注意，当心 out 3.protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from 4.see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off 5.on the other ____ 另一方面 hand 6.as ____ as也，还，而且 well 7.____ place发生，产生 take 8.____ fire失火 on 9.pull sb ____ 把„„往上拽 up 10.get ____ one's feet站立起来；站起身来 on 11.go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through 12.____ holiday在度假 on 13.travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent 14.be ____ 逼近，临近upon 15.____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take 16.____ "Hi" to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say 17.come ____ with提出 up 18.go ____ a hike 去远足 for 19.be caught ____ 受困于„„，陷于„„ in 20.____ a second 马上，一会儿 in 21.look ____ 往„„里面看，调查 into 22.refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to 23.hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto 24.sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away 25.sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down ☆交际用语☆

1.Where would you prefer going...? 2.How would you like to go to...? 3.Have a nice / pleasant trip ! 4.Well, I must be off.5.It's all right． 6.I'm afraid.7.Come on ! 8.It scares me.9.Don't worry.10.First..., next..., then..., finally...☆单词聚焦☆ 1.advance的用法

▲构词：advanced adj.高等的．先进的，高深的 ▲搭配：

① in advance 在前头，预先，事先

② in advance of 在„„前面；比„„进步；超过

③ on the advance (物价)在上涨

【考例】It is said that Mi White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.A.improved B.developed C.advanced D.increased [考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。

2.before 的特殊用法

(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。

(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it.三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。

It won't be long before we graduate.不要过多久我们就要毕业了。 3.chance的用法

▲搭配：

① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 ② by chance 偶然，意外地 ③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会

【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.

A.work

B.luck

C.chances

D.services [考查目标] chance的词义。

[答案与解析] C

chance在本句的词义是“机会”。 4.consider v.

(1) 考虑

A) consider + n./ doing

I consider going abroad.

B) consider + 疑问词 + to do

You have to consider what to do next.

(2) 认为

A) consider + n.(+as / to be) + n./ adj.

I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.

They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.

B) consider + n.+ to have done

I consider him to have acted disgracefully.

除了consider„as„表认为外，还有regard„as „，look on„as„，take„as„，think of„as„ 5.cost的用法

▲构词：costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的 ▲搭配：

① cost sb.sth.花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲„„ ② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何 ③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 ④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价

⑤ at the cost of 以„„为代价，用„„换来的；丧失；牺牲

【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.

A.pay

B.spend

C.cost

D.waste [考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。 [答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的 名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。 6.effect n.效果；作用

have an effect on sth.

His words had a great pushing effect on his students.

(1) be of no effect 无效

(2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行

[比较] affect vt.影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.7.experience的用法

▲构词: experienced adj.有经验的，熟练的 ▲搭配: ① by experience 凭经验；从经验中 ② from experience 凭经验；从经验中 ③ gain experience in„获得„„经验

④ be experienced in„某方面有经验

▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。

【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right.Good friendship is just not easily formed.

A.Knowledge B.Teachers C.Experience D.Parents [考查目标] experience的意思。

[答案与解析] C

experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。 8.fear n.& vt.

(1) n.恐惧 (多作不可数名词)

His face was growing pale with fear.忧虑；担心的事(可数)

There is no reason for your fears.

for fear of 由于怕„„，以防

He left an hour earlier for fear of miing his train.

for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

in fear of 害怕；担心

The thief was in fear of the police.

(2) v.恐惧；害怕，接 n./ pron.

Cats fear big dogs.恐惧；害怕，接to do

Don't fear to tell the truth.恐怕；担心，接从句

She feared that she might not find him in his room.▲构词：fearful adj.可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearle adj.不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的 ▲搭配：

① be in fear (of) (为„„而)提心吊胆

② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是

③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生) ④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事) ⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得

⑥ fear (vi.) for...担心／忧虑„„

【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ miing his train.

A.in case of

B.instead of

C.for fear of

D.in search [考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]C

for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是“怕的是„„。担心„„”。 9.fun n.高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事

(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩

I only did it for fun.

(2) make fun of 开„„的玩笑；取笑

It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.

[比较]

(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑

It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑 10.means n.手段；办法

(1) by means of 用„„；依靠„„

The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地

Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.

(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不

This is by no means the first time you have been late.还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.

A.ways

B.offers

C.means

D．helps [考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。

[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。 11.normal adj.正常的；正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior

(1) regular 规则的；有规律的

keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息

(2) common普通的；常见的

Tom is a common name in Britain.共有的；共同的

have a common interest 有着共同爱好

(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的

It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.

(4) ordinary平凡的；普通的

in ordinary dre 12.once的用法 ▲搭配：

① all at once 突然；同时 ② at once 立刻，马上；同时

③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或

④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次；破例一回 ⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次 ⑥ not once 一次也不 ⑦ once again / more再一次

⑧once and again一再，再三

⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔 ⑩ once too often又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time从前

【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.

A.Before

B.Once

C.Until

D.Unle [考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。

[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。 13.prefer v.宁愿；更喜欢

(1) prefer + n./ pron.

The boy preferred a detective story.

(2) prefer + v.-ing

Do you prefer living abroad?

(3) prefer + to do

She prefers to live among the working people.

(4) prefer sb.to do sth.

She preferred him to stay at home.

(5) prefer + n./ pron./ doing + to + n./ pron./ doing 喜欢„„而不喜欢

I prefer the town to the country./ While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.

(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ...than do...宁愿„„而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.

(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.14.protect的用法

▲构词：protection n.保护(者/物)，防御

▲搭配：protect sb from / against 防止„„遭受„„；使„„免于，保护„„使不受 【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the succeful ____.

A.self-satisfaction

B.self-protection

C.self-respect

D.self-service [考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。

[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。 15.separate的用法

▲构词：separation n.[U]分开，分离

▲搭配：

① separate A from B 把A和B分开

② A is separated from B by„ A和B为„„所分开／阻隔 ③ separate sth (up) into„把„„分成(几分) ▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。

separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗? divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。 part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。 【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.

A.separated

B.spared

C.lost

D.mied [考查目标] 动词separate的词义。

[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表 示“被隔开；被分隔”。 [牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate) 1.The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation.(means) 2.All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars.(cost) 3.We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting.(protect) 4.Every baby should be ____ after he is horn.(separated) 5.None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village.(feared) 6.There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____.(advance) ☆词语比较☆

1.wear, put on, have on, dre, be in, try on

(1) wear v.穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today.

* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes./ My patience wore (was worn) out.

(2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)

Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.

(3) dre vt.给„„穿衣服

n.衣服；连衣裙

dre sb.(in sth.) 或 be dreed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dreed her baby and then they went downstairs.

(4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。

At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.

(5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red.

(6) try on 试穿

Mother was trying on a new dre.2.strike, hit, beat

(1) hit vt.①打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence./ The stone hit him on the head.②使„„受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard.

(2) beat vt.&vi.①连续有节奏地打；敲

The rain heat against the window.② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.③ (鸟翼) 扑动

The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.④打败；打赢；取胜

Our champion can beat all runners in the country.

(3) strike vt.&vi.①打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中

He struck me with his fist.

The house was struck by lightning.②发起进攻；袭击

He moved away as the animal struck.③撞；触(礁)

His head struck the table as he fell.④擦(火柴)

I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.⑤ (某种想法) 忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occur to。

A happy thought struck her.⑥给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)

I was struck by her beauty.

⑦罢工

They are striking for higher pay.

⑧ (钟)敲(响) We waited for the clock to strike six.3.complete, finish complete 可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。 complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。

(1) complete 作及物动词，只接 n.或 pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等The railway is not completed yet.(2) finish vi./ vt.指完成，结束一件事情；可接 n.或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book ☆短语归纳☆

1.cut down

(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.

(2) 减少；削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.2.含get的短语

① get back 回来，恢复，送回

② get off下来，动身，起飞③ get up 起床，站起来 ④ get on 上(车) ⑤ get on / along with 与某人相处．某事的进展 ⑥ get together 聚首，碰头⑦ get away from 逃离 ⑧ get on one's feet 站起来⑨ get down 下来 ⑩ get on well with 与„„相处融洽

? get married 结婚

? get to 到达 ? get through 通过，接通

? get down to 开始着手做某事

? get acro (使)通过

? get(a)round 传开，说服

? get in 进入。收获

? get out 出去，逃脱

[例句]How are you getting along with your busine? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music leon.如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight.我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has busine on hand it is hard to get away from home.如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。

【考例】(2004辽宁) The final examination is coming up soon.It's time for us to ____ our studies．

A.get down to B.get out C.get back for D.get over [考查目标] 此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”；get out 意为“离开，摆脱”；get back for 意为“回去拿”；get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。

【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through [考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。 [答案与解析]C

get over 意为“痊愈，克服”；get in 意为“插话”；get along 意为“进展．继续”；gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。 3.get away (from)

(1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.

(2)走开；离开 She didn't get away until nine last night.

(3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.

(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away! 4.get close to

(1) close adj.靠近；接近

The church is close to the shops.亲密；密切

Are you a close friend of theirs?

(2) close adv.靠近；接近

He was standing close to the door.

(3) close v.关上；关闭(不开发)；结束

She closed her eyes./ Her eyes closed.(闭上)

(4 ) closely adv.紧密地；仔细地；密切地

He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.

The little baby was closely looked after by her.[比较]

(1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。

(2) 类似的词组有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) -- widely (广泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词) 5.hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(hand v.)

Each student has to hand in a composition once a week. [比较]

(1) hand down 传下来；传给 Our father handed down these customs to us.

(2) hand on„to„传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.

(3) hand out 发给大家；散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the leon．

6.instead of 代替„„

(1) instead of + n./ pron.

Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.

(2) instead of + doing

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.

(3) instead of + 介词短语

He studies in the evening instead of during the day.

[比较]

(1) instead adv.作为替代 („„而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.

(2) rather than 而不是，与其„„宁愿 He ran rather than walked.

(3) in place of 代替，„„而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.7.含take的短语 ① take a picture 照相，拍照

② take a taxi / bus, etc.打的(坐公交车等) ③ take away 拿走，夺取，使离去 ④ take care of 小心，照料，保管 ⑤ take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞

⑥ take out 拿出，带„„出去

⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置 ⑧ take place 发生，产生 ⑨ take exercise 做运动 ⑩ take a seat 坐下 ? take turns 轮流

? take an active part in 积极参加 ? take a meage 捎口信 ? take on 从事，呈现 ? take the place of 取代，代替 ? take apart 拆开 ? take down 拿下，记下 ? take...for...误认为„„ ? take in 吸收，接纳

? take up 拿起．从事．占据

[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away.父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store.男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat.他替我排好了队，以便我能够回 去弄点儿吃的。 8.used to

(1) used to do sth.过去常常„„(现在已不如此)

We used to grow beautiful roses.注意：否定句和疑问句有两种 You usedn’t to make that mistake.

She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?

You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?

(2) be / get / become used to + n./ doing习惯于

I have always been used to hard work.

He got used to living in the country.

(3) be used to do 被用来做„„

This knife is used to cut bread.表示“过去常常„„”时，used to与would区别：

(1) would 只强调“过去常常„„”，used to 说明现在不是如此。

The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.

(2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.9.watch out 当心；注意

You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.

(1) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心

You must always watch out for the traffic here!

(2) watch over 照看；看守；负责

The mother bird is watching over her young.10.含“动词 + out”短语

① come out 出来，出版，传出 ② go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴 ③ look out 当心，注意

④ take out 拿出，取出，带„„出去 ⑤ rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产 ⑥ try out 尝试，试验

⑦ watch out 小心

⑧ wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨 ⑨ find out 找出，查出

⑩ make out 填写，完成．设法应付 ? get out 出去，逃离，泄露，公布 ? pick out 看出，选出 ? think out 想出

? give out 发出，筋疲力尽 ? set out出发，陈述

[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make le noise.请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard.这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/ Watch out.The train is coming.小心，火车来了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend.朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。

【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can ____ my father.

A.find out

B.pick out

C.look out

D.speak out

[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。 [答案与解析]B pick out意为“挑选，辨别出”；find out意为“找出．发现”；look out意为“留神，注意”： speak out意为“大声说出”。 [牛刀小试2] 请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：

(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to) 1.-- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry.I'm too busy to ____ for the moment.(get away) 2.The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies.(get down)

3.The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time.(takes up) 4.We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task.(took on) 5.He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out) ☆句型归纳☆

1.You shouldn't go rafting unle you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。 该句中的unle引导状语从句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unle he studies hard.unle引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unle引导的从句经常可以省略。

【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.

A.if

B.unle

C.whether

D.that [考查目标]状语从句。

[答案与解析]B 句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作， 这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unle。

2.Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。

该句中的as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.常见的用法: 1.well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as是形容词同级比较结构。

2.as well as是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于"not only „ but also..."。

3.as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。

4.as well as还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了„„之外，还有”；相当于"besides，apart from"。 5.as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。 6.may / might as well do sth 表示“还是„„的好”。

【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.A.as well

B.as well as

C.so well

D.so well as [考查目标] as well as连接比较状语从句。

[答案与解析]B 该句中 if not better than相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构 "John plays football as well as David"。

3.Before she could move，she heard a loud noise.她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。 However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。

该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在„„之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me.他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。

【考例】(2005广东) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.

A.after

B.before

C.when

D.then [考查目标] 时间状语从句的引导词选择。

[答案与解析]B

before 表示“直到„„”。

4.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。

该句中的must have been表示推测。例如：You look so tired.You must have stayed up last night.情态动词may，might，most．can，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示对过去的推测。例如：

You may be a profeor./ She must have met a fairy.【考例】(2005辽宁)This cake is very sweet.You ____ a lot of sugar in it.

A.should put

B.could have put

C.might put

D.must have put [考查目标] 情态动词表示推测。

[答案与解析] D 前文说蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖 放多了。对于过去的动作的推测应使用have done的 结构，所以应在B、D之间做选择，又因为could have done表示本可以做而没有做，所以选择D。

5....she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.„„她听见了很响的声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。

该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science.他买了许多的参考资料．都是有关理科的。

which 作为关系代词．既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time.前往北京的火车按时进站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。

【考例】(2005浙江) Jim paed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.

A.which

B.that

C.this

D.it [考查目标]非限制性定语从句。

[答案与解析]A which引导非限制性定语从句。指代 前面整个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ☆句型诠释☆

现在进行时的用法(is / am / are + doing) 1.表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree.2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行。) We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹、惊讶、厌恶等。(常与always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever 等副词连用)，表反复的动作。He is always think- ing of others.(表赞许) She is always asking the same question.(表厌恶) You are always changing your mind.(表抱怨) 4.表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay 等表移动、方向的动词。He is starting the work in a few minutes./ He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning. [注意]

1.不用进行时的词有:

(1) 系动词: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。 (2) 表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。

(3) 非延续性的动词，此动作开始即是结束：enter, accept, receive等。

(4) 表心理状态，存在状态，拥有的动词：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。

2.用进行时的特殊词有系动词get, turn, grow, become, go, come, fall 等表由一种状态转入另一种状态时，用进行时表示渐近。Today, many rivers that were polluted are getting cleaner and cleaner.当今，许多过去遭污染的河流又变得越来越清澈了。 [比较] 现在进行时表将来的用法与一般将来时的区别： (1) 现在进行时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的 -- How are you getting to the airport? -- By taxi.Bob is coming with me to the airport.(2) will do 和 shall do ①表客观将来。shall用于第一人称，will用于第

一、

二、三人称。I will / shall finish middle school next month.②表有科学根据的预测。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow.③表客观必然。Man will make mistakes.(3) be going to ①表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I'm going to finish my homework tonight.②表根据已有迹象的预测。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain.③ be going to不与come, go连用，而用be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.[注意] 表计划、安排、规定要做的事，用“be + to do”。此外，表示按时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a.m./ Our plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..[牛刀小试3] 1.____ you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the theatre.(2004 吉林) A.Though

B.Whether C.Until

D.Unle 2.Now that you've got a chance, you ____ make full use of it.(NMET 1999) A.had better to

B.might as well C.might as well as

D.would rather 3.It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.(2004 天津) A.that

B.until C.since

D.before 4.There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture, ____? (2004 上海春招) A.didn't they

B.don't they C.mustn't they

D.haven't they 5.The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn't expected.(2000 北京春招) A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what DBDDC ☆交际速成☆

【考点1】Talking about intentions and plans.谈论意愿和打算 (2004江苏)

-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know.____.

A.That's OK

B.Never mind

C.It depends

D.It doesn't matter [答案与解析]C 本题考查具体语境下被询问打算时的应答。A项用于回答感谢和道歉，B、D两项用于回答道歉，C 项表示“看情况而定”。 【归纳】英语中常见表达意愿和打算的用语有： ① I'll go with you.② I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.③ I'd like to make a phone call to her after cla.④ I want / hope to find an English pen friend.⑤ I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.⑥ We are ready to move to a new house.⑦ Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.⑧ I'm thinking of driving to Beijing.⑨ Where would you prefer going...? ⑩ How would you like to go to...? ? When are you going off to...? ? How are you going to...? 【考点2】Expreing good wishes祝愿 (2005广东)

Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend.I'm sure we will win.

Mike: ____! A.Congratulations

B.Cheers

C.Best wishes

D.Good luck [答案与解析]D 考查祝愿用语。在比赛前表示祝愿的话用Good luck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝贺。Cheers意为“干杯”。Best wishes多用于书面语，表示“万事如意”的意思。

【归纳】英语中常见表达祝愿的用语有： ① Have a good day / time! ② Have a good journey / trip! ③ Good luck! ④ Enjoy yourself! ⑤ Best wishes to you! ⑥ Happy New Year! ⑦ Happy birthday! ⑧ Merry Christmas! 应答语有： ① Thank you.② You, too.③ The same to you.【考点3】Describing emotions 描述人物的情感 (2001上海春招) -- I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week.-- ____.

A.Please go ahead

B.That's all right

C.Not at all

D.Take your time [答案与解析]D 本题考查时表示遗憾情感的应答。A项表示“请吧，说吧”，用于回答许可或让对方先行。B、C两项是感谢或道歉的答语，D项表示“别着急，慢慢来”，符合语境。 【归纳】中学英语中描述人物情感的用语有：

① (恐惧) Help! / How terrible! / I'm afraid of.../ I'm afraid to.../ You scared me! / It scares me! ② (高兴) (It's) well done! / How wonderful! / That's great! / I'm pleased to...③ (惊奇) Really! / Oh dear! / Is that so? / What a surprise! / How surprising! ④ (忧虑) What's wrong? / what's the matter? / Anything wrong? / What should we do? ⑤ (安慰)There, there./ Don't be afraid.／Don't worry./ It's (quite) all right./ It'll be OK / all right.⑥ (满意) Good! / Well done! ／ Perfect! / That's fine./ That's better.⑦ (遗憾) I'm so sorry! / It's a great pity! / What a shame! / That's too bad! ⑧ (同情) I'm so sorry! / I'm so sorry (about your illne)./ I'm sorry to hear that.⑨ (愤怒) Damn! / How annoying! ⑩ (鼓励) Well done! / Come on! / Keep trying./ You can do it! [牛刀小试4] 1.-- I'd like to take a week's holiday.-- ____, we're too busy.A.Don't worry

B.Don't mention it C.Forget it

D.Pardon me 2.-- I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.-- ____, but don't give it up.A.Find out the reason

B.Never mind C.I'm sorry to hear that

D.You don't 'mean that 3.-- I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. -- Oh no! ____.A.I was looking forward to that B.It doesn't matter C.I knew it already D.It's not at all interesting 4.-- We are going to travel to Italy. -- ____.A.Good bye

B.Go ahead C.I like to go, too

D.Have a good time 5.-- I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind.-- ____.A.Thank you very much B.Yes, I like so C.No, it's nothing

D.Of course, anything you want

CCADD ☆精典题例☆

1.Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.(NMET 2002春上海)

A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 【解析】选C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。

2.Twenty-three hours has paed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the miing ____ carried out.

A.are still being

B.have already been

C.are always

D.will soon be 【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。” 3.-- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45.A.takes off

B.took off

C.is about to take off

D.will take off 【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。 4.-- Excuse me, what time is it now?

-- Sorry, my watch ____.It ____ at the shop.

A.isn't working; is being repaired

B.doesn't work; is being repaired

C.isn't working; is repaired

D.doesn't work; is repaired 【解析】选B doesn't work说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用is being repaired。

5.John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble.A.to be; to help

B.to be; helping C.being; to help

D.being; helping

【解析】选B be considered to be “被认为是„„”；consider doing “考虑做某事”。 6.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.A.until

B.when

C.before

D.as 【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及 时纠正错误”。

7.-- There is something wrong with my bike.

-- It doesn't matter.I ____ lend you mine.

A.am to B.am going to C.was going to

D.will 【解析】选D be to表示按计划安排将来的动作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.8.Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television.A.used to read; enjoying

B.used to read; enjoyed C.were used to reading; enjoy D.were used to read; enjoying 【解析】选B 前后时态要保持一致。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6 ☆重点句型☆

1.While still a student, she played roles in many plays.连词 + 名词做时间状语

2.When asked about the secret of his succe, Steven Spielberg said„连词+过去分词做时间状语

3.When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glaes.

连词 + 现在分词做时间状语 4.It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served.

It 做形式主语 5.Many people like this film not just because..., but also because...并列连词

6.Having good table manners means knowing... 动名词做主宾语 ☆重点词汇☆ 1.comment v.评论 2.marry v.结婚 3.create v.创造 4.attack v.进攻 5.cruelty n.残酷 6.escape v.逃跑

7.advice n.忠告；建议

8.afford v.花得起(钱、时间) 9.encourage v.鼓励 10.research n.研究 11.interrupt v.打断；打扰 12.apologize v.道歉 13.pray v.请求；祈祷 14.forgive v.原谅；宽恕 15.match v.相配；相适应 16.manners n.礼貌 17.impreion n.印象

18.live adj.& adv.活的；直播的(地) 19.custom n.习惯；风俗 20.introduce vt.介绍；引进 ☆重点短语☆

1.take off 脱掉；起飞；成功 2.go wrong 出错；出问题

3.can't help doing 情不自禁做某事 4.take one's place 代替某人 5.run after 追逐；追踪

6.win a prize 获奖

7.think highly of 赞扬„„；对„„高度评价

8.call for 需要；索取 9.in all 总共

10.play a role 扮演角色(作用) 11.make money 挣钱 12.win over 争取过来 13.work on 从事，致力于

14.owe succe to 把成功归功于某人 15.start with 以„„开始 16.run away from school逃学 17.on the air 正在播出的 18.do research 进行调查 19.speed up 加速

20.follow the fashion 追随时尚

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才 能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? l.____ screen 银幕，电影(业) 2.take ____ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞 3.____ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病 4.owe sth ____ sb 把„„归功于某人 5.____ all 总共；总之 6.stay ____ 不在家，外出 7.____ school 小学

8.lock sb ____ 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来 9.run ____ 追赶

10.bring sb ____ 送回某人 11.____ the air正在播出的

12.think highly ____ 对„„高度评价 13.leave ____ 省去；遗漏；不考虑 14.stare ____ 盯着

15.make ____ about sb 以某人为笑柄

16.drink (a toast) ____ 为„„祝酒；为„„干杯 17.win ____ 战胜

18.____ comments on对„„加以评论

19.look sb ____ 看望，拜访某人

20.____ a role in 在„„中扮演角色；在„„方面起作用 21.____ a prize获奖

22.to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉

23.make a good impreion ____ 给„„留下好印象 24.____ silent 保持沉默 25.pay a visit ____ 拜访 ☆交际用语☆

1.What do you think has happened? 2.What do you know about…?

3.How do you like…? / What do you think of…? / What db you feel...? 4.May I interrupt you for a moment? 5.Excuse me / Forgive me for.../ I apologize for… 6.I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry.It's all my fault.7.That's all right./ That's OK./ No problem.8.I wish you all the best.9.I'm sorry.I didn't mean to...10.Let's drink (a toast) to...! ☆单词聚焦☆ 1.afford

(1) (和can，could，be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do

We can't afford to pay such a price.afford + n./ pron.(出得起；买得起等)

They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.

(2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)

He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.2.apologize的用法

▲构词：apology n.辩解，道歉 ▲搭配：

① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉

② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护

【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the paengers for the delay caused by bad weather.

A.made

B.said

C.put

D.paed [考查目标] apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。 [答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。 3.choice的用法 ▲搭配：

① make a choice 选择

② make choice of 挑选，选择，选定 ③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选

④ have no choice but to do sth 非„„不可，除„„之外别无他法

【考例】[MET 1993] We've mied the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.

A.way

B.choice C.poibility

D.selection [考查目标] choice的意思和习惯搭配。

[答案与解析]B choice是choose的名词形式．意思是 “选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to do sth“不得不干„„”。 4.determine的用法

▲构词：determination n.决心，决断，决意；决定，确定 ▲搭配：

① determine to do sth 决定做某事 ② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定 ③ a man of determination 有决断力的人

▲辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而

determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。 在be determined to do„这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。 decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，„起初，她决定去找警察„„

▲友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断

定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context.脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。

注：在determine to do...，determine on (upon)...和determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine.他决定学医。

注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作? 【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work.For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.

A.check

B.determine

C.correct

D.recover [考查目标]determine的用法。

[答案与解析]B determine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。 5.encourage的用法 ▲构词：

① encouraging adj.鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的 ② encouraged adj.被激励的，受到鼓舞的 ③ encouragement n.鼓励，激励 ④ discourage v.使泄气；劝阻

▲搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事② be encouraged by 受„„鼓励／鼓舞 【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.A.for me taking

B.me taking

C.for me to take

D.me to take [考查目标] encourage的用法。

[答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。

6.escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping

(1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from

The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.

(2)逃脱；逃避 + n./ doing

He narrowly escaped death / being killed.

There's no way to escape doing the work.

escape还可表示： ①（液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe.水从排水管中迅速流出。

②避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him.怎么也避不开他。 ③疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention.什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention.你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。 escape n

①逃走The thief made his escape.小偷逃走了。

②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷She reads love stories as an escape.她读爱情小说解闷。 7.hunt的用法

▲构词：hunter n.猎人，搜寻者 ▲搭配：

① hunt for / after追猎；寻找，搜寻 ② hunt out 找出；调查出

【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.

A.hunting for

B.waiting for

C.shooting for

D.aiming for [考查目标]本题考查hunt for的意思。

[答案与解析]A hunt for原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。

8.impreion n.印象

(1) impreion (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impreion on his audience.

(2) impreion (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法That's my first impreion of the new college.

(3) impre sb.with sth.给予某人深刻印象 = impre sth.on sb.使某人铭记 The teacher impreed on his students the importance of speaking.= The teacher impre- ed his students with the importance of speaking.9.interrupt的用法vt, vi ①阻断；中断 Don't interrupt me.别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

②打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt.打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。“Don't interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。 ▲构词：

① interrupter n.打岔者，打断者

② interruption n.打岔．打断，使中断的事物

【考例】[2005山西模拟] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.

A.stop

B.introduce

C.prevent

D.interrupt [考查目标] interrupt的词义。

[答案与解析]D interrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”． 后接指人或指物的各种名词。

10.marry

(1) vi.结婚

He didn't marry until he was fifty.

(2) vt.和„„结婚

Jean is going to marry Hubert.

(3) vt.(父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a busineman.

(4) vt.(教士等) 为„„主持结婚仪式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.

[比较]

(1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作

His oldest girl got married last month.

(2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态

How long have you been married? 11.moment的用法 n.①片刻；瞬间 He will be here in a moment.他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。

②时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him.你选个合适的时机去拜访他。 ③重要性 a matter of great moment 一件极重要的事情

▲搭配：

① at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上 ② at the last moment 在最后关头 ③ at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时 ④ every moment 时时刻刻

⑤ for a moment 片刻

⑥ in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上

⑦ the moment(that)...一„„就„„

【考例】[NMET 2004 II] "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh."But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason."

A.events B.chances

C.feelings

D.moments [考查目标] moment的词义。 [答案与解析] D moment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。 12.owe的用法owed, owing ▲搭配：

①（常与for连用）欠，欠债I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb.sth) The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1.食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。 ☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为„欠某人„

②对„负有义务；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot.我们十分感激父母。

③（常与to连用）归功于；由于She owes her succe to good luck.她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his succe to his teacher's encouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。

【考例】[2004湖北] "How much do I ____ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.

A.Owe

B.lend

C.give

D.offer [考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]A owe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。 13.reason n.原因；理由

(1) + to do sth.You haven't any reason to leave me.

(2) + for sth./ doing People must have a reason for saying such things.(3) + 从句；从句用why / for which引导 That is the reason why you should leave.(4) for + reason，为了某种原因He is retiring for reasons of health.[比较] cause“原因；起因”

the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因) the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由) 14.role

(1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.

(2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用

What is your role on the Committee? (3) play a...role in...= play a...part in在„„中扮演„„角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.15.serve v.

(1) 为„„服务／工作 A slave serves his master.

(2) 接待(顾客) The shop aistant is serving a customer.

(3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now.

(4) serve as 充任(某职务)作„„用 She served as a model for several painters./ This box will serve as / for a seat.16.speed的用法 ▲搭配：

① at a high speed 以很大的速度

② at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地； ③ with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力 ④ speed up 加速，快点

【考例】We had tried our best but the bo still shouted, " ____!"

