推荐第1篇：英语说明文
说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。一般说来，知识简介，商品介绍，旅游指南，科技读物，工作总结，实验报告，教材辅导等均属说明文之列。
写说明文，可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写，也可以采取举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、说明、叙述等方法。
1.比较对照
比较对照有两种，一是逐点比较，二是整块比较，即AB交错或先A后B：
1）逐点比较：多数人认为这种AB交错的方式可以避免行文的单调沉闷，对比的效果更鲜明突出。如：
There are basic differences between large and small enterprises.In a small enterprise, you operated mainly through personal contacts.In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” , “channels” of organization, and fairly strict procedure.In the small enterprise you have immediate effectivene in a very small area.You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions ground.In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly.In the small one the danger is of becoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none.In the large it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about le and le.
2) 整块比较
It is easy to be a winner.A winner can show his joy publicly.He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory.People love to be with winners.Winners are never lonely.Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world.It is difficult to face defeat with dignity.Losers can not show their disappointment publicly.They can not cry or grieve about their defeat.They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public.They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadne.
2.分类
分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一，也是描写事物、解释观点最有效的方式之一。通过将一事物分类，可使复杂事物变得清晰明了，便于作者阐述自己的观点。
分类段落的各类排列要条理，可采用从主要到次要，从次要到主要，从多到少或从少到多等方式排列，亦可平行排列。如：
1） As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories.First are the conservative people.Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes.Second are the liberal people.These people are in favor of progre and reform.But their opinions often seem to idealistic.The third type is the moderate people.The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits.They are more practical in this hard world.In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段采用平行排列的方式，按人的政治观点分为三类：保守、自由和温和。
2) These are several reasons why I decided tom attend Bingston University .First of all, the tuition is reasonable.Secondly, the university has a deferred payment plan., which leons the load of peasant families like mine.Another reason is that Bingston has the finest teachers in its graduate program.My chief reason, however, is Bingston’s program in agriculture, my chosen field, which is recognized as the leader in this area.
该段采用主次排列的方式，分析了作者决定上Bingston大学的原因。
3) According to Mr.Li, the fifteen students of his cLASS fall into three groups.Seven of them work hard and study well.They always get good marks in examinations and are often praised by
the teachers.Li calls them “good students”.The monitor, the secretary of the Youth League, and the captain of the cLASS volleyball team, are quick in finding out what their fellow students are interested in or what they should do as a collective.They always organize proper activities at the proper time.So Li calls them “good organizers”.Four other students are very kind to their cLASSmates, always ready to lend them a helping hand.They help to clean the cLASSroom and the corridor even when they are not on duty.Li says that they are “ good comrades”.“What about yourself?” someone asks him.“I’m a group by my self ——a good observer”.
该段不同于以上两段，不是先分类再解释，而是先说明其特点，然后定义分类。虽分类并不科学，却达到了其幽默之目的。
3.特征
例证指具体说明人或事物特点、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子需有代表性、典型性。例证型段落的写作方式多为先提出主题再列举事例。在事例之前一般有For example或For instance。例证后面，根据情况还可以加上结论句。如：
In order to prevent non-smokers from being affected, measures must be taken to reduce the chances of smoking.A lot of work can be done concerning this.For example, in some public places, such as in the theatres and cinemas, smoking should be forbidden.Even on the train or plane people should not be allowed to smoke.Doctors, teachers and government leaders should take the lead not to smoke.Above all, the harmfulne and dangers caused by smoking should be made known to all through newspapers, broadcast, or TV programs.Also the growing of tobacco and the production of cigarettes should not be encouraged.If these measures can be taken, we can effectively reduce the chances of smoking.
4 因果
因果是两个事物之间的关系。一些说明文，议论文通过分析因果关系说明一个中心思想。如不能把因果关系解释清楚，文章将无法说明任何主题。
因果型段落的扩展模式有两种，一是分类编法，另一个是连环编排法。如果只讨论成因或只讨论结果，细节比较简单，只需按其重要性或其逻辑顺序进行编排。分类编排法指先讨论原因，然后讨论结果；或先讨论结果，后讨论原因。
1）分类编排法：
Music is my chief hobby.When I listen to music, good things happen to me.If I am lonely or homesick, I listen to pop music.The quick rhythm, the strong beats of drums lift my sprits.If I am familiar with a song, I will sing alone with it and my depreion disappears.When I am bored or very tired, I listen to Mozart.His music makes me feel alive.Music also reminds me of home.Before I came to college, my sisters and I would listen to music and sing songs together and cheer us.Now I enjoy listening to music and singing with my roommates because their smiles make me remember the happy times with my family.For me, music is an excellent escape, and without it, I wouldn’t be so happy。
2) 连环编排法是先讨论一组因果，再一组因果，再一组因果，形成一个锁链。当因果紧密相连，前一果为后一果之因时，经常使用这种方式。
Students shouldn’t stay up so late.Because of the preure of examinations, many students burn night candles.The next day, they have to get enough sleep.As a result, many of them get sleepy in ClASs.They couldn’t catch what the teacher says.Not having studied their leons well, they find it difficult to make good performance in examinations.So, it is not worthwhile to stay up late if you want to study well.
5.人物描写
人物描写包括外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等，用于表现人物精神面貌、披露人物内心活动、揭示人物性格变化，借以突出作品主题思想。如：
My sister is a boyish girl.She has short and straight hair like a boy’s.She likes white, black and grey colors, as most boys do.She never cares for shirts, stockings but loves jackets and jeans.Sometimes she wears a men’s suit and leather shores as if she were a gentleman.Basketball and football are her favorite sports.She also enjoys watching boxing.She always shouts and cheers excitedly when she is watching a football match.When she is with her friends, she always says Ladies first” to other girls.The most interesting thing is that she has been mistaken for a boy many times.And she is pleased with that.She always says that she should be a boy.
第一句作者明确表示他眼中的妹妹是个男孩子气十足的小姑娘。这样读者大都会在心中勾画出一种从长相、穿着到言谈举止都特男孩化的女孩。下文作者正是通过穿着、外貌和性格等方面向读者展现一个活生生的人物形象。
6.地点描写
地点描写指用生动形象的语言对某一地点、某一环境进行具体逼真的描绘，使读者如临其境、如睹其物。地点描写的对象可大可小，在可以为城市、国家，小可是一间教室，一个房间。 地点描写自然按空间顺序排列，作者应立足于一个出发点，由远及近，由近到远，从里到外，从外到里，由左到右，或由右到左进行描写，顺序不可混乱，否则读者会迷失方向。如下面一段作者从大门开始，由外向里逐步介绍学校的布置，读者如同跟着作者参观了一所校园。 Now I will show you around our school.It is one of the largest middle schools in the city.When you step into the gate, you will see a beautiful flower bed before you.In the middle of the flower bed there is a fountain with many colored flowers around it.If you walk along the school road, you will come to the playground, on each side of which are rows of trees.We often read books under the trees.On the right of the playground are two ClASsroom buildings.On the left is the newly-built four-storyed building.I’m lucky to study here.I love my school very much.
7.物体描写
描写物体时应侧重物的形状、规格大小、颜色和功能。任何一段文字都应有叙述的中心，对物的描写也不例外。同样，主题句也应反映出作者对所要描写物体的看法、态度。如： The first thing I notice in the bride’s room is the beautiful curtain.This curtain is patchwork in design, and is sewn out of squares of materials of different colors like white, light green, brown and orange.It is made of silk, trimmed with delicate braids.It is about six feet long and hangs from a wooden rail.The curtain matches perfectly with the dark wooden rail and furniture in the room.
通过主题句可以看出作者想向读者描写的是一幅漂亮的窗帘。
推荐第2篇：英语说明文
这一类文章的性质和目的是在解释，提供知识，和表明观念；“exposition”这个字的意思就是“explanation”(解释)，既然如此，这类文章最大的要求是清晰；作者可以使用任何方法和技巧，以期能达到清晰明确的境地。
依一般分类，说明文有下列六种：
(1)定义法(Definition)
(2)例说法(Example)
(3)分类法(Claification)
(4)分析法(Analysis)
(5)类比法(Analogy)
(6)比较法或对比法(Comparison Or Contrast)
[注]说明文中亦可穿插以描写文与叙述文的写作方法。
说明文是写作最常用到的体裁，其最常用的方法就是将事物加以解说。例如，说明事物的过程，说明事物的因果，说明事物的状态等等。对人物来说，说明该人物的处境，说明该人物的想法，说明该人物的背景等等。如果要将描述文与说明文作一严格区分的话，那就是描述文重官能的观察与感受，而说明文重头脑的分析与理性的研判。对事物的体验是一同事，而对事物的彻底了解又是另一同事。体验是官能的，而了解却是观念上的问题。闻到花是香的，乃是官能上的，而花为什么是香的，却是知识性的观念上的问题。前者是描述文的范围，后者则是说明文的范围。
知识性的东西我们可从百科全书，字典辞源，各科手册，以及语言的文法修辞等书籍来获得。但这些仅是资料而已，要将资料变成一篇文章还需要文字的组织能力。我们可以这样说，说明文是一种实用的写作方法，将人类的知识系统化，这可以说是一种其功至伟的写作方法。
说明文最简单的方法就是例证法：将详细资料表列，一一举证，以说明什么是什么，怎样发生，结果怎样。另外两种较复杂的说明文是分析法与定义法：其方法必用到归类法与等级法。例如，要说明一件机器的操作，就必须把这件机器加以归类，引述其功能目的。又如，要了解一条鲸鱼，首先要将其归为哺乳类，因为它是胎生动物而非卵生鱼类。而后再进而分析鲸鱼中许多不同的类别。定义法以研究其事物的必然性为主，不涉及其他。
说明文中当有比较法与对照法，必须用此类方法的原因，乃是有些抽象事物无法具体归类，于是只好用类例来此较对照之；即以类例说出与其相关的概念，使读者容易接受其概念。
Dreams
Men have always been interested in their dreams.In superstitious (2) ages and countries, dreams were regarded very seriously.Every dream was supposed to have a meaning, and it was the busine of priests and astrologers(3) to interpret people\'s dreams for them.They were generally looked upon as predictions of the future warnings of coming dangers or sorrows, or prophecies of coming good fortune.Dreams were believed to be supernatural communications from the gods, or the spirits of the dead, and so were divine revelations.
