推荐第1篇：英文辞职信（附翻译）
Dear Mr.Ben(the name of your bo):
尊敬的Ben先生(老板的名字)：
①please accept this letter as formal notification that I am leaving my position with XXX company on August 7.
请接受这封辞职信，我将于八月七日正式辞去我在XXX公司的职位。
②I have allowed 30 days prior to my departure for aisting in the transition proce.
离职之前，我有30天时间来帮助移交工作。
③Although I have enjoyed my job, I have received an offer for another company that I feel is better suited6 to my career objectives.
虽然很喜欢日前的工作，但我已得到另一家公司提供的更适合我事业目标的职位。
④Thank you for your kind attention and would appreciate if you could let me have a reference letter before I leave.
感谢您对我的关照，如果您能为我写一封推荐信，我将不胜感激。
⑤I regret having to resign from my position.I wish you and XXX the best of luck and future succe.
很遗憾我不得不辞职。祝您和XXX公司好运相伴，未来更加兴旺发达。
⑥If I can be of any aistance during this transition, please let me know.
如果在工作交接期有需要我做的事情，请通知我。
Sincerely,
真诚的
(your full name)
(你的全名)
推荐第2篇：父亲节英文祝福语(附翻译)
父亲节英文祝福语（附翻译）
父亲节英文祝福语（附翻译）：
I didn\'t see what a good father you were to us before, but I do now.
我以前不知道您是一个多么好的父亲，但是现在我知道了。
Your experience and guidance have always been appreciated.更多信息请访问：
您的经历和引导，一直让我衷心感激。
I hope you know how proud I am of you, father.Happy Father\'s Day! Happine always!
爸爸，我希望您能知道我是多么为您感到自豪啊，祝您父亲节快乐，永远快乐!
To father--from your favorite string bean.
给父亲--您最宠爱的小豆子。
On this special day, I want to say I\'m proud of you, appreciate all you\'ve done for me and I love you.在这特别的一天，我想说我为您感到骄傲，爸爸，谢谢您为我做的一切，我爱你，
Thanks for holding my hand when I need it.
谢谢您在我需要的时候握紧我的手。
Wish beloved father good health, great happine and good luck in everything on the coming Father\'s Day.
在父亲节来临之际，祝愿敬爱的父亲身体健康，节日快乐，万事如意!
Wish you a happy Father\'s Day and the best of everything.
祝您父亲节快乐!万事如意!
With warm wishes for Father\'s Day.
时值父亲节，致以最真挚的祝福!
Words can\'t tell how much you mean to us.We wish you happine on this special day.
我们无法用言语描述您对我们是多么重要，在这特别的一天，我们祝您父亲节快乐!
YOUR EXPERIENCE AND GUIDANCE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN APPRECIATED.
您的经历和引导，一直让我衷心感激，
父亲节快乐，亲爱的爸爸，谢谢您为我所做的一切!
Your experience and guidance have always been appreciated.
您的经历和引导，一直让我衷心感激。
Your eyes show sternne, but more kindne and care.Thank you for making me feel important.
您的眼神看起来很严厉，但更多的是仁慈和关心。谢谢您让我觉得自己如此重要。
Congratulate you on Father\'s Day.
恭贺父亲节!
Happy Father\'s Day to you.
祝您父亲节快乐! 父亲节英文祝福语（附翻译）：
I didn\'t realize that being a father would be so difficult.It makes me appreciate you all the more.
我不知道做一个父亲竟然会这样不容易。这使我更加感激您。
I didn\'t see what a good father you were to us before, but I do now.
我以前不知道您是一个多么好的父亲，但是现在我知道了。
I hope you know how proud I am of you, father.Happy Father\'s Day! Happine always.
爸爸，我希望您能知道我是多么为您感到自豪啊，祝您父亲节快乐，永远快乐!
I own all of my skills of fatherhood to you Dad.Happy Father\'s Day.
爸爸，我所有的为父之道都来自于您的恩赐。祝您父亲节快乐。
May all your wishes come true.
愿您美梦成真!
Now that I am a father, I can see what a good job you did in raising us.
现在我已身为人父。我才知道，您是个多么称职的爸爸。
Your eyes show sternne, but more kindne and care.Thank you for making me feel important.
您的眼神看起来很严厉，但更多的是仁慈和关心。谢谢您让我觉得自己如此重要。
Thanks for holding my hand when I need it.
谢谢您在我需要的时候握紧我的手。
I own all of my skills of fatherhood to you Dad.Happy Father\'s Day.
爸爸，我所有的为父之道都来自于您的恩赐。祝您父亲节快乐。
I didn\'t realize that being a father would be so difficult.It makes me appreciate you all the more.
我不知道做一个父亲竟然会这样不容易。这使我更加感激您。
Now that I am a father, I can see what a good job you did in raising us.
现在我已身为人父。我才知道，您是个多么称职的爸爸。
推荐第3篇：英文感谢信(对老师)附翻译
Dear Teacher:
This is a special day, we have presented a bouquet of flowers, gifts to the world of your peaches and plums, spectrum a Ode to Joy, for your eyes flicker disperse tired.Life\'s journey, you shine our light of hope, enrich our minds, adding to our intelligence.
Thank you, teacher! I wish you healthy forever! Happy! Happine! 敬爱的老师：
这是一个特别的日子, 我们献上一束鲜花，赠予桃李天下的您，谱上一曲欢乐颂，为您驱散眼中闪烁的疲倦，为您松解紧皱的额纹。 人生旅程上，您为我们点燃希望的光芒，丰富我们的心灵，增添我们的智慧。
谢谢您，老师！愿您永远健康！愉快！幸福！
推荐第4篇：英文感谢信(对老师)附翻译
Dear Teacher:
This is a special day, we have presented a bouquet of flowers, gifts to the world of your peaches and plums, spectrum a Ode to Joy, for your eyes flicker disperse tired, for you loosen the amount of wrinkled patterns.
The singing is to thank: the teacher, thank you! Thank you do not make learning to become crafts, but have become a kind of joy; Thank you for letting me know their value; Thank you for helping me find their expertise, but let me do things better; Thank you for being one I can never trust people - will be in trouble in their lives to help people.
The singing is a bleing: teacher, happy holidays! Insatiable in learning, be tirele in teaching, peaches and plums fragrance, their music is happy and harmonious.I wish you a happy holiday! Not only in the Teacher\'s Day today, there is a tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, Tai Houtian, I wish your life every day, every minutes, every second, the surface is always the same smile.
The singing is concerned about: the teacher, you worked hard! Your use of sweat, nurturing the tender shoots of spring have just ground-breaking.Your care is like the genial spring, warm our hearts and minds.Let us protect your healthy growth, formed in the autumn fruit.
Life\'s journey, you shine our light of hope, enrich our minds, adding to our intelligence.
Thank you, teacher! I wish you healthy forever! Happy! Happine!
译文
敬爱的老师：
这是一个特别的日子, 我们献上一束鲜花，赠予桃李天下的您，谱上一曲欢乐颂，为您驱散眼中闪烁的疲倦，为您松解紧皱的额纹。
歌声里是感谢：老师，谢谢您！感谢您没使学习变成劳作，而成为一种欢乐；感谢您让我明白自身的价值；感谢您帮助我发现了自己的专长，而且让我把事情做得更好；感谢您成为一个我能永远信赖的人——在生活中遇到麻烦便会去求助的人。
歌声里是祝福：老师，节日快乐！学而不厌，诲人不倦，桃李芬芳，其乐亦融融。祝您节日快乐！不只在教师节的今天，还有明天、后天、大后天，祝你在生活中的每一天、每一分、每一秒，面上始终笑容不变。
歌声里是关心：老师，您辛苦了！您用辛勤的汗水，哺育了春日刚破土的嫩苗。您的关怀就好比和煦的春风，温暖了我们的心灵。您的保护让我们健康成长，在金秋时节结下硕果。
人生旅程上，您为我们点燃希望的光芒，丰富我们的心灵，增添我们的智慧。
谢谢您，老师！愿您永远健康！愉快！幸福！
推荐第5篇：竞选学生会主席英文演讲稿(附翻译)
竞选学生会主席英文演讲稿（附翻
译）
竞选学生会主席英文演讲稿（附翻译）
文/小雷
2017年9月8日
It is great to be at our school, it is an honor to have everybody here to listen to my speech.This is beyond anybody’s expectation, I stand here run for the student council president.
My name is Thor, today is my 15th birthday.In your mind, maybe I’m a person like Chaplin, a comedian, a person don’t take thing’s seriously.But now, I’m ready for new challenges.In the past two years, the student council officers
were all girls, it doesn’t mean boys don’t have the ability to run the student council, I don’t know what they are fearing about, why students were kept talking about the weaknees about the student council, but don’t have the courage to stand here and run for the president.
People who are close to me knows, I have a good sense of humor, also I’m a person that is willing to help other people.
