北京天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛,也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑。下面就是小编跟大家分享北京天坛中英文导游词，欢迎大家阅读！
The temple of heaven in Beijing is located in the southeast of Beijing outer urban, the imperial palace south by east, outside the qianmen east, the Ming dynasty in the eighteenth year of yongle (1420), is the ancient Chinese emperors of the Ming and qing dynasties all previous dynasties.The building complex is a place where emperors worship heaven, creating a symbolic link to strengthen the hierarchy of Confucius\' society.The total area of 273 hectares is the building of the emperors of the Ming and qing dynasties used to \"pray for heaven\".Temple of Heaven in 1961, the state council promulgated the Temple of Heaven as \"the national key cultural relic protection unit\"; Recognized by UNESCO as a \"world heritage site\" in 1998; In 2009, the temple of heaven in Beijing was selected by the China world records aociation, China\'s largest living emperor.The main attractions
Circular mound altar altar
Circular mound altar altar, also known as worship, worship the tiantai, altar, is an open-air three-layer circular stone altar, as the emperor worship place on the winter solstice, built during Ming jiajing nine years (in 1530), the qing emperor qianlong (1749) the expansion of fourteen years.The circumference of the altar is 534 meters, the altar is 5.2 meters high, and the number of columns and steps of each floor of the top and middle and lower levels are all in Yang (also known as \"number of days\", which is a multiple of nine), and the symbol \"jiu5\".The jars were lined with aiye.The surface of the jars is round and round, and all the surrounding circles are fans, and the number is also Yang.Each layer has a han-white marble column, which is a multiple of 9.The circular SLATE of the top center is called the solarite or the tianxin stone, and the sound wave will be reflected by the nearby panels to form a significant echo.
In ancient China, the number of the singular is called the Yang number, and the double number is called the Yin number.In the number of Yang, the number 9 is \"the pole of Yang number\", which indicates that the height of the celestial body is called \"the number of days\".The ancients believed that nine is the pole of the Yang number, which indicates that the emperor is the son of heaven and the height of the emperor.Therefore, the whole circular mound altar USES the nine multiple to represent the authority of the heavenly son.The column of the circular mound and the number of steps, etc., are multiples of 9 or 9.The outer layer of the top round SLATE is a fanburning stove, a kiln, an oven, and a platform.North of the altar, there is a royal dry temple, with a width of five, originally placed the ancestor god card, later the card displacement to the temple.The altar also has a prayer gate, the god library, the god cook, the slaughter house, the walk and the corridor and other ancillary buildings.On the south side of the corridor there are seven stars stone, which is the stone of the jiajing period.
The main building of the temple of heaven is the hall of prayer, which was built in the eighteenth year of Ming dynasty (1420).Every year, the emperor held a memorial service here, praying for good weather and good harvest.QiNianDian aumes the circular, diameter of 32 meters, QiNianDian 38 meters high, is a three double-hipped roof on the top of the gold treasure of a circular hall, temple eaves color deep blue, is blue glazed tile paving, because the day is blue, the symbol to day.
The hall of prayer is excellent in architecture, and the hall of prayer, with 28 nanmu pillars and 36 links, is supported by the eaves of the three layers.The pillars have different symbolic meanings: the four pillars of the center are called the stud, representing the four seasons.The middle twelve pillars representing twelve months; The outer 12 eaves, representing the twelfth hour; The outer layers add up to 24 solar terms.The three layers add up to 28, representing 28 stars.The eight children\'s pillars on the top of the pillars represent 36 days gang; Baoding the thunder pillar, on behalf of the emperor.Its ancillary buildings include the imperial hall of the emperor, the year of the Lord, the god library, the kitchen of god, the slaughter house, the burnt wood stove, the garden, the table, the walk, and the 72 corridors.The square on the south side of the corridor has seven stars stone with carved mountain cloud pattern, which is the town stone laid in the Ming jiajing.
This hall is located in the area of 5900 square meters of the round white jade platform, the platform is divided into 3 layers, the height is 6 meters, each layer has the hanbai jade baluster of carved flowers.This base and hall are inseparable art.When visitors acro a front door of QiNianDian, to look and see the straight tube, extended to the south, along the porch of the gate, the smaller the farther, the distant end, have a feeling that came down from heaven.No wonder that a French architectural experts said after a visit to the temple of heaven: skyscrapers than QiNianDian much higher, but not QiNianDian that tall and profound artistic conception, reach QiNianDian height of art.The hall was burned and burned by lightning in 1889 (15 years after the qing dynasty).It was said that the main columns of the temple were made of aloes wood, and when burned, the scent of the fragrance could be smelled outside of it.The next year, the emperor summoned the princes to discu the restoration of the hall of prayer.Because can\'t find the pattern, in charge of the national construction affairs ministry kept once participated in the temple praying to the repair of the craftsmen were summoned, according to memory, oral, let them produce pattern, construction again.Therefore, the present prayer hall is the building of the qing dynasty guangxu period, but the basic building form, structure and the appearance of the Ming dynasty.
