推荐第1篇：英语专业四级口语部分录音文本
Part One
Once there was a little girl whose parents had died.This little girl lived with her grandma, and she lived in a upstairs bedroom.One night, there was a fire in the bedroom and her grandma died to rescue the little girl.The fire spreaded quickly and the first floor was soon engulfed with flames.The neighbors has called the fire department but they were unable to help because the fire had blocked the entrances.The little girl cried at the windows, crying for help.But it is said that the fire department would delay for a few minutes because they were at another fire.At this time, a man appeared with a ladder.He put the ladder up beside the house and disappear in the fire.After a moment, he had the little girl in his arms and he deliver the girl into the waiting arm.And then he disappeared at the night.An investigation reveals that the little girl had no living relatives.So, the next day, the meeting was held in town to determine who would take the little girl home and bring her up.A teacher said that he would raise the child for he could ensure his good education.A farmer said that living in a farm can lead the little girl a healthy and satisfying life.Other..s also gave their reasons of theirs about the advantage of living with them.At this time, the richest resident of the town appeared.He said all the advantages of living with him, plus money and everything money could buy.Hearing all these, the little remained silent, her eyes on the floor.When the meeting chairman said if there’s still someone to....say something, a man appeared at the back of the hall.He walked slowly and appeared in pain.When he arrived the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the girl and held out his arms.His hands and arms were terribly scarred.Seeing this, the little girl cried out and said this was the man who rescues her.....HeShe threw her arms to his neck and buried her face into his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments.At last, he looked up at him and smiled.
Part Two
This incident happened in a town of a city in China.One young man saved a child’s life when he walked past by accident.One day, a child was playing on the balcony while his mother was cooking in the kitchen.He enjoyed himself so much, but suddenly, he fell into the little gap between the space of the protecting web on the balcony.But fortunately,...he wasn’t so small enough to fall his whole body into the space.But he began to cry because because it hurt him.After hearing the cry of the child, the mother of the child came out of the kitchen but she was so worried anddidn’t know what to do.At this time, one young man appeared.He tried his best to reach the baby,And as soon as he reached the baby, he held out his arms to....hold the child’s feet.He stood there just to protect the child from falling down.He stood so...soon that his arms began to feel tired but he didn’t give up but chose to keep holding the baby’s feet.After a while, people around had called the police and...the police saved the young man and the child down.After this, his mother thanked the young man very much.But the young man th..ought it was...his duty to save the life ....he saw....And from then on, the young man has had a nick name.It was called The Man Who Holds Out His Arm.
Part Three
A:I am Phoebe.I am agree that university student can be a bell boy.
B:I can’t agree with you, Phoebe.I think a university student should not apply for a bell boy job.Because uh...as a bell boy, you can’t use your knowledge you learn atuniversity into your job, so I think that’s a waste.
A:So you don’t think that university should apply a job as a bell boy.But I think if I am interested in being a bell boy, maybe I can apply to the job to be a bell boy.
B:But I think you can’t just apply a job for only your interest, you have to think about many other factors.Uh..for example, the salary of a bell boy is not high enough to...to earn a living for ourselves, I think.And especially in a society like...like nowadays.We have to..uh..use a lot of money on our food, on our clothing,etc.So if you can apply a job whose salary is higher than a bell boy, I think you should go for it rather than a bell boy, especially for a university student.
A:When you come to the point for money, I want to remind you one thing.That is....uh..being a bell boy, it is a good chance to meet rich people and you can...uhh..being a bell boy, it’s not just about standing at the doors, it means help others.I think being a bell boy is a good step for you to..uh..to improve your communicating skills.So that in this way you can learn how to communicate with rich people.It means that you can gain the experiences of communicating with the high level people.
B:Maybe you have a point.But...I am sorry I can’t agree because even if as a bell boy, you can meet rich people, but it doesn’t mean that their money can..can be used on yourself.So I think rather than a bell boy, you still have so many choices to have the chances to communicate with others.What do you think?
A:Have you ever think about that if I want to apply to be a bell boy, it means that I am interested in that.So that I...I want to tell you that if you can do a good job in being a bell boy, I think you can do a lot of things good in other area.So that I think it doesn’t matter...uh..a college student to apply a job as a bell boy.I think it is also a good idea if the college student like being a bell boy.
B:OK.Maybe you are right..........But I still think that being a bell boy.....maybe to some people they wanted..they wants...they want to be a bell boy, but....uh...from my own opinion, if I’m a student graduated from a university, I would seize any chance to train my ability..to....I think being a bell boy, maybe you can communicate with others, but for me , I will choose some other jobs than a bell boy.Yeah, that’s all.
推荐第2篇：英语专业四级评分标准
英语专业四级评分标准
总括
听写15分
听力30题15分,0.5分一个
完型20题10分,0.5分一个
单选30题15分,0.5分一个
阅读20题20分，1分一个
作文15分
推荐第3篇：关于英语专业四级
关于2010年英语专业四级、八级统测报名通知 各位同学：
接高校外语专业教学指导委员会通知，2010年高校英语专业
四、八级统测按照“高校英语专业
四、八级考试大纲（2004年新版）”要求进行。现将2010年英语专业八级（TEM8）和专业四级（TEM4）测试有关事项通知如下：
一、考试时间：
专业八级（TEM8）：2010年3月6日（星期六）上午8：30开始 专业四级（TEM4）：2010年4月17日（星期六）上午8：30开始
二、报名对象：
专业四级（TEM4）：英语专业基础阶段学生，具体如下：
（1）2007级英语高职生、2008级英语本科生、2007级英语本科生补考生
（2）2009级成人脱产英语本科生(在籍成人脱产学生)
专业八级（TEM8）：英语专业四年级学生，具体如下：
（1）2006级英语本科
（2）2007级、2008级成人脱产英语本科生 说明：
1、TEM4补考生指2009年参加过TEM4考试但未通过2007级英语本科生， TEM8补考生指2009年参加TEM8考试但未通过2007级成人脱产英语本科生。
2、成人脱产英语（3+2）本科生可在升入本科后的第一年以补考生身份参加一次TEM4统测，但仅此一次机会，不再顺延；在毕业当年可以正常考生身份参加TEM8统测，并可在次年补考一次。
3、以上补考仅一次机会，不参加作自动放弃，补考机会不顺延。
4、高校英语专业
四、八级统测是一种教学检查，英语本科四年级学生即使未通过TEM4也可报考TEM8。
三、收费标准：专业四级、八级均为65元/人
四、报名方法：学生以班级为单位上报至班主任处，班主任将报名信息以及费用交至教学办203办公室。
五、报名截止：2009年11月12日16：00
教学办
2009年11月9日
推荐第4篇：英语专业四级作文
英语专业四级作文范文
1.How to Keep Fit
A healthy body is very important to every one of us.When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work; and the only thing you want to do is lying on the bed.When you are healthy, you can eat well, sleep well, sing and jump happily, do all the things you like to enjoy life.
The methods to keep us fit vary.In the morning, you can get up early, go outdoors, breathe the fresh air, and do physical exercises.Running and swimming are extremely helpful to keep one fit.If you are a busy person and have no special time allocated to do these things, there are still some ways useful for to keep fit.The easiest way is to walk to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus.You also have to take a routine physical checkordinate the different parts of our bodies when we have sports.For example, we must try our best to co - ordinate the movements of the arms and legs when we play basketball, or we won\'t be able to shoot the basket.Exercise also benefits our organs.It lets the heart beat faster than usual, and then helps enlarge the blood veels to protect us from heart attacks.
Exercise can also contribute to the development of our ability to response agilely.For instance, when you play table- tennis, you must try to reflect as quickly as you can so
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that you may fight back at the right position at the fight moment.
Exercise can also contribute to improving our mood.When you do exercise, you move a lot, and you have to be more active.It helps you become more optimistic.
Exercise will fill your life with various contents and make it more colorful.
What\'s more, exercise will help you get rid of your inertia.If you keep doing exercise regularly, you will never be a lazy person.Therefore, exercise has great effect on one\'s character.
In a word, exercise is helpful, important and absolutely neceary. 16.Crisis
Crisis is to our life what illne is to our body.Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes even put an end to our lives, so does smashing crisis knock us down so hopelely that we might never have chance of standing up again.However, most crises that frequent us in life are not such category.They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our body\'s immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life.Even those serious crises, if handled properly, can be turned to a bleing to us, too.
