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高考中译英解题方法和技巧

发布时间:2020-03-03 23:46:22 来源:范文大全 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

高考中译英解题方法和技巧

一、判断句型,构建框架

句型好比是句子的骨架,选用合适的句型是做好中译英的第一步,也是至关重要的一步。英语中句子通常分为简单句、并列句和复合句,其中有一些较为固定的常用句型更是高考经常考查的内容,熟悉并学会运用这些句型将有助于同学们很快建立句子结构,完成翻译。下面就是一些需要掌握的常见句型:There is no need for sb.to do sth....

It is no good doing sth....

It is no use doing sth....

It’s a waste of time doing sth....

It is neceary/important for sb.to do sth....

It suddenly occurred to sb.that ...

It seems/appears/ happens that ...

The more ..., the more ...

The reason why ...was that ...

What matters is not ...but ...

祈使句+and/or ...

In spite of the fact that ..., ...

There is no doubt that ...

It won’t be long before ...(从句谓语用一般现在时)

I’d appreciate it very much if you could ...

It’s said/believed/reported/estimated that ...

Where there is ..., there is ...

As an old saying goes, ...

Word came that ...

Chances are that ...

It remains to be seen whether ...

(It is) no wonder that ...

It is taken for granted that ...

It is known to all that ...

It takes sb.some time to do sth....

...so ...that ...

Be sure to do ...

It is certain that ...

A is to B what C is to D.

It makes no difference whether ...

It all depends on sb./sth.whether ...

...makes it a rule to do sth....

Make sure that ...(从句谓语用一般现在时)

二、把握关键词,熟悉短语搭配

历年高考中译英题的考核点中,短语搭配占了很大的比重,其中动词短语尤为重要。正确使用关键词,用好短语搭配,往往会使难题迎刃而解。下面是近几年高考出现的短语考点:

1.我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再作出最终结论。(before)(2001年高考)

We will have a further discuion before we draw a final conclusion.

2.当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于顾客。(choice)(2002年高考)

At that time, the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist (for help).

3.这条铁路横贯平原,把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。(remote)(2003年高考)

The railway croes the plain and connects the remote mountain city with the sea port.

4.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)(2004年高考)

You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.

5.多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)(2005年高考)

Eating more vegetables and fruits does good to one’s health.

6.我忘了提醒他面试的时间。(remind)(2007年高考)

I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.

三、了解汉英差异,避免误入陷阱

1.连词

中文中,“因为„„所以„„”“虽然„„但是„„”“除非„„否则„„”等常用来表示因果、转折等关系。但是在英语中,不能同时使用并列连词和状语从句的连词。例如:

除非采取紧急措施,否则我们的计划将流产。

Unle we take urgent measures, or our plan will be spoiled.(?菖)

Unle we take urgent measures, our plan will be spoiled.(?菁)

他尽管双目失明,却没有放弃作家梦。

Although he was blind in both eyes, but he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.(?菖)

Although he was blind in both eyes, (yet) he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.(?菁)

2.语态

在中英不同的语言文化中,主动和被动的表达存在着一定的差异。有时中文看似主动,译成英语却应用被动形式;有时中文是被动的意思,在英语中却用主动形式。

以下情形中常用英语的主动形式表示中文的被动意思:

(1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用英语主动形式表中文被动意义。例如:

他告诉我的事情被证实是真的。

What he told me proved to be true.

(2)当read, wash, sell, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用英语主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如:

这本书被卖得很快。

The book sells quickly.(3)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用英语主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如:

这门关不上。

The door won’t shut.

(4)某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要英语用主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如:这篇学术论文很难被翻译过来。

The academic article is difficult to translate.

(5)be worth后的动名词要用英语主动形式表中文被动意义。例如:

这可能值得考虑。

This might be worth thinking about.

(6)在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后接动名词用主动形式表被动意义。例如:这些植物得天天浇水。

The plants need watering every day.

也有很多情况下,英语的被动形式表示中文的主动含义。这时很多同学就可能会忽略被动语态的使用。例如:

坐在树下的人是我叔叔。

The man who was seated under the tree is my uncle.

这样的例子不胜枚举,同学们在练习时应注意多积累和总结。

3.语序

在某些情况下,英语的主谓必须全部或部分倒装。有时为了保持句子平衡,各部分顺序会发生颠倒,这与中文表达顺序有所不同。例如:

我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大过。(Never)

Never before has our country been as powerful as it is today.

老师仅靠一支粉笔上课的日子一去不复返了。(Gone)

Gone are the days when a teacher gave leons only with a piece of chalk.

我认为你找不到自行车了。

I don’t think you can find your bicycle.

4.标点符号

汉语中的某些标点符号是英语没有的。例如英语中没有顿号(、),常用逗号充当并列连接作用。英语中也没有书名号(《》),汉语用于书名、报刊杂志名的书名号,英语中常用斜体字代替。

有些标点符号的汉英表示形式是不同的。例如在汉语中句号是以空心圆(。)来表示的,在英语中是实心点(.)。又如汉语中的省略号是居中的六点(„„),英语是用位于底部的三点(...)来表示。同学们在使用这些符号时要特别注意,防止混淆。

四、理解成语与俗语,无须字字对译

近年的高考中译英题中,总会出现一些比较地道的中文或常用的成语,许多同学对于这些成语和俗语的翻译常不知所措。 此时,同学们不妨冷静下来,从成语的实际意义入手,在理解的基础上,用适当的英语表达出来,完全不必字字对译。有些成语和俗语的中英文是基本对应的,例如欣喜若狂(be wild with joy),熟能生巧(practice makes perfect)等。但大多数还是需要通过意译的方法来表达。以近年的高考试题为例:

1.请尽早作出决定,不然你会坐失良机。(or)(2003年高考)

Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as poible, or you’ll mi the good/golden chance/opportunity.

2.这个游戏的规则太复杂,三言两语解释不清。(too...to)(2004年高考)

The rules of the game are too complicated to explain/be explained in a few words.

3.他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看。(so)(2005年高考)He finished a difficult task on his own/independently soon after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him differently/with new eyes/regarded him in a totally different light.

4.这小孩太调皮了,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So...)(2006年高考)

So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.

5.医生挨家挨户上门巡访,省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦。(save)(2007年高考)

Doctors’ door-to door visits save many old people’s trouble of going to hospital.从上面的高考真题中可以看出,俗语与成语的翻译主要在于含义的表达,只要完整正确地表达了成语的含义,即使与参考答案不完全一致,也是可以得到满分的。

五、学会一题多译,拓宽解题思路

同一句中文可能会有几种不同的英语翻译方法,在平时的练习中,同学们可以尽量拓宽思路,尝试一题多译。这样不仅可以提高翻译的技能,同时还能促进语法知识的巩固和词汇的复习,是一举多得的好办法。例如:

1.令我大吃一惊的是他终于改掉了抽烟的坏习惯。

To my great surprise, he finally got rid of the bad habit of smoking.

What surprised me greatly was that he at last kicked his smoking habit.

I was greatly surprised at the fact that he finally quit smoking habit.

He finally gave up smoking, which surprised me a lot.

2.她一听到这个噩耗就号啕大哭。

As soon as she heard the sad news, she burst into tears.

The moment/instant/minute she heard the sad news, she burst out crying.

At the sad news, she burst out crying.

On hearing the sad news, she couldn’t help crying.

Immediately/Directly she heard the news, she burst into tears.

Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely had she heard the sad news when she burst into tears.

No sooner had she heard the sad news than she burst out crying.

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高考中译英解题方法和技巧
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