I’m a person who follow my paion, during 2012 to 2014, I was the leader of the singing group that consisted by my clamates.I’m not a person that force other people to do something, I let people in the group vote which song they want to sing, so they are very happy to sing with each other, most importantly I light their paion of singing.In the end, we sang two song on a charity party, it received a lot of appreciation, that’s why I think democracy is very important.
In my life, the most important thing is to keep my friends around me, in our school, I made lots of friends.In the past 3 years, our school have a lot of activities and events that helped me to increase our friendships.The thing I like the most about our school is that we don’t have a lot of students in each cla, and each cla is mixed by students from different countries and different backgrounds.
Another thing I like about this school is that the student council listens to student’s ideas.Although some activities can’t come to reality because of the financial problems.
To get more money for student council, I will make relation products for our mascot, sell them and gathering money to make students’s ideas come true.
In our school, we have a lot of talented student, I’m good at music, so I want to do a few concert with our
musicians and artist in our school, I will give the profit to the blind school in Qingdao.This activity also gives a chance to students to do there service and action.
If I become the president of the student council, I will try to gather every student’s idea and turn their ideas into reality, this will help students to get involved in the school’s community, and it also will help students to be a more succeful person in their future life.I am planning to start a sport department in our school, sports is an area which we should improve on I will support students who are interested at sports to run the sport department.
Then I will continue the youth club on Friday after school, we will do more activities and try to enjoy our weekend time, such as skate board club, photography club and debate club as some of the students talked about, I will
organize those kinds of club if I am elected, and I will let students in our school take leaderships.
The school is developing, open your visions, don’t see things in tiny views.You should start thinking about what school’s going to be like in the future.Keep following your paions, you can eventually succeed.so Tell me what’s your paion, and we will work together and make your dreams come true.
Thank you.Vote for me, I will offer you a great school year.
非常高兴能在美好国际学校。很荣幸大家能坐在这里听我演讲。我知道，任何人都没有想到，我会在这里竞选学生会总统。
我的名字叫雷元帅，今天是我的十五岁生日。在你的印象中，我可能是一个喜剧演员，一个不经常认真做事的人。今年，我已经准备好接受新的挑战了。在过去的两年中，学生会的主要成员都
是女生，这并不代表男生没有能力去领导学生会，我不知道为什么同学们总是在讨论学生会不好的地方，但是却没有勇气站在这里竞选会长。
我身边的好朋友都知道我是一个幽默感很强，乐于助人的男人。
在我的生活中，最重要的事情就是跟朋友保持良好的关系，在我们学校，我交到了很多好朋友。在过去的三年中，我们学校有很多活动来增进我和朋友之间的关系。在这个学校中，我最喜欢的地方就是一个班的人数很少，并且同学都来自不同国家，有着不一样的背景。这样在与朋友的交往中，也可以学到其他国家的文化。
这个学校另一个让我喜欢的的地方是，学生会会采纳学生们的意见，但是因为经济的问题，有些学生的想法不能实现。
为学生会赚到更多的钱，我会做一些我们学校吉祥物的周边产品，
然后卖掉来赚取资金。
在我们学校，有很多有天赋的学生，我计划与我们学校的音乐家和艺术家们举办几场演奏会，我会把演奏会的收入捐给慈善机构，这项活动也可以给学生们提供机会做他们的社会实践活动。
如果我变成学生会主席，我会试着帮助每个学生实现他们的想法，这会帮助学生更好的融入学校的生活，这也会帮助学生在将来成为一个更加成功的人。我计划开设体育部，体育一直是我们学校需要进步的地方，我会让热爱体育的学生去领导体育部。
我还要继续我们学校周五下午的青年俱乐部，我们会做更多有趣的活动，享受我们的周末时光，比如说去年同学们提出的滑板俱乐部，摄影俱乐部，辩论俱乐部等。如果我选上了总统，我会做以上这些有趣的活动，并且让学生来领导这些活动。
学校在发展，不要用狭小的眼光去看事情。你应该开始想一想学校将来会
是什么样子。跟着你的激情走，你将会是一个成功的人。告诉我你的梦想，我们来一起实现它。
谢谢大家。投票给我，我会给你一个精彩的学年。
推荐第6篇：竞选学生会主席英文演讲稿（附翻译）
竞选学生会主席英文演讲稿（附翻译）
文/小雷
2017年9月8日
It is great to be at our school, it is an honor to have everybody here to listen to my speech.This is beyond anybody’s expectation, I stand here run for the student council president.
My name is Thor, today is my 15th birthday.In your mind, maybe I’m a person like Chaplin, a comedian, a person don’t take thing’s seriously.But now, I’m ready for new challenges.In the past two years, the student council officers were all girls, it doesn’t mean boys don’t have the ability to run the student council, I don’t know what they are fearing about, why students were kept talking about the weaknees about the student council, but don’t have the courage to stand here and run for the president.
People who are close to me knows, I have a good sense of humor, also I’m a person that is willing to help other people.
I’m a person who follow my paion, during 2012 to 2014, I was the leader of the singing group that consisted by my clamates.I’m not a person that force other people to do something, I let people in the group vote which song they want to sing, so they are very happy to sing with each other, most importantly I light their paion of singing.In the end, we sang two song on a charity party, it received a lot of appreciation, that’s why I think democracy is very important.
In my life, the most important thing is to keep my friends around me, in our school, I made lots of friends.In the past 3 years, our school have a lot of activities and events that helped me to increase our friendships.The thing I like the most about our school is that we don’t have a lot of students in each cla, and each cla is mixed by students from different countries and different backgrounds.
Another thing I like about this school is that the student council listens to student’s ideas.Although some activities can’t come to reality because of the financial problems.
To get more money for student council, I will make relation products for our mascot, sell them and gathering money to make students’s ideas come true.
In our school, we have a lot of talented student, I’m good at music, so I want to do a few concert with our musicians and artist in our school, I will give the profit to the blind school in Qingdao.This activity also gives a chance to students to do there service and action.
If I become the president of the student council, I will try to gather every student’s idea and turn their ideas into reality, this will help students to get involved in the school’s community, and it also will help students to be a more succeful person in their future life.I am planning to start a sport department in our school, sports is an area which we should improve on I will support students who are interested at sports to run the sport department.
Then I will continue the youth club on Friday after school, we will do more activities and try to enjoy our weekend time, such as skate board club, photography club and debate club as some of the students talked about, I will organize those kinds of club if I am elected, and I will let students in our school take leaderships.
The school is developing, open your visions, don’t see things in tiny views.You should start thinking about what school’s going to be like in the future.Keep following your paions, you can eventually succeed.so Tell me what’s your paion, and we will work together and make your dreams come true.
Thank you.Vote for me, I will offer you a great school year.
非常高兴能在美好国际学校。很荣幸大家能坐在这里听我演讲。我知道，任何人都没有想到，我会在这里竞选学生会总统。
我的名字叫雷元帅，今天是我的十五岁生日。在你的印象中，我可能是一个喜剧演员，一个不经常认真做事的人。今年，我已经准备好接受新的挑战了。在过去的两年中，学生会的主要成员都是女生，这并不代表男生没有能力去领导学生会，我不知道为什么同学们总是在讨论学生会不好的地方，但是却没有勇气站在这里竞选会长。
我身边的好朋友都知道我是一个幽默感很强，乐于助人的男人。
在我的生活中，最重要的事情就是跟朋友保持良好的关系，在我们学校，我交到了很多好朋友。在过去的三年中，我们学校有很多活动来增进我和朋友之间的关系。在这个学校中，我最喜欢的地方就是一个班的人数很少，并且同学都来自不同国家，有着不一样的背景。这样在与朋友的交往中，也可以学到其他国家的文化。
这个学校另一个让我喜欢的的地方是，学生会会采纳学生们的意见，但是因为经济的问题，有些学生的想法不能实现。
为学生会赚到更多的钱，我会做一些我们学校吉祥物的周边产品，
然后卖掉来赚取资金。
在我们学校，有很多有天赋的学生，我计划与我们学校的音乐家和艺术家们举办几场演奏会，我会把演奏会的收入捐给慈善机构，这项活动也可以给学生们提供机会做他们的社会实践活动。
如果我变成学生会主席，我会试着帮助每个学生实现他们的想法，这会帮助学生更好的融入学校的生活，这也会帮助学生在将来成为一个更加成功的人。我计划开设体育部，体育一直是我们学校需要进步的地方，我会让热爱体育的学生去领导体育部。
我还要继续我们学校周五下午的青年俱乐部，我们会做更多有趣的活动，享受我们的周末时光，比如说去年同学们提出的滑板俱乐部，摄影俱乐部，辩论俱乐部等。如果我选上了总统，我会做以上这些有趣的活动，并且让学生来领导这些活动。
学校在发展，不要用狭小的眼光去看事情。你应该开始想一想学校将来会是什么样子。跟着你的激情走，你将会是一个成功的人。告诉我你的梦想，我们来一起实现它。
谢谢大家。投票给我，我会给你一个精彩的学年。
推荐第7篇：英文记叙文写作
英文记叙文写作模板
第一部分记叙文题型作文
写作步骤
要求考生写一篇记叙文，描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果，最后对事件进行简单分析，如：2003年6月四级作文、2003年9月四级作文、2004年6月六级作文。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写：
第一段、总结描述
交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点：主题句
第二段、具体描述
具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果：起因＋经过＋结果
第三段、对事件的分析
分析句1 + 分析句2 + 分析3
第二部分、记叙文题型写作练习
［实战演练］
directions：for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic the day my clamate fell ill.