As far as a nation is concerned, crisis can be rendered beneficial.Take Wenchuan earthquake which shook most of Sichuan recently for example.The crisis has cost us Chinese a lot.Houses collapsed, bridges broke down and many affected areas were cut off from the outside world.Nearly a million people lost their homes, ten thousands of people were injured and another ten thousands of people were killed.But our sufferings won\'t go in vain.Scientists are more determined to improve the means by which we forecast earthquakes with more accuracy.We should build houses which can survive the destructive earthquakes.And we also should better the mechanism to face the emergencies and crisis.
As for economic life, crises are not always rendered bad.During these times, we can stop the race of fast economy to speculate about some fundamental iues of humanity such as how much high-speed development in this way can contribute to the well-being of human life.Just take my own country for instance.Of course, in the past two decades or so, our economy has gained the highest speed man has experienced.But haven\'t we paid too much? Our rivers are polluted.Our natural resources are shrinking.Our national power of creation is drained.Is it worthy of it? Isn\'t it high time we gave it a serious thought? Shouldn\'t we stop making ourselves long in quantity and short in quality? And chance of deep thought has come with this crisis, which is now deepening in most parts of the world.
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Crisis sometimes contributes to our life treasure in a way that few can imagine.It can weather us and make us strong enough to face ourselves when we feel weak.Eric, my uncle is a case in point.He had hard time in his childhood going through such a fatal disease that he had never thought he could survive.He was in due course saved by doctors.Ever since then he regarded his life as a second given by God and has been so grateful to the world that he has been doing whatever he can to give back in the same measure to other fellows.And now he is living a happy and succeful life.
As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past leons if not forgotten can be good teachers for us all.If we can bear in mind the various sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then our sufferings will not go unrewarded and those of our compatriots who was killed in the earthquake did not die in vain.We should take the leons from crisis and regard them as a chance for new growth.
17.Buying or Borrowing Books?
Books are close friends of humanity.They can arm us with knowledge and information we need to make succe of life.Through books we can obtain skills and techniques for survival and development.Through books we can enlighten our spirits and live a fuller life.There are generally two ways in which we can have acce to books: borrowing or buying.While millions are borrowing books, I still think buying them best suits me and gives me the greatest enjoyment.
Admittedly, there are a few merits for borrowing books.For one thing, borrowing books can save us huge amounts of money.And of course, with the money saved we can do other more worthy things .And also, as we borrow books from the library and friends, we normally have deadline to finish them, and consequently we can read more books in a limited time.And we can, above all, better our efficiency of our reading, just as a famous Chinese saying goes, “books can not be read unle borrowed.”
However, some advantages for buying books are more obvious and compelling.One of them, definitely not shared by the choice of borrowing books, is the abundance of freedom that buying books can offer us.Since we can keep the books as long as we wish, we can read as much as we want.Another strength of owing books is that we can take whatever notes on the margin of the pages of the books.And finally, the proce of selecting and keeping books can be a great fun that borrowing books can by no means offer.
While borrowing books can, to some extent, quench our thirst for knowledge, buying books gives us greater pleasure of selecting and keeping the best of the world treasure.Can we think of any thing else more delightful and rewarding?
18. TV—Bleing or Curse?
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Few things in the modern world have so much influence on people as the television does.Being besieged with TV news, absorbing teleplays, well-masterminded programmes, one can easily conclude that TV is a real bleing to the human society, offering affluent entertainment and information.Yet, convenient and helpful as it is, the television also brings negative effects.
To begin with, TV makes people more paive than before: since everything on TV is ready-made, there is no space for audience’s initiatives.The news has been carefully edited, teleplays well shot, programmes rehearsed, so all you need to do—and all you can do is to sit on a comfortable sofa and look at the screen.Though a lot of people enjoy doing this, the undoubted truth is that people are becoming more paive simply because there is no interaction and no efforts on them.
Television also contributes to the fact that people nowadays are more distant to each other.Since most of our free time is taken away by the act of watching TV, we can no longer find enough time to visit friends, call on relatives or go to interesting places.This is also true within a family, parents and children and other members are le close to each other, because family get-togethers and conversations are disturbed by TV—when one member is watching TV, he would like others to keep quiet.
Of course I am not denying the great conveniences and huge benefits the TV brings us, but to make it a really bleing to us, we should try to avoid its negative effects.
推荐第5篇：英语专业四级复习计划
英语专业四级复习计划
其实由于每个人的具体情况不同，没有办法给你制定具体几点到几点的复习计划。我也曾是个英语专业生，专业四级花了很多精力，老实说真的很难，要是想在一两个月内有很大的提高不太可能，当然，要看你的英语基础了。但我觉得我的复习方法有的你还时可以借鉴的，你可以看看，希望有所帮助。
怎么将这么多内容的复习融为一体呢。制定一个详细的复习计划就变的非常必要了。造我看来，复习切忌拉长线。虽然我刚刚说四年级的同学已经可以开始复习了，但那个复习实际上只是基本功的准备。准备的太早，既浪费了时间，也没有达到理想的效果。真正的复习备考一般在考试前的半年或一年。具体分为六个阶段：
一． 摸底阶段。所谓知己知彼，百战百胜。在开始复习前首先了解自己的英语状况是非常必要的。建议找一篇最新的四级试卷，严格的按照考试要求做一遍，注意卡时间。然后按照参考答案自己给自己改卷子，看看你到底能得多少分，每个部分各得了多少分，正确率是多少。通过这样的测试，你可以真切知道自己的优劣点在那里，从而做到有的放矢。要是第一次做卷子的结果很不好，也不要灰心，要知道，复习才刚刚开始，在两个月的密集复习中，你的成绩会有很大的提高的。
二． 各个击破阶段。在开始做一套套的试卷前，先对每个单项进行训练。给自己制定一个详细的时间表，比如说星期一干什么，星期二干什么。更甚者，具体到早上干什么，下午晚上干什么。这样，复习起来就会非常有目的性，不会盲目了。记住，你的时间表一定要针对自己的作息时间和生活规律，如果早上比较清醒，就做一些需要集中注意力的项目，比如说听力。还有，今日事，今日毕，每天制定的任务一定要完成，千万不要把今天的任务放到明天做，否则打乱了复习计划，对你今后的复习有影响。在完成了当天的任务后，可以适当的放松，调试一下心情。此外，每个星期，按照考试要求做一整套试卷，检验各个单项部分做题的效果，这个阶段大概是两个月。
三． 专项训练阶段。进行了一段时间的单项训练后，每个部分的优劣点进一步明显。这时针对弱点的专项训练就非常有必要了。在每天复习的四个小时（或者更长时间中），挪出一半的时间进行有针对的练习，仔细体会做题的技巧，理解参考答案的详细解释。另外，把做错的题都做上记号，以便以后进行回顾复习。注意，在这个阶段中，其他单项的训练仍然继续，只是根据自己的具体情况进行了增加或减少。每个星期一套的试卷也继续练习，以保持对考试的整体感觉。这个阶段为两个月。
四． 集中攻关阶段。在进行了单项训练和专项训练后，接下来要做的就是对试卷的整体把握。最好的方法还是做试卷。之前虽然一星期也有做一套试卷，但强度还是不够的。在最后的三个月里，要大量的做历年的考试真题和模拟题。这里所说的做题不光是做题，还要把你做过的每道题都弄懂弄透，做到融会贯通，举一反三。做题时还是要根以前一样，严格按照考试要求来，一次做完一整套试卷，再检验结果，标上正确率和分数。这个阶段大概也是三个月。
