推荐第1篇：沈阳故宫英文介绍
Shenyang Imperial Palace
Hello,everyone!Please allow me to expre a warm welcome on behalf of Shenyang citizens.I\'m with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on I will show you around Shenyang Imperial Palace,shere the founder of Qing Dynasty Nuerhachi and his son Huangtaiji lived.Shenyang Imperial Palace ,Fuling tomb and Zhaoling Tomb made in the early period of Qing Dynasty are the three famous historical sites in Shenyang .
Shenyang Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and HuangTaiji.After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.They were Emperor Kangxi,Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang.Therefore,until 1783 the palace was finally finished.
Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in China.The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing.Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled \"Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings\" in 1961 by the State Council.This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectual styles of the minorities of Man,Han and Mongolia.
This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters,comprising over 20 courtyards,300 houses and 70 buildings.The whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.
First let\'s pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards.The first courtyard is the office area.It starts from the Grand Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall.From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area.They all lay out on the same line.
The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate,also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of Heaven and the palace should be the center of universe .The Grand Qing Gate was bulilt in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian offcials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .The special feature of the gate is the tile color.They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.Yellow synbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.
The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple(Taimiao)with yellow tile roof,where Nuerhachi\'s descendants offeredsacrifices to their ancestors for bleings.So Ancestor Temple is the most important.
Please follow me into the gate.This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion (Feilongge) and Flying Phoenix Pavilion(Xiangfengge) on each side.The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military,administrative affairs in eatly Qing Dynasty and had witneed many national ceremories.Flying Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.
Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaiji\'s office.In front of the hall are Rigui and Jiangliang,which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.
In accient construction,office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.Since we have visted the place where the Emperors worked and now we\'ll pay a visite tothe place where empre and concubines lived.Here is the Phoenis Tower.It served as an entrances to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines,and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time .It is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous Eight fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.
Look upward ,we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower ,on which Emperor Qianlong inscribed \"Ziqidonglai\",which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated fron Shengjing,the old name for Shenyang to the east .There are 24staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in chinese lunar calendar.In Shenyang Imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden city in Beijing.
Walking through the tower are the rear chambers.The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall,which was prepared for emperor and empre.The other four lying on both sides were fo concubines .Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the First from the east was where Huangraiji paed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.His throne paed to his ninth son,Fulin.In early Qing Dynasty,the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house,zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opende in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.The zigzag beds,made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called\"kang\"in Chinese.In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter,tunnels was made under the ground of Purity and Tranquility Hall to put fire and smoke through .Now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.This red pole is called Suolun pole,or Holy Pole.Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.It was said that Nuerhachi was savedby crows.Crows are considered sacred in Manchurian culture though in Chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.
Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines.Among the four concubines Chen was loved best by Huangtaiji and Concubine Zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor,Fulin.Therefore ,she had a special status among the concubines.
The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers ,representing the 11 emperors from Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi.This chimney was the highest one at that time.In Chinese ,the sound of chimeny\"tong\" is the same as that of unity.
To the north further is rear courtyard called Yuhua Garden.
After visiting the middle section of the palace ,we come to the eastern section.Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall,flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions.This part was built in 1625,and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace.Great Administration Hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.
Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system.Now please look at the ten pavilions,five on each side,which were the offices of the commanders at that time.Here I will give you an introduction to the military system of early Manchurian Period .Nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .There sere then four kinds of banner:red,blue,white and yellow banner.As the troops expanded quickly ,another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .By then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.This army was therefore well known for Eight Banner Army .
The last part of Shenyang Imperial Palace is the western section,built from 1782 to 1783 and during Emperor Qianlong\'s reign.Its main construction is Book Source Pavilion (Wensuge) with Theater Platform and Good Descendant-benefiting Hall(Jiayintang) in front,Prosperity Administration Stydy (Yangxizhai) and Nine Halls behind.Book Souurce Pavilion(wensuge) was specially designed for storing the encyclopedia compiled at that time,Si Ku Quan Shu.This encyclopedia collected most of the books in Chinese history .Its complication started in 1773.This set of history books is composed of seven sections,more than 36,000 volumes.It took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.When finished,the sholecneyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions acro China.The other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.This set is the only one well kept.But the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Gansu province library.We can see that Book Source Pavilion covered with black tiles.In Chinese philosophy,black refers water.The pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.So black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection .Good Proserty Admiration Study was for Emperor reading while Descendant-benefiting Hall and the Theater Platform consisting of a couryard for Emperor ,his empre and concubines watching plays.
Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the cultural relics in China and it is the symbol of this city .It is a good combination of diferent nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.And now we have to end our visiting ,I hope you all
推荐第2篇：故宫英文导游词
The Meridian Gate The Forbidden City has four gates.Here is the Meridian Gate, the main entrance to the Forbidden City.In Chinese, we call it Wumen.Men in Chinese means gate.And Wu is the short of Ziwu in Chinese which could be translated as meridian line in English.According to the ancient Chinese compa, the word “meridian” indicates the direction of the south.So the Meridian Gate also served as the south gate of the Forbidden City.Besides, Chinese emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the Forbidden City and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe.This is why Chinese emperors considered themselves as the “Son of the Heaven.” So the Forbidden City best demonstrates the elements of Chinese palace architecture, such as “supremacy”, “hierarchy” and “everlasting.”
Now please look at the central gateway.It was exclusively for the emperor.The empre could use it once when she got married on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony.On that day, the empre could be permitted to enter the Forbidden City through the middle doorway on a sedan chair.That is the only chance in her life.
Another exception was for the top three outstanding scholars who paed the Imperial Palace Examination.Just on the day when the results were announced, they were allowed to go through the central gateway.This was the greatest honor for the Chinese scholars in the old time.And this is why Chinese people have been valuing education so much.The gate as high as Tower.The Meridian Gate is 35 meters high.The gate is topped by five towers commonly known as the Five Phoenix Towers.It is recorded that the towers were installed with the bells and drums.When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck.When he went to the Ancestral Temple, drums were beaten in order to publicize the event.
As a matter of fact, there were mainly two functions for the Meridian Gate.One is for Chinese emperor to enjoy the festival activities and the other is for reviewing the official ceremonies.“Court Beating” also took place in front of the Meridian Gate; it is a kind of punishment for those offending officials by beating them on their buttocks with sticks.And any officials who went against the emperor’s wishes would be taken out of the Meridian Gate and be beaten in this way; some of them even were beaten to death on the spot.But fortunately, this terrible punishment was abolished in the Qing Dynasty.Outside the gate there are 3 gateways and they are rectangle, but inside the gate, there are 5 gateways and there are round.And this is the typical building method for imperial constructions.Three obvious doorways can be seen from the outside, but five seen from inside.In Chinese traditions, people believe that the heaven is round and earth is rectangle.
The Symbolism of the Architecture in the Palace Museum Ladies and gentlemen, you may have seen a winding brook before us.It is the Inner Golden Water River.There are 3 reasons to dig a river channel here.First of all, the river is shaped like a bow, and the five marble bridges look like five arrows.This layout shows that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of Heaven.Secondly, the river was for draining the rain water away from the Forbidden City.Thirdly, it is used for the fire prevention.Just like the emperors want to report to the heaven, that’s why the gateways of meridian gate is round inside.The round represent heaven.Now we are walking acro the bridge and entering the courts of the palace.Here is the Gate of Supreme Harmony.There are a pair of bronze lions who are guarding the gate.In China, no matter yesterday or today, people regard stone, iron and bronze lions, placed at the gate, could ward off the evil spirits.Ladies and Gentlemen, could you tell me which lion is male and which is female? (yeah, you are so smart/ sorry, you said the opposite) The lion on the right is female, and she is playing with a baby lion.The Female lion and the lion cub are considered to be symbol of prosperity of the royal family’s offspring.The male lion, playing with a ball, is said to represent the emperor’s supreme power and state unity.Chinese people are good at imagination and symbolization.
Now you can see the figures on the roof, they are the glazed tiles with the mythical animal statues to prevent the tiles from sliding down.The roofs are decorated with a line of statuettes led by a man riding a phoenix and followed by dragon, Phoenix, Lion, Heavenly Horse, Sea Horse, and so on.The number of statuettes represents the status of the building—a minor building might have 3 or 5.Look at the Hall of Supreme Harmony: it has 10, the only building in China to be permitted this numbers that time.You can see the yellow roof under the sun is gorgeous, the color of Yellow is the exclusive color of the Chinese emperors.The red and yellow colors used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang Dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear in it and use the color of yellow in their architecture.As you can see, all the roofs in the Forbidden City are yellow.There are only two exceptions.The library at the Pavilion of the Source of Literature had black tiles because black was aociated with water, for the purpose of fire-prevention.Similarly, the Crown Prince’s residences have green tiles because green was aociated with woo, and wood indicates growth and future.The Chinese color culture is very interesting.Believe it or not.Number is another culture point related to the Chinese architecture.According to the Chinese theory of Qian and Kun, the main halls of the Outer and Inner courts in the Forbidden City are all arranged in groups of six—the shape of the Kun Trigram, representing the Earth.According to the Chinese theory of Five Elements, the elements are fire, water, earth, wood and metal.Wood is said to overcome the earth.That’s why the three big halls in the Forbidden City were built on a three-tiered marble terrace, shaped like the Chinese character “earth”.
The Out Court and Inner Palace The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner palace.The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence.At the rear of the Inner Palace is Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.The most important buildings are situated on the central north-south axis.Beyond the Gate of Supreme Harmony, there stands the Hall of Supreme Harmony.It stands along the north-south axis on the triple marble terrace.Each terrace is higher than the other, encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.The dragon and phoenix were symbols of the emperors and the emprees, respectively.You’ll find 18 bronze incense burners, representing the 18 provinces of China during the Qing Dynasty.Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are the hall of Middle Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony.The Hall of Supreme Harmony, also known as the Throne Hall, was first built in 1420.It is the largest existing hall of wooden structure in China.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties here used to be the place where the emperor had grand ceremonies.For example, the new emperor’s enthronement ceremony, emperor’s birthdays and wedding ceremonies and other important occasions such as the Winter Solstice, the Chinese New Year and the dispatch of generals to battles, and so on.On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35 meters high with a double-layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all.Right in the center of the hall stands a red sandalwood platform about 2 meters high.The emperor’s gilded throne, carved with nine dragons, is placed on the platform.Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes, two elephant-shaped incense burner and two tripods in the shape of mythical beasts.The pillars, encircling the platform, are decorated with coiled dragons.Above the throne is the gold painted caion ceiling.In the middle of the ceiling is the design of two dragons playing with pearls.The pearls, so called “Xuanyuan Mirror”, were made of gla and painted with mercury.It represents orthodox succeion.It was believed that “Xuanyuan Mirror” was a symbol of the emperor who was the legitimate succeor.It was also a symbol to subdue fire.The floor is paved with “golden bricks”.The hall is heavily painted with dragons and has an aura of solemnity and mystery.The Hall of Middle Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides.Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies.It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held.Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with clouds and dragons carved in relief.The marble, 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor’s sedan was carried up or down the terrace.It is the largest piece of stone carving in the Imperial Palace.
The Gate of Heavenly Purity leads to the Inner Palace.The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size.They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility.The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors.Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Hall of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs.After the emperor’s death, his coffin was placed here for a period of mourning.The Palace of Union and Peace was the empre’s throne room, where the empre held the important ceremonies and her birthday celebration.The Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empre, was partitioned.The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empre spent their first two nights after their wedding.Behind these three halls lies the Imperial Garden.Relatively small, and compact in design, the garden neverthele contains several elaborate landscaping features.To the north of the garden is the Gate of Divine Prowe, the north gate of the palace.
Distributed to the east and west of the three rear palaces are a series of self-contained courtyards and minor palaces, where the Emperor’s concubines lived.The Hall of Mental Cultivation is located on the south side of the Six Western Palaces.Originally a minor palace, after Qing Emperor Yongzheng moved his living quarters here, this palace had become the most important building besides the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City.
Hall of Mental Cultivation Eastern Chamber is of historical interest because it was here that Empre Dowager Cixi gave audiences behind a screen or controlled power behind the throne for many years, a political phenomenon which was previously unheard of in the records of the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911).When Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne in 1862 at the age of six, Empre Dowager Cixi and Ci’an (the first empre of Xianfeng ) both sat on a throne in the room, which was separated from the Emperor’s throne by a screen, to aist him in the conduct of state affairs.This practice continued when Emperor Guangxu succeeded to the throne in 1875 at the age of four.But with the sudden death of Ci’an one morning in 1881, state power paed entirely into the hands of the Empre Dowager Cixi.Empre Ci’an was believed to be poisoned to death by Cixi.Cixi effectively held the power and ruled China for as long as 48 years.However, she had to stay behind the screen all the time because at that time in China women were not supposed to be in the Outer Court or to hold any public positions.
推荐第3篇：北京故宫英文导游词
故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。下面是小编收集整理的北京故宫英文导游词八篇，希望对您有所帮助！
Article One: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Ladies and gentlemen, children: Hello, everybody! Welcome to the Imperial Palace.I\'m glad to be able to serve you today.I\'m the guide Li Dong, and everyone calls me Xiao Li.The Imperial Palace is the largest royal garden Museum in China.I am very happy to have the opportunity to accompany you to enjoy its beautiful architectural art and spend this wonderful time together.
The the Imperial Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing.Today, it is called the Imperial Palace.It is unique, exquisitely carved, ancient architectural masterpiece in China.
Tourists, now we have come to the hall of Taihe.The Imperial Palace is the three main hall of the temple, built in the 5 meter high white marble platform, the platform is surrounded by carved dragon pillars.Approached the Taihe palace, you will find the Queen\'s place of residence, there are dragon, golden dragon throne and Lek powder column.
Tourists, we continue to go forward, now come to Zhonghe hall, Zhonghe hall in the temple of Taihe, is one of the three main hall of the Imperial Palace.The hall is a square hall with a single spires.Yellow glazed tiles four corners to save the top, is the place of the royal life.
Then go inside is then, Paul hall and hall is located, is the the Imperial Palace Hall three tail.There are things on both sides of the house for the art history museum, on display from the primitive society to the Qing Dynasty six thousand years of Chinese art treasures.
It goes to the depth of the Imperial Garden.It covers an area of eleven thousand square meters.It centers on the palace of Qinan.It is the back garden of the emperor.
Ladies and gentlemen, our tour of today is about to end.It\'s a great pleasure to spend this wonderful time with you.If I have any suggestion or request for my tour guide today, please put forward some valuable advice and I will try my best to correct it.I wish you all a good time.Thank you
Article two: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Dear visitors:
Hello everyone！ I\'m your guide.My name is Xu Ying, and I\'ll call me a little bit.Now I will lead you to visit the Imperial Palace and appreciate the cultural heritage of our country.
The Imperial Palace is the imperial palace of two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient building group in existence.So we should not throw rubbish or touch things when we visit, so that we can enjoy the the Imperial Palace with a historic atmosphere.(reminding the places that visitors should pay attention to)
Entering the gate of the temple of Taihe, it is a magnificent palace that shows in front of you.The largest wooden building in front of the building, it is very striking, that is the temple of Taihe.It is the symbol of the imperial power, and whenever there is a great event, the emperor holds it here.Behind a row of beautiful decoration embarraing palace and temple, there are.(in accordance with the order of sightseeing)
After swimming the splendid hall of Taihe, we can walk north, and we can feel the breath of life here.All the living things here are first cla at that time, and the outdoors in the back of the palace are the Imperial Garden.Its pattern and layout are compact, antique and ornament with flowers and trees.The pavilions, terraces and open halls.It is a good place to be elegant and enjoyable.All along, the east of the Imperial Palace towers and other three towers from afar.Their peculiar shape, and form a perfect exquisite beyond compare, pictures of the surrounding environment.
How many working people\'s sweaty and wisdom has been condensed by this magnificent project! In fact, the Imperial Palace was succeful in December 1987, and since then it has become a tourist attraction of cultural heritage.
This is the end of this journey, and I wish you all a good time.Thank you
Article three: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Hello everyone！ I am this tour guide, you can call me Xiao Wang.For a moment, we will go to the famous, and is known as the world\'s top five of the first temple of the the Imperial Palace in Beijing.
Attention, everyone, if you do not want to let the garbage around the Imperial Palace, then don\'t litter.Children with children also have to take care of their children.
First of all, I would like to give you a brief introduction of its history: the the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City.Today, people call it the Imperial Palace, which means the Imperial Palace in the past, and it is the largest and most complete ancient architecture in the world.The area of the Imperial Palace is about 723600 square meters.It is said that there are 9999 rooms in the Imperial Palace.The Imperial Palace palace building is uniform wooden structure, yellow glazed and green Whitehead base and beautiful decoration painting.
Come and see the temple.It is 27 meters high and is paved on the ground with brick.The four corners of the roof are shining yellow glazed tiles on the roof, which is solemn and sacred.Is the central and temple placed all the supplies for the buddha.But no one knows, this is only a place where the emperor stopped at the temple of Taihe.
Imperial Garden is also beautiful.There are not only green and high pine and cypre in the garden, but also a lot of precious flowers and trees.A famous building with 20 superfluous places.The and named Chunting million century Pavilion Pavilion, the pavilion can be said today to save the most magnificent Pavilion.
Today, though we can\'t visit more beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace because of the time relationship, we believe you have seen a lot, learned a lot and enjoyed this tour.I wish you a pleasant journey home! Good health！ Next time to visit Beijing, please remember to contact Xiao Wang, and then spend a pleasant time with you.
Article four: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Good visitors, everyone! I am honored to be your guide.Today, I will lead you to tour the Imperial Palace together.
The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City, is the largest and most complete ancient architectural group in the world.It is incomparable, was founded in 1406 four years Le Yongming, and took fourteen years to complete.