1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况；
2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的；
3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是....
［写作模板：架构阶段］
第一段：
开篇句：about _____ o\'clock one evening in _______, _____.
扩展句：________.(展开描述一下事件)
第二段：主题句：without hesitation, _____.it wasn\'t long before _____.扩展句：
1、one ______.
2、another _______.
3、our teacher _______.
第三段：
结尾句：is _______? who can tell ? but ______.
扩展句：
1、when ____ , people showed _____ spirit regardle of ____.
2、this kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.
3、and it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.
［写作模板：填充阶段］
第一段：
开篇句：about nine o\'clock one evening in may, my roommate li ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough.
扩展句：his head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning.his forehead felt very hot.we took his temperature.it was 38.5℃.
第二段：
主题句：without hesitation, i dialed \"120\".it wasn\'t long before an ambulance
arrived.
扩展句：
1、one roommate brought a blanket for him.
2、another supported him in the ambulance.
3、our teacher insisted on giving him some money.
第三段：
结尾句：is he a suspedted sars patient? who can tell ? but we did\'t retreat.
扩展句：
1、when the savage sars was spreading, people showed fearle spirit
regardle of dangers to their own health.
2、this kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.
3、and it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.
第三部分、范文
about nine o\'clock one evening in may, my roommate li ming was lying in bed,
trembling with cold and having a cough.his head was aching so intensely that he kept
groaning.his forehead felt very hot.we took his temperature.it was 38.5℃.without hesitation, i dialed \"120\".it wasn\'t long before an ambulance arrived.one roommate brought a blanket for him.another supported him in the ambulance.our teacher insisted on giving him some money.
is he a suspedted sars patient? who can tell ? but we did\'t retreat.when the
savage sars was spreading, people showed fearle spirit regardle of dangers to their own health.this kind of care between persons is the very kind giving, unselfish and pricele devotion or sacrifice.and it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a beautiful world.
推荐第8篇：翻译英文
海南公路HainanHighway
前言Preface
目录Content
干线公路ArterailHighway
东线高速公路EasternLineFreeway
西线高速公路WesternLineFreeway
海文高速公路HaiwenFreeway
海口绕城高速公路HaikouCity-CircleFreeway
农村公路RuralHighway
国、省、县道National,Provincial &County Highways国道National Highway
省道Provincial Highway
县道.County Road
市县出口路ExitRoadtotheCityorCounty 公路养护HighwayMaintenance
生态建设EcologicalConstruction
内业管理InternalAdministration
机械化养护MechanizationMaintenance
体制改革InstitutionalReform
应急抢险EmergencyMeasures
服务保障ServiceAurance
路政执法LawenforcementofRoadAdministrtion
行业风彩Industry Image
推荐第9篇：一篇初一英文演讲稿Oral Presentation(附翻译)
一篇Oral Presentation(附翻译)
Hello everyone .On this special day, it’s my pleasure to tell you my viewpoints on what happine is about.Students may get happine when they have got high scores on schooling.Employees may get happine when they have got more salaries.Employers may get happine when they have pursued maximum profits.But for me, happine is very simple.One will feel comfortable and pleasant when he accompanies a girl on her side.You may get happine when you are addicted to some hobbies such as playing music instrument, doing some handwriting or something else.Happine will appear immediately if you have the belief of your own.Enjoy life and freedom.Well-being will stay with you for the lifetime.
大家好，在今天这个特别的日子，我很高兴跟大家说说我对幸福的看法。学生拿到高分就会有幸福感。员工涨工资就会有幸福感。老板获得最大化利益就会有幸福感。但对我来说，幸福很简单。当一个人陪在她的身边就会感到舒服快乐。当你沉迷于某些爱好如玩乐器，练书法等等，也会有幸福感。当你有了你自己的信念，幸福感会立刻出现。享受生活和自由。幸福感会伴随你一生。
推荐第10篇：英文记叙文A Car Accident
A Traffic Accident In the years that followed the traffic accident frequently floated in my mind.It was on the cold winter day in 2008, the depreive sky seemed to be bungled in the city of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province.I was going out from the convenience store wrapping the coat tightly while every car was trapped in the traffic jam with the whistle blowing aloud at the Yingbin Blvd.The snow smelt like wet smelly stock, so did the wanderers in the snow.I noticed a poor dog suffered from hunger and coldne for several days, wearing worn-out fur, dying.He looked around the road with his old eyes, gasping, searching forthe hope.Suddenly, something appeared to his eyes: a piece of fresh meat dropped from a transport truck! He ran to his new life with inspiration, like an ancient human find a flicker of a flame in the severe winter.He ran and ran, with his rest of power in the rest of his life, but it occurred out of expectation—a cold wheel ground over his body without stopping.He fell down.The meat was lying in front of his paws.The blood permeated into the snow.The coldne froze the warm body.The cold wheels were still flowing acro the road without any rest while the poor dog, rested forever.I stopped and stared at the scene, hanging back to have a close look at him, but the traffic stream stopped me.Everyone paed by the corpse dropped a pitiful expreion in their eyes and then walked away, cold as charity.This was just an accident happened to a poor dog, but it shocked me and remained in my memory.A few years later, I realized that it was the apathy that invaded into people’s heart by millions of such accidents.After thousands of killing, they killed their guilt towards the creatures.
第11篇：外文翻译 英文
Valuing the Warranty Ceiling Clause onNew Mexico Highway 44Using a Binomial Lattice Model
Abstract:
In 1998 the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department (NMSHTD) agreed to pay $60 million for a 20-year pavement warranty on their Route 44 project (NM 44, now US 550).The warranty includes a ceiling clause that caps total expenditures at $110 million.As the first long-term highway warranty in the United States, the transaction set a controversial precedent that parties interested in innovative highway contracting, including other state department of transportations (DOTs), the USDOT, sureties, and contractors, view as a test case for evaluating pricing and cost-effectivene.An interim audit report published by the State of\' New Mexico [Abbey (2004).Rep.to the Legislative Finance Committee, State Highway and Transportation Department.Santa Fe.N.M.]provides invaluable fiscal projections and challenges the cost effectivene of the $60 million expenditure.This paper presents an independent analysis of the effectivene of the warranty clauses.Based upon NMSHTD data, the analysis contends that $60 million was a fair cost of the 20-year pavement warranty at the time of acceptance if the expenditure ceiling is not considered.Furthermore.this paper argues that the ceiling on expenditure can be valuable.Using the real options approach, the paper evaluates the warranty ceiling clause on NM 44 and some policy suggestions are discued.
Introduction：
State Departments of Transportation (DOT) turned increasingly proactive when awarding large highway pavement contracts as a result of the United States Federal Highway Administration\'s (FHwA) Special Experimental Projects (SEPs).SEP No.14, implemented in 1990, opened the door for innovative contracting methods including lane rental, cost-plus-time bidding, design.build techniques, and warranty clauses.The warranty clauses hold contractors liable for reparationfor performance failures within a warranty period that typically extends from 5 to 7 years.
Though New Mexico was not among the original eight states that initiated the use of warranties under SEP No.14.they have since evaluated the option of warranty contracting and succe-fully applied it to the New Mexico State Route 44 Project (nowU.S.550),
which traverses 118 mi (190 km) from 1-25 at San Ysidro northwest to Bloomfield, near the Four Corners area.When considering the prospect of infiltrating the northwest corner ofNew Mexico, New Mexico State Highway and TransportationDepartment (NMSHTD) [renamed New Mexico Deparunent of
Transportation (NMDOT) in 2003], determined that the future maintenance and rehabilitation costs of the upgraded 118 mi of roadway would total about $16,000/lane-mi/year over a service life of 20 years (May et al.2003) totaling just over $15I million.Additionally, they determined that the roadbed and surface upgrades would take almost 27 years to complete using normal contracting methods.In an effort to keep the highway in good condition for the long term, NMSHTD purchased a 20-year warranty agreement from MesaPDC who in turn guaranteed the pavement performance during the warranty period.Thc\' NM 44 warranty broke new ground in both length and cost.Itwas the first long-term highway warranty in the United States and.,at $62 million, the most expensive.Since conception, its economics and applicability to other projects has been a subject of debate.Moreover, the two ceiling clauses in the warranty agreement that limit cumulative traffic volume and maintenance expenditures have been neither examined nor evaluated.In this paper we addre the cost effectivene of the warranty clauses in the NM 44 project.