五． 补充复习阶段。距离考试的最后一个月，不要再去做新的试题，我想在之前的复习中你已经做的足够多了。这个月你要做的就是将之前所做的各种练习拿出来仔细看一遍。因为你以前犯过的错误很有可能再犯一遍，看错题实际上就在复习新题。
六． 大玩特完阶段。考试的前一天至进考场的前一分钟，不要再思考关于考试的任何事情（当然不包括准备考试用具），做你最想做的事情或者做能让你放松的事情，比如上网，听歌啊。考试时心态很重要，以完全放松的状态去考试结果是最好的。有很多同学再考试之前准备很充分，但进了考场就懵了，这样当然不会考出好成绩。切记在考试前不要问自己或周围同学关于作文题目啊，单词拼写这类的问题，也不要去回答别人这样的问题，只要相信自己就好了。否则，你会突然发现自己有好多单词不会写，作文也不知道怎么写，对自己的自信心是一个强烈的打击。
推荐第6篇：英语专业四级复习计划
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doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。英语专业四级复习计划
其实由于每个人的具体情况不同， 没有办法给你制定具体几点到几点的复习计划。 我也曾是个英语专业生，专业四级花了很多精力，老实说真的很难，要是想在一 两个月内有很大的提高不太可能，当然，要看你的英语基础了。但我觉得我的复习方法有的你还时可以借鉴的，你可以看看，希望有所帮助。 怎么将这么多内容的复习融为一体呢。 制定一个详细的复习计划就变的非常必要 了。造我看来，复习切忌拉长线。虽然我刚刚说四年级的同学已经可以开始复习了，但那个复习实际上只是基本功的准备。准备的太早，既浪费了时间，也没有 达到理想的效果。真正的复习备考一般在考试前的半年或一年。具体分为六个阶 段：
一． 摸底阶段。所谓知己知彼，百战百胜。在开始复习前首先了解自己的英语 状况是非常必要的。建议找一篇最新的四级试卷，严格的按照考试要求做一遍， 注意卡时间。然后按照参考答案自己给自己改卷子，看看你到底能得多少分，每 个部分各得了多少分，正确率是多少。通过这样的测试，你可以真切知道自己的 优劣点在那里，从而做到有的放矢。要是第一次做卷子的结果很不好，也不要灰 心，要知道，复习才刚刚开始，在两个月的密集复习中，你的成绩会有很大的提 高的。 二． 各个击破阶段。在开始做一套套的试卷前，先对每个单项进行训练。给自 己制定一个详细的时间表，比如说星期一干什么，星期二干什么。更甚者，具体 到早上干什么，下午晚上干什么。这样，复习起来就会非常有目的性，不会盲目 了。记住，你的时间表一定要针对自己的作息时间和生活规律，如果早上比较清 醒，就做一些需要集中注意力的项目，比如说听力。还有，今日事，今日毕，每 天制定的任务一定要完成，千万不要把今天的任务放到明天做，否则打乱了复习计划，对你今后的复习有影响。在完成了当天的任务后，可以适当的放松，调试 一下心情。此外，每个星期，按照考试要求做一整套试卷，检验各个单项部分做 题的效果，这个阶段大概是两个月。 三． 专项训练阶段。进行了一段时间的单项训练后，每个部分的优劣点进一步 明显。这时针对弱点的专项训练就非常有必要了。在每天复习的四个小时（或者 更长时间中），挪出一半的时间进行有针对的练习，仔细体会做题的技巧，理解 参考答案的详细解释。另外，把做错的题都做上记号，以便以后进行回顾复习。 注意，在这个阶段中，其他单项的训练仍然继续，只是根据自己的具体情况进行 了增加或减少。每个星期一套的试卷也继续练习，以保持对考试的整体感觉。这 个阶段为两个月。 四． 集中攻关阶段。在进行了单项训练和专项训练后，接下来要做的就是对试 卷的整体把握。最好的方法还是做试卷。之前虽然一星期也有做一套试卷，但强 度还是不够的。在最后的三个月里，要大量的做历年的考试真题和模拟题。这里 所说的做题不光是做题，还要把你做过的每道题都弄懂弄透，做到融会贯通，举 一反三。 做题时还是要根以前一样， 严格按照考试要求来， 一次做完一整套试卷， 再检验结果，标上正确率和分数。这个阶段大概也是三个月。
五． 补充复习阶段。距离考试的最后一个月，不要再去做新的试题，我想在之 前的复习中你已经做的足够多了。 这个月你要做的就是将之前所做的各种练习拿 出来仔细看一遍。因为你以前犯过的错误很有可能再犯一遍，看错题实际上就在 复习新题。 六． 大玩特完阶段。考试的前一天至进考场的前一分钟，不要再思考关于考试 的任何事情（当然不包括准备考试用具），做你最想做的事情或者做能让你放松 的事情，比如上网，听歌啊。考试时心态很重要，以完全放松的状态去考试结果 是最好的。有很多同学再考试之前准备很充分，但进了考场就懵了，这样当然不 会考出好成绩。切记在考试前不要问自己或周围同学关于作文题目啊，单词拼写 这类的问题，也不要去回答别人这样的问题，只要相信自己就好了。否则，你会 突然发现自己有好多单词不会写，作文也不知道怎么写，对自己的自信心是一个 强烈的打击。
推荐第7篇：英语专业四级考试
英语专业四级考试
求助编辑百科名片
英语专业四级考试（TEM-4，Test for English Majors-4），全称为全国高校英语专业四级考试。自1991年起由中国大陆教育部实行，考察全国综合性大学英语专业学生。考试内容涵盖英语听、读、写、译各方面。笔试形式考核，无口试。
目录
考试大纲一.考试目的
二.考试的性质与范围
三.考试时间与命题
四.考试形式
五.考试内容
六.及格标准
TEM 4专业四级考试题型
TEM4专业四级评分要求考试大纲 一.考试目的
二.考试的性质与范围
三.考试时间与命题
四.考试形式
五.考试内容
六.及格标准
TEM 4专业四级考试题型
TEM4专业四级评分要求
展开
1a对话 客观题 10
b陈述 客观题 10
c新闻 客观题 10
20
30
20
vi
a作文 主观题 1
b写便条 主观题 1
(a)要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上逐字逐句写出全篇短文。 (b)拼写和标点符号正确无误，错误率不超过8％。
(c)考试时间15分钟。
(a)能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活、社会生活的讲演或交谈和难度相当于toefl中的minitalk等中等难度听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点或情节，能根据所听材料进行推理和分析。
(b)能听懂voa和bbc国际新闻的主要内容。 (c)考试时间约15分钟。
要求考生在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。考试时间为15分钟。
(a)能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一级至四级的全部内容。
(b)熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表对一级至四级规定的5000--6000个认识词汇中的2000--2500个
词汇及其最基本的搭配。
(c)考试时间15分钟。
(a)阅读理解： (i)能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意。 (ii)了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
(iii)既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论。 (iv)既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
(b)考试时间25分钟。
(a)要求根据所出的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲)写一篇150词左右的短文。能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。考试时间35分钟。
(b)写便条：要求根据提示写大约50--60词的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确，语言得体。考试时间10分钟。
推荐第8篇：英语专业四级写作评分标准
专业四级写作评分标准
满分15分，分项可以打0.5分。
A.思想与表达 (ideas and argument) 7分
满分7分，其中6-7分为优秀，4-5分良好，3分一般，1-2分较差。
1.思想内容（idea content）
a.内容切题
b.内容充实
c.观点明确
d.论据支持论点
e.有独到见解
2.表达效果 （effectivene）
a.表达清晰
b.有说服力
3.篇章组织结构（rhetorical organization）
a.每段有主题句
b.句间衔接自然
c.段间过渡自然
d.第一部分明确提出观点
e.最后一部分自然得出结论
f.段落排列合理
B.语言运用能力(language use) 6分
满分6分，其中6分为优秀，4-5分良好，3分一般，1-2分较差。
1.准确性（correctne）
a.语法正确
b.句子结构正确
c.固定搭配正确
d.用词准确
2.丰富性 （richne）
a.词汇丰富
b.句子形式多样
3.得体性（appropratene)
a.语气恰当
b.语言地道
4.流利度（fluency）
完成规定词数
超出200词过多扣一分；完成规定内容，字数少于170词扣一分；未完成任务的不仅扣字数分，也要从内容上扣分。
只有topic sentence, 没有supporting points，一般只能得3-5分
C.写作规范(mechanics) 2分
满分2分，其中2分优秀，1.5分良好，1分一般，0.5分较差
a.单词拼写正确
b.标点符号正确
c.大小写正确
d.书写美观
e.卷面整洁
推荐第9篇：英语专业四级语法试题
2005--2009英语专业四级语法试题
一、虚拟语气
If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005-51)
B.will have beenC.wasD.were
If only I _____ play the guitar as well as you! (2006-52)
A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might
It’s high time we _____ cutting down the rainforests.(2006-54)
B.had to stopC.should stopD.stop
It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(2006-59)
A.attractsB.shall attractD.has attract
If only the patient _____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.(2007-54)
A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving
It is absolutely eential that William ______ his study in spite of learning difficulties.(2007-65)
A.will continueB.continuedD.continues
Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.(2008-52)
A.would be gettingC.must getD.would get
If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(2009-52)
A.could have beenC.will beD.would have been
二、状语从句
_____, Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working cla.(2005-52)
A.Although he is a socialistB.Even if he is a socialist
C.Being a socialistD.Since he is a socialist
He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ______ that he paid me back the following week.(2005-64)
A.on occasionB.on purposeD.only if
_____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very succeful top executive.(2006-51)
A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsMen differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.(2008-54)
A.for whichB.for thatC.in thatD.in which
____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his
aignment.(2008-55)
A.Much thoughC.As muchD.Though much
I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.(2008-56)
A.whenB.whichD.where
_____ the bo says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.(2009-54)B.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However
三、不定式
His remarks were _____ annoy everybody at the meeting.(2005-53)
A.so as toC.such toD.as much as to
Linda was _____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.(2007-55)
A.to startC.to be startingD.to have been starting
四、时态
James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ____ until yesterday.(2005-54)
A.will comeC.had been comingD.came
_____ conscious of my moral obligation as a citizen.(2005-55)
A.I was and always will beB.I have to be and always will be
C.I had been and always will beThe committee has anticipated the problems that ______ in the road construction project.(2007-58)
A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseThe student said there were a few points in the eay he ______ impoible to
comprehend.(2007-59)B.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen
In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.(2008-63)