The Imperial Palace is called the Forbidden City, it is because the \"purple\" is the Imperial Palace, the monarch should of course be involved with purple words.\"No\" means was heavily guarded, don\'t say is the ordinary people, even the emperor summoned officials not official nor secretly into the city, otherwise it will provoke fatal disaster, the Royal is forbidden, so also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the north of Tiananmen.
Now, in front of us is the temple of Taihe.
The temple of Taihe has several entrance and exit.The balustrade on the staircase engraved beautifully.
Come to the hall of Taihe, look up, and the hall of Taihe is like a giant giant.Taihe hall is 35 and 05 meters high, with an area of 2377 square meters, with a total of 55 rooms and 72 large columns.It is the tallest building in the Imperial Palace.
The temple of Taihe is like the fairy temple in the mythology.It is magnificent and beautiful.It is the place where the emperor held the grand ceremony.It\'s located in the throne two metres high, dragon column has six Lek powder around the gold throne.Have a different attitude and beautiful shape, and exquisite crane stove Ding front, rear and carved screens.The decoration of the whole hall is splendid and magnificent, and the beauty of the hall of Taihe is exclaimed.
Today\'s trip is here.I hope this trip will bring you joy, thank you.
Article five: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Hello, all of you, welcome to the the Imperial Palace in Beijing.I\'ll give you a brief introduction to the scenic spots here today.
Please follow my footsteps.We are in front of the famous the Imperial Palace Museum.Well, stepped into the gate, a templethe Imperial Palace.Please get off and visit.Look, how magnificent the the Imperial Palace is! It is a grand palace built by 230 thousand migrant workers and military workers after 14 years.It is the earliest palace in the East with 9999 rooms.It is the largest palace group in the world.
The area where the palace is located is called imperial city.It\'s 2500 meters wide.2700 meters long from north to south, the imperial city by tall and sturdy Chengzhuan brick, surrounded by a door -- door: East Donghua; West Xi\'an; SouthTiananmen.The Imperial Palace (included in the Beihai, the sea, the South China Sea).The top of the altar and the temple, built by the royal temple and other buildings.It\'s very spectacular.
Miyagi is called the Forbidden City.In the Imperial City, the north and the south are about 960, rice, about 760 meters, and the rectangular plane.The palace is surrounded by brick walls, corners and a beautiful wall is surrounded by open towers.Donghua east gate; West Xihua; Northshenwumen.The Meridian Gate built in the city high Jun magnificent, here is the Meridian Gate, the weather is mighty guarded, Ban Zhao place.
The Forbidden City, and the extension part roughly in two areas.North Korea is the emperor in his place, have after harmony.The three big hall.Each building in the white marble platform, as can be imagined, how precious ah!
The northern part of the whole palace is the Royal Garden - Summer Palace.There are the hall of Chin an in the garden.There are a variety of flowers, green pines and verdant cyprees, Guaidan Fu Li, water beads in the the Imperial Palace is the most warm place.The beautiful scenery of the Imperial Palace is great! I say I can\'t say it, or please do your own sightseeing.
Article seven: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Hello everyone！ My name is Shen Lei.It\'s your tour guide.You can call me Shen guide.First of all, I wish you a pleasant trip.When you get off, please take care of the stairs.
Let me introduce the the Imperial Palace to you.The the Imperial Palace in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing.Today it is called the the Imperial Palace, which means the palace of the past.It is the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle mobilized countle skilled craftsmen, magnificent buildings built in 14 years.The the Imperial Palace covers an area of 720 thousand square meters, with a total of more than 9000 houses.It is the largest and most well preserved ancient imperial palace in the world.The palace along a north-south axis arranged, symmetrical, neat layout.The Imperial Palace is also the 4 door, a Front Gate Meridian Gate, Donghua gate, east gate of Simon Xihua door, the north gate Shenwu gate.In the most notable is the three seat hall: the hall of Supreme Harmony, and hall and Paul hall, I also not described in detail later, you can have a free tour.
Around the three main hall, we went to the latter part of the the Imperial Palace, the palace of Heavenly Purity, Thai Temple and the lamps as the center, there are six things on both sides of the East and West six palace palace, is mainly the emperors and emprees lived.And the outer court building magnificent, Neiting very rich flavor of life.Which is used to the emperor\'s palace, the Queen\'s palace in the Ming Dynasty is the palace of earthly tranquility.We walked to the palace of earthly tranquility, behind the Imperial Garden, here is for the emperor and emprees rest, play place, there are towering pine and cypre, precious flowers and exquisite rocks.
Well, I introduced here is over, you can visit 17:30, after collection from the east gate of Donghua out of the door.Please don\'t litter in the park, free writing, I wish you a pleasant journey!
Article eight: the tour guide words in the Imperial Palace, Beijing
Dear friends, today I am going to show you the most complete and most beautiful palace in ancient China, &mdash, &mdash and the Imperial Palace.Before I have a formal visit, I\'ll give you a brief introduction to the tour guide.
The the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is the palace of the 24 emperors of the two dynasties of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China.It is located at the center of the central axis of Beijing.It covers an area of about 720 thousand square meters.It is the largest palace building of the existing scale.The Forbidden City the present temple has 2631, one of the most famous buildings after harmony, Wenhuage, Wuhan Yingge etc..The the Imperial Palace of Beijing is the key cultural relic protection unit in China, and is also a national 5A scenic area.It is also selected and selected \"the world cultural heritage list\".It can be seen that the historical value and cultural significance of the the Imperial Palace Museum.
Listen to my simple introduction through the guide words, I think you have a simple understanding of the the Imperial Palace.Love at the palace drama friends expect very much, want to see the queen, concubines living place, but I have to tell you that the drama shooting palace is not the Imperial Palace, but specifically for the filming of the building modeled on the the Imperial Palace.Therefore, there are many houses in the Imperial Palace that cannot be entered, but only far away.We hope you will strictly abide by the requirements, so as not to damage the historical relics.At the same time, I hope you do civilized paengers, no littering, no graffiti, with the hope that we.
After listening to the the Imperial Palace tour guide, I think you can\'t wait.Now we are going to have a tour.Please follow my footsteps to uncover the mysterious veil of the Imperial Palace.
推荐第4篇：北京故宫英文导游词
北京故宫
女士们、先生们，
欢迎大家来到北京，北京是中国的首都，也是我国的四大古都之一。2008年奥运会的成功举办更使这座古老的城市为许多外国朋友所熟知。大家稍作休息，请允许我自我介绍一下。我是大家北京之行的地接导游员我的名字叫温辉辉，那在我身边的这位是我们的司机张师傅。我们将会竭尽全力为大家提供最优质的服务。像我一样热情好客的北京人将以他们最热情的方式欢迎世界各地发朋友来到北京。在北京期间我们将游览故宫、长城、颐和园等景点。希望古老而又时尚的北京会给大家留下一段美好的回忆。
在北京我们游览的第一个景点就是故宫。提起故宫大家首先会想到它是中国皇帝居住过的地方。 但故宫的价值可不仅仅在于此。它更是我们中国历史、中国文化以及中国建筑的一个缩影。
故宫位于北京城的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。它是世界上显存最大、最完整的宫殿建筑群。至今约有六百年的历史，先后有24位皇帝在这里统治全国近500年。故宫又名紫禁城，那是因为在封建社会皇帝拥有最高的权利因此这个地方是禁止一般人进出。紫色是象征这北极星的颜色，这被认为是宇宙的中心 所以又名紫禁城。
紫禁城的建筑布局是对称的分为前朝和内廷。前朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为主体是举行大殿、朝贺、筵宴行使权力的地方。其中太和殿是故宫中规模最大等级最高的建筑。皇帝登基及册立皇后等重大仪式都在此举行。内廷以乾清宫、交太殿和坤宁宫为主体，是皇帝的寝宫和处理日常政务的地方。坤宁宫以北是御花园，是皇帝及其家人游玩的地方。
新中国成立以来，故宫得到良好的维护。1961年，故宫被入世界文化遗产名录。如今的故宫已是中国最大文化珍藏品博物馆，收藏着几百万件珍贵文物。
现在我要问大家一个问题，故宫的房间是九千九百九十九间半吗? 传说天宫的房间是一万间，人间的皇帝作为天帝的儿子，皇宫自然不能超过天宫，于是故宫便造了九千九百九十九间半。其实古代建筑是以“四柱一间”为标准的。经过古建筑专家实地调查统计，故宫所有的房间数量是8707，并非传说所言。
俗话说百闻不如一见，带着您满心的好奇让我们走进故宫，让我们感悟中国文化感受中国帝王的兴衰历史。
Ladies and Gentlemen，
Welcome to Beijing.Beijing is the capital of China as well as one of the four ancient capitals in china.Many foreign friends known Beijing because of the the succe of the Olympic Games.Please sit back and relax.Iam your local guide for your Beijing tour ,you can call me Amry.This is our driver Mr.Zhang.We will make every effort to provide the best quality service.Like me, Beijingers are always ready to welcome friends from all over the world with their most hospitality.During you Beijing tour we will visit the Forbidden City、Great Wall、Summer Palace and other attractions.I hope that the old as well as fashion Beijing will leave you a good memory.
The first attraction of our tour in Beijing is the Forbidden City.The first thing people would think of when talking about the Forbidden City is it the place where Chinese emperors used to live and hold their courts..But the value of the Forbidden City is not limited to this.It is a microcosm of Chinese history, Chinese culture and Chinese architecture.The Forbidden City is located in center oBeijing.It was imperial palace of both Ming and Qing dynasties.With a history of over 600 years, it is the largest and most complete palace complex that still exists in the world.24 emperors had rule the empir from here for more than 500 years.Forbidden City is also called Purple Forbidden City .In the feudal[\'fju:dl]封建时代的 society ,emperors had supreme至高的 power , so this residence was certainly a forbidden place .Purple was the symbolic[sim\'b?lik] 象征color of the North Star which was believed to be the center of the cosmos宇宙 .So it got the name of Purple Forbidden City.
The building arrangement within the Forbidden City is symmetrical对称的.And it is divided into two parts :the outer court and the inner court .The former is the place where emperors handled courts事物 and held different ceremonies仪式.It consists of Taihe ,Zhonghe and Baohe Halls.Taihe hall is the largest hall within the Forbidden City.It was the location where Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Emperors hosted their enthronement and wedding ceremonies .The inner court consists of Qianqing, Jiaotai and Kunming Halls where the emperor lived and handled day-to-day work.The lmperial Garden lies on north of the Kunming Hall.It looks like a natural picture.This is the place where the emperor and his family play.
Since the founding of new China, the Forbidden City has been well maintained.It was made part of the world cultural heritage list in 1987.Tody as the largest museum of cultural relics in China, it collected and displayed one million precious relics .
Now I want to ask you a question.How many houses are there in the Forbidden City? It was said that there were 10000 rooms in the complex of the Heaven Palace .As the son of the heaven , emperor had to build only 9999.5 rooms .Actually ,there are only 8707 rooms in the Forbidden City.
As The saying goes, seeing is believing.With curiosity, let\'s walk into the Forbidden City.Let\'s appreciate Chinese culture and feel the history of the rise and fall of the Chinese emperors.
推荐第5篇：有关故宫的介绍
有关故宫的介绍
俗话说到中国不登长城，到北京不去故宫，那都等于白来。到北京第一天游的景点万寿寺、颐和园、故宫。记得汪洋说过感受时代文化就如到北京感受长城故宫，到广东感受解放思想，改革开放。今天我就要去故宫感受感受封建王朝的时代文化。
今天的时代文化之旅先由早上6点多推开万寿寺的一扇大门开始，一直到下午游完故宫。历史的画卷扑面而来！
游完万寿寺接着去游颐和园。
中午我们终于来到了故宫的北门神武门。神武门是故宫的北门。也相当是后门，这座门过去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外，还是击鼓报时的场地。
当年这门楼上有一个大鼓和一口大钟，每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。夜里11点到第二天1点，正是三更的时候，所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后，在击鼓报初更之前，先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静，紫禁城里的人们，都能听到这钟鼓声。
进了神武门后经过一个小门叫延和门的小门，门上凸出四个东西，这四个叫什么呢？这就是传说中的当，门当户对的那个当。
门当的类型只有两种，最高级是四个，有权力的人可以用四个，包括皇帝家都是用四个。大户人家可以用两个，穷人就不能用了，所以古代媒人做媒的时候去你家都是先看门当的，比如女方家是2个，男方家是4个，那就是门不当户不对，得去找一个也是4个当的女家，才能门当户对，才能结婚。
过了延和门就来到了御花园。是皇帝在宫里游玩跟清朝宫廷选秀女活动的地方。御花园的面积并不大，但古代的工匠们就利用这一方小小得天地，安排了各类建筑、古树，还有两座假山、两方水池及散布其间的大量奇花异石。还有整个故宫中最古老的建筑--钦安殿，它是从明代保存下来的，距现在已经有580多年的历史了。明清两朝都在这里供奉玄武大帝。玄武大帝也叫真武大帝，是水神。皇宫都是木结构的房子，非常怕火，过去由于没有避雷针，曾多次着火。所以防火是宫里的头等大事，在中轴线上建造一个宫殿供奉水神，祈求保佑皇宫的安全。所以御花园里有个门叫天一门，门的名字跟水有关系。《易经》上说“天一生水”，水是灭火的，于是起这个名字，用水镇火，图个吉利。
御花园里有座堆秀山，它是用江苏太湖流域的“太湖石”人工堆砌成的。
冲刷而形成的奇形怪状的石头。要细算起来，这堆秀山“太湖石”的历史比整个皇宫都古老。据说是在北宋的都城开封一座用太湖石堆成叫“艮岳”的山，建好后不久，北宋就被金朝灭亡了，艮岳山也毁了。等到明朝初年修建紫禁城时，就把这些石头运到这儿，堆成了我们眼前的堆秀山。所以这些太湖石有近1000年的历史了。堆秀山山上有一座小亭子“御景亭”。那儿是御花园的最高点，每年农历八月十五中秋节、九九重阳节，皇帝会带着后妃们，在亭内登高赏月、饮酒作诗。亭子与景山上亭子远远相望，正可谓相望又不能相会，咫尺天涯。出了御花园就是坤宁宫了，坤宁宫是后三宫的最后一宫。后三宫是指乾清宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，两边是六院，妃嫔住的地方。我们常说的三宫六院就是从这个地方出来的。这“坤宁”二字同乾清宫的“乾清”二字是非常对应的，“乾”指天，象征着阳；“坤”指地，象征着阴。“清”“宁”都是表示安定、和谐的意思，乾坤交泰，所以他们的中间就是交泰殿。坤宁宫自然
是皇后的寝宫了。在明朝除了个别失宠的皇后外，其他皇后都住在这座宫殿内。清代，顺治和康熙时期，皇后依然住在坤宁宫里。到了雍正皇帝时，由于皇帝搬出乾清宫，皇帝都靠边住了，所以皇后也不敢再住中间的坤宁宫了。