Kowloon sunk panel
In the hall of prayer, the ceiling is a delicate \"Kowloon caion\", and longjing column is painted with gold.There is a plane inside the central circular marble, the decorative pattern on the end, is naturally formed longfeng pattern, a row dragon holding a phoenix, this is the \"longfeng stone\", namely \"in extremely good fortune\".Legend has it that the stone was originally only the phoenix pattern, but the top of the temple only had carved dragons, the older days, the dragon, the phoenix had the inspiration, the golden dragon often flies down to the phoenix to seek the phoenix.Only found one day to worship the emperor jiajing, bow to bow down on the stone, jinlong to fly back, together with the stone of the phoenix was emperor jiajing pre it into a boulder, can no longer, since then became a deep shallow longfeng stone.When the house of prayer was burned in 1889, the dragon and phoenix stone was burned by the fire for a day and night.Although the stones were not burnt, the dragon grain was burnt to a light black, and the phoenix lines were blurred.In front of the hall, there are nine rooms of the east and west, which are called the east and west sides.God worship in Ming dynasty, in addition to offering prayers to god, but also with the royal family their ancestors, as well as day, month, five star, east, west, south, north, the big five yue, five township, five small yue, all four blaspheme (lakes), of the thunderstorm, mountains and rivers, tai sui, Taoism and so on various gods and every emperor, etc.
Borrow from QiNianDian manner running, the sixth Beijing park festival will be opened in the temple of heaven QiNianDian on August 18, \"ten interactive fitne competition\", \"ten red movie retrospective\", \"top ten brand\" of the people\'s livelihood service hundreds of events such as weaving, give citizens rich cultural feast.
The hall of abstinence
The palace is located in the west altar, covering an area of about 40,000 square meters and a double wall.There are 167 corridors around the inner wall.It is the guards\' shelter.The main hall is one of the five famous buildings in Beijing.The top is covered with a blue glazed tile, indicating that you dare not call it before heaven.The front patio of the temple is equipped with a pavilion of inscriptions and a bronze pavilion of fasting, a bronze height of 1.5 ruler, wearing the ancient style of official clothes, holding a moment of \"fasting\" in the bronze medal, the legend of the tang dynasty prime minister wei zheng system (wei zheng is known for daring to admonish).After the main hall is five bedtimes, for the emperor to worship the place of the fast.
Dan pursuit bridge
The danba bridge is also known as hai stud road, which is a broad path through the north-south and series central axis.It is built with white stone.Dani bridge north of the valley of prayer, south of circular mound altar, 360 meters long and 29 wide.Four meters, south is low north.In the road, the \"Shinto road\", left \"the imperial road\", right \"wang dao\" (accompany the courson road).Avenue, a east-west coupons hole under the call into the shape of the door, every time a sacrifice, all the \"sacrifice\" tied up with yellow wool, with wooden bowl sheng live fish, drums and through the door \", so the hole is also called the gate of hell.
Seven star stone
Seven stars in the square on the east end of the corridor, there are eight large stones.It was said that when the Ming dynasty was founded in Beijing, it wanted to find a place to worship.One night, the gate of heaven was open, and the big dipper fell here, so it was built in heaven.In fact, these stones are very ordinary.In the nine years of Ming jiajing (1530), a Taoist priest said that the place was too empty for the emperor and huang shou.The qing dynasty added a stone to the northeast, indicating that it did not forget its ancestral home.
The long corridor
The long corridor is also called the 72nd corridor, which is the link between god\'s kitchen and the god\'s kitchen, and also the main road to the hall of prayer.There were seventy-two in the gallery, and seventy in a second.The old legend was the place where the evil spirits gathered, and the shadows were whirling outside the window.Now the long corridor window can all be dismantled, become a beautiful and bright corridor, it is the good place for the tourist to rest the cool
well ，that is all for this tour.thank you for your attention.i look forward to your next visit.good luck and bon voyage.