A.would makeB.had madeC.madeD.makes
五、助动词
I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ____ the journey in exactly two days.(2005-57)
A.must makeB.must have madeD.could make
Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _____ an opportunity to hear the speech.(2006-56)
A.ought to haveB.must haveD.should have
I am surprised _____ this city is a dull place to live in.(2006-57)
B.by what you are thinking
C.that you would thinkD.with what you were thinking
“ You _____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.(2007-53)
B.shouldC.mustD.can
She ______ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.(2007-56)
A.must beB.had beenC.could beHe would have finished his college education, but he ______ to quit and find a job to support his
family.(2007-60)
A.had hadB.hasD.would have
Which of the following sentences exprees \"probability\"? (2008-65)
A.You must leave immediately.
B.You must be feeling rather tired.
C.You must be here by eight o\'clock.
D.You must complete the reading aignment on time.
She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.(2009-53)
A.had beenB.must beC.has been
六、名词
Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _____ than Tim.(2005-59)
A.much more sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman
It was ______ we had hoped.(2006-64)
A.more a succe thanB.a succe more than
C.as much of a succe asD.a succe as much as
七、代词
I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _____ stupid.(05-58)
A.something butB.anything butC.nothing butD.not but
Our aociation, which has consistently preed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.(2008-51)
A.theirB.ourC.hisD.its
八、短语动词
The meeting was put off because we _____ a meeting without John.(2005-62)
A.objected havingB.were objected to having
C.objected to have
九、倒装
____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.(2005-63)
A.If, hadB.Have, hadD.In case, had
十、there be存在句
What’s the chance of ____ a general election this year? (2005-61)
B.there to beC.there beD.there going to be
It is not uncommon for there ______ problems of communication between the old and the young.(07-63)
A.beingB.would beC.be
十一、定语从句
The party, _____ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.(2006-53)
A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichThere are as good fish in the sea _____ ever came out of it.(2007-51)
I was very interested in _____ she told me.(2009-56)B.all whichC.all whatD.that
A.thanB.likeD.so
十二、副词
Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not _____ for her work.(2006-58)
A.enough goodC.as good enoughD.good as enough
My daughter has walked eight miles today.We never gueed that she could walk ____ far.(2006-61)
A./B.suchD.as
十三、限定词
Land belongs to the city; there is _____ thing as private ownership of land.(2006-60)
A.no such aB.not suchC.not such aD.no such
Which of the following is INCORRECT? (2008-57)
A.All his lectures were boring.C.Her few friends are all fond of dancing.
B.Half his money was gone.D.He invited many his friends to the party.十四、主谓一致
The statistics _____ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006-62)
A.provesB.is provingC.are provingAll the President’s Men_____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.(2007-52) 书名
A.remainC.remainedD.is remaining
十五、ing分词
There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _____ the spoilt ones.(2006-63)
A.not countingB.not to countC.don’t countD.having not counted What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?(2009-51)
A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be taking
十六、反意疑问句
There used to be a petrol station near the park, _____? (2006-65)
A.didn’t itB.doesn’t itC.usedn’t it.didn’t there
When you have finished with that book, don\'t forget to put it back on my desk, _____?(2008-58)
A.do youB.don\'t youC.will youD.won\'t you
十七、比较结构
It is not ______ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to
understand.(2007-57)
A.thatB.soC.soD.very
Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ______ a threat to the
human race than environmental destruction.(2007-62)
A.no moreC.even moreD.much more
The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St.Peter\'s in
Rome.(2008-64)B.that ofC.which isD.of
A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.(2009-55)
A.the price of three timesB.three times the price
C.as much as the three times priceD.three times more than the price
十八、被动语态
The research requires more money than ______ .(2007-61)
A.have been put inC.being put inD.to be put in
十九、ed分词
______ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate.(2007-64)
A.LookingB.LookedC.Being lookedD.To look
二
十、名词从句
Nine is to three _____ three is to one.(2008-53)
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what
Quality is ____ counts most.(2008-62)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where
2009英语专业四级语法试题
57.We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.(2009-57)
A.strange whyB.it strange whatC.it strange thatD.that strange
58.It is going to be fine tomorrow._______.(2009-58)B.So it is.C.So it does.D.So does it.
59.Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.(2009-59)
A.she caredB.she may careC.may she care60.The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.(2009-60)
A.whenB.asC.untilD.than
61.Aren\'t you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.(2009-61) A.should have thoughtB.must have thought
C.might have thoughtD.could have thought
62.\"It seems that she was there at the conference.\" The sentence means that（2009-62）
A.she seems to be there at the conference.
B.she seemed to be there at the conference.D.she seemed to being there at the conference.
推荐第10篇：全国英语专业四级听写
Throughout history, man has changed his physical environment to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology, man has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed woodland into farmland.He has modified the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However, these changes in the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today, pollution of the air and water is a danger to the health of the planet.Each day, thousands of tons of gases come out of vehicles.Smoke in factory polluted the air of industrialized areas and surrounding countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea, pollution from oil is killing a lot of sea plants and fish.It is now neceary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.
第11篇：英语专业四级听写001
Town and Country Life in England
There is a big difference between town life and country life in England.In the country, everybody knows everybody else.They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner.If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.
In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him.People in London are often very lonely.This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends.If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people.One is sorry for old people living on their own.They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.