所有宫殿的正中都会开有大门，唯独这座宫殿的正门不居中，而是偏向东边，这是东北地区满族的建筑特色。大殿的西半部分较大，是萨满教举行祭神的场地。萨满教是满族的民族宗教。祭祀每天都进行，遇到比较隆重的祭祀节日时，皇帝会邀请一些王公大臣参与，如果能被邀请参加祭祀，是是一件非常至高无上荣誉的事情，死后可以在棺材里加多一个木牌，刻上六个字：坤宁宫吃过肉。
坤宁宫东侧是皇帝皇后大婚的洞房。皇帝大婚时，皇后可从正门坐轿走中间的御道进来，而其他妃嫔则只能从紫禁城后门神武门入。按照礼仪，帝后新婚，要在这里住满三天。三天之后，皇帝搬到养心殿，而皇后在东西六宫中选择一宫居住。皇帝在东侧结婚做他爱做的事情，西边的人在祭神，做他要做的事情，两不耽误。我们现在隔着窗户看到的洞房样子是末代皇帝溥仪和他的“皇后”婉容大婚的原状。洞房的墙上涂着红漆，地上铺着红地毯，到处都是红色，靠窗户的大炕，是皇帝和皇后饮交杯酒、唱交祝歌的地方。屋内靠西北墙的地方摆有皇帝和皇后的龙凤喜床，俗话说出得厅堂，入得厨房，上得龙床，看看传说中的龙床，再看看龙床上的丝绸被，放在这里珍藏上百年了，依然十分新鲜。在洞房的门口和东侧过道的木影壁上，各有一个大红底金色双喜字，寓意着“开门见喜”。导游说过来北京要将皇家的福气、皇家的喜气、皇家的财气请回去，福气在恭王府，喜气呢？就在这里了。
过了坤宁宫往前就是交泰殿了。交泰殿是一座四方的亭式建筑。
这座宫殿上的彩画图案和其他宫殿的是有区别的。所绘彩画是一对对飞翔凤凰，而其他宫殿基本上都是一对对游龙。在封建社会，龙是皇帝的象征，而凤凰是皇后的象征。皇后头上戴的是凤冠，穿的是凤头鞋，住的是凤楼。所以前面的乾清宫是皇帝日常办公的地方，后面的交泰殿就是皇后办公的地方，殿内正上方悬挂的那张匾写有“无为”二字，为康熙皇帝御笔。“无为”是指不施刑罚，以德政感化人民而达到天下大治的意思。无为是古代的一种政治思想，讲究清静无为、清心寡欲，其实就是不要有太多的作为，凡是要顺其自然。
清代康熙皇帝一生酷爱书法，但却很少题字，所以康熙御笔是历代皇帝的笔墨中流传最少的，这就有了“康熙一字值千金”的说法。传说康熙一生流传下来的就剩三个字：“无为”、“福”。“无为”在交泰殿这里了，“福”字则存于北京恭王府中的“福”字碑上，也就是在和珅他们家。说到为什么这个福字会在和珅家呢，这里就听导游说了这个故事，后来我还特地去恭王府摸了福。（天下第一福字的由来文末标注）
交泰殿虽然不大，但里面装的东西却非常重要，象征皇权的大印一共有25方都是装在交泰殿里，为什么皇帝的大印是25个呢，大印为25个是乾隆皇帝规定的，25是阳数13579之和，以应天数。最重要的大印叫传国玉玺，是用玉石做的，所以玉石是个好东西。玉很高贵，很典雅，玉也具备了人类所向往的所有美好的品性，温文、文静、含蓄、纯净、坚贞和正气。“宁为玉碎，不为瓦全”，玉碎了，碎了还是玉！中国人特别喜欢随身带着玉石，尤其是皇帝都特别喜欢玉，故宫很多台阶跟栏杆都是汉白玉，汉白玉也是玉石，只不过比较粗糙，古时汉白玉为皇家专用，普通老百姓是不能用的。
交泰殿往前就是乾清宫了，乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫。明朝的14位皇帝和清朝的顺治，康熙两位皇帝都曾在这里居住，并在这里批阅奏章、召见官员、接见外国使节。康熙皇帝去世后，寿终正寝，在乾清宫停灵。雍正皇帝在养心殿为康熙守制，康熙出殡后，雍正也没有迁回乾清宫，此后乾清宫就成为皇帝处理日常政务的地方，清朝时乾清宫也是皇帝逢年过节举行家宴的地方。宫殿里宝座的上方，悬挂着一块牌匾，上面写着“正大光明”四个大字。
这块匾是康熙皇帝临摹顺治皇帝的笔迹写成的，在很多电视剧中出现过，可以说它是紫禁城中最重要的一块匾，为什么这么说呢，有两个理由：首先“正大光明”这四个字是清朝皇帝标榜的祖训格言，制成扁悬挂在这里，作为立身、齐家、治国、平天下的基本准则。再者，它和清朝雍正皇帝创立的秘密建储制度有关，就是确立皇位继承人。我国历代王朝，大都采取公开建储的方式，立为太子的多是嫡长子，也就是皇后生的第一个儿子。可是皇帝的儿子一般都不少，不少皇子都做着皇帝梦，他们为此往往拉帮结伙、勾心斗角，甚至发展为同胞骨肉互相残杀。康熙皇帝就因为建储而遇到问题：他曾两次立嫡长子胤礽为太子，又两次把他废掉。此后康熙便不再提太子的人选，直到他临死之前，才下诏书，让四子胤祯继承皇位，雍正皇帝即位后，吸取历史教训，决定将公开立太子的制度，该为秘密建储。秘密建储的做法是，皇帝在位时不公开确立太子，通过对皇子们的全面考查，选定皇位接班人，并秘密的将这个皇子的名字写在两份诏书上，一份由皇帝随身带着，另一份装在一个小盒子里，密封好后，就放在这块“正大光明”匾背后。当皇帝病危时或去世后，由朝廷重臣和王公贵族，一起把这两份诏书取出来，对照无异后，即按照上面的名字公布下一任皇帝。这种方法确实减少了皇子之间的争斗。雍正皇帝设立了这种秘密建储制度后，用这种方式继承皇位的有乾隆，嘉庆，道光，咸丰四位皇帝。
乾清宫的前方就是乾清门。据说明朝的时候上早朝是在太和门，到了清朝之后，皇帝觉得去太和门太远了，太累了，所以就找了个近点的大门，最近就这是个乾清门了，所以清朝就改在乾清门上早朝了，乾清门前有一对狮子很有特点？一般的狮子都是很威武的，可是这对狮子呢？眼睛耷着，耳朵也垂下来，这是怎么回事呢？因为我们进来的御花园到这个门的地方就是后宫，一般的男人进不去，一般的女人它也出不来，后宫是非之地，是警告您小心点，非礼勿视，非礼勿听。因为在保和殿和乾清门之间有条狭长的广场，是紫禁城内前朝和后庭的一条分界线，称“横街”，又叫乾清门广场。横街以南是外朝，是举行重大典礼的场所。横街以北是皇帝后妃们居住的后宫。朝廷、朝廷、前面是朝，后面是廷；国家、国家，前面是国，后面是家，就是从这里来的，从这个地方开始分的。
乾清门内是一个不大的院子，周围有一些看上去很普通的长廊式房屋，您可千万别小看这些没有气派的平房，中国历史上许多重大历史事件就发生在这里。您听说过康熙智擒鳌拜的故事吗？这历史上真实的一幕，就发生在乾清门西侧的叫南书房的屋子里。在乾清门西高墙边，有排又矮又小的房子，实在是很不起眼。可是正像俗话所说的“人不可貌相”一样，这几间小房子也非比寻常，因为这就是鼎鼎大名的“军机处”所在地。军机大臣就在这里值班。清朝为什么要把军机处那样一个非常重要的机构，放在这么一个不起眼的地方呢？皇帝懒呗，因为这排房子的一墙之隔就是皇帝居住的养心殿。
出了乾清门就是三大殿的最后一个殿保和殿了，在明清两朝，这里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日，皇帝都要在这里宴请文武百官，以示庆贺。另外保和殿在当年读书人的心目中，地位是最高的，因为从清朝乾隆年间开始，保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能，成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元，就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎，暮登天子堂。将相本无种，男儿当自强！“天子堂”，指的就是这保和殿。保和殿离皇位上是皇建有极的大牌匾。
保和殿后台阶中间的云龙石雕是紫禁城石雕里最大的一块。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的，长16.57米，宽3.07米，平均厚度1.70米，重量达200多吨。
这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村，距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前，没有任
何现代化运输工具的情况下，是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢？当时是借助冰，是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。每隔一里地打一口井，从井里把水提上来，泼在路面上，就是这种情况下，仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马，用了近一个月时间，耗银11万两，才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里。
走过保和殿，就来到了保和殿与太和殿中间的中和殿，四四方方像亭子一样的建筑它是皇帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前，皇帝从后宫出来，在中和殿稍作停留。殿里的宝座上方写着四个大字。
过了保和殿就到了我们要重点介绍的太和殿，太和的意思是指在天道的主宰下，阴阳合和，太和元气常运不息，万物和谐共存。我想和谐社会的和谐之意应该跟三大殿的和字是一样意思。
太和殿就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。整个殿建在高大的汉白玉台基上，汉白玉台基高达8米，比两层楼还高。
修建这么高的台基，为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。我们国家古建筑的主体是木结构，而木材本身又不可能很高大，于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起，以增强气势。太和殿的是现存中国宫殿建筑中最大的一座。从它的屋脊到地面，高达35米，比10层楼房还要高。在紫禁城所有宫殿中，这座金銮殿是最高地位，当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在这里举行。比如说，皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后，还有在发生战争时派将出征，都要在太和殿举行非常隆重的典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典，皇帝要这里接受百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆，也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节，皇帝也要在这里举行盛大的宴会。但是这个元旦不是我们现在的新年，而是农历的大年初一春节。冬至是一年当中日光照时间最短的一天，古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子，值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天，次日在太和殿接受王公大臣的朝贺，而万寿节则是皇帝的生日。
由于对太和殿的尊敬，我特地从底下绕到太和殿的正面上台阶，上台阶的时候，我发现三层石台上有很多香炉，总共有18个香炉，是象征着清朝的18个行省。意思就是普天之下都在皇帝宝座的底下了。还有日晷，在一块圆石板上，中间插一根铁针，周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时，铁针的投影指向哪个时刻，就表示是什么时辰了。与日晷对称的位置，是一座石头亭子，它叫嘉量。嘉量是古代的标准量器，在古代，时间和度量衡代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间只有天子才能代表上天，行使规定时间和计量的权力，它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的铜龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的，象征着龟鹤千秋、国运永昌。殿顶上垂脊上装有脊兽10只，分别是龙，凤，狮，天马，海马，押鱼，狻猊，獬豸，斗牛，行什，脊兽最前边的是骑凤仙人。脊兽的数量依建筑物的等级高低各异，10种脊兽全班上阵的只有等级最高的太和殿。摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅，就是民间说的皇帝宝座。它是用紫檀木制成，通体雕金龙，从明朝到清朝一直是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度，给人一种非常稳定的感觉，象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。实际上我现在看到的这个宝座，是解放后有关专家在库房内发现宝座残件，经一年多的研究修复，才恢复了的。
宝座旁边有很多饰物，比如香炉、香筒、仙鹤、宝象等，都统称景泰蓝，景泰蓝的原材料是铜，全手工制作，故宫里的饰物有很多都是景泰蓝的，景泰蓝的香炉，景泰蓝的花瓶等等。
太和殿是由72根巨柱支撑，靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子，他表面贴的是金箔。金柱上6条龙的头朝向中间，所有的龙都围绕着宝座，焦点正在宝座之中的皇帝身上，体现了皇帝九五至尊的气派。此外还有66根朱红色的柱子，代表六六大顺的意思。在这里祝福大
家生活事业爱情六六大顺。这些柱子都是用东北长白山的红松制成的，每根高12米，直径1米多，两个人都抱不过来。当年没有大型运输工具，要采伐、运输这些木材，实在是一件非常艰难的事情。 在太和殿的天花板上有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称，就是指天花板中间镂空雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙，就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下面，吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球，它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究，大家都听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝，我们现代人都是它们的后代，所以中国人都说自己是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”，而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜，表示自己是正统黄帝，而且有轩辕氏的保佑。所以李自成打到北京，推翻明朝的时候，都不敢在太和殿这里登基，他自己觉得他是个农民，自己都觉得不是正统皇帝，不敢在这里登基，换了个叫武英殿的地方登基。袁世凯在这里登基的时候换了个椅子，也是挪动了地方，不敢在轩辕镜下面，怕自己也不是正统的，轩辕镜掉下来砸死了怎么办？
太和殿地面上铺的是一种黑亮的地砖。这种砖被称为金砖，但并不是拿黄金制成的，那它为什么会叫金砖呢？这种砖是在今天苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的，所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人普通话不太好，发“京”这个字音时，听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之，这京砖被叫成金砖了。 我们看到太和殿有三层台阶，能看到外面有很多龙头，作用是排水的。但是在这里排水这些不能叫龙头，我们常说真龙天子，所以龙代表皇帝，你不能叫皇帝趴在那里帮你吐水，那皇上也太没面子了，所以凡是排水用的，就叫螭首，螭首是一种阴性的龙，喜欢吐水。太和殿这里共有螭首1142只。据说下雨时1142只螭首会形成“大雨如练，小雨如注，千龙吐水”的奇观。据记载历史上曾经出现过三次这样的奇观，到目前为止都没有再出现过了，因为北京很干燥，很少下雨，更别说连续下几天大雨了。
故宫里现在总共有308口铜缸或铁缸，其中鎏金铜缸有18口，这些缸都叫太平缸。这些太平缸是做什么用的呢？这些缸是储水防火用的？你答对了，也答错了，如果真的发生火灾，这几缸水起不了多大的作用的。其实故宫里摆铜缸是风水的需要，五行属相来说，东边属木，西边属金，南边属火，北边属水，中间属土，紫禁城就是北京城的最中间，所以紫禁城属土，我们现在看到的这个太和殿，还有刚刚逛过的中和殿，保和殿，号称紫禁城前朝三大殿就是建在在一个土字型上，这个台阶就是土字型的，要在空中看下来才能看到。从五行相生相克来说，土生金，金生水，所以故宫里摆上铜缸金缸要的就是金生水。因为山主人丁，水主财。所以故宫后面也有座山，就是我刚刚进来神武门对面的景山。
说起这些缸还有个故事，据说乾隆皇帝的时候，国家特别有钱，所以乾隆想在这里铸造几口纯黄金制造的金缸，显耀他的功绩。这件事情交代了和珅去做，结果和珅把纯金的缸变成了镏金缸，一口缸只用了黄金3公斤。并且我们现在看到的这两个金缸连那3公斤黄金在公元1900年，八国联军侵略北京，那些士兵就拿刺刀一点点刮去了，刮了半天才发现只有外面一层有黄金的，大骂：fuck。
从太和殿前面沿着御道走过太和殿广场。就来到了太和门，
太和门两边摆着两个中国最大的铜狮子，据说是北京城三大风水镇物中的第一大风水镇物。皇帝摆狮子因为他是九五之尊，摆了狮子用来巩固江山，增加霸气。太和门是清世祖顺治皇帝的登基典礼，加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王，封吴三桂为平西王等活动举行的地方。太和门前五座桥是金水桥，它为什么叫“金水桥”呢？桥下这条河的水，它来自京城西面的玉泉山，从紫禁城的西北进入，东南流出。古人推崇阴阳五行学说，就是金木水火土这五种物质，认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金，所以取名“金水河”，那上面的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了。在**外也有金水桥，那是外金水桥，在这里是内金水桥。
出了太和门再往前就是午门了，门上一共有5个城楼，俗称五凤楼，也叫朱雀楼。在明清两朝，午门的地位非常重要，许多重大仪式都是在这里举行的。 午门是南门的意思。
因为我国古代用十二地支表示方位，“子”是正北，“午”就是正南。所以故宫的南门就叫“午门”。午门是皇宫的正门，因为我是从北门进的，所以游览到这里就算结束了今天的故宫之旅。午门再往前就是端门跟**了，旁边是太庙。
走了这麽多，最大的感悟就是文化的传承非常重要，没有文化作为底蕴，单单故宫的建筑虽然壮观但很空洞的，没有这样多的故事，故宫只是一个无灵魂的躯壳，很多东西有具有了中国的传统文化，只要欣赏就已足够，何必在乎是谁曾经拥有....
注：天下第一福字的由来--据说说康熙大帝年幼丧母，由孝庄皇太后抚养长大。然而正当康熙盛世的时候，孝庄皇太后却重病缠身。康熙救祖母心切，便亲自写福，康熙大帝亲笔所书的这个福字，右上角的笔划很像一个“多”字，下边为“田”字，而右偏旁极似“寿”字，所以这福字又蕴含着“多子多才多田多福多寿”的深厚含义，这“福”字被誉为天下第一福。康熙征召天下能工巧匠，把它雕刻在一块大青石上，并背着这个“福”字碑前往祈年殿拜祭天神。为示孝心，康熙大帝跪在“福”字碑上祈福，上苍有灵，孝庄皇太后身体奇迹般康复，康熙大帝将“福”字碑请回宫中供奉在佛阁。乾隆继位后，将“天下第一福”赐给自己的宠臣和珅，和珅命人运来几千块太湖石，在自己的府邸后花园砌成一条巨龙，这条龙的位置正好在京城的龙脉上，他将“天下第一福”藏在龙穴之中悉心供奉。
推荐第6篇：故宫法语版介绍
Le Palais impérial , qu’on appelle aui Cité interdite.De 1420 à 1911, durant 491 ans, il a été la résidence principale de 24 empereurs des Ming et des Qing.C’est aui l’ensemble architectural d’anciens palais le plus vaste et le mieux conservé du monde.S’étendant sur plus de 72 hectares, le Palais impérial compte 9 999,5 pièces, protégé par une muraille d’enceinte de 10 mètres de haut, de 960 mètres de long du nord au sud, et de 750 mètres de large d’est à ouest.Une douve large de 52 mètres contourne toute la muraille.Ainsi, c’est une cité dans la cité .La plupart des bâtiments ont été construits en bois.Les groes colonnes en bois dreées sur des socles de marbre supportent la toiture magnifiquement décorée et couverte de tuiles verniées jaunes.Les principaux bâtiments jalonnent l’axe central qui est aui l’axe de la ville de Beijing, et les autres se répartient sur les deux côtés, en respectant le principe de la symétrie.Toute la disposition offre un aspect majestueux.L’architecture a divisé la Cité interdite en deux parties : la cour extérieure et la cour intérieure.La cour extérieure,oè le souverain recevait ses ministres et présidait les grandes cérémonies officielles, abrite la salle de l’Harmonie Suprême (Taihe), la salle de l’Harmonie Parfaite (Zhonghe) et la salle de l’Harmonie Préservée (Baohe) ainsi que les bâtiments latéraux principaux -- la salle de la Gloire Littéraire (Wenhua) et la salle des Prouees Militaires (Wuying).La cour intérieure comprend surtout le palais de la Pureté Céleste (Qianqing), la salle de l’Union (Jiaotai) et le palais de la Tranquillité Terrestre (Kunning), qui sont entourés respectivement par les Six Palais de l’Est et les Six Palais de l’Ouest, La cour intérieure servait de cabinet de travail à l’empereur et d\'appartements à la famille impériale et aux concubines.En somme, le Palais impérial est une cristalisation de la culture et de l’histoire chinoises cinq fois millénare.
推荐第7篇：沈阳故宫英文导游词(精华版)
Shenyang Imperial Palace
Hello, everyone! Please allow me to expre a warm welcome on behalf of Shenyang citizens.I\'m with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on I will show you around Shenyang Imperial Palace, where the founder of Qing Dynasty Nuerhachi and his son Huangtaiji lived.
Shenyang Imperial Palace, Fuling tomb and Zhaoling Tomb made in the early period of Qing Dynasty are the three famous historical sites in Shenyang.Shenyang Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and Huangtaiji.After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.They were Emperor Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang.Therefore, until 1783 the palace was finally finished.Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in China.The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing.Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled \"Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings\" in 1961 by the State Council.This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectural styles of the minorities of Man, Han and Mongolia.This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters, comprising over 20 courtyards, 300 houses and 70 buildings.The whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.
First let\'s pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards.The first courtyard is the office area.It starts from the Grand Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall.From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area.They all lay out on the same line.The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate, also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of Heaven and the palace should be the center of universe .The Grand Qing Gate was built in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian officials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .The special feature of the gate is the tile color.They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.Yellow symbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple （Taimiao） with yellow tile roof, where Nuerhachi\'s descendants offered sacrifices to their ancestors for bleings.So Ancestor Temple is the most important.Please follow me into the gate.This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion （Feilongge） and Flying Phoenix Pavilion （Xiangfengge） on each side.The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military, administrative affairs in early Qing Dynasty and had witneed many national ceremonies.Flying Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaiji\'s office.In front of the hall are Rigui and Jiangliang, which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.In accident construction, office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.
