大学英语四级作文常用衔接词
一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。
（一）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引起的扩展名。
at first 最初
at present 现在；当今 currently 目前；最近first(ly) 第一
in the beginning 起初 to begin with 首先；第一 first of all 首先；第一
in the first place 首先；第一 lately 最近
to start with
首先；第一 now 现在
for one thing…(for another) 首先……（其次）…… recently 最近
in general 一般来说
on the on hand…(on the other hand) 一方面…（另一方面）
generally speaking 一般地说 on the whole 总起来说
It goes without saying that…不用说 presently 现在；此刻
（二）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。
after/after that/afterwards 此后 after a few days 几天以后 after a while 过了一会 also/too 并且；又 at any rate 无论如何 at the same time 同时 besides 此外
furthermore 而且；此外 in addition 此外
in addition to…除……之外 in fact
事实上
in other words 换句话说 in particular
特别（地） in the same way 同样地 incidentally 顺便提一句 indeed
的确
meanwhile 与此同时 moreover 而且，此外 mo doubt 无疑地 obviously 明显地 of course
当然 particularly 特别地
by this time 此时
certainly 无疑地；当然地 consequently 因此；结果 for example 例如 for instance 例如
for this purpose 为了这个目的
from now on
从此 second
第二；第二点 secondly 第二 similarly 同样地 so 所以 soon
不久 still
仍然 then
然后
third 第三；第三点 thirdly 第三
for another
其次
such as 正如 later 后来
truly
事实上；真实地
unlike …不像…；和……不同 what is more 而且；此外
（三）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见
after all 毕竟
all the same 依然；照样 anyway 无论如何
at the same time 同时；然而 but
但是
by this time
此时 conversely
相反地 in/by contrast 对比之下 even though 即使
nonethele
尽管如此
still
仍然 in fact 事实上
as a matter of fact
事实上 despite 尽管……；虽然…… especially 特别地
fortunately 幸运地
however 然而；无论如何
in spite of 尽管……；虽然…… luckily 幸运地
neverthele 不过；仍然 though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地 notwithstanding 虽然 on the contrary
相反地 otherwise
否则 unfortunately 不幸地
unlike 不像……；和……不同 whereas … 然而…… yet 仍；然而；但是
（四）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。
above all
最重要的是 as a consequence
因此 as a result 结果
as has been noted 如前所述
as I have said
如我所述 at last
最后
at length
最后；终于
by and large 一般说来 briefly 简单扼要地 by doing so 如此 consequently 因此 eventually 最后 finally 最后 hence 因此 in brief 简言之
in conclusion 总之；最后 in short 简而言之 in a word 总之
accordingly
于是
in sum 总之，简而言之 in summary 简要地说
on the whole 总体来说；整个看来 therefore 因此 thus
因此
to speak frankly 坦白地说 to sum up 总而言之 to summarize 简而言之 surely 无疑
to conclude 总而言之 no doubt 毫无疑问 undoubtedly 无疑 truly 的确 so 所以
obviously 显然
certainly 当然地；无疑地 all in all总之
二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。
（一）表示因果关系
as a result He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.
2 as a result of He is lat for work as a result of traffic accident.accordingly Ha wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.because (of) We are delayed because of a traffic jam.due to His succe is due to his excellent work.owing to Owing to his absence, our meeting is canceled.thanks to Thanks to a good teacher, she paed the examination.now that Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.
So long as
You could accomplish your dream so long as you it again and again.since Since you are here now, you’d better give a hand.on account of
We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.in that The policy is harmful is that it may encourage people to give up.so that The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.consequently It rained so heavy , consequently, we cancelled the plan to climb the mountain.hence It is 12 p.m.now , hence you must take a sleep.therefore There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.(二)表示解释关系 as a matter of fact I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact ,I am only 10 minutes’ drive from you.as well I will go there.My friend will me as well.frankly speaking Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.in this case In this case, I will go there as soon as poible.(二)表示解释关系 As a matter of fact I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes’ drive from you. as well I will go there.My friend will go with me as well.
3 frankly speaking Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.in this case In this case, I will go there as soon as poible.(三) 表示推理关系 or else Make haste, or else you’ll be late.otherwise You must bear this paport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.if so If so, it will make a great difference.that implies He is in panic now, so that implies he is lying.to put it more precisely He is rather strong, to put it more precisely, he is a little sturdy.under no circumstances Under no circumstances will I go there.(四) 表示递进关系 additionally I like playing cards, additionally, playing che is also my favorite.in addition I need your help.In addition, I also need her support.besides First, we must work hard.Besides, we must work with a creative mind.and moreover The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.that is to say The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.furthermore She is kind, and furthermore, she's beautiful.in other words I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.equally important You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.What's more It is harmful to my health, and what's more, it is no good to my work.last but not least Last but not least, my thanks should go to every member of my cla.