第12篇：英语专业四级复习攻略
2017英语专业四级复习攻略
2017英语专业四级听写
英语专业四级听力听写题要求考生在全面理解录音内容的基础上逐词逐句写出所听材料的内容，主要考查考生的听力理解能力、拼写熟练程度以及正确运用标点符号的能力。根据官方发布的改革说明，听写题并没有大的改变。但笔者通过研究官方发布的样卷发现，样卷中听写材料的长度为91个单词，比历年专四真题听写材料的长度(150词左右)减少了1/3，考试时间从原来的15分钟减至10分钟。由此可见，改革后的听写题其实降低了难度。
2017英语专业四级听写复习攻略
听写题是很多考生都比较畏惧的题型，得分率在听力各题型中往往最低。针对听写题，比较有效的训练方法是每1~2天做一次“精听”听写训练。复习前期，考生可以广泛选取各种材料(但不宜选取生词、俗语过多以及长度过长的材料)进行听写，反复播放音频材料，边听边记，直至记下自己能听懂、能确定的每一个细节(包括标点)，然后核对文稿，标出错误。考生随后要分析自己出错的地方(如拼写错误、认识却不熟悉发音的单词、理解有误的意群等)，找出解决办法，并通过长期训练克服这些问题，提高听写水平。冲刺阶段，考生可将训练材料换成专四真题或模拟题，尽可能熟悉题型，锻炼解题技巧。此外，考生在作答时一定要放松心态，减轻心理压力，以便发挥最佳水平。笔者还有一点要提醒考生：改革之前听写题的检查时间为2分钟，现在减为1分钟，因此，考生在作答时不要太急于下笔，尽可能确保所写答案的正确率，同时注意书写工整，以减少修改所需的时间。
2017英语专业四级听力理解
改革后的听力理解题共包含两项：讲座(Talk)和会话(Conversations)，其中讲座是新增题型。原来的新闻听力(News Broadcast)和段落(Paages)均被取消。讲座主要采用填空题(Listening and Gap Filling)的考查形式，由一个约500词的微型讲座和一项填空任务组成，要求考生边听讲座边记笔记，然后完成填空题，考试时间为10分钟，讲座录音只播放一遍。填空题的内容相当于讲座的内容提要，共10道题，要求考生根据讲座信息填入相关的实词单词或词组，每个空不超过3个单词。该题型与专八考试(TEM 8)听力中Mini-lecture的格局相似，但难度较低，主要考查考生的听力理解能力和做笔记、整理信息的能力。
2017英语专业四级听力理解复习攻略
不少考生觉得这一新题型很难，其实不然。根据题目要求，考生在听讲座录音之前有30秒的时间预览填空题，这就相当于看着讲座的内容提要听录音，考生可以事先了解自己需要重点听哪些信息。另一条题目要求表明，该部分题目的答案并不唯一，考生只要填入语义和语法都正确的答案即可得分。
2017英语专业四级听力会话
会话题是专四考试的传统题型，由两段约450个单词的会话组成，每段会话后有5道单选题，每道题后有10秒的间隙供考生作答，会话和问题都只读一遍。该题型唯一的变化在于试卷上只显示选项，不再显示问题，需要考生自己听问题并作答，这与大学英语
四、六级考试的听力考查形式相似。
2017英语专业四级听力会话复习
试卷上不再显示问题看似会对考生不利，但改革前每道题后只有5秒钟的间隙，改革后每道题后有10秒的间隙，考生用于听问题并解答的时间其实是增多了。专四会话考查的内容比较广泛，涉及多种英语口音(如英音、美音、澳大利亚口音等)以及英美国家的文化、习惯、习俗等。因此，考生在平时练习中要加强泛听，通过大量的输入来接触各种语言现象和背景知识。
2017英语专业四级语言知识
语言知识题就是改革之前的语法与词汇题(Grammar and Vocabulary)，仍采用单选题的考查形式，主要考查考生的词汇运用能力和基本语法、句法的掌握情况。此部分的变化主要是题量的减少和单题分值的增加。改革前此部分共30道题，每题0.5分;改革后此部分变为20道题，每题1分。20道题中一半是词汇和短语题，一半是语法和句法题。
2017英语专业四级语言知识复习攻略
值得考生注意的是，改革后语言知识题的总分值增加了5分，与阅读理解部分的总分值(20分)相等，两部分的考试时间都是10分钟。因此，考生只要针对这部分多加练习，通过反复做真题总结错误原因，一点一滴地积累词汇、语法和句法知识，就有可能得满分，这可比在阅读理解部分得满分要容易得多。笔者通过分析历年真题发现，同义辨析、近义词、常用词根词缀、常用词组搭配、从句引导词、逻辑连词、形近词等都是该部分常考的考点，也是考生容易失分的地方，考生可以做些有针对性的专题训练。
2017英语专业四级阅读理解
改革后的阅读理解题由总长度约1800个单词的四篇阅读材料组成，考试时间由原来的25分钟增至35分钟，考查形式为10道单选题和5道简答题(Short Answer Questions)，每种题型各占10分。其中，简答题是新增题型，答案长度不能超过10个单词。
2017英语专业四级阅读理解复习攻略
新增的简答题肯定会引起不少考生的恐慌。不过，该题型在2006~2012年的大学英语六级阅读中出现过，考生可以先找出这几年的六级真题练练手，做个“热身练习”。其实，从篇数和时间上看，改革后阅读理解的篇数并没有增加，考试的时间却多了10分钟，所以考生并没有额外的阅读负担。
2017英语专业四级写作
改革后的写作部分取消了原有的小作文，只要求考生根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等写一篇200词左右的大作文。这对绝大多数考生而言简直是“喜大普奔”，考生再也不用因写小作文而耗费过多的时间，进而影响答题速度和大作文的完成质量了。尽管写作部分只有大作文，但该部分的分值却增加了5分，答题时间仍为45分钟。
2017英语专业四级写作复习攻略
由于小作文被取消，考生平时应加强大作文的写作训练。训练过程中，考生要注意以下几点。第一，认真审题。大作文的第一个评分标准就是切题，所以审题特别关键。大作文都是命题作文，有时还附有一段材料。因此，考生必须仔细思考题目，认真阅读材料，了解命题的基本要求，理解作文题的真正意图，然后理清思路，对自己要写的内容进行构思(包括观点要点、行文逻辑、例证材料等)，确保自己要写的内容不跑题。第二，合理组织写作结构。初步构思之后，考生应根据大体构思组织观点、材料，合理安排段落，使文章条理清晰、结构合理、内容连贯。第三，写作完成后对文章进行最后的修改。写完作文后，考生应检查拼写、时态、语态、标点、数的一致性及指代关系等，并对错误之处进行修改，减少扣分。
第13篇：英语专业四级写作技巧1
英语专业四级写作技巧
第一讲
一、专四作文写作的整体思路：五步走
审题 联想 谋篇 写作 修改定稿
1.1审题
审题即仔细审查 题目内容，弄清楚题目的要求。
审题的过程中药找到关键词和短语。
情景/现象（题目内容）+问题（关键词和短语）
1.2联想
审题完成，确定文章的中心思想后，接下来就要在对题目正确认识的基础上进行联想，构思选材。考生应放开思路，在脑海里找寻与题目有关的信息材料，比如，听过的类似的故事、新闻、数据、学习过的文章资料等。
联想应：结合实际，从问题出发。
1.3谋篇
谋篇有助于考生理清思路，合理安排作文结构和写作实际，以避免出现漏洞，造成无可挽回的后果。
谋篇阶段要把想法组织成一个篇章规划。通常把列出的细节进行归类，看看哪些材料放在第一段 ，哪些材料放在第二段，哪些省去不用。
另外，因为时间有限，所以草拟提纲时不必太正式，只要列出要电脑，理清结构，即可。 主论点+分论点+各分论点的论据
1.4写作
关键： 有限的语言是否言之有物，表达是否切题且有力度。
要点： 1.在第一段要写出有气势的开篇句。
2.注意中间拓展段和结论段的段首句和层次感。
3.写出有特色的片尾结束句。
4.注意笔迹工整。
1.5修改定稿
润饰语言文字；纠正明显的语法和拼写等低级错误。
二、专四作文中常用的过渡词
构成时间关系的过渡词有： first ,in the first place, since then,therafter,therefore,
lately ,later, meanwhile, at last等。
构成空间关系的过渡词有：before, behind ,below, between, beyond, farther,in
front of ,near to, next to ,over,under, up, close to等。
举例或者例证法常用的过渡词有：for example, for instance, for one thing, for
another, to illustrate,one example is, to begin with, first,second, furthermore, besides,in addition, moreover, finally ,in conclusion, in summary, also, a case in point , as an illustration, namly, that is等。
比较和对比法常用的过渡词有： like, likewise, unlike, similarly, in the same way, on
the other hand, compare with ,by comparison, in contrast to ,on the
contrary,but ,yet ,instead,while, whereas,however,neverthele,although, even though, conversely,different form, equally important, in spite of ,instead , in the same manner ,still等。
三、提纲式作文的三大类型
按照话题的性质，提纲式作文可分为3个类型：对比选择型、给定观点型、自由发挥型
对比选择型
对比选择型的题目，在提出一个话题后，通常给出有关这个话题的两种观点或者两种选择，然后要求考生分析对比两个观点或者两种选择的优缺点，从二者中选一种作为自己作文的论点，并论证其正确性。
对比选择型的考试真题
1999 年真题A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on TV 1995年真题The Advantages and Disadvantages of Part-time Jobs
1994年真题TV：a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?