Educated people no longer look on dreams in this way.Some laugh at them as mere illusions, and not worthy of any serious consideration; but others find them interesting for psychological(4) study.For one thing, dreams prove that in the sleep we are not completely unconscious.Part of our brain is awake and working.We are unconscious of our immediate surroundings in sleep.We see nothing, we hear no-thing, and know nothing of what is going on around ns.Yet the fact that we dream proves we are not completely unconscious.
It is often interesting to try to discover the cause of dreams.The causes of some dreams are purely physical.A heavy supper which causes indigestion, will give us nightmare, particularly horrible and terrifying kind of dream.Some one knocking at our door may make us dream we are on the battlefield and deafened with the thunder of guns.One man dreamt he was walking near the crater of a volcano and his feet were burnt with the hot rocks; but when he woke up, he found his feet were preed upon his hot-water bottle!
Most dreams are really confused and disjointed memories of past events in our lives.We can often trace a dream back, and find it was suggested by something we saw or heard or read about only a day or two before.For example, a lawyer, who had been thinking over a case late at night, dreamt when he went to bed of nothing but lizards.When he came to his study in the morning, he found that, while he was thinking out his case, he had been staring unconsciously at his clock, the case of which was decorated with (5) the bronze image of a lizard.
Dreams refer to the past, not the future.And they are not supernatural, but only the confused workings of our own imaginations.
语汇说明
(1)Dreams(梦)：这篇说梦的文章是从四个方面来加以述说：(A)梦曾被认为是预卜未来的超自然表现； (B)梦证明我们睡着了的时候并非全然没有知觉； (C)有些梦是因生理上的原因而引起的； (D)大部份的梦是过去事件的杂乱记忆。
(2)superstitious：迷信的
(3)astrologers：占星家；星象家
(4)Psychological：心理上的；心理学上的
(5)be decorated with：饰以…；装饰着...
推荐第3篇：英语作文说明文
英语作文说明文
说明文类
写作指导
说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下：
第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；
第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；
第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。
常用词有：
①表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later,before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then
②表示顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next
③表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of
④表示结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately
⑤表示强调： above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most⑥表示并列： and, also, as well as, and then
⑦表示递进： besides, what\'s more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse
⑧表示解释和说明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not,to tell you the truth,according this, for this reason
⑨表示比较、对比： just like, just as, in the same way, more or le, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand
⑩表示总结： finally, in conclusion, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end需要注意的是：使用上述过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭。
精选范文
以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇议论文。请围绕以下几点来写：
①早起与健康；
②早起与学习；
③早起与一天的活动。
(字数80～120，要求自拟标题)
Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit
Getting up early is a good habit.It is very important to our health, our study, our life and so on.First, getting up early helps to keep us strong.We can do morning exercises in the open air in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies.Second, getting up early helps us to memorize what we have learned in cla by reading aloud in the morning.Third, getting up early can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day.If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good.
练习
①某国际性英语刊物有一个介绍各国风俗习惯的专栏，请为该专栏写一篇短文，简单介绍中国的农历新年(春节)。请包括以下要点：
a．春节是中国人的重要节日；
b．春节在哪一天(农历：the lunar calendar)；
c．除夕一家人吃团圆饭(have a…feast)；
d．守岁爆竹迎新年(爆竹 firecracker)；
e．大年初一亲朋好友拜年(exchange…greetings)；
f．孩子们的压岁钱(lucky money)；
g．狮子舞及其他节目(lion dances and others performances)，是节日不可少的活动内容，要延续三天。 (字数80～120)
②年末将至，某英文报纸开办“99回顾”专栏，就一年中的10件大事做总结性报道。报社请你对夏季的特大洪灾进行简要评述(第一句已给出)。
性质
a．本世纪最严重的一次；
b．损失严重(举例：农田、房屋、灾民)。
原因
a．连月降雨；
b．滥伐林木，水土流失；
c．围湖造田，堵塞河道(waterway)。
防范措施
a．保护沿河植被；
b．改建堤坝；
c．退田还湖。
难点说明：
用词达意：损失严重，围湖造田，退田还湖。
时态变化：以一般过去时和现在完成时为主，考虑到实际情况，还应使用过去完成时。
句子结构：注意句子结构的完整、主语的选择、被动语态的使用和举例部分的完整表达。
文章组织：分三段写，注意每段主题句的选择。
参考词语
引起损失cause loes
无家可归become homele
围湖造田turn lakes into fields
③根据以下提示写一篇有关交通事故的报道。
(字数：90～100)。
提示：
a．时间：昨天；
b．地点：市中心大街第二个拐角处；
c．原因：卡车司机开车前饮酒，开车时头晕，车失控撞翻一小汽车；
d．伤亡人数：5人死亡，部分人受伤；
e．影响：市区交通中断3小时；
f．经济损失：200万元；
g．市政府告诫司机要从事故中吸取教训。
参考词语
头晕dizzy
经济损失economic loes
市中心downtown
中断交通to delay all traffic
饮酒过多to have too much wine
吸取教训to learn a leon from…
④几位外国旅游者到公园“英语角”参观。假定你是“英语角”的负责人，请用一篇英语文章介绍，内容提示如下：
a．简况：4年前成立，许多中学生参加，至今已有几百人。许多大学生和外国友人也常光顾；
b．活动时间：每星期日上午；
c．活动内容：练习英语会话、谈论有兴趣的话题、交流学习英语的经验；
d．效果：通过参加活动学习了许多东西，对英语课是一个补充，学生、家长、老师都非常欢迎，认为对学英语很有帮助。如果还想了解得更多，可问在场的学生。
参考词语
对……补充a supplement to…
聚集to gather around
交流to exchange
活动activity
受欢迎to be popular with
⑤有些外国人想了解中国的教育制度。请你用英语写一篇简介，以便刊登在某英文报上。内容要点如下： a．7岁上小学(primary school)，学6年。
b．然后直接上初中(junior middle school)，学完3年，就完成了9年义务(compulsory)教育。
c．通过(pa)考试后，部分初中毕业生(graduates)上高中(senior middle school)，读 3年。部分学生进职业(profeional)学校，被培养成熟练(skilled)工人。
d．高中毕业后，考生通过全国性的考试就成为大学生。大学通常学4年，毕业后，可获得学士学位(bachelor\'s degree)。制度：(system)。字数为(80～120)
注意：
a．简介要有标题；
b．简介应包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。注意时态及语态；
⑥写一篇题为“Give up Smoking”约120字的短文。
提要：
a．不少学生吸烟，而且人数还在增加；
b．据调查，某校2／5以上学生吸烟，有的学生还偷钱买烟；
c．学生吸烟危害比成人更大，它不仅有害于身体，而且有害于心灵；
d．中学生是国家未来的建设者，吸烟者应下决心戒烟。
注意：
a．要有标题；
b．不要逐条翻译。
参考词语
调查investigation
建设者builder
有害to be harmful to
⑦根据下列提示写一篇名为“Development of Agriculture in China”的短文。
a．中国是一个拥有12亿人口的大国；
b．在过去的20年间，中国发生了巨大的变化，尤其在农业方面；
c．中国仅有世界7％的土地，却成功地养活了世界 22％的人口；
d．其耕地的灌溉面积是世界上最大的。种植了世界 1／3的水稻。渔业也非常重要，淡水鱼随处可见； e．废弃的蔬菜被用来养猪、养鸡；人和动物的粪便产生的气体被用来供热和做饭；
f．如果世界上其他地方也像中国一样具有公平的土地所有权，就不会再有饥饿。(字数：100左右) 注意：
要有标题。
参考词语
养活人口feed…of the world\'s population
灌溉面积irrigated area
具有公平的土地所有权
have fair ownership of land
饥饿starvation
耕地farming land
废弃的蔬莱vegetable waste
粪便waste
⑧某国教育代表团前来你校参观，顺便问及“希望工程”，请你简单介绍一下。(字数：100左右)
提示：
a．1989年10月“希望工程”在全国启动，目的是救助贫困地区儿童上学。
b．从政府官员、企业家到普通百姓都积极捐款。从1989年到1997年底的8年间，共筹款12.57亿元；资助184.7万失学儿童；兴建5256所希望小学；对数百名希望小学的教师进行了培训。
c．希望工程还将继续改善贫困地区的办学条件，促进中国教育的发展。
难点说明：
用词达意：“积极捐款、希望小学、办学条件”，数字的表达。
时态变化：所选的时间表达方式不同，时态也不同。
句子结构：注意被动语态、同位语和定语的使用。
文章组织：分两段即可，第一段写提示a的内容，第二段写提示b和c的内容。
参考词语
目的是to aim to do
积极干……to be active in…
帮助……回到校园to help…back to school
促进to promote
⑨请根据提示，以“为什么学英语”为题，写一篇英语说明文。
提示：
a．英语是国际性语言，世界上有许多国家把它当做官方语言。
b．学习英语的重要性。如它是国际会议的工作语言；许多书籍为英语版；懂得英语可加强对世界的了解。 c．希望大家重视英语学习。
参考词语
a．官方语言official language
b．与……交流to communicate with…
⑩请你以“水污染”(Water Pollution)为题写一篇说明文。必须写明：
a．水的重要性；
b．随着工农业的发展，水源受到污染，以至不能饮用；
c．采取措施，保护环境。
参考词语
水源water source
环境environement
采取措施 to take up measures
(11)请你以“遵守交通规则”为题写一篇说明文。现在交通事故很多，以至于都怕过大马路，汽车、摩托车开得太快，总是有人闯红灯。为了安全，遵守交通规则很重要。(字数：80左右)
参考词语
走人行道to use the crowalk
闯红灯to speed past the red light
注意：
题目已给出ObeyingtheTrafficLaws
(12)以“The Value of Time”为题目写一篇短文。该短文有四个小段。第一段是引言，提出时间比金钱更宝贵，我们必须珍惜时间这个论题。第二段是扩展段，说明时间是有限的，作为学生更应该充分利用时间，将来为国家服务。第三段也是扩展段，指出有些人还没有认识到时间的价值。第四段是结论段，指出我们必须有一个节约时间的好习惯。
参考词语
宝贵的precious
珍惜value (v．)
充分利用to make full use of
养成习惯to form a habit of
(13)下星期一的一堂英语课，分组讨论关于考试问题，请你写一篇英语发言稿，内容大致如下：
有人说不错，考试会帮助我们及时复习功课，考试之后又能使我们了解学得如何。但是你认为目前考试太多，又很难考及格，使我们对学习失去了兴趣，也没有时间参加体育活动，我们的健康受到了损害。是到了改进考试的时候了。(字数：80～120)
参考词语
复习to go over
考试to have examinations
考及格to get through
参加to go in for
该干……了It\'s time to do sth.