Since we have visited the place where the Emperors worked and now we\'ll pay a visit to the place where empre and concubines lived.Here is the Phoenix Tower.It served as an entrance to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines, and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time .It is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous Eight fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.Look upward, we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower ,on which Emperor Qianlong inscribed \"Ziqidonglai\", which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated from Shengjing, the old name for Shenyang to the east .There are 24staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in Chinese lunar calendar.
In Shenyang Imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden City in Beijing.Walking through the tower are the rear chambers.The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall, which was prepared for emperor and empre.The other four lying on both sides were for concubines .Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the First from the east was where Huangraiji paed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.His throne paed to his ninth son, Fuling.In early Qing Dynasty, the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house, zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opened in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.The zigzag beds, made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called \"kang\" in Chinese.In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter, tunnels was made under the ground of Purity and Tranquility Hall to put fire and smoke through .Now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.
Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.This red pole is called Suolun pole, or Holy Pole.Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.It was said that Nuerhachi was saved by crows.Crows are considered sacred in Manchurian culture though in Chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines.Among the four concubines Chen was loved best by Huangtaiji and Concubine Zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor, Fuling.Therefore, she had a special status among the concubines.The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers, representing the 11 emperors from Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi.This chimney was the highest one at that time.In Chinese, the sound of chimney \"tong\" is the same as that of unity.To the north further is rear courtyard called Yuhua Garden.After visiting the middle section of the palace, we come to the eastern section.Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall, flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions.This part was built in 1625, and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace.Great Administration Hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system.
Now please look at the ten pavilions, five on each side, which were the offices of the commanders at that time.Here I will give you an introduction to the military system of early Manchurian Period.Nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .There were the four kinds of banner: red, blue, white and yellow banner.As the troops expanded quickly, another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .By then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.This army was therefore well known for Eight Banner Army.The last part of Shenyang Imperial Palace is the western section, built from 1782 to 1783 and during Emperor Qianlong\'s reign.Its main construction is Book Source Pavilion （Wensuge） with Theater Platform and Good Descendant-benefiting Hall （Jiayintang） in front, Prosperity Administration Study （Yangxinzhai） and Nine Halls behind.Book Source Pavilion （wensuge） was specially designed for storing the encyclopedia compiled at that time, Si Ku Quan Shu.This encyclopedia collected most of the books in Chinese history .Its complication started in 1773.This set of history books is composed of seven sections, more than 36,000 volumes.It took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.When finished, the whole encyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions acro China.The other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.This set is the only one well kept.But the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Gansu province library.We can see that Book Source Pavilion covered with black tiles.In Chinese philosophy, black refers water.The pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.So black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection .Good Property Admiration Study was for Emperor reading while Descendant-benefiting Hall and the Theater Platform consisting of a courtyard for Emperor ,his empre and concubines watching plays.
Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the cultural relics in China and it is the symbol of this city.It is a good combination of different nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.And now we have to end our visiting, I hope you all enjoy it and thank you for your cooperation, goodbye.
推荐第8篇：沈阳故宫的英文导游词
Shenyang Imperial Palace
Hello, everyone! Please allow me to expre a warm welcome on behalf of Shenyang citizens.I\'m with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on I will show you around Shenyang Imperial Palace, where the founder of Qing Dynasty Nuerhachi and his son Huangtaiji lived.
Shenyang Imperial Palace, Fuling tomb and Zhaoling Tomb made in the early period of Qing Dynasty are the three famous historical sites in Shenyang.Shenyang Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and Huangtaiji.After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.They were Emperor Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang.Therefore, until 1783 the palace was finally finished.Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in China.The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing.Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled \"Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings\" in 1961 by the State Council.This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectural styles of the minorities of Man, Han and Mongolia.This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters, comprising over 20 courtyards, 300 houses and 70 buildings.The whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.
First let\'s pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards.The first courtyard is the office area.It starts from the Grand Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall.From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area.They all lay out on the same line.The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate, also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of Heaven and the palace should be t the center of universe .The Grand Qing Gate was built in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian officials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .The special feature of the gate is the tile color.They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.Yellow symbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple （Taimiao） with yellow tile roof, where Nuerhachi\'s descendants offered sacrifices to their ancestors for bleings.So Ancestor Temple is the most important.Please follow me into the gate.This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion （Feilongge） and Flying Phoenix Pavilion （Xiangfengge） on each side.The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military, administrative affairs in early Qing Dynasty and had witneed many national ceremonies.Flying Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaiji\'s office.In front of the hall are Rigui and Jiangliang, which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.In accident construction, office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.
Since we have visited the place where the Emperors worked and now we\'ll pay a visit to the place where empre and concubines lived.Here is the Phoenix Tower.It served as an entrance to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines, and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time .It is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous E ight fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.Look upward, we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower ,on which Emperor Qianlong inscribed \"Ziqidonglai\", which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated from Shengjing, the old name for Shenyang to the east .There are 24staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in Chinese lunar calendar.
In Shenyang Imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden city in Beijing.Walking through the tower are the rear chambers.The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall, which was prepared for emperor and empre.The other four lying on both sides were for concubines .Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the First from the east was where Huangraiji paed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.His throne paed to his ninth son, Fulin.In early Qing Dynasty, the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house, zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opened in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.The zigzag beds, made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called \"kang\" in Chinese.In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter, tunnels was made under the ground of Purity and Tranquility Hall to put fire and smoke through .Now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.
Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.This red pole is called Suolun pole, or Holy Pole.Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.It was said that Nuerhachi was saved by crows.Crows are considered sacred in Manchurian culture though in Chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines.Among the four concubines Chen was loved best by Huangtaiji and Concubine Zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor, Fulin.Therefore, she had a special status among the concubines.The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers, representing the 11 emperors from Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi.This chimney was the highest one at that time.In Chinese, the sound of chimney \"tong\" is the same as that of unity.To the north further is rear courtyard called Yuhua Garden.After visiting the middle section of the palace, we come to the eastern section.Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall, flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions.This part was built in 1625, and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace.Great Administration Hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system.
Now please look at the ten pavilions, five on each side, which were the offices of the commanders at that time.Here I will give you an introduction to the military system of early Manchurian Period.Nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .There sere then four kinds of banner: red, blue, white and yellow banner.As the troops expanded quickly, another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .By then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.This army was therefore well known for Eight Banner Army.
The last part of Shenyang Imperial Palace is the western section, built from 1782 to 1783 and during Emperor Qianlong\'s reign.Its main construction is Book Source Pavilion （Wensuge） with Theater Platform and Good Descendant-benefiting Hall （Jiayintang） in front, Prosperity Administration Study （Yangxizhai） and Nine Halls behind.Book Source Pavilion （wensuge） was specially designed for s toring the encyclopedia compiled at that time, Si Ku Quan Shu.This encyclopedia collected most of the books in Chinese history .Its complication started in 1773.This set of history books is composed of seven sections, more than 36,000 volumes.It took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.When finished, the whole encyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions acro China.The other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.This set is the only one well kept.But the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Gansu province library.We can see that Book Source Pavilion covered with black tiles.In Chinese philosophy, black refers water.The pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.So black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection.Good Property Admiration Study was for Emperor reading while Descendant-benefiting Hall and the Theater Platform consisting of a courtyard for Emperor ,his empre and concubines watching plays.Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the cultural relics in China and it is the symbol of this city.It is a good combination of different nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.
And now we have to end our visiting, I hope you all enjoy it and thank you for your cooperation, goodbye.
推荐第9篇：北京故宫英文导游辞
北京-故宫英文导游词-导游英语 forbidden city(紫禁城) (in front of the meridian gate) ladies and gentlemen: i am pleased to serve as your guide today. this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city.it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today.under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406.it took 14years to build the forbidden city.the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi.for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 succeive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy. it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star).the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace.because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.in folklore, the term ‖an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pa.here, purple is aociated with auspicious developments.the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people. the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.yellow is the color of the earth on the loe plateau, the original home of the chinese people.yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city.a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province.granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province.paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china.bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,proceed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions. the structure in front of us is the meridian gate.it is the main entrance to the forbidden city.it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower).ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks. qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year.qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental aociation with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time.qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies.for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war. (after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river) the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count.in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity.the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind.the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity.the other one is a female.underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succeion.the winding brook before us is the golden water river.it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousne, rites, intellence and fidelity.the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow.this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god. (in front of the gate of supreme harmony) (after walking past the gate of supreme harmony) ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city.this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves .the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple ―h‖-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases.the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406.it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny.the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty.on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles.these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits.there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall.the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral acceible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled. there was a total of 24 succeive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here.the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empre, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes. the last qing emperor puyi aumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne.at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,‖i don’t want to stay here.i want to go home.‖ his father tried to soothe him, saying, ‖it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ‖the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious.coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years. (on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony) this is a bronze incense burner.in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions.there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs.on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire.next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity.this copper-cast grain measure is called ‖jialiang.‖ it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty.it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification.on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece.the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should poe the standards of both measure and time. in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof.the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height.in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams.in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform.behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk .the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels.the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i.e.rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity.as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects.only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian. the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne.above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure.in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals.this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity.the placing of the caion above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s succeive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs.now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne.why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair.after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse.it repaired and returned to the hall. (leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west) (in front of the hall f preserving harmony) this is the hall of preserving harmony.during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials.the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day.imperial examinations were also held here once every three years.during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level.the national exam was presided over by the emperor.the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty.it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials.during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system.once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night.this system was abolished in 1905. (behind the hall of preserving harmony) ladies and gentlemen: you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city.now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden .the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical篇2：北京故宫英语导游词
北京故宫英语导游词 ladies and gentlemen: i am pleased to serve as your guide today. this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city.it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today.under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406.it took 14years to build the forbidden city.the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi.for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 succeive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy. it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star).the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace.because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pa.here, purple is aociated with auspicious developments.the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people. the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.yellow is the color of the earth on the loe plateau, the original home of the chinese people.yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.篇3：北京故宫英文导游词
北京故宫
女士们、先生们，
欢迎大家来到北京，北京是中国的首都，也是我国的四大古都之一。2008年奥运会的成功举办更使这座古老的城市为许多外国朋友所熟知。大家稍作休息，请允许我自我介绍一下。我是大家北京之行的地接导游员我的名字叫温辉辉，那在我身边的这位是我们的司机张师傅。我们将会竭尽全力为大家提供最优质的服务。像我一样热情好客的北京人将以他们最热情的方式欢迎世界各地发朋友来到北京。在北京期间我们将游览故宫、长城、颐和园等景点。希望古老而又时尚的北京会给大家留下一段美好的回忆。
在北京我们游览的第一个景点就是故宫。提起故宫大家首先会想到它是中国皇帝居住过的地方。 但故宫的价值可不仅仅在于此。它更是我们中国历史、中国文化以及中国建筑的一个缩影。
故宫位于北京城的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。它是世界上显存最大、最完整的宫殿建筑群。至今约有六百年的历史，先后有24位皇帝在这里统治全国近500年。故宫又名紫禁城，那是因为在封建社会皇帝拥有最高的权利因此这个地方是禁止一般人进出。紫色是象征这北极星的颜色，这被认为是宇宙的中心 所以又名紫禁城。
紫禁城的建筑布局是对称的分为前朝和内廷。前朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为主体是举行大殿、朝贺、筵宴行使权力的地方。其中太和殿是故宫中规模最大等级最高的建筑。皇帝登基及册立皇后等重大仪式都在此举行。内廷以乾清宫、交太殿和坤宁宫为主体，是皇帝的寝宫和处理日常政务的地方。坤宁宫以北是御花园，是皇帝及其家人
游玩的地方。
现在我要问大家一个问题，故宫的房间是九千九百九十九间半吗? 传说天宫的房间是一万间，人间的皇帝作为天帝的儿子，皇宫自然不能超过天宫，于是故宫便造了九千九百九十九间半。其实古代建筑是以“四柱一间”为标准的。经过古建筑专家实地调查统计，故宫所有的房间数量是8707，并非传说所言。
俗话说百闻不如一见，带着您满心的好奇让我们走进故宫，让我们感悟中国文化感受中国帝王的兴衰历史。
推荐第10篇：北京故宫英文导游辞
FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)
(In front of the meridian gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am pleased to serve as your guide today.
This is the palace museum; also know as the purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 succeive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu pa.Here, purple is aociated with auspicious developments.The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loe plateau, the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military prowe) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military prowe) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount pan in Jixian County in Hebei province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei province.paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong province .Timber was cut ,proceed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate.It is the main entrance to the forbidden City.It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-phoenix Tower).Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental aociation with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time.Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies.For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)
now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing.The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis.Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line.The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count.In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity.The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity.The other one is a female.Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succeion.The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River.It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousne, rites, intellence and fidelity.The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow.This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly purity.The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) .The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China.From the palace of Heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns.In the center are the palace of Heavenly purity, the Hall of Union and peace and palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs.Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived.There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden.An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court.The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades.Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.
Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns.With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City.Since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room.It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange pavilion (imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(In front of the hall f preserving Harmony)
this is the Hall of preserving Harmony.During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials.The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day.Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level.The national exam was presided over by the emperor.The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty.It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials.During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system.Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night.This system was abolished in 1905.
(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace .It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons.The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away.To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter.Rolling blocks were used in the summer.In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.
Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.
Route A
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City.Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden .The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east.This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty.IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors.In front of the hall is the Office of privy Council.
Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors.Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door.The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation.The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discued military and political affairs.The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas.On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume.In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) .The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empre Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor .A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
Empre Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an prefecture of shanxi province.She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China.When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City.She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year.When the emperor paed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empre Dowager.In that same year Empre Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empre dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years.She paed away in 1908 at the age of 73.It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empre dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor puyi.They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 succeive Qing emperors .Three of them actually paed away here.The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for emprees and concubines.Now let` s continue with our tour.It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
Route B
(Inside the Hall of heavenly purity)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are now entering the inner court.From the Gate of Heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and emprees once lived .The Hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne.Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty.Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the succeor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque.The box was opened only after the emperor paed away.Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.
The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties.According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members.Foreign ambaadors were received here during the late-Qing period.Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here.All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
This hall was also used for mourning services.
(Inside the palace of Union and peace)
this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly purity and the palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798.The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong.A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caion ,or covered ceiling.The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor.On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
This used to be the central hall where succeive Ming emprees lived.During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
Route C
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City.Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route.The first is the Treasure Hall.This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith.This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication.Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous.This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother.There is also a “Day harneing Water Jade Hill ” on display here.Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty.Under his leadership, the people learned how to harne the Yellow River.This jade aemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China.This mat was woven with peeled ivory.These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.
(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)
this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width.Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea.It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea.It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles.Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood.It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the miing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection.Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(Approaching the Imperial Garden)
Behind the palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden.There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City.Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged .However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration.Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall.positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west.The hall sits on a marble pedestal.The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis.Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty.In front of the hall there is a cypre that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cyprees or pines.To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill.This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty.It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province.At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth.There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop.At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)pavilion.Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.
At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah.Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, puyi once studied English there.In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow.The structure got its name from the crabapples who blooms trun from crimson to snowy white.In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of Empre dowager Cixi.In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.
There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges.The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.
The Imperial Garden can be acceed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate.A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north.Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empre or concubines.
As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world.It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government.Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment.The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date.Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics.The palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics.Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach.Thank you !