2009年真题Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?
2006年真题Saving Money or Using Tomorrow\'s Money?
给定观点型
给定观点型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，同时也给定了关于这个话题的一种观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点作为作文的论点进行论证。这种类型作文的关键是如何能够很好的论证给定的观点。
给定观点型真题
2008年真题 The Benefits for Volunteering
2003年真题 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood
2001年真题 Travel Broadens the Mind
2000年真题 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities
自由发挥型
自由发挥型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，有可能会提供一些大家对此话题的观点和看
法，要求考生通过利用已给的材料做出自己的分析，然后发挥想象力，提出并论证自己
的观点。题目对考生的观点不做限定，只要不离开给出的话题即可。
考生既可以从题目给出的观点中选一个作为自己的观点，也可以自己提出一个题目没有
提供的想法。
自由发挥型真题
2005年真题
My Idea of a University Art Festival
2002年真题
The Best Way to Stay Healthy
1998年真题
One Way to Solve the Problem
大作文五大写作模板
A评论型----Advantage and Disadvantage
真题1999 A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on TV
写作要点
1.先引出话题（如指出不同人对于电视广告有不同看法），再提出自己的看法（如认为
电视广告让消费者更好地了解同类产品，从而做出明智的选择）。
2.举例说明电视广告怎么帮助消费者选购所需品。
3.（不同的语言表达方式）重申自己的观点，总结上面的讨论。
B 解决问题型-----How to Solve 型
真题1998
It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks,etc) are a major source of
air pollution in cities.You are to suggest only One Way to Solve the Problem. 写作提纲
1.先引出话题（如指出人们公认在城市里汽车是空气污染的主要来源），再提出自己的
解决方案。
2.给出主题句（如用电代替汽油有多重好处），然后侧重讨论两大好处（如电作为动力
来源是清洁的、几乎是永不枯竭的，因次我们可以无须限制用车）。
3.（用不同的语言表达）重申自己的观点，总结上面讨论。
C.因果型------Why
因果型作文模式主要用于，题目是一个图标，或者提出一种社会现象，要求说明解释这
个图表或者现象。
真题2001Travel Broadens the Mind旅游拓宽视野
写作提纲
1.先引出话题（如指出旅游已经成为我们生活的一部分，人们已经逐步认识到它的重
要性），再提出自己对旅游的看法。
2.从自身经历中举例说明旅游是如何开拓人的视野的
3.（用不同的语言表达）重申自己的观点，总结上面讨论。并可以引申，如旅游如读书，
可以增长人的见识。
D分析型----my view
真题1997
More Preure From Academic Studies Does/Does Not Do Good to Us 写作提纲
1.先引出话题（如课堂讨论学习压力对学生的影响问题），再提出自己的看法。
2.陈数2大理由，说明为什么自己持相反的观点（如压力是一种必不可少的动力来源，
目前学生的压力并不够大）。
3.（用不同的语言表达）重申自己的观点，总结上面讨论。并可以引申，（如指出正确
对待压力并不会压垮我们）
E比较型----A or B
题目要求通过比较2个事物，来说明作者的观点，如喜欢那个，反对那个。
真题1996 The Main Difference Between My College Life And Middle School Life 写作提纲
1.先引出话题，在提出自己的看法（如二者的一个主要区别自傲与学生的独立程度不同）。
2.分别讨论中学生活和大学生活在独立性方面的差异，然后指出自己更喜爱大学生活，因为自己更希望独立。
3.（用不同的语言表达）重申自己的观点，总结上面讨论。并可以引申，（如希望新生入学后注意培养自己的独立性）
第14篇：英语专业四级考试流程
2012年英语专业2010级
英语专业四级模拟考试流程
英语专业四级（TEM4）
考试日期：2012年4月21日
考试时间：8:30——10:45（中途无休息）
考试流程：
8:15进场，监考老师检查准考证，身份证，学生证。（考试正式开始15分钟后，迟到考生不得进入考场。考试正式开始后30分钟后，考生才准交卷离开考场。）
8:20(考试开始前10分钟)，监考老师发答题卡,ANSWER SHEET ONE（听写答卷）,TWO(模考即机读卡),THREE（作文与便条），草稿纸。
8:25,监考老师发试卷册。
一.听力(35min)：8:30—9:05
I.DICTATION 开始放音，做在主观答题卡ANSWER SHEET ONE上。听写共念四遍，最后音频留出2分钟的时间让学生检查听写。
II.Listening Comprehension
a.CONVERSATION 3篇左右，10道题
b.PASSAGES3篇左右，10道题
c.NEWS BROADCAST4篇左右，10道题
在试卷发下后，争取时间把第II部分的题目都看个仔细。速度快的考生，也可以抓紧做后面的阅读。约9:05监考老师收主观答题卡ANSWER SHEET ONE DICTATION）。
二.完形填空(15min)：9:05—9:2020道题
三.语法及词汇(15min)：9:20—9:3530道题
四.阅读理解(25min)：9:35—10:004篇文章，20道题
五.作文(45min)：10:00-10:45
a.大作文。
b.小作文。
（10:45最后一次收卷，监考老师收试题册，ANSWER SHEET THREE, 考试结束。 ）
提醒考生：
1.8:15进场。
2.带好准考证、学生证、身份证，2B铅笔，橡皮，黑色水笔。
3.考试时间较长，中途不休息，考前少喝水。
4.考试中途有两次收卷，注意合理安排时间，及时填图机读卡。
5.确保学校、姓名、准考证号那一块填涂无误。
第15篇：英语专业四级讲座策划书
2011年英语专业四级讲座策划人：Christine目录：
一、活动背景
二、活动的目的和意义
三、活动开展
四、讲座流程
五、工作安排
六、突发状况处理
七、细节补充
八、经费预算
九、注意事项
一活动背景
当我们刚刚迎来了春意盎然的春天，对我们英语专业尤为重要的英语专业四级考试就这样悄
悄地来临了！你是否感觉自己又处在了朦胧之中，是否感到大学如此茫然？英语专业四级是我们作为英语专业的学生必须经历的考试，但大学的英语学习和高中有所差别，到底我们应该如何应对呢？如何才能有方法、有效率的去自学呢？如果你想了解前人的宝贵经验，那就赶快来听讲座吧！此次讲座不仅对于即将走入我们专四考场的大二英语专业的同学有着很大的帮助，同时它对我们刚刚进入大学校门的，选择了我们英语专业的大一学生也有着举足轻重的作用，毕竟你们也将在明年的这个时候，迎接这场神圣的考试。
二活动的目的和意义
通过这次讲座，让同学们熟悉大学英语的学习方法，使同学们了解英语专业4级考试的形式、流程，加深对专四考试的了解，知己知彼，使同学们可以更好地，更有针对性地投入到英语学习中，提高学习效率。
三活动开展
1前期的宣传工作：讲座开展前一个星期（宣传部）
①制作三块有特色的讲座宣传板放在教学楼一楼，新老食堂门口，并在上面注明可签讲座卡。
②通知英语专业的辅导员，由他动员各班同学积极参加。
③定制两条横幅，一条挂在学院的主干道上，一条挂在讲座现场。
2.具体安排
时间：3月下旬
地点：报告厅
主题：英语专业四级讲座
内容：①先由去年经历过专四考试的大三同学进行经验介绍，这样可以缓解大二同学的考试
压力。
②找一位学院英语专业老师对专四考试进行全面剖析，内容紧绕英语专四考试，可以
有一些考试重难点，也可以有考试热点及考试时应注意的各种情况分析。
③可以以PPT的方式给大家展示如何科学考试，科学利用考试时间，同时也提醒大
家考试时应带的文具。
④邀请一位心理咨询师，给考生介绍一些缓解压力的方式，尽量使得每位考生能通过
这次讲座缓解自己的紧张情绪，释放考试压力。
⑤现场也可以邀请几位能歌善舞的同学，调节一下现场气氛。
⑥现场也可以设立自由提问环节，为即将进入专四考场的考生解答疑问。 主讲人（待定）
参会人员：大二英语专业的同学，大一英语专业的同学，外语系学生会成员等。活动对象：英语专业学生
活动负责人：外语系学生会组织部
主办方：外语系学生会
3.具体流程安排
联系主讲人
确定两三个专四成绩尤为突出的大三学长学姐
确定活动主持人
确定时间，地点
四讲座流程
1.外语系学生会秘书部工作人员组织同学按顺序进入会场。
2.主持人宣布活动开始并简要介绍讲座流程和讲座期间的纪律制度。
3．主持人介绍参会人员，学院老师代表简要发言。
4.主持人致辞欢迎主讲人到场，讲座开始。
5．主讲人讲座结束，由主持人宣布进入自由提问环节（可根据老师意愿选择此环节）
6主持人请学长学姐讲讲他们的学习经验。
7讲座结束，主持人致感谢词。
8引领主讲人、老师和学长学姐退场
9学生有序退场
10．活动结束后，分会干事简要开会总结活动开展情况，并做好会场卫生打扫工作。
五工作安排（学生会干事负责）
1.进入会场，确定电脑、话筒、音响等设备是否齐全并能够正常使用。（科创部）
2.将横幅挂在会场内，并且对会场进行简单布置。（英语交流部）
3.为主讲人、老师、学长学姐，提供饮料或水，做好会场服务。（秘书部）
4.人员现场照相。（科创部）
5.学习部成员写好讲座记录（讲座内容、场下同学反映），活动结束后写活动总结。
6.场外和场内的秩序维护工作。（日语交流部）
六突发状况处理
1、如果出现主讲晚到的情况，为了保持现场同学安静，可播放有关讲座内容的PPT。
2、报告开始前若出现观众少，座位多的情况，由工作人员组织同学坐中间。
3、讲座中主讲与观众交流时，需要话筒的传递。确定专人负责。
4、讲座进行时工作人员必须负责维持现场秩序。必要时主持人发挥作用
5、若提问环节出现冷场情况，主持人鼓励大家踊跃提问。
七细节补充
1.邀请函以及嘉宾牌的制作。
2.在邀请时与主讲老师商量讲座内容，并在讲座前做好PPT，协助主讲老师做好讲座前的讲课资料。