(14)写一张化学实验室的规则。
要点：
四要：
保持卫生和整洁；
按老师要求做；
做后器皿放回原处；
出实验室前先要洗手，关灯、关门。
三不要：
没有老师带领勿入内；
未经允许勿动一切；
实验时勿喧哗。
1999．7．2
(15)请你用英语写一篇有关计算机的短文。提示如下：
a．计算机是一种精细微妙的机器。它有多种类型，大多数计算机都有储存器，信息可以储存，需用时，随时取出；
b．计算机经过几百年的变化，体积越来越小，价格越来越低，操作越来越容易，工作速度越来越快； c．计算机可以应用在许多方面，它们确实已成为一种最流行的使用工具。(字数：130左右)
参考词语
储存to store in
取出to take out
(16)一日，你校外籍教师问你：“军训”是什么意思，为什么中学生在三年的高中学习中参加一至二星期“军训”，请按提示回答。
a．中学生在军营生活一两个星期，不仅仅是为了学习一些军事术语和技术。
b．军训对学生特别是对独生子女训练性格有利。在军营，当他们被当做真正的军人对待时，他们会成熟起来。
c．在学校，他们学习了一些关于无私、勇敢和守纪律的好品质的教育，但从书本上学到的东西没有从亲身体验中学到的对品质影响深刻。通过军训，他们更加认识到这一点。(字数：100左右)
参考词语
军训military training
兵营camp
成熟的mature
独生子女家庭one-child family
宠坏spoil
宠坏的孩子a spoiled child
军事术语military terms
(17)写一篇说明“乘火车旅行比乘飞机好”的文章。题目自己拟定。
提示：
a．坐火车更实惠；
b．更好观光；
c．坐火车旅行更安全。
参考词语
买得起to afford
观光to get a view
推荐第4篇：英语说明文作文题
作文题模版 (提纲式模块)
说明原因型模块（1）
Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that (1).Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that (2).Besides, (3).The third reason is (4).To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, (6).On the other hand,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.
注释：
（1）用具体数据说明XX现象
（2）原因一
（3）原因二
（4）原因三
（5）指出主要原因
（6）解决建议一
（7）解决建议二
范文：Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children\'s unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that (the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes, thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to talk about, they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don\'t spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing (children should respect their parents).On the other hand, (parents also should show solicitude for their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.
说明原因型模块（2）
In recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on (1) The factors for (2) First of all, (3) Then, there comes a case that (4).Moreover, (5).Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected to remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).
范文：The impact of Television
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children).Many parents的are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for (parents\' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.)First of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that (some studies have show that exceive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover, (the effect on children\'s minds are more serious than the effect on children\'s bodies).Especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children\'s TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.
说明原因型模块（3）
Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that.If you, as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that.You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know.It will exert a profound influence upon.With reference to my standpoint, I think.
注释：
1：XX的第一个优点
2：支持XX的做法
3：不支持XX的做法
4：XX的第二个优点
5：举例证明优点二
6：说明XX优点三的影响
范文：The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one\'s abilities).If you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little poibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of one\'s ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).说明原因型模块（4）
For most of us today.
From above, we can find that the reasons why are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is...
Second, the third reason, actually, is...
The significance for ...
Therefore,...
注释：
（1）人们针对XX的态度和举措
（2）归纳现状
（3）第一个原因
（4）第二个原因
（5）第三个原因
（6）重申造成现状的最重要原因
（7）我的建议
范文：Environmental pollution
Most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem.Lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air.Many fish die of poisonous water.Thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas.Therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases
that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.) From above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously) are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is (the reason of harmful substances into environment.for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests.However, they pollute air, water and land).Second, (the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly).The third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world.Everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment).The significance for (controlling pollution) noted that it\'s high time that more effective measures should be taken.Therefore, (new laws should be paed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories.moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste.Let\'s make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).
说明原因型模块（5）
These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4).What is more, since (5), it is natural that (6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as (7).to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
（1）提出论题
（2）说明现状
（3）理由一
（4）理由二
（5）理由三
（6）理由三引起的后果
（7）解决方法
范文：Pollution of environment
These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.)
Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.) For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology).What is more, since (the industrial revolution), it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms.The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment).
To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthy.We should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources) to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
英语四六级写作试题模板—提纲式作文
1、对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？
B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？
C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2、批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B．我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people\'s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3、社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象
B．产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D．如何杜绝（如果是问题的话）
E．前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discuions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will.
大学英语四六级写作试题模板 ---— 辩论式议论文作文是根据英语四六级写作特点，归纳总结的一个能适应新题型的四六级作文模版，具体内容如下：
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, More importantly,
Most important of all,论据3.
In summary,
或 From above, we can predict that预测.
模版2
People hold different views aboutX.Some people are of the opinion that1, while others point out that
For one thing,
For another, .
Last but not the least,
To conclude,总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about .Some people are of the view that 点1, while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.
First of all,1.
Furthermore,
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is,
A natural conclusion from the above discuion is that.
As a college student, I am supposed to .
或 From above, we can predict that预测.
原因分析式
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years .At the point of reaches its peak value of.
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are...() reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all,..Most important of all,.原因).
From the above discuions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if neceary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
推荐第5篇：英语说明文写作
说明文
1.
In recent years, …...（现象表现或变化）.In addition/Besides, ……（进一步阐述现
象）.This phenomenon has aroused hot discuion.
……（总述现象）play a significant role in …（某方面）…….（进一步阐述该现象的原
因）.Therefore, ……（总结现象导致的结果）.However, some people argue that ……（问题1） .In addition, ……（问题2）.
In my opinion, ……（个人观点/态度/ 建议）.Furthermore, ……（补充说明看法 ）.In a
word, ……（总结）.
2.
Nowadays, there exist(s) ……（事实/现象） …….（进一步阐述该现象） .However, the
reasons for ……（现象概括）are varied.
To begin with,……（原因1）.Moreover,……（原因2）.In addition, ……（原因3）.
Finally, …… （原因4）.
As to me/As far as I’m concerned, …… （个人观点）.On the one hand, ……（原因1）.On
the other hand, ……（原因2）.In brief, ……（总结）.
3.
As is well known, …（提出问题）.It is obvious that …（原因1）.Additionally, …（原因
2）.So how to …（解决问题） is worth paying attention to.
First of all/Firstly/In the first place, … （解决方法1）.Secondly/In the second place/In
addition/Moreover, …（解决方法2） .Thirdly/Besides/What’s more, …（解决方法3）. In fact, ways to …（解决问题）are countle.It is neceary/time that …（采取措施解决
问题）.
4.
During recent years, the topic of …（事实/现象）,which has aroused public attention, is
being more and more popular.Undoubtedly/No doubt that…（总述问题的作用/重要性）.On the one hand, …（作用1）.On the other hand, …（作用2）.
However, it should be mentioned that …（分析问题的意义或原因）.…（进一步分析其
意义） .Therefore, it is of high significance/it is high time that …（解决问题）.
In the first place, …（解决方法1）.Furthermore, …（解决方法2）.Only in this way …
（解决问题）.
推荐第6篇：英语说明文及点评
英语说明文及范文点评
【要求】
要求：假设你是一名图书馆的工作人员，请写一篇文章说明文，介绍图书的借阅规则。字数在80100字之间。
【范文】
Something You Must Know
This library is and English Language teaching and learning librany.If you want to borrow some books, you must fill out a library application form and put it in the box on the librarian\'s desk.Because of the large number of applications we receive each week, you must wait oneweek.Please bring yor student or work card to pick up your library card.Library application forms which are not picked up within 2 months will be discarded and you will have to reapply.