1 Warranty Provisions for NM 44
Two primary participants, NMSHTD and Mesa Project Development Contractor (PDC), a division of Wichita, Kan.-based Koch Performance Roads, Inc., cooperated on the NM 44 project.The NMSHTD laid out design criteria, performance requirements, and oversight procedures, and estimated a life-cycle cost to establish the overall present value of the expected maintenance during the 20-year warranty period.Through team building and open communications, NMSHTD was able to monitor performance without responsibility for performance, while Mesa PDC was able to gain insight into the development and award proce along with the limitations and constraints that had to be addreed.
To carry a long-term warranty agreement, a profeional services contract was introduced.Basic items included delineation of responsibilities and appropriate protocol for repairs, costing, and reimbursement.The final price on the warranty was comprised of $60 million for a 2pavement warranty and, $2 million for a 10-year structures warranty to cover bridges, drainage, erosion, etc.for a total of $62 million in warranty liability.Mesa
PDC also agreed to a 3.5% inflationary risk on future maintenance costs.Based on these numbers, the warranty pricing was $6,400/lane mi/year, a 60% reduction as compared to the initial evaluation ( Mav et al.2003).Additionally, the warranty duration was limited by three ceiling clauses: (1) 20 years of service life: (2) 4,000,000 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs); and (3) $114 million in total expenditures, of which $1 l0 million is the ceiling for the pavement warranty and $4 million is the ceiling for the structure warranty.Thus, in return for $62 million.Mesa PDC agreed to provide up to $114 million in repairs over a period of 20 years or 4 million ESALs.To ensure the fiscal liability was met.the warranty was also backed by a performance bond.
The parties established what constitutes warranted pavement defects based on objective criteria such as smoothne, rutting, transverse crack spacing, crack width, potholes, depreions.bleeding, raveling,and delaminations.Because the warranty provider shoulders the risks aociated with performance, they have a strong incentive to aure quality in the design, composition, and construction of the pavement.The parties also developed plans to monitor performance and perform both preventative and routine maintenance to ensure the highway’s health.
2 Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
In a recent interim report of the NM 44 warranty audit, the state of New Mexico challenged the cost effectivene of the $62 million warranty (Abbey 2004).This interim report and its predeceor (Abbey 1999) provide invaluable cost projections on the NM 44 project and the aociated warranty.Using these data we conducted our own cost analysis based on the information available to the NMSHTD when they made the warranty decision in 1998.So for this analysis,all warrafity benefits and costs incurred during the construction and warranty period were discounted back to the decision time in 1998, and all costs ,and payments were aumed to fall at the end of the year.Additionally, we considered only the pavement warranty which is valued at $60 million and explains 96.8% of the total warranty cost.Ignoring the structures warranty, which is valued at only $2 million, reduces ambiguity without any significant impact on the results.Farthermore.Abbey (2004) estimates that the structures warranty will expire before the end of the 10-year warranty period, while the pavement warranty probably will remain in effect for the entire 20-year term.
3 Discuion and Policy Suggestions
Due to the ceiling clause, the price of the warranty provisions in the NM 44 project
does not reflect the real cost to the NMSHTD.The ceiling clause, valued at 4.8 million/year 1998 dollar as calculated, represents additional revenue to Mesa besides the $62 million warranty payment from NMSHTD.By declaring the ceiling clause, Mesa PDC in fact eliminates unfavorable risk while keeping profitable uncertainty.What Mesa gains is what NMSHTD loses since this is a zero-sum game.The actual cost for the warranty provision in the NM 44 project goes up to 57.3 million/year 1998 dollar.The hurdle rate of a viable warranty provision falls to 4% (Fig.6).Considering that the NMSHTD had to borrow at a higher interest rate to finance the NM 44 project .the warranty provision is not justified because of the high cost of the ceiling clause.
It is suggested that the state highway agencies carefully evaluate the ceiling clauses when requiring warranty services in selling infrastructure projects.A twofold analysis needs to be conducted so a better decision can be made.First, one must realize that the ceiling clause may be costly.The model developed in this paper is a handy approach to evaluate the ceiling clause value.Second state agencies should better determine a favorable ceiling when including ceiling clauses in the warranty.A sensitivity analysis indicates that the value of the ceiling clause is elastic to the determined ceiling.A 10% increase of the ceiling in the NM 44 warranty provisions would reduce the option price of the ceiling clause by 30%.Therefore, careful selection for a ceiling can significantly reduce the impact of the ceiling clause.
The ceiling clause, in eence, is a call option that provides flexibility to switch a decision after more information is available through locking in risks while leaving the favorable uncertainties open.The real option concept provides powerful tools not only for contractors, but also state agencies ceiling clauses or other trigger points in uncertain cash flows.One potential application of the real option concept in warranty contracting is to delay the warranty decision until the end of construction when more performance information is available (Cui et al.2004).Then future maintenance savings could be estimated more accurately, and a better decision can be made on whether to purchase a warranty.
Acknowledgments：
The writers gratefully acknowledge the support for this research provided by the University Transportation Center for Alabama(UTCA) and the Alabama Contractors\' Fees Fund.
Reforance：
1)Warranty Provisions for NM 44Qingbin Cui1; Philip Johnson2; Aaron Quick3; and Makarand Hastak
2)Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,January 2008,Volume 134.Number 1, 10--17
第12篇：英文谚语翻译
英文谚语翻译
A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出，驷马难追 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁
Where there is a will there is way.有志者事竟成
Empty veels make the greatest sound.满瓶不响，半瓶叮咚 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人 Second thoughts are best.Look before you leap.三思而后行 Like teacher, like pupil.Like father, like son.有其师必有其徒 He that talks much errs much.言多必失
Standers-by see more than gamesters.旁观者清 Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
A bad workman quarrels with his tools.不会撑船怪河弯 Many words cut more than swords 刀伤有法治，舌伤无术医
Little thieves are hanged, but great ones escape.窃钩者诛，窃国者侯 A great ship asks deep waters.蛟龙要有海来游 Murder will out.纸包不住火
He that mischief hatches, mischief catches.害人终害己 It\'s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收 Homer sometimes nods.智者千虑，必有一失
Men may meet but moutains never.人生何处不相逢
No great lo without some small gain.塞翁失马焉知非福
宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。Some prefer turnips and othes pears 骨瘦如柴 As lean as a rail 两袖清风 Clean hand 面如土色 As pale as ashes 艳如桃李 As red as rose 有情人终成眷属 All shall be well,Jack shall have will 拆东墙补西墙 He robs Peter to pay Paul 棋逢对手 Diamonds cut Diamonds 好借好还，再借不难 Pay on the spot and borrow a lot,pay slow and you will get no dough
第13篇：英文代理翻译
{下面为一些具体格式和步骤:}
A为委托方,B为被委托方
{首先是委任:}
1 Appointment
1.委任
A hereby appoints the B as the global Distributor for the distribution, sale and promotion of the Goods all over the world (“Territory”) upon the terms and conditions hereinafter contained.A现根据以下条件和条款委任B作为其全球分销商,并在全球为其配送,销售和推广产品.{跟着写一些相关的权利和义务(只是参考例子):}
A shall not sell or otherwise make available the Goods to anybody from or about whom
A knows or has reason to know that such person might sell those Goods to B’s customers.A不会销售或以其他方式提供此类货物给来自A，或A知道或有理由知道可能销售那些货物给B客户的任何人.
2.B’s General Duties
2.B的义务
B agrees and undertakes with the A that, for the duration of this Agreement the B shall punctually and faithfully observe the following:
B同意并承诺A在本协议有效期内如期并忠实遵守以下条款:
{然后列举一些条款}如:
It shall use its best endeavours to promote and extend the sale of the Goods
throughout the Territory.
我们会尽最大努力在全球推广和扩大货品的销售
B shall not sell the Goods to A’s Customers, unle authorized in writing by A, for the duration of this Agreement.
B不会销售货品给A的客户, 除非在协议有效期内得到A的书面授权.
Except for otherwise exprely provided herein, any contracts for the sales of the Goods by B to its own Customers shall be exclusively concluded between B and its
Customers.B shall have the sole right to offer and/or accept terms and conditions of such contracts.
除另有明文规定外, 任何B给自己客户的销售合同,应只由B与其客户独立签订.B应具有唯一权提供和/或接受这类合同的条件.
Except for otherwise exprely provided herein, A shall have no right to receive from B’s Customers any payment for the Goods.
除另有明文规定外, A没有权利收受来自B客户的任何货款.
3.A’s Obligations
3.A的义务
A shall in no manner whatsoever modify the price for the duration of this Agreement.A在该项协议的期限内不得以任何方式修改价格.
A shall be obligated to timely respond to B’s letter, fax, notice, telephone and other inquiry.
A应有义务及时回应B的信件,传真,通知,电话及其他需求.
4.Intellectual Property
4.知识产权
Except as exprely authorized by the Manufacturer, the Distributor shall have no
rights in respect of any trade names or trade marks used by the Manufacturer in relation to the Products of the goodwill aociated therewith, and the Distributor hereby
acknowledges that, except as exprely provided in this Agreement, it shall not acquire any rights in respect thereof and that all such rights and goodwill are, and shall remain, vested in the Manufacturer.