A.Speed up

B.No hurry

C.Wait a minute

D.Slow down [考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。

[答案与解析]A speed up意思是“加速，快点”的意思。 17.stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视

He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。

[习惯用语] stare one in the face近在眼前；摆在眼前

▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。

gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”

stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。 glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors.被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。

【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A.Mind

B.Glance at

C.Stare at

D.Watch [考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。 [答案与解析]D watch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stare at却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。

18.trouble

(1) 麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事 (可数，不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble./ Life is full of troubles.

(2) 困难；费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth./ have trouble (in) doing sth.(= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.

[相关短语]

(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.

(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble.

(3) put sb.to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.

(4) take trouble to do sth.费心做某事；费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize) 1.will never forget the ____ given by Mr.Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.2.I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.3.I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner. 4.Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.5.We must ____ our succe to our parents and teachers.6.The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.☆词语比较☆

1.win, beat, defeat 表示获胜、取胜的词语

(1) win v.赢„„，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race./ Our team won the game 8 to 7./ He won by five points./ He won her love at last./ He won the first place in the competition.

(2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) I can easily beat him at golf.

(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手The enemy was defeated in the battle.2.in the end, finally, at last 三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是：

finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而 at last 与 in the end 的位置则较为灵活；

三者中at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian./ At last he knew the meaning of life./ At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.3.by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea

(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同 by ship 同义。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.

(2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.

(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.

(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.

(5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.4.be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。

-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not.恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.

(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone./ He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.

(3) be afraid of (doing) sth.常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.5.live, living, alive, lively

(1) live adj.①活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.②实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show.It was live.③带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.

(2) living adj.活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England./ The old man is still living.(或alive)

(3) alive adj.①活着的；②有活力的；有生气 作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive? 作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.

(4) lively adj.活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.6.take off, take down, take in, take on, take up

(1) take off ① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.

②脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes./ Who took the knob off the door? ③休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off./ His busine began to take off when he was in his forties.

(2) take down ①拿下来；取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.②记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.(3) take in ①接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.②理解；领会；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.④使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.

(4) take on ①接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.②雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more ais- tant? ③具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.

(5) take up ①从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.②开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast./ He dropped medicine and took up physics.③占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning./ The table takes up too much room.④接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.7.call for, call on, call up

(1) call for ①来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.②要求；需要Succe in school calls for much hard work.

(2) call on ① call on / upon sb.拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.② call on / upon sb.to do sth.请／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.③号召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.

(3) call up

①给„„打电话 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.②征召入役；调用 (后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week.8.too much, much too

(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。 There is too much rain here in spring./ She talked too much at the meeting.

(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。This book is much too difficult for me./ The old man walks much too slowly.9.custom, habit

(1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs./ It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.

(2) habit 指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成„„习惯”常

用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth.句型；“戒掉„„习惯”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth.句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up./ The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.10.arise, rise, raise raise vt.“使„„上升；升起；提高”等；

rise vi.“上升；升起”； arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger.(抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.(刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother.(=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light.(起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(出现) ☆短语归纳☆

1.can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事

She couldn't hep smiling.

[比较]

(1) can't help but do 不得不„„；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.

(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.[归纳] (1) help (sb.) (to) do sth.Help me get him back to bed at once./ By helping them we are helping save ourselves.(2) help...with sth.帮助„„做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.

(3) help oneself / sb.to sth.给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟 等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?

(4) help...in sth.在„„方面帮助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.

(5) help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.2.含go的短语

① go around 到处走／跑．(疾病)流传，(谣言)传开；go after 追求；go ahead 说吧，请吧，做吧；go away 离开，出去

② go back 走网头路，翻悔改变；go bad 变坏；go boating 去划船 ③ go fishing 去钓鱼；go for a walk去散步 ④ go hiking 去徒步旅行；go home 回家 ⑤ go in for 喜爱，从事于；go into 进入，加入 ⑥ go mad 发疯

⑦ go off 离去，去世；go on 继续，进展，依据；go on doing 继续做；go out 出去，发出去，熄灭，不时兴；go over 研究，检查，搜查

⑧ go shopping 去商店；go skating 去滑冰；go straight along 沿着；go swimming 去游泳 ⑨ go through 通过，经受，仔细检查；go to bed 上床 ⑩ go up 上升 ? go wrong 走错路，误入歧途

[例句] We'll go through the items one by one.我们要逐条研究。She has gone back to her old habits.她又回到了已往的习惯。Come on Sunday by yourself - we can go over the house together.星期天你要过来．我们一起检查一下房子。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.他的演讲持续很长时间，结果人们开始想睡。That expreion has gone out.Nobody Uses it today.那个短语已经过时了，现在没有人在用它。The young fellow hasn't realized that he has gone wrong.这个年轻人还没有意识到他已经误入歧途。Tired of going shopping with his wife，Mr.Liu pretended to have something important to do.厌烦与妻子一起去购物，刘先生假装有重要的事情要做。

【考例2】(2004北京) I don't ____ rock' n' roll.It's much too noisy for my taste.

A.go after

B.go away with

C.go into

D.go in for [考查目标] 此题主要考查四个动词短语的意思。

[答案与解析]D

go after 追求；go away with 带走；go into进入，加入；go in for 喜爱，爱好。根据句子意思“摇滚音乐太嘈杂。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜欢”。

【考例】(NMET 1998) Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ____.

A.be put up

B.give in

C.be turned on

D.go out [考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。 [答案与解析] D

put up 挂起；give in 屈服；turn on 打开；go out 熄灭。本句话意思是“没有人注意到贼溜进了屋子，因为灯碰巧熄灭了”。 3.go wrong

(1) 走错路；弄错方向

(2) 失败；不顺利All our plans went wrong./ Everything went wrong in those days.(3)发生故障

The clock went wrong.

[比较]表示“变为”的系动词

(1) go 表示由积极向消极方面变化Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.又如：go mad / pale / blind / hungry

(2) become / get 表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方

面变化 The weather is getting quite warm./ Gradually he became silent.

(3) turn 多接表颜色的词 This ink turns black when it dries./ He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.注意：become a writer

(4) grow 侧重变化过程 The sea is growing calm.

(5) fall 进入某种状态

All three children fell asleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；归功于„„ (1) 欠(钱)owe sb.money = owe money to sb.I owe ￡50 to my tailor.= I owe my tailor ￡50.(2) 得过(某人的)好处；欠(某人的)人情债

We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.(3) 应当给予 You owe me an apology.(4) „„应归功于；„„都亏得

We owe the general theory of relativity to Einstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的词组：owing to / because of / thanks to / due to / as a result of 5.take one's place (1) 入座，站好位置，取得地位Take your places, please.We are about to start.(2) take one's place = take the place of sb.代替(职务或工作等)；接替Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.

[比较] (1) in place (of)代替；„„而不用The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.(2) take one's seat 在自己座位上坐下；有时等于 take one's place：More men entered and took their seats.6.think highly of 赞扬 表赞赏的词有：

(1) think / speak highly / well / much...of: The people think very highly of him.表认为不好的词有：

(2) think little / badly / poorly / nothing...of: Joan thought little of walking two miles to school.7.含“动词 + away”的短语 ① do away with 去掉

② get away 逃脱，(使)离开 ③ go away 离去，出去

④ put away 放好，把„„收拾起来，存(钱)以备它日之用 ⑤ run away 逃走，离开

⑥ smooth away 去除，克服

⑦ stay away (from) 不在家，外出

⑧ take away 拿走，带走，夺去，使离去 ⑨ throw away 扔掉．浪费．坐失(良机) [例句]Don't throw away such a good chance.Or you'll regret.不要放弃这么好的机会，不然的话，你会后悔

的。Put away the tools before you leave.离开前把工具收拾好。Why did you stay away from school? 你为什么不去上学? I had hoped to take a good holiday this year but I wasn't able to get away.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我离不开。 【考例】(2004重庆)Before the war broke out, many people ____ in safe places poeions they could not take with them．

A.threw away

B.put away

C.gave away

D.carried away [考查目标]此题主要考查“动词+away”四个短语的意思。 [答案与解析]B throw away 扔掉；put way 放好，把 „„收拾起来；give away 分发．泄露；carry away 冲 走。本句话意思是“在战争爆发以前，许多人把他们不 能带走的财产藏在了安全的地方”。 8.含“动词 + off”的短语

① drop off 放下，下车 ② fall off (从„„)掉下来

③ get off (从„„)下来，动身，起飞，脱下来 ④ give off 发出，放出

⑤ jump off 跳离

⑥ put off 推迟，延期

⑦ set off 出发，引起，启程

⑧ see sb off 为某人送行，为„„送行 ⑨ switch off 关掉

⑩ take off 脱，去掉，起飞，匆匆离开，成名 ? throw off 匆忙脱掉

? turn off 关掉，避开，拐弯

[例句]The electricity supply must be turned off at the mains before you change the lighting circuit.在改变火线前，主干线的电力供应必须切断。 Mrs Garey as usual went to the door to see him off.Garey夫人像通常一样把他送到门口。He had to put off an appointment with me on account of illne.因为疾病的缘故，他不得不推迟了与我的约会。Before the body of the car can be properly repaired, all the external fittings must be taken off.车身适当修理前，所有外部的配件必须拿下来。The fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat.这炉火好像不大热。 【考例】(2005广东) John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ____ him ____ at the airport.

A.send...away

B.leave...off

C.see...off

D.show...around [考查目标]此题主要考查短语see off的用法。

[答案与解析]C

see off 意为“给某人送行”；send away意为“派遣”；leave off意为“停止，不再穿”；show around意为“带领某人参观”。 [牛刀小试2] 在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词。

1.My grandmother had put ____ over$50,000 when she was sixty—five years old.2.His mother had thought it would be good for his charac- ter to get ____ home and earn some money on his own.3.The market was filled ____ salted fish, giving the worst smell that you can imagine.4.-- What do you think the contest? -- I was told that the English Speech Contest went ____ succefully last night.5.If you had gone ____ your test paper carefully before handing it in you would have made fewer mistakes.☆句型诠释☆

1.The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。

该句巾的why引导一个定语从句，而that引导表语从句。

1.句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容，往往被看作是固定句型：The reason is / was that clause.当主语是reason / cause时，一般不能用because或why引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。当主语是This / That时，可以由because / why引导表语从句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.【考例】(NMET 1999) -- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?

A.why B.when C.what D.where [考查目标] 表语从句。 [答案与解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为why。 2.why在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语，此时why = for which，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which。

【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelene in his work?

A.he explained

B.what he explained

C.how he explained

D.why he explained [考查目标]定语从句。

[答案与解析]A what，how不能引导定语从句，排除B、C两项；the reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。

2.Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.好多看过这个片子的人一想起片中鲨鱼食人的场面．就不敢下海游泳了。

该句是一个复杂长句，从when到句子末尾是状语从句，在从句中包含一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before cla is over.定语从句关系词的选择，要遵循“瞻前顾后”的原则，所谓“瞻前”即看前面的先行词指人还是指物；“顾后”即后面的定语从句，看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。例如：This is the factory where he works.(状语) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited.(宾语) 【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A.that

B.who

C.from whom

D.to whom [考查目标]定语从句。

[答案与解析]D “turn to sb for help”为固定短语，意思是“向某人求助”，所以选to whom。 3.When asked about the secret of his succe, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his succe and happine to his wife and children.当有人问起他成功的秘诀时。史蒂文?斯皮尔伯格说起他的成功和幸福主要来自于妻子和孩子。

该句中的 "when" 是时间状语从句的省略形式。在状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，而且从句谓语动词是be或包含be时，常常将从句主语与be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.

【考例】 (2003上海春招) Unle ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited

B.inviting

C.being invited

D.having invited [考查目标]状语从句的省略现象。

[答案与解析]A unle为连词，后面省略了you are，所以选invited。

4.Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.在餐桌上，懂礼节意味着你知道如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒以及如何在用餐时举止得体。

该句中having good manners为v-ing形式作主语。例如：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.▲友情提示：在v -ing 形式前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，构成v -ing复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语。

【考例5】(2001上海)Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.

A.he'd like to collect coins as well

B.he feels like collecting coins, too

C.to collect coins is also his hobby

D.collecting coins gives him great pleasure [考查目标]v -ing 作主语。

[答案与解析]D

A、B、C三项句法都无错误，但在and连接的并列句中，两个简单句的主语要保持一致的形式 fishing and collecting coins分别做两个简单句的主语。

5.It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need.餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌，所以不要多拿。

该句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为to finish eating „例如：It's not right to tell lies.撒谎是不对的。

it作为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有： 1.It + be + adj.+ to do sth 2.It + be + n.+ to do sth 3.It + be + PP.to do sth 【考例】(2001上海) In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

A.this

B.that

C.there

D.it [考查目标] 形式主语。

[答案与解析]D 只有it才可以作形式主语。 【句型归纳】

1.When / While / Though / Unle / If + n./ adj./ 现在分词／过去分词„„ 状语从句有些成分有时可省略，一般是主语和be省略；有时it和be可以省略： He made no answer when (he is) spoken to./Though (he was) born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York./ Come back early if (it is) poible.[注意]用法详见Chapter 10语法活用“省略和插入语”。 2.Not only / just„but (also) 连接相同的句子成分

Not only the teacher but all the students are going to visit the Science Museum.(连接主语时根据就近原则) / They not only sang but (also) danced for a whole night./ Many people go to see this film not just because the film is interesting, but also the leading actors and actrees are all world famous./ Not only do we learn for our country, but we'll work for her in the future.(连接句子时，not only后的句子要部分倒装) [牛刀小试3] 1.The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice.A.that; because

B.why; because C.why; that

D.for that; that 2.The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great succe.(2004 全国卷I) A.for which

B.at which C.in which

D.on which 3.When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002 上海春招) A.completed

B.completing

C.being completed

D.to be completed 4.____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(2003 上海) A.The president will attend

推荐第3篇：高一英语必修一unit5知识点总结

2015年高一英语必修一unit5知识点总结

发布时间:2015-01-31

在高中英语学习的过程中，所学的东西非常多且零散，同学们要学好所学的知识，必须要对所学的知识进行知识点的总结，下面是小编为帮助大家节省高一英语学习总结的时间，特意整理的2015年高一英语必修一unit5知识点总结。

1.A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。

(He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。)

2.fight against 对抗，反对，与……作斗争

We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.

People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。

He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children.他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。

3.He worked selflely in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers.作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战士。

4.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。

5.be free from 免于，不受

A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。

6.in a peaceful way 以和平的方式

7.be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑 in the prison 在监狱

8.the same…as…和……一样

9.the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人

10.The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。(定语从句)

11.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。(He is generous with his money.他花钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮助。Our grateful thanks are due to you.我们衷心感谢你。)

12.have little education 受的教育少

13.I could not read or write well.我既不会读也不会写。

14.I worried about whether I would become out of work.我担心我是不是会失业。

15.I became more hopeful about my future.我对自己的未来充满了希望。(I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow.我对她明天要来抱着希望。)

16.as soon as I could 尽快， 马上

17.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progre, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(定语从句) 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 (The 19th century saw many changes.许多变革发生于19世纪。at an early stage in our history在我们的历史早期)

18.…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were le important, or fight the government.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。

19.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。(Only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序;修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。

如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。

② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。

③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。

Only then did I realize my mistake.直到那时我才知道我的错误.)

20.as a matter of fact 事实上 (As a matter of fact，it is health that counts.事实上，健康才是最重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble.事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻烦。)

21.In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.

在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。(Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗?

Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day.然后，事实上有些恒星，就像我们自己的太阳，有朝一日会爆炸。)

22.…I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.……我知道这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

23.in trouble 处于困境 遇到麻烦

Do as you\'re told, otherwise you\'ll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做, 否则有麻烦.

24.be willing to do sth.愿意，乐于Only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他们的见解。

25.What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度?

26.turn to 变成;求助于，借助于, 翻到，转向

She had no one to turn to for advice.她没有一个可以商量的人。

Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向谁求助呢? As they were out of work, Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求帮助。

27.… the quality of life for black people got worse.…… 黑人的生活质量更糟糕。

28….many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 很多人认为我是为人权而战的第一批积极的黑人战士之一。

29.lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心

Difficulties were increasing.Even then we did not lose heart.尽管困难在增加，但我们毫不灰心。

You will succeed sooner or later while you don\'t lose heart.只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。

If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going.如果你失败了，你也不该灰心。

30.escape from 逃脱，逃离，从……逃出

He listens to music as an escape from the preures of work.

他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力.

He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention.他呆在幕后为了避开公众的注意。

The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从火灾中死里逃生。

31.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。

should have done 本应做而未做

needn’t have done 本不应做而做了

can’t have done 过去不可能做过

32.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。

33.…but they did pa their exams.但是他们确实通过了考试。

34.That made me feel good about myself.这让我觉得自己还不错。

35.be better educated 受到良好教育

36.I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994.在非国大于1994年执政之前，我有20年没有工作。(After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people.曼德勒掌权成为总统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。)

37.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.

我回忆起那时的所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。

After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog.自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。

38.be proud to do sth.

I\'ll be proud to be part of it

我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。

be proud of sth

You should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为自己所取得的成绩而自豪。

39.set up创立，建立，为…作准备;竖立，架起，建造;开业，开始经商

The company was set up ten years ago.

公司是十年前建立的。

He plans to set up his own busine.

他决定自己做生意。

He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up.他恳求我让他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。

40.be sentenced to … 被判处……

He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。

Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。

41.Do you have any thoughts on that? 你认为那怎么样?

42.to my understanding

按我的理解

43.He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home.他年轻时身体不好，所有只得在家接受教育。

44.be accepted by … 被……录取、接受

45.give free medical care to people there

给那儿的人免费医疗

As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知，在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。

46.He died from blood poisoning.

他死于败血症。

47.At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时中日战争正在进行之中。

48.Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article.毛泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。

49.point of view 观察点;观点

It depends on your point of view.这将因个人观点而异。

50.compete with… 与……竞争

If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself.如果你想同别人竞争，先同自己竞争。

51.advise v.

常用搭配

advise + n./pron.

advise + doing

advise sb.to do sth.

advise + that从句(从句的谓语用“should + v原”， should 常省略)

注：1)与advise用法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补(主补)时，宾补(主补)要用不定式。

如：We forbid smoking here.(宾语，用动名词) We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补，用动词不定式) You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补，用动词不定式)

2)区别：advise(劝说)/persuade(劝服)

EX: 1)我劝过他，但未能劝服他。_______________________________

2) We trust you: only you can _____________ him to give up smoking.A.suggest B.attract C.advise D.persuade Keys: 1)I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him.2) D

2015年高一英语必修一unit4知识点总结

发布时间:2015-01-31

1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。

“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有：

There happen to be 碰巧有 There seems/appears to be 好像有

There is likely to be 可能有 There may/might be 也许有

There must be 一定有 There can’t be 不可能有

There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有

There used to be 曾经有 There is sure/certain to be 一定有

2.happen to.It (so) happened that…

Did you hear what happened to David last night?

你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?

What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up?

如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?

I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.

昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。

It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.

昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。

I happened to be out when he called.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。

(= It happened that I was out when he called.)

I happened on just the thing I had been looking for.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。

3.right away毫不迟疑，立刻

He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.他病了, 你应该立即请大夫来。

4.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。

5.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.

农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。

6.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.

但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。

7.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。

从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎”

① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像…

② Sb./Sth.looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)

③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look)

There appears to have been a mistake.=It appears that there has been a mistake.

④ It seems so.=So it seems.看来似乎是这样。

8.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.

在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。

9.Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake.

三人之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。

10.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。

10.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.

有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。

11.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表示全部肯定;但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。如：

① Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。

② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.

这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。

③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都长的高。

12.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。

13.under the weight of在……重压下，迫于

14.in the open air 在户外，在野外，露天 in the air 在空中，悬而未决

15.take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事 in turn 依次地，轮流地

It is your turn now.现在轮到你了。

No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn.任何人都不准不按次序买票。

16.be shocked at对……感到震惊

17.be proud of以……为自豪

18.Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28

19.expre one’s thanks to sb /for sth…对/因……表示感谢

20.without warning 毫无预兆

21.next to紧接着，相邻，次于

22.get away from…避免，摆脱，离开

23.disarster-hit areas灾区

24.raise money 募捐，筹款

25.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody.

听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。

26.It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of plates.

人们认为地球表面是一些板块。

27.hold up举起;托住;支撑;使停滞;耽搁;提出;阻挡;列举，推举;(理论等)经得住

Women can hold up half of the sky.妇女能顶半边天。

28.make up弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,拼凑

Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.

农民只占人口的一小部分.

The boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。

29.The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.裁判把奖金颁给赢得比赛的自行车选手，并向他祝贺。

30.The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。

31.The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the question.记者意识到女孩很害怕，而且尽力地回避问题。

32.The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here.

大火摧毁了离这儿四个街区的两个商店。

33.I can’t expre how I am feeling at the moment.我无法表达我现在的感觉。

34.It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks.据说但是真实的，在地震中人们死于倒落的家具和砖块。

35.be fixed to…被固定到……

36.be tied to … 被绑在……

2015年高一英语必修一unit3知识点总结

发布时间:2015-01-31

在高中英语学习的过程中，所学的东西非常多且零散，同学们要学好所学的知识，必须要对所学的知识进行知识点的总结，下面是小编为帮助大家节省高一英语学习总结的时间，特意整理的2015年高一英语必修一unit3知识点总结。

1.prefer

prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说

Which of these two drees do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套?

I prerer to go to America for my fruther study.我更愿意选择去美国进修学习。

Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting.安妮更愿意我代替她去参加会议。

1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣

2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是如何利用它的

3.flow through 流过，流经

4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。 连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since 后不用从句或词语。

It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从……至今已经多久了。

since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直

5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.

即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。

6.grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大

7.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.

大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。

8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.

首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。

强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：

强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who;如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。

含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:

① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?

② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分?

9.schedual for the trip 旅行计划

10.be fond of 喜欢，喜爱

Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 (注意1：Although conj.“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：

① although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。

② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。

③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2：insist 在这里的意思是“坚持要求”后面的that从句用虚拟语气;如果insist 意为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth.一定要、坚持主张，如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。)

11.care about details 考虑细节

The only thing he cares about is money.他唯一在乎的就是金钱。

care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I don’t really care for red wine.我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。

Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，谁来照顾你的孩子?

12.give me a determined look给了我一个坚定的眼神

13.change one’s mind 改变主意

14.…she seemed to be excited about it.似乎显得兴奋

15.an interesting experience一次有趣的经历

16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)……就……”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。

如：Once you have begin you must continue.Once printed，the book will be very popular。

17.It becomes rapids as it paes through deep valleys, travelling acro western Yunnan Province.它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。

18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。

19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.

他太固执，没有一人能劝动他做事。

20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.

不论工作多难，一个坚决的人总是努力地去完成它。

21.My grandpa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river.

我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。

22.I prefer the red dre to the green one because it fits me better.

我喜欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，因为红色的更合我的身。

23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.

音乐会顺利地进行，因为李佩组织地相当好。

24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted.Finally I gave in.

我想付火车票费用，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。

25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.

她说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。

26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.

由于双方都不让步，那天没有形成决议。

27.The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expreion let me know that she would not give up.虽然工作很难，但海伦的坚定神情使我知道她不会放弃。

28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close.

我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行，近距离地看看星星啊。

29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.

第一次看Steven Spieberg执导的电影“ET”时，他就下定决心也要当一名导演。

30.a large parcel of 一大包

31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要投保给一切问题保险。

32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.

我们的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。

33.Along the way children dreed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.

一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。

34.However, the lakes shone like gla in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。

35.as usual 像往常一样

36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。

37.We saw many sheep eating green gra.我们看到羊群在吃草。

38.make camp宿营

39.put up our tent 搭帐篷

40.stay awake 睡不着，醒着

41.at midnight 在半夜

42.for company 做伴

43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下

44.We can hardly wait to see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。

45.Good luck on your journey.祝你旅途愉快

46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey?

当你出游的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢?

47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛看世界

48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向

49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。

If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently.

如果你为自己定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。

50.be similar to 类似于

51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承担

52.be tired from因……而疲劳 be tired of 对……厌倦

53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈

54.come true 实现，成真

55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it.

要他们就如何改进提一些建议。

56.a guide to… ……的指南

57.on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中

58.in detail 详细地

2015年高一英语必修一unit1知识点总结(人教版)

发布时间:2015-01-29

关于高一英语必修一知识点总结，英语学习的过程中，所学的东西非常多且零散，同学们要学好所学的知识，必须要对所学的知识进行知识点的总结，为帮助大家节省高一英语必修一知识点总结的时间。

Survey n.纵览,视察,测量v.审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查

1.We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside.我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。

2.A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about.扫视街道, 空无一人。

Add v.增加

1.He added some wood to increase the fire.他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。

2.If you add 4 to 5, you get 9.四加五等于九。

3.Add up all the money I owe you.把我应付你的钱都加在一起。

Upset a.烦乱的,不高兴 v.颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服

1.I\'m always upset when I don\'t get any mail.我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。

2.He has an upset stomach.他胃不舒服。 3.The news quite upset him.这消息使他心烦意乱。

Ignore v.不顾,不理,忽视

1.I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我!

2.I can\'t ignore his rudene any longer.他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。

Calm n.平稳,风平浪静 a.平静的,冷静的 v.平静下来,镇静

1.It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene.那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。

2.You should keep calm even in face of danger.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。

3.Have a brandy it\'ll help to calm you (down).来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。

calm down vt.平静下来(镇定下来)

1.His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace.乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。

2.I told myself to calm down.我告诫自己要冷静下来。

have got to conj.不得不(必须)

1.You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence.你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。

2.I couldn\'t have got to the meeting on time -- unle I had caught an earlier train

我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。

Concern n.关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑 v.涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心

1.How much money I earn is none of your concern.我挣多少钱与你无关。

2.These problems concern all of us.这些问题影响到我们每一个人。

3.This restaurant is a family concern.这家饭店是由一家人经营的。

be concerned about vt.关心(挂念)

1.It is reauring to be enquired after when you\'re ill.It shows your friends haven\'t stopped being concerned about you.

如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。

2.The government\'s claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy.

政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。

Cheat n.骗子,欺骗行为 v.欺骗,作弊

1.His father was cheated of his land.他的父亲被人骗走了地产。

2.He never cheats to pa examination.他考试从不作弊。

3.He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance.他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了.

Reason n.理由,原因,理智,理性 v.说服,推论,下判断

1.She can reason very clearly.她能很清晰地思考。

2.Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun.哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。

3.We have reason to believe that he was murdered.我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。

list n.目录,名单,明细表 v.列出,列于表上,记入名单内

1.He wrote down his name on the list.他将他的名字写在清单上。

2.He listed all the things he had to do.他把自己必须做的事列成表。

Share n.部份,股份,分担 v.共享,共有,分配

1.If you want a share of the pay, you\'ll have to do your fair share of the work.

要是你想得到一份报酬，你就必须做好你该分担的那一份工作。

2.She\'s got all her money in stocks and shares.她所有的钱都投放到股票里去了。

3.Children should be taught to share their toys.应该教育孩子们分享玩具。

go through a.通过

1.I\'ve gone through the elbows of my sweater.我的毛衣的肘部都磨破了。

2.He\'s amazingly cheerful considering all that he\'s been through.鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇，他的乐天达观令人惊叹。

3.She decided not to go through with (ie not to have) the abortion.她决定不做流产.

hide away 包庇 藏起...

They had been hid away for a long time.它们被隐藏了很久。

set down 1太阳落山 2.申斥(搭乘,触地)飞机着陆 3.写下来

1.The bus stopped to set down an old lady.公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车。

2.I\'ll set you down on the corner of your street.我在你说的那条街的拐角处停下来让你下车。

3.Why don\'t you set your ideas down on paper? 你怎么不把你的想法写在纸上呢?

a series of 一系列,一连串

1.The theory is based on a series of wrong aumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。

on purpose 故意,有意

1.He knocked the old man down on purpose.他故意把那个老人撞倒。

in order to 为了

1.In order to earn enough money, he worked late into the night.为了赚到足够的钱, 他工作到深夜。

Dare n.挑战,挑动 v.敢,胆敢

1.How dare you say such a thing? 你怎敢说出这样的话?

2.I dare say you are right.我认为你是对的。

thunder

n.雷电,雷声

v.打雷,大声喊出

1.My little dog always hides under the bed when it thunders.我的小狗一听到打雷就藏到床底下。

2.We could hear the thunder of distant guns.我们可以听到远处炮声隆隆。

3.\"Get out!\" he thundered.“滚出去!”他大声吼到。

face to face

面对面地

1.His ambition was to meet his favourite pop star face to face.

他心向往之的是要面对面地见见他心目中的流行曲歌星。

2.The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.

盗贼一拐弯面对面地碰上个警察。

3.The two rival politicians came/were brought face to face in a TV interview.

那两个对立的政客面对面地一起接受电视访问。

trust

n.信任,信托

vi.信任

vt.委托,相信

名词:truster 动词过去式:trusted 过去分词:trusted 现在分词:trusting 第三人称单数:trusts

1.My husband trusts me and I don\'t intend to break that trust.我的丈夫信任我，所以我不想失去这种信任。

2.Can you trust his account of what happened? 你能相信他对发生的事情所做的报告吗?