【评语】
本文的借书规则表述得比较清晰，注意到了说明文语言的精练准确、通俗易懂的特点。对于高中生而言，这是一篇优秀的应试作文。
There is no indefinite liberty.
【要求】
要求：小程原来英语成绩很差，自从他参加了学校的英语角，成绩有了很大的进步，尤其是听力和口语提高更是迅速。请你代小程写一篇短文，介绍一下英语角的情况。
【范文】
English Corner
English Corner is very useful to learn to communicate in English.Learning a foreign language requires four skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking.The English Corner is a wonderful place to practise both listening and speaking.
English Corner is also a good place to meet new friends.When I went to English Corner last Sunday, I came acro a variety of people, who all had one thing in common; that is they wanted to communicate in English.So the atmosphere was relaxing.
English Corner enlarges our would.As we listen to foreigners talking about their countries and customs, we learn many things that we can\'t learn from books.
【评语】
本文第一段是总领段，点明了English Corner 在英语学习中的地位和作用。紧接着简单介绍了English Corner如何在我们英语学习中发挥作用。全篇文章结构紧凑，语句连贯，无华丽词汇之堆砌，但文章中心却表达的清晰而明确。
Without you ,it would have never been poible.Thank you.
【要求】
请用英语写一篇关于你校的校园平面图（diagram
教师办公室在教学楼三楼。
学校四周是树。
字数：100
【范文】
This is a diagram of our schoolyard.It is four hundred meters long and three hundred meters wide.The school gate faces the south.Our teaching building stands in the middle of our school yard.It is a building of five stories .The teachers\' offices are on the third floor.
There is a garden in front of the teaching building.On the left of the garden is our library.Our lab is on the right of the garden.There is a large playground behind the teaching building.Many trees are planted
around the school-yard.
【评语】
本文按照由外到内、由前往后的顺序进行介绍说明，使文章层次分明，脉胳清晰，说明简短有力。
Brevity is the soul of wit.文以简洁为贵
English Dictionaries
【要求】
English Dictionariepelling）；发音（pronunciation）和意项（meanings）。请你写一短文向别人介绍一本普通的英文字典。
【范文】
English Dictionaries
Most English dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the
language.
There are three important things, spelling, pronunciation and meanings.The first is the spelling of the words.If you are not sure about the
spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a
dictionary.The words are always given in alphabetical order.
The second thing is pronunciation, Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is called phonetic.The third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words,Many
words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain all of the word\'s meanings.
These are some of the important facts that you can learn from dictionaries.
【评语】
本文抓住了英文字典的三个方面的主要内容进行阐述，采用总—分—总的结构方式组织材料，显得结构严谨。文章紧扣字典的主要特点进行说明，显得重点突出，对字典有一清晰的认识。
“barbecue”是日常生活中常见的一种食品，想知道是什么就去查字典吧。
Hans Christian Anderson
【要求】
请根据下列内容和所给单词及词组，用英语写一篇介绍世界著名童话作家安徒生
（Hans Christian Anderson100——120。内容提示：安徒生生于1805年。十一岁丧
父。由于家境贫困，童年时代没能上学，开始跟人学习缝纫。十四岁时到一剧院工作。后来在一些热心的艺术家的帮助下，上了学。1828年接受高等教育，毕业后献身文学（literature）。他写剧本、小说、诗歌等等。他努力创作，获得很大成功。一生共创作160多个故事。1875年去世。
Words and Expreions to Be Used:
world-famousdevote oneself tofairy tales
by the timeadvanced educationlead to
【范文】
Hans Christian Anderson
Hans Christian Anderson was a world-famous writer of fairy tales.He was born in 1805.When he was eleven his father died.His family was then so poor that he could not go to school during his childhood.He learned sewing from a tailor.
At the age of fourteen, he went to work in a theatre.Later helped by some warm-hearted artists, he went to school.In 1828, he began to get advanced education.
After graduation, he devoted himself to literature.He wrote plays, novels, poems and so on.He worked hard at literature.This led to his great
succe.He wrote more than 160 stories in all .He was famous for his funny fairy tales, which became popular all over the world.He died in 1875.
【评语】
本文用词准确，语言流畅，内容符合要求
My favorite program
【要求】
现在随着电视等传播媒介的普及和发展，电视节目的花样越来越多，知识性、娱乐性的侧重也各有不同。请你写一篇文章，介绍一下你最喜欢的节目。
【范文】
My favorite program
Nowadays radios and TVs play a more and more important role in our daily life.There are many programs shown every day.Some of them are very good.My favorite program is called“The Animal World”, which is broadcast by CCTV every Sunday night.
The program provides us with natural scenes, the life of all kinds of wild animals and the wonderful explanation about it.We also acquire some knowledge about animals, even some plants.So in my opinion, it is an
interesting as well as an instructive program.Be sides, the pictures are very beautiful.
It\'s really a great joy to watch it.If you don\'t believe it, Just watch it yourself.
【评语】
这篇文章给我们提供了一种写说明文的一般结构：点明主题——一般介绍——文章主体——概括和归纳结尾。通过这种结构，可使描述脉络清晰，表述自然流畅，不致于发生思路混乱的局面。
你喜欢哪个电视台的什么节目？你也试写一下？
推荐第7篇：英语说明文写作句式
写作的基本句式(上)
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
注：如写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
例如： However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（neceary，difficult，convenient， poible）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it neceary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in busine．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
例如： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
雅思写作的基本句式(下)
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However，that’s not the case．
例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
例如： Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
再如：
From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of le than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，aume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例如： People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to succe．
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of succe at their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
再如：
Do “lucky numbersreally bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．
注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is neceary，however， its method should be improved．
注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．
The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．
再如： Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．
推荐第8篇：英语作文(说明文)[定稿]
Compose a piece of expository writing (说明文）, which begins with a statement of opinion, then goes on to give supporting details, and finally ends in a conclusion.No le than 200 words.
推荐第9篇：英语说明文写作指导
英语说明文写作指导
一、定义
说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体；是用说明的表达方式来解说事物，阐明事理。
二、写作基本要求
这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。说明文的基本特点是内容的科学性、说明的条理性和语言的准确性。说明文的种类很多，主要有事物说明文和事理说明文
三、写作注意事项
1．要写好说明文，应该注意以下几点：
①描写要抓住人或物的特征，防止面面俱到。
②说明层次要清楚，应由浅入深，由易到难，由外到里，由始到末。
③选用恰当的说明方法将各要点连接成句子。如定义、举例、比较或对比、类比、分析、说明、叙述.
④使用过渡语将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。
⑤尽可能选用新颖、典型的素材，使说明的内容生动、有趣，以吸引读者。
2．说明文的写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；
第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；
第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。
课课练
一、完形填空
What does a succeful language learner do? Language learning research shows that
, succeful language learners are independent(独立的) learners.They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language, Instead of the teacher to explain, they try to find the rules for themselves.They try to learn from their mistakes.
Succeful language learning is active learning.Succeful learners do not wait for a chance a chance.They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they They are willing（愿意）to make mistakes and try again.When communication is difficult, they can acceptis inexact(不正确的) or incomplete.It is more importantto learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of very word.
Finally, succeful language learners are a purpose.They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it.It is neceary communicate with these people and to learn from them.
What kind of language learner are you? If you are a succeful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.On the other hand, if yourthan succeful, you’d better try some of the skills outlined(概述) above.
()1.A.inB.onC.from
()2.After allB.First of allC.At last
()3.A.waitB.waitingC.waited
()4.suchB.soC.much
()5.A.have problemsB.make a decisionC.make a mistake
()6.A.whoB.whatC.that
()7.A.usB.himC.them
()8.A.withoutB.withC.for
()9.A.in order toB.so thatC.in order that
()10.A.moreB.muchC.le
二、书面表达
梦想是人类的翅膀，有了它，我们才能飞翔；梦想是最温暖的光芒，即使在最黑暗的时候，它也能把前方的路照亮。每个人都有梦想，但要实现梦想必须为之努力拼搏。请你围绕“中学生该如何实现梦想”这一话题展开思路，谈谈感想。
要求：
1．请根据所提供的信息材料和话题（不要逐句翻译），写出结构完整、语句精彩、意思连贯、语言流畅、语法准确、符合逻辑的短文。
2． 80词以上。
3． 不得使用真实姓名、地名和学校名。
4． 题目自拟。
推荐第10篇：高考英语作文 说明文
说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构
严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：
一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；
二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理
是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；
三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对
其进行介绍。具体特点为：
说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺
入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。
[2010·安徽改编]
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very few things are handwritten.All too often, people buy a pen based only on and wonder why they are not satisfied once they begin to use it.However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not thickne of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a 均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.This will make it poible for you to leave drops of inks, as you pick up and put it down again.， the pen should make a thick，for example, a signature on a printed letter.A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impreion of confidence and authority(权威)．
()1.A.looksB．reasonsC．valuesD．advantages
()2.A.convenientB．practicalC．strangeD．difficult
()3.A.heavyB．easyC．hardD．safe
()4.A.talkingB．findingC．determiningD．seeking
()5.A.preferB．recommendC．prepareD．demand
()6.A.thickB．lightC．longD．soft
()7.A.changeB．allowC．reduceD．pre
()8.A.thinB．roughC．blackD．smooth
()9.A.wayB．sightC．flowD．steam
()10.A.MeanwhileB．GenerallyC．AfterwardsD．Finally
()11.A.show upB．differ fromC．break downD．compensate for
()12.A.attentionB．supportC．respectD．admiion
训练题
Dear teachers and students, today I have important news to announce that our school will hold a Thanksgiving quiz competition this month.