北京天坛
北京天坛地处原北京外城的东南部，故宫正南偏东，正阳门外东侧，始建于明朝永乐十八年（1420年），是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。这个建筑综合体是帝王祭天的场所，它创造了一个象征性的联系，来加强孔子的社会的等级制度。总面积为273公顷，是明清两代帝王用以“祭天”“祈谷”的建筑。天坛（Temple of Heaven）1961年，国务院公布天坛为“全国重点文物保护单位”；1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”；2009年，北京天坛入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇帝祭天建筑。
主要景点
圜丘坛
圜丘坛又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至祭天的地方，始建于明嘉靖九年（1530年），清乾隆十四年（1749年）扩建。坛周长534米，坛高5.2米，分上、中、下三层，各层栏板望柱及台阶数目均用阳数（又称“天数”，即九的倍数），符\"九五\"之尊。坛面用艾叶青石砌就。坛面除中心石是圆形外，外围各圈均为扇面形，数目也是阳数。每层都有汉白玉栏板望柱，均为9的倍数。顶层中心的圆形石板叫做太阳石或者天心石，站在其上呼喊或敲击，声波会被近旁的栏板反射，形成显着的回音。
古代中国将单数称作阳数，双数称作阴数。在阳数中，数字9是“阳数之极”，表示天体的至高至大，叫作“天数”。古人认为九是阳数之极，表示至高至大，皇帝是天子，也至高至大，所以整个圜丘坛都采用九的倍数来表示天子的权威。圜丘坛的栏板望柱和台阶数等，处处是9或者9的倍数。顶层圆形石板的外层是扇面形石块，共有9层。最内一层有9块石块，而每往外一层就递增9块，中下层亦是如此。三层栏板的数量分别是上屋栏板72块，中层108块，下层180块，合360周天度数。三层坛面的直径总和为45丈，除了是9的倍数外，还暗含“九五之尊”的寓意。
圜丘坛外有两重围墙，内圆外方，四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台三座（南北二座只余遗迹），东南角有燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。
皇穹宇
圜丘坛以北是皇穹宇，皇穹宇院落位于圜丘坛外壝北侧，坐北朝南，圆形围墙，南面设三座琉璃门，主要建筑有皇穹宇和东西配殿，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。祭天时使用的祭祀神牌都存放在这里。它始建于嘉靖九年（1530年），初名泰神殿，十七年（1538年）起改称皇穹宇。乾隆十七年（1752年）重修后为鎏金宝顶单檐攒尖顶建筑，用蓝色琉璃瓦铺设屋顶，象征青天。大殿直径15.6米，高19.02米，由八根金柱和八根檐柱共同支撑起巨大的殿顶，三层天花藻井层层收进，构造精巧。殿正中有汉白玉雕花的圆形石座，供奉“皇天上帝”牌位，左右配享皇帝祖先的神牌。正殿东西各有配殿，分别供奉日月星辰和云雨雷电等诸神牌位。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭，坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上，周围均设石护栏。另外，在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声；于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声；于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。
回音壁是皇穹宇的围墙。墙高3.72米，厚0.9米，直径61.5米，周长193.2米。墙壁是用磨砖对缝砌成的，墙头覆着蓝色琉璃瓦。围墙的弧度十分规则，墙面极其光滑整齐，对声波的折射是十分规则的。只要两个人分别站在东、西配殿后，贴墙而立，一个人靠墙向北说话，声波就会沿着墙壁连续折射前进，传到
一、二百米的另一端，无论说话声音多小，也可以使对方听得清清楚楚，而且声音悠长，堪称奇趣，给人造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。所以称之为“回音壁”。
祈年殿
祈年殿在天坛的北部，也称为祈谷坛，原名大祈殿、大享殿，始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），是天坛最早的建筑物。乾隆十六年（1751年）修缮后，改名为祈年殿。光绪十五年（1889年）毁于雷火，数年后按原样重建。目前的祈年殿是一座直径32.72米的圆形建筑，鎏金宝顶蓝瓦三重檐攒尖顶，层层收进，总高38米。