3.In his will he created trusts for his children.他在遗嘱里为子女安排好了信托财产。

suffer

v.遭受,经验,忍受

1.They suffered huge loes in the financial crisis.他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大的损失。

2.She couldn\'t suffer criticism.她受不了批评。

3.How can you suffer such insolence? 你怎么能容忍这种蛮横的态度?

get along with

vt.友好相处(和睦相处,取得进展)

1.We should let bygones be bygones and try to get along with each other.

我们应当本着既往不咎的原则重新合伙。

2.He is the last person that I\'ll get along with.他是我最不愿与之相处的人。

3.Do you get along with your bo?/Do you and your bo get along? 你跟老板合得来吗?

goip

n.闲聊,随笔

v.说闲话

1.There has been much goip in political circles.政界里有许多流言蜚语。

2.I never talk about goip.我从不传播流言蜚语。

3.She loves to goip to her neighbors.她喜欢议论邻居们的是非长短。

fall in love

vt.陷入爱河(爱上,喜爱)

1.It is natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful girl.他爱上那位美丽的姑娘是很自然的事。

2.It\'s my karma always to fall in love with brunettes.

我爱上的总是深褐色头发、浅黑色皮肤的白种女子, 这是我的缘分.

3.You say you don\'t believe in marriage, but I bet you sing a different song when you finally fall in love.

你说你认为结婚是无谓的, 但我肯定你最终爱上一个人的时候你就不这么说了.

quiz

n.小考,随堂测验,恶作剧

v.简单测验,恶作剧

1.We will have a quiz tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨进行一个小测验。

2.She quizzed him all night about the people he\'d seen.她整夜盘问他都见到谁了。

3.Match your skill against the experts in this quiz.在这一测验中你与专家较量一下技巧吧。

communicate

v.沟通,传达,交流

1.The door communicates with my room.这门和我的房间相通。

2.I can\'t communicate with them; the radio doesn\'t work.我无法和他们联系，无线电坏了。

3.He has communicated his wishes to me.他已经把他的愿望告诉了我。

join in

参加,加入

1.We want to join in the masquerade.我们想去参加化装舞会。

2.Can I join in (the game)? 我参加(这个游戏)行吗?

3.I will join in the project, heart and hand.我会满腔热情地参加这项工程。

join，join in，jointo

join的基本词义是“加入某个党派或社会团体，从而成为该党派或团体的一员”。例：

When did they join the conservation organization?他们是什么时候参加环保组织的? The prodigy joined the International Aociation of Poets，Playwrights，Editors，Eayists and Novelists(PEN)when he was only fourteen years old.这位天才在十四岁时便成为国际笔会会员。

join in的意思是“参加某项运动或活动”，例如参加讨论、游行、罢工等。例：

More than ten thousand workers have joined in this strike.有一万多名工人参加了此次罢工。

All of us will join in the celebration of the victory of World War Ⅱ.我们全都参加这次庆祝世界二次大战胜利的活动。

There were many extracurricular activities，but Peter never joined in.尽管有很多课外活动，但彼德从不参加。

join to的意思是“和…接触”、“与…相连”。例：

Our house is joined to Mr.So\'s.我们的房子和苏先生的房子相连。

请注意，join之后如接 oneself再加to，就表示“参加”、“加入”的意思。如：

To my surprise，Mr.Li joined himself to the opposite party last month.令我惊奇的是，上个月李先生竟然参加了反对党。

2014年最新人教版高中英语必修一知识点总结之

Unit 2 双击单词可弹出解释框 时间:2014-09-20 12:08 作者:admin 人教版新课标高中英语必修一Unit 2 English around the world 词语归纳 1）include include是及物动词，后跟名词，代词或者动名词作宾语，或者跟宾语+介词短语 including通常为介词，相当于having（sb/sth）as a part，包括（某人某物）在内，可与过去分词included互换。 2）present 作形容词，若表示“在场的，出席的”通常用作标标语或者后置定语；若表示“现在的，现有的”，通常用作前置定语。

作名词，也可以表示“目前，现在”，多与the连用，常用的词组at present“现在，目前”；还可以表示“礼物”含有“捐赠”的意思。

常有的词组有make sb a present of 表示“将某物赠送给某人”。作动词，表示“赠送，给与”，后跟双宾语；也可表示为“正式介绍，引见某人（尤指向级别、地位较高的人）”。

常见用法present one‟s apologies/compliments/respects…表示某人的歉意/赞扬/敬意…… present oneself 出席，列席； present itself 出现，呈现。 3）rule rule over sb/sth 统治某人/某物 rule sth/sb out 把某人/某物排除在外 as a rule 在大多数情况下，通常

表示“控制；影响”时多用作被动语态。作名词时表示“规则，规章，条例；惯常用法；统治；尺”。

4）recognize 为非延续性动词，不用于进行时；强调原来认识的东西意为“认出，分辨出”。 表示“承认某人/某物有效或者属实”有时与as连用。

与名词或者名词词组连用，that引导的从句连用，也可表示“认识到，认清某事物”。 5）commend 作动词多为及物动词，表示命令，后接名词+不定式。 表示“统率，指挥，控制，掌握”，后常接宾语。

作动词或名词都可以跟从句，从句中用should（常省略）+动词原形。 作名词常用词组有：in commend of 统率……的

under the commend of 被……统率的 get/obtain commend of 控制

take commend of 开始担任……的指挥 has commend of 掌握

at/by sb‟s commend 奉某人命令的，受某人指挥的 commend oneself 控制自己 6）request 作动词时常用的句型：request sb to do sth；request that sb （should）do sth； request of sb +that从句

作名词时常用的习语有：at sb‟s request/at the request of sb 应某人的要求 by request of 由于受到……的要求

make a request for sth from sb 向某人要求某物 7）explain 可作及物或者不及物动词，作及物动词时，间接宾语前要加to。例如： The teacher explains to the cla the questions.The teacher explains the questions to the cla.老师向全班解释了这个问题。 explain可接连

接代词，连接副词或者that引导的从句。还可以接连接代词或者连接副词所引导的不定式短语。

8）however 作副词，若表示转折，意为“但是，然而，不过”，可放在句首，句中，句末，要用逗号分开；若修饰形容词或者副词，意为“无论如何，无论怎样”。 作连词，引导让步状语从句。意为“不管怎样，不管用什么方式”。 9）imagine 是动词，意为“想象，设想，猜想”后跟名词，动名词，从句（imagine多以否定形式出现），还可以与as连用。

imagine oneself 表示“想像一下，你若……”后面所跟的to be结构常被省略。 10）such as与for example的区别

都可以作例如讲，但是such as用来列举事物，放在被列举事物和前面的名词之间，后直接跟名词，没有逗号，一般不如and so on 连用；for example用来举例说明，有时可作独立句，插在句子中，后面一般用逗号隔开。

such as 不能将前面所述的数量全部列出；such作形容词，可与as在句中分开使用，表示“像……这样的”，as是关系代词，引导宾语从句，作主语或者是宾语。

）more than ① more than与数词连用，意为“超过，多于”。

② more than+名词，表示超出该名词所指，意思为“不止，不仅仅是”。 ③ more than+加形容词或者动词，表示加重语气，意思是“很，非常”。 ④ more than+（that）从句，其基本意义是超过，但可译为“简直不，远非……” ⑤ more than之间加入形容词或者副词，有两种含义：一中是普通的比较级用法； 另外一种是用来表示“与其说……倒不如说……”。

12）base sth on/upon 意为“以……为基础/依据”，被动形式为be based on/upon 13）关于way的一些短语：

by the way 顺便说说；顺便提起 in a way 在某一方面；在某种程度上 in the way 阻碍，阻挡 in any way 无论如何

on one‟s way to/on the way to 在来/去……的路上/过程中 in every way 在各个方面，完全 in no way 绝不，无论如何不 lose one‟s way 迷路；误入歧途 14）nearly和almost的用法

①almost=very nearly,表示\"几乎、差不多\",常可互换使用。 ②almost和nearly可互换使用的场合 (1)在肯定句中

(2)修饰all, every, always等时 (3)在行为动词的否定式前 ③只能用almost的场合

(1)修饰no, none, never, any以及由no或any的合成词。: (2)修饰表示感觉或心理的动词或形容词。:(3)修饰more than和too。 ④只能用nearly的场合

(1)被very, not, pretty修饰时。 (2)表示要做什么事但后来\"没有做\"或\"避开不做\"时。

⑤mostly用作副词,意思是\"大体上、主要地、大部分、多半、通常\"等。 15）come up 走进；上来；提出；发芽；流行；上升；出现；发生 come up to 达到；数到；不负众望；合乎（标准等） come up with 提出（建议）；找到(答案，解决方法) come about 发生 come out 出版；出现；显露 come acro 偶然碰上 come on 加油 16）use的短语

make full/good/the best/little use of 充分/好好/充分/不充分利用 be in use 在使用中 come into use 开始使用

bring…to use/put use to 加以使用 get the use of 使用…… be of use 有用的 out of use 被废 弃不用

have no use for 对……无用 find a use for…为……找到用途 with use 经常使用

17）due to 由于（引导表语或者状语从句） thanks to 多亏，由于（引导状语从句） owing to 由于（引导状语或者表语从句）

as a result of 因为，……的结果（引导状语从句） on account of 因为（引导状语从句）

by the reason of 由于，因为（引导状语） 句子归纳：

1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）

2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。) 3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。) 4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.

(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句) 5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。) 6.…those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.the us is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。) 8.…there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数) 9.it is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。) 句型：it is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是… 扩充：it is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: it’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附：

1.either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同

be different from 强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法：

⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后

⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于… 如：战争等

4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？ ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? i don’t understand./ sorry, i can’t follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？

⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？ ⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？ 5.include ─ including; included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual (adj); rapidly ─ rapid (v)

government (n) ─ govern(v) wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v) foreign ─ foreigner; solve (v) ─ solution (n)

6.petrol------gas ; lift------elevator; flat------apartment film------movie; sweets----candy; post------mail

高一英语必修一必背句型

1) It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.（从句时态用完成时） 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

2) I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.（强调句） 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

3) I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。 4) Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句） 你的一个朋友叫你在期末考试中帮他作弊，这个朋友平常不认真学习。

5) If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice.如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。

6) Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起来，看看得了多少。

7) What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。 8) His income adds up to $1000 a month.他每月的收入共计1000美元。 9) It\'s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须体验的。

10) Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法？

11) The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report.警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。

12) As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。

13) Mr.Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.琼斯先生单独一人生活，常常感到孤独。

14) We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。

15) Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在这样一个暴风雨夜外出吗？

16) He would go through fire and water for his country.他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。 17) That country suffered a heavy lo in the flood.那个国家在水灾中遭受严重的损失。 18) World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.（定语从句） 世界英语来自那些以英语为第一或第二语言的国家，英语在这些国家起重要作用，或是因为外国的统治，或是因为其作为国际语言的特殊地位。

19) All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.当不同的语言互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。

20) Actually, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more on German than present day English.实际上，从公元450年到1150年，人们所说的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。

21) Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 请到我的公寓里来坐坐，好吗？

22) Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams.信不信由你，他在考试中作弊。 23) Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。

24) Today the number of people learning English in China is larger than even before.目前在中国学习英语的人数比以往任何时候都多。

25) It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country.（it作形式主语）政府的责任是为其国家的小孩提供教育。

26) Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage.阅读是帮助你改善词汇及其用法的最好方法之一。

27) Giving commands is le polite than making a request.发号命令比发出请求粗鲁。

28) We asked her for directions and she told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.我们向她问路，她告诉我们往左边拐弯后直走两个街区。

29) He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.他懂几种语言，例如英语、法语和德语。 30) My sister and I have dreamed about cycling along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.我姐姐和我一直梦想要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行。

31) The man insisted that he didn’t steal anything and he (should) be set free at once.(陈述语气、虚拟语气) 这男人坚持自己没有偷东西，他坚持说他应该立刻被释放。

32) She gave me a determined look ?C the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。

33) He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.他是如此的固执以致没有人能说服他做任何事。

34) My sister doesn’t care about details.我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。 35) She is a determined woman.Once she determines to do something, she will do it well.她是个意志坚强的人。如果她下决心做什么事，就一定要做好。

36) He recorded the important events ad his afterthoughts in his travel journal.在旅行日记中，他记下了重大的事件及自己的想法。

37) I am not familiar with this city, because this is my first visit.我对这个城市不熟悉，因为这是我的第一次来访。

38) I don’t think it is neceary for us to give in.我认为我们没有必要让步。

39) The topics of a travel journal can be different from a diary, often including people, things, and events le familiar to readers.游记的主题可以和日记不同，经常包括那些读者不太熟悉的人和事。

40) It was great fun to put up tents here.在这儿搭帐篷真好玩。

41) The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.（定语从句） 死伤的人数达到40多万。

42) The army organized the rescue workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.（定语从句） 部队组织救援人员将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。 43) All hope was not lost.= Not all hope was lost.（部分否定） 不是所有的希望都破灭了。

44) None of us were allowed to go there.（全部否定） 我们全都不许去那里。 45) He rescued the man from drowning.他救了一男子使之免遭溺毙。

46) An earthquake left the whole city in ruins.地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。

47) I feel highly honoured by your trust.得到你的信任，我感到非常荣幸。 48) Profeor Yu organized his thoughts before giving the speech.于教授在演讲之前组织了一下思路。

49) Many people took shelter from the rain in the department store.许多人在百货公司里避雨。

50) It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything.世界似乎到了末日，因为地震几乎毁了一切。

51) People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久？

52) They used candles all the time instead of electricity.他们一直用蜡烛，没有用电。

53) The one million people of the city, who thought little of these strange events, went to bed as usual that night.（非限制性定语从句）

这城市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些奇怪的情况当一回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。 54) We’d better prepare him for the bad news.我们最好让他做好知道这个坏消息的心理准备。

55) The rubbish gave out a smelly gas.垃圾发出一阵臭味。 56) I am getting in touch with him right away.我马上跟他联系。 57) Are you willing to do public service work without pay? 你愿意无偿从事公益活动吗？

58) Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? 你处于不幸中时容易丧失信心吗？

59) The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。（定语从句）

60) It is a doctor’s job to advise patients on health problems.医生的职责就是向病人提供有关健康的建议。

61) As a matter of fact, I was worried about whether I would be out of work.事实上我担心我是不是会失业。

62) After getting up, he always drinks a gla of water, which he believes is good for his health.（非限制性定语从句） 每天起床后，他都喝一杯水，他认为这对他的身体有好处。

63) The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progre, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.（定语从句） 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

64) In his life, he has always tried to help those who are le fortunate than himself.（定语从句） 在他的一生中，他总是设法帮助那些比他不幸的人。 65) Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.（倒装句） 只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

66) Only some of the children seemed to have understood it.似乎只有一部分孩子明白。

67) The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.那所我仅仅读了两年的学校有三公里远。（定语从句）

68) The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.（过去分词作后置定语） 他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。

69) Before he came to power, he was once put in prison for years.在掌权之前，他曾经坐了几年牢。 70) This was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.这是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。

71) He was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing.他因偷窃被判处三年监禁。

72) He set up a black law firm to help those poor black people.他开设了一间黑人律师事务所帮助那些穷苦的黑人。

73) In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。

74) My family could not continue to pay my school fee.我的家庭无法继续支付我的学费。

75) He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.（虚拟语气） 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。

推荐第4篇：高一英语必修一期末知识点总结

高一英语必修一期末知识点总结

☆重点句型☆

1.What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法 2.I think he / she should be„表示个人观点的词语

3.I enjoy reading / I\'m fond of singing / I like playing computer games.等表示喜好的词语

4.Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.“when\"作并列连词的用法

5.What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的 特殊疑问句结构

6.With so many people communicating in English everyday, ...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语

7.Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词 (或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法 ☆重点词汇☆

1.especially v.特别地 2.imagine v.想像

3.alone adv./ adj.单独，孤独的 4.interest n.兴趣

5.everyday adj.每天的，日常的 6.deserted adj.抛弃的 7.hunt v.搜寻 8.share v.分享

9.care v.在乎，关心 10.total n.总数

11.majority n.大多数

12.survive v.生存，活下来 13.adventure n.冒险 14.scared adj.吓坏的 15.admit v.承认

16.while conj.但是，而 17.boring adj.令人厌烦的 18.except prep.除„„之外 19.quality n.质量

20.favourite adj.最喜爱的 ☆重点短语☆ 1.be fond of爱好

2.treat„as„把„„看作为„„ 3.make friends with 与„„交朋友

4.argue with sb.about / over sth.与某人争论某事5.hunt for寻找 6.in order to为了

7.share„with与„„分享 8.bring in引进;赚钱

9.a great / good many许多„

推荐第5篇：高一必修一知识点总结

高一物理必修一知识点总结、高一物理必修知识点：第一章、定义：力是物体之间的相互作用。理解要点：(1)力具有物质性：力不能离开物体而存在。

高一物理必修一知识点总结：力是物体之间的相互作用

力是物体之间的相互作用。

理解要点：

(1)力具有物质性：力不能离开物体而存在。

说明：①对某一物体而言，可能有一个或多个施力物体。

②并非先有施力物体,后有受力物体

(2)力具有相互性：一个力总是关联着两个物体，施力物体同时也是受力物体，受力物体同时也是施力物体。

说明：①相互作用的物体可以直接接触，也可以不接触。

②力的大小用测力计测量。

(3)力具有矢量性：力不仅有大小，也有方向。

(4)力的作用效果：使物体的形状发生改变;使物体的运动状态发生变化。

(5)力的种类：

①根据力的性质命名：如重力、弹力、摩擦力、分子力、电磁力、核力等。

②根据效果命名：如压力、拉力、动力、阻力、向心力、回复力等。

说明：根据效果命名的，不同名称的力，性质可以相同;同一名称的力，性质可以不同。

推荐第6篇：新人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结

2016年新人教版高一英语必修一知识点总结

挑战自我，决战期末。

新课标必修1 Unit1 Friendship 重点词组：

be good to 对...友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间 get sth done 使...被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏;隐藏 be concerned about 关心;挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 经历;仔细检查 set down 放下;记下 a series of 一系列;一套 be crazy about 对...着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地 get along with 与...相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装 according to 按照;根据„所说 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见;做„有困难

communicate with sb 和...交际 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验;试用 join in 参加(活动) far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事 fall in love 相爱 ignorant of 无知

cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做...的习惯 句子归纳：

1.I wonder if...我想知道是否......2.It’s because...这是因为.......此从句中because不能用since或as 代替 3.What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢? 4.While walking the dog, you were carele and it got loose and was hit by a car.=While you were walking the dog,...在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。(当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。) 5.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗? 6.I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。

7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。

8.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

9.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 (I would be grateful if...委婉客气提出请求) 10.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.记日记对你来说是个好习惯 11.Shefound it difficult to settle and„ 12.This series of readers is very interesting.13.A friend in need is a friend indeed.14.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.Unit2 重点词组：

in...ways 在......方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在......末期 be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离„近change...into 把......变成 in the early days 在早期 take...with...随身携带 the same...as 与......相同的 at present 目前

be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席;出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be a native of 是......人 at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 request that ...(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向 give commands 命令 be different from 与......不同 i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常;照例 be native to 是......的土产动物/植物 as we know 正如我们所知 an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织

play a role/ part (in) 在„中担任角色;在......中起作用;扮演一个角色;参与 play an important role/ part 在„中起重要作用 because of 因为;由于 come up (vi) 走进;上来;发生;被讨论 make (good/ full) use of (好好/充分)利用

from one place to another 从一处到另一处 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子归纳：

1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.(然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。) 2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。) 3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。) 4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句) 5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。) 6.Those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。

8.There is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数) 9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。) 句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是„ 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附：

1.either„or„和neither„nor„连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同

be different from 强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法：

⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后 ⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于„ 如：战争等

4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢? ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗? ⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗? ⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗? 5.include ─ including; included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual (adj); apidly ─ rapid (v) government (n) ─ govern(v) wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v) foreign ─ foreigner; solve (v) ─ solution (n) 6.petrol----gas lift----elevator; flat----apartment film----movie; sweets----candy; post---mail Unit3 Travel Journal 重点词组： one-way fare 单程票 round-trip fare 往返票 graduate from 从...毕业

care about 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾 care to do愿意/同意做某事give in (vt) 上交 give in (to) 投降;屈服;让步 give up 放弃

give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一样 at midnight 午夜 at an altitude of 在...海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s) 对...态度 change one’s mind 改变主意 to my mind = in my opinion make camp 野营，宿营 make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事 put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷 sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行 persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth (心理) 决心干某事 get sb interested in 使某人对...感兴趣 insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要;坚持要

the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事 for one thing...for another (用来引出某事的理由)一则......二则......take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊 句子归纳：

1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型：it is/ was...that...其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。 2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.insist that...(should)+ v原形 (虚拟语气)坚持要;坚持要求 insist that...陈述语气 坚持说;坚持认为 3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? 4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Good luck on your journey.6.The lake shone like gla in the moonlight.(simile) Unit4 Earthquakes 重点词组：

have time to do 有时间做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事 shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter in ruins 成为废墟 cut acro 穿过、横穿 blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌 rescue workers 救援人员 be pleased to do 乐意做某事 make/ give a speech 发表演说 judging...from 根据......来判断 tens of thousands of 成千上万 dig out 挖掘 burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来 think little of 对......评价低 be proud of / take pride in 以......而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对......评价高 one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb give out 发出(气味等);分发;耗尽 a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入......陷在......下面 the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛 have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事

come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事

agree to sth give off 发出(气味等) give back 归还 give away 赠送;泄露 agree on sth 达成一致意见 agree to do sth right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的 be known as 作为......而知名as is known to all 众所周知 be known for 因......而出名 as could be expected 正如可以预料到的 it is usele doing sth 干某事是无用的 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发

句子归纳：

1.It is always calm before a storm.2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句为There be 句型 3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.现在分词表伴随 4.It seemed that the world was at an end.5.Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义 6.All hope was not lost.all 与not 连用 表示部分否定 7.It’s never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。 附：分词用法 之 作定语

falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水

Unit5 Nelson Mandela 重点词组

lose heart 丧失勇气 worry about 担心 lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上 be worried about 担心(状态) in trouble 处于不幸中

be sentenced to 被判处 be out of work = lose one’s job 失业 be equal to 相等的，平等的 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 blow up 充气 爆炸 beg for 乞讨 set up 建立，创立;设置，竖起 send up 发射，使上涨 set about 着手 (set about doing sth着手做某事) go up 上升，增长;被兴建 set off 出发，动身 set up 设立，建立;设置，竖起 set out 陈列，摆出;开始(set out to do sth开始做某事) stop sb (from) doing sth / keep sb from doing sth / prevent sb (from) doing sth )阻止某人做某事be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在......活跃 die for 为„„而死 die from 死于(外因)die of 死于(内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等)be proud of / take pride in 以......而自豪

invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth , agree with sb , think highly of 对......评价高put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把......投入监狱advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advice 不可数 a piece of advice一条建议 advise doing sth 建议做某事advise sb on sth 建议某人某事advise that (should)+ v原 fight for 为争取......而斗争 fight against 为反对......而斗争 fight with 同......并肩作战/ 同......斗争 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth 在某方面有困难have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难work out 算出 have a go= have a try试一试, break the law 违反法律

be willing to do sth 乐于做某事 realize one’s dream of 实现......的梦想 answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 come to power 当权，上台 social activities 社会活动 equal (adj)--- equally (adv)--- equality (n) violence (n)------violent (adj) cruelty (n)--- cruel (adj)--- cruelly (adv) educated (adj)--education (n) willing--unwilling 不愿意的 active---inactive 不活跃的 句子归纳：

1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时(作状语：副词;介词短语;状语从句)，要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。

Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed.(从句无需倒装，主句要倒装) 2.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。

3.I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句 链接：It’s the first time that+ 现在完成时 It was the first time that +过去完成时

4.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.(should have done 本应做而未做) needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过

推荐第7篇：必修一英语知识点总结

必修一英语知识点总结

Unit 1 1.add up 合计

add up to 加起来是„ add to 增加，促进 add„to„ 把„加到„上 add that 补充说 2.upset ①adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 ②vt.使不安；使心烦

作为动词时，过去式、过去分词皆为upset，现在分词为upsetting 3.ignore vt 不理睬，忽视

1）ignorance n.无知

be in ignorance of 对„无知 out of ignorance 出于无知 2）ignorant adj.无知的 be ignorant of 对„不了解 4.concern ① vt.使担忧；涉及 ② n.担心；关注/系

the concerned people 担忧的人 the people concerned 牵连到的人们 1) be concerned about/for 关心 2) be concerned with/in 牵涉到 3）as/so far as„be concerned 关于；至于；就„而言 5.set down 记下；放下；登记

1）set about doing 着手做某事2）set of 动身；出发；引爆3) set up 竖起；开设 4）set/put forward 提出；促进5）set out to do 出发；着手做6）set„aside 搁置 7）set down to doing 着手做 6.on purpose 故意；=by design for the purpose of 目的是 =with the purpose of 反义词：by accident/chance 7.in order to In order to 为了（位于句首/句中 so as to 只位于句中 in order that 位于句首或居中 so that 引导结果状语从句，需加情态动词may, might, could, can 等 8.power n.能力，力量，权力

1) be in power 执政；掌权=come to power = take power 2)have the power to do 有„的能力3）beyond/out of one’s powerv某人力所不能及的 power 指职权/权力 或做某事所依靠的能力 energy指人的精力，自然界能量 strength 指力量，力气

force 指自然界力量，暴力，军队力量，压制力 9.settle vt.使定居 vi.定居

settle down 安定；习惯于某种生活；认真做某事

settle down to doing sth.=get down to sth 着手认真做某事

settle in/into 安顿下来，适应„„ settlement n.解决；定居 settler n.殖民者 10.recover recover from 从„„中恢复过来 recover sth.获得某物 recover oneself镇定下来 11.tired be tired from /with 对„„感到疲惫 be tired out 筋疲力尽 be tired of 感到厌烦 12.go though go through the song练习歌曲

The river goes through the city.河流穿过城市

The customers men went through our suicase.海关检查箱子 go through homework 完成家庭作业 13.get短语

get together 聚会 get along with 与„„相处 get up 起床 get off 下车 get ovet 克服 get to 到达 get through 接通 14.其他短语

Draw the curtains 拉上窗帘 Close to 靠近Pack up打包 Have got to 不得不

Face to face 面对面 No longer =not any longer 不再 Join sb in doing sth.加入某人做...Be worn out 筋疲力尽 Calm down平静下来 Hide away 躲藏 at dusk 在黄昏 Be crazy about 对...疯狂

Should have done 本该做某事(虚拟语气)表本来应该做的事情没有做．若用should do则表示现在或将来应该做．

It is/was the first time (that)„have(has)/had done„固定句式 sb find/think/make+it+adj to do sth 某人发现/认为/使某事 „

disagree with 不同意某人观点 disagree on 不能在„„达成一致 Have a dislike for=take a dislike to 不喜欢 suffer vt./vi.遭受 suffer from 遭受 15.a series of 单复数形式相同。 类似的词：means,species A series of 加一个名词做主语时谓语要根据series的具体意思决定 16.“参加”

take part in 多指带着责任心参加大型活动，并在其中起一定的作用，如体育、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等；

join in 强调参加正在进行的活动，如比赛、娱乐、谈话等 Join sb.In sth.意为“和某人一道做某事”

join 指加入团体、组织等，并成为其中的一员，如参军、入团、入党等； attend 指出席或参加会议、音乐会、婚礼、宴会等，也可指听课、听报告等。

Unit 2 1.another day/time下次 the ther day前几天 more A than B 与其说B不如说A no more than 仅仅 not more than 不超过 No le than 多达 Not le than 不少于 2.come 短语

Come on 加油，快点 come out 出来；出版；开花 come down 传承 come over过来 come about发生；产生 come acro偶遇；碰到 come to 来到；谈到；苏醒；共计 come around恢复，改变某人意见或立场 come up with跟上 3.recognize recognize sb认出某人 recognize one’s voice分辨出某人声音

recognize sb to be /as 承认某人怎样 recognize that 从句 承认„„ 4.base Base „„on 以„„为基础 On a regular basis 定期