3.讲座开始前，主持人提醒与会人员将手机调为静音或关机；不要在会场内大声喧哗，出现不文明举止；并说明讲座进行过程中不允许进出。
4.提问环节有5个名额限制。
5.给主讲人、老师、学姐学长和保安准备相应的礼品。
八经费预算（外联部）
1.邀请函和嘉宾牌的制作：5元
2.宣传横幅打制作：一百元
3饮料或矿泉水的购买：50元
4.礼品的购买：两百元
总计：355元
九注意事项
1.若场内出现不服从工作人员安排，恶意挑事者交由工作人员带至相关人员前做相应处理。
2.若因为某些原因，讲座无法进行，则活动顺延。
3.本次活动最终解释权归外语系学生会所有。
第16篇：英语专业四级备考讲座
英语专业四级备考讲座
活动总结
在2009年英语专业四级公布成绩之际，我协会——阳光英语俱乐部从我院的实际出发，祝贺合格的同学，而为因某些因素而与合格失之交臂的同学加油助力，特邀请鼎泰语言学校的孙正海、彭翊二位特聘教师为我院同学讲授英语专业四级的备考策略。同时为全院同学献上我协会本学期的第一次大型活动——英语专业四级备考讲座。
在讲座开始之前，KJ-302教室早已座无虚席，甚至在走廊之中又加设了20余把椅子。当二位老师出现在会场时，全场气氛热烈起来。伴随着主持人对二位老师的介绍，在场同学对二位老师的钦佩艳羡之情油然而生。随后，主持人宣布讲座开始，全场气氛达到高潮。
首先上台讲授的是彭翊老师，他结合自己去新加坡、马来西亚学习考察的经历和自己学习英语的历程，为大家树立了学习英语要树立自信，相信自己一定会成功。并且，彭翊老师从词汇、听力的角度具体介绍了一些技法。接下来是孙正海老师，他首先从实际的角度出发点明英语专业四级的重要性，同时指出专四备考要树立正确、积极地态度。总结出写作、听力、阅读共同需要的能力——同义转换能力。并且要从我们平时的英语学习出发，勤查字典，注意在平时对相关解题技巧的总结与应用。孙老师还以真题为例，具体说明了解题方法的应用要点。
整场讲座有序进行，在时间到达20:30时，我们遗憾的结束了讲座。在同学们热烈的掌声中送走了二位老师。整场讲座从具体的词汇、听力、阅读理解、完形填空等实际的题型角度，二位老师介绍了相关的解题技法。同时二位老师结合自身的经历，以幽默的语言、具体的真题实例为我们传授了专四的备考策略。最终讲座圆满结束。
另：1.不足与改进：在本次讲座的筹备阶段，教室的审批问题提前处理好，使得
我们不得不从原来决定的B—102教室更换至KJ—302教室。在讲座开始之前，音响等设备的使用为处理好。在以后的工作中，应尽可能避免上述问题的再次出现，从而提高活动准备的效率化，活动效果的高质化。
2.附二位老师的简介：
彭翊，2006年于北京语言大学获“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲大赛北方地区决
赛亚军，2007年“CCTV杯”全国英语演讲大赛山西赛区冠军，同年3月于香港中文大学获得“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲大赛总决赛二等奖，5月参加“外研社”杯全国英语辩论赛。08年晋级中央电视台英文国际频道“CCTV杯”全国英语演讲大赛全国总决赛。09年应外语教学与研究出版社邀请赴新加坡、马来西亚等国考察学习。通过雅思考试（听力，阅读均8分）。
孙振海，英文名Sun, 山西师范大学硕士，硕士研究生入学考试成绩398分，
外语专业应用语言学及翻译专业，本科期间连续三年参加并组织中美文化交流活动，山西翻译协会会员，兼职口译、笔译，应邀参加第四届同声传译与翻译教学国际学术研讨会，通过上海市中级口译翻译资格考试。
阳光英语俱乐部
二〇〇九年十月十七日
英语专业四级备考讲座
活
动
总
结
阳光英语俱乐部
二〇〇九年十月十七日
第17篇：英语专业四级作文评分标准
四级作文
一、四级作文的要求、评分标准及评卷实例
(一)四级考试对作文的要求
《大学英语考试大纲》明确规定：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个的短文：写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定隋景，或给段首句续写；或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。
(二)四级考试作文评分原则。评分标准和评卷实例
1．评分原则．
四级考试作文采用总体评分(GLOBAL SCORING)的方法，即把内容和语言作为一个统一体进行综合评判。主要是看内容是否切题，表达是否充分，所用语言是否能清楚而明确地表达思想。评卷人员根据思想内容和语言表达的总体印象给出奖励分（REWARD SCORES），并不是按语言点错误的多少扣分。
2．评分标准
作文题满分为15分。
阅卷标准共分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。
2分——条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分——基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。
8分——基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。
11分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。
0分——白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。
阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数档次(如8分)相似，即定为(8分)，若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分(9分)或减一分(7分)，但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：
110--119词：扣1分； 100--109词：扣2分；90--99词：扣3分；80--89分：扣5分： 50以下词：扣9分
*作文最低分： 6分
题目： Bicycles: An Important Means of Transport in China
提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及
（2）和汽车的比较
（3）自行车在中国的前途 Score: 14
Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour,
you can see that thousands of people --man and woman, old and young--ride theft bicycles to work and study.That is why China is called \"the kingdom of bicycles.\"
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways.First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride.Second,
riding bicycle is good for health.Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution.Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive.They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car.Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.
In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is a developing country, and has a large population,
I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions.It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.
Score: 11
There millions of bicycles in today’s China.Bicycles are very important means of transport in people\' s daily lives.
Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider\' s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in
China.
Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable for China as a developing country.And a bicycle
has almost caused no pollution but a car has.On the countary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.
I think the population of China\' s bicycle will be kept for the long run.Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of
bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it\' s quality will be improved.
Score: 8
Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no
money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of
putting it.It doesn\'t ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land.It isn\' t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it.It doesn\' t need any oil, and it can\' t cause the polusion.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.
In the future, bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modem
bicycles.