祈年殿的殿座就是圆形的祈谷坛，三层6米高，气势巍峨。坛周有矮墙一重，东南角设燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛北有皇干殿，面阔五间，原先放置祖先神牌，后来牌位移至太庙。坛边还有祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、走牲路和长廊等附属建筑。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，是嘉靖年间放置的镇石。
天坛的主体建筑是祈年殿，始建于明永乐十八年（1420年）。皇帝每年都在这里举行祭天仪式，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。祈年殿呈圆形，直径32米，祈年殿高38米，是一座有鎏金宝顶的三重檐的圆形大殿，殿檐颜色深蓝，是用蓝色琉璃瓦铺砌的，因为天是蓝色的，以此来象征天。
祈年殿在建筑上出色之处是，祈年殿用28根楠木大柱和36块互相衔接的榜、桷，支撑着三层连体的殿檐。这些大柱有不同的象征意义：中央四柱叫通天柱，代表四季；中层十二根金柱，代表十二个月；外层十二根檐柱，代表十二时辰；中外层相加二十四根代表二十四节气；三层相加二十八根，代表二十八星宿；加柱顶八根童柱，代表三十六天罡；宝顶下雷公柱，代表皇帝一统天下。其附属建筑有皇乾殿、祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、燔柴炉、瘗坎、具服台、走牲路及72间长廊等。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，石上镂刻山形云纹图案，是明嘉靖时放置的镇石。
这座大殿坐落在面积达5900多平方米的圆形汉白玉台基上，台基分3层，高6米，每层都有雕花的汉白玉栏杆。这个台基与大殿是不可分的艺术整体。当游人跨出祈年殿的大门，往南望去，只见那条笔直的甬道，往南伸去，一路上门廊重重，越远越小，极目无尽，有一种从天上下来的感觉。难怪一位法国的建筑专家在游览了天坛之后说：摩天大厦比祈年殿高得多，但却没有祈年殿那种高大与深邃的意境，达不到祈年殿的艺术高度。这座大殿在1889年（清光绪十五年）被雷击起火焚毁，据说，当时殿的大柱是用沉香木做的，燃烧时，清香的气味，数里之外都可以闻到。翌年，皇帝召集群臣商量重建祈年殿。因找不到图样，掌管国家建筑事务的工部便把曾经参加过祈所殿修缮事务的工匠们召集来，让他们根据记忆、口述制成图样，再施工建造。因此，现在的祈年殿是清代光绪年间的建筑，但是，基本建筑形式、结构，还保留着明代的样子。
九龙藻井
祈年殿内，天花板处是精致的“九龙藻井”，龙井柱则是描金彩绘。殿内中央有一块平面圆形大理石，石面上的花纹，是自然形成的龙凤花纹，一条行龙抱着一只凤凰，这便是“龙凤石”，即“龙凤呈祥”。 相传，这块石头上原来只有凤纹，而殿顶藻井内只有雕龙，年长日久，龙、凤有了灵感，金龙常常飞下来找凤石上的凤凰寻欢。不料有一天正遇见嘉靖皇帝来祭天，在石上跪拜行礼，金龙来不及飞回去，和石上的凤凰一起被嘉靖皇帝压进圆石里面，再也无法出来，从此才变成一深一浅的龙凤石。1889年祈年殿被焚烧时，这块龙凤石被烈火熏烧了一个昼夜，石块虽未被烧碎，但龙纹被烧成浅黑色，凤纹被烧得模糊不清。祈年殿前有东、西配殿各九间，称东庑和西庑，是收藏配神牌位的库房。明代祭天时，除祭祷皇天上帝外，还要配祭皇族朱氏祖先，以及日、月五星，东、西、南、北、中的五大岳，五小岳的五镇，四海四渎（河湖）、风云雷雨、山川、太岁、道教等各神祗和历代帝王等。
借于祈年殿的气势巍峨，第六届北京公园节将于8月18日在天坛祈年殿开幕，“十项互动健身竞赛”、“十部红色电影回顾展”、“十大服务民生品牌”等百余项活动交织登场，为市民献上丰富的文化盛宴。
斋宫
斋宫位于西坛门内，占地约四万平方米，双重围墙，内墙四周有廊167间，是卫士们避风雨处，正殿为五间无梁殿，是京城著名建筑之一。顶部用蓝色琉璃瓦覆盖，表示在天之前不敢称尊。殿前露台上设有时辰碑亭和斋戒铜人亭，铜人高1．5尺，身穿古代文官服，手持一刻有“斋戒”二字的铜牌，相传是仿唐朝宰相魏征而制（魏征以敢谏著称）。正殿后是五间寝宫，为皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。
丹陛桥
丹陛桥又叫海墁大道，是一条贯通南北、串联中轴线上建筑的宽广甬路，以白石筑成。丹陛桥北连祈谷坛，南接圜丘坛，长360米，宽29．4米，南低北高。路面中为“神道”，左为“御道”，右为“王道”（陪臣走的路）。大道下有一东西走向的券洞，叫进牲门，每次祭祀，都用黄绒线将“牲”捆好，用木盆盛活鱼，击鼓奏乐穿门而过，因此此洞也叫鬼门关。
七星石
七星石在长廊东端的广场上，有八块巨石。传 说明代建都北京时想寻找一祭天场所，一天夜里，天门大开，北斗七星落于此地，于是在此建天坛祀 天。其实这些石头极为普通，明嘉靖九年（ 1530 年），有一道士说这里太空旷，不利于皇位和皇寿，就设七石镇在这里。清朝又在东北方加一石头，表示不忘祖籍。
长廊
长廊也叫七十二廊，既是联接神库、神厨等处的纽带，也是通往祈年殿的主道。该廊有七十二间，又叫七十二连房。旧时传说是七十二地煞鬼聚集的地方，窗外松影婆娑，阴森可怖。现在长廊窗坎全部被拆除，成了一条美丽豁亮的通廊，是游人休息纳凉的好去处