Be based on 以„„为基础 at the base of 在„„脚底；在„„底部 5.present Present sth to sb,=present sb.with sth.把某物交给、赠给某人 at present=at the present time目前 be present at出席 6.command under the command of =under one’s command在„„的指挥下 Be in command of 控制 Have/take command of指挥„„ Command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 7.request make a request for sth.要求某物 by request of sb.应某人的要求 request sb.to do 要求某人做某事 request that„should do请求做„„ 8.其他短语

attitude to /forward sth.对某事的态度 suggest that„should do建议做..prefer that „should do宁愿做„ make sense 有意义

make use of=take use of 利用 without a second thought 马上

play an important part / role in 在„中担任角色；在„中起作用 because of 因为 in some ways 在某些方面 native language 母语

even if/though 即使，尽管 communicate with sb 与某人沟通 at present 目前 come up with 提出 get/be close to 靠近，接近a large number of = many 大量的 the number of ...的数量（谓语用复数） believe it or not 信不信由你 have fun 玩的开心 solve problems 解决问题

an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家 instead of 代替

Unit 3 1.persuade persuade sb to do sth.劝说某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth.劝说某人不要做某事

persuade sb into doing sth.劝说某人做某事 persuade sb out of doing sth.劝说某人不做„„ 2.advantage take advantage of 利用 without advantage 没有害处

under advantage 在不利的情况下 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 3.prefer prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事 prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿做A也不做B prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B prefer that should do 宁愿做某事（虚拟语气） 4.determine determine to do 决定做某事 determine on doing 决定„„

be determined to do=make up one’mind to do sth.下定决心做某事 determined that 决定„„ 5.care care for关心 照顾 喜欢 想要 care about 在乎 在意 关心 take care注意，当心 with care 小心地，仔细地 6.mind make up one’s mind下定决心 change one’s mind 改变某人的心意

keep „in mind 把„„记在心中 fix one’s mind on/upon把注意力集中在 fix one’s eyes /attention on/upon 7.give短语

give away 赠送；泄露；出卖 give back归还 give off放出，散发出

give up放弃；戒掉 give over 移交 give way to 给„„让道 give In 屈服 ，让步 8.在某人看来 in one’s view = in one’s opinion = from one’s point of view = as far as „be concerned = as far as I can judge = in one’s judgement 9.can’t„„

can’t help doing忍不住做„„ can’t help to do不能帮助做某事

can’t help but do= cannot but do =cannot choose but do=别无选择做某事 10.其他短语

dream of/about doing 梦想做某事 graduated from„ 从...毕业

graduate in...从„„专业毕业 care for 喜欢，想要 care about 担心，关心 get sb interested in sth 使某人对某事物感兴趣

the best way to do sth / of doing sth 做某事的最佳方式 insist on doing sth 坚持做某事

insist (that) sb (should) do sth “坚持应该干„”--虚拟语气 insist that sb did/had done sth “坚持某一事实”---陈述语气

at an altitude of„ 在海拔...的高度 can hardly wait to do sth / can not wait to do sth 迫不及待想做某事

encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事 ever since 自那以后 at midnight 在午夜 attitude towards...对待...的态度 14.强调句：

It is/was（被强调部分）that(who)„

dig for sth.寻找某物 on the scene 当场 dig out 挖出

Unit 4 1.burst burst into laughter 突然笑起来 burst out laughing突然笑起来 burst with anger 勃然大怒 burst in/into 闯入 2.end at the end of 在„„的末尾 by the end of到„„为止 in the end 最后 come to an end 结束 3.专心做某事

be buried in =bury oneself in =devote oneself to =apply onself in =employ oneself in 专心做„„ 4.trap trap sb into doing sth.诱使某人做某事

be traped in 陷入 set traps to do sth.设置陷阱 5.judge judge sb./sth.to be /as 断定某人某物是„ judge sb from/by 从„中判断

judging from /by从„中来看 as far as I can judge 我认为 in one’s judgement 某人认为 6.其他短语

as if 好像 at an end 结束 in ruins 废墟 come to one’s rescue营救某人 rescue sb from „„把某人从某地营救出来 the injured 伤员 of no use 无用 at the top of 在„„的顶端 expre one’s thanks to 表达某人的谢意 shake hands with sb.和某人握手

think highly of...对...评价高 （被动语态：be highly thought of） break out（火灾、战争）突然发生，爆发 be shocked at...对...感到震惊 （shocked指 “人感到震惊的”;shocking指事物 “令人震惊的”） be known as...被称为....be known for以„„闻名 too ...to...太...而不能...tens of thousands of数以千万计的 fall down 倒塌 It seemed that 看起来;似乎

Unit 5 1.equal be equal to 胜任，有能力对付，与„相等 equal sb in„„在某方面比得上某人 equality n.平等 equally adv.均等地

feel like 好像 be dreed in穿着 in camp 宿营 2.willing be willing to do sth.乐意做某事 be willing for sb to do sth愿意某人做某事 be unwilling to do sth.不愿做某事 stay awake 保持清醒 be fond of 喜欢 at one point 在某一时刻 3.turn短语

turn around/round 转身 turn down 关小 turn in 上交

turn off关掉 turn up 出面；露面 turn out 证明是，结果是 4.hold短语

hold to 坚持 hold on 稍等 hold up举起；撑起；使停顿

hold on to抓住 on schedule 按计划地 ahead of schedule 提前 5.shock，heart be a shock to sb.使„„吃惊 be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊 be shocked at 对„„感到吃惊 lose heart 失去信心

break one’ s heart 让某人很伤心 heart and soul 全心全意 6.escape escape from sth.从„„中逃出来 escape doing sth.逃避做某事 escape from one’s memory =sth.escape sb.某事被某人遗忘 refer to 提到 out of work 失业 blow up 爆炸 7.as a matter of fact =in fact =in reality事实上

in trouble 遇到困难 put „„in prison =be in prison让某人进监狱 be active in 在...方面活跃 without pay 没有工资 8.sentence vt.判刑n.句子

sentence sb to 判某人的刑罚 sentence sb.to death判处某人死刑 be sentenced to 被判决„„ pa sentenced on /upon sb判某人刑 9.fight fght with sb.与某人并肩而战 fight against ...同...战斗 fight for ...为...而战 be in good health 身体健康 blow up 使充气，爆炸

ask for 请问，询问 in reward 作为回报 set up 设立，建立 realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 stop sb.from doing something 阻止某人做某事 answer violence with violence以暴制暴 show somebody over some place 带某人参观某地

The last 30 years have seen the greatest number of laws„„ Only then did we decided to answer violence with violence.（only +状语+部分倒装）

推荐第8篇：高一地理必修一知识点总结

地球自转的方向自西向东。从地球北极上空观察，呈逆时针旋转。



1、地球自转的周期恒星日，23小时56分4秒（真正周期）；太阳日，24小时。



2、地球自转的速度角速度（每小时15°），线速度（自赤道向两极递减）



3、地球公转的轨道椭圆轨道。一月初（近日点），七月初（远日点）。



4、地球公转的方向自西向东。从地球北极上空观察，呈逆时针旋转。



5、地球公转的周期恒星年（365日6时9分10秒）、回归年（365日5小时48分46秒）



6、地球公转的速度在近日点时公转速度较快，在远日点时较慢。



7、黄赤交角黄道平面与赤道平面的夹角，目前为23°26′。



8、太阳直射点的移动规律太阳直射点以一年为周期相应地在南北回归线间往返移动



9、晨昏线的判断沿自转方向，黑夜向白天过渡为晨线，白天向黑夜过渡为昏线。



10、地方时的计算每往东1°，时刻增大4分钟。



11、已知经度求时区数经度除以15，再四舍五入。



12、区时的计算每往东1个时区，时刻增大1个小时。



13、北京时间以东八区（120°E地方时）为标准时间。



14、世界时：以本初子午线时间为标准时。



15、国际日期变更线180°经线（理论上），不通过陆地（实际）。



16、地球自转的地理意义：昼夜更替、不同地方时、水平运动物体的偏移（北右南左）



17、太阳直射点的判断与该点的切线方向垂直，地方时为12点。



18、春分日（3月21日）太阳直射点在赤道，晨昏线与经线重合。



19、夏至日（6月22日）太阳直射点在北回归线，晨昏线与经线交角最大。

20、秋分日（9月23日）太阳直射点在赤道，晨昏线与经线重合。



21、冬至日（12月22日）太阳直射点在南回归线，晨昏线与经线交角最大。

22、夏半年的概念：3月21日至9月23日



23、冬半年的概念：9月23日至3月21日



24、地球侧视图的判读：上北下南，左西右东。



25、地球俯视图的判读逆时针自转，中心为北极；顺时针自转，中心为南极。



26、昼夜长短的计算：以昼弧长度为依据，每15度为1小时。



27、日出日落时刻的计算；根据昼长以标准日出（6时）和标准日落（18时）前后推算。



28、昼夜长短的判断：夏半年，越北白昼越长，冬半年，越南白昼越长。



29、正午太阳高度的计算=90°-（直射点与所求点的纬度间隔）

30、天文四季：一年内白昼最长、太阳最高的季节是夏季。



31、我国传统四季：以立春(2月4日)、立夏、立秋、立冬为起点来划分四季。



32、欧美传统四季：以春分、夏至、秋分、冬至为四季的起点。



33、二十四节气：春雨惊春清谷天夏满芒夏暑相连秋处露秋寒霜降冬雪雪冬小大寒



34、五带的名称和范围：热带、北温带、南温带、北寒带、南寒带。



35、地球公转的地理意义：正午太阳高度的变化、昼夜长短的变化、四季更替

.为什么黄赤交角变大,太阳直射范围变大? 黄赤交角的角度＝太阳直射点最大的角度

目前黄赤交角的角度是23°26′，太阳直射点的最大角度也就是23°26（即南北纬′23°26′间）；如果黄赤交角变成35°时，此时太阳直射点的最大角度也对应变成35°（即南北纬35°之间）－－－此时，直射范围自然也扩大了。 

2.黄赤交角变大变小会对地球有什么影响?为什么? 黄赤交角的角度＝太阳直射点最大的角度＝热带角度

此时与这个角度互余的角度就是寒带的角度－－如黄赤交角为23°26′时，则0至23°26′间是热带，互余的66°34′至90°就是寒带，中间的23°26′到66°34′为温带。

 故：

黄赤交角变大时，热带、寒带范围变大，温带变小；

黄赤交角变小时，热带、寒带范围变小，温带变大；

、天体的分类：星云、恒星、行星、卫星、彗星、流星体、星际物质。

、天体系统的成因：天体之间因相互吸引和相互绕转，形成天体系统。

、天体系统的级别：地月系－太阳系－银河系（河外星系）－总星系

、太阳系九大行星的位置：水金地火（小）、木土天海冥。

、九大行星按结构特征分类：类地行星（水金地火）、巨行星（木土）、远日行星（天海冥）。

、太阳的主要成分氢和氦。

、太阳辐射能量的来源核聚变反应。

、太阳辐射对地球和人类的影响维持地表温度，水循环、大气运动等的动力，人类的主要能源。

、太阳活动黑子（标志）、耀斑（最激烈）。

、我国太阳能的分布：青藏高原（最高）、四川盆地（最低）。

、太阳外部结构及其相应的太阳活动光球(黑子)、色球(耀斑)、日冕(太阳风)。

、太阳黑子的变化周期11年。

、太阳活动对地球的影响：①影响气候②影响短波通讯③产生磁暴现象

、地球的平均半径6371千米

、地球的赤道周长4万千米

、纬线和纬度，低纬、中纬、高纬的划分连接东西的线。每1个纬度为111.1千米；0-30、30-60、60-90。

、东西两半球的划分：西经20°和东经160°的经线圈。

、南北两半球的划分：以赤道为界，以北的为北半球，以南的为南半球。

、南北回归线和南北极圈：23°26′和66°34′纬线

、本初子午线0°经线，通过英国伦敦格林尼治天文台原址。

、地球自转的方向自西向东。从地球北极上空观察，呈逆时针旋转。

、地球自转的周期恒星日，23小时56分4秒（真正周期）；太阳日，24小时。

、地球自转的速度角速度（每小时15°），线速度（自赤道向两极递减）

、地球公转的轨道椭圆轨道。一月初（近日点），七月初（远日点）。

、地球公转的方向自西向东。从地球北极上空观察，呈逆时针旋转。

、地球公转的周期恒星年（365日6时9分10秒）、回归年（365日5小时48分46秒）

、地球公转的速度在近日点时公转速度较快，在远日点时较慢。

、黄赤交角黄道平面与赤道平面的夹角，目前为23°26′。

、太阳直射点的移动规律太阳直射点以一年为周期相应地在南北回归线间往返移动

、晨昏线的判断沿自转方向，黑夜向白天过渡为晨线，白天向黑夜过渡为昏线。

、地方时的计算每往东1°，时刻增大4分钟。

、已知经度求时区数经度除以15，再四舍五入。

、北京时间以东八区（120°E地方时）为标准时间。

、世界时：以本初子午线时间为标准时。

、地球自转的地理意义：昼夜更替、不同地方时、水平运动物体的偏移（北右南左）

、春分日（3月21日）太阳直射点在赤道，晨昏线与经线重合。

、夏至日（6月22日）太阳直射点在北回归线，晨昏线与经线交角最大。

、秋分日（9月23日）太阳直射点在赤道，晨昏线与经线重合。

、冬至日（12月22日）太阳直射点在南回归线，晨昏线与经线交角最大。

、地球侧视图的判读：上北下南，左西右东。

、地球俯视图的判读逆时针自转，中心为北极；顺时针自转，中心为南极。

、昼夜长短的计算：以昼弧长度为依据，每15度为1小时。

、昼夜长短的判断：夏半年，越北白昼越长，冬半年，越南白昼越长。

、天文四季：一年内白昼最长、太阳最高的季节是夏季。

、我国传统四季：以立春(2月4日)、立夏、立秋、立冬为起点来划分四季。

、欧美传统四季：以春分、夏至、秋分、冬至为四季的起点。

、五带的名称和范围：热带、北温带、南温带、北寒带、南寒带。

、地球公转的地理意义：正午太阳高度的变化、昼夜长短的变化、四季更替

、低层大气的组成：干洁空气、水汽和固体杂质

、干洁空气的组成：氮和氧，二氧化碳和臭氧

、大气污染二氧化碳的“温室效应”，氟氯烃破坏臭氧层

、大气垂直分层：对流层、平流层（臭氧层）、高层大气（电离层）

、对流层的主要特征：上冷下热，对流显著，天气现象复杂多变。与人类的关系最密切。

、平流层的主要特征：臭氧吸收紫外线。平流，对高空飞行有利，

、影响太阳辐射强度的最主要因素：太阳高度角

、大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用：吸收、反射、散射作用。

、地面辐射是对流层大气主要的直接热源。

、大气逆辐射夜间有云较温暖，夜间晴朗较寒冷。

、大气的保温效应对流层大气中的水汽和二氧化碳对地面长波辐射吸收能力很强。

、引起大气运动的根本原因各纬度间的冷热不均。

、热力环流由于地面冷热不均而形成的空气环流。

、形成风的直接原因水平气压梯度力。

、地转偏向力的方向北半球向右偏，南半球向左偏。

、根据等压线判断风向的步骤①高压垂直指向低压②北半球右偏，南半球左偏③画出合力

、小气候：城市风、海陆风、山谷风

、海平面等压线与风力大小低压中心，高压中心。等压线越密集，风力越大。

、地球上气压带和风带的分布东北信风、副高、中纬西风、副极地低压、极地东风、极地高压

、气压带和风带的季节位移大致来说，夏季北移，冬季南移。

、冬季海陆上的主要气压中心：亚洲高压（大陆）、阿留申低压（太平洋）和冰岛低压（大西洋）

、夏季海陆上的主要气压中心：亚洲低压（大陆）夏威夷高压（太平洋）亚速尔高压（大西洋）

、季风的成因①海陆热力性质差异②气压带和风带位置的季节移动

、季风的典型分布地区东亚季风（西北、东南风）；南亚季风（东北、西南风）。

、锋面的分类与天气冷锋、暖锋和准静止锋。气温、气压、天气。

、锋面对我国天气影响的实例北方夏季的暴雨（冷锋）、我国冬季爆发的寒潮（冷锋）

、气旋的气压、气流状况、天气特征低气压；上升气流；阴雨。北半球水平气流为逆时针。

、反气旋的气压、气流状况、天气特征高气压；下沉气流；晴朗。北半球水平气流为顺时针。

、锋面气旋锋前锋后的天气情况。冷气团一侧阴雨。

、世界气候类型的名称热带（四种）、亚热带（两种）、温带（三种）、寒带（一种）

、判断气候类型的步骤①判断南北半球，②判断热量带，③判断雨型。

、亚热带季风气候的特点、成因、分布规律夏季高温多雨、冬季温和少雨；受季风影响；大陆东岸20-35°

、地中海气候的特点、成因、分布规律夏季炎热干燥,冬季温和多雨。受副高和西风交替控制。30-40西岸

、温带季风气候的特点、成因、分布规律夏季高温多雨，冬季低温干燥。季风。40-60°大陆东岸。

、温带海洋性气候的特点、成因、分布规律冬暖夏凉，降水均匀。终年盛行西风。40-60°大陆西岸。

、温带大陆性气候的特点、成因、分布规律冬季严寒、夏季炎热、全年少雨。终年受大陆气团控制。温带内陆

、寒潮的危害带来严寒、大风、霜冻。对春秋季的农作物危害最大。

、全球变暖趋势及其人为原因①燃烧矿物燃料②毁林

、全球变暖造成的后果①海平面上升②各地区降水和干湿状况的变化。

、大气臭氧层总量减少的主要原因氟氯烃化合物消耗臭氧。

、大气臭氧层总量减少的危害①直接危害人体健康②对生态环境和农林牧渔造成破坏。

、酸雨的成因燃烧煤、石油、天然气，排放二氧化硫和氧化氮等酸性气体。

、我国酸雨区的分布①四川盆地②珠江三角洲③长江三角洲

、酸雨的危害①河湖水酸化，影响鱼类②土壤酸化③腐蚀建筑物④危及人体健康

、酸雨的防治减少人为硫氧化物和氮氧化物的排放。煤炭中的硫资源综合利用。

、大气环境保护二氧化碳的“温室效应”，氟氯烃破坏臭氧层，酸雨。

、海洋是大气的主要热源和水源海洋水量占地球总水量的96.53%，海洋占地球表面的71%。

、世界洋流模式(低、中纬)反气旋型。北半球为顺时针流动，南半球为反时针流动。

、世界洋流模式(中、高纬)北半球中高纬是气旋型大洋环流，呈反时针方向流动。

、北印度洋洋流的分布规律冬逆夏顺。冬季洋流向西流，夏季洋流向东流。

、北太平洋的洋流分布北赤道暖流、日本暖流、北太平洋暖流、加利福尼亚寒流。

、南太平洋的洋流分布南赤道暖流、东澳大利亚暖流、西风漂流、秘鲁寒流。

、南印度洋的洋流分布南赤道暖流、厄加勒斯暖流、西风漂流、西澳大利亚寒流。

、北大西洋的洋流分布北赤道暖流、墨西哥湾暖流、北太西洋暖流、加那利寒流。

、南大西洋的流流分布南赤道暖流、巴西暖流、西风漂流、本哥拉寒流。

、地壳中主要化学元素氧、硅、铝、铁、钙、钠、钾、镁。

、岩石成因分类岩浆岩（喷出岩和侵入岩）、沉积岩、变质岩。

、地壳物质循环规律冷却凝固→岩浆岩－外力→沉积岩－变质→变质岩－熔化→岩浆

、地质作用的概念引起地壳及其表面形态不断发生变化的作用。

、地质作用的分类内力作用、外力作用。

、内力作用的主要表现形式地壳运动、岩浆活动、变质作用

、地壳运动的两种类型及其影响水平运动（褶皱山系、裂谷海洋）、升降运动（海陆变迁）。

、板块构造学说的要点岩石圈不是整体一块。板块交界地壳活动。板块运动形成地貌。

、六大板块的名称亚欧、非洲、美洲、太平洋、印度洋和南极洲板块。

、地质构造类型褶皱（背斜、向斜），断层（上升岩块、下沉岩块）

、背斜成谷和向斜成山的成因背斜顶部因受张力，被侵蚀成谷地。向斜接受沉积物，成为山岭。

、外力作用的主要表现形式风化作用、侵蚀作用、搬运作用、沉积作用、固结成岩作用。

、水循环的意义①水量平衡②更新水资源③联系四大圈层④物质迁移⑤能量交换

、气候对生物分布的影响光（喜光植物、喜阴植物）、热、水（森林、草原、荒漠）

、能源资源的分类常规能源、新能源（太阳能、地热能、核能）

、火山的分类活火山、死火山、休眠火山。



9、气压带、风带移动及海陆分布对季风气候和地中海气候的影响（b） 

推荐第9篇：高一语文必修一知识点总结

高一语文必修一知识点总结：字词整理

一、给加点字注音

峥嵘

遏止

召唤

依偎

拣拾

炽热

颓圮

百舸

灰烬

摇曳

彳亍

桑梓

怪癖

摭拾

祈祷

磕绊

焦灼

涡流

教诲

犄角

澄澈

吝啬

纤巧

戕害

斟酌

憎厌

甫健

不啻

偌大

慰藉

骨骸

商榷

干瘪

妥帖

甄别

跋涉

水泵

钦佩

啮噬

吮吸

藐视

狭隘

思忖

墓冢

颐养

撩起

给予

累赘

横蛮

刹那

擂鼓

悄然

炫耀

惆怅

蒙蔽

巷道

粘着你

象弭

寰宇

肴馔

神裔

宅邸

眷念

静谧

奇诡

悲怆

矫饰

墟场

烙印

绮窗

搭讪

褪色

崎岖

田塍

匝

乾坤

谪居

翘首

蕞尔

濠水

屹立

憔悴

徘徊

澄澈

圈棚

烟垢

打夯

脂粉

铭刻

丰腴

赭色

月晕

恣意

臭鼬

粗犷

咆哮

豁口

迷眩

涟漪

嗥叫

蓊郁

沮丧

忧悒

惬意

莴苣

驯服

迸发

允诺

湍急

扳机

饿殍

艾蒿

什刹海

煊羊肉

乌桕树

大龙湫

嘎啦声

引吭试啼

气息屏窒

不屈不挠

恪尽职守

废寝忘食

战战兢兢

忐忑不安

妄自菲薄

日臻完善

自艾自怜

面面相觑

瞠目结舌

汗流浃背

冰冷成坨

靡室靡家

载饥载渴

忧心孔疚

小人所腓

熠熠闪光

魂牵梦萦

一饮一啜

铩羽而归

方兴未艾

窗临远阜

围炉煮茗

愤世嫉俗

曝背谈天

树枝槎桠

二、根据拼音写汉字

xiǎn狁

gū负

悠miǎo

rú染

chà傺

dì造

发rân

迁xǐ

焦zào

huáng惑

盘chán

耄diã

wēi峨

tǎn露

余huī

zhã居

xiāo遥

仓huáng

rïu合

châ退

àn淡

shǔ光

miâ视

rú动

王室靡gǔ

不huáng启居

四牡kuíkuí

贫困liáo倒

酒阑灯xiâ

低徊欷xū

根深dì固

hàn苑名流

hàn动人心

按nà不住

suǒ然无味

huǎng然大悟

烟波浩niǎo

相yìng成趣

风光yǐnǐ

美妙绝lún

胸jīn洒脱

直jiã了当

震天hàn地

千峰万hâ

暮雨xiāoxiāo

奔放不jī

毛骨sǒng然

司酒行shāng

气势pángbï

笑mīmī

tïng孔

玛nǎo

赤luǒ

pánghuáng

麻bì

niē造

迷wǎng

抹shā

沉miǎn

消qiǎn

闲xiá

liáo廓

执zhuï

juã择

晨xī

chán绕

符lù

时máo

nì爱

chú形

áo翔

áo游

黯dǎn

qìn园春

逊了一chïu

良chãn美景

gǒu延残chuǎn

丝丝入kîu

至高无shàng

硕大无pãng

míng思苦想

ànbù就班

挥斥方qiú

pūpū心跳

斑lán多彩

百无聊lài

疑dîu释然

一如jì往

完美无xiá

开天pì地

推荐第10篇：高一生物必修一知识点总结

高一生物必修一知识点总结

1、蛋白质的基本单位_氨基酸, 其基本组成元素是C、H、O、N

2、氨基酸的结构通式:R肽键:—NH—CO—|

NH2—C—COOH|

H

3、肽键数=脱去的水分子数=_氨基酸数—肽链数

4、多肽分子量=氨基酸分子量 x氨基酸数—x水分子数18

5、核酸种类DNA:和RNA;基本组成元素:C、H、O、N、P

6、DNA的基本组成单位:脱氧核苷酸;RNA的基本组成单位:核糖核苷酸

7、核苷酸的组成包括:1分子磷酸、1分子五碳糖、1分子含氮碱基。

8、DNA主要存在于中细胞核,含有的碱基为A、G、C、T;

RNA主要存在于中细胞质,含有的碱基为A、G、C、U;

9、细胞的主要能源物质是糖类,直接能源物质是ATP。

10、葡萄糖、果糖、核糖属于单糖;

蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖属于二糖;

淀粉、纤维素、糖原属于多糖。

11、脂质包括:脂肪、磷脂和固醇。

12、大量元素:C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg(9种)

微量元素:Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Cu、Mo(6种)

基本元素:C、H、O、N(4种)

最基本元素: C(1种)

主要元素:C、H、O、N、P、S(6种)

13、水在细胞中存在形式:自由水、结合水。

14、细胞中含有最多的化合物:水。

15、血红蛋白中的无机盐是:Fe2 ,叶绿素中的无机盐是:Mg2

16、被多数学者接受的细胞膜模型叫流动镶嵌模型

17、细胞膜的成分:蛋白质、脂质和少量糖类。细胞膜的基本骨架是磷脂双分子层。

18、细胞膜的结构特点是:具有流动性;功能特点是:具有选择透过性。

19、具有双层膜的细胞器:线粒体、叶绿体;

不具膜结构的细胞器:核糖体、中心体;

有“动力车间”之称的细胞器是线粒体;

有“养料制造车间”和“能量转换站”之称的是叶绿体;

有“生产蛋白质的机器”之称的是核糖体;

有“消化车间”之称的是溶酶体;

存在于动物和某些低等植物体内、与动物细胞有丝分裂有关的细胞器是中心体。

与植物细胞细胞壁形成有关、与动物细胞分泌蛋白质有关的细胞器是高尔基体。

20、细胞核的结构包括:核膜、染色质和核仁。

细胞核的功能:是遗传物质贮存和复制的场所,是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心。

21、原核细胞和真核细胞最主要的区别:有无以核膜为界限的、细胞核

22、物质从高浓度到低浓度的跨膜运输方式是:自由扩散和协助扩散;需要载体的运输

方式是:协助扩散和主动运输; 需要消耗能量的运输方式是:主动运输

23、酶的化学本质:多数是蛋白质,少数是RNA。

24、酶的特性:高效性、专一性、作用条件温和。

25、ATP的名称是三磷酸腺苷,结构式是:A—P~P~P。ATP是各项生命活动的直接

能源,被称为能量“通货”。

26、ATP与ADP相互转化的反应式:ATP酶ADP Pi 能量

27、动物细胞合成ATP,所需能量来自于作用呼吸;

植物细胞合成ATP,所需能量来自于光合作用和呼吸作用

28、叶片中的色素包括两类:叶绿素和类胡萝卜素。前者又包括叶绿素a和叶绿素b

,后者包括胡萝卜素和叶黄素。以上四种色素分布在叶绿体的类囊体薄膜上。

29、叶绿素主要吸收蓝紫光和红光,类胡萝卜素主要吸收蓝紫光。因此蓝紫光和光

的光合效率较高。

30、光合作用的反应式:见必修一P 103

31、光合作用释放出的氧气,其氧原子来自于水。

32、在绿叶色素的提取和分离实验中,无水乙醇作用是溶解色素,二氧化硅作用是使

研磨充分,碳酸钙作用是防止色素受到破坏。

33、层析液不能没及滤液细线,是为了防止滤液细线上的色素溶解到层析液中,导致实

验失败。

34、色素分离后的滤纸条上,色素带从上到下的顺序是:胡萝卜素、叶黄素、

叶绿素a、叶绿素b。

35、光合作用包括两个阶段:光反应和暗反应。前者的场所是类囊体薄膜,后者的场

所是叶绿体基质。

36、光反应为暗反应提供[ H ]和ATP。

37、有氧呼吸反应式:见必修一P 93

38、无氧呼吸的两个反应式:见必修一P 95,

39、有丝分裂的主要特征:染色体和纺锤体的出现,然后染色体平均分配到两个子细胞中。

40、细胞分化的原因:基因的选择性表达

41、检测还原糖用斐林试剂,其由0.1g/ml的NaOH溶液和0.05g/ml的CuSO4溶液组成,与还原糖发生反应生成砖红色沉淀。使用时注意现配现用。

42、鉴定生物组织中的脂肪可用苏丹Ⅲ染液和苏丹Ⅳ染液。前者将脂肪染成橘黄色,后者

染成红色。

43、鉴定生物组织中的蛋白质可用双缩脲试剂。使用时先加NaOH溶液,后加2~3滴

CuSO4溶液。反应生成紫色络合物。

44、给染色体染色常用的染色剂是龙胆紫或醋酸洋红溶液。

45、“观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布”中,用甲基绿和吡罗红两种染色剂染色,DNA被染

成绿色,RNA被染成红色。

46、原生质层包括:细胞膜、液泡膜以及这两层膜之间的细胞质。

47、健那绿染液是专一性染线粒体的活细胞染料,可以使活细胞中线粒体呈现蓝绿色。

48、在分泌蛋白的合成、加工、运输和分泌过程中,有关的细胞器包括:核糖体、内质网、

高尔基体、线粒体。

49、氨基酸形成肽链,要通过脱水缩合的方式。

50、当外界溶液浓度大于细胞液浓度时,植物细胞发生质壁分离现象;当外界溶液浓度小

于细胞液浓度时,植物细胞发生质壁分离后的复原现象。

51、细胞膜和其他生物膜都是选择透过性(功能特点)膜。

52、细胞有氧呼吸的场所包括:细胞质基质和线粒体。

53、有氧呼吸中,葡萄糖是第一阶段参与反应的,水是第二阶段参与反应的,氧气是第三阶

段参与反应的。第三阶段释放的能量最多。

54、细胞体积越大,其相对表面积越小,细胞的物质运输效率就越低。细胞的表面积与体积

的关系限制了细胞的长大。

55、连续分裂的细胞,从一次分裂完成时开始,到下一次分裂完成时为止,称为一个细胞周

期。

56、有丝分裂间期发生的主要变化是:完成DNA分子的复制和有关的合成。

56、有丝分裂分裂期各阶段特点:

前期的主要特点是:染色体、纺锤体出现,核膜、核仁消失;

中期的主要特点是:染色体的着丝点整齐地排列在赤道板上;

后期的主要特点是染色体的着丝点整齐地排列在赤道板上:;

末期的主要特点是:染色体、纺锤体消失,核膜、核仁出现。

57、酵母菌的异化作用类型是:兼性厌氧型

58、检测酵母菌培养液中CO2的产生可用澄清石灰水,也可用溴麝香草酚蓝

水溶液。 CO2可使后者由蓝色变绿色再变黄色。

59、检测酒精的产生可用橙色的重铬酸钾溶液。在酸性条件下,该溶液与酒

精发生化学反应,变成灰绿色。

60、细胞有丝分裂的重要意义,是将亲代细胞的染色体经过复制,精确地平均

分配到两个子细胞中。

61、植物细胞不同于动物细胞的结构,主要在于其有:细胞壁、叶绿体、液泡

62、在个体发育中,由一个或一种细胞增殖产生的后代,在形态、结构和生理

功能上发生稳定性差异的过程,叫做细胞分化。

63、植物组织培养利用的原理是:细胞全能性。

64、由基因所决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程叫细胞凋亡。

65、人和动物细胞的染色体上本来就存在着与癌有关的基因:抑癌基因和原

癌基因

这样可以吗?