Nearly 400 years ago, our forefathers explored this land and lived on it after ， life gets better and better.It’forefathers’ tradition and bring you before the Thanksgiving holiday, our school will hold this competition.
This year the competition is based on an advanced way—the online quiz, which that the competition can be held within flexible time, with more contestants and more pleasure, but le preure.Next, please allow me to give you some detaileddo the quiz on our school’s Website anytime from November 23rd to 30th.This It’aspects.You’ll be tested on Thanksgiving’s history, custom, etc.Besides, every contestant will get the randomized(随机的) questions to avoid cheating.
Finally, this is a competition with cool prizes for top 50 winners.As for the score, ’s a selfgrading quiz, you can see your score once you finish the testing.The more amazing point is that the results can be ranked by the， isn’t it? The exact name list of the winners will bedeclared on the website soon after the competition.
Dear students, welcome to the competition based on the online Thanksgiving quiz.Wish you good luck!
()1.A.ambitionsB．effortsC．preparationsD．congratulations
()2.A.abuseB．destroyC．discriminateD．forget
()3.A.pleasureB．knowledgeC．promotionD．hope
()4.A.demandsB．indicatesC．meansD．agrees
()5.A.analysisB．instructionC．suggestionD．regulation
()6.A.ThoughB．WhenC．AfterD．Because
()7.A.allowsB．advisesC．promisesD．requires
()8.A.disorderB．differenceC．dilemmaD．distribution
()9.A.useB．checkC．enrichD．prove
()10.A.suddenlyB．graduallyC．quicklyD．immediately
()11.A.picked upB．figured outC．brought upD．depended on
()12.A.beneficialB．effectiveC．efficientD．interesting
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了感恩节测试竞赛的举办原因、举办方式(网上竞赛模式)及竞赛结果的胜者确定等。
1．B 根据上一句中的“experiencing unimaginable hardships”可判断此处指先辈们的努力使我们的生活越来越好。故选B。
2．D 根据上文“our school will hold a Thanksgiving quiz competition this month”可知，我们举行感恩节测试竞赛就是为了纪念感恩节，即没有忘记感恩节。由此判断选D。
3．A 根据下文“the competition can be held within flexible time, with more contestants and more pleasure”的提示可判断选A。
4．C 由语境可知，“which that the competition can be held within flexible time, with more contestants and more pleasure, but le preure”是对“the online quiz”的解释，故用means(意思是)。
5．B 根据下文是对此次感恩节测试竞赛的各事项的解释说明，故选B。
6．D 根据前后的因果关系可判断选D。
7．A 网上测试系统准许成百的你们参与比赛，只要你们有时间。由此判断选A。
8．C 传统的比赛方式给师生造成了想参加比赛又怕影响学习的这种进退两难的选择，而网上竞赛方式避免了这种窘境，故选C。
9．B 比赛自然是从各方面检测学生对感恩节的了解，故选B。
10．D 由“you can see your score once you finish the testing”可推断你可以立刻知道成绩。故选D。
11．A 由“this is a competition with cool prizes for top 50 winners”和“the results can be ranked by the scores”可推断此处指根据成绩选出50名胜利者，故选A。
12．C 根据“you can see your score once you finish the testing.The more amazing point is that the results can be ranked by the scores and top 50 winners can be”可推断网上竞赛的效率之高，由此判断选C。
第11篇：小学英语说明文阅读
Nov.3rd, 2012 语文：
学习了Unit2 Leon2：Find the topic word
学习目标：孩子们能够理解Topic word的含义，并且能够从一个段落中找到Topic word. Topic word: means the subject or the main idea.
孩子们能够理解并且用自己的话表达：Topic word can tell us what the paage is talking about. 例如：
Rock is the topic word.
Ash is the topic word.
“Vents” is the topic word.
Hawaii is the topic word.
以及Leon3: Sort information about volcano 要求：孩子们理解将文章中的信息分类，能够更好地帮助我们理解文章的内容。学习这部分的重点不仅仅是能够正确地将信息分类，更多是理解为什么要将信息分类，因为这样可以让我们更加容易理解文章的内容。
第12篇：大学生英语说明文写作
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型:
1.例证法
这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。例如:
Our life today depends very much on energy.For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be.The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything.Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出\"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源\"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法
下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。例如:
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics.He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn.His personality is as important as his scholarship.An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic.He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn\'t be afraid to show his feelings and expre his likes and dislikes.An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.
本段的展开是通过对\"一个模范教师\"下定义的方法,关键词\"ideal teacher\"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。
3.分类法
分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。例如:
As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories.First are the conservative people.Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes.Second are the liberal people.These people are in favour of progre and reform.But their opinions often seem too idealistic.Third are the moderate people.The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits.They are more practical in this hard world.In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和温和派(moderate people),并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。
4.因果关系法
事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括\"由果推因\"(由结果去推测原因)和\"由因推果\"(由原因去推测结果)两种
情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。例如:
Of the four seasons, I like spring best.I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety.New life bursts out everywhere.Plants wear a green coaagain and colourful flowers bloom in gardens and mountains.The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities.Life becomes so energetic and happy.
第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。
5.比较对照法
有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫作\"比较\";指出其不同点,叫作\"对照\"。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。
进行比较对照通常有两种方式。第一种方式采用\"先A后B\"的结构,即A1,A2,A3...;B1,B2,B3...。第二种方式采用\"AB交错\"结构,即A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...。第一种方式采用先A后B的结构实际上是把一个段落(或一篇文章)分割为两部分,先全面讲A,再全面讲B,这样做较难收到强烈的对比效果。多数人认为第二种方式比较好,因为把对比的双方AB逐点交错,可以避免行文的单调沉闷,对比的效果也会更鲜明突出。例如:
It is easy to be a winner.A winner can show his joy publicly.He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory.People love to be with winners.Winners are never lonely.Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world.It is difficult to face defeat with dignity.Losers can not show their disappointments publicly.They can not cry or grieve about their defeat.They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public.They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadne.这段采用先A后B的对照方式,阐述胜利者和失败者的不同特征。这种写法较易操作,但行文往往比较平淡单调。再来看看AB交错的比较方式:
I like having a twin sister.When she’s happy, I’
’
’m happy.When she feels unhappy, I feel the same.Often, I know what shes going to say.Sometimes, I know what she
s thinking.I like what she likes.I hate what she hates.We like the same music, the same food and the same books.
这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。
6.过程分析法
过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是\"What happens\";因果关系研究的对象是\"Why it happens\",而过程分析研究的对象是\"How it happens\"。例如:
There are several steps to plant a tree.First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep.Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight.Third, put the earth back into the hole again.Push it down hard with your foot several times.Finally, water the tree well, as often as poible.
这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally)的使用加强了语句的连贯性。
还必须说明的是,在实际写作中,我们很少单独采用上述几种方法中的某一种。不少段落(或文章)的写作都是综合使用各种不同的写作方法。同时还应明确,在写作中有意识地侧重使用某一种方法是有好处的。此外,上述这些说明文的写作方法在议论文中也常被采用。如何使用这些方法,写出一篇好的文章来,还需在平时认真积累,勤加练习。
第13篇：英语说明文的写作方法
英语说明文的写作方法
1.罗列法（listing）
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。
罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习
There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language.First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …
We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， 必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2.举例法（examples）
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出
举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
3.比较法（comparison and contrast）
比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法
在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。 however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，neverthele等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4.定义法（definition）
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是
被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语比如
A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.
5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and proce）
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
6.分类法（claification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法
Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested，that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some f ew to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy，
and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the le important arguments，
and the meaner sort of books…
第14篇：英语说明文写作句型
Many people insist that...很多人坚持认为...With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that...随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为...A lot of people seem to think that...很多人似乎认为...·引出不同观点:People\'s views on...vary from person to person.Some hold that....However, others believe that....人们对...的观点因人而异.有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为．．．People may have different opinions on...人们对...可能会有不同的见解.Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.There are different opinions among people as to...关于....人们的观点大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.·结尾部分Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that...把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论...Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论...Hence/Therefore, we\'d better come to the conclusion that...因此,我们最好得出这样的结论...There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.All in all, we cannot live without...But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之,我们没有...是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.·提出建议:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.It is time to take the advice of ...and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ...该是采纳...的建议,并对...的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ...毫无疑问,对...问题应予以足够的重视.Obviously,....If we want to do something..., it is eential that...显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是...Only in this way can we...只有这样,我们才能...It must be realized that...我们必须意识到...·预示后果:Obviously, if we don\'t control the problem, the chances are that...will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.No doubt, unle we take effective measures, it is very likely that...毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会...It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.·论证部分From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that...我无法完全同意这一观点....Personally, I am standing on the side of ...就个人而言,我站在...的一边.I sincerely believe that...我真诚地相信...In my opinion, it is more advisable to do ...than to do....在我个人看来,做...比做...更明智.
Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why...坦诚地说，最后，还有一个较为实际的原因...·给出原因:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First, ...Second, ...Third, ...这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, ...第二, ...第三, ...Why did...? For one thing...For another....Perhaps the primary reason is...为什么会...? 一个原因是...令一个原因是...或许其主要原因是....I quite agree with the statement that...the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即...,其主要原因如下:·列出解决办法:Here are some suggestions for handling...这是如何处理某事的一些建议.The best way to solve the troubles is...解决这些麻烦的最好办法是...People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题.·批判错误观点和做法:As far as something is concerned, ....就某事而言,...It was obvious that...很显然,....It may be true that..., but it doesn\'t mean that...可能...是对的,但这并不意味着...It is natural to believe that..., but we shouldn\'t ignore that...认为....是很自然的,但我们不应忽视....There is no evidence to suggest that...没有证据表明...·作文中常用连接词的选择表示强调的连接词
still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.表示比较的连接词 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表示对比的连接词 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, conversely, different from, however, neverthele, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表示列举的连接词 for instance, such as, take ...for example, except for, to illustrate.表示时间的连接词 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.表示顺序的连接词 then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表示可能的连接词 presumably, probably, perhaps.表示递进的连接词 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表示让步的连接词 although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表示转折的连接词 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately.whereas表示原因的连接词 for this reason, due to, thanks to,because of, as, since, owing to.表示结果的连接词 as a result, hence, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.用于总结的连接词 on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize.其他类型连接词 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case.
第15篇：说明文
我的莲花女
记得李白的诗中写道：“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰。”不错，用来形容我的小陶瓷——莲花女，最合适不过了，因为她纯洁而朴素，自然而飘渺。(引用概括) 莲花女高约22cm，长约23cm，宽约10cm。整个工艺品描绘的是一个名叫莲花的女子在含首抚琴，给人一个淡雅的感觉。（物品的长宽高和整体的感觉）
莲花她有一头青丝，垂散于身背，头上无太多的装饰，唯有一支雕刻了许多金莲的金叉，盘了一丝头发，插于云鬓中，甚是好看。她的皮肤白皙如雪，长又弯的眉毛，一双丹凤眼半眯着，似乎在享受这天籁之音，朱唇微扬，让人觉得可以和”蒙娜丽莎”相媲美。（外形）
她身着一袭隐约带绿色的轻纱素裙，酥胸微露，长袖袖口迎风飘扬，还隐约看到藏在那薄妇蝉翼纤纤玉臂。素裙的裙摆还细致描绘了许多高洁的荷花。有的含苞待放、有的粉雕玉琢，开得正灿烂„„把略施粉黛的莲花女衬托得更加美丽。 （衣着）
莲花女坐在一块青松石上，大腿上放着一架古色古香的凤尾琴，琴码琴弦清晰可见，她左手按弦，右手轻抚琴弦。更可贵的是，琴身虽仅有11厘米长，宽2厘米，但上面雕刻了上百朵婀娜多姿的荷花，以及“细若蚊足”的“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。”（外形）
在莲花女的左边的裙摆上，有一两只黄粉蝶在驻留，仿佛在倾听莲花女弹奏的五指妙音。
远远望去，莲花女就像是一个与尘世无染，高洁不羁的仙女。让人不想起《爱莲说》中的：“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。”（照应开头写整体感觉）
莲花女，实属一件惟妙惟肖、不可多得的工艺品。
保温瓶的自述
我叫保温瓶，人送别号茶瓶、保暖瓶、热水瓶。
我诞生在矮人国，身高仅三十五公分左右，腰围却有四十公分。你可别小看我这五短身材，朋友却是遍布五湖四海。上至宫廷首相府，下至寻常百姓家，都奉我为尊贵的座上宾。
炎炎盛夏，想沏一杯龙井茶，隆隆寒冬，欲饮一杯热开水，只要提起我来，便能满足人们的需求。这就难怪我要受到人们的青睐了。（作用）
其实，从结构上说，我太简单了。外面一层瓶壳，是我的外衣；内中一只瓶胆，就算我的身体。瓶胆是玻璃制成，容易碎，这外衣就显得十分重要。服装也随着时代而变化，开始是竹制的，逐渐换用塑料和钢精的了。实用、美观、大方，反映出我的审美观。（结构、外形）
有人问我，你的身体结构如此简单，怎么能保温的呢？说起来，这主要是瓶胆的功劳了。瓶口上不是有一只软木塞子吗？就是这个塞子，切断了瓶内热分子与瓶外冷空气对流的道路。瓶胆壁是双层的，中间夹层抽出了真空（真空是不传热的），这就把热传导的路给切断了。同时，你们看到瓶胆上亮晶晶的，那是有意涂上的一层薄薄的银，它能像镜子一样将热辐射挡了回去。有了这三条，热就可以比较长久地保留下来了。当然，这种绝热还不那么理想，仍然有一部分热能够跑出来，因此我的保暖时间总是有一定的限度。（从结构去分析保温原理）
别看我一贯沉默寡言，有时也会发脾气，“嘭”一声，瓶塞一蹦老高。那当然不是本人的过错。倒开水时，冷空气会乘机从瓶口跑进去，受热后体积膨胀，这时木塞偏偏塞得过紧，憋不住，就会将瓶塞顶出。如果你在盖木塞时，先把木塞放在瓶口，留一点缝隙，把水瓶轻轻晃动一下，让水汽微微出来，再把木塞盖紧，我就不会暴跳如雷了。（使用注意事项）
人们说，老虎屁股摸不得。我不是老虎，可屁股上那个小尾巴──抽气尾管却也碰不得。一旦碰破，瓶胆夹层进入空气，就会失去保温性能，所以必须对其细心保护。另外，瓶胆使用久了，内壁会附着一层水垢，不仅不卫生，并且会使瓶胆失去反射作用而影响保温，因此必须及时清除水垢。清除方法很简便，可用小苏打、温盐水灌进去，再放一些纸屑、碎鸡蛋壳，用双手摇晃几下，水垢即可除去。（如何保管）
南宋华岳有《田家》诗云：“鸡唱三声天欲明，安排饭碗与茶瓶。”昔日祖辈与今天的我当然不好攀比了。今天的我正适应时代潮流，不仅外貌上美化，图文并茂，色彩纷呈，而且品种上翻新，什么旅行式，气压式，等等，可谓琳琅满目，美不胜收。（品种变化）
我将继续竭诚为人类服务，不辜负朋友对我的信任：外表冷静，心是热的。
闹 钟
自上小学开始，父母为了锻炼我的自理能力，每天由我自己决定睡觉和起床的时间。于是，我就不得不使用闹钟。他是我学习的好帮手，生活的好朋友，每天按时提醒我睡觉、起床，伴我一路成长。现在，他虽然有些残旧，但我依然爱不释手。
我的闹钟，美观可爱，价廉物美。
他的外形是一个机器猫，天蓝色的肥胖身子，一双白白的大眼睛下面，长着一个红红圆圆的大鼻子，一张弯弯的嘴巴总是冲着你笑，一副憨态可掬的样子，十分可爱。机器猫的肚子里是一个白手的大表盘，12个彩色的数字均匀地刻在表盘的四周。表盘里秒针、分针、时针、定时针各尽其责，有规律地在表盘里相聚、分散，不知疲倦、周而复始地在机器猫的肚子里转。
不闹时，他总是默默地注视我、鼓励我；但是每天一到早上他都会准时地喊“快起床！快起床！”来闹醒我。有时我没有及时按停闹铃键，他就大有不达目的绝不罢休之势，闹个不止。
与别的闹钟不一样的是，夜晚他还是我照明的工具：因为他的头顶上有一个按灯的长弧形按钮。只要轻轻一按，灯就会亮起，既可以照亮机器猫的大表盘看到时间，又可以为我在黑夜里照明。他非常聪明，只要一松手，灯就会延时三十秒自动关闭，你说多节能！
关于闹钟的原理，我还专门上网查了一些资料。石英闹钟也可叫做水晶振动电子表，因为它是利用水晶片的发振现象。当水晶接受到外部的加力电压，就会有变形及伸缩的性质。相反，若压缩水晶，便会使水晶两端产生电力。石英表就是利用周期性持续发振的水晶，为我们带来准确的时间和闹铃。
科技的进步带来时代的发展，现在这只一直陪伴我走在求学路上甚至有点落后的机器猫，我依然珍爱。
哪怕有一天他老了再也不能闹了，我也将珍藏起他，因为是他记录了我忙碌的脚步、青葱的岁月！
第16篇：说明文
说明文复习
班级姓名
（1）（2）（3）（4）
练习题1：
考拉之所以每天的睡眠时间长达20个小时，是因为它的血液中含有百分之三十和安眠药类似的物质。
这句话用的说明方法是，这样写的好处是
练习题2：
植物的喜怒哀乐
植物和人类一样，有着自己的喜好和情感。