除非本协议另有制造商授权，分销商没有利用制造商产品的商品名称或商标以及与商誉相关联的权利。分销商在此承诺，除非本协议另有明确规定，分销商不应得到任何关于持续拥有及归附于制造商所有权和商誉的权利。
5 Representation and Warranty
5 声明和保证
Each Party hereby represents and warrants that neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement, nor the consummation of the transaction contemplated hereunder, nor compliance with any of the provisions of this Agreement, will conflict with, violate, result in a breach of, constitute a default (or an event that, with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, or require any authorization, consent, approval,
exemption or other action by or notice to any court or other governmental body or any other person under any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any contract or other agreement or to which such Party is bound.
双方在此声明并保证，本协议的签署与交付、本协议项下交易的完成、遵守本协议的任何规定，不会与任何法庭或者其他政府机构给予或者接受的授权、同意、许可、免除或者其他行为，或者在任何合同或者其他协议的条款、条件或者规定下约束该方的其他人员、发生冲突、违反、或者构成违约(或者是随着通知或时间的流逝，构成违约).
6.Term and Termination
6.期限与终止
The duration of this Agreementis One (2) years after the execution hereof
该协议在签订后的两年内有效。
Either Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement as of right and without judicial recourse, upon giving notice to the other Party, under any of the following
circumstances:
在任何一种情况下，任何一方均有权不经司法程序通知另一方解除本协议：
{你可以在这个地方添加一些合乎双方利益的情况,因公司性质不一样,情况也不一样,所以我不列举了}
7.Non-Aignment
7.不可转让
Neither Party shall have the right to aign the benefit of this Agreement (or any part of it), without the prior written approval of the other Party.没有另一方事先书面授权，任何一方无权转让本协议项下的利益(或其任何部分).
8.Applicable Law
8.适用法律
This Distribution Agreement shall be construed in all respects in accordance with the law of HongKong and the A hereto agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of the Court of the domicile of the B.
这项分销协议应视为在所有方面均按照国家法律和A同意服从B所在辖区法院的权限。
9.Miscellaneous
9.杂项条款
The Appendices are the integral part of this Agreement.The Appendices and this Agreement have the same effect.
甲方：Party A:(公司名)
乙方：Party B:公司英文名
甲、乙双方经友好协商，本着平等、自愿、诚实、互惠互利的原则，就乙方在中国大陆地区代理甲方产品在市场推广，销售等合作事宜达成如下协议：
Party A and B through friendly and voluntarily consulting on the basis of equality, honesty, and mutual benefit reached the following agreements on the market
promotion and sales of production of Party A in mainland of China.1.甲方授权乙方作为氦检，食品及包装工业的总代理，以气体种类N2/He，He/Air，CO2/N2，CO2/O2，O2/N2，O2/CO2/N2作为依据。
1.Party A authorized party B as China agency for helium inspection,food and
Packing Industry , and based on the category of the gas N2/He，He/Air，CO2/N2，CO2/O2，O2/N2，O2/CO2/N2.
2.甲方授权期限为本协议签署日起至
2.The privileged time is from the date signed the contract to Dec.31st, 2013.
3.乙方可以用“甲方授权总代理”的身份在中国大陆地区进行一切合法的商业活动，包括市场品牌的推广（展会、网络营销、媒体广告等）、战略合作伙伴的选择和确定、产品销售计划、价格策略的制订与实施以及工作范围内所有客户的售后服务（技术培训、备品备件供应、仪器设备维修等）
3.Party B can conduct all legal busine as “ general agency of party A”in mainland of China, including promotion of market brand ( trade show, online marketing, media ad.ect.), choosing
partners, product saling plan, formulating and implenting the pricing policies, and after-sale service for customers within work range( technical training, standby redundancy supply, equipment maintenance ect.).
4.甲方有义务在乙方进行市场品牌推广宣传过程中提供支持。甲方应充分利用乙方提供的市场宣传资源配以适当投入，积极开展市场推广活动。甲方全资投入包括：主要专业媒体的合作专栏和国内专业大型展会1至2个等。
4.Party A has the obligation to provide support to party B for promotion of
market brand.Party B should make full use of the market promotion material source offered by party A ,and be active in promoting marketing.Party A should invest in cooperative column of profeional media and1 or 2 domestic large-scale exhibition ect..
授权书
今XX公司授权于XX公司销售及推广本公司所有产品，即报价，价格协议，签合同，竞标等事宜。
特此授权
授权人：XX有限公司
2005年XX月XX日
Authorization
We hereby authorize xx company the right in the territory distribution; product promotion; quotation; pricing agreements; competitive bidding and so on
Authorized person:XX CO.,LTD M/D/Y
第14篇：英文诗歌翻译
I\'VE SAVED THE SUMMER -Rod McKuen
我攒下一段夏日
I\'ve saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new
I\'ve saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkne
Where your mind can feed
And for myself I\'ve kept your smile
When you were but nineteen
Till you\'re older you\'ll not konw
What brave young smiles can mean
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day
But if you\'ve a need for love
I\'ll give you all I own
It might help you down the road
Till you\'ve found your own
我攒下一段夏日，并把它送给了你；为了将冬晨留住，当初雪覆盖大地；
我攒下一缕阳光，以备你不时之需，在远离黑暗之所，你可以将力量提取。
而我已收藏了你的微笑，那时你正青春年少，直到长大你才会知道，勇敢的笑容多么重要。 我不知道答案，如何帮你向前，谜底在某处，也许是一天最后的时间。
但你若需要呵护，我必然全力以赴，帮你走过一段人生路，直到有人把你照顾
第15篇：英文报刊翻译
大学营救伊拉克学者行动
纽约市的The New School University 于昨天宣布成立New School InExile，一个为伊拉克学者提供一些物资和签证的组织。The New School 于1933年起从纳粹政府中救出了一个有名的犹太学者。
“进入二战以来，学者们经受了一个比以往都要危险的劫难。”New School的校长Bob Kerry说道。“在今天的伊拉克，几乎400名学者被长期流放，考古遗址被大肆破坏，地区的破坏程度创历史新高。”
The New School将会为学者提供一些物资，加速签证的办理，为学者提供住宿。
Mr.Kerry承认此项计划意义重大。“今天伊拉克学者的处境比1933年犹太学者更为糟糕，但是，我们正在努力，救助资金有限。有时我们更多的给予精神上的抚慰。这也是对Darfur受害者的关注比大城市或国家，例如伊拉克，芝加哥要多的原因。但是我们会尽我们所能。”“由于伊拉克的文艺再也不会如以前那般繁盛，它的考古遗址，博物馆，图书馆都不复存在。学者们必须为我们国家的决定做出修补，尽可能的保住学者，”Mr.Kerry 说。
The Ｎｅｗ Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ希望能与其他急于作出帮助救援行动的大学一起为此奋斗。
第16篇：英文参考翻译
谈机电一体化的现状和发展
摘要：机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果。此简述机电一体化技术的基本情况和发展背景，综述国内外机电一体化技术的现状，分析机电一体化技术的发展趋势。
关键词：机电一体化技术 发展趋势
现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，工程领域的技术改造与革命。在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品结构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入以“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。
1机电一体化概述
机电一体化是指在机构的主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。 机电一体化发展至今已经成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不断发展，还将被赋予新的内容。但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术及电力电子技术，根据系统功能目标要求，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术。由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面。机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别。机械工程技术由纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体系。但是，发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外，还被赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制、自动诊断与保护等。也就是说，机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的延伸，智能化特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。
2 机电一体化的发展状况
机电一体化的发展大体可以分为三个阶段：(1)20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段。在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来 1