再精练简洁一些

高中生物必修一知识点总结

1、生命系统的结构层次依次为：细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群→群落→生态系统

细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位；地球上最基本的生命系统是细胞

2、光学显微镜的操作步骤：对光→低倍物镜观察→移动视野中央（偏哪移哪）

→高倍物镜观察：①只能调节细准焦螺旋；②调节大光圈、凹面镜

3、原核细胞与真核细胞根本区别为：有无核膜为界限的细胞核

①原核细胞：无核膜，无染色体，如大肠杆菌等细菌、蓝藻

②真核细胞：有核膜，有染色体，如酵母菌，各种动物

注：病毒无细胞结构，但有DNA或RNA

4、蓝藻是原核生物，自养生物

5、真核细胞与原核细胞统一性体现在二者均有细胞膜和细胞质

6、细胞学说建立者是施莱登和施旺，细胞学说建立揭示了细胞的统一性和生物体结构的统一性。细胞学说建立过程，是一个在科学探究中开拓、继承、修正和发展的过程，充满耐人寻味的曲折

7、组成细胞（生物界）和无机自然界的化学元素种类大体相同，含量不同

8、组成细胞的元素

①大量无素：C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg

②微量无素：Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Mo、Cu

③主要元素：C、H、O、N、P、S

④基本元素：C

⑤细胞干重中，含量最多元素为C，鲜重中含最最多元素为O

9、生物（如沙漠中仙人掌）鲜重中，含量最多化合物为水，干重中含量最多的

化合物为蛋白质。

10、（1）还原糖（葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖）可与斐林试剂反应生成砖红色沉淀；脂肪可苏丹III染成橘黄色（或被苏丹IV染成红色）；淀粉（多糖）遇碘变蓝色；蛋白质与双缩脲试剂产生紫色反应。

（2）还原糖鉴定材料不能选用甘蔗

（3）斐林试剂必须现配现用（与双缩脲试剂不同，双缩脲试剂先加A液，再加B液）

11、蛋白质的基本组成单位是氨基酸，氨基酸结构通式为NH2—C—COOH，各种氨 基酸的区别在于R基的不同。

12、两个氨基酸脱水缩合形成二肽，连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键（—NH—CO—）叫肽键。

13、脱水缩合中，脱去水分子数=形成的肽键数=氨基酸数—肽链条数

14、蛋白质多样性原因：构成蛋白质的氨基酸种类、数目、排列顺序千变万化，多肽链盘曲折叠方式千差万别。

15、每种氨基酸分子至少都含有一个氨基（—NH2）和一个羧基（—COOH），并且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上，这个碳原子还连接一个氢原子和一个侧链基因。

16、遗传信息的携带者是核酸，它在生物体的遗传变异和蛋白质合成中具有极其重

要作用，核酸包括两大类：一类是脱氧核糖核酸，简称DNA；一类是核糖核酸，简称RNA，核酸基本组成单位核苷酸。

17、蛋白质功能：

①结构蛋白，如肌肉、羽毛、头发、蛛丝

②催化作用，如绝大多数酶

③运输载体，如血红蛋白

④传递信息，如胰岛素

⑤免疫功能，如抗体

18、氨基酸结合方式是脱水缩合：一个氨基酸分子的羧基（—COOH）与另一个氨基酸分子的氨基（—NH2）相连接，同时脱去一分子水，如图：

HOHHH

NH2—C—C—OH+H—N—C—COOHH2O+NH2—C—C—N—C—COOH

R1HR2R1OHR2

19、DNA、RNA

全称：脱氧核糖核酸、核糖核酸

分布：细胞核、线粒体、叶绿体、细胞质

染色剂：甲基绿、吡罗红

链数：双链、单链

第11篇：高一生物必修一知识点总结

高一生物必修（1）知识点整理

第一章 走近细胞

第一节 从生物圈到细胞

一、相关概念、

细 胞：是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。除了病毒以外，所有生物都是由细胞构成的。细胞是地球上最基本的生命系统

生命系统的结构层次： 细胞→组织→器官→系统（植物没有系统）→个体→种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈

二、病毒的相关知识：

1、病毒（Virus）是一类没有细胞结构的生物体。主要特征：

①、个体微小，一般在10~30nm之间，大多数必须用电子显微镜才能看见；

②、仅具有一种类型的核酸，DNA或RNA，没有含两种核酸的病毒；

③、专营细胞内寄生生活；

④、结构简单，一般由核酸（DNA或RNA）和蛋白质外壳所构成。

2、根据寄生的宿主不同，病毒可分为动物病毒、植物病毒和细菌病毒（即噬菌体）三大类。根据病毒所含核酸种类的不同分为DNA病毒和RNA病毒。

3、常见的病毒有：人类流感病毒（引起流行性感冒）、SARS病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）

[引起艾滋病（AIDS）]、禽流感病毒、乙肝病毒、人类天花病毒、狂犬病毒、烟草花叶病毒等。

第二节 细胞的多样性和统一性

一、细胞种类：根据细胞内有无以核膜为界限的细胞核，把细胞分为原核细胞和真核细胞

二、原核细胞和真核细胞的比较：

1、原核细胞：细胞较小，无核膜、无核仁，没有成形的细胞核；遗传物质（一个环状DNA分子）集中的区域称为拟核；没有染色体，DNA 不与蛋白质结合，；细胞器只有核糖体；有细胞壁，成分与真核细胞不同。

2、真核细胞：细胞较大，有核膜、有核仁、有真正的细胞核；有一定数目的染色体（DNA与蛋白质结合而成）；一般有多种细胞器。

3、原核生物：由原核细胞构成的生物。如：蓝藻、细菌（如硝化细菌、乳酸菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌）、放线菌、支原体等都属于原核生物。

4、真核生物：由真核细胞构成的生物。如动物(草履虫、变形虫)、植物、真菌（酵母菌、霉菌、粘菌）等。

三、细胞学说的建立：

1、1665 英国人虎克(Robert Hooke)用自己设计与制造的显微镜（放大倍数为40-140倍)观察了软木的薄片，第一次描述了植物细胞的构造，并首次用拉丁文cella（小室)这个词来对细胞命名。

2、1680 荷兰人列文虎克（A.van Leeuwenhoek），首次观察到活细胞，观察过原生动物、人类精子、鲑鱼的红细胞、牙垢中的细菌等。

3、19世纪30年代德国人施莱登（Matthias Jacob Schleiden）、施旺（Theodar Schwann）提出：一切植物、动物都是由细胞组成的，细胞是一切动植物的基本单位。这一学说即“细胞学说（Cell Theory)”，它揭示了生物体结构的统一性。

第二章 组成细胞的分子

第一节 细胞中的元素和化合物

一、

1、生物界与非生物界具有统一性：组成细胞的化学元素在非生物界都可以找到

2、生物界与非生物界存在差异性：组成生物体的化学元素在细胞内的含量与在非生物界中的

含量明显不同

二、组成生物体的化学元素有20多种：

大量元素：C、O、H、N、S、P、Ca、Mg、K等；

微量元素：Fe、Mn、B、Zn、Cu、Mo；

基本元素：C；

主要元素；C、O、H、N、S、P；

细胞含量最多4种元素：C、O、H、N；

水

无机物无机盐

组成细胞 蛋白质

的化合物 脂质

有机物 糖类

核酸

三、在活细胞中含量最多的化合物是水（85％-90％）；含量最多的有机物是蛋白质（7％-10％）；占细胞鲜重比例最大的化学元素是O、占细胞干重比例最大的化学元素是C。

第二节 生命活动的主要承担者------蛋白质

一、相关概念：

氨 基 酸：蛋白质的基本组成单位 ，组成蛋白质的氨基酸约有20种。

脱水缩合：一个氨基酸分子的氨基（—NH2）与另一个氨基酸分子的羧基（—COOH）相连接，同时失去一分子水。

肽 键：肽链中连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键（—NH—CO—）。

二 肽：由两个氨基酸分子缩合而成的化合物，只含有一个肽键。

多 肽：由三个或三个以上的氨基酸分子缩合而成的链状结构。

肽 链：多肽通常呈链状结构，叫肽链。

二、氨基酸分子通式：

三、氨基酸结构的特点：每种氨基酸分子至少含有一个氨基（—NH2）和一个羧基（—COOH），并且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上（如：有—NH2和—COOH但不是连在同一个碳原子上不叫氨基酸）；R基的不同导致氨基酸的种类不同。

四、蛋白质多样性的原因是：组成蛋白质的氨基酸数目、种类、排列顺序不同，多肽链空间结构千变万化。

五、蛋白质的主要功能（生命活动的主要承担者）：

① 构成细胞和生物体的重要物质，如肌动蛋白；

② 催化作用：如酶；

③ 调节作用：如胰岛素、生长激素；

④ 免疫作用：如抗体，抗原；

⑤ 运输作用：如红细胞中的血红蛋白。

六、有关计算：

① 肽键数 = 脱去水分子数 = 氨基酸数目 — 肽链数

② 至少含有的羧基（—COOH）或氨基数（—NH2） = 肽链数

第三节 遗传信息的携带者------核酸

一、核酸的种类：脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）

二、核 酸：是细胞内携带遗传信息的物质，对于生物的遗传、变异和蛋白质的合成具有重要作用。

三、组成核酸的基本单位是：核苷酸，是由一分子磷酸、一分子五碳糖（DNA为脱氧核糖、RNA为核糖）和一分子含氮碱基组成 ；组成DNA的核苷酸叫做脱氧核苷酸，组成RNA的核苷酸叫做核糖核苷酸。

四、DNA所含碱基有：腺嘌呤（A）、鸟嘌呤（G）和胞嘧啶（C）、胸腺嘧啶（T）

RNA所含碱基有：腺嘌呤（A）、鸟嘌呤（G）和胞嘧啶（C）、尿 嘧 啶（U）

五、核酸的分布：真核细胞的DNA主要分布在细胞核中；线粒体、叶绿体内也含有少量的DNA；RNA主要分布在细胞质中。

第四节 细胞中的糖类和脂质

一、相关概念：

糖类：是主要的能源物质；主要分为单糖、二糖和多糖等

单糖：是不能再水解的糖。如葡萄糖。

二糖：是水解后能生成两分子单糖的糖。

多糖：是水解后能生成许多单糖的糖。多糖的基本组成单位都是葡萄糖。

可溶性还原性糖：葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖等

二、糖类的比较：

分类 元素 常见种类 分布 主要功能

单糖 C

H

O 核糖 动植物 组成核酸

脱氧核糖

葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖 重要能源物质

二糖 蔗糖 植物 ∕

麦芽糖

乳糖 动物

多糖 淀粉 植物 植物贮能物质

纤维素 细胞壁主要成分

糖原（肝糖原、肌糖原） 动物 动物贮能物质

三、脂质的比较：

分类 元素 常见种类 功能

脂质 脂肪 C、H、O ∕

1、主要储能物质

2、保温

3、减少摩擦，缓冲和减压

磷脂 C、H、O

（N、P） ∕ 细胞膜的主要成分

固醇 胆固醇 与细胞膜流动性有关

性激素 维持生物第二性征，促进生殖器官发育

维生素D 有利于Ca、P吸收

第五节 细胞中的无机物

一、有关水的知识要点

存在形式 含量 功能 联系

水 自由水约95％

1、良好溶剂

2、参与多种化学反应

3、运送养料和代谢废物 它们可相互转化；代谢旺盛时自由水含量增多，反之，含量减少。结合水约4.5％ 细胞结构的重要组成成分

二、无机盐（绝大多数以离子形式存在）功能：

①、构成某些重要的化合物，如：叶绿素、血红蛋白等

②、维持生物体的生命活动（如动物缺钙会抽搐）

③、维持酸碱平衡，调节渗透压。

第三章 细胞的基本结构

第一节 细胞膜------系统的边界

一、细胞膜的成分：主要是脂质（约50％）和蛋白质（约40％），还有少量糖类（约2％--10％）

二、细胞膜的功能：

①、将细胞与外界环境分隔开

②、控制物质进出细胞

③、进行细胞间的信息交流

三、植物细胞含有细胞壁，主要成分是纤维素和果胶，对细胞有支持和保护作用；其性质是全透性的。

第二节 细胞器----系统内的分工合作

一、相关概念：

细 胞 质：在细胞膜以内、细胞核以外的原生质，叫做细胞质。细胞质主要包括细胞质基质和细胞器。

细胞质基质：细胞质内呈液态的部分是基质。是细胞进行新陈代谢的主要场所。细 胞 器：细胞质中具有特定功能的各种亚细胞结构的总称。

二、八大细胞器的比较：

1、线粒体：（呈粒状、棒状，具有双层膜，普遍存在于动、植物细胞中，内有少量DNA和RNA内膜突起形成嵴，内膜、基质和基粒中有许多种与有氧呼吸有关的酶），线粒体是细胞进行有氧呼吸的主要场所，生命活动所需要的能量，大约95%来自线粒体，是细胞的“动力车间”

2、叶绿体：（呈扁平的椭球形或球形，具有双层膜，主要存在绿色植物叶肉细胞里），叶绿体是植物进行光合作用的细胞器，是植物细胞的“养料制造车间”和“能量转换站”，（含有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素，还有少量DNA和RNA，叶绿素分布在基粒片层的膜上。在片层结构的膜上和叶绿体内的基质中，含有光合作用需要的酶）。

3、核糖体：椭球形粒状小体，有些附着在内质网上，有些游离在细胞质基质中。是细胞内将氨基酸合成蛋白质的场所。

4、内质网：由膜结构连接而成的网状物。是细胞内蛋白质合成和加工，以及脂质合成的“车间”

5、高尔基体：在植物细胞中与细胞壁的形成有关，在动物细胞中与蛋白质（分泌蛋白）的加工、分类运输有关。

6、中心体：每个中心体含两个中心粒，呈垂直排列，存在于动物细胞和低等植物细胞，与细胞的有丝分裂有关。

7、液泡：主要存在于成熟植物细胞中，液泡内有细胞液。化学成分：有机酸、生物碱、糖类、蛋白质、无机盐、色素等。有维持细胞形态、储存养料、调节细胞渗透吸水的作用。

8、溶酶体：有“消化车间”之称，内含多种水解酶，能分解衰老、损伤的细胞器，吞噬并杀死侵入细胞的病毒或病菌。

三、分泌蛋白的合成和运输：

核糖体（合成肽链）→内质网（加工成具有一定空间结构的蛋白质）→

高尔基体（进一步修饰加工）→囊泡→细胞膜→细胞外

四、生物膜系统的组成：包括细胞器膜、细胞膜和核膜等。

第三节 细胞核----系统的控制中心

一、细胞核的功能：是遗传信息库（遗传物质储存和复制的场所），是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心；

二、细胞核的结构：

1、染色质：由DNA和蛋白质组成，染色质和染色体是同样物质在细胞不同时期的两种存在状态。

2、核 膜：双层膜，把核内物质与细胞质分开。

3、核 仁：与某种RNA的合成以及核糖体的形成有关。

4、核 孔：实现细胞核与细胞质之间的物质交换和信息交流

第12篇：高一历史必修一知识点

高一历史期末知识点强化

本主义的进一步发展提供了保障。

3.1721年，沃尔波尔成为英国的第一位首相，英国的责任制内阁制开始逐步形成，首相是

议会多数党的领袖，内阁成员集体负责，必须在大政方针上保持一致，与首相共进退。首相掌握行政权、议会掌握立法权两者相互制约。

4.美国民主共和制确立标志是《1787年宪法》，其中体现了中央集权和地方分权相结合，

“分权与制衡”的原则，在联邦政府结构中体现出“三权分立”的原则。

5.“三权分立”下总统（行政）、国会（立法）、最高法院（司法），总统由选民间接选举

产生，对宪法负责，最高法院大法官由总统提名，参议院批准。三者独立平等，相互制约，防止专制的出现。

6.1787年宪法是第一部比较完整的资产阶级成文宪法，体现了一定的民主精神，但它允许

奴隶制度的存在，存在种族歧视。

7.19世纪50年代中期，民主党与共和党的对峙格局最终形成。两党对垒，交替执政，成

为美国共和政体的一大特色，两党本质都是资产阶级政党，维护资产阶级的利益

8.法国民主共和制确立标志是1875年《第三共和国宪法》。

9.法国民主共和制下，总统掌握行政权，议会掌握立法权。总统由参、众两院组成的联席

会议选出，参议院有权否决众议院的决议案。

10.德意志统一的方式是王朝战争。

11.德国君主立宪制确立标志是1871年《德意志帝国宪法》

12.德国君主立宪制下，皇帝掌握国家大权，宰相由皇帝任命，对皇帝负责。议会是立法机

构，由联邦议会和帝国议会组成，帝国议会作用权利很小。德意志的君主立宪制，保留了大量的封建残余，是不完善的。

第四单元近代中国反侵略、求民主的潮流

民主革命的分期：旧民主主义革命（1840—1919）资产阶级领导

新民主主义革命（1919—1949）无产阶级领导

任务都是反帝反封建

1.英国为扩大海外市场，掠夺生产原料是鸦片战争爆发的根本原因

2.扭转中英贸易逆差是英国发动鸦片战争的直接目的

3.在《南京条约》中，开放通商口岸和关税协定最能体现英国发动战争的本质

4.第二次鸦片战争中，英法联军火烧圆明园

5.太平天国运动首次肩负起反封建、反侵略的双重任务，揭开了民主革命的序幕

6.1853年，颁布的《天朝田亩制度》是太平天国的建国纲领

7.1856年，天京变乱是太平天国由盛转衰的标志

8.1859年《资政新篇》不是太平天国的产物，是洪仁玕个人智慧的结晶，没有得到实施的

原因是没有必要的社会条件

9.1894年7月，丰岛海战标志中日甲午战争开始，1895年初，日军占领威海卫标志甲午

战争以清军惨败告终。日军在旅顺进行了惨无人道的大屠杀

10.1895年，《马关条约》开始，列强对中国侵略进入以资本输出为主的阶段，其中最明显

的体现是《马关条约》中规定，允许在通商口岸投资设厂

11.19世纪末列强进入帝国主义，对外表现是瓜分世界和资本输出

12.义和团运动口号“扶清灭洋”，是一场反帝爱国运动

13.惩办反帝官员，禁止中国人成立、参加反帝性质组织，表明了清政府成为了列强统治中

国的工具

14.1894年，成立的兴中会是中国第一个资产阶级民主革命团体，1905年成立的同盟会是

近代中国第一个统一的资产阶级革命政党

15.同盟会十六字纲领“驱除靼虏，恢复中华（民族），创立民国（民权），平均地权（民生）”。

16.《中华民国临时约法》特别规定实行责任内阁制，有效的限制了总统的权力。这部约法

是中国近代史上第一部资产阶级性质的民主宪法，具有反对封建专制制度的进步意义

17.新民主主义革命的开端是五四爱国运动，是一次彻底地不妥协地反帝反封建的革命运动

18.1921年在上海召开的中国共产党第一次全国代表大会后转移到嘉兴的南湖举行

19.国共第一次合作形成的标志是，1924年在广州召开的国民党一大

20.北伐战争的对象是吴佩孚、孙传芳和张作霖，基本推翻了北洋军阀的统治

21.国民大革命的失败给中共最深刻的教训，掌握军队的重要性

22.1927年8月1日，南昌起义打响了武装反抗国民党反动统治的第一枪，标志着中国共产

党独立领导武装斗争、创建人民军队和武装夺取政权的开始

23.1927年9月，秋收起义中建立的井冈山革命根据地，标志中国革命的重心由城市转移到

农村

24.毛泽东“工农武装割据”思想的内容：武装斗争、土地革命（核心）和根据地建设

25.长征是一次战略转移，直接原因是第五次反围剿的失败，红

一、红二和红四方面军在甘

肃会宁会师标志长征胜利结束（1934年10月—1936年10月）

26.国共第二次合作主要原因是，民族危机加深，中日民族矛盾成为当时中国社会的主要矛

盾。日本全面侵华的标志是1937年七·七卢沟桥事变

27.正面战场：淞沪会战（粉碎了日军三个月灭亡中国的计划）、太原会战、徐州会战（台

儿庄战役是抗战以来取得最大的胜利）、武汉会战；敌后战场：平型关大捷（抗战以来的第一次取得胜利）、百团大战；海外战场：远征缅甸

28.抗战的中流砥柱是中国共产党领导的敌后战场，抗日战争是中国人民一百多年来第一次

取得反对外来侵略斗争的完全胜利

29.全面内战爆发的标志是1946年6月国民党大举进攻中原解放区，1947年春开始的重点

进攻对象是陕北和山东解放区

30.1947年6月，刘邓大军千里挺进大别山，揭开了战略反攻的序幕

31.战略决战：辽沈战役、淮海战役、平津战役，国民党军队主力基本上被消灭

32.新民主主义革命的胜利，结束了中国近代百年来屈辱的历史

第五单元从科学社会主义理论到社会主义制度的建立

1.19世纪三四十年代，法、英、德三大工人运动，标志着无产阶级登上了世界政治舞台，三大工人运动的失败表明了工人运动迫切需要科学理论的指导

2.马克思主义诞生的标志是，1848年《共产党宣言》的发表，马克思主义三大理论来源：德意志古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学、英法空想社会主义

3.《共产党宣言》内容：阐明了历史发展的客观规律、明确指出阶级斗争在阶级社会推动历史发展的重要作用、揭示了无产阶级的历史使命

4.巴黎公社（1871年3月28日）是无产阶级建立政权的第一次伟大尝试

5.巴黎公社革命脱离了广大的农民，其失败的根本原因是资本主义制度还处于上升期

6.俄国二月革命（资产阶级民主革命）推翻了封建专制制度，革命后出现了两个政权并存的局面，掌握实权的是资产阶级临时政府。工兵代表苏维埃的建立说明的二月革命已经超出了资产阶级民主革命的范畴

7.《四月提纲》提出了争取以和平方式取得政权，七月事件表明和平夺权的破产，两个政权并存局面结束

8.十月革命是人类历史上第一次取得胜利的社会主义革命，建立了世界上第一个无产阶级

专政的国家

第六单元现代中国的政治建设与祖国统一

1.新中国建立后确立起了三大政治制度：政治协商制度（1949年9月）、人民代表大会制

度（根本政治制度）（1954年9月）、民族区域自治制度（1949年《共同纲领》首先提出，1954年宪法中正式确认）

2.1954年人大召开前，政协代行人大职能，《共同纲领》具有临时宪法的性质。1954年人

大召开后，政协作为统一战线组织继续存在，发挥政治协商和民主监督的职能，1956年提出了“长期共存，互相监督”的八字方针，标志政协制度发展到一个新阶段

3.1954年《中华人民共和国》宪法中体现了人民民主和社会主义两大原则，是新中国第一

部社会主义类型的宪法，是建设社会主义的法律保证

4.1947年，建立第一个民族自治区：内蒙古自治区；1965年，建立了最后一个民族自治

区：西藏自治区

5.*给我们最深刻的教训是：必须加强社会主义民主法制建设

6.1978年，十一届三中全会上提出了“有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究”的法

制建设方针

7.1979年开始全国人大加紧全面立法，1982年修订了《中华人民共和国》宪法，形成以

宪法为核心的社会主义法律体系

8.1999年，将依法治国写入宪法是我国法制建设的里程碑

9.第一次提出和平方式统一祖国的方针是在，1979年元旦《告台湾同胞书》

10.“一国两制”首先是针对台湾问题提出的，第一次成功实践是在香港。“一国两制”实

施的前提是一个中国，即中华人民共和国

11.香港、澳门问题的成功解决根本原因是中国综合国力的提高

12.“九二共识”，是两岸关系发展的一次历史性突破

13.国共两党关系经过了：合作—破裂—再合作—再破裂—再合作

第七单元现代中国的对外关系

1.新中国初期实行：独立自主的和平外交方针，包括：“另起炉灶”、“打扫干净屋子再请

客”、“一边倒”（在美国为首的西方资本主义国家封锁的特殊历史条件下实行的）

2.新中国建立第一年与苏联等17个国家建立了外交关系，1950年中苏签订了《中苏友好

同盟互助条约》

3.为了同邻近国家和新兴的民族独立国家发展有好关系，1953年12月，周恩来在接见印

度代表团时，提出了和平共处五项原则

4.和平共处五项原则的提出标志新中国外交的成熟，成为解决国与国之间问题的基本原则

5.日内瓦会议是新中国第一次以世界五大国之一的地位参加的国际会议，万隆会议上周恩

来提出的“求同存异”方针促进了会议圆满成功

6.1971年10月25日，新中国恢复在联合国合法席位的原因是国际地位的提高和第三世界

国家的支持

7.1972年，中美关系正常化是中日关系改善的直接原因，20世纪70年代，出现外交新局

面的主要原因是中美关系的正常化，国际上出现了与中国建交的热潮

8.新时期新中国外交的特点：开展以联合国为中心的多边外交、积极参加地区性的国际组

织

第八单元当今世界政治格局的多极化趋势

1.美苏从战时的同盟关系转变为战后的敌对关系主要原因是：两国在社会制度和国家利益

上的矛盾加剧

2.美苏冷战开始的标志是：1947年3月，杜鲁门主义的提出，其核心是“遏制共产主义”，

“冷战”，是指除武装进攻之外的一切敌对行动

3.美国“冷战”政策的内容：杜鲁门主义（政治）、马歇尔计划（经济）（实质是通过经济

控制西欧）、北约（军事，1949），苏联的应对措施：1949年，经济互助委员会、1955年华约（欧洲出现两大军事集团对峙的局面，美苏两极格局形成）

4.德国分裂和朝鲜分裂，是美苏冷战的结果

5.欧洲走向联合的关键因素是：法德矛盾的化解

6.1967年成立的欧共体由三个部分组成：1951年，《巴黎条约》欧洲煤钢共同体、1957

年，《罗马条约》欧洲经济共同体、欧洲原子能共同体

7.战后日本经济恢复发展的基础是，美国推动的民主改革

8.不结盟运动形成的标志是,1961年，第一次不结盟国家会议在南斯拉夫首都贝尔格莱德

召开

9.不结盟运功的特点是：非集团、不结盟，20世纪70年代的重要任务是反对美苏两个超

级大国的霸权主义，行动纲领是建立国际经济新秩序

10.东欧剧变的实质是社会制度发生根本性的变化，波兰是第一个发生剧变的国家

11.苏联解体、东欧剧变的根本原因是高度集中的政治经济体制，苏联解体的直接原因是戈

尔巴乔夫改革

12.两极格局瓦解的标志是，苏联解体

13.当今世界格局是：一超多强。多极化趋势加强

14.世界政治格局变化的根本原因是，世界经济力量中心的转变

第13篇：高一政治必修一第十课 知识点总结

必背知识点第十课科学发展观和小康社会的经济建设

1、贯彻落实科学发展观的必要性

①地位：科学发展观是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针，是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。

②实现全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标，必须深入贯彻落实科学发展观。

2、科学发展观的科学内涵：

第一要义：发展核心：以人为本

基本要求：全面协调可持续根本方法：统筹兼顾

3、如何促进国民经济又好又快发展？

①坚持走中国特色自主创新道路，提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家。

地位：这是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键。

②加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。

为什么：A这是关系国民经济全局紧迫而重大的战略任务。B存在问题：投资、出口对经济增长的贡献率高，而消费对经济增长的贡献率低，投资、出口、消费三者关系不合理；三大产业结构不合理；能源资源消耗高等。

措施：A要坚持走中国特色创新型工业化道路，坚持扩大内需特别是消防需求的方针。B促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第

一、第

二、第三产业协同带动转变，由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。

③统筹城乡发展，推进建设社会主义新农村。

地位：农业、农村、农民问题，事关全面建设小康社会大局，是全党工作重中之重。 措施：A加强农业基础地位，走中国特色农业现代化道路。B建立以工促农、以城带乡的长效机制，形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局。

④加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力。

地位：坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，关系人民群众切身利益和中华民族生存发展。

要求：必须把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置。

⑤推动区域协调发展，缩小发展差距。

措施：继续区域发展总体战略，深入推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展

第14篇：高一生物必修一知识点总结(最新版)