The end
Feb.25th, 2003
Collecting and Typing by foreverlydia
第11篇：北京故宫旅游景点介绍[材料]
北京故宫旅游景点介绍
北京是中华人民共和国的首都，是全国政治、文化和对外交往的中心，是著名的历史文化名城，其古迹之多，园林之美，山水之胜在世界上久负盛名。现北京对外开放的旅游景点有200多处，其中国家级重点文物保护单位有35处。北京拥有众多古代宫殿、皇家园林、坛庙陵寝、宗教寺观、名人故居，以及众多的现代化宏伟建筑和各类博物馆、纪念馆、展览馆及特色公园；另外还有著名的街市和郊外风景胜地。北京既有历史文化游览区，又有自然景观风景区，还有以现代游乐设施为主的游览娱乐区。1986年经北京及全国旅游者的评选，又选出北京新十六景；1992年又首批评出北京旅游世界之最十大人文景观。如今的北京不仅是中国第一大旅游城市，也是全世界瞩目的国际性市场。她既具有古都风貌，又有现代都市风光，古貌新姿交相辉映，对每一旅者具有极强的辐射力和吸引力。
北京故宫是明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城。历代宫殿都“象天立宫”以表示君为天子“受命于天”。由于君为天子，天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地，故名紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年（1406年），永乐十八年（1420年）建成。历经明、清两个朝代24个皇帝。
北京故宫
故宫也称紫禁城，位于北京市中心，曾居住过24个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，现辟为故宫博物院。院内陈列我国各个朝代的艺术珍品，是中国最丰富的文化和艺术的宝库。故宫的整个建筑金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，被誉为世界五大宫之一（北京故宫、凡尔赛宫、白金汉宫、白宫、克里姆林宫），并为联合国科教文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。
故宫的宫殿建筑，是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。宫殿是沿着一条南北向的中轴线排列，左右对称，南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿整个紫禁城。规划严整，气魄宏伟，极为壮观。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都属无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。
故宫规模宏大，占地72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，有房屋9999间，是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威，故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照“前朝后寝”的古制，布置着帝王发号施令、象征政权中心的三大殿（太和殿、中和殿、保和殿）和帝后居住的后三宫（乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫）。在其内廷部分（乾清门以北），左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿--宁寿宫，和以太宫太妃居住的宫殿--慈宁宫为中心的次要轴线，这两条次要轴线又和外朝以太和门为中心，与左边的文华殿，右边的武英殿相呼应。两条次要轴线和中央轴线之间，有斋宫及养殿，其后即为嫔妃居住的东西六宫。出于防御的需要，这些宫殿筑的外围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四角有角楼，外有护城河。
午门 故宫的正门，游人可由天安门向北进入午门。古以北为子，南为午，午门正处于故宫中轴线之南的向阳位置，故称“午门”。午门平面呈凹形，正楼面阔九间，重檐庑殿式，东西两观对峙，这种形制的门有天子才可以用，所以它是皇帝宫殿的标志。当然这种建筑也有利于防卫，因为它组成了一个交叉火力网。午门是皇帝每年冬至颁发来年历书的地方，如遇有战争获胜，则要在此举行凯旋“献俘”仪式。因古时奏凯献俘首先要祭庙社，而午门去太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）及社稷坛（今中山公园）最近。此外，午门前广场院也是受廷杖的地方，官员如触犯“龙颜”将在此受廷杖之刑。1519年武宗朱厚照要去江南选美，由于众大臣劝阻，惹恼了武宗，结果竟有130名官员在午门受廷杖，一次就打死了11人。
太和殿 也叫“金銮殿”，故宫中最巍峨、最壮丽的建筑，面阔11间，进深5间，重檐庑殿式，黄色琉璃瓦，耸立在三层汉白玉须弥座台基（高35.05米）之上。大殿面积2377平方米，是我国现存、也是世界现有最大的木结构宫殿建筑。太和殿是举行大典的地方，明清两代皇帝登极、宣布即位诏书，皇帝大婚，册立皇后，命将出征，每年元旦、冬至、万寿（皇帝生日）等节日都要在此受百官的朝贺及赐宴。
太和殿 内外摆有大量特殊的陈设，殿前月台上摆的铜鼎、铜龟、铜鹤是大典时用来焚香的，它含有江山水固之意。月台上摆的日晷和嘉量，用来象征皇权。三层汉白玉台基每个栏杆下都设有排水的龙头，暴雨时可形成千龙喷水壮观景象，用来显示皇威。殿前的双龙戏珠御路石，其珠为吉祥如意珠，双龙之中，一个代表天帝，另一个代表帝王，帝王受天之命，合天之意，务使国中风调雨顺，国泰民安。双龙下面的山海图案乃象征江山水永固。殿内金色的九龙宝座和屏风安置在高约2米的金色台基之上，并置于六根盘龙金柱之间，以突出帝王唯我独尊之地位。藻井正中的蟠龙口中倒垂下一个大圆球，谓之“轩辕镜”，此乃辟邪之物，也寓有明镜高悬的含意。
中和殿 这是皇帝临太和殿大典前休息和接受官员信行礼的地方。 保和殿 保和殿为重檐歇山顶，面阔九间，是举行册立皇后、皇太子等大典时皇帝更衣的地方，清乾隆以后，殿试也改在保和殿举行。清朝时，每年正月初一和十五，皇帝常在此殿宴请各少数民簇王公和大臣。
游人在游三大殿时，可看到很多御路石，其中以保和殿后面的一块为最大、最宏伟，它用整块艾叶青雕成，长16.07米，宽3.07米，厚1.70米，重达200吨，九龙飞腾在大海和流云之中，象征着真命天子一统山河。
乾清门 是帝后寝宫以及嫔妃、皇子等居住生活区域的正门。清代御门听政即在乾清门进行。
乾清宫 是皇帝的寝宫，顺治、康熙年间也兼作听政、召见大臣之处。每逢元旦、元宵、端午、中秋、重阳、冬至、万寿等节日，皇帝在这里举行朝礼和赐宴。
北京故宫
交泰殿 在清代，交泰殿是皇后在元旦、千秋（皇后生日）等节日接受大臣朝贺的地方，后来又在这里存放皇帝行使权力的25方宝玺。此外，这里还有铜壶滴漏装置和清代造的自鸣钟。
坤宁宫 在明清，坤宁宫是皇后居住的地方，清朝按满族的习俗，将其改为祭神的场所，把东暧阁作为皇帝大婚的洞房。
御花园 出坤宁宫北行就是御花园，它有门与东西六宫相通。园东西长130米，南北宽90米，主要建筑钦安殿正处在中轴线上，明时这里供秋季大享及祭祀玄武大帝之用，清代改为寺庙。园之东北部叠石堆秀山，是帝后嫔妃“重阳登高”之处。御花园是一座以建筑为主体的宫廷花园，亭台楼阁结构精巧，山石树木安排有序，奇花异木怪石竞奇争艳，五色石子甬道四通八达，游人都愿在此尽情观赏，拍照留影。
东西六宫 这是嫔妃居住的地方，俗称“三宫六院”。现在东六宫大都改为古代艺术品陈列馆，其中有明清工艺美术馆、陶瓷馆、青铜器馆、钟表馆、绘画馆、珍宝馆。以参观珍宝馆和钟表馆的人数最多，钟表馆设在奉先殿，珍宝馆设在故宫东北角的养性殿、乐寿堂、颐和轩这在座堂里。玩具陈列馆设在坤宁宫以东的联房叫东板房里。西六宫基本上未动，仍按原来面貌布置。
养心殿 乾清门内的养心殿，从雍正清末近200年间，清朝皇帝大多住在这里。在同治、光绪两朝，养心殿东暧阁是慈禧与慈安“垂帘听政”之地。
游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门----神武门进。进入天安门，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门----午门。这里城墙高大，城门楼巍峨壮观，给人以无比威严的感觉，使站在这里的人自己感到渺小这是古代统治者利用建筑艺术来为增强其帝王威慑力量服务的一个最突出的例子。穿过午门，又是一个大广场，广场上有一金水桥。过桥经太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。从高处看，金水桥和流经广场的那条御河，其形状恰像一把巨大的弓。经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看皇帝的卧室(乾清宫)，放置皇帝印玺的地方(交泰殿)，皇帝结婚的新房(坤宁宫)，嫔妃所住的地方(其中有的已辟为展厅)和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力。以安排一日游为佳。如有时间，又想看得细些，则可安排二日游。
一 北京故宫简介
知道北京故宫：北京故宫，又称紫禁城，北京故宫是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫为我国现存最大最完整的古建筑群，北京故宫面积达155000平方米，房屋9000多间（民间传说9999.5间）。北京故宫四周围有10米高的城墙，墙外还有52米宽的护城河坏绕，城之四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。北京故宫全城南北长960米，东西宽760米，占地72万平方米，北京故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照“前朝后寝”的古制，布置着帝王发号施令、象征政权中心的三大殿（太和殿、中和殿、保和殿）和帝后居住的后三宫（乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫）。在其内廷部分（乾清门以北），左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿--宁寿宫，和以太宫太妃居住的宫殿--慈宁宫为中心的次要轴线，这两条次要轴线又和外朝以太和门为中心，与左边的文华殿，右边的武英殿相呼应。两条次要轴线和中央轴线之间，有斋宫及养殿，其后即为嫔妃居住的东西六宫。出于防御的需要，北京故宫的这些宫殿筑的外围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四角有角楼，外有护城河。
北京故宫全景
北京故宫细节：珍宝馆都是些稀世珍宝啦！所以要买门票（10元），还要套上专门的鞋套呢；北海两边都栽满了杨柳，水上是如鲫的游船，《让我们荡起双桨》就是歌唱这里的。
二 北京故宫传说
关于北京故宫：北京故宫有很多传说，其中流传最广的是每天晚上都能听见有人在奏乐，而且有时能看见宫女太监排队走过。不过科学人员解释了：北京故宫能看见宫女是有科学依据的,因为宫墙是红色的,含有四氧化三铁，而闪电可能会将电能传导下来，如果碰巧有宫女经过，那么这时候宫墙就相当于录象带的功能，如果以后再有闪电巧巧合出现，可能就会像录象放映一样，出现那个被录下来宫女的影子。
北京故宫印象
三 北京故宫旅游小贴士
解说北京故宫：北京故宫博物院为游客准备了讲解器，10元钱就可以租到，当然，也可以请一位专职导游进行讲解。
北京故宫向导：（1）最理想的参观路线是从午门进入紫禁城，然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥、太和门、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清门、乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园。（2）参观完御花园，可以通过御花园左侧的门进入西六宫依次参观储秀宫、翎坤宫、永寿宫、咸福宫、长春宫、太极殿（也叫启祥宫），然后出内右门回到乾清门广场，东行进入内左门，可依次参观东六宫延禧宫、永和宫、景阳宫、乘乾宫、钟粹宫。参观完东六宫可沿东长安街再回到乾清门广场，向东穿过景运门进入锡庆门，然后再进入皇极门，可以参观皇极殿、宁寿宫、扮戏楼、畅音阁、养性殿、乾隆花园、贞妃井，最后出贞顺门西行出神武门离开北京故宫。
第12篇：英文介绍
My name is peter.I am six years old.I am from Taiwan.Many people ask me about my Chinese name because they think the meaning of it is very interesting.But I hope my friends can remember my English name rather than my Chinese one.My hobby is playing basketball.I usually play it with my friends after school, and I believe playing basketball will bring me good health.I am a talkative person.It is very difficult for me to keep quiet.Now I am studying in English, so I hope everyone can speak English to me.Otherwise I will feel very bad if I keep quiet.
I am xxx and I am 12 years old.My favorite sports include basketball， swim and football.One of my
favorite stars is Liu Xiang because he is the fastest runner in the world and a pride of our country.I have love fruits like watermelon， grapes， banana， and so forth.When I have time， I like watching TV， playing games on my computer， surfing the web， and reading.I have a lot of friends and we often play football together.
My Chinese name is xxx.My English name is xxx.I’m a boy .I’m nine years old.I’m from Ruian Xincheng Experimentation primary school.
I’m in Cla three Grade four.I’m clever.I’m a good boy.I’m helpful.I often help clamates.My best friend is Caichenglai.He’s nine years old too.We eat play and read together.We learn each other.
I like swimming,roller-skating and computer games.
I swim everyday in the summer holiday.I ofen roller-skating on the weekend.
I like blue and red .
I like the blue sky.I like the red auturm .
There are three people in my family.They are my mother my father and I.My mother is thirty-seven years old.She’s an accountant.She likes to go travelling.Myfatheris thirty-seven years old too.He is a teacher.He likes to reedbooks.
hello, everyone, it\'s my honor to stand here introducing myself.
大家好， 很高兴有机会在这里介绍我自己。
My name is xxx, from Cla 2, Grade six,xxxx Primary School.
我是xxx，xx小学六年级2班的学生。
I\'m doing well in my study, besides I\'m the monitor of my cla and I get on well with my clamates.我学习成绩优秀，是班上的班长并且我和同学们相处很融洽。
I\'m a happy and talented girl.I\'m good at drawing and many of my drawings have won prizes.At the same time, I like telling stories.
我是一个开朗又多才多艺的女孩，画画是我最擅长的，曾多次或奖。同时我还很会讲故事。
I\'m interested in learning English very much, and I believe that I will do well in future.I won\'t let you down!我很喜欢学习英语，我相信我会表现的出色，我不会让大家失望的。
Thanks for your listening.
谢谢你们的聆听。
---
Hello,everybody.大家好
My name\'s( ).我的名字叫（ ）
I\'m in Cla( )Grade six of( )school.我在（ ）学校6年级（）班级
I\'m tall(short).I\'m ( )centimeters.我很高（矮），我（）厘米。
I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语
Beacuse English is interesting.因为英语很有趣。
So my English is very good.所以，我的英语很好。
I acquire many award.我获得过很多奖项。
I hope that every of you will love me。希望大家能喜欢我。
Hello,everyone.My name is ***(你的名字),I\'m *（你的年纪） years old.I study in ***（你的学校名） Primary School.I\'m in Grade*（你的年级） Cla*（你的班级）.
I like football and English very much,and i often play football with my clamates after schoo.My English teacher is ***（你英语老师的名字）,she/he（女的选she，男的选he） is very nice to us,I like her/him（女的选her，男的选him） a lot.
There are three members in my family:my father,my mother and I.Both of parents love me and I love them too.
That\'s all,thanks。
或
hello !!! boys and grils
my name is forest , i 12 old , my is girl .my family have a three people .my is youngest than other two and i is oldest of the tow.my father and my monther very love me,i love them too.i at my family very happily.i love my family very much, and you?
i have a big eyes and a big mouth .i have a short between hair.
i have a lot of hobbies ,for example : ilike play football , basketball , badminton , table tennis , i like draw a paintings, watercolours and landscapes,i like is it .and you?
now, i in a six grade.i like chinese cla very much, it very fun ,i love go chinese cla.my best like p.e.it very happy.and you?
my dream is to be a computer engineer when i grow up, because i very like playing computers.and you?i study very hard , i very like study .
one day , is a summer holiday .i and my mother and my father together clambing mountian ,my father and my mother suddenly listenning:\"oh!!! hlep me!! help me !!you say :\"why???\" i say to you :\"because my suddenly lie down .\"
第13篇：英文导游词系列之故宫 午门
故宫 午门
思路：概况——历史沿革——午门（外形、建筑特点）——作用
Good morning teachers, my topic is General Information of the Forbidden City in front of Meridan Gate.
The Forbidden City is located in the center of BJ.It used to be the former Imperial Palace for the M&Q Emperors.It is the best-preserved imperial palace in China, the largest ancient palatial structure in the world, and it is also the largest piece of ancient Chinese architecture still in existence today.
Now, let show you something about the history of the Forbidden City In 1368, after the 1st emperor Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he made Nan Jing as it\'s capital.But after the 3rd Emperor Zhu Di came to the throne in 1402, he decided to move the capital from Nan Jing to Bei Jing.Upon the decision of moving the capital, a large-scale construction of the Forbidden City started in 1406 and based on the model of the Imperial Palace in Nan Jing.But was more splendid and larger.The construction took 14 years and was completed in 1420.in the following year, 1421, the capital of the Ming Dynasty was moved from NJ to BJ.
When the Qing rulers took over BJ, they just stayed in the former imperial palace but rebuilt and renovated most of the buildings.So the situation of the Forbidden City was much better than it was in the Ming Dynasty.But in the later of Qing Dynasty, because of the corruption of the Qing Government, and the slack management of the Forbidden City, it once again fell into a declined and waned condition.
Later on, Qing Dynasty was overthrown by 1911 Revolution led by Dr.Sun-Yat-Sen.But according to the 19 articles of the preferential treatment for Qing court, after 1911, the last Emperor Pu Yi and his royal family spent another 13 years in the Forbidden City until 1924, they were driven out of the palace.
Starting from the 3rd emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty, to the last emperor Pu Yi of the Qing Dynasty, there were a total 24 emperors who lived and handled state affairs in the Forbidden City.On the October 10th 1925, the whole complex was converted into a museum and opened to the public, and in 1987, it was listed as a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO.
The Forbidden City covers an area of 72 hectares.It is rectangular in shape, 960 ms long from north to south, and 750 ms while from east to west, surrounded with a 10-m high city wall and encircled by a 52-m wide moat.At each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower, which was heavily guarded in the old days.Each of the 4 watchtower has 9 beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridgepoles.
The Forbidden City can be divided into 2 parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace.The Outer Court consists of 3 main buildings.This was the place where the emperors attended the grand ceremonies and conducted state affairs; while the Inner Palace is composed of rear 3 main buildings and the 6 eastern palaces and 6 western palaces.There was the place where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and it was the living quarters for the emperor, empre and imperial concubines.The layout of the Forbidden City is generally designed to the principle of \"a Front Court and Rear Palace\", which means \"the front court for state affairs and the rear palace as the living quarters\".OK, so much for the history part, next, I\'ll introduce the Meridan Gate.There are 4 gates in each side of the Forbidden City.The Meridan Gate is the main entrance to the Forbidden City and also the south gate of Forbidden City.On the top of the gate, there are 5 towers, so it was also nicknamed as the \"Five-Phoenix Tower\".The main tower is rectangular in shape, which is located in the center with 4 square-shaped tower in each corner.Inside the tower, bells and drums were installed. There are 3 obvious doorways can be seen from the outside of the Meridan Gate and 2 side doorways are hidden from view.But all 5 doorways cane be seen after walking through the Meridan Gate and turning around.This is a typical building method for this kind of gate——\"3 obvious doorways can be seen from the outside, but five doorways can be seen from inside\".However, on the day the Imperial Palace Examination results were announced, the 1st top 3 outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate here in the Forbidden City.The high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east, and the royal family members went in through the west.The two smaller ones on both side at the the corner were for the low-ranking officials.
During the Palace Examination, all the candidates went in from the these two side-gates according to their odd or even numbers.
During the Ming & Qing Dynasties, there were mainly two functions of the Meridan Gate: the festival activities and the official ceremonies.The festival activities mainly were: Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Double- nine Festival and some other different Chinese folk festivals in the lunar month every year.The official ceremonies mainly were two: the ceremony of announcing the new lunar year calendar and the ceremony of \"Accepting Captive of War\".
\"Court Beating\" also took place in front of the Meridan Gate, which is a kind of punishment to punish those offending officials by beating them on their buttocks with sticks, Fortunately, this kind of punishment was abolished in the Qing Dynasty.
第14篇：北京故宫和天坛英文导游词
FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城)
(In front of the meridian gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am pleased to serve as your guide today.