完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起到了积极的作用。那时，研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态。由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。(2)20世纪70-80年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的出现，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是：mechatronics一词首先在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认;机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展;各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给予很大的关注和支持。(3)20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段，机电一体化进入深入发展时期。一方面，光学、通信技术等进入机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支。中国是从20世纪80年代初才开始进行这方面的研究和应用。国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组，并将该技术列入“863计划”中。在制定“九五”规划和2010年发展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的发展动向和由此可能带来的影响。许多大专院校、研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用做了大量的工作，取得了一定成果。但与日本等先进国家相比，仍有相当差距。
3 机电一体化的发展趋势
机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、控制、计算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合，它的发展和进步依赖并促进相关技术的发展。机电一体化的主要发展方向大致有以下几个方面：
3.1 智能化
智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术的一个重要发展方向。人工智能在机电一体化的研究中日益得到重视，机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用之一。这里所说的“智能化”是对机器行为的描述，是在控制理论的基础上，吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法，使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维及自主决策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目标。诚然，使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能，是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速度的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或者人的部分智能，则是完全可能而且必要的。
3.2 模块化
模块化是一项重要而艰巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口和环境接口等的机电一体化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又非常重要的事情。如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元，具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元，以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置等。有了这些标准单元就可迅速开发出新产品，同时也可以扩大生产规模。为了达到以上目的，还需要制定各项标准，以便于各部件、单元的匹配。
3.3 网络化
由于网络的普及，基于网络的各种远程控制和监视技术方兴未艾，而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品。现场总线和局域网技术的应用使家用电器网络化已成大势，利用家庭网络(home net)将各种家用电器连接成以计算机为中心的计算机集成家电系统(computer integrated appliance system，CIAS)，能使人们呆在家里就可分享各种高技术带来的便利与快乐。因此，机电一体化产品无疑将朝着网络化方向发展。
3.4 微型化
微型化兴起于20世纪80年代末，指的是机电一体化向微型机器和微观领域发展的趋势。国外称其为微电子机械系统(MEMS)，泛指几何尺寸不超过1cm3的机电一体化产品，并向微米、纳米级发展。微机电一体化产品体积小，耗能少，运动灵活，在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有无可比拟的优势。微机电一体化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术。微机电一体化产品的加工采用精细加工技术，即超精密技术，它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类。
3.5 环保化
工业的发达给人们生活带来巨大变化。一方面，物质丰富，生活舒适;另一方面，资源减少，生态环境受到严重污染。于是，人们呼吁保护环境资源，回归自然。绿色产品概念在这种呼声下应运而生，绿色化是时代的趋势。绿色产品在其设计、制造、使用和销毁的生命过程中，符合特定的环境保护和人类健康的要求，对生态环境无害或危害极少，资源利用率极高。设计绿色的机电一体化产品，具有远大的发展前景。机电一体化产品的绿色化主要是指，使用时不污染生态环境，报废后能回收利用。
3.6 系统化
未来的机电一体化更加注重产品与人的关系，机电一体化的人格化有两层含义：一层是如何赋予机电一体化产品人的智能、情感、人性等等，显得越来越重要，特别是对家用机器人，其高层境界就是人机一体化;另一层是模仿生物机理，研制出各种
机电一体化产品。事实上，许多机电一体化产品都是受动物的启发而研制出来的。综上所述，机电一体化的出现不是孤立的，它是许多科学技术发展的结晶，是社会生产力发展到一定阶段的必然要求和产物。当然，与机电一体化相关的技术还有很多，并且随着科学技术的发展，各种技术相互融合的趋势将越来越明显，机电一体化技术的发展前景也将越来越光明。
第17篇：英文文献翻译
在回顾D和H的文章时，我愿意第一个去单独地讨论每一篇，然后发表一些总体的观点。
在他的论文中，D系统地发表了一个隐形的问题的分析和当前在教育研究中的两难问题。他提出了几个含蓄的假设需要被提问，严重地甚至通过定量的和定型的研究者，就像政策的提出者。
在这些假设中，其中一个是关于推论创新的项目的原因。D的总体结论是我们做改革因为他们有有用的政治和经济的末端。不幸运地是，它看起来很多的项目都被做了因为确实是D提出来的原因。
另一个提出的观点与被学习变量有关。在讨论他的第三章中，D提出了一个观点，研究需要利用很长的时间，比半年和一年的在校时间还要长。正如第三章，他指出，这个很长的等级观点是因为巨大的变化。大量的变量需要被考虑进去在下一代被提出之前，或者有庞大地例子在传统的例子被改革之前。
在最近几年，研究者已经使用不同的变量，例如盟约。更多的这些是“天资与勤奋相互作用。”然而，仅仅设定了一个标准变量。在第三章中的一个暗示是，我们需要去看多种变量就像我们去看预测的变量。每一个个体的支出都与确定的协变量紧密相关。另外，多种的支出在不同的联系当中将会代表其他的变量需要去学习。这个提出了一些问题:。足够的数据分析工具是为了这些分析吗？他对一些简单的单一变量有什么作用呢？
同等重要的是，。我们需要停止与那些旧的变量保持联系在一些教育的研究当中。并且这些研究没有表明新的关系。。也许通过定量研究方法和新的理论的结构，我们能辨别一些新的变量，。当我们去预测这些方法的时候，将会有新的理解。除此之外，D建议，大多数创新不能使它成为过去的一点。这一点说明。是否在一个控制变量的因素当中，有一个改变。二是在支出中的变量，我自己的研究暗示表明大多数的研究实际上不使它成为一点，例如在一项估计的研究当中，我们发现百分之四十九的老师被叫做控制组在创新当中，当百分之八十四的老师在训练组正在使用它。依靠是否对控制组和实验组的数据分析。或者使用者和不使用者的数据分析。支出是完全不同的。针对粒子的设计是不充足的情况，我们需要对暗示是否出现做一个明显的检查。
最后，我建议Dawson的文章需要另外一章。我知道来自研究的所有产量在第九章里不是一个相同的尺码。一些携带了大量的重量来解释更多的变化比起其他。在教室里的老师，例如，占据了大多数的变量与地位和因素的影响有关。另外一章将会展现不同的变量去反应一些关于变量是怎样相互作用的知识。
根据H的文章，我得到了大量有帮助的思想，我有几个想发表的观点。其中一个最重要的和令人兴奋的观点是给每一个网站设计一个全职工作者。这是一条来自最短的报道评估设计，他提供了一个去得到另外一个网站的机会。H描述的策略是为了选择和训练这些领域的工人听起来很受影响，尤其是关于前所未有的领域的关于他们角色的一个有能力的设施。
然而，我是带着不舒服去尝试制作领域的工人不引人注目，通过不允许他们在正在学习的领域里办演。正如H的文件，最后的结果是任何事情除了不引人注目。如果他们已经参与到观测，看起来将会更少引人注目和惊讶，在当前系统里扮演着一个暂时的角色。
它也会出现失败，那就是在主题背后会增加领域内工作人员和客户的困难。鉴于研究的长度和广度，确定必要的信息去面对主题。几乎任何数据至少给出客户一种客户系统，那就是正在被收集的数据各种数据，去帮助更多在这个领域的信誉和研究本身。
H的建议，学校文化的“客户”被用来作为领域的工作者是有趣的。我怀疑，尽管\"客户\"需要来自美洲的去被招聘，来自这个国家的学校与美国的不同。教育领域之外的美国人不适应于有根据的，或者很少了解美国的学校比起教育家。知道“顾客”是否做是有益的，实际上，与那些被训练的教育家不同的是，他们收集的数据。
H非常强调合同研究的问题,。我注意到我们已经完全陷入到研究当中，通过不断地改变权力项目地实施产品的需求的经历，还有做了的网站评论，还有不断的不确定支出。这是合同研究专利的事实之一，而且不是质性研究方法的唯一。
根据这些文章我将有两个观点。首先，如果D是正确的，对于支出的复杂性而言，还有就是当遇到两个问题的分析。多种多样的质性设计在目标上h正确的.。一方面。如果D是正确的话这个有意义的改变在收入和支出的变量中间是不一样的,我们将学校在传统的形势下,他能进入更加有益的改变,然后整个事实在这个实验学校项目当中有一个大的尝试，并且在这个尝试当中有一个小的改变,可能不是一个好的投资。
第二，h的整个项目案例在抵御政治上的需要，为了一个更快的荣誉。d的文章和h的工作建议，我们需要去追求更长的研究，然而，但是在政治和经济的压力下会得到更加真实，并且每一个资金都会与那些被选择的少于批评的有关系。并且在一些长期的研究过程中需要一个稳定。这两个作者都认为。我怀疑，我们有一些政府的问题需要解决，如果这个问题是为什么做这个演示的项目呢，需要一个积极的答案。
第18篇：英文短文翻译
11The key problem here lies in the causality
12Those who made a fu said that they have confirmed that violence on the media causes aggreive behavior.13But the aumption in their study need to be tested.
14When we list game as violence or nonviolence, whether the scene a hero eat ghost can be referred to violence? 15When experimenter record the time which game player spent on reading a list of the “aggreive” or “non-aggreive” , can we be sure that they are weighing?
16In order to compare the method, ideas and conclusion of the media violence’s research, the new Harvard Media and Child Health collected these media violence, and made it standardized, their intention was an important step in the right direction.
17Another appropriate method should be desalinizing criticism before we know more.
18Many researchers have done a lot of writing , communication and validation on the threat caused by media violence
19Of course , it’s their privilege.
20But when do this now, they often announced the problem has been solved, thus incurred criticism from colleagues.21In response to these criticisms, those who are alarmist accused of these critics and journalists to be deceived by the entertainment
industry.
22Such a conflict is not helpful to the scientific research and the society.
第19篇：英文考试翻译
Unit 5(1）他为我们公司当顾问，工作中遇到困难时我们经常向他清教（consult）
He consults for our company and we often consult him when we encounter problems in our work.
2）不要试图去作弊——你决不会得逞的。（get away with sth.）
Don\'t try to cheat — you’ll never get away with it.