生物必修一知识点(最新版)

第一章走近细胞

第一节从生物圈到细胞

知识梳理：

1病毒没有细胞结构，但必须依赖(活细胞)才能生存。

2生命活动离不开细胞，细胞是生物体结构和功能的(基本单位)。

3生命系统的结构层次：(细胞)、(组织)、(器官)、(系统)、(个体)、(种群)(群落)、(生态系统)、(生物圈)。

4血液属于(组织)层次，皮肤属于(器官)层次。

5植物没有(系统)层次，单细胞生物既可化做(个体)层次，又可化做(细胞)层次。

6地球上最基本的生命系统是(细胞)。

7种群：在一定的区域内同种生物个体的总和。例：一个池塘中所有的鲤鱼。

8群落：在一定的区域内所有生物的总和。例：一个池塘中所有的生物。(不是所有的鱼)

9生态系统：生物群落和它生存的无机环境相互作用而形成的统一整体。

10以细胞代谢为基础的生物与环境之间的物质和能量的交换;以细胞增殖、分化为基础的生长与发育;以细胞内基因的传递和变化为基础的遗传与变异。

第二节细胞的多样性和统一性

知识梳理：

一、高倍镜的使用步骤(尤其要注意第1和第4步)

1 在低倍镜下找到物象，将物象移至(视野中央)，

2 转动(转换器)，换上高倍镜。

3 调节(光圈)和(反光镜)，使视野亮度适宜。

4 调节(细准焦螺旋)，使物象清晰。

二、显微镜使用常识

1调亮视野的两种方法(放大光圈)、(使用凹面镜)。

2高倍镜：物象(大)，视野(暗)，看到细胞数目(少)。

低倍镜：物象(小)，视野(亮)，看到的细胞数目(多)。

3 物镜：(有)螺纹，镜筒越(长)，放大倍数越大。

目镜：(无)螺纹，镜筒越(短)，放大倍数越大。

放大倍数越大 视野范围越小 视野越暗 视野中细胞数目越少 每个细胞越大

放大倍数越小 视野范围越大 视野越亮 视野中细胞数目越多 每个细胞越小

4放大倍数=物镜的放大倍数х目镜的放大倍数

5一行细胞的数目变化可根据视野范围与放大倍数成反比

计算方法：个数×放大倍数的比例倒数=最后看到的细胞数

如:在目镜10×物镜10×的视野中有一行细胞,数目是20个,在目镜不换物镜换成40×,那么在视野中能看见多少个细胞? 20×1/4=5

6圆行视野范围细胞的数量的变化可根据视野范围与放大倍数的平方成反比计算

如:在目镜为10×物镜为10×的视野中看见布满的细胞数为20个,在目镜不换物镜换成20×,那么在视野中我们还能看见多少个细胞? 20×(1/2)2=

5三、原核生物与真核生物主要类群：

原核生物：蓝藻，含有(叶绿素)和(藻蓝素)，可进行光合作用，属自养型生物。细菌：(球菌，杆菌，螺旋菌，乳酸菌);放线菌：(链霉菌)支原体，衣原体，立克次氏体

真核生物：动物、植物、真菌：(青霉菌，酵母菌，蘑菇)等

四、细胞学说

1创立者：(施莱登，施旺)

2细胞的发现者及命名者：英国科学家 罗伯特?虎克

3内容要点：P10，共三点

4揭示问题：揭示了(细胞统一性，和生物体结构的统一性)。

五、真核细胞和原核细胞的比较(表略，见笔记)

第二章组成细胞的元素和化合物

第一节细胞中的元素和化合物

知识梳理：

统一性：元素种类大体相同

1、生物界与非生物界

差异性：元素含量有差异

2、组成细胞的元素

微量元素： Zn、Mo、Cu、B、Fe、Mn(口诀：新木桶碰铁门)主要元素：C、H、O、N、P、S

含量最高的四种元素：C、H、O、N基本元素：C(干重下含量最高)

质量分数最大的元素：O(鲜重下含量最高)

3组成细胞的化合物

水(含量最高的化合物)

无机化合物

无机

盐脂质

有机化合物 蛋白质(干重中含量最高的化合物)

核酸

糖类

4检测生物组织中糖类、脂肪和蛋白质

(1)还原糖的检测和观察

常用材料：苹果和梨试剂：斐林试剂(甲液：0.1g/ml的NaOH 乙液：0.05g/ml的CuSO4)

注意事项：①还原糖有葡萄糖，果糖，麦芽糖②甲乙液必须等量混合均匀后再加入样液中，现配现用

③必须用水浴加热

颜色变化：浅蓝色 棕色 砖红色

(2)脂肪的鉴定

常用材料：花生子叶或向日葵种子

试剂：苏丹Ⅲ或苏丹Ⅳ染液

注意事项：

①切片要薄，如厚薄不均就会导致观察时有的地方清晰，有的地方模糊。

②酒精的作用是：洗去浮色

③需使用显微镜观察

④使用不同的染色剂染色时间不同

颜色变化：橘黄色或红色

(3)蛋白质的鉴定

常用材料：鸡蛋清，黄豆组织样液，牛奶

试剂：双缩脲试剂(A液：0.1g/ml的NaOH B液： 0.01g/ml的CuSO4 )

注意事项：

①先加A液1ml，再加B液4滴

②鉴定前，留出一部分组织样液，以便对比

颜色变化：变成紫色

(4)淀粉的检测和观察

常用材料：马铃薯

试剂：碘液颜色变化：变蓝

第二节 生命活动的主要承担者——蛋白质

一 氨基酸及其种类

氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单位(或单体)。

结构要点：每种氨基酸都至少含有一个氨基(-NH2)和一个羧基(-COOH)，并且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上。氨基酸的种类由R基(侧链基团)决定。

二 蛋白质的结构

氨基酸，二肽 ，三肽，多肽， 多肽链 (一条或若干条多肽链盘曲折叠)， 蛋白质

氨基酸分子相互结合的方式：脱水缩合一个氨基酸分子的氨基和另一个氨基酸分子的羧基相连接，同时失去一分子的水。

连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键叫做肽键三 蛋白质的功能

1.构成细胞和生物体结构的重要物质(肌肉毛发)

2.催化细胞内的生理生化反应)

3.运输载体(血红蛋白)

4.传递信息，调节机体的生命活动(胰岛素)

5.免疫功能( 抗体)

四 蛋白质分子多样性的原因

构成蛋白质的氨基酸的种类，数目，排列顺序，以及空间结构不同导致蛋白质结构多样性。蛋白质结构多样性导致蛋白质的功能的多样性。

规律方法 R

1、构成生物体的蛋白质的20种氨基酸的结构通式为： NH2-C-COOH

根据R基的不同分为不同的氨基酸。 H

氨基酸分子中，至少含有一个-NH2和一个-COOH位于同一个C原子上，由此可以判断是否属于构成蛋白质的氨基酸。

2、n个氨基酸脱水缩合形成m条多肽链时，共脱去(n-m)个水分子，形成(n-m)个肽键，至少存在m个-NH2和m个-COOH，形成的蛋白质的分子量为n?氨基酸的平均分子量-18(n-m)

3、氨基酸数=肽键数+肽链数

4、蛋白质总的分子量=组成蛋白质的氨基酸总分子量-脱水缩合反应脱去的水的总分子量

第三节 遗传信息的携带者——核酸

DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)

一 核酸的分类

RNA(核糖核酸)

DNA与RNA组成成分比较(见附表)

二、核酸的结构

基本组成单位—核苷酸核苷酸由一分子五碳糖、一分子磷酸、一分子含氮碱基组成)

(1)DNA的基本单位脱氧核糖核苷酸

(2)RNA的基本单位核糖核苷酸

核酸中的相关计算：

(1)若是在含有DNA和RNA的生物体中，则碱基种类为5种;核苷酸种类为8种。

(2)DNA的碱基种类为4种;脱氧核糖核苷酸种类为4种。

(3)RNA的碱基种类为4种;核糖核苷酸种类为4种。

化学元素组成：C、H、O、N、P

三、核酸的功能核酸是细胞内携带遗传信息的物质，在生物体的遗传、变异和蛋白质的生物合成中具有极其重要的作用。

核酸在细胞中的分布观察核酸在细胞中的分布：

材料：人的口腔上皮细胞

试剂：甲基绿、吡罗红混合染色剂注意事项：

盐酸的作用：?改变细胞膜的通透性，加速染色剂进入细胞，同时使染色体中的DNA与蛋白质分离，有利于DNA与染色剂结合。

现象：

甲基绿将细胞核中的DNA染成绿色，

吡罗红将细胞质中的RNA染成红色。

DNA是细胞核中的遗传物质，此外，在线粒体和叶绿体中也有少量的分布。

RNA主要存在于细胞质中，少量存在于细胞核中。

第四节 细胞中的糖类和脂质细胞中的糖类——主要的能源物质

糖类的分类，分布及功能：

种类 分布 功能

单糖 五碳糖

核糖(C5H10O4) 细胞中都有 组成RNA的成分

脱氧核糖(C5H10O5) 细胞中都有 组成DNA的成分

六碳糖(C6H12O6)

葡萄糖 细胞中都有 主要的能源物质

果糖 植物细胞中 提供能量

半乳糖 动物细胞中 提供能量

二糖(C12H22O11)

麦芽糖 发芽的小麦、谷控中含量丰富 都能提供能量

蔗糖 甘蔗、甜菜中含量丰富

乳糖 人和动物的乳汁中含量丰富

多糖(C6H10O5)n

淀粉 植物粮食作物的种子、变态根或茎等储藏器官中 储存能量

纤维素 植物细胞的细胞壁中 支持保护细胞

肝糖原

糖原

肌糖原 动物的肝脏中 储存能量调节血糖

动物的肌肉组织中 储存能量

细胞中的脂质脂质的分类

脂肪：储能，保温，缓冲减压

磷脂：构成细胞膜和细胞器膜的主要成分

胆固醇

固醇 性激素

维生素D

脂质的分类，分布及功能

1脂肪(C、H、O)存在人和动物体内的皮下，大网膜和肠系膜等部位。动物细胞中良好的储能物质与糖类相同质量的脂肪储存能量是糖类的2倍。

功能：①保温②减少内部器官之间摩擦③缓冲外界压力

2磷脂构成细胞膜以及各种细胞器膜重要成分。

分布：人和动物的脑、卵细胞、肝脏、大豆的种子中含量丰富。

3固醇

包括：①胆固醇------构成细胞膜重要成分;参与人体血液中脂质的运输。

②性激素------促进人和动物生殖器官的发育以及生殖细胞的形成，激发并维持第二性征

③维生素D------促进人和动物肠道对Ca和P的吸收。

单体和多聚体的概念：生物大分子如蛋白质是由许多氨基酸连接而成的。核酸是由许多核苷酸连接而成的。

氨基酸、核苷酸、单糖分别是蛋白质、核酸和多糖的单体，而这些大分子分别是单体的多聚体

生物大分子的形成：C形成4个化学键 → 成千上万原子形成 → 碳链 → 单体 → 生物大分子

第五节 细胞中的无机物

细胞中的水包括

结合水：细胞结构的重要组成成分

自由水：细胞内良好溶剂 运输养料和废物

许多生化反应有水的参与

自由水与结合水的关系：自由水和结合水可相互转化

细胞含水量与代谢的关系

代谢活动旺盛，细胞内自由水水含量高;代谢活动下降，细胞中结合水水含量高。

细胞中的无机盐

细胞中大多数无机盐以离子的形式存在

无机盐的作用：

1.细胞中许多有机物的重要组成成分2.维持细胞和生物体的生命活动有重要作用

3.维持细胞的酸碱平衡 4.维持细胞的渗透压

部分无机盐的作用

缺碘：地方性甲状腺肿大(大脖子病)、呆小症

缺钙：抽搐、软骨病，儿童缺钙会得佝偻病，老年人会骨质疏松

缺铁：缺铁性贫血

附表

类别 DNA RNA

基本单位 脱氧核糖核苷酸 核糖核苷酸

核苷酸 腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸

鸟嘌呤脱氧核苷酸

胞嘧啶脱氧核苷酸

胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸 腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸

鸟嘌呤核糖核苷酸

胞嘧啶核糖核苷酸

尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸

碱基 腺嘌呤(A)鸟嘌呤(G)

胞嘧啶(C)胸腺嘧啶(T) 腺嘌呤(A)鸟嘌呤(G)

胞嘧啶(C)尿嘧啶(U)

五碳糖 脱氧核糖 核糖

磷酸 磷酸 磷酸

第五章 细胞的基本结构

第一节 细胞膜——系统的边界知识网络：

1、研究细胞膜的常用材料：人或哺乳动物成熟红细胞

2、细胞膜主要成分：脂质和蛋白质，还有少量糖类

细胞膜成分特点：脂质中磷脂最丰富，功能越复杂的细胞膜，蛋白质种类和数量越多

3、细胞膜功能：

①将细胞与环境分隔开，保证细胞内部环境的相对稳定

②控制物质出入细胞

③进行细胞间信息交流

一、制备细胞膜的方法(实验)

原理：渗透作用(将细胞放在清水中，水会进入细胞，细胞涨破，内容物流出，得到细胞膜)

选材：人或其它哺乳动物成熟红细胞

原因：因为材料中没有细胞核和众多细胞器

提纯方法：差速离心法

细节：取材用的是新鲜红细胞稀释液(血液加适量生理盐水)

二、与生活联系：

细胞癌变过程中，细胞膜成分改变，产生甲胎蛋白(AFP)，癌胚抗原(CEA)

三、细胞壁成分

植物：纤维素和果胶

原核生物：肽聚糖

作用：支持和保护

四、细胞膜特性：

结构特性：流动性

举例：(变形虫变形运动、白细胞吞噬细菌)

功能特性：选择透过性

举例：(腌制糖醋蒜，红墨水测定种子发芽率，判断种子胚、胚乳是否成活)

五、细胞膜其它功能：维持细胞内环境稳定、分泌、吸收、识别、免疫

第二节 细胞器——系统内的分工合作

一、细胞器之间分工

(1)双层膜

叶绿体：存在于绿色植物细胞，光合作用场所

线粒体：有氧呼吸主要场所

(2)单层膜

内质网：细胞内蛋白质合成和加工，脂质合成的场所

高尔基体：对蛋白质进行加工、分类、包装

液泡：植物细胞特有，调节细胞内环境，维持细胞形态

溶酶体：分解衰老、损伤细胞器，吞噬并杀死侵入细胞的病毒或病菌

(3)无膜

核糖体：合成蛋白质的主要场所

中心体：与细胞有丝分裂有关

二、分泌蛋白的合成和运输

核糖体 内质网 高尔基体 细胞膜

(合成肽链)(加工成蛋白质) (进一步加工)(囊泡与细胞膜融合，蛋白质释放)

三、生物膜系统

1、概念：细胞膜、核膜，各种细胞器的膜共同组成的生物膜系统

2、作用： 使细胞具有稳定内部环境物质运输、能量转换、信息传递

为各种酶提供大量附着位点，是许多生化反应的场所，把各种细胞器分隔开，保证生命活动高效、有序进行。

1、细胞膜的化学成分是什么?

2、为获得纯净的细胞膜，应选取什么材料做实验?理由是什么?

3、欲使细胞破裂，对所选材料进行的处理方法是什么?

4、细胞膜的功能是什么?

5、细胞壁的主要成分是什么?其作用是什么?

6、细胞膜的两个特性?

7、细胞器中具有双层膜结构的是什么?不具膜结构的是什么?

8、被称为“消化车间”的是哪种细胞器?

9、植物叶肉细胞里，都具有色素的一组细胞器是什么?

10、蛔虫的细胞内肯定没有哪种细胞器?这种细胞器的功能是什么?

11、动物细胞特有的细胞器是什么?功能是什么?

12、线粒体与叶绿体如何将能量转换的?

13、在动物细胞内，DNA分布在细胞的什么结构中?

14、与分泌蛋白合成和运输有关的细胞器是什么?分别有什么功能?

15、专一性染线粒体的活细胞染料是什么?使活细胞中的线粒体呈什么颜色?

16、细胞核有什么功能?

17、核孔、核仁有什么功能?

18、染色质的主要成分是什么?

19、染色质与染色体的关系是什么?

20、哪些细胞没有细胞核?

第四章细胞的物质输入和输出

第一节物质跨膜运输的实例

一、渗透作用

(1)渗透作用：指水分子(或其他溶剂分子)通过半透膜的扩散。

(2)发生渗透作用的条件：

①是具有半透膜

②是半透膜两侧具有浓度差。

二、细胞的吸水和失水(原理：渗透作用)

1、动物细胞的吸水和失水

外界溶液浓度

外界溶液浓度>细胞质浓度时,细胞失水皱缩

外界溶液浓度=细胞质浓度时,水分进出细胞处于动态平衡

2、植物细胞的吸水和失水

细胞内的液体环境主要指的是液泡里面的细胞液。

原生质层：细胞膜和液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质

外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离

外界溶液浓度

外界溶液浓度=细胞液浓度时就，水分进出细胞处于动态平衡

中央液泡大小 原生质层位置 细胞大小

蔗糖溶液 变小 脱离细胞壁 基本不变

清水 逐渐恢复原来大小 恢复原位 基本不变

1、质壁分离产生的条件：

(1)具有大液泡

(2)具有细胞壁

(3)外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度

2、质壁分离产生的原因：

内因：原生质层伸缩性大于细胞壁伸缩性

外因：外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度

1、植物吸水方式有两种：

(1)吸帐作用(未形成液泡)如：干种子、根尖分生区

(2)渗透作用(形成液泡)

一、物质跨膜运输的其他实例

1、对矿质元素的吸收

逆相对含量梯度——主动运输

对物质是否吸收以及吸收多少，都是由细胞膜上载体的种类和数量决定。

2、细胞膜是一层选择透过性膜，水分子可以自由通过，一些离子和小分子也可以通过，而其他的离子、小分子和大分子则不能通过。

二、比较几组概念

扩散：物质从高浓度到低浓度的运动叫做扩散(扩散与过膜与否无关)

(如：O2从浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方运动)

渗透：水分子或其他溶剂分子通过半透膜的扩散又称为渗透

(如：细胞的吸水和失水，原生质层相当于半透膜)

半透膜：物质的透过与否取决于半透膜孔隙直径的大小

(如：动物膀胱、玻璃纸、肠衣、鸡蛋的卵壳膜等)

选择透过性膜：细胞膜上具有载体，且不同生物的细胞膜上载体种类和数量不同，构成了对不同物质吸收与否和吸收多少的选择性。

(如：细胞膜等各种生物膜)

第二节 生物膜的流动镶嵌模型

一、探索历程

二、流动镶嵌模型的基本内容

▲磷脂双分子层构成了膜的基本支架

▲蛋白质分子有的镶嵌在磷脂双分子层表面，有的部分或全部嵌入磷脂双分子层中，有的横跨整个磷脂双分子层

▲磷脂双分子层和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动糖蛋白(糖被)

组成：由细胞膜上的蛋白质与糖类结合形成。

作用：细胞识别、免疫反应、血型鉴定、保护润滑等。

第三节物质跨膜运输的方式

一、被动运输：物质进出细胞，顺浓度梯度的扩散，称为被动运输。

(1)自由扩散：物质通过简单的扩散作用进出细胞

(2)协助扩散：进出细胞的物质借助载体蛋白的扩散

二、主动运输：从低浓度一侧运输到高浓度一侧，需要载体蛋白的协助，同时还需要消耗细胞内化学反应所释放的能量，这种方式叫做主动运输。

方向 载体 能量 举例

自由扩散 高→低 不需要 不需要 水、CO

2、O

2、N

2、乙醇、甘油、苯、脂肪酸、维生素等

协助扩散 高→低 需要 不需要 葡萄糖进入红细胞

主动运输 低→高 需要 需要 氨基酸、K+、Na+、Ca+等离子、葡萄糖进入小肠上皮细胞

三、大分子物质进出细胞的方式：胞吞、胞吐

第五章细胞的能量供应和利用

第一节降低反应活化能的酶

一、细胞代谢与酶

1、细胞代谢的概念：细胞内每时每刻进行着许多化学反应，统称为细胞代谢.

2、酶的发现：发现过程，发现过程中的科学探究思想，发现的意义

3、酶的概念：酶是活细胞产生的具有催化作用的有机物，绝大多数是蛋白质，少数是RNA。

4、酶的特性：专一性，高效性，作用条件较温和

5、活化能：分子从常态转变为容易发生化学反应的活跃状态所需要的能量。

二、影响酶促反应的因素(难点)

1、底物浓度

2、酶浓度

3、PH值：过酸、过碱使酶失活

4、温度：高温使酶失活。低温降低酶的活性，在适宜温度下酶活性可以恢复。

三、实验

1、比较过氧化氢酶在不同条件下的分解(过程见课本P79)

实验结论：酶具有催化作用，并且催化效率要比无机催化剂Fe3+高得多

控制变量法：变量、自变量、因变量、无关变量的定义。

对照实验：除一个因素外，其余因素都保持不变的实验。

2、影响酶活性的条件(要求用控制变量法，自己设计实验)

建议用淀粉酶探究温度对酶活性的影响，用过氧化氢酶探究PH对酶活性的影响。

第二节细胞的能量“通货”——ATP

一、什么是ATP?是细胞内的一种高能磷酸化合物，中文名称叫做三磷酸腺苷

二、结构简式：A-P~P~P A代表腺苷 P代表磷酸基团 ～代表高能磷酸键

三、ATP和ADP之间的相互转化

ADP + Pi+ 能量 ATP

ATP ADP + Pi+ 能量

ADP转化为ATP所需能量来源：

动物和人：呼吸作用

绿色植物：呼吸作用、光合作用

第三节ATP 的主要来源——细胞呼吸

1、概念：有机物在细胞内经过一系列的氧化分解，生成二氧化碳或其他产物，释放出能量并生成ATP的过程。

2、有氧呼吸

总反应式：C6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 +6H2O +大量能量

第一阶段：细胞质基质 C6H12O6 2丙酮酸+少量[H]+少量能量

第二阶段：线粒体基质 2丙酮酸+6H2O 6CO2+大量[H] +少量能量

第三阶段：线粒体内膜 24[H]+6O2 12H2O+大量能量

3、无氧呼吸产生酒精：C6H12O6 2C2H5OH+2CO2+少量能量

发生生物：大部分植物，酵母菌

产生乳酸：C6H12O6 2乳酸+少量能量

发生生物：动物，乳酸菌，马铃薯块茎，玉米胚

反应场所：细胞质基质注意：无机物的无氧呼吸也叫发酵，生成乳酸的叫乳酸发酵，生成酒精的叫酒精发酵

讨论：

1 有氧呼吸及无氧呼吸的能量去路

有氧呼吸：所释放的能量一部分用于生成ATP，大部分以热能形式散失了。

无氧呼吸：能量小部分用于生成ATP，大部分储存于乳酸或酒精中

2 有氧呼吸过程中氧气的去路：氧气用于和[H]生成水

第四节 能量之源——光与光合作用

一、捕获光能的色素

叶绿素a(蓝绿色)

叶绿素

叶绿素b (黄绿色)

绿叶中的色素 胡萝卜素 (橙黄色) 类胡萝卜素 叶黄素(黄色)

叶绿素主要吸收红光和蓝紫光，类胡萝卜素主要吸收蓝紫光。

白光下光合作用最强，其次是红光和蓝紫光，绿光下最弱。

二、实验——绿叶中色素的提取和分离

1 实验原理：绿叶中的色素都能溶解在层析液中，且他们在层析液中的溶解度不同，溶解度高的随层析液在滤纸上扩散得快，绿叶中的色素随着层析液在滤纸上的扩散而分离开。

2 方法步骤中需要注意的问题：(步骤要记准确)

(1)研磨时加入二氧化硅和碳酸钙的作用是什么?

二氧化硅有助于研磨得充分，碳酸钙可防止研磨中的色素被破坏。

(2)实验为何要在通风的条件下进行?为何要用培养皿盖住小烧杯?用棉塞塞紧试管口?

因为层析液中的丙酮是一种有挥发性的有毒物质。

(3)滤纸上的滤液细线为什么不能触及层析液?

防止细线中的色素被层析液溶解

(4)滤纸条上有几条不同颜色的色带?其排序怎样?宽窄如何?

有四条色带，自上而下依次是橙黄色的胡萝卜素，黄色的叶黄素，蓝绿色的叶绿素a，黄绿色的叶绿素b。最宽的是叶绿素a，最窄的是胡萝卜素。

三、捕获光能的结构——叶绿体

结构：外膜，内膜，基质，基粒(由类囊体构成)

与光合作用有关的酶分布于基粒的类囊体及基质中。

光合作用色素分布于类囊体的薄膜上。

四、光合作用的原理

1、光合作用的探究历程

2、光合作用的过程： (熟练掌握课本P103下方的图)

总反应式：CO2+H2O (CH2O)+O2 ，其中(CH2O)表示糖类。

根据是否需要光能，可将其分为光反应和暗反应两个阶段。

光反应阶段：必须有光才能进行

场所：类囊体薄膜上

反应式：

水的光解：H2O 1/2O2+2[H]

ATP形成：ADP+Pi+光能 ATP

光反应中，光能转化为ATP中活跃的化学能

暗反应阶段：有光无光都能进行

场所：叶绿体基质

CO2的固定：CO2+C5 2C3

C3的还原：2C3+[H]+ATP (CH2O)+C5+ADP+Pi

暗反应中，ATP中活跃的化学能转化为(CH2O)中稳定的化学能

联系：

光反应为暗反应提供ATP和[H]，暗反应为光反应提供合成ATP的原料ADP和Pi

五、影响光合作用的因素及在生产实践中的应用

(1)光对光合作用的影响

①光的波长

叶绿体中色素的吸收光波主要在红光和蓝紫光。

②光照强度

植物的光合作用强度在一定范围内随着光照强度的增加而增加，但光照强度达到一定时，光合作用的强度不再随着光照强度的增加而增加

③光照时间

光照时间长，光合作用时间长，有利于植物的生长发育。

(2)温度

温度低，光和速率低。随着温度升高，光合速率加快，温度过高时会影响酶的活性，光和速率降低。

生产上白天升温，增强光合作用，晚上降低室温，抑制呼吸作用，以积累有机物。

(3)CO2浓度

在一定范围内，植物光合作用强度随着CO2浓度的增加而增加，但达到一定浓度后，光合作用强度不再增加。

生产上使田间通风良好，供应充足的CO2

(4)水分的供应当植物叶片缺水时，气孔会关闭，减少水分的散失，同时影响CO2进入叶内，暗反应受阻，光合作用下降。

生产上应适时灌溉，保证植物生长所需要的水分。

六、化能合成作用

概念：自然界中少数种类的细菌，虽然细胞内没有叶绿素，不能进行光合作用，但是能够利用体外环境中的某些无机物氧化时所释放的能量来制造有机物，这种合成作用，叫做化能合成作用，这些细菌也属于自养生物。

如：硝化细菌，不能利用光能，但能将土壤中的NH3氧化成HNO2，进而将HNO2氧化成HNO3。

硝化细菌能利用这两个化学反应中释放出来的化学能，将CO2和水合成为糖类，这些糖类可供硝化细菌维持自身的生命活动.