各种植物都能凭着良好的视觉，辨别各种波段的可见光，尽可能地吸收自己喜好的光线。用红光照射植物，可以增加糖的含量；用蓝光照射植物，可以增加蛋白质的含量；紫光，可以促进茄子的生长。这样科学家可以根据植物对颜色的喜好和生产需要，给它们加盖不同颜色的塑料薄膜。
有些植物伴随着任何一曲美妙的音乐生长，根系和叶绿素都会增多，例如：玉米和大豆听了《蓝色狂想曲》，心情舒畅，发芽特别快。而有些植物就对音乐十分挑剔，像胡萝卜和马铃薯偏爱听音乐家瓦格纳的音乐，白菜和豆角则喜欢听莫扎特的音乐。还有一些植物宁可不听音乐，也不愿听不喜欢的音乐。高雅的玫瑰听了悠扬的小提琴曲鲜花怒放，可听了摇滚乐就加速花朵的凋谢。
植物还有强烈的同情心。当科学家把一只只小活虾扔进滚烫的开水锅里时，连接在植物叶片上的测试仪显示：植物的“情感曲线”像温度计的水银柱受了热一样，骤然上升。那些目睹惨剧的植物也好像人类悲痛时的表现。还有一个实验：在一个房间里先放入两株植物，再请进6个人，然后让其中一个人掐断一株植物，这株植物就成了受害者，接着6个人同时离开。科学家规定10分钟后，请刚才没有掐断植物的5个人分别在不同时间依次进入房间，研究者立刻把测试仪和没有受伤害的植物叶片连接起来，你猜发生了怎样的情况？测试仪显示：“植物的情感曲线”剧烈地波动起来，就好像人们处在极度愤怒或哀伤的状态中一样。
看来，植物的确是有情感的啊！“爱护花草树木”是对植物应有的尊重，不能只停留在口头上，必须落实在每个人的行动中！
关于植物的情感研究有着极其重要的科学意义，它不仅告诉人们生物之间是有亲缘关系的，而且还告诫人类应该尊重所有生命，保护好现有的生态环境。
植物的喜怒哀乐表现在哪三个方面？
第17篇：说明文
三、阅读下面的说明文，回答15～18题。（11分）
中国第五大发明——汉字
①汉字是当今世界上仍在使用的最古老的文字。从甲骨文算起，已有3500年以土的历 史了。古埃及的圣体字、巴比伦的楔形文字、中美洲的古玛雅文字等相继成为历史的陈迹，唯汉字独存。中国人用数千年的聪明才智创造出来的奇迹，在世界文字史上是独一无二的。它承载了中国五千年灿烂文明，至今仍旧具有旺盛的生命力。尤其是汉字计算机输入的优越性，使汉字的奇迹更令世人惊叹和信服。汉字堪称中国‚第五大发明‛。
②汉字具有超越方言和古今语言差别的功能。著名学者安子介先生说，‚中国由黑龙江到云南，汉字全通。‛‚中华文化连绵五千年，是用汉字记载的。‛‚西方字母的形式，根据历史说也是由象形而来，后来变成拼音，各国文字不同，相互联结的纽带断了，结果欧洲分成大小十数个国家。如果中国早年也走这条路，早已出现江苏国、广东国了。我国方言这样多，汉字的语音无法在‘语音学’上统一，但在文字使用上自古及今都是一脉相承的。汉字对汉族产生了不可估量的凝聚作用。‛可见，汉字具有超越方言和古今语言差别的功能，这对汉民族的形成和中国的统一具有重要的作用。
③汉字可以引发想象和联想。由于汉字以形表意，使用汉字时观其形而得其意，其中必定有想象和联想产生。并非仅仅由象形字直接演化过来的字如此，如‚日‛‚月‛等。会意字也是如此，如‚休息‛的‚休‛字，由‚人‛和‚木‛两部分组成，就是‚人‛靠着‚树‛歇息。我们从字形的拼组关系中便可想象出这字的意义。其实，有些形声字的声旁也是表意的，如‚文盲‛的‚盲‛字，声旁‚亡‛既表音也表意，‚盲‛就是‚亡‛了‚目‛。因此，汉字引发想象和联想的强大作用值得我们重视。
④汉字有利于发展大脑智力。从神经心理学和神经语言学的研究成果看，拼音文字是偏向大脑左半球的‚单脑文字‛，而汉字是大脑左、右两半球并用的‚复脑文字‛；拼音文字认知中‚语音编码‛方式起主要作用，而汉字认知中则是利用‚多重编码‛方式，语音、字形和语义编码兼用。学习汉字可以开发大脑左、右半球的潜力，有利于发展大脑智力。因此，从音、形、义三者结合上去学习汉字是科学的方法。
⑤与中华文明共存共荣的古老汉字，具有独特的形式和经久不息的生命力。我们要重新认识汉字的价值，充分发掘汉字的奥秘，以迎接汉字‚发挥威力‛的新时代。
15.根据第①段文字，就内容方面提出一个有思考价值的问题。（2分）
答：
16.选文第②段引用安子介先生的话意在说明什么？（3分）
答：
17.根据选文第④段，你认为西方学者针对拼音文字提出的“开发右脑”的主张，是否适合使用汉字的中国人？请说明理由。（3分）
答：
18.依照下面示例，从“尘、吠、诽”中任选一个，说出这个字引发了你怎样的想象和联想。（3分）
示例：“悟”左面是“心”，右面是“吾”，合在一起就是“我经过思考而有所领会
答：
第18篇：说明文
说明事物要抓住特征
一、教学目的
1、通过本次作文教学，使学生明白什么是事物特征和怎样抓住事物特征。
2、能抓住特征对事物进行说明。
二、教学重点：怎样抓住特征进行说明
三、教学难点：对“特征”的理解
四、教学步骤
导入：一棵树上的叶子，看上去样子好像差不多，但仔细观察就会发现，没有两片树叶是完全一样的。这件事告诉我们，即使是十分相似的事物也是有差别的，它们各有各的特点。铅笔、钢笔、毛笔、圆珠笔，虽说都是笔，却不完全一样。写说明文，要注意抓住事物的特征。
（一）要抓住特征说明事物。
任何事物都有自己的特征，这是这一事物区别于其它事物的最本质、最主要的方面。因此，要介绍清楚这一事物，必须把握住它的特征，才有准确性可言；不单写作说明文如此，阅读说明文也同样要把握住事物的特征，才能清楚地认识作者介绍的事物。抓住事物特征，是写好说明文的关键问题。
1、抓住事物特征的方法是：
（1）观察。在观察中通过比较找出这一事物与别的事物相互区别的地方。 （2）实践。通过亲自做去了解事物的特征。
（3）查阅有关资料。总之要把事物的特征写好，一要观察，二要分析，才能说得准确、扼要。
2、用比较的方法说明事物的特点。请说明“水与豆浆”各自的特征： 水是无色透明的液体，水是无嗅、无味的。
豆浆是一种乳白色液体,是由大豆经过研磨后再与水混合而成的饮品。
（二）课堂训练
以“水”为例，写一篇300字的说明文。 例文：
水是液体。石块和木块有一定的形状，无论放在桌子上或者盒子里，它们都不会改变自己的形状，都是固体。水就不同，放在圆杯子里就成为圆形，放在方盒子里就成了方形，它没有一定的形状。
水是无色透明的。有人说水是白色的，这话错了。拿水同牛奶比较一下就会明白，牛奶才是白色的，水是什么颜色也没有的。如果把一根筷子插入牛奶里，我们就看不见它。再把一根筷子插入清水中，我们能够透过清水看见插入的筷子。
水是无嗅、无味的。怎样来区分无色透明的烧酒和水呢？光凭肉眼是毫无办法的。只要闻一闻，尝一尝就能正确无误地区分了。烧酒有酒的气味和味道，而水却什么气味、什么味道也没有。 因此，在正常的情况下，水是无色、无嗅、无味的液体。（298）
（三）说明特征
1、特征就是一事物区别于其它事物的标志。事物的特征不止一个，要仔细观察、研究、分析。但不一定逐个介绍。要根据客观需要和写作目的来取舍。
2、确定事物特征的方法：
介绍人物，主要抓住人物的“经历特征”尤其是成就、有价值的生活阶段来加以说明。 介绍动物，抓住动物的形状和生理特征，生活习性等。 介绍植物，着重说明它的生态和用途。
介绍某种器物着重说明器物的结构、功能、使用方法等。
介绍建筑物，着重介绍它的外形特征、内部结构以及建筑材料等方面的特点。 介绍自然地理知识，着重介绍地理现象的形成及地形地貌。
介绍历史名称及事件，着重介绍名称形成的原因，事件发生的背景及其性质。
（四）写作训练
以“猫”为说明对象，突出特征，正确运用说明方法，写一篇600字以上的说明文。 思考提示：找出猫的外貌、生活习性、用处等特征，然后按逻辑顺序布局。 ◎参考写作提纲：
1、猫是食肉的哺乳动物。（下定义）
2、猫虎传说。
3、特征：眼睛、耳朵、脚爪、肉垫、胡须，（形状、作用）
4、捕鼠。（伏击、守侯、吃鼠）
5、嬉戏。（和狗打架）
6、肉、毛皮用处。
7、结束语
如何抓住事物的特征呢？
自然界中的事物，都有自己的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别于其他事物的不同之处。当我们向别人介绍某一事物时，只有把这一事物的独特之处突出地表现出来，才能给人以准确的、深刻的印象。
不同事物的特征各不相同，在写作说明文时，我们就要根据说明的对象，准确地说明事物的特征。如何抓住事物的特征呢？我们不妨运用下列方法：
一、同中求异法——运用这种方法，要求我们善于利用事物的形似相同，实质略有区别这一特点，准确地发现事物相同之中的不同点，并加以说明。例如，同样是笔，硬笔（铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔等）和软笔（毛笔）是不同的；即使同是硬笔，钢笔和圆珠笔的构造、特点、使用方法也有不同。如果能抓住这些进行说明，事物的特征就能表现得比较清楚了。著名桥梁专家茅以升的《中国石拱桥》是这样来说明赵州桥和永定河上的卢沟桥的——
（赵州桥）这座桥的特点是：
（一）全桥只有一个大拱，长达37.4米，在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱。桥洞不是普通的半圆形，而是像一张大弓，因而拱上面的道路没有陡坡，便于车马上下。„„
永定河上的卢沟桥，修建于公元1189年到1192年间。桥长265米，由11个半圆形的石拱组成，每个石拱长度不一，自16米到21.6米。桥宽约8米，路面平坦，几乎与河面平行。每两个石拱之间有石砌桥墩，把11个桥拱联成一个整体。由于各拱相联，所以这种桥叫做联拱石桥。
同是对桥拱的说明：前者是独拱，后者是联拱；同是对桥面的说明：前者是没有陡坡，后者是几乎与河面平行；同样是拱，前者是“像一张大弓”，后者则是“半圆形”。正是由于作者抓住了这些同中之异、具有特征性的东西，两座桥的特点才给我们留下了深刻的印象。
二、多面展示法——对一些结构较为复杂的事物，要将事物的特征说清楚，应该从多方面加以阐说，使其不同的特点全方位地展现在读者面前。叶圣陶先生在《苏州园林》一文中，说明了苏州园林“无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画”这一特征。这个特征比较复杂，也比较抽象，因此作者从苏州园林的布局、假山堆叠的艺术性和池沼与其它景物配合的灵活性、园林中栽种和修剪树木、花墙和廊子的巧妙设置及每个角落的布置等四个方面进行逐一展现使读者通过对各个局部的了解，整体认识了苏州园林的特点。
事物的整体特征，有时就是各个局部特征的总和。对事物的微观特点进行的说明，其实也就是对整体特征进行的说明。围绕某一点，多方面地展现事物的特征，能比较全面地反映事物的本质特点。多面展示，是我们在写作说明文时可以尝试的方法。
三、表里合一法——有些事物，其内在的特征是能通过外在的形式充分地表露出来的。因此通过说明其外在的特征，同样可以说明其内在的特征。请看这样几段文字——
有些动物是以动作作为联系信号的。在我国海滩上，有一种小蟹，雄的只有一只大螯，在寻求配偶时，便高举这只大螯，频频挥动，一旦发觉雌螯走来，就更加起劲地挥舞大螯，直至雌螯伴随着一同回穴。
