毕业论文摘要，开头，结尾，致谢等常用语
1．
以下短语和句型，作为撰写摘要时的参考：
(l) This paper(article,thesis) presents(shows, exprees)...本文提出 ……
(2) This paper(article) holds(deems)...本文认为……
(3)This paper ( article) discues( studies, concerns, deals with, tells of) ...本文讨论（研究）……
(4) This paper ( article) introduces ( reports, explains, analyses, emphasizes,summarizes)...本文介绍（报告、解释、分析、强调、总结）……
(5)This paper(article) argues(demonstrates)...本文论述（论证）……(6)This paper(article) explores(probes into)...本文探讨----
(7)This paper(article) elaborates on(expounds)., .本文详述（阐明）)，．，，．，
(8)This paper includes(covers, touches on)...本文包括（涉及）。。。。。
(9)This paper aims to(aims at)…本文旨在…
(l0) This paper focuses on...本文集中研究…
(11)This paper tries(attempts) to(makes an attempt to)…本文试图…..
(12)This paper makes a comparison of(makes a tentative study, makes abrief introduction to)。。。本文对……作了比较（作了尝试性研究，作了简介）……
(13)This paper offers(gives) a discuion of (an overview of, an analysis of)。。。。本文探讨（综述、分析）…
(14)This paper develops the theory of…本文发展了…理论。
(15) This paper considers (deems) in neceary ( available) to...本文认为…是必要的（有用的）。
(16)This paper is about(related to)...本文对……进行研究。
(17) This paper is a criticism of the theory of..本文对…理论提出质疑（批评）。
(18)This paper is presented as a counterargument of the paper by...本文是对….一文的质疑。(19)This paper,on the basis o{..reveals(illustrates)...本文在……基础上揭示（例证）．….．(20)Based on.* .this paper first categorizes...and then tentatively sets out ..本文以……为出发点，先对……进行分类，然后提出。……
(21)Centering round...this paper is intended to explore (probe into)...文围绕……试图探讨…
(22)… is(are) ,in this paper, referred to as...of which an analysis of … is made.本文把……看做……并对其进行…分析。
(23) …is (are) touched (studied) as well in this paper.本文还论及（研究）
(24) The purpose(objective) of this paper is to review.．．本文的目的是评论… (25)The author(writer) of this paper holds( considers, deems, contends)...本文作者认为…..
(26)The author(writer) tries to give an accoununt of..作者试图说明……
(27)ln this paper, the author(writer) suggests(proposes)...作者在这篇文章里建议……
(28)1n this paper, we point out( emphasize, argue)...在这篇文章里，我们指出（强调）…．．
(29)lt is pointed out(deemed)…文章指出（认为）……
(30)An analysis is given about….. 本文集中分析…..
(31)ln light of...theory, discuion is made about...．．本文从……的理论出发，讨论…..Sample 1
Abstract This paper attempts to apply recent theories of systemic functional linguistics to the analysis of metaphorical use of language at the grammatical level.The paper first gives a definition of pragmatic metaphor and then examines two major kinds of pragmatic metaphors: dysphemistic metaphors and euphemistic metaphors.The former means the use of good-sounding, positive and polite language to expre attitudes of disrespect towards the listener or audience in commumcation.The latter, on the contrary, refers to the use of aggreive,impolite and irregular language with good, friendly and even affectionate feelings from the speaker.
2．
作结尾（Conclusion，Summary，Finally），时，作者大都喜欢使用以下短语或句型： (I) To summarize, it is...that...(2)ln summary...
(3)1n sum, the results indicate that...
(4)1t is proved that...
(5)The conclusion is that...(6)We have argued that...
(7)We can now conclude that...
(8)The writer concludes that... (9)The author argues that...
(I0)The writer points out that...
(11)The author finds that...
(12) This paper concludes that...
(13) This article shows that...
(14)On the basis of the above discuion, we may come to the conclusion that．，，
(15)On the basis of the above...we know that...
(16)ln this thesis, we have explored...
(17)ln this paper, we examine...
(18)From the above,we can see that...
(19) From the study of...our stance is made clear : ...
(20) From...we should say that..
Sample 1
Conclusion We can now well conclude that everyday language is thoroughly suffused with metaphors and that the metaphorical use of language exists at different levels of language, lexical, grammatical and pragmatic.They are all pragmatic strategies in language communicatiorL As the scope and content of metaphors,pragmatic metaphors in particular, are ever changing, the study of metaphors always promises new horizons and fresh fields to be explored It is my sincere hope that this paper will contribute to further research on metaphors as well as to pragmatic studies of language varieties and language communication.既有论点的概括、总结，又有作者的展望和希望。
3．
在撰写致谢辞时，以下表达方式可作为参考：
(1)1 would like to acknowledge my indebtedne to... (2)1 should like to acknowledge with deep gratitude the aistance and guidance given to me by...
(3)1 gratefully acknowledge the help of 。。 (4)1 want to acknowledge the invaluabliable help of Mr.f Mr.X, who has been myconstant consultant in my writing this eay.If there are any errors, they are not his, but all mine.
(5)I would like to thank Mr.X for his suggestions on my writing the first earlier draft.
(6)1 would extend my sincere thanks to my tutor...
(7)1 would like to take this opportunity to thank...
(8)1 especially appreciate the guidance of., .
(9)1 wish to expre my special appreciation of Mr.X’s help...
(l0)I am also indebted to the following for permiion to reproduce copy-right material:...
(11)I have a real debt of gratitude to...
(12) Likewise I am grateful to...
(13)Most particularly,l must thank...(14)1 am in debt to...
(15)My gratitude also goes to...
(16)My heartfelt thanks are also due to...
(17)My work also owes much to...for his encouragement and great help.。。。
(18)A real debt is owed to Mrs.X for her valuable help in my writing.
(19)My grateful thanks to all of you,most of all to...
(20) The author is deeply indebted to...
(21) The author’s special thanks should be given to...
(22) This thesis would not have been poible without the support andaistance that I received from.
Sample 1 I would like to expre my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.A special acknowledgement should be shown to Profeor X,from whose lectures I benefited greatly.I am particularly indebted to Mr.X,who gave me kind encouragement and useful instructions all through my writing.Finally I wish to extend my thanks to the library aistants who supplied me with reference materials of great value. Sample 2 The author is indebted to Mr.X for his constructiructive suggestion，to Mr.X who helped work out an outline of this paper,and kindly eliminateiated many of the errors in it.The author is also indebted to Mi X for permiion to quote material from the past examination papers in the course of Advanced English.