举例：硝化细菌、硫细菌、铁细菌、氢细菌

自养型生物：绿色植物、光合细菌、化能合成性细菌

异养型生物：动物、人、大多数细菌、真菌

第6章细胞的生命历程

第1节细胞的增殖

一、限制细胞长大的原因

1、细胞表面积与体积的比。

2、细胞的核质比

二、细胞增殖

1.细胞增殖的意义：生物体生长、发育、繁殖和遗传的基础

2.真核细胞分裂的方式：有丝分裂、无丝分裂、减数分裂

(一)、细胞周期

(1)概念：指连续分裂的细胞，从一次分裂完成时开始，到下一次分裂完成时为止。

(2)两个阶段：

分裂间期：从细胞在一次分裂结束之后到下一次分裂之前

分裂期：分为前期、中期、后期、末期

(3)特点：分裂间期所占时间长。

(二)植物细胞有丝分裂各期的主要特点：

1.分裂间期

特点：完成DNA的复制和有关蛋白质的合成

结果：每个染色体都形成两个姐妹染色单体，呈染色质形态

2.前期

特点：①出现染色体、出现纺锤体②核膜、核仁消失

染色体特点：

1、染色体散乱地分布在细胞中心附近。

2、每个染色体都有两条姐妹染色单体

3.中期

特点：①所有染色体的着丝点都排列在赤道板上 ②染色体的形态和数目最清晰

染色体特点：染色体的形态比较固定，数目比较清晰。故中期是进行染色体观察及计数的最佳时机。

4.后期

特点：①着丝点一分为二，姐妹染色单体分开，成为两条子染色体。并分别向两极移动。②纺锤丝牵引着子染色体分别向细胞的两极移动。这时细胞核内的全部染色体就平均分配到了细胞两极

染色体特点：染色单体消失，染色体数目加倍。

5.末期

特点：①染色体变成染色质，纺锤体消失。②核膜、核仁重现。③在赤道板位置出现细胞板，并扩展成分隔两个子细胞的细胞壁

植物细胞 动物细胞

前期纺锤体的来源：由两极发出的纺锤丝直接产生 由中心体周围产生的星射线形成。

末期细胞质的分裂：细胞中部出现细胞板形成新细胞壁将细胞隔开。 细胞中部的细胞膜向内凹陷使细胞缢裂

前期：膜仁消失显两体。中期：形定数晰赤道齐。

后期：点裂数加均两极。末期：膜仁重现失两体。

三、植物与动物细胞的有丝分裂的比较

不同点：

相同点：

1、都有间期和分裂期。分裂期都有前、中、后、末四个阶段。

2、分裂产生的两个子细胞的染色体数目和组成完全相同且与母细胞完全相同。染色体在各期的变化也完全相同。

3、有丝分裂过程中染色体、DNA分子数目的变化规律。动物细胞和植物细胞完全相同。

五、有丝分裂的意义：

将亲代细胞的染色体经过复制以后，精确地平均分配到两个子细胞中去。从而保持生物的亲代和子代之间的遗传性状的稳定性。

六、无丝分裂：

特点：在分裂过程中没有出现纺锤丝和染色体的变化。

例：蛙的红细胞

第二节细胞的分化

一、细胞的分化

(1)概念：在个体发育中，相同细胞的后代，在形态、结构和生理功能上发生稳定性差异的过程。

(2)过程：受精卵 增殖为多细胞 分化为组织、器官、系统 发育为生物体

(3)特点：持久性、稳定不可逆转性、普遍性

二、细胞全能性:

(1)体细胞具有全能性的原因

由于体细胞一般是通过有丝分裂增殖而来的，一般已分化的细胞都有一整套和受精卵相同的DNA分子，因此，分化的细胞具有发育成完整新个体的潜能。

(2)植物细胞全能性

高度分化的植物细胞仍然具有全能性。

例如：胡萝卜跟根组织的细胞可以发育成完整的新植株

(3)动物细胞全能性

高度特化的动物细胞，从整个细胞来说，全能性受到限制。但是，细胞核仍然保持着全能性。例如：克隆羊多莉

(4)全能性大小：受精卵>生殖细胞>体细胞

第三节 细胞的衰老和凋亡

一、细胞的衰老

1、个体衰老与细胞衰老的关系

单细胞生物体，细胞的衰老或死亡就是个体的衰老或死亡。

多细胞生物体，个体衰老的过程就是组成个体的细胞普遍衰老的过程。

2、衰老细胞的主要特征：

1)在衰老的细胞内水分 。

2)衰老的细胞内有些酶的活性 。

3)细胞内的 会随着细胞的衰老而逐渐积累。

4)衰老的细胞内 速度减慢，细胞核体积增大， 固缩，染色加深。

5) 通透性功能改变，使物质运输功能降低。

3、细胞衰老的学说：(1)自由基学说(2)端粒学说

二、细胞的凋亡

1、概念：由基因所决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程。

由于细胞凋亡受到严格的由遗传机制决定的程序性调控，所以也常常被称为细胞编程性死亡

2、意义：完成正常发育，维持内部环境的稳定，抵御外界各种因素的干扰。

3、与细胞坏死的区别：细胞坏死是在种种不利因素影响下，由于细胞正常代谢活动受损或中断引起的细胞损伤和死亡。

细胞凋亡是一种正常的自然现象。

第4节 细胞的癌变

1.癌细胞：细胞由于受到 的作用，不能正常地完成细胞分化，而形成了不受 有机体控制的、连续进行分裂的 细胞，这种细胞就是癌细胞。

2.癌细胞的特征：

(1)能够无限 。

(2)癌细胞的结构发生了变化。

(3)癌细胞的表面也发生了变化。癌细胞容易在有机体内分散转移的原因____________________________________

3.致癌因子的种类有三类： 。

4.细胞癌变的原因：致癌因子使细胞的原癌基因从 状态变为 状态。正常细胞转化为 。

第15篇：高一物理必修一知识点详细总结

高一物理 第一章 力

1． 重力：G = mg 2． 摩擦力：

（1） 滑动摩擦力：f = μFN 即滑动摩擦力跟压力成正比。

（2） 静摩擦力：①对一般静摩擦力的计算应该利用牛顿第二定律，切记不要乱用

f =μFN；②对最大静摩擦力的计算有公式：f = μFN （注意：这里的μ与滑动摩擦定律中的μ的区别,但一般情况下,我们认为是一样的）

3． 力的合成与分解：

（1） 力的合成与分解都应遵循平行四边形定则。

（2） 具体计算就是解三角形，并以直角三角形为主。

第二章 直线运动

1． 速度公式： vt = v0 + at ①

2． 位移公式： s = v0t + at2 ②

3． 速度位移关系式：mv

6.机械能守恒定律: mv + mgh1 = mv + mgh2

第16篇：高一语文必修一知识点总结2

高一语文必修一知识点总结：字词整理

一、给加点字注音

峥嵘 遏止 召唤 依偎 拣拾 炽热 颓圮 百舸 灰烬 摇曳 彳亍 桑梓 怪癖 摭拾 祈祷 磕绊 焦灼 涡流 教诲 犄角 澄澈 吝啬 纤巧 戕害 斟酌 憎厌 甫健 不啻 偌大 慰藉 骨骸 商榷 干瘪 妥帖 甄别 跋涉 水泵 钦佩 啮噬 吮吸 藐视 狭隘 思忖 墓冢 颐养 撩起 给予 累赘 横蛮 刹那 擂鼓 悄然 炫耀 惆怅 蒙蔽 巷道 粘着你

象弭 寰宇 肴馔 神裔 宅邸 眷念 静谧 奇诡 悲怆 矫饰 墟场 烙印 绮窗 搭讪 褪色 崎岖 田塍 匝 乾坤 谪居 翘首 蕞尔 濠水 屹立 憔悴 徘徊 澄澈 圈棚 烟垢 打夯 脂粉 铭刻 丰腴 赭色 月晕 恣意 臭鼬 粗犷 咆哮 豁口 迷眩 涟漪 嗥叫 蓊郁 沮丧 忧悒 惬意 莴苣 驯服 迸发 允诺 湍急 扳机 饿殍 艾蒿 什刹海 煊羊肉 乌桕树 大龙湫 嘎啦声 引吭试啼 气息屏窒 不屈不挠 恪尽职守 废寝忘食

战战兢兢 忐忑不安 妄自菲薄 日臻完善 自艾自怜

面面相觑 瞠目结舌 汗流浃背 冰冷成坨

靡室靡家 载饥载渴 忧心孔疚 小人所腓 熠熠闪光

魂牵梦萦 一饮一啜 铩羽而归 方兴未艾 窗临远阜

围炉煮茗 愤世嫉俗 曝背谈天 树枝槎桠

二、根据拼音写汉字

xiǎn狁 gū负 悠miǎo rú染 chà傺 dì造

发rân 迁xǐ 焦zào huáng惑 盘chán 耄diã wēi峨 tǎn露 余huī zhã居 xiāo遥 仓huáng

rïu合 châ退 àn淡 shǔ光 miâ视 rú动

王室靡gǔ 不huáng启居 四牡kuíkuí 贫困liáo倒

酒阑灯xiâ 低徊欷xū 根深dì固 hàn苑名流 hàn动人心 按nà不住 suǒ然无味 huǎng然大悟

烟波浩niǎo 相yìng成趣 风光yǐnǐ 美妙绝lún

胸jīn洒脱 直jiã了当 震天hàn地 千峰万hâ 暮雨xiāoxiāo 奔放不jī 毛骨sǒng然 司酒行shāng

气势pángbï 笑mīmī

tïng孔 玛nǎo 赤luǒ pánghuáng 麻bì niē造

迷wǎng 抹shā 沉miǎn 消qiǎn 闲xiá liáo廓 执zhuï juã择 晨xī chán绕 符lù 时máo

nì爱 chú形 áo翔 áo游 黯dǎn qìn园春

逊了一chïu 良chãn美景 gǒu延残chuǎn 丝丝入kîu

至高无shàng 硕大无pãng míng思苦想 ànbù就班

挥斥方qiú pūpū心跳 斑lán多彩 百无聊lài

疑dîu释然 一如jì往 完美无xiá 开天pì地

三、解释下列词语： 岁亦莫止 靡室靡家 靡使归聘 忧心孔疚 彼路斯何 青天碧落 侘傺 煊 蕞尔 离乡背井 怅寥廓 峥嵘岁月 挥斥方遒 粪土当年万户侯 彳亍 饿殍 其乐融融 激扬文字 摭拾 戕害 自艾自怜 安土重迁 休戚相关 衣锦还乡 功败垂成 想入非非 望洋兴叹 推陈出新 概莫能外 出类拔萃 真知灼见 怨天尤人 入不敷出 一概而论 音容笑貌 曝背谈天 铩羽而归 毛骨悚然 概莫能外 春风得意 两害相权取其轻 高一语文必修一知识点总结：字词整理

一、给加点字注音

峥嵘

遏止

召唤

依偎

拣拾

炽热

颓圮

百舸

灰烬

摇曳

彳亍

桑梓

怪癖

摭拾

祈祷

磕绊

焦灼

涡流

教诲

犄角

澄澈

吝啬

纤巧

戕害

斟酌

憎厌

甫健

不啻

偌大

慰藉

骨骸

商榷

干瘪

妥帖

甄别

跋涉

水泵

钦佩

啮噬

吮吸

藐视

狭隘

思忖

墓冢

颐养

撩起

给予

累赘

横蛮

刹那

擂鼓

悄然

炫耀

惆怅

蒙蔽

巷道

粘着你

象弭

寰宇

肴馔

神裔

宅邸

眷念

静谧

奇诡

悲怆

矫饰

墟场

烙印

绮窗

搭讪

褪色

崎岖

田塍

匝

乾坤

谪居

翘首

蕞尔

濠水

屹立

憔悴

徘徊

澄澈

圈棚

烟垢

打夯

脂粉

铭刻

丰腴

赭色

月晕

恣意

臭鼬

粗犷

咆哮

豁口

迷眩

涟漪

嗥叫

蓊郁

沮丧

忧悒

惬意

莴苣

驯服

迸发

允诺

湍急

扳机

饿殍

艾蒿

什刹海

煊羊肉

乌桕树

大龙湫

嘎啦声

引吭试啼

气息屏窒

不屈不挠

恪尽职守

废寝忘食

战战兢兢

忐忑不安

妄自菲薄

日臻完善

自艾自怜

面面相觑

瞠目结舌

汗流浃背

冰冷成坨

靡室靡家

载饥载渴

忧心孔疚

小人所腓

熠熠闪光

魂牵梦萦

一饮一啜

铩羽而归

方兴未艾

窗临远阜

围炉煮茗

愤世嫉俗

曝背谈天

树枝槎桠

二、根据拼音写汉字

xiǎn狁

gū负

悠miǎo rú染

chà傺

dì造

发rân

迁xǐ

焦zào

huáng惑

盘chán

耄diã

wēi峨

tǎn露

余huī

zhã居

xiāo遥

仓huáng

rïu合

châ退

àn淡

shǔ光

miâ视

rú动

王室靡gǔ

不huáng启居

四牡kuíkuí

贫困liáo倒

酒阑灯xiâ

低徊欷xū

根深dì固

hàn苑名流

hàn动人心

按nà不住

suǒ然无味

huǎng然大悟

烟波浩niǎo

相yìng成趣

风光yǐnǐ

美妙绝lún

胸jīn洒脱

直jiã了当

震天hàn地

千峰万hâ

暮雨xiāoxiāo

奔放不jī

毛骨sǒng然

司酒行shāng

气势pángbï

笑mīmī

tïng孔

玛nǎo

赤luǒ

pánghuáng

麻bì

niē造

迷wǎng

抹shā

沉miǎn

消qiǎn

闲xiá

liáo廓

执zhuï

juã择

晨xī

chán绕

符lù

时máo

nì爱

chú形

áo翔

áo游

黯dǎn

qìn园春

逊了一chïu

良chãn美景

gǒu延残chuǎn

丝丝入kîu

至高无shàng

硕大无pãng

míng思苦想

ànbù就班

挥斥方qiú

pūpū心跳

斑lán多彩

百无聊lài

疑dîu释然

一如jì往

完美无xiá

开天pì地 文言文知识总结

高一语文必修一知识点总结：

常见虚词用法

以

余以乾隆三十九年十二月(在)

余始循以入(表顺承，相当于‘‘而”)

回视日观以西峰(和“上“‘下”等连用，表示时间、方位、数量的界线)

自唐显庆以来(表示时间、方位、数量的界线)

是时以大中72抚吴者为魏之私人(介词，凭借„„身份)

夫夷以近，则游者众(并列关系)

余与四人拥火以人(顺承关系，前者是后者的方式或手段)

以其求思之深而无不在也(因为，连词)

则思无以怒而滥刑(因为，介词)

盖在殷忧，必竭诚以待下将有作，则思知止以安人(来)

虽董之以严刑 方其系燕王父子以组(用)

故临崩寄臣以大事也(把)

与其所以失之者(介词、与“所”组成“„„的原因”)

可以知之矣(介词，“凭借”)

于

其皆出于此乎 又杂植兰桂竹木于庭(在)

室西连于中闺(和)

师不必贤于弟子 其制稍异于前(比)

而耻学于师(向) 不拘于时(被)

或

或曰：六国互丧，率路秦耶或曰：此东海也(有人，代词)

或以为死，或以为亡(有的„„有的)

胜负之数，存亡之理，当与秦相较，或末易量(也许)

或得日，或否(有的，代词)

残贼公行，莫之或止(常用在否定句中加强否定语气)

然

而半山居雾若带然(名词词尾„„的样子”)

有穴密然 即今之像然在墓者也(形容词词尾，“„„的样子”)

然五人之当刑者，意气扬扬(不过，但是)

不然，令五人者保其首领以老于户腮之下 (这样，那样)

沛公然其计，从之(认为„„是对的)

然视其左右 然余居于此(然而连词)

之

佯狂不知所之者 (到、往、去，动词)

顷之(凑足音节)

吾妻死之年(那)

抚之甚厚(她)

师道之不传也久矣(用在主谓之间、取消独立性)

一、通假字。

1、虽有其槁暴，不复挺者。（有：同“又”.暴：同“曝”，晒干。）

2、木直中绳，輮以为轮。（輮：同“煣”，以火烘木，使其弯曲。）

3、师者，以是传道受业解惑也。（受：同“授”，教授。）

4、则知明而行无过矣。（知：同“智”，伶俐）

5、正人生非异也。（生：同“性”，先天，天资。）

6、或师焉，或不焉。（不：同“否”.）

7、浩浩乎如冯虚御风。（冯：同“凭”.）

8、自余为戮人。（戮：同“戮”，刑辱。）

9、意有所极，梦亦同趣。（趣：同“趋”，往，赴。）

10、山川相缪。（缪：同“缭”，连结，盘绕。）

11、举匏尊以相属。（尊：同“樽”，酒杯。）

二、词类活用。

（一）名词作动词。

1、其下贤人也亦远矣。（低于）

2、假舟楫者，非能水也。（游泳）

3、方其破荆州，下江陵。（攻占）

4、故为之文以志。（写文章）

5、外与天涯。（交会）

6、顺流而东。（东进）

7、卧而梦。（做梦）

（二）名词作状语。

1、正人博学而日参省乎己。（天天）

2、西望夏口，东望武昌。（向西，向东）

3、上食埃土，下饮黄泉。（向上，向下）

4、四望如一（名词用作状语，向四面；数词用作形容词，雷同）

5、月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。（向南）

6、日与其徒上高山。（天天）

（三）形容词作名词。

1、其曲中规。（弯曲的弧度）

2、吾未见其明也。（高明的地方）

3、萦青缭白。（青山，白水）

4、自远而至。（远处）

5、穷山之高而止。（顶点）

（四）形容词做动词。

1、不知东方之既白。（显出白色）

2、穷回溪。（走到终点）

3、穷山之高而止。（走到终点）

（五）使动用法。

1、舞幽壑之潜蛟。（使„„起舞）

2、泣孤舟之嫠妇。（使„„饮泣）

（六）意动用法。

1、而耻学于师。（以„„为耻。）。

2、始指异之。（以„„为异。）

3、吾从而师之。（以„„为师。）

4、孔子师郯子。（以„„为师。）

5、侣鱼虾而友糜鹿。（以„„为侣，以„„为友。）

第17篇：高一必修一知识点总结概述（推荐）

高一语文必修一知识点总结

（一）

第一单元——诗歌

一、单元教材及学习重点说明：

这个单元主要指导学生鉴赏中国新诗和外国诗歌。本单元有中国诗歌、外国诗歌，大都是广为传诵的名篇佳作。主题可以共用一个“情”字来概括：《沁园春长沙》中的革命豪情，《雨巷》中对丁香姑娘的朦胧爱情，《再别康桥》中对母校的绵绵别情，《错误》中闺中思妇对“归人”的怨情……情感“风景”可谓丰富多样。教学时，用“情”这根线串起这些看似各不相关的诗歌“珍珠”，学生必收获情感，启迪思想。

这个单元的鉴赏重点是情感与意象。情感与意象，既是指单元鉴赏重点，也可以说是诗歌鉴赏的主要方法，即：一方面要注意体会诗中表达的思想情感，另一方面要分析诗中运用的意象。下面分别说说这两个方面。

如何体会诗中的情感呢?尤其是如何把握比较含蓄甚至隐晦的诗歌如《雨巷》《断章》等表达的思想情感呢?可主要从了解诗歌的创作背景、诗人的思想生平和诗中运用的表现手法三个方面入手。欣赏技巧是重要的，但须提醒学生要有意识地增加生活阅历，不断提高自己的思想水平和文化修养，尤其要广泛阅读中外名诗，培养对诗的感受力和读诗的趣味。所谓“操千曲而后晓声，观千剑而后识器”(刘勰)说的就是这个道理。

意象是诗歌理论中一个非常重要的概念。“意”即欣赏者的心意、情志，“象”即形象、物象，意象即审美主体眼中的形象或心中的物象，是主体与客体的统一，有形与无形的统一。具体教学中，要注意区分诗中的描述性意象和比喻性意象(又称为实生活意象和象征性意象)。描述性意象或实生活意象，在《再别康桥》用得较多，如 “云彩”“金柳”“波光”“水草”“星辉”“夏虫”等，而像《雨巷》中的“丁香”“姑娘”、则为比喻性意象或象征性意象，它们表达的诗人思想情感丰富深刻，更吸引人，因而更值得揣摩、品味。

二、预习要点：

1、基础知识(字音、字形、词语)。

2、按要求朗诵。

3、诗歌的写作背景和诗人的经历。

4、相关的文学常识。

5、分析意象;发挥想像;感受真情;陶冶性情。

6、背诵：《沁园春 长沙》，《雨巷》，《再别康桥》

第二单元──古代记叙散文：

一、单元教材及学习重点说明

掌握课文中常见的文言实词、文言虚词和文言句式，能理解词句含义，读懂课文，学习用现代观念审视作品的内容和思想倾向。

了解课文涉及的重要作家作品知识，了解中国文学发展简况。

能使用多种语文工具书，利用多种媒体，搜集和处理信息。

学习这个单元要注意，不可拔苗助长地提升学习目标。从一定意义上说，读懂、读通仍是主要的教学任务，也就是说首先要扫清语言文字障碍，在此基础上再把握文章主题或中心思想，体会作者的情感态度，然后登堂入室，顾及其他目标。不能忽略基本训练而一味地进行玄妙的“探究”，那是违背文言文教学规律的。

二、预习要点：

1.朗读背诵;《荆轲刺秦王》

附背诵部分：

《荆轲刺秦王》

太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。至易水上，既祖，取道。高渐离击筑，荆轲和而歌，为变徵之声，士皆垂泪涕泣。又前而为歌曰：“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还!”复为慷慨羽声，士皆瞋目，发尽上指冠。于是荆轲遂就车而去，终已不顾。

2.概括要点;

3.提取精要;

4.培养语感;。

第三单元──现当代写人记事散文：

一、单元教材及学习重点说明

这个单元的课文都是写人记事的佳作。它们都是回忆性、纪念性的文章，大体上可以分成两类，一是写悲惨、忧伤之事，表愤怒、悲悼之情，发深邃、邈远之思(《记念刘和珍君》《小狗包弟》);二是写伟人、名人之事，表赞美、颂扬之情，传活泼、幽默之趣(《记梁任公先生的一次演讲》)。这些课文都包含丰富深刻的思想感情，揭示人生哲理，可以引导学生深入体会、咀嚼，带来广阔的思维空间和丰富的人生体验，也可以获得丰富的语感和写作的启示。

学习本单元写人记事的散文，既要学习品人，又要学习品文。品评人物，要以性格、品质为关注点。例如梁实秋笔下的梁启超显示出豪爽的性格，汪曾祺笔下的金岳霖显示出真率的性格。有时人物的性格是多种因素构成的，如刘和珍既是温和的又是英勇的。品评人物，不仅要注意人物的外貌言行，还要注意探究人物的内心世界。人物的外貌言行容易描画，人物的内心世界则难于准确地把握，而高明的作家则擅长此道，如巴金坦陈深藏的心迹，从“忏悔”入笔，写出了一个大作家的丰富复杂的内心世界。品评人物，要注意人物性格中的时代因素，将对人物的分析，与对时代背景的分析相结合。如刘和珍身上具有那个时代的进步青年的执著追求精神和英勇献身精神，这是和平年代的青年所没有的特点;巴金自我解剖自己身上的一些特点或弱点，也体现历史和时代留在作家身上的特殊印记。

品文，就是品赏文章(在这里是散文)的一般作法、特殊技巧和语言艺术。以前语文课堂上习得的方法仍可沿用，在本册第一单元里学到的欣赏诗歌的方法也可灵活运用于本单元。本单元品文的内容大致包括：赏析写人技巧，如刻画人物的外貌，描写人物的心理活动;赏析叙事技巧，如与人物相关的材料的详略安排，叙述的先后次序，记叙，描写，议论，抒情……还有其他一些技巧，如修辞方法，白描，渲染，直抒胸臆，正面描写，侧面描写……散文的语言艺术，也是学习这个单元要着重揣摩和赏析的。就像诗歌的语言是艺术化的语言一样，散文的语言同样是艺术化的语言，散文的语言与诗歌的语言相比，具有不同的艺术趣味，从一定意义上说，散文的语言离学生常用的书面语言更近，这是胜于诗歌的语言之处。本单元的练习多有语言题，主要是从欣赏的角度来学习这些语言的，其实不限于这些语言题，在学习每篇课文的时候，都可以品味课文中精彩的和关键的语句，还可以仿写课文中的语句。有些课文作了评点示例，学生也试着评点课文，评点课文在很大程度上也就是赏析课文语言。

二、预习要点：

1.抓住细节;

2.分析个性;

3.体察倾向;

4.品评亮点;

5.圈点批注。

6.背诵：《记念刘和珍君》第

二、四节

第四单元──中外新闻报告文学：

一、单元教材及学习重点说明

本单元属于“沟通与应用”板块，学习新闻和报告文学，所选的都是这两类文体中的典范作品。这些作品强调真实性，及时准确地反映了方方面面的社会信息，从真实的生活出发，传达出时代的精神。

有两篇现场短新闻，记者在现场，以眼睛为“摄像机”，以耳朵为“录音机”，简笔勾勒出清晰可视的一个个场景、一幅幅画面。《别了，“不列颠尼亚”》记录了英国撤离香港，香港回归祖国这一重大历史事件，它选取了英国撤离香港的一系列场景，并把它们放在历史的背景中，使香港回归这一历史事件有了一种历史的纵深感;《奥斯维辛没有什么新闻》则打破客观报道的传统，直接讲述记者自己参观奥斯维辛集中营的所见所感。

报告文学《包身工》是中国报告文学史上划时代的作品，作者以铁的事实、精确的数据、精辟的分析和评论，把劳动强度最重、地位最低、待遇最差、痛苦最深的奴隶一样做工的女孩子们的遭遇公诸于世，愤怒控诉了帝国主义和买办势力的残酷剥削和掠夺中国工人的罪行。

通讯《飞向太空的航程》从“神舟5号”飞船发射成功写起，回顾了中国的载人航天史。在历史和现实的对照中，国人的喜悦和自豪显得更加凝重。

二、预习要点：

1、学习新闻作品：弄清新闻结构、新闻事实、新闻背景、客观叙述和主观评价，学会提取信息。

2、学习报告文学：联系时代背景，把握作者倾向，鉴赏叙事技巧，学会关注社会。

3、读写结合：评论新闻事实，思考社会问题。

高一语文必修一知识点总结

（二）

一、常见常用字的分辨

1.多音字的分辨

攒 攒射(cuán) 沓 拖沓(tà)

积攒(zǎn) 一沓(dá)

难以数计(shǔ) 便 便宜(pián)

数 数见不鲜(shuò) 方便(biàn)

数量(shù)芳 菲薄(fěi)

弄 弄堂(lòng)芳菲(fēi)

弄潮(nòng)给 给予(jǐ)

脉 脉搏(mài)给以(gěi)

脉脉含情(mò)孱 孱头(càn)

豁 豁然开朗(huò)孱弱(chán)

豁出去(huō)颤 颤抖(chàn)

参加(cān) 颤栗(zhàn)

参 人参(shēn) 参差(cēn) 抹杀(mǒ) 抹 抹布(mā) 倔 倔强(jué) 拐弯抹角(mò) 倔头倔脑(juè)擂 大吹大擂(léi) 栅 栅极(shān)擂台(lèi) 栅栏(zhà)俩 俩人(liǎ) 期 不期而遇(qī)伎俩(liǎng) 期年期月(jī)没 没齿难忘(mò) 塞 款塞入朝(sài)没有(méi) 塞住(sāi) 不塞不流(sè)屏 屏风(píng)屏息(bǐng) 单 单于(chán) 姓单(shàn) 处 处罚(chǔ) 骑 胡服骑射(qí) 怔 怔住(zhèng)处所(chù) 铁骑( jì) 怔忡(zhēng) 2形近字的分辨 荫庇(bì) 惴惴(zhuì) 瑕疵(cī) 揣摩(chuǎi)端详(duān) 刚愎自用(bì) 相悖(bèì) 心腹(fù) 脖颈(bó) 崎岖(qí) 众口铄金,矍铄(shuò) 倚马可待(yǐ) 闪烁(shuò) 骑兵(qí) 瓦砾(lì) 绮丽(qǐ)一诺千金(nuò) 淆乱乾坤(xiáo) 偌大(ruò) 肴馔(yáo)喏喏连声(nuò)半晌(shǎng) 不容置喙(huì) 响遏行云(xiǎng) 如椽大笔(chuán)军饷(xiǎng ) 缘木求鱼(yuán) 掾吏(yuàn) 绵亘(gèn)城垣(yuán) 气馁(něi)永恒(héng) 绥靖(suí)齐桓公(huán)肆无忌惮(dàn) 耸峙(zhì)殚精竭虑(dān) 持久(chí)邯郸(dān) 侍奉(shì)弹药(dàn) 恃才傲物(shì)箪食壶浆(dān)长篙(gāo) 汩汩(gǔ)枯槁(gǎo) 汨罗江(mì)缟素(gǎo) 频频(pín)稿酬(gǎo) 濒临(bīn)诅咒(zǔ) 沮丧(jǔ)狙击(jū) 咀嚼(jǔ 楔子(xiē) 朗照(lǎng)锲而不舍(qiè) 琅琅(láng)自诩(xǔ) 残羹冷炙(zhì)栩栩如生(xǔ) 针灸(jiǔ)翌日(yì) 一番(fān) 踱着(duó)藩篱(fān) 忖度(duó)蕃衍(fán)惦念(diàn) 蹩进(bié)掂量(diān) 一瞥(piē)踮脚(diǎn) 撇捺(piě)悼词(dào) 估量(gū)棹桨(zhào) 沽酒(gū)泥淖(nào) 怙恶不悛(hù)

二.常见常用字形的分辨

敞(敞)开 僻(僻静) 缀(点缀)敝(敝帚自珍) 避(躲避) 辍(辍学)蔽(遮蔽) 啜(啜泣) 弊(针砭时弊) 掇(拾掇)铄(众口铄金) 泻(倾泻) 倩(倩影)烁(闪烁) 泄(发泄) 靖(绥靖)砾(瓦砾).躁(烦躁) 靓(靓丽) 谐(和-谐)燥(枯燥、干燥) 婧(婧女) 楷(正楷)噪(噪音)辨(辨别) 采(神采) 髓(脑髓)辩(辩论) 彩(彩色) 隋(隋朝)蹩(蹩进、蹩脚 ) 镂(镂空) 晤(晤见)瞥(瞥见) 褛(褴褛) 梧(梧桐)缕(丝缕) 芜(芜杂) 嫉(嫉恨) 竟(竟然)怃(怃然) 疾(疾病) 竞(竞争)频(频繁) 嬉(嬉戏) 嘉(嘉宾)濒(濒临) 嘻(嘻嘻哈哈) 佳(佳丽)驿(驿站) 砺(砥砺) 遐(遐想) 绎(演绎) 厉(严厉) 暇(闲暇)怿(不怿) 寥(寂寥) 蔼(和蔼) 喋(喋血)廖(姓廖) 霭(暮霭) 谍(间谍) 牒(通牒)污(玷污) 黯(黯然) 囿(苑囿)诬(诬陷) 暗(暗淡) 宥(宽宥)殒(殒命) 弦(弦歌) 怯(怯懦)陨(陨落) 舷(舷窗) 祛(祛除)销(积毁销骨) 侍(侍奉) 宵(宵衣旰食)消(消化) 恃(恃才傲物) 霄(霄壤之别)悚(毛骨悚然)竦(竦身一摇)

三.词语解释

1.峥嵘：不平凡，不寻常。2.斑斓：色彩错杂灿烂的样子。 3.踟蹰：心里迟疑，要走不走的样子。 4.佝偻：脊背向前弯曲。 5.跫音：脚步声。 6.如愿以偿：像所希望的那样得到满足。指愿望实现。 7.深邃：深的;幽深。 8.幽僻：形容环境偏远、幽静。 9.羞涩：难为情，态度不自然。 10.袅娜：形容草木柔软细长;形容女子姿态优美。 11.风姿：风度、仪态。一般指美好的姿态。 12.倩影：美丽的影子。 13.蓊蓊郁郁：树木茂盛的样子。 14.婀娜：轻盈柔美貌。 15.宁谧：安静，安宁。 16.沧桑：比喻世事多变，人生无常;或喻世事变化的巨大迅速。 17.声名狼藉：形容名声极坏。 18.隽永：(言辞、诗文或其他事物)意味深长，引人如胜。 19.邂逅：不期而遇。 20.芜杂：多而杂乱，没有条理。 21.嫉恨：憎恨。 22.诽谤：造谣污蔑，恶意中伤。 23.诅咒：咒骂。 24.卓有成效：成绩、效果显著。 25.豁然开朗：豁然，宽敞的样子。形容由昏暗、窄小一变而为明亮宽敞;也形容一下子明白了某个道理。 26.义愤填膺：由正义而激发的愤怒充满心胸。 27.安之若素：(遇到不顺利或反常的情况等)安然相处，像平常一样对待。 28.民不聊生：人民没法生活。聊，依赖。 29.藏蛰(zhé)：躲藏，蛰伏。 30.端倪：①事物的眉目;头绪。②指推测事物的始末。 31.永葆生机：永远保持生机。 32.奚落：讥诮;讽刺。 33.不名一钱：形容极其贫穷，一个钱也没有。名，占有。 34.慰藉：安慰，抚慰。 35.安土重迁：在一个地方住惯，不肯轻易迁移。 36.亵渎：轻慢，冒犯。 37.杀一儆百：儆，警戒。杀一个人而使许多人引以为戒。 38.蹉跌：失足跌倒，比喻失误。

四.词语辨析

1.均匀•和-谐原句：光和影有着和-谐的旋律，如梵饿婀玲上奏着的名曲。(《荷塘月色》“均匀”是指分布或分配在各部分上的数量相当，多指时间或空间间隔。“和-谐’是指配合的适当，协调;或指和睦，融合

2.空中楼阁.海市蜃楼原句：这座空中楼阁占了地利，可以省去室内设计和其他的装饰。(《我的空中楼阁》) “空中楼阁”重在说明没有根基，脱离实际，根本不可能，它是幻想，可比喻脱离实际的理论、计划、空想等。“海市蜃楼”是幻景，可比喻易幻灭的“希望”“虚幻”的前景等。

3.意图.企图原句：我一下子就理解了它的意图。(〈〈我与地坛〉〉) “意图”，指希望达到某种目的的打算，名词;企图，指图谋、打算，动词，如：在这篇作品中，作者企图表现的主题并不突出。

4.领域.范畴原句：甚至在数学领域，都有独到的发现。(〈〈在马克思墓前讲话〉〉)二者都是名词,都可以指一定的范围.“领域”,可以指认识的范围,也可以用于一般的社会活动,使用范围较大.“范畴”,哲学术语,只能用在思维逻辑等方面,使用范围教小.如:本质和现象是唯物主义辨证法的基本范畴.