3）不论可能面临什么样的困难，我父亲总是很乐观。他给我们树立了一个正面的榜样。（regardle of, role model）
My father is always optimistic, regardle of the difficulties that he may face.He is a positive role model for us.
4）这本小说描写了20世纪二三十年代中国一个大家族的兴衰沉浮。（ups and downs）
This novel decribes the ups and downs of a big family during China’s 1920’s and 1930’s.
5）做事只有好心是不够的，还要有理智。（in good faith）
It is not enough to act in good faith.We also need to act reasonably.
6）考试前开夜车（burn the midnight oil），你也许能考个好分数，但从长远看，平时用功才能真正取得学业成功。（in the long run） You may score good marks by burning the midnight oil before the exams, but in the long run you have to study hard every day to achieve academic excellence.
7）不要长时间盯着电脑屏幕，每过一阵就要抬眼看看远处。（once in a while）
Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long.Raise your eyes once in a while and look into the distance.
8）从别人所犯的错误中吸取教训是很有益处的。（to one’s advantage）
It’s to your advantage to learn from the mistakes of others.
Unit 6.1）只有通过反复实践我们才能学习和进步。（by trial and error）
It is only by trial and error that we learn and progre / make progre.
2）你应该知道心灵的教育是很重要的。它会使你与众不同。（distinguish…from…）
You should know that the education of the heart is very important.It will distinguish you from others.
3）一个追求完美的人对痛苦的容忍度往往很低。周围的事物会让他们看不顺眼。（strive for, a low threshold of）
A person who strives for perfection tends to have a low threshold of pain.Things around bother them.
4）他们认为正直是个原则问题，愿意为之牺牲一切。（a matter of, for sth.’s sake）
They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake.
5）人们根据你交往的朋友来判断你。如果与坏人为伍，你就是自找麻烦。（invite）
People judge you by the company you keep.You’re inviting trouble if you get into bad company.
6）直言不讳（speaking one’s mind），不顾其他人的感受不是一种美德。（without regard to）
Speaking your mind without regard to other people’s feelings is not a virtue.
7）她的敏感令她承受的痛苦比普通人所能想像的要多。（expose…to…）
Her sensitivity exposes her to more suffering and pain than ordinary people can imagine.
8）我们必须使人们意识到保护环境的必要性。（awaken sb.to sth.）
We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.
Unit 7 .(1) 我们一起工作已经很长时间了，从来没有因为意见分歧而妨碍到我们之间的友谊。（get in the way of sth.）
We’ve worked together for a long time and have never let our differing opinions get in the way of our friendship.
2）这项协议将为两国间的持久和平铺平道路。（pave the way for）
This agreement will pave the way for a lasting peace between the two countries.
3）他们通常要等你开始放松警惕，才提出他们的要求。（let one’s defenses down）
They usually don’t mention their requirements until you are beginning to let your defenses down.
4）要有勇气面对自己的失误，不要出了问题就想把责任推到别人身上去。（shift the blame onto sb.）
You should have the courage to face your own mistakes.Don’t try to shift the blame onto others when things go wrong.
5）如果你经常担惊受怕，你会发现这本书很有帮助。（more often than not）
If you are more often than not affected by fear and worry, you will find this book very useful.
6）我既然接受了这个职位，就会尽自己所能完成本职工作。（to the best of one’s ability）
Now that I have accepted the position, I shall certainly do to the best of my ability all that is required of me.
7）如果你每天要做的事情没有计划，你就很可能做不了多少事。（Chances are high that…）
If you don’t have a plan of what you will do every day, chances are high that you won’t do much.
8）真是英雄所见略同啊，你的想法跟他的完全一致呢。（in line with）
Great minds think alike.Your ideas are completely in line with his.
Unit 8.(1）诚然，没有人是完美的，但我们总是可以做得更好。（It is true that …but…）
It is true that no one is perfect, but we can always do better.
2）莫扎特（Mozart）常被称为有史以来最伟大的音乐家之一。（refer to…as, of all time）
Mozart is often referred to as one of the greatest musicians of all time.
3）人人都会遇到逆境，但你的生活质量在很大程度上取决于你如何利用可用资源去应对逆境。（tap into）
Adversity comes to every one, but the quality of your life may depend in a large measure on how you tap into resources available to handle that adversity.
4）写作时，你可以利用亲身经历举例来解释自己的观点。（draw on）
When writing, you can draw on your personal experience for examples to help explain your ideas.
5）圣诞节是严冬中的一丝温暖（warmth），黑暗里的一盏明灯。（in the depth of）
Christmas is a little warmth in the depth of winter and a bright light in the dark.
6）有时，当我们试图得到更多时，收获却越少。（go for）
Sometimes we do get le when we go for more.
7）如果你不愿意原谅那些伤害过你的人，一心想要以其人之道还治其人之身，只会令你的生活更糟糕。（in kind）
It will only make your life worse if you refuse to forgive those who have done you wrong and be determined to repay them in kind.
8）许多农场主声称今夏的恶劣天气使他们绝望了。（drive sb.to sth.）
Many farmers claim that the vicious weather this summer has driven them to despair.
第20篇：英文论文翻译
乡村旅游及旅游业多元化带来的挑战：
以塞浦路斯为例 Richard Sharpley 摘要
乡村旅游长期以来一直被认为是一种实现经济和社会发展与更新的途径，更确切地说,它已被推广成为一种高效的收入来源和及实现就业的产业,特别是在一些偏远的传统农业已经开始萎缩的农村地区。为了带来像沿海度假村一样的旅游效益，现在有很多旅游都开始转向内陆以乡村旅游的方式多元化他们的旅游产品和市场。本论文的目的在于在一定程度上探讨这种乡村旅游所代表的一个现实的旅游发展政策。基于研究农业旅游的发展在塞浦路斯所遇到的挑战和问题，强调乡村旅游的企业家在开发乡村旅游中遇到的一些问题。特别指出乡村旅游开发成本高回报率低,许多旅游经营者缺少必要的技能和的支配能力等重大挑战。总的来说，长期的资金与技术支持是乡村旅游能否取得发展的重要因素。 1.简介