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City.It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today.Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406.It took 14years to build the Forbidden City.The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 succeive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne.In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) .The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.In folklore, the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pa.Here, purple is aociated with auspicious developments.The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.Red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loe Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people.Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape.It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west.It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters.A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex.Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall.There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowe) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowe) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed.Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province.Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China.Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut, proceed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven) Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all, there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you, the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven. (Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar) The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of succeive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind, and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held. The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city, this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth, the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar. (Along the Imperial Paage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar) The Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls, each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the paage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers. On the day of the ceremony, the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter. (Atop the Circular Mound Alter) we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second, 18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiple of 9.But why?
第15篇：北京故宫导游词北京故宫英文导游辞
; i am pleased to serve as your guide today.¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city.it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today.under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406.it took 14years to build the forbidden city.the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi.for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 succeive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star).the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace.because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence.in folklore, the term ¡±an eastern purple cloud is drifting¡± became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pa.here, purple is aociated with auspicious developments.the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic.red represents happine, good fortune and wealth.yellow is the color of the earth on the loe plateau, the original home of the chinese people.yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
第16篇：故宫
14 故宫博物院
课文研讨
本文大体按照游览参观路线，由南到北逐次并详略得当地介绍了故宫的主要建筑及其布局和功用。读者既从中获得了对故宫的一般性了解，又对祖国的传统建筑艺术产生自豪感。
课文第1段交代了故宫的位置及历史沿革，使读者对故宫产生整体印象。它地处“北京的中心”，是“城中之城”，即可让人看到故宫的规模之大，以及地位之非同寻常；故宫又叫“故宫博物院”，是着眼于它的丰富的收藏品而言的；它是“我国现存的最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群，有五百多年历史”，这就突出了故宫在今天所具有的独一无二的历史意义。
第2段统观故宫全局，先大笔勾勒出紫禁城的整体布局，然后指出故宫的特点：故宫建筑群规模宏大壮丽，建筑精美，布局统一，集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的独特风格。后文对故宫各建筑物的介绍就充分体现了故宫的上述特点，而故宫的这些特点和它本来是封建帝王的居住地，是大一统封建帝国的象征相适应的。下面就根据课文从几方面来看故宫的特点。
宏大壮丽：
紫禁城的城墙十米多高。
宫城呈长方形，占地72万平方米，有大小宫殿七十多座、房屋九千多间。城墙外是五十多米宽的护城河。
三座大殿矗立在七米多高的白石台基上。
太和殿俗称金銮殿，高28米，面积2 380多平方米，是故宫最大的殿堂。在湛蓝的天空下，那金黄色的琉璃瓦重檐屋顶，显得格外辉煌。„„正面是12根红色大圆柱，金琐窗，朱漆门，同台基相互衬映，色彩鲜明，雄伟壮丽。
建筑精美：
河上是五座精美的汉白玉石桥。
台基有三层，每层的边缘都用汉白玉栏杆围绕着，上面刻着龙凤流云„„ 方台两旁有六根高大的蟠龙金柱，每根大柱上盘绕着矫健的金龙。仰望殿顶，中央藻井有一条巨大的雕金蟠龙。„„梁枋间彩画绚丽，有双龙戏珠、单龙翔雾，有行龙、升龙、降龙，多态多姿，龙身周围还衬托着流云火焰。
殿顶把四道垂脊攒在一起，正中安放着一个大圆鎏金宝顶，轮廓非常优美。
紫禁城布局统一体现在很多地方：紫禁城东西南北各有一座城门；城墙的四角上，各有一座角楼；三大殿规模不同，用处不同，而从外观上看属同一组建筑；紫禁城前后两大部分的建筑基本上相对称，如三大殿和后三宫遥相呼应。
至于故宫所具有的独特的我国古代建筑艺术风格则在建筑材料、彩画、雕饰及建筑物式样上都很明显地表现了出来。如汉白玉石桥、汉白玉栏杆、琉璃瓦、红色大圆柱、金琐窗、朱漆门、龙凤雕饰、太和殿民族味道浓郁的造型等。故宫在北京城的中轴线上，三大殿在故宫的中轴线上，这种严整的布局，以及同组建筑物之间讲究同中有异、不同组建筑物之间讲究对比与呼应，使得故宫的布局严整而不失于死板，这都是我国传统审美观的表现。
课文以三大殿中的太和殿作为重点，详细介绍了它的方位、外观、内部装饰以及功用，这样，读者既对故宫的“心脏”──太和殿有了比较全面的了解，又能够由点到面，对故宫的整体特点产生比较深刻的印象。所以，后面虽然对中和殿、保和殿、后三宫等建筑一笔带过，但读者因此而获得的鲜明印象并不会模糊。文章最后一段写在故宫北门对面的景山高处望故宫，人们会不由自主地对这“宏伟的建筑群”“和谐统一的布局”发出惊叹，既呼应前文，同时也正是读者此时的由衷感受。
本文在安排说明次序时注意到：
（一）着眼于纵贯紫禁城的中轴线，由南到北，逐次介绍建筑物。作者沿着参观路线，以**为起点，穿端门，进午门，过汉白玉石桥，来到前三殿。依次介绍了太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，并略提东西两侧的文华殿、武英殿。三大殿和武英殿、文华殿合称为“前朝”。然后继续向北，简单介绍了位于中轴线上的“内廷”建筑：乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫以及御花园。最后出顺贞门到神武门而离开故宫，这样写来井然有序，条理分明。
（二）总说和分说相结合。在逐一介绍各个宫殿之前，先概括介绍故宫的总体布局以及它的外观概貌和建筑特点，然后以保和殿后面的小广场为界，把故宫分为前朝和内廷两部分，分别加以介绍。最后一段，借登临景山俯瞰故宫全景，对上文的具体分说作综合总括，再次突出这个建筑群布局的和谐统一，使读者对这个建筑群总体和局部的特点，获得明确、完整的印象。故宫中的每个宫殿也有它的总体构造和组成部分，课文一般也是按先总后分、先外后内的顺序加以介绍，即先写它的外观，再写它的内部装饰、陈设，有的接着还介绍它的用途，说明它的象征意义。
二、仔细阅读文中介绍太和殿的部分，回答下列问题。
1．作者介绍了太和殿哪些方面的情况？说明顺序是怎样的？ 2．作者为什么要把太和殿作为解说的重点？
设题意图是抓住文章的重点，使学生能够举一反三，并进入更深思考。
1．对太和殿，先写使三大殿成为统一整体的台基──台基修建得很高（三层台基高七米），并且设施奇巧（排水管道是一千多个圆雕龙头），这就暗示和渲染了三大殿地位之尊崇；再写太和殿外观气势雄伟（是故宫最大的殿堂），色彩壮丽（金黄色的琉璃瓦重檐屋顶，装饰着青蓝点金和贴金彩画的斗拱、额枋、梁柱，红色大圆柱，金琐窗，朱漆门），内部装饰的庄严富丽（金銮宝座、雕龙屏、金柱、藻井、梁枋等上面都装饰着多姿多态的龙）；最后从它的位置和功用上（皇帝举行重大典礼的地方）说明它在设计方面的象征意义──过去封建皇帝凭借雄伟的建筑显示威严。使用的说明顺序是由外到内、总说和分说相结合。
2．因为太和殿是“前朝”以致整个故宫的重点建筑物，是封建皇帝行使统治权力和举行重大典礼的场所，因此它的地位非常重要，另外它在整个建筑群中最具代表性。所以文章把太和殿作为介绍的重点。
补充资料先从位于中轴线上的各座城门、院门说起。午门是整座宫城的大门，位于紫禁城的最南面。高高的城台上，中央有一座九开间的大殿，在它的两翼各有13间的殿屋向南伸出，在这殿屋两端各有一座方形的殿堂，这种呈字形的门楼称为“阙门”，是中国古代大门中最高级的形式。午门大殿用的是庑殿重檐式屋顶，这也是屋顶中最高级的式样。午门作为紫禁城的大门，同时又是皇帝下诏书，下令出征和战士战后凯旋向皇帝献俘的地方。每遇宣读皇帝圣旨，颁发年历书，文武百官都要齐集午门前广场听旨。官员犯死罪，传有“推出午门斩首”之说，其实明、清两朝执行死刑斩首示众的地方是在离午门有相当距离的菜市口，午门广场只是对官员执行“杖刑”的地方。午门城台下正面有三个门洞，左右城台各有一门称为掖门。正面中央的门洞是皇帝专用的门道，除皇帝外，皇后在完婚入宫时可进此门；各省举人汇集京城接受皇帝殿试，中了状元的进士可由此门出宫，这算是特许的了。百官上朝，文武官员进出东门，王公宗室进出西门。如遇大朝皇帝升殿，朝见文武百官人数增多，和皇帝殿试各省晋京的举人时，才把左右掖门打开，文、武官分别进出东、西两掖门，各省举人则按在会试时考中的名次，单数走东掖门，双数走西掖门。一座午门的五个门洞也表现出了如此鲜明的等级制度。
紫禁城的后门为神武门，位于中轴线之北。神武门原称玄武门。玄武为古代四神兽之一，从方位上讲，左青龙，右白虎，前朱雀，后玄武，玄武主北方，所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名玄武门。清朝第二任皇帝康熙名玄烨，为了避讳，将玄武门改为神武门。神武门也是一座城门楼形式，用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶，但它的大殿只有五开间加周围廊，没有左右向前伸展的两翼，所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。
午门的北面是紫禁城前朝部分的大门太和门。太和门不是宫城之门而是一组建筑群体的大门，因此它没有采用城楼门的形式，用的是宫殿式大门。大门坐落在白石台基之上，面阔九开间，进深四间，上面是重檐歇山式屋顶，这是在屋顶中仅次于重檐庑殿顶的等级，大门之前的左右两边各有一只铜狮把门，铜狮坐落在高高的石座上，张嘴瞪目，形态十分雄伟，增添了这座大门的威势。明、清两朝的帝王除在重大节庆日必须亲临太和殿举行大朝仪式外，平日遇到需下诏颁令时往往在这座太和门内接见文武百官。所以太和门除了作为前朝的大门外，还有“御门听政”的用处。
紫禁城后宫部分也有一座大门，称乾清门，它位于前朝保和殿的北面，也是一座宫殿式大门。面阔五开间，单檐歇山式屋顶，也有白石台基，门前左右也有一对铜狮子把门。但它毕竟是后宫的大门，所以在屋顶形式、面阔大小、台基高低、铜狮子的形态上都比太和殿要低一个等级。在礼制规定的许可范围内，为了不失后宫大门的身份，特别加建了两座影壁，呈八字形联接在大门的左右，与乾清门联成为一个整体，使这座宫门也颇有气势。
我们再看一下中轴线上的几个庭院、广场和广场上的主要建筑。从午门进紫禁城，首先来到一个横向的广场，面积有26 000平方米。北面为太和门，左右两边各有门廊围合成为封闭性的庭院。在广场的中间，横列着一条称为金水河的小河，横贯东西，将广场分为南北两半。河上架着五座有汉白玉白栏杆的石桥，正对着太和门。紫禁城里并没有自然河道，这条金水河从何而来？
原来在中国人的环境观念中，背山面水是一种理想的模式，甚至以风水的形式被固定下来，即使没有自然的地势环境，也要人工创造出相应的条件以求得吉祥与安宁。紫禁城在兴建时，用挖掘护城河的泥土在宫城的北面堆筑了一座景山，又从护城河中引出水流，自紫禁城的西北角流入宫中，并让它流经几座重要的建筑前面，以造成背山面水的吉利环境。于是，在这座重要的太和门前出现了这条金水河，河道弯曲如带，也称为“玉带河”。当年皇帝御门听政，文武百官清早就立候在这条玉带河的南面，等帝王驾到，即从太和门的左右两侧台阶上门听旨。玉带河不仅具有风水作用，也有排泄雨水、供水灭火的功能，它横贯太和门前，无疑也增添了环境的意趣，加强了广场的艺术表现力。
进入太和门到前朝部分。先是一个十分宽广的庭院广场，紫禁城的中心大殿太和殿就坐落在广场之北。太和殿是宫城最重要的一座殿堂，皇帝登基、完婚、寿诞，每逢重大节日接受百官朝贺和赐宴都要在这里举行隆重的礼仪。其后的中和殿是帝王上大朝前做准备与休息的场所。中和殿北面的保和殿是皇帝举行殿试和宴请王公的殿堂。太和、中和、保和三大殿组成紫禁城前朝的中心，无论在整体规划与使用功能上都处于整座宫城最重要的位置，尤其以太和殿最为突出。
太和殿面阔11开间，共宽60．01米；进深5间共33．33米；通高35．05米；建筑面积2 377平方米，它是中国留存的古建筑中，开间最多、进深最大、屋顶最高的一座大殿。屋顶自然用的是最高等级的重檐庑殿式，台基有三层，共高8．13米，三大殿共用这座大台基。三层台基的四周有石栏杆相围，台基的前后左右设有台阶，其中前后的台阶有左右并列的三道，中央一道为专供帝王上下的御道，御道上雕着九条龙纹。在最上面的一层台基上，位于太和殿的前方，还布置着象征国家长治久安、江山永保的铜龟、铜鹤、石嘉量、日晷和成排的铜香炉。每当大朝之日，庞大的仪仗队罗列广场，旌旗招展，百官上朝，钟鼓齐鸣，殿前香烟缭绕，这气氛是颇具感染力的。试想当年朝廷百官或各路使节要觐见皇上，先在午门或太和门外候旨，然后经几道门阙进入广场，穿过仪仗队，爬上高高的三层台基才能进到太和殿，这种环境造成了一种威慑力。当年的规划者和匠师们就是这样运用最大的广场，最高的台基与建筑，最讲究的装饰，通过环境的经营，及建筑本身的形象与装饰使紫禁城威武壮观。 后宫也有三座主要的大殿。最前面的是乾清宫，在明朝和清朝前期这里是皇帝、皇后的寝宫，有时皇帝也在这里接见下臣，处理日常公务。其后是交泰殿，为皇后接受皇族朝贺的地方。最北面的坤宁宫为皇后居住的正宫。清朝时将它分作东西两个部分。西半部分按满族习俗，沿墙设大炕，室内安置大锅，每逢祭日，皇室在这里杀猪、做米糕、喝酒祭祀诸神。东半部为皇帝结婚用洞房，设有龙凤喜床，双喜字影壁等。三座宫殿同处于中轴线上，并且坐落在同一座台基上。乾清宫与坤宁宫用的是最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶。按礼制，后宫比前朝要低一个等级，所以这里的台基只有一层。乾清宫前面的庭院远没有前朝的那么宽广，在乾清门与大殿之间还连着一条甬道，使人们进入后宫大门后直接可以走到乾清宫而不必由庭院登上高高的台基。凡此种种，都可以使人明显地感到这里是供帝王生活的寝宫，不需要像前朝宫殿群那样地威严而宏伟。
紫禁城的规划与建筑布局运用了五行学说的观念。阴阳五行是中国古代的一种世界观和宇宙观。古人认为世上万物皆分阴阳，男性为阳，女性为阴；方位中前为阳，后为阴；数字中单数为阳，双数为阴等等。在紫禁城，属于阳性的帝王执政的朝廷放在前面，将皇帝、皇后生活的寝宫放在后方，这不仅适应使用功能方面的需要，也符合阴阳之说。前朝安排了三座大殿，后宫部分只有两座宫（即乾清和坤宁二宫，交泰殿是后期加建的），符合单数为阳，双数为阴之说。
古人认为世界是由金、木、水、火、土五种元素所组成。地上的方位分作东、西、南、北、中五方；天上的星座分为东、西、南、北、中五官；颜色分为青、黄、赤、白、黑五色；声音分作宫、商、角、徵、羽五音阶。同时还把五种元素与五方、五色、五音联系起来组成有规律的关系。例如天上五官的中官居于中间，而中官又分为三垣，即上垣太殿，中垣紫微，下垣天市，这中垣紫微自然又处于中官之中，成了宇宙中最中心的位置，为天帝居住之地。地上的帝王既然自称为天之子，这天子在地上居住的宫殿也应该称为紫微宫。汉朝皇帝在都城长安的未央宫即别称紫微宫。明、清两朝把皇帝居住的宫城禁地称为紫禁城自然是事出有据了。五官除中官外，东官星座呈龙形，与五色中东方的青色相配称青龙；西官星座呈虎形，与西方的白色相配称白虎；南官星座呈鸟形，与南方朱色相配称朱雀；北官星座呈龟形，与北方玄色（黑色）相配称玄武。所以青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武成了天上四个方向星座的标记，也成为地上四个方位的象征，因而也成了人间的神兽。秦汉时期已经有了四神兽纹样的瓦当，成为当时用在宫殿上的特殊瓦当。唐朝长安的皇城和宋朝汴梁的宫城，它们的南门都称为朱雀门，北门都称为玄武门。明、清朝紫禁城的午门也称为“五凤楼”，凤本属鸟类，所以午门也是朱雀门，北面的宫门自然称玄武门。
五种颜色中，除了东青、西白、南朱、北黑以外，中央为黄色，黄为土地之色，土为万物之本，尤其在农业社会，土地更有特殊的地位，所以黄色成了五色的中心。在紫禁城，几乎所有的宫殿屋顶都用黄色琉璃瓦就不奇怪了。
除了礼制和阴阳五行学说之外，紫禁城的规划者和营造者还采用了哪些原则和相应的手法呢？我国著名的建筑史学家傅熹年教授从紫禁城院落面积和宫殿位置的模数关系上进行了探讨。他对紫禁城主要院落和重要建筑仔细测量与分析，发现了一些现象：