（五）表示比较关系 equally As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.in comparison with In comparison with the red one, I would like to choose the blue cap.in the same way It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.
4 in contrast to In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.instead If you don't go, I'll go instead.on the contrary You thought I like it.On the contrary, I dislike it.in contrast It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it's very cold at night.while We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.
（六）表示选择关系 alternatively You may take the exam.Alternatively you take another one next year.either ...or Either you or I will go there.rather than In this matter, the parents should be blamed rather than the children.instead of You should be reading books instead of lying there in bed.not ...but She is not an English teacher, but a German student.whether ...or not I wonder whether you will come or not this afternoon.neither ...nor Neither you nor I will go there.He will come this afternoon.
（七）表示转折关系 although Although he is old, he still work everyday.despite I will visit him despite the heavy snow.at the same time The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you can't help liking him.even though Even though she is late, she walks slow.however I planned to go there; the incident suddenly interrupts my normal work.in spite of In spite of the boy's sincerity, the teacher is still very angry.instead It is too hot to go shopping, let’s watch TV at home instead.neverthele Neverthele, I would try to make a remedy.regardle of Regardle of age, sex, race and economic level, all men are equal.notwithstanding I have determined, notwithstanding your disapproval.
5 on the contrary I used to think that the result will be good.On the contrary, it turns out to be bad.still race and economic level, all men are equal a4thstanding your disapproval result will be good.On the contrary, it turns out to be bad.It's raining cats and dogs outside; still, I will visit him.though I will visit him though it is raining there.otherwise We must be hurry, otherwise we cannot catch the bus.while Sadne is beautiful while loneline is tragical.yet He is sentimental sometimes, yet I still like him.
（八）表示总结关系 all in all All in all, briefly must cope it well, Briefly, I agree with you on the matter in conclusion In conclusion, the first opinion is much more reasonable than the latter idea.in summary In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.to sum up To sum up, teaching student is not an easy task to perform on the whole On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.in all In all, it's great to be a father.in short In short, actions speak louder than words.in brief In brief, to help others is to help you rself.in a word In a word, we will win while they will lose.in terms In practical terms, I believe it will work.in sum In sum, it is great to be a teacher.to summarize To summarize, spare the rod, spoil the children.to conclude To conclude, it is tree that we should pay more attention to this problem.
（九）表示次序关系
6 above all Above all, remember to call me when you arrive.afterwards We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together in the evening.eventually Eventually, he rose to the position of vice president.first/firstly/first of all First(ly)/First of all, I'll mention the history.second/secondly Second/Secondly, I will mention the present.furthermore Furthermore, it is not good enough in this respect.finally Finally, I agree with you on this matter.last but not least Last but not least, my personal effort also play a small role in the accomplishment of the task.to conclude To conclude, life is not a battle if you want to be a normal man.lastly Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world.in the end In the end, they parted each other at the cro road.
（十）表示强调关系 above all Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.of course Of course you will fall behind if you don't study harder.indeed I am indeed very glad to see you are well and sound.most important Most important, it is a book for sale first.with great emphasis on He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the solar energy.
（十一）表示过渡关系 as regards As regards your school report, I don't quite agree.as to/as for She's very uncertain as to where he is now.by the way By the way, there is a letter for you in the President's office.with reference to With reference to further information, please let me know.with regard to With regard to your score in last examination, I am afraid it is not a good news for you.
7 regarding It is a book regarding the War at Hastings.concerning Nobody has the information concerning his whereabouts.talking of Talking of philosophy, I know little about it.incidentally Incidentally, your proposal has drawn most people's attention.to resume To resume our discuion, how do you think of Lincoln? to get back to the point To get back to the point, have you ever visited Mr.Johnson?
（十二）表示举例关系 as follows The reasons are as follows.a case in point A case in point, Qingdao is such a beautiful city.for example For example, Chairman Mao is such a great hero.for instance There are many advantages, for instance, it can make your book perfect.including There are many children there, including a two-year-old baby.to illustrate To illustrate, I can give you many examples
（十三）表示同指关系 that is There are two persons there, that is, Tom and Jack.in other words In other words, we must finish it before he comes.that is to say Let's go back to the original plan, that is to say, you must go there.
（十四）表示时间关系 after a while After a while, he came back with smile on his face.afterwards Tom came in for a cup of tea, then he went out soon afterwards.as long as You may borrow this book as long as you return it.at last At last, we succeed.at length At length he told us the truth.at that time At that time, all people are poor.eventually
8 We waited for her on and on, and eventually she came.finally After a heated discuion, finally he gave up.in the past In the past he was very naughty.meanwhile Tom was listening to the radio, and meanwhile Adam was reading.presently He is presently the president of the U.S.so far So far he's been to China more than 3 times.thereafter Thereafter, they lived a happy life.until I did not feel hungry until midnight.until now He has not come until now.when I used to listen to the radio when I was young. 9
