Unit 16
Logistics
教学目的和要求：
1.了解物流的定义 2.了解物流的组成模块 3.了解货物流和信息流
教学重点：
1.物流的定义 2.物流的组模块 3.货物流和信息流
教学过程：
一、复习提问
1.What is the definition of multimodal transport? 2.What are the advantages of multimodal transport? 3.What are the different types of multimodal transport operations?
二、New Words and Expreions
logistics
军事后勤学，物流
supply chain
供应链
value chain
价值链
demand chain
需求链
inventory
库存
warehousing
仓储
integration
整合
procurement
采购
inbound
向内的，入内的
三、Definition of Logistics
1
Logistics is the proce of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.(The Council of Logistics Management)
Logistics is the proce of strategically managing the procurement, movement and storage of materials, parts and finished inventory (and the related information flows) through the organization and its marketing channels in such a way that current and future profitability are maximized through the cost-effective fulfillment of orders.(Martin Christopher)
四、The Logistical Value Proposition
It has been established that logistics should be managed as an integrated effort to achieve customer satisfaction at the lowest total cost.
The modern challenge is to create value.
五、The Work of Logistics
For a supply chain to realize the maximum strategic benefit of logistics, the full range of functional work must be integrated.It is the interrelation of functions that challenges the succeful implementation of integrated logistical management.Work related to these functional areas combines to create the capabilities needed to achieve logistical value.
(1) Order Proceing
In most supply chains, customer requirements are transmitted in the form of orders.
The proceing of orders
Order receipt
Delivery
Invoicing
2 Collection
(2) Inventory
The objective in inventory strategy is to achieve desired customer service with the minimum inventory commitment.
Five aspects of selective deployment for a sound inventory strategy
Core customer segmentation
Product profitability
Transportation integration
Time-based performance
Competitive performance
(3) Transportation
Transportation is the operational area of logistics that geographically moves and positions inventory.
Transportation requirements can be satisfied in three basic ways.
A private fleet of equipment may be operated.
Contracts may be arranged with dedicated transport specialists.
An enterprise may engage the services of a wide variety of carriers that provide different transportation services on a per shipment basis.
From the logistical system viewpoint, three factors are fundamental to transportation performance
Cost
Speed
Consistency
In designing a logistical system, a delicate balance must be maintained
3 between transportation cost and service quality.
(4) Warehousing, Materials Handling, and Packing
Inventory typically needs to be warehoused at selected times during the logistics proce.
Transportation vehicles require materials handling for efficient loading and unloading.
The individual products are most efficiently handled when pachaged together into shipping cartons or other unit loads.
(5) Facility Network
In busine operations, the number, size, and geographical relationship of facilities used to perform logistical operations directly impacts customer service capabilities and cost.
Typical logistical facilities:
Manufacturing plants
Warehouses
Cro-dock operations
Retail stores
六、Logistical Operations
(1) Inventory flow
As products and materials are procured, a value-added inventory flow is initiated, which ultimately results in ownership transfer of finished products to customers.
Three areas of logistical operations:
Market distribution
The movement of finished products to customers is market distribution.
Manufacturing support
4 The area of manufacturing support concentrates on managing work-in-proce inventory as it flows between stages of manufacturing.
Procurement
Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or aembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
(2) Information flow
Information from and about customers flows through the enterprise in the form of sales activity, forecasts, and orders.Vital information is refined into specific manufacturing, merchandising, and purchasing plans.
Information flow identifies specific locations within a logistical system that have requirements.
The primary objective of information flow management is to reconcile these differentials to improve overall supply chain performance.
Information requirements parallel the actual work performed in market distribution, manufacturing support, and procurements.
七、小结并布置作业：
1.What is the definition of logistics? 2.What are the five areas of logistical work? 3.What interrelations between inventory flow and information flow? 5