首先，测得后寝二宫组成的院落东西宽118米，南北长218米，二者之比为6∶11；由前朝三大殿组成的院落东西宽234米，南北长437米，二者之比同样为6∶11；而且后者的长、宽都几乎为前者的二倍，即前朝院落的面积等于后宫院落的四倍。其次，在后宫部分的东、西两侧各有东西六宫和东西五所，经测量，这东、西两个部分的长为216米，宽为119米，这尺寸与后宫院落大小基本相同。由此可以看出，前朝院落与东西六宫、五所的面积都可能是根据后宫院落大小而定的。傅教授认为，中国封建王朝的建立，对皇帝来说是“化家为国”，所以以皇帝的家，即后宫为模数来规划前三殿与其他建筑群，这是完全可以理解的。
另外，如果在后宫院落和前朝院落的四角各划对角线，那对角线的交点正落在乾清宫和太和殿的中心。这很可能是一种决定建筑群中主要殿堂位置的设计手法，中心之前为庭院，之后安排其他建筑以突出主要殿堂的地位。这种现象在北京智化寺、妙应寺等重要寺庙中同样存在。傅教授还发现，前朝三大殿共处的工字形大台基，其南北之长为232米，东西宽130米，二者之比为9∶5。按阴阳之说，单数为阳，阳数为九属最高，五居中，所以古代常以九和五象征帝王之数，称“九五之尊”。在这座重要的台基上采用此数，应当说不是设计者的无意巧合。
17 奇妙的克隆
课文研讨
一、整体把握
《奇妙的克隆》一文用了四个小标题，使全文内容层次分明，条理清晰。浏览一下课文的小标题，就对课文内容有个大体的了解。
1．克隆是什么？克隆是无性繁殖的新兴生物技术。在“克隆是什么”一小节里，作者把这门科学技术说得浅显易懂。首先，从我们容易理解的常见的生物现象写起，“一个细菌经过20分钟左右就可一分为二；一根葡萄枝切成十段就可能变成十株葡萄……凡此种种，都是生物靠自身的一分为二或自身的一小部分的扩大来繁衍后代，这就是无性繁殖。”这样就把高深的科学技术说得生动形象，明白晓畅。接着，从词源上追溯“克隆”的原意，让我们进一步弄明白了克隆的含义。紧承前文，文章对克隆的介绍又进一步，从植物“克隆”写到动物的“克隆”。以“孙悟空经常在紧要关头拔一把猴毛变出一大群猴子，猴毛变猴就是克隆猴”来作结，把科学技术写得富有趣味。
2．克隆鲫鱼出世前后。这一节是对克隆实验的简要介绍和说明。这一节作者没有以时间顺序来写克隆实验，而是用两条线索来组织材料：一条是以中外科学实验为线索，这样写突出了中国科学家在克隆实验方面的研究成果和贡献；一条是以实验对象即由鱼类、两栖类到哺乳类为线索来安排材料。这样写便于认清克隆技术发展的脉络。两条线索有机结合，大大增强了说明效果。
3．克隆绵羊“多利”。这一节较为详细地描述了“多利”的诞生过程，并揭示了克隆羊的成功的重大意义和巨大反响。
4．克隆技术造福人类。这一节从三个方面写“克隆技术会给人类带来极大的好处”：第一，克隆可以有效地繁殖具有“高附加值的牲畜”；第二，克隆可以用来挽救珍稀动物；第三，克隆对于人类疾病的防治、寿命的延长具有重要意义。但是，作者没有沉浸在盲目的乐观中，而是对克隆提出了牵涉到道德伦理问题的冷峻思考。
文章先写克隆的含义，接着写克隆实验，再写克隆的发展，最后写克隆对人类的造福和对克隆的思考。行文脉络十分清楚，说明事理步步推进。
二、问题研究
本文在写法上很有特点，可从以下几个方面来探讨。首先，表现在文章结构安排上，用四个小标题把全文分为四部分，这四个部分从不同的侧面说明克隆，但前后又有紧密的逻辑联系。其次，文中运用多种说明方法，把艰深的科学道理作了深入浅出的说明。其三，文中浸透了作者的思想感情，学生不仅从中获得科学知识，而且受到教育，得到启迪。
练习说明
一、快速阅读课文，回答下面问题。
1．为了说明“克隆是什么”，作者运用了哪些说明方法？
2．“克隆鲫鱼出世前后”一节的说明顺序是什么？为什么不以时间的先后来写“克隆试验”呢？文中这种安排有什么好处？
3．“克隆羊”的诞生，为什么在全世界引起“轰动”？
4．课文从哪些方面写了克隆技术造福于人类？
设计此题主要是帮助学生整体把握课文。在此基础上，了解事理说明文的说明顺序和说明方法。
1．作者为了说明“克隆”，运用了三种说明方法：举例子、释义和引用。举例子：列举植物、动物界当中的人们比较熟悉的例子来说明，把艰深的科学知识说得简明易懂；释义：对克隆一词进行溯源并作出解释；引用：引入《西游记》中孙悟空拔一把猴毛变出一大群猴子的故事，生动形象地说明了“克隆”是怎么一回事。
2．“克隆鲫鱼出世前后”一节说明顺序的安排体现了作者的写作技巧。这一节有两条线索：一是从中国的“克隆试验”写到外国的“克隆试验”，这样安排突出反映了我国科学家在克隆研究中的成就和贡献；二是写“克隆试验”从鱼类、两栖类再到哺乳类，体现了科学家们“对科学的追求是永无止境的”，是一个不断求索探究的过程，同时也为下文写“克隆绵羊‘多利’”的诞生提供了科学基础，做好行文的铺垫。
3．克隆羊的诞生在世界引起了轰动，主要原因有二：一是它标志克隆研究取得新的进展和重大突破，而且，“这个结果证明：动物体中执行特殊功能、具有特定形态的所谓高度分化的细胞与受精卵一样具有发育成完整个体的潜在能力。也就是说，动物细胞与植物细胞一样，也具有全能性。”二是它既可能是人类的福音，也可能成为人类的凶兆，也就是说，它既可以为人类造福，也可能给人类造成危害。
4．课文主要是从三个方面来写克隆技术造福于人类。第一，克隆可以有效地繁殖具有“高附加值的牲畜”；第二，克隆可以用来挽救珍稀动物；第三，克隆对于人类疾病的防治、寿命的延长具有重要意义。
二、从课文中找出能表现科学家严谨、求实、锲而不舍的态度与精神的句子。
设计这道练习题主要是要让学生在推敲语言文字的过程中，体会、学习科学家们严谨、求实、锲而不舍的态度和精神。例如：
（1）“用鲫鱼囊胚期的细胞进行人工培养，经过385天59代连续传代培养后，用直径10微米左右的玻璃管在显微镜下从培养细胞中吸出细胞核。”
（2）“在189个这种换核卵细胞中，只有两个孵化出了鱼苗，而最终只有一条幼鱼渡过难关，经过80多天培养后长成8厘米长的鲫鱼。”
（3）“……依靠高超的外科手术从爪蟾蝌蚪的肠上皮细胞、肝细胞、肾细胞中取出核，并把这些细胞的核精确地放进已被紫外线破坏了细胞核的卵细胞内。”
（4）“经几百次灰、黑、白这样的操作以后，白色小鼠终于生下了三只小灰鼠。”
（5）“经过247次失败之后，他们在1996年7月得到了一只名为‘多利’的克隆雌性小绵羊。”
（6）“……用极细的吸管从卵细胞中取出核。……立即送入取走核的‘苏格兰黑面羊’的卵细胞中。……然后，将胚胎巧妙地植入另一只母羊的子宫里。”
三、文中写道：“有关‘克隆人’的讨论提醒人们，科技进步是一首悲喜交集的进行曲。科技越发展，对社会的渗透越广泛深入，就越有可能引起许多有关的伦理、道德和法律等问题。”谈谈你对这段话的理解。 关于这一问题可以展开讨论，不求有统一的答案；还可以结合本单元的“综合性学习”──“关于克隆的争议”的内容来开展语文活动。教师应引导学生查阅有关克隆方面的文章资料，也可推荐这方面的文章供同学们研讨。关于这一问题的讨论大体可从如下几方面展开：1．科学是一把双刃剑，既可造福人类，也可殃及人类，而且科学造福人类和殃及人类的程度在同步增长，如核的发现和利用；2．科学的发展越来越从自然界逼近了人类本身，越来越深刻地触及人类的伦理、道德和法律以及人类心灵，如克隆人问题；3．科学发展也会引发人类道德伦理观的变革和更新。如何确立并完善现代社会伦理道德价值观，使之既能导正科学技术的发展，又能适应科学技术的进步，理性而德性运用科学之剑，使之为人类造福，同时又让人类真正享受并体会到科学带来的幸福，这将是现代社会必须探讨和面对的问题。
第17篇：南宁英文介绍
Nanning, the capital of GuangxiProvince, is located in Southern Guangxi, which Yongjiang River runs.Nanning has a history of over 1680 years and Nanning was set as the capital city of Guangxi in 1958.
As an important gateway to Southeast Asia, Nanning is a hub, a regional center and an opening city that plays an active role in the communication between China and Asian countries.
With the development of economy, Nanning attaches great important to improving natural environment and it enjoys the reputation of “the Green City of China” because of its green coverage in the country.
1.青秀山Mount Qingxiu of Nanning 清秀山风景区位于南宁市东南面约五公里，南临邕江，是国家AAAA级旅游区。包括凤凰岭，凤翼岭和青秀山，海拔高度八十二米至一百八十九米。景区内山峦起伏，群峰叠翠，山上绿树成荫，四季常绿，且泉清石奇，被誉为“南宁市的绿肺”。
青秀山
青秀山又名青山、泰青岭。古“邕州八景”之一。素以“山不高而秀，水不深而清”著称，因林木青翠，山势秀拔而得名。山上林木茂盛，遮天蔽日，清风吹过时，发出海涛般的声浪，形成青山著名景观——青山松涛。
青秀山自东南连亘西北，与凤凰岭、铜鼓岭、凤翼岭相连，雄奇秀技，古树参天。山上有岩有洞，岩幽壁峭，泉水甘例。自宋开拓，建白云、万寿、独孤诸寺。有纪念御史王守仁在南宁办学之德，于崖壁刻“阳明先生过化之地”；有为董传策而筑的“洞虚亭”、“白云精舍”和“董泉亭”，后建有龙象塔、俩宜亭、盼鸥亭、浩浩亭、真经阁、竹味精舍、青秀山房、步云门、云天阁等亭台楼阁；还有海天一览、塔影凌虚、狮林、荷花伴月、翠屏飞瀑、子夜松风、泰青远眺、山间花港、古榕抱石、千步廊等风景名胜景点。是南宁的旅游胜地。
龙象塔
龙象塔矗立在青秀山顶上，俗称青山塔，它是青秀山的象征。
龙象塔始建于明万历年间，共有九层，后被雷电击塌了两层，抗日战争期间政府认为此塔是日机轰炸南宁的“航标”，就把它炸掉了。到八十年代中期重新修建。现在的龙象塔保留了明代建筑风格，青砖碧瓦，八角叠檐，塔有九层，高60米，塔基直径12米，有207级旋梯，为广西最高最大的塔。登上塔顶，可眺望远近一二十里的风光，南宁城景色更是一览无遗。
良凤江国家森林公园Liangfengjiang National Forest Park
1.
公园拥有华南地区最大的植物标本园、中国唯一阴阳合一的佛教圣树—菩提树、中国第二大滑草场、广西最大的森林野战俱乐部，以及蝴蝶奇石馆。
介 绍
良凤江森林公园位于南宁市南郊友谊路，距市中心14.5公里。
整个公园由菩提大观园、植物王国、游乐世界三部分组成，细分为：菩提佛光、双狮拜佛、树木家园、阳光部落、八卦水域、休闲河州、雨林天簌、热情地带、绿岛龙珠、原始群落等十个各具特性的景点。可满足游客游览、烧烤、登山、划船、垂钓、游泳、森林浴、会议、度假、科普、科研、文化娱乐、集体活动等不同需要。
菩提大观园：园内有天下奇树—中国唯一阴阳合一的姻缘菩提树以及与大自然结合得非常完美的星级度假山庄—菩提山庄。
植物王国：是清奇的水泊林野。1700多种千姿百态的树种，在良凤江边葱郁成林，是华南地区最大的树木标本园。也是林木科普、教学实习、科研以及影视外景拍摄的重要基地。这里除了可欣赏到各种各样的森林奇观，负离子含量极高还是名副其实的“天然氧吧”、“森林浴场”。
游乐世界：有最新的美式森林野战，可“全副武装”在“枪林弹雨”中过把“枪战瘾”。可以乘木筏休闲河洲游、尽情的领略大自然的风光、还可欣赏各种珍奇的野生植物。也可以去多情谷探险，尽享“穿越丛林”“野外求生”带来的无穷乐趣。
伊岭岩Yiling Cave
伊岭岩风景区以伊岭岩为核心，方圆数十里皆成喀斯特地貌，秀峰林立，翠峦层叠。大诗人郭沫若1963年到此游览时，曾赋诗：“群峰拔地起，仿佛桂林城。”景区自1975年开放后，广西自治区许多活动如广西国际民歌节、中国电视金鹰奖活动等均在此举行。伊岭岩位于武鸣县境内，距南宁市郊18公里，是一座喀斯特岩溶洞。因地处伊岭村而得名，又名“敢宫”（壮语），意为宫殿一样美丽的岩洞。该洞窟位于梁满山腹中，状若海螺，深四点五米，分三层，游程1100多米，一步一景，景景各异，曲折迂回，变化无穷。据地质学家推断，形成于一百万年前。洞内已开辟八大景区，100多个大小景点，面积2.4万平方米。柱幔重叠，扑朔迷离。洞内可见千姿百态的钟乳石、石笋、石柱、石花、石幔，通过现代声光配置，组成了无数瑰丽逼真、任人想象神驰的景物：有展翅欲飞的“金凤凰”、“波光粼粼、鱼帆点点”的“海岛渔家”、还有“五彩丰登图”、“海底公园”等溶洞景观。伊岭岩前的壮寨文化长廊也充分展示了壮族文化历史和民族风情。
Nanning welcomes visitors from all over the world.Its beautiful subtropical scenery and exotic ethnic minority culture have been attracting millions of tourists for years.
Qingxiu mountain in Nanning about five kilometers to the southeast of the Yongjiang river,which is known as \"the giant lung of Nanning \".qingxiu mountain, also called qing mountain.It’s famous for the plants and beautfull scenery, and is a main entertainment place for nanning people.The mountain is not very high but very beautfull, and the water there are very clean and clear.The forest in the mountain are very big, can blot out the sun, when there is a wind, sounds of trees shaking just like the sounds from the sea, it’s a famous scene.The forest in the mountain are very big, can blot out the sun, when there is a wind, sounds of trees shaking just like the sounds from the sea, it’s a famous scene.Qingxiu mountain scenic area was formed in ming dynasty ,and was badly destroyed in world war 2, after liberation, the government paid a lot attention on rebuilt this scenic area, rebuilt the longxiang pagoda , tianchi and so on , at the same time , built some new scenic spots.
青秀山南宁约五公里的邕江的东南部，被称为“南宁”的巨肺。青秀山，也叫清山。对植物和风景靓丽、清爽、自然的发型很有名，是南宁人的主要休闲娱乐场所。山不是很高但很靓丽、清爽、自然的发型，还有很清澈的水。山上的森林非常大，能在阳光下，在那里有一个风，声音颤抖，就像大海的声音，它是一个著名的场景。山上的森林非常大，能在阳光下，在那里有一个风，声音颤抖，就像大海的声音，它是一个著名的场景。青秀山风景区是在明代形成的，并在2次世界大战的严重破坏，解放后，政府高度重视重建这风景区，重建了龙翔宝塔、天池等，同时，建立了一些新的旅游景点。
Nanhu Lake Park is located in the southeast of Nanning City and features aquatic sceneries(水上景观) and subtropical gardening landscapes.It covers an area of 1.3 square kilometers (about 0.5 square miles) and a quarter of the whole park is covered by the lake.Nanhu Lake is an ideal place to entertain yourself.In the park, you can fully appreciate the views of various plants, such as Pinang(槟榔树) , Chinese fan palms, and other tropical trees.Nanhu Lake was once a brook connected to a river but during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), a major flood occurred and submerged the surrounding fields and houses, which was how Nanhu Lake was created.In addition, there is a museum set up in 1984 to commemorate two uprisings in history.It was constructed in the Guangxi folk style which is also of tourist value.南湖公园位于东南南宁市和特色水产的风景（水上景观）和亚热带园林景观。它占地1.3平方公里（0.5平方英里），一季度全园覆盖的湖。南湖是娱乐自己的一个理想的地方。在公园里，你可以充分了解各种植物的看法，如槟榔（槟榔树），中国球迷手掌，和其他热带树木。南湖曾经是一条小溪与河流却在唐代（公元618-907年），发生了大洪水，淹没了周围的田地和房屋，这是多么的南湖被创造出来的。另外，有一个博物馆在1984成立，纪念历史上的两起义。它是在广西的民俗风格，也是旅游价值。
Guangxi Ethnic Relics Center, occupying an area of 24,000 square meters (about 28,704 yards), is an outdoor exhibition center that combined with knowledge and entertainment.It features relics, folk buildings, ethnic flavor, and folk customs of four minorities, Zhuang, Dong, Yao, and Miao.Upon entering the central gate, one will see a huge timbal(巨鼓) which is a wonderful achievement of the bronze culture(青铜文化) in ancient China, with a history of more than 2,700 years.There are more than 320 timbals in the centre, among which the Yunleiwen Timbal(云雷纹鼓) is the largest in the world.It weighs around 300 kilograms (about 661 pounds), with a diameter of 165 centimeters (about 65 inches) and stands 67.5 centimeters (about 26.5 inches) in height.Typical buildings of several minorities can be seen here, such as dwelling houses of Zhuang people, bamboo buildings of the Yao‘s(瑶族竹楼), houses constructed on water by the Miao people(苗族吊脚楼) and finally, the drum-towers of Dong people(侗族鼓楼).Their daily utensils and handicrafts are also displayed in each respective model house.Various folk performances will be shown during festivals.This is where one can fully appreciate the enchanting and
unique
customs
of
the
minorities
of Guangxi.Accommodation is available to visitors in the centre as well.广西文物中心，占地24000平方米（约28704码），是一个以知识和娱乐相结合的户外展览中心。它的特点是文物、民间建筑、民族风味和民俗风情的四个少数民族、壮族、侗族、瑶、苗。在进入中央门，你将看到一个巨大的铜鼓（巨鼓）是青铜文化的好成绩（青铜文化）在古代的中国，有2700多年的历史。有320多个铜鼓的中心，其中云雷纹铜鼓（云雷纹鼓）是世界上最大的。它重约300公斤（约661磅），一个直径165厘米（约65英寸），身高67.5厘米（约26.5英寸）高。各民族典型的建筑随处可见，如壮族民居，瑶族的竹建筑（瑶族竹楼），建造的房子对水的苗族人（苗族吊脚楼）最后，侗族鼓楼（侗族鼓楼）。他们的日常用品和手工艺品也在每个样板房里展出。各种民间表演将在节日期间显示。这是一个可以充分领略广西少数民族风情的迷人风情的地方，也可以在中心的参观者中提供住宿。
第18篇：汉服英文介绍
Dre culture is introduced
服饰文化介绍
Hanfu clothing is the traditional clothing of the Han Chinese (Han -the predominant ethnic group of China).汉服是中国汉民族传统服饰。
It\'s the significant cultural symbol of Chinese civilization, and it has had a long history for nearly 4000 years since China originally began.