Score: 5
Perhaps the amount of bicycle in China is the largest in the world.Why was it so widely used in China? I thought the answer was: the population in China is too large and the price of bicycle is much cheaper.The third answer is that the
bicycle is easier in using than other transportations.
Comparing with the car, the bicycle is cheaper and it is easier in using than the car, but its speed is lower than that of
the car.
The bicycle will be remained for a long time in China but in the end it will be disappeared with the improval of people\' s living level.
Scoer: 2
As every body know, China a big developing country.So, the living standard of people not very high at present people\' s income is not enough for they to buy cars motorcycles.And bike is easy to ride.Bicycle is cheaper be made.And I think
bicycle the useful tool of tsansport in China now.So, it is quite porpular and wildly used in China\'s cities and country sides than the personal transportation-tool.
Bike is a kind of clean tools of transport.It not use gas and other energers.For this reason it not creat polution.But in
fact in any way Bicycle is not advanced than car.If it is raining, the rider will suffer from wet, on the other hand, bike can not carry much goods.
According to the our country\' s developing rate.I firmly believe that Bicycle will replaced by car or motorcycle in that
nearly future.But undoubtfully it continue the important means of transport in China for a long time.
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Outline:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法
Score: 11
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree
with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books.Those
good books can give us pleasure and knowledge while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way.So they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one
aspect of knowledge.Even the best book only contains one field of information.So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”.So they believe that reading extensively is better.
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as poible.By this way, we can
increase the quality and quantity of reading.
Score:5
I think reading not only selectively but also extensively.Because the two sides arenot contradict．Our time is
limited．So we can not read every book in the world．However, we will not be interested in every book．We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like．But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge，news and so on，it also make ours become a wise man．0n the one hand
reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted．Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read．On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life．They are all useful to ours．
Score: 2
Most people thought that read books should have been selectived.But others belived reading extentively was correction.
Selective books or reading extensively?
Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,
on one hand, There are too book to read for us.We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for
us.
on another hand, Someone\' s intresting was wide.Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn\' t reading at
only one level.
I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren\'t wise.
As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and
helpful for us.Don\' t treat these books with rackle abandon.
The best technology of reading is connect.
Score: 14
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively? They argue that with the development of modern science and
technology, more and more books are published.It is impoible for us to read all the books.What\'s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn\'t read them.Since we can\'t read all the books and we shouldn\'t
read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree.They emphasize that today\'s society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of
knowledge he\'ll have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be usele.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Who\'s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we shouldread extensively first.We should read
books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.
Score: 8
Some people think reading shall be choosed.Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are
harmful to people.
Some people think that men shoud read books widely.Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge.And
man can use it to change the world.
It is my point that reading must be selectively.Because reading is important to man.Some books can help man but
some books can lead some people to crime.It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV.We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge.It can make our life more beautiful.We must give up those unhelpful
books.They are not good to us.Reading them is wasting time and money.Soreading selectively is an important part in
reading.
写作单项练习
1．删除与主题句无关的句子并使句子按逻辑顺序排列，然后再把句子写成段落：
TS: There are three kinds of book owners.
a.those who have many books but have read through a few, dipped into most and marked none
b.those who have all the standard sets and best-sellers but have read none
c.those who have written many books
d.those who have a few books or many and have read and marked them all
TS: You should read a good newspaper every day
a.everyone reads a good newspaper every day
b.it is important to know what is happening in the world
c.papers give information about sales
d.newspapers have good sports coverage
TS: There are many reasons why language change, but three major causes help illustrate the concept.
a.rapidly expanding technology and new system of communication bring all cultures and languages into closer contactb.groups of languages speakers drifted away to establish isolated, independent communities
c.all languages change with the experience of their speakers
d.the influence of and interaction with foreign cultures
2．选择适当的过渡性词语填空：
a.I suppose the first day of our vacation will be very enjoyable __________.we are going to play a game of tennis.
______________ we shall take a shower because we usually put a lot of efforts into the game and will be wet with sweat.___________ we will do some sunbathing on the beach._______________ we will take a walk into town.
b.During holidays, the traffic in big cities is always particularly busy.This is mainly ______________ most citizens do not have to work in these days and they ride their bicycles to the streets to do shopping.Farmers in the country ________ flood into the cities by bus or by their own motorcycles.The streets are full of buses, taxicabs, minibuses and pedestrains ____________, traffic jams often occur.
c.There is a modern Chinese proverb: \"I work for all and all for me.\" I think this is quite right.__________, if I am a salesman, I go to work and sell goods to customers.I am serving the people.__________I need the service of other people almost every minute.
d.The one-child family is much better than the family with more children._______, to have one child benefits the family.It can reduce the economic burden of the family and the child can be taken good care of and be well educated.
_________, to have one child is advantageous to the country.Overpopulation has become a serious problem, especially in developing countries.It is certain that the one-child family tends to control population growth, thus promoting the economic development of the nation.__________ the importance of having one child has generally been realized by many people.
e.Children should decide for themselves what job they prefer to do in the future._________, children know themselves much better than their parents.They can choose a job they really like._________, children seldom make the best of what have learned in the career decided by their parents.___________, growing to be independent is the natural way for everybody.Following their parents\' words at all times, children may well bury their own advantages.
3.将下列主题句发展成段落：
a.Everyone pursues happine in life.
b.The struggle between man and disease is hard and endle.
c.Science affects human life in at least three ways.
4.写作练习
1． Jobs for Graduates
1) 大学生难找工作
2) 原因很多
3) 解决的办法
2． How to face up to your difficulties
1) Every person may meet difficulties in life
2) Some people adopt negative attitudes toward difficulties
3) There exist the positive attitude toward difficulties
第18篇：英语专业四级考试流程
英语专业四级考试流程
英语专业四级（TEM4）
考试日期：2013年4月20日
考试时间：8:30——10:45（中途无休息）
考试流程：
8:15进场，监考老师检查准考证，身份证，学生证。（考试正式开始15分钟后，迟到考生不得进入考场。考试正式开始后30分钟后，考生才准交卷离开考场。）
8:25,监考老师发试卷册。
一.听力(35min)：8:30—9:05
二.完形填空(15min)：9:05—9:20
三.语法及词汇(15min)：9:20—9:35
四.阅读理解(25min)：9:35—10:00
五.作文(45min)：10:00-10:45
a.大作文。
b.小作文。
（10:45最后一次收卷，监考老师收试题册，ANSWER SHEET THREE, 考试结束。 ）
第19篇：英语专业四级听写评分标准
听写评分标准
1.听写共分15小节；每节1分。
2．每节最多扣1分。
3．重复错误，仅扣一次。 4．错误共分两类：小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes)。
A.小错误：
1)单词拼写错一到二个字母。例：inconvenient—unconvenient，inconvient；originally--origionally, originally； knives———nives。
2)标点符号错误：一when When；To solve this problem，the—To solve this problem the„。
3)冠词，单复数错误：shells—shell；with a solution—with the solution。
4)小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次，扣0．5分；出现三次， 扣0．5分后留一小错做总计；出现四次(以上)，扣1分。
5)未扣分小错误的扣分标准： 累计2---4个：扣0．5分。 累计5---8个：扣1分。
B.大错误：漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)，大移位，时态错误，原文一个词变两个词。 每个错误扣0．5分。
例： are still paid—is still paid，still paid，still pay；were used—we used；coins were—coin was；began—begun；goods—good；cloth—ciof，cloths；salt—soit；paid—payed； throughout--allthrough，through of; accepted——an acception；as payment——for payment；for goods——to goods；they——these，there．
5．一些特例的扣分标准：
1)下列情况不扣分： in the past—in the past,；“now”后加逗号。
2)下列情况扣分： throughout--through out(小错误)；a piece of—pieces of(两个小错，扣0．5分)
6．总分为0．5分时，以1分计算：其余总分中如含分数的，分数舍去，留整数。如：12．5分一12分，7．5分---7分。空白卷—律打0分。
第20篇：英语专业四级作文 应试教育
We might marvel at the progre made in every field of , but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme preure, but they can tell nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of succe or failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother dies.Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after sleeple night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where succe and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memories.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedom.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most succeful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under dure.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective aement by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of preure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge’s decision on you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of aeing a person’s true abilities.It is cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable busine for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate meage recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’