5.摸索.探索原句:由于剩余价值的发现,这里就豁然开朗了,而先前无论资产阶级经济学家或者社会主义批评家所做的一切研究,都只是在黑暗中探索.(《在马克思墓前的讲话》) “摸索”,指在不明方向.缺少经验的情况下一点一点地寻找,对象多为方向.门径.经验等.有“ 试探” 的意思.。“探索”，侧重进行深入的探究，试图发现，求得隐藏的事物，对象多为本质.根源.奥秘.规律等。书面语言色彩更为严浓厚。如：爱因斯坦的相对论使我们对宇宙的探索工作进入了一个全新的境界。

6.历程.里程原句：北大在长期发展和斗争里程中形成的爱国、进步、民-主、科学的光荣传统，显示的不断钻研、求实、创新、向上的优良学风，生动的体现了中国人民自强不息、开拓进取的民族精神。(《在庆祝北大建校一百周年大上的讲话》) “历程”指经历的过程。“里程”指发展的过程。

7.喧闹•喧哗•喧嚷•喧扰.•喧腾原句：这些声音不但不显得喧闹，倒显得胡同里更加安静了。(《胡同文化》)喧闹：喧哗且热闹，如：喧闹的城市。喧哗：声音大而杂乱，如：笑语喧哗。喧嚷：好些人大声地叫或说，如：人声喧嚷。喧腾：喧闹沸腾，如：工地一片喧腾。

8.安土重迁•安居乐业原句：住在胡同里的居民大都安土重迁，大不愿意搬家。(《胡同文化》)安土重迁：在一个地方住惯了，不肯轻易迁移。安居乐业：安定地生活，愉快地劳动。

9.微薄•浅薄原句：这条小溪并不像江河那样波澜滚滚，但对于需求浅薄的村民来说，已经绰有余裕。(《序言》 “微北，微小单薄，数量少;浅薄，指缺乏学识或修养，或指思想轻福。

高一语文必修一知识点总结

（三）

文言文知识网络

一.通假字

1.《烛之武退秦师》 夫晋，何厌之有 厌，通“餍”，满足。 若不阙秦皇岛 阙，通“缺”，损害。 秦伯说 说，通“悦”，高兴。 失其所与，不知 知，通“智”，明智。 共其乏困 共，通“供”，供给。 2.《勾践灭吴(节选)》 南至于句无 句，通“勾”。 将帅二三子夫妇以蕃 帅，通“率”。 将免者以告 免，通“娩”。 三月释其政 政，通“征”。 令壮者无取老妇 取，通“娶”。 亿有三千 有，通“又”。 其达士，洁其居，美其服，饱其食，而摩厉之于义魔厉，摩厉，通“磨砺”，切磋，磨炼。 国之孺子之游者，无不歠也铺，通“哺”，给人食物吃。歠，通“啜”，给人水喝。 3.《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》 孰视之 孰，通“熟”，仔细。 4.《触龙说赵太后》 少益耆食 耆，通“嗜”，喜爱。 必勿使反 反，通“返”。 5.《寡人之于国也》 颁白者不负戴于道路矣 颁，通“斑”。 直不百步耳 直，通“只”，只是，不过。 涂有饿莩 涂，通“途”，道路。 则无望民之多于邻国也 无，通“毋”，不要。 6.《劝学》 虽有槁暴 有，通“又”。 君子生非异也 生，通“性”，资质，禀赋。

二.古今异义

1.敢以烦执事古义：文中是对秦穆公的敬称，不敢直接称对方时的婉转说法。今义：掌管某些项事情(工作)(的人)，可用作动词或名词。 2.若舍郑以为东道主。古义：东方道路上的主人。今义：请客的主人。.3.行李之往来。古义：出使的人。今义：出门所带的包裹，箱子等。 4.微夫人之力不及此。古义：那个人。今义：尊称人的妻子。 5.然谋臣与爪牙之士。古义：像爪和牙一样，指帮助者或得力助手。今义：比喻坏人的党羽。 6.苟得闻子大夫之言。古义：古代官职，位于卿之下，士之上。今义：医生 7.以暴露百姓之骨于中原。 古义：死在野外尸体不能收殓埋葬。今义：隐蔽的事物，缺陷，矛盾，问题等显露出来。古义：原野。今义：指黄河中下游地区。 8.丈夫二十不龋古义：男子。今义：男女结婚后，男子是女子的丈夫。 9.今地方千里古义：土地方圆。今义：田地或疆域。 10.河内凶古义：谷物收成不好，荒年。今义：凶恶。 11.是使民养生葬死无憾也古义：供养活着的人。今义：保养身体。 12.邻国之民不加少古义：更。今义：增加。 13.君子博学而日参省乎己古义：音cān，验，检查。今义：探究并领会 14.假舆马者古义：借。今义：虚伪的，不真实的 15.蟹六跪而二螯古义：腿，蟹脚。今义：两腿弯曲，使一个或两个膝盖着地。 16.金就砺则利古义：金属，此代指金属制的刀剑等。今义：一种贵重金属

三.常见实词归类

1.〈〈烛之武退秦师〉〉 则名微而众寡(低微)微 微闻鼠有作作索索(隐隐地)见其发矢十中八-九，但微颔之(稍微，略微)微夫人之力不及此(如果没有)顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉(边远的地方)鄙 越国以鄙远，君知其难也(边疆，以…….为边疆)肉食者鄙，未能远谋(浅陋)及郡下，诣太守，说如此(陈述)说 故为之说，以俟夫观人风者得焉(杂说，一种文体)秦伯说，与郑人盟(通“悦”，喜欢，高兴) 辞曰：臣之壮也，犹不如人(推辞)辞 停数日，辞去(告别)不辞劳苦(推托)

2.〈〈勾践灭吴(节选)〉〉 寡人不知其力之不足也(知道)知 吾与之共知越国之政(主持) 孰为汝多知乎(通“智”) 山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村(繁复) 复 其有敢不尽力者乎?请复战(再)未若复吾赋不幸之甚也(恢复)果行，国人皆劝(鼓励)劝 劝君更尽一杯酒(劝说) 自杀未遂(实现，成功)遂 登轼而望之，曰：“可矣。”遂逐齐师(于是，就)遂使之行成于吴(最终)

3.〈〈邹忌讽齐王纳谏〉〉 今齐地方千里，百二十城(方圆)方 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎(地方)方欲行，转视积薪后，一狼洞其中(刚、正)我孰与城北徐公美(谁)孰 孰视之，自以为不如(通“熟”，仔细)是可忍。孰不可忍(什么)若有作奸犯科及忠善者(善良，善事) 王曰：“善。”(好，表示同意的应答词)善 择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之(好)京中有善口-技者(擅长)心之不虚，由好学之不诚也(诚意，真心)诚 臣诚知不如徐公美(副词，确实，实在)今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏(果真，表假设)燕、赵、韩、魏闻之，皆朝于齐(朝拜)朝 于是入朝见威王(朝廷)朝济而夕设版焉(早晨) 奉命于危难之间(期间) 数月之后，时时而间进(间或)间 肉食者谋之。又何间焉(参与)中间力拉崩倒之声，火爆声，呼呼风声，百千齐作(夹杂) 4.〈触龙说赵太后〉 不若长安君之甚(厉害) 由此观之，王之蔽甚矣(严重)甚 目似瞑，意暇甚(很)好读书不求甚解(仔细，深入)微夫人之力不及此(到)而不及今令有功于国(趁) 及 凡我父兄昆弟及国子姓(以及)徐公何能及君也(赶得上)少时，一狼径去(短时间)少 太后之色少解(稍微，略微)老臣贱息舒祺，最少，不肖(年龄小，shòo)太后笑曰：妇人异甚(特别) 异 渔人甚异之(以`````为异，对```````感到诧异)曰“姑俟异日观”云尔(另外的)永州之野产异蛇，黑质而白质(质地)质 于是为长安君约车百乘，质于齐(做抵押品，做人质)余立侍左右，援疑质理(询问) 5.〈寡人之于国也〉 非我也，兵也(兵器) 穷兵黩武(兵器，代指武力)兵 必以长安君为质，兵乃出(军队，部队)草木皆兵(士兵 )中通外直，不蔓不枝(与“弯”相对)直 直不百步耳，是亦直也(只，不过)理直气壮(公正的，正义的)系向牛头充炭直(通“值”，钱)百亩之田，勿夺其时(失去)夺 喧宾夺主(压倒) 6.〈劝学〉用心一也(因，由)又备经年裹物之用(用途，用处)用 兵精足用，英雄乐业(物资财用)愿早定大计，莫用众人之议也(采用)皇上欲大用康先生(任用) 虽有槁暴(pù,晒) 暴 暴殄(tiǎn)天物(bào,糟蹋) 性情暴躁(bào,急噪) 吾尝跂而望矣,不如登高之博见也(远看) 望 日夜望将军至,岂敢反乎(盼望) 先达德隆望尊(名望) 适冬之望日前后(农历每月十五) 以是人多以书假余(借给) 假 君子生非异也,善假于物也(借助) 乃悟前狼假寐,盖以诱敌(假装) 圣心备焉(具备) 备 有备无患(准备) 关怀备至(详备,完全到位) 挽弓当挽强,用箭当用长(qiáng,强壮) 蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨主强(qiáng,强壮,强大,健壮) 强 策勋十二转,赏赐百千强(qiáng,有余,有多) 乃自强步,日三四里(qiǎng,勉强,强迫) 忽然抚尺一下,群响毕绝(停止,消失) 绝 自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境(隔绝) 佛印绝类弥勒(极，尽)假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河(横渡)。

第18篇：牛津英语高一必修一总结

牛津英语必修一词汇汇总

enjoy: enjoy doing sth.

enjoy oneself

enjoyable: adj 有乐趣的，令人愉快的 experience：n:可数名词：经历

不可数名词：经验

v: 经历

experienced ：

be experienced in He is very experienced in looking after animals.earn：

earn one’s living:谋生

She earns her living by writing.respect: show one’s respects to; respect sb for sth.devote:v.致力于；献身 devote one’s time to…; devote one’s life to… average:

above/below the average on average ; an average of…

A reporter said that women lived an average of 5 years longer than men.struggle: struggle to do sth,

struggle with/for/against The children talked so loudly that I had to struggle to __________ (hear).challenging: face a challenge: 面临挑战; meet the challenge of ：迎接……挑战

I am looking forward to the challenge of my new job.

School must meet the challenge of new technology.satisfaction satisfy

satisfying

be satisfied with…

She was not satisfied with the outcome of her effort.She looked at his face with satisfaction.exchange:

in exchange for

exchange…for…

exchange sth.with sb.

Would you like my old TV in exchange for the camera?

You can exchange your currency for dollars in this hotel.free :

free of charge

for free

be free to do

The expreways’ toll gates are __________ during the eight-day “Golden Week” holiday.

I can offer you breakfast for free.former: adj 以前的

the former

the latter

former president

Jane and Mary are good friends, the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse.graduate： graduate from(学校)

graduate in （专业）

graduation develop ：with the development of… gift:

have a gift for:

gifted He has a gift for language, while his sister is a gifted pianist.independent : be independent of…

depend on

independence

It was very important for me to be financially independent of my parents.

inform: inform sb.that

inform sb.of sth.

keep ab.informed

Please inform us of the further information as soon as poible.

We will keep you informed of our progre and look forward to hearing from you.approve: 批准，通过，赞成

approve of

No teachers can approve of cheating on exams.charge: in charge of

in the charge of

free of charge 免费

charge sb.… 要某人多少钱

be charged with: 被指控

take charge of: 接管 select：选择

select sb.as…

select sb.to do

more than

no more than 不超过

no more… than… 和

一样不

not more…than… 没有

那样

more… than…

与其说

不如说 frighten : be frightened to do…

be frightened of doing…

be frightened to death bend :

bend over :附身

bend to : 屈服

bend one’s attention on…专心于 starve： starve to death

starve for… 渴望

starvation

tolerate: tolerate doing

Nobody can tolerate being laughed at in public.deserve:

deserve to do 值得…

deserve doing= deserve to be done

He deserves rewarding.can hardly wait to do …

can’t wait for…

be supposed to do… teachers are supposed to treat all students alike.be supposed to have done: He was supposed to have finished his homework last night.insist: insist on doing

insist that sb.should do worry : worry about

be worried about… harm:

do harm to …

be harmful to…

forbid: forbid sb.from doing…

forbid sb.to do… tend: tend to do…

tend to sb.照顾…

mix: mix up 弄混

mix with

相融

mix … up with

把。。。和。。。弄混 figure: 体形；数据；人物

figure out 想出 理解

We should try to learn from our mistakes and figure out how to do it better.ashamed: be ashamed of…

be ashamed that…

be shamed to do… recover： recover from…

prefer：prefer to do…

prefer doing to doing

prefer to do… rather than do

Rather than travel abroad with her parents, she preferred to do volunteer work during the holiday.suffer:

suffer+损失

suffer from+ 疾病 伤痛

sufferings 痛苦

Although the old man suffered a lot in the disaster, he did not tell others his sufferings.consider: consider doing …

consider … as…

consider that

effect:

have no effect on… take effect 生效 come into effect 生效

side effect 副作用 make the most of : make use of…

make good use of …

make the best of…

make full use of…

make little use of… in the long term：从长远角度看

in terms of：就

而言

Those who do everything in terms of money won’t lead a happy life.

第19篇：高一英语必修一unit5知识点及练习

必修 I---Unit 5 I---V Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

一、知识点

1.A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。（He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。）

2.fight against 对抗，反对，与„„作斗争

We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.

People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。

He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children.他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。

3.He worked selflely in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers.作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战士。

4.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。 5.be free from 免于，不受

A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。 6.in a peaceful way 以和平的方式 7.be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑 in the prison 在监狱

8.the same„as„和„„一样

9.the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人

10.The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。（定语从句）

11.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。（He is generous with his money.他花钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮助。Our grateful thanks are due to you.我们衷心感谢你。） 12.have little education 受的教育少

13.I could not read or write well.我既不会读也不会写。

14.I worried about whether I would become out of work.我担心我是不是会失业。 15.I became more hopeful about my future.我对自己的未来充满了希望。（I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow.我对她明天要来抱着希望。） 16.as soon as I could 尽快， 马上

17.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progre, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.（定语从句） 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 （The 19th century saw many changes.许多变革发生于19世纪。at an early stage in our history 在我们的历史早期）

18.„we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were le important, or fight the government.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么

跟政府作斗争。

19.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。（Only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。

如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。

② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。 ③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。 Only then did I realize my mistake.直到那时我才知道我的错误.）

20.as a matter of fact 事实上 （As a matter of fact，it is health that counts.事实上，健康才是最重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble.事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻烦。）

21.In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings. 在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。（Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres? 你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗? Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day.然后，事实上有些恒星，就像我们自己的太阳，有朝一日会爆炸。）

22.„I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.„„我知道这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。 23.in trouble 处于困境 遇到麻烦? ? Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 否则有麻烦.24.be willing to do sth.愿意，乐于Only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他们的见解。

25.What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度？

26.turn to 变成；求助于，借助于, 翻到，转向?? She had no one to turn to for advice.她没有一个可以商量的人。

Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向谁求助呢？

As they were out of work,??Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求帮助。

27.„ the quality of life for black people got worse.„„ 黑人的生活质量更糟糕。

28„.many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 很多人认为我是为人权而战的第一批积极的黑人战士之一。 29.lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心

Difficulties were increasing.Even then we did not lose heart.尽管困难在增加，但我们毫不灰心。

You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。 If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going.如果你失败了，你也不该灰心。 30.escape from 逃脱，逃离，从„„逃出

He listens to music as an escape from the preures of work.他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力.He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention.他呆在幕后为了避开公众的注

意。

The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从火灾中死里逃生。

31.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。 should have done 本应做而未做 needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过

32.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。

33.„but they did pa their exams.但是他们确实通过了考试。 34.That made me feel good about myself.这让我觉得自己还不错。 35.be better educated 受到良好教育 36.I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994.在非国大于1994年执政之前，我有20年没有工作。（After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people.曼德勒掌权成为总统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。） 37.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.我回忆起那时的所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。

After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog.自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。 38.be proud to do sth.I'll be proud to be part of it 我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。 be proud of sth You should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为自己所取得的成绩而自豪。 39.set up创立，建立，为„作准备；竖立，架起，建造；开业，开始经商 The company was set up ten years ago.公司是十年前建立的。

He plans to set up his own busine.他决定自己做生意。

He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up.他恳求我让他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。

40.be sentenced to „ 被判处„„

He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。

Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。

41.Do you have any thoughts on that? 你认为那怎么样？ 42.to my understanding 按我的理解

43.He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home.他年轻时身体不好，所有只得在家接受教育。

44.be accepted by „ 被„„录取、接受 45.give free medical care to people there

给那儿的人免费医疗

As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知，在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。 46.He died from blood poisoning.他死于败血症。

47.At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时中日战争正在进行之中。 48.Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article.毛泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。

49.point of view 观察点；观点

It depends on your point of view.这将因个人观点而异。 50.compete with„ 与„„竞争?? If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself.如果你想同别人竞争，先同自己竞争。

51.advise??v.常用搭配

advise + n./pron. advise + doing advise sb.to do sth.advise + that从句（从句的谓语用“should + v原”， should 常省略）

注：1）与advise用法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主补）时，宾补（主补）要用不定式。

如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词） We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补，用动词不定式） You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，用动词不定式） 2）区别：advise（劝说）/persuade（劝服）

二、练习单项选择

1._____ out for the game.Some girls stay in the claroom, talking.

A.Not all the students go

B.All the students not go

C.Both the students don’t go

D.All the students go 2.You can’t pa the coming examination if you ______.

A.lose your heart

B.lose heart C.lose hearts

D.lose your hearts 3.You can’t _____ until tomorrow morning after the blood examination.

A.not only eat but also drink

B.either eat or drink

C.neither eat nor drink

D.both eat and drink 4.If my brother is allowed to go out, ______.

A.so I should

B.so am I

C.so should I

D.so I am

5.He ______ prison two years ago and now he _______.

A.was put in; was set free

B.was shut into, is set free

C.put into, has been set freely

D.was put into; has been set free 6.Only at that time ______ that he had made a lot of mistakes in his homework.

A.he realized

B.did he realize C.he did realized

D.realized he 7.This is the plane _______ he went to Shanghai ______ busine.

A.where, for a

B.by which, on the

C.on which, on

D.where, on 8.—I can ’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.

—Why, your eyes need _____ .Perhaps you need _______ glaes.

A.to examined, to wear

B.to examine ,to wear

C.to be examined, to wear

D.examining, wearing 9.Instead, he seemed to see Tom ’s face, with the wide smile he ______ whenever he told a joke.A.wore

B.brought

C.appeared

D.carried 10.This is ______ that dog.

A.as a big dog as

B.as big a dog as C.a as big dog as

D.a big as dog as 11.A new school was ______ in the village last year.

A.held up

B.set up

C.sent up

D.brought up 12.The number of the students in our school _____ large.

A.are

B.is C.am

D.be 13.The road to the mountains _____ by the snow for almost a month.A.has been cut off B.have been cut off C.has been cut down D.have been cut down 14.According to the time table , the train for Beijing______ at seven o’clock in the evening .

A.leaves

B.has left

C.was left

D.will leave 15.We were all waiting for you.You _____for the seaside by yourself without leaving a meage.

A.mustn’t leave

B.shouldn’t have left C.could not have left D.needn’t leave

16.I can still remember the sitting-room ______ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what

B.which

C.where

D.that

17.Only yesterday _____ him the truth, which was a big shock to him.

A.his father told

B.told his father C.did his father tell D.his father did tell 18.He _____ a great actor as a child, and at last his dream ______.

A.dreamed to be; came to true

B.dreamed of being; realized

C.dreamed of being; came true

D.dreamed being; realized 19.It’s impoible for all the people to get jobs because _____ of them are not fit for them.

A.none of

B.all C.not all D.everyone 20.They will not _____ even if they can’t win the match.

A.lose their hearts B.lose their heart C.lose heart D.lose the heart 21.My family climbed up the hills, ______ we had a picnic.

A.on the top of it B.on its top

C.on the top of which D.on the top of that 22.She is the only one of the girls in her school who ______ the piano well.

A.plays B.play C.playing D.are playing 23.---Did you give him the book to him?

---Yes.I gave it to him___ I saw him.A.once

B.the moment

C.while

D.suddenly

必修I---unit 5练习参考答案

（三） ABBBD BCCAB BBAAB CCCBC CAB

第20篇：必修一知识点总结

必修一重点词组句子归纳总结

1 Unit1 Friendship 重点词组：

be good to 对….友好 add up 合计

another time 改时间 get sth done 使…被做

calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗

make a list of 列出

hide away 躲藏；隐藏 be concerned about 关心；挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物

go through 经历；仔细检查 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷

on purpose 故意

in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地

get along with 与…相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装 according to 按照；根据…所说 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难 communicate with sb 和…交际 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用

join in 参加（活动）

far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事

fall in love 相爱

ignorant of 无知的 cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯 句子归纳：

1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….

2.It’s because… 这是因为….此从句中because不能用since或as 代替

3.What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？ 4.While walking the dog, you were carele and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）

5.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？

6.I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。

7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。

8.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

9.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）

10.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.记日记对你来说是个好习惯。 11.She found it difficult to settle and… 12.This series of readers is very interesting.13.A friend in need is a friend indeed.14.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.Unit2 重点词组：

in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如

believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使

at the end of 在…末期

be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离…近

change…into 把…变成

in the early days 在早期 take…with…随身携带

the same…as 与…相同的

at present 目前 be absent from 缺席

be present at 在席；出席

carry out a rule 执行规则

be a native of 是…人

at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求

request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向 give commands 命令

be different from 与…不同

i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常；照例

be native to 是…的土产动物/植物

as we know 正如我们所知 an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织

play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于 come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论 make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用

from one place to another 从一处到另一处

present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子归纳：

1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）

2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。) 3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。) 4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.

(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句) 5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。) 6.…those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。) 8.…there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数)

9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。) 句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是… 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.

附：1.either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。

2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同

be different from 强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法： ⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后 ⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于… 如：战争等

4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？ ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？ ⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？ ⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？ 5.include ─ including; included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual (adj);

apidly ─ rapid (v) government (n) ─ govern(v) wide (adj) ─ widen (v);

broad (adj) ─ broaden (v)

foreign ─ foreigner; solve (v) ─ solution (n)

6.petrol------gas ;

lift------elevator; flat------apartment

film------movie; sweets----candy;

post------mail Unit3 Travel Journal重点词组： one-way fare 单程票

round-trip fare 往返票

graduate from 从…毕业 care about 忧虑，关心

care for喜欢，照顾

care to do愿意/同意做某事give

in (vt) 上交

give in (to) 投降；屈服；让步 give up 放弃

give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一样 at midnight 午夜 at an altitude of 在…海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度 change one’s mind 改变主意

to my mind = in my opinion make camp 野营，宿营

make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事 put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷

sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉

dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行 persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 determine to do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事

get sb interested in 使某人对..感兴趣 insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要 the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事

can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事

for one thing… for another （用来引出某事的理由）一则… 二则… take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊

句子归纳：1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型：it is/ was….that….其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。

2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.insist that….(should)+ v原形 坚持要；坚持要求 insist that….陈述语气 坚持说；坚持认为

3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor) 4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Good luck on your journey.6.The lake shone like gla in the moonlight.(simile) Unit4 Earthquakes 重点词组： have time to do 有时间做某事

happen to do 碰巧做某事 shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter in ruins 成为废墟

cut acro 穿过、横穿 blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌 rescue workers 救援人员 be pleased to do 乐意做某事 make/ give a speech 发表演说 judging….from 根据……来判断 tens of thousands of 成千上万

dig out 挖掘

burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来

think little of 对……评价低

be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对……评价高 one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb

give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽 a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面

the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛

have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事

come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事 agree to sth

give off 发出（气味等） give back 归还 give away 赠送；泄露

agree on sth 达成一致意见 agree to do sth right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的

be known as 作为……而知名as is known to all 众所周知 be known for 因……而出名 as could be expected 正如可以预料到的 it is usele doing sth 干某事是无用的 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发 句子归纳：1.It is always calm before a storm.2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句为There be 句型

3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.现在分词表伴随 4.It seemed that the world was at an end.5.Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义 6.All hope was not lost.all 与not 连用 表示部分否定 7.It’s never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。 附：分词用法 之 作定语

falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水 Unit5 Nelson Mandela重点词组：

lose heart 丧失勇气 worry about 担心 lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上 be worried about 担心（状态）

in trouble 处于不幸中 be sentenced to 被判处

be out of work = lose one’s job 失业 be equal to 相等的，平等的

be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对……评价高

one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75%

agree with sb

give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上

blow up 充气 爆炸

beg for 乞讨

set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起 send up 发射，使上涨

set about 着手做某事 (set about doing sth) go up 上升，增长；被兴建 set off 出发，动身 set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起 set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）

stop sb (from) doing sth be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在……活跃 keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事

die for 为……而死 die from 死于（外因）prevent sb (from) doing sth die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等） agree with sb put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advice 不可数 a piece of advice advise doing sth fight for 为争取……而斗争 advise sb on sth fight against 为反对……而斗争

advise that (should)+ v原

fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth work out 算出

have a go= have a try

break the law 违反法律

have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth be willing to do sth 乐于做某事 realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想

answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 come to power 当权，上台

social activities 社会活动

equal (adj)--- equally (adv)--- equality (n) violence (n)------violent (adj) cruelty (n)--- cruel (adj)--- cruelly (adv) educated (adj)------education (n) willing----unwilling 不愿意的

active----inactive 不活跃的 句子归纳：

1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。

Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed.（从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）

2.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。

3.I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.

the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句 链接：It’s the first time that 现在完成时 It was the first time that 过去完成时

4.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.（should have done 本应做而未做）

needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过

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