她从中华文明开端时就已经存在，至今已有近4000年的历史。（当然如果你喜欢你可以说成5000）
However, it has been eliminated during the establishment of Qing Dynasty (the Manchu minority ruled dynasty) in about 300 years.The ruling cla of Manchu banned Han Chinese clothing and replaced it with their own costume.This is why today\'s Chinese national costume was widely known as Qipao (Chi-Pao), a Manchu style of clothing.Our effort is to re-promote and advocate Hanfu to the public awarene.
The main feature of Hanfu is wrapping the right side over before the left.There are casual wear and formal wear of it.
汉服的主要特点是交领右衽，包含礼服和常服两种。
For the casual wear such as Shenyi (Shen-Yee): a long full body garment; Ruqun (Zu-Chin): a top garment with a separate lower skirt, etc.Formal garments may include: Xuanduan (Shyan-Duan): a dark robe, this dre is mostly used in sacrificial ceremonies and state occasions; Yuan-Lin Shan: a closed, round collared robe, mostly used for official or academic occasions.
Chinese civilization, also called \"Hua-Xia\" (\"Hwa-Shia\").\"Hua\"(\"Hwa\") means the beauty of the dre & decoration which is Hanfu clothing; \"Xia\"(\"Shia\") is the grandeur of rites and social conduct.
中华文明又被称为“华夏”，华代表服饰之美，夏代表礼仪之大。
Many East Asian national costumes, such as the Japanese Kimono, the Korean Hanbok still share the basic style with Hanfu, as historically these nations were largely influenced by (Han) Chinese culture.东亚许多民族的传统服饰，比如日本的和服、韩国的韩服，都是在汉服的基础上发展而来。 Costume in the Han Dynasty
汉服
China\'s complete code of costume and trappings was established in the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD).The yarn-dyeing, embroidering and metal-proceing technologies developed rapidly in the period, s中国完整的服装服饰制度在汉朝确立的。汉代染织工艺、剌绣工艺和金属工艺发展较快，推动了服装装饰的变化。 purring changes in costume and adornments.汉时劳动女子总是上穿短襦，下穿长裙，膝上装饰长长垂下的腰带。劳动男子常服是上身穿襦，下身穿犊鼻裤，并在衣外围罩布裙；这种装束不分工奴、农奴、商贾、士人都一样。
The costume code of the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD) followed the one established in the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people in black had to wear purple silk adornments to match their clothes.People usually wore costume with a long hat at grand ceremonies offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors.The dre of the queen in these ceremonies consisted of dark-purple frock and black trousers.The silk dre of the queen consisted of cyan frock and buff trousers.西汉建立时基本上沿用秦朝的服制。东汉时期穿黑色衣服必配紫色丝织的装饰物。祭祀大典上通用的是“长冠服”。皇后的祭祀服是：上衣用绀色，下裳用皂色。皇后的蚕服，上衣用青色，下裳用缥色（浅黄色）。汉文帝当政时比较俭朴，自己穿黑色丝织衣、皮鞋。一般官员要穿禅衣，又名“祗服”。
The Western Han Dynasty implemented the Shenyi (long coat) system, which featured a cicada-shaped hat, red clothes and \"田\"-shaped collar.In addition, people of that time wore jade articles and red shoes.The frock and skirt were sewn together in the Shenyi system.Underpants for memorial ceremonies were decorated with black brims, and those for court dre in feudal China were decorated with red brims.All the garments were collectively called as Chanyi (unlined garment).在西汉时期二百年之中，服饰实行“深衣制”，它的特点是象蝉一样的头冠（帽子）、红色的衣服、象田字状的领子、戴玉、红色的鞋。深衣形制是上衣下裳相连接缝在一起，做祭服的中衣，要缘黑色边，作为朝服的中衣，需缘红色边，当时男女服用极为普遍。服饰总称“禅衣”。禅衣是单层的外衣。禅衣里面有中衣、深衣，其形与禅衣无大区别，只是袖形有变化，都属于单层布帛衣裳。官员在上朝时都要穿黑色禅衣。 Costumes in the Han Dynasty fell into two categories according to Yijin (one or two pieces making up the front of a Chinese jacket or grown).There were two types of garments: the curving-front unlined garment with buttons deviously down from the collar to the axilla; the straight-front unlined garment with buttons were straightly down from the collar to the lower part.Curving-front garment originated from the Shenyi (long coat) prevalent in the Warring States Period, and was still in use in the Han Dynasty.But few people wore the Shenyi garments during the Eastern Han Dynasty.汉衣款式以衣襟分类，可以划分两种：一为“曲裾禅衣”，即开襟是从领曲斜至腋下；一为直裾禅衣，是开襟从领向下垂直，此种禅衣又称“
”。曲裾，即为战国时期流行的深衣。汉代仍然沿用，到东汉，男子穿深衣的已经不多了，一般为直裾衣，但并不能作为正式礼服。这种服式既长又宽，从款式上官民服用基本没有差别，但从原料和颜色上，却可明显显示等级的不同。
There were specific stipulations on colors of court garments in the Han Dynasty.Officers must wear garments according to the five time periods, i.e.cyan garments in the spring, red in the first two months of the summer, yellow in the last month of the summer, white in the autumn and black in the winter.汉代朝服的服色有具体规定，一年四季按五时着服，即春季用青色；夏季用红色；季夏用黄色；秋季用白色；冬季用黑色。
Costumes of the Han Dynasty had 7 features: 汉代着衣有七个特点：
1.Wearers must expose underpants\' collar form , as the collar was big and curving ;
1、穿外衣时，由于领大而且弯曲，穿衣时必需暴露中衣的领型；2.Clothes must use white cloth as lining;
2、穿衣必用白色面料做里；
3.The width of sleeve was 0.4 meters;
3、袖宽为一尺二寸；4.The blouse had no sleeve;
4、衫无袖；
5.Wearers of fur clothes should have the fur facing outside;
5、穿皮毛服装时裘毛朝外；
6.Waistband was very exquisite.Belt hook was made of gold in various lively and interesting animal figures;
6、腰带极为考究，所用带钩以金制成各种兽形，如螳螂形或琵琶形。形象十分生动有趣。一般长度在一寸半至六寸之间，是衣裳中间显要的装饰物。汉带钩从形、色和工艺上都达到了极高的水平，较比西周和战国时期，在设计和制作方面都要精美得多。因此颇受男人们的喜爱，佩戴者很多；
7.The male kept the habitude of wearing walking sabres without blades for decoration only.
7、男子保持佩刀习俗，但所佩之刀有形无刃，因此失去了实际价值，主要是显示仪容。Female laborers of the Han Dynasty always wore short jackets and long skirts, and their knees were always decorated with long hanging waistbands.dreing style at that time.
汉代祭服延用“大 制度”，遵从古礼穿冕服佩绶、佩玉。皇帝、公卿、诸侯均用大 ，只是在所系玉石的串珠或丝绳的质地上加以区别。皇太后、太后、公卿夫人等的祭服(谒庙服)、亲蚕服、朝见服和婚礼服的形式都采用深衣制。
Male laborers often wore jackets and calf-nose trousers with aprons around the garments.Farmers, workers, businemen and scholars were all in the same 汉时劳动女子总是上穿短襦，下穿长裙，膝上装饰长长垂下的腰带。劳动男子常服是上身穿襦，下身穿犊鼻裤，并在衣外围罩布裙；这种装束不分工奴、农奴、商贾、士人都一样。
Clothing is the spirit of the age, ethnic 服饰是时代精神，民族的反映
第19篇：hollywood英文介绍
好莱坞位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州洛杉矶郊外的好莱坞，这是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。最早是由摄影师寻找外景地所发现的，大约在20世纪初，这里便吸引了许多拍摄者，而后是一些为了逃避专利公司控制的小公司和独立制片商们纷纷涌来，逐渐形成了一个电影中心。在第一次世界大战之前以及之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们为美国赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业，好莱坞电影城迅速兴起，恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济飞速发展的需要，电影也进一步纳入经济机制，成为谋取利润的一部分。资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国电影市场在世界上的倾销，洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代名词。
Hollywood is located in the outskirts of Los Angeles, California, United States West Coast, this is a yard, a scenic place.Was first found by photographers looking for a location to about the beginning of the 20th century, where they attracted a lot of photographers, and then coming in order to evade(逃避) the patent（专利） control of small companies and independent producers（独立制片商） who have gradually formed a film center.Within a period of time before and after the First World War, Griffith and Chaplin film masters for the United States won the World Emeritus（世界名誉）, Wall Street\'s big financial groups to intervene（插手） in the film industry, the rapid rise of Hollywood City, precisely adapted the United States in this period of rapid economic development needs, movies and further into economic mechanism（机制） has become a part of making a profit.Strong capital increase in the production of film, to ensure that the dumping（倾销） of the American film market in the world, the small village eventually became a huge film city on the outskirts of Los Angeles, Hollywood also has virtually become（在无形中成为） synonymous（代名词） with the American movie.
1853年，当时的好莱坞只有一栋房子。到1870年，这里已成为一片兴旺的农田。1886年，房地产商哈维·威尔考克斯在洛杉矶郊区买下了一块了0.6平方公里的地。韦尔考克斯的夫人一次旅行时听到她旁边的一个人说她来自俄亥俄州的一个叫做好莱坞的地方，她很喜欢这个名字，回到加州后，她将苏格兰运来的大批冬青树栽在这里，将她丈夫的农庄改称为“好莱坞”，于是有了好莱坞这个名字。在英语中这个词是冬青树林的意思。
In 1853, Hollywood was only one house.1870, has become a thriving farmland.1886 Harvey Wilcox, real estate agents in suburban Los Angeles to buy a piece of 0.6 square kilometers of land.Mrs.Wilcox a trip to hear a man next to her said she was from Ohio, a place called Hollywood, and she liked the name, returned to California, her Scottish shipped a large number of holly tree planted here, her husband\'s farm was renamed the \"Hollywood\", so with a Hollywood name.In English the word means holly woods.威尔考克斯计划在这里建造一座小城，1887年2月1日他在地区政府正式注册此名。在他夫人的帮助下他得以铺设了今天的好莱坞大街做为城市的主街，在这条大街和其它大街的两旁种了胡椒树并开始出售产权。他的夫人募资建了两座教堂、一座学校和一座图书馆。为了使好莱坞名符其实，他们还进口了一些英国冬青，但这些植物在加州的气候下没有存活很久。
Mrs.Wilcox plans to built a small city, on February 1, 1887, he officially register this name in regional government.With the help of his wife, he was able to lay a Hollywood Street today as the city\'s main street, along both sides of the street and other streets have planted pepper trees and began to sell property.His wife raise built two churches, a school and a library.In order to make worthy of Hollywood, they have also imported some United Kingdom Holly, but plants in California\'s climate does not survive very long.到1900年，好莱坞已经有一间邮局、一家报社、一座旅馆和两个市场，其居民数为500人。10万人的洛杉矶位于市东11公里处。在好莱坞和洛杉矶间只有一条单轨的有轨电车。1902年，今天著名的好莱坞酒店的第一部分开业。1903年，此地升格为市，参加投票的177位有选举权的居民一致赞同以“好莱坞”为之命名。当年下的两条命令是：除药店外其他商店禁酒，及不准在街上驱赶数量多于200的牛群。1904年，一条新的被称为好莱坞大街的有轨电车开业，使好莱坞与洛杉矶间的往返时间大大缩短。1910年，好莱坞的居民投票决定加入洛杉矶。原因是这样他们可以通过洛杉矶取得足够的饮水和获得排水设施。
By 1900, Hollywood has a post office, a newspaper, a hotel and two markets, the number of its inhabitants is 500.10 million people in the City, East Los Angeles is located at 11 km.Between Hollywood and Los Angeles only a monorail tram.1902, today opened the first part of the famous Hollywood Hotel.1903, upgraded to a city in the land, 177 voting residents the right to vote unanimously endorsed the name \"Hollywood\" whom.Year under two commands: In addition to other shops outside the drugstore temperance, and the expulsion of more than 200 the number of cattle are not allowed on the street.In 1904, the opening of a new called Hollywood Avenue streetcar, greatly reducing the round-trip time between Hollywood and Los Angeles.In 1910, Hollywood residents voted to join the Los Angeles.The reason is so that they can obtain enough water through Los Angeles and drainage facilities.好莱坞不仅是全球时尚的发源地，也是全球音乐电影产业的中心地带，拥有着世界顶级的娱乐产业和奢侈品牌，引领并代表着全球时尚的最高水平，比如梦工厂、迪士尼、20世纪福克斯、哥伦比亚公司、索尼公司、环球公司、WB（华纳兄弟）等等这些电影巨头，还有像RCA JⅣE Interscope Records这样的顶级唱片公司都汇集在好莱坞的范畴之内，这里的时尚与科技互相牵制发展，自然是不造作的，拥有着深厚的时尚底蕴和雄壮的科技做支持，一直被全球各地争相模仿
Hollywood is not only the birthplace of the global fashion, but also the heart of the global music movie industry, has the world\'s top entertainment industry and luxury brands, to lead and represent the highest level of global fashion, such as DreamWorks, Disney, 20th Century Fox, Columbiathe film giant company, Sony, Universal, WB (Warner Brothers), and so on, as well as top record companies like the RCA J Ⅳ E Interscope Records this are brought together within the context of Hollywood, fashion contain each other and Technology development, naturalis not pretentious, and has a rich fashion heritage and majestic Technology support, has been imitated around the world.好莱坞最重要的景点之一就是位于好莱坞大道上的中国戏院，以知名明星的手印、脚印吸引各国游客到此一睹明星足迹。当然，更著名的就是好莱坞星光大道，这是条沿着美国好莱坞与藤街伸展的人行道，上面有2000多颗镶有好莱坞商会追敬名人姓名的星形奖章，以纪念他们对娱乐工业的贡献。
One of the most important attractions in Hollywood is located in the Chinese Theater on Hollywood Boulevard, a well-known star handprints, footprints to attract tourists to this country to meet the stars footprint.Of course, the famous Hollywood Walk of Fame, which is a stretch of sidewalk along the American Hollywood and Vine Street, above star medal over 2000 pieces inlaid with the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce chasing King celebrity name to honor their contribution to the entertainment industry.
最值得一提的是好莱坞大标志，它一个字的高度就达13.7米，是洛杉矶有名的建筑物，我们经常在电影电视上看到它的身影。
了解了这些关于好莱坞的资料，相信大家也和我一样想亲眼目睹一下它的风采。希望我们都有机会观赏到这完美的风景。
Most noteworthy Hollywood logo, a word of it is the height of 13.7 meters, the well-known buildings in Los Angeles, we often see its shadow in Film and Television.
Understand about Hollywood, I believe that we all want to witne its elegance.I hope we have the opportunity to watch the perfect landscape.
That’s all.Thank you.
第20篇：香水英文介绍
Good afternoon, everyone, my name is xxx.I am the general manager of the r&d department.Our Department is mainly responsible for products design and development and includes 50 employees.It occupies a very important position in the company.Besides, our department promotes the efficient functioning of the company by establishing Close contact with other departments.Today I feel very honor to represent our department to introduce our new products to you.
In recent time, we conducted a market research.According to the results, we found that nowadays people often choose Some famous brands such as channel .dior。It is obvious that they all have their own strong points.But recently, based on the different characteristics between men and women，Our company also launched our latest producttrue love miracle’s inspiration comes from the sun shone。Seen from the top of the bottle, its body is very Transparent, which shows age style and taste.The top note contains fresh gra incense and sweet fruit, which gives a person a feeling of pleasure.The middle note has a strong contrast between elegant mulan and unyielding chili.The fundamental key, it has the rose which can expre the Female sensibility to the fullest.
As to the Male perfume - power miracle, it shows a simple, fresh, natural style, which perfectly represent Men\'s hearts of nature and the vast.the fragrant air is very fresh .Its top note is green apple, the middle note is jasmine, and the base note is Vanilla.We believe in that it will be favored by male consumers.
In addition to the above mentioned, because Christmas is coming, we also plan to introduce the limited edition in order to memorize the festival, whose packaging is shown in the following figure: Seeing from the outward appearance, we choose red as the main color, which can cater to the festive atmosphere to a certain degree.Moreover, we Change the shape of the bottle to round.By doing this, our new product will looks more special and attract customers to center on it.In a word, we put a lot of effort in the design and packaging of new products.And we believe that our effort will not be wasted.
