Unit 5 1.Substantive criminal law刑事实体法 2.beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑
3.right to counsel/speedy trial/ jury请律师/快速审判/陪审团审判的权利
4.self-incrimination 自证其罪
5.illegally seized evidence非法获取的证据 6.constitutional rights宪法权利 7.statutory construction 立法解释 8.unanimous decision 全体一致的裁决 9.
concurring
opinion/majority
opinion/
dienting
opinion 附随意见／多数意见／不同意见 10.monetary penalty 金钱惩罚 11.Bill of Rights （美）人权法案 12.criminal justice system刑事司法体系 13.presumption of innocence 无罪推定 14.the suspect/accused 犯罪嫌疑人／被告人 15.due proce正当程序
16.amendments to the constitution 宪法修正案 17.grand jury indictment 大陪审团的起诉 18.information指控书、起诉书 19.guilt/innocence有罪／无罪 20.discretion 自由裁量权
21.misdemeanor/felony 轻最／重罪 22.grand jury /jury 大陪审团／陪审团 23.testimony 证词
24.true bill/ no bill（大陪审团签发的）起诉书／不起诉书 25.arrest warrant 逮捕令 26.probable cause 合理根据 27.bail 保释金
28.bail on one’s own recognizance 具结保释
29.make a plea of guilty/ not guilty作有罪答辩／无罪答辩 30.burden of proof 举证责任
31.direct/cro –examination 直接／交叉询问 32.grand jury presentment 大陪审团的起诉书 33.arraignment传讯
34.not guilty by reason of insanity/ nolo contendere因精
神错乱而无罪／无罪申辩 35.voir dire 挑选陪审团的程序 36.summon 传票
37.prospective juror潜在的陪审团成员 38.witne stand证人出庭作证
39.peremptory challenge /challenge for cause无因回避／
有因回避
40.impartial jury 中立（公正）的陪审团 41.conviction/ acquittal 宣告有罪／宣判无罪 42.tangible evidence实物证据 43.jury verdict 陪审团的裁决
44.rebuttal/ surrebuttal 反驳第二次反驳
45.opening statement/ closing arguments 开庭陈述／结
案陈词
46.jury instruction 陪审团指令 47.veniremen / juror陪审员／陪审员 48.double jeopardy 双重追诉
49.murder in the first degree 一级谋杀 50.voluntary manslaughter 自杀
51.hung jury/ dead lock jury 悬案陪审团／僵局陪审团 52.conviction and sentencing 定罪与量刑 53.suspension 暂缓 54.probation, 缓刑
55.capital punishment死刑56.procedural error 程序错误 57.standard of proof 证据标准
58.preponderance of evidence优势证据 59.prima facie case 初步证明的案件 Unit 6
60.lawsuit诉讼
61.substantive law/ procedural law实体法／程序法 62.formality手续
63.lease or deed of land土地租赁或转让契约 64.administrative law行政法
65.civil/criminal procedure民事／刑事程序 66.conflicts of law法律冲突 67.client 当事人
68.emotional distre精神伤害 69.breach of contract 违反合同约定 70.file bankruptcy 申请破产 71.invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私
72.subject matter/personal jurisdiction诉讼标的／属人管
辖权
73.serve a summon 送达传票 74.compliant/ answer 起诉书／答辩状 75.default judgment 缺席审判 76.demurrer抗辩
77.affirmative defense积极的抗辩 78.statute of limitation诉讼时效
79.motion denied/granted 被否决的动议／被允许的动议 80.negligent/ negligence过失（形容词）／过失（名词） 81.inadmiible evidence不予采信的证据
82.objection by defendant’s counsel被告律师的抗辩 83.hearsay 传闻证据 84.present evidence举证 85.call witne传唤证人 86.counsel for plaintiff原告律师 87.burden of proof举证责任
88.charge to the jury/ jury instruction 下指令给陪审团／
陪审团发出的指令 89.litigation 诉讼
90.deliberation （陪审团）审议
91.general/special verdict 一般／特别的裁决 92.reasonable person 有理性的人
93.judgment non obstante verdicto 与陪审团相反的判决 94.judgment for plaintiff原告胜诉的判决 95.res judicata 已决案件
96.execution of the jurgement判决的执行 97.sheriff治安官 98.proceeds收益 99.insolvency 清偿 100.pleading 诉讼请求 101.brief诉讼要点
102.transcript of the testimony 证词的记录 103.court’s ruling法院的裁决 Unit 8
104.civil wrong 民事不法行为 105.damages赔偿金
106.act or omiion作为或不作为
107.tort liability/ contract liability 侵权责任／合同责任 108.intentional tort故意侵权
109.personal/property tort人身／财产侵权
110.compensatory/punitive damages/ exemplary damages
赔偿／惩罚性赔偿／惩戒性赔偿 111.state of mind主观状态
112.circumstantial evidence间接证据 113.false imprisonment 过错监禁
114.trespa to land/ chattels非法入侵土地／动产 115.right to exclusive use of land 土地完整使用权 116.ownership 所有权 117.charge 指控
118.physical harm 身体伤害
119.standard of care/duty of care注意标准／注意责任 120.contributory /comparative negligence共同／相对的过
失
121.aumption of the risk 自担风险 122.proximate cause近因 123.foreseeablity预见力 124.actionable 可诉的
125.tortuous/intervening act侵权行为／介入行为 126.strict liability 严格责任 127.privity of contract合同关系
128.deformation/ slander/libel 诽谤罪／（口头）诽谤／（书
面）诽谤Unit 9
129.promise/ promisor/ promise 承诺／承诺人／受承诺人 130.promiory obligation 约定义务 131.quasi contract 准契约 132.unjust enrichment 不当得利 133.aignee受让人
134.the third party beneficiary第三方受益人
135.offer/counter offer/ offeror/ offeree要约／反要约/发要
约人／受要约人 136.acceptance 承诺 137.bargain 讨价还价
138.bilateral contract/ unilateral contract双务合同／单务合
同
139.irrevocable offer不可撤销的要约 140.contract of adhesion 格式合同 141.consideration 对价
142.gratuitous promise单方获益的承诺143.enforceable contract可强制执行的合同 144.estoppel禁止反言 145.immunity 豁免权
146.frustration/impoibility/ discharge of contract中止／
不能履行／终止的合同
147.binding agreement 有约束力的协议 148.freedom of contract 缔约自由