有一种鹿是靠尾巴报信的，平安无事时，它的尾巴就垂下不动；尾巴半抬起来，表示正处于警戒状态；如果发现有危险，尾巴便完全竖直。 ——肖柯《千奇百怪的动物语言》
这两段文字，说明了有些动物是以动作作为语言的。说明时，作者主要是通过对两种动物的外显的现象的描绘来表现这一内在的特征的。
当然，以上三种方法只是在作文时供选择运用的操作方法，要能抓住事特的特征，关键还在于平时的细心观察。
第19篇：说明文
说明文，即用来解释或说明事物、理论、方法、过程或某种抽象概念的文章。说明文的基本目的就是说清楚。也就是说，要让人看了文章后对文章中解释或说明的对象有清晰明确的认识。这就决定了说明文的基本特征是客观和科学。
说明文首要的一点是明确说明的 对象，然后用准确的语言，结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。常用的说明手法有下定义、分类别、作比较、引资料、举例子、列数字、画图表等。下定义，即给要说明的对象下一个明确的定义。如博物馆的定义就是征集、保藏、陈列和研究代表自然和人类的实物,并为公众提供知识、教育和欣赏的文化教育机构。分类别是将要说明的对象按照某种标准划分类别，以帮助读者对事物的理解。如电视机，可以分为彩色电视机和黑白电视机。作比较，即将这种事物与那种事物比较异同，从而更清楚地说明事物的特点。如将城市和乡村作比较，将大学和幼儿园作比较等。作比较的时候一定要注意比较的事物之间应当具有可比性，不能生拉硬扯，也不能不尊重客观事实，胡乱比较。为了说明某种事物的特点，有时候需要介绍它的背景、原理、历史等，这时就要用到引资料这种手法。比如我们要对长城进行说明，适当地引用一些历史文献，就更有助于今天的人们了解长城的历史，从而加深对长城中所蕴含的民族精神的认识。在复杂说明文中，列图表具有不可替代的优势。大量的数据、冗长的叙述、复杂的相互关系等，都可以通过图表得到直观的表达。
按说明的对象不同，说明文可分为事物说明文和事理说明文。前者着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等，后者则重在说明事理。这两类说明文常用的写作手法也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征，常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法，事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征，地要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候，在同一篇文章中，几种说明手法都要用到，相辅相成，互为补充。
如何使说明文物理并重、形神兼备的呢?首要的一点是观察。说明文写作的前提是对要说明的事物非常熟悉。要做到这一点，就要养成认真观察、深入了解的习惯：
观察要有针对性。要带着问题观察，而不是走马观花、浮光掠影。最好能在观察前列出观察提纲，观察时要记笔记、画图标。要善于提出问题。
观察时要分清主次。这就要求我们注意观察的顺序。观察有概括性观察和特写性观察之分。前一种方法有助于抓住事物的概貌，后者则利于把握观察对象的细节和特征。由概括到特写、由全局到局部，是观察的一般原理。
观察重在事物的形。要想传神，写出事物的内涵、原理等，则需要有很好的查阅资料、作调查的能力。比如我们要写一篇文章来说明洛阳牡丹。在写好它的形状、颜色、品种之外，如果能够考察一下洛阳牡丹的来历、其中的牡丹名品在培育中的科学原理，这篇文章就会有说服力，使读者更深刻地认识到洛阳牡丹的文化特色。这就要求我们具备相当的知识积累、广阔的知识面和优秀的调查能力。作为小，应当从小注重积累知识和调查能力的训练。比如通过剪报、记笔记、上图书馆和阅览室等途径来有意识地训练自己。
写作说明文还要注意说明的顺序。有合理的顺序，文章才能条理清晰，让人看得明白。说明顺序一般有三种，即空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序。间顺序一般有从上到下、从左到右、从前到后、从远到近等。时间顺序一般有从古到今、从过去到现在等。 逻辑顺序有从现象到本质、从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体等。什么是合理的顺序呢?这要根据人们认识事物的过程以及说明对象本身的特征、规律而定。说明事物的形状、构造等，往往以空间为顺序;说明事物的成因、方法，往往以时间为顺序;说明事物的事理，往往以逻辑关系为顺序。
当然，大多数说明文会综合使用多种说明顺序。因此，在写作时，我们要合理地安排好说明顺序，理清说明文的结构层次。常用的结构层次有并列式、层进式和总分式三种。比如我们以“水”为题目进行写作，可以先写水的外形特征，再写水的分类，然后写水的用途，这是并列式的写作层次。我们也可以先写水的外形，再写水的成因，最后写水给人类带来的利与害，这是层进式的结构层次。先概括水的用途和特征，再一一细述，就是总分式。结构层次能力需发们在长期的写作过程中培养，现在就不一一细说了
第20篇：说明文
说明文相关知识及学习重点
一、概念：说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，或介绍事物的状态、性质、功能；或阐明事理，目的是给人以知识。
二、分类
1、从说明对象的角度：事物性说明文、事理性说明文。
2、从说明文语言特征：平实的说明文、生动的说明文。
三、说明事物要抓住特征：
所谓特征是这一事物区别于其他事物的标志。只有抓住特征才能说明白这一事物或事理的独特之处。
四、常见的说明方法有：
举例子、分类别、作比较、下定义、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用、（作诠释、摹状貌）。
常见说明方法的作用：
①举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。
②分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。
③作比较：把__________和__________加以比较，突出强调了事物的________特征/事理。 ④打比方：将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。
⑤下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。
⑥列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。 ⑦列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。 ⑧作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。 ⑨摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体形象。 ⑩引用：使文章更具说服力,让人更能理解,仿佛身临其境。 引用：引用有以下几种形式——
A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）
B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）
C、引用名言、格言、谚语:作用是使说明更有说服力。
D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。
（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）
下定义与作诠释的区别是：定义要求完整，即定义的对象与所下定义的外延要相等，并且要从一个方面完整地揭示概念的全部内涵；而诠释并不要求完整，只要揭示概念的一部分内涵就可以了，并且解释的对象与做出的解释外延也可以不相等。
摹状貌：就是通过具体的描写（运用比喻拟人手法）揭示事物的特征，有助于把被说明的对象说得更具体、生动。
五、说明的顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序
逻辑顺序包括：主——次、原因——结果、现象——本质、特征——用途、一般——个别、概括——具体、整体——局部。
典型考题：本文使用了什么说明顺序？有何作用？
标准化答题格式：本文使用了__________的说明顺序对__________加以说明，使说明更有条理性。（第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用“事理”、“科学事理”等模糊性的语言表述。）
六、说明文的语言：
考点：分析语言的准确性及词语的删减、置换
说明语言的准确性，是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等，都要求准确无误。说明的实用性很强，稍有差错，会失之毫厘，谬以千里。特别要注意说明文中使用的术语和修饰限制性的词语，它们往往体现了说明语言的准确性。如“我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有”，其中“几乎”对“到处都有”作了限制，意思是接近于“到处都有”，因为事实上不可能到处都有。在准确的前提下，说明的语言有的以平实见长，有的以生动活泼见长，都是为了介绍知识。 说明文的语言品析
对整篇文章语文的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确；B、形象生动或简明平实。
A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择一句话为例子。
规范性的答题格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点，如“……”一句，就准确/生动形象/简明平实地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理，像这样的例子文章中还有很多。
七、说明文的结构：
1．总分式：包括“总--分、分--总、总--分--总等，事物说明文多用总分式，其“分”的部分又常按并列方式安排。
2．递进式：事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。
八、考点动向及类型：
1说明对象及特征 2说明顺序、
3概括文章的内容要点。 4分析说明方法及作用。 5分析说明文语言在具体语言中的作用。
6类似联想与延伸：对于一种科学现象及原理或自然中的一些事物与现实的关系，提建议，发表看法。