旅游长期以来一直被认为是一种有效的促进农村经济的发展与更新的方法。在整个欧洲,特别是那些亟需解决社会和经济面临的各种挑战，传统农业产业的逐渐衰落的周边农村区，旅游业被广泛推广和依赖成为的一种有效的解决手段。另外,它对整个欧洲的财政结构有重要的影响。例如,在1989年到1993年间，欧盟的5.5%结构性资金都分配在旅游开发投资项目。而在1994年和1999年,一共有73亿欧元的资金用于促进旅游业的发展。
更具体地说，超过三分之一的投资项目涉及到旅游业。乡村旅游发展方案也在其他地方变得越来越明显，虽然与在欧洲的开发程度不同。例如，在美国，已经发现有30个州的开发旅游政策专门针对农村地区，还有另外14个已包括乡村旅游的整体旅游发展方案。同样，乡村旅游企业也越来越多为了弥补农业收入及其他合营机构收入的下降。然而，在许多其他国家，包括加拿大，澳大利亚，新西兰和那些两个前东欧及亚太地区，旅游业是促进经济增长和改变在农村地区的主要动力。
同时，这也超越了一般的的发展与再生作用，乡村旅游正日益成为促进以与大量的包装型旅游目的地相对应。也就是说,一些流行阳关海滩旅游目项目,近年来,准备多元化旅游项目，分散投资于乡村旅游,这既是一种区域化又是一种形式化，作为农村传统旅游反对沿海现代旅游的方式，从而使旅游业以更均衡的、可持续的方法发展。更具体地说,乡村旅游业的发展传统上是被看作是一个夏日阳关目的地，他不仅是改变农村发展的手段也是实现旅游多元化增加旅游吸引力的重要手段，缓和市场高速发展存在的问题;减轻季节性联系问题;鼓励自主旅游使旅游经济效益的传播到旅游内地;更多的促进文化发展,并不单一的强调气候、景点;而且满足环境境需求平均这种个人旅游形式。这样的一个旅游目的地，已要求通过多样化和经济复兴的乡村旅游推广塞浦路斯。在过去的40多年来，塞浦路斯已成为一个重要要的地中海夏日太阳目的地，成功生长旅游基础显示着岛屿社会经济的发展。在1991年后，该项目领导劳纳推出了一体化岛屿为元素旅游发展战略。
然而，尽管塞浦路斯农业旅游项目表面上已经遇到了一些成功，包括获得英国航空的“旅游为明天”奖，但对其以保持其可行性和有效性的一个旅游多样化政策仍存在怀疑。正如本文所展示的，许多证据表明存在的问题和挑战这不仅不利于塞浦路斯农业旅游的发展，也农村传统观念旅游业相矛盾。本文的目的是要强调这些挑战，指出相关的经验教训，向其他旅游地区，如加那利群岛，这个也在寻找通过乡村旅游多元化旅游产业的地区提供借鉴。但是，首先有必要简单回顾一下乡村旅游发展的潜在好处和的挑战，作为具体分析塞浦路斯农业旅游的框架。
2.乡村旅游： 经济发展的灵丹妙药？
在许多国家，乡村旅游受到很多实质性的鼓励与支持，在某些情况下同时从公共和私营企业取得财政援助。在过去三十年来，许多农村经济体都遭受了严重的衰败，就业率的下降和收入水平减少使传统农业进入经济的恶性循环。特别是农村人均收入已经远低于全国平均值，而公共服务的损耗，高失业水平和年轻人的外出，使受教育的农村成员在社区集体结构中处于濒危的状态。因此乡村旅游不仅仅被作为一种潜在的扭转这种局面的手段而且，由于它促进农村各种关系的紧密联系使得农村社会经济得以健康发展。它已成为一个不可分割的农村发展的政策。
这种对乡村旅游业日益增长的依赖和支持是取决于农村地区感知的许多好处。一般来说，乡村旅游业被视为一种宝贵的和不断增长的行业在整体旅游市场，占有重要收入来源。例如据估计在英格兰乡村旅游，每年约90亿英镑的利润。更具体地说，农村旅游业的发展对农村地区所面临的问题提供了解决方案。归纳如下：
（1）通过旅游业及现有企业促进经济增长，实现产业结构多样化和稳定性，提供更多的就业机会增加人民收入。创造的新市场农产品，以及不断扩大的地区的经济基础。
（2）社会文化发展，包括重农村地区的革新，维护和改善，公共服务的加强及地方的振兴对当地自然及环境结构的改善。
在一定程度上实现了这些好处仍引起争议。当然，有证据指出，作为经济增长的工具和多样化的手段，旅游业在提高农民收入水平和促进当地经济增长作出了重要贡献。同样，毫无疑问，旅游业是就业的重要来源，特别是在传统上受欢迎的农村目的地，对农村地区社会和环境发展，起到重要的作用，同时旅游业作为农村地区所面临的问题的灵丹妙药这种说法必须谨慎对待。
也就是说，在某种程度上旅游有利于农村发展的多样性，因此它值得政府的支持和资助。然而在有些地区，乡村旅游业的发展与他本固有的经济发展矛盾。研究表明有很多因素不利于农村通过乡村旅游实现经济多样化和增长。
特别是已经发现，旅游业对农村额外收入的增加很少达到预期的希望。在某种程度上，这可以解释的是，乡村旅游企业往往是小规模和高度季节性市场，这些包括：
（1）并非所有农村地区都同样吸引游客，简单的提供住宿并不能保证需求。产品包装必须足以吸引和留住游客，提供适当的消费机会。
（2）乡村旅游发展和组织可能会要求重要投资能够取得更大潜在回报。在这种情况下，政府补可能需要维持旅游业的利润。
（3）当地社区和企业可能会发现难以适应这种服务。例如，欧洲农民 发现它难以通过与旅游工业农业结合的实现商品化农业。换句话说，农业价值和客户服务价值往往不可压缩。
（4）产品和服务的质量必须符合游客的需求和期望。在在罗马尼亚中部地区，因乡村旅游不符合海外游客的需求而阻碍了成功。 （5）个人通常不具有乡村旅游业的技能和有效的资源市场营销以及成功的先决条件。在许多地区或国家，市场营销和广告支持是可用的，尽管当地农村社区对外来援助可能表示反感。
这些挑战并不是出现在每一种情况。然而，他们确实表明，旅游业并不是解决农村所面临的问题的必须手段。也就是说，旅游可能并不是最适合的发展道路，而成本和以上总结的其他困难可能限制 潜在的经济回报。此外，由于以下对
塞浦路斯研究表明，这些困难会在与那些带有传统的阳关沙滩的旅游地点竞争时加剧。
3.塞浦路斯的旅游业
塞浦路斯旅游业的发展是1960年从英国统治下独立后开始的。当时，岛上极度落后，旅游业几乎不存在。事实上，在1960年仅25000旅客人数，旅游收益占本地生产总值约百分之2.5。有趣的是在这个数字的背景下，旅游业也只是在山上度假胜地，在1960年占几乎岛上的4000个床位的一半。当地正在寻找发展岛上乡村旅游的途径。
从20世纪60年代开始，塞浦路斯的旅游业开始繁华。直到1974年，这个岛的年接待旅游人数以每年20%的速度增长，在1973年参观者的人数已经达到264000人.在此期间，凯里尼亚和法玛古斯塔的沿海地区发展的最快，这为小岛发展为一个主要的夏日阳光目的地打下了基础。但是在1974年随着土耳其人的入侵其对塞浦路斯北部的占领，小岛的经济几近崩溃。大部分酒店，以及位于尼科西亚的国际机场和其他的一些旅游设施都以被破坏，到1975年只剩下仅仅47000家。
尽管如此，旅游产业再次出现不可思议的恢复和增长。到20世纪80年代。小岛的旅客人数相比于全球4.2%的增长率，其增长了16%。旅游收入再次恢复到1977年的2.38亿。
到20世纪80年代，小岛旅游的年平均增长率达到了23%。在1999年，旅游收入达到两千四百万，旅游业已经发展成为塞浦路斯的经济支柱产业，占整个GDP的20%，就业率的25%，出口额的40%。也是因为旅游业的发展，塞浦路斯人的生活水平在地中海地区仅此于法国和意大利，达到第三位。
塞浦路斯旅游业的发展已经被很好的记录下来，但是尽管塞浦路斯的取得了令人瞩目的发展，仍然存在许多对以后发展有为威胁的因素。
到1992年，人们已经认识到塞浦路斯的快速发展是不可持续的。沿海的大部分土地已经被开发殆尽，岛上的自然资源和人力资源面临严重的压力。由于经济增长严重依赖旅游业使得整个经济面临威胁。然而塞浦路斯旅游业的经济发展仍然因为以下原因继续增长：
（1）自上世纪80年代，岛上开始玩数字游戏即以到来的人数来测量旅游业的成功。然而90年代到此的旅客人数并不稳定，其中大部分是被圣拿帕的短暂流行的俱乐部和舞蹈所吸引。
（2）尽管在其他方面也有所努力，塞浦路斯的依然依靠它的传统核心产业。英国游客一直是岛上的主要来源，在1992 年占到了54.6%。由于塞浦路斯制定的旅游政策，英国游客在1996年下降到36.9%，但在1999年又重新达到47.5%。塞浦路斯的其他市场，如斯堪的纳维亚半岛和德国大概占到10%。
（3）在90年代，来塞浦路斯的游客由于本地旅游业的包容性，停留时间由1991年的12.5天下降到1996年的10.92天，从一定程度上来说，游客的平均花费也比预期的要少。
（4）塞浦路斯的旅游业有很强的季节性。超多四分之一的游客主要在七月到八月，整个从7月到9月的夏季游客占到全年游客的40%。
（5）大多数来塞浦路斯的游客都是跟团旅游。特别是英国和斯堪的纳维亚市场，分别占80%呵100%。不仅是这个因素制约了旅游业的发展，同时旅游业掌握在少数经营者手中也是个不利因素。这些都限制了岛上旅游业的发展潜力，30%的游客都由一家名为德曼集团控制着。1999年，岛上能够提供86000个床位，其中大部分在沿海地区。例如在法玛古斯塔东南部地区已经从孤立的乡村旅游转变为岛上最热闹的度假胜地。占据整个游客的40%，帕福斯以24%紧随其后，后者相比1991年增长了50%。更重要的是，从8年代兴起的自助式住宿对塞浦路斯的旅游业有很重要的影响。
总的来说，塞浦路斯旅游业的迅速发展有着季节性，跟团性及被少数商家操控的特点。相反的内陆的乡村地区却只占很少的一部分。 4.塞浦路斯农业旅游的发展
塞浦路斯当局也认识到旅游业发展所面临的问题，在80年代中期当旅游业发展至最好时期时，有关发展方向及发展规模的措施也相应出台。特别是针对鼓励山丘地区的旅游发展，目的在与增加多样性及旅游收入。
从那时起，历任计划和政策所追求的是实现更平衡以旅游的方式，虽然成果有限但含蓄的目标正在放缓旅游业的发展，改善和多样化旅游产品，以吸引高消费游客减少季节性的影响;以及扩大环岛旅游的利润。在过去的十年来，为实现这些目标农业旅游的发展一直是主要的手段。
塞浦路斯的农业旅游项目在1991年由当局旅游部门发起，旨在改革岛上的社会经济。以下是具体措施：
（1）激活乡村旅游以减少人口迁出。
（2）借助乡村旅游开辟一个更具意义的通道。 （3）通过多样化的旅游吸引新的旅游市场。
（4）根据塞浦路斯传统文化特色发展独特的旅游模式。
（5）保护和保存现有的自然及建筑环境，并增强传统的生活习惯和文化。 总的来说，农业旅游包含典型的乡村旅游发展的目标。这不是说将要取代传统的乡村经济，而是一种更加可持续的发展，同时也将岛上的旅游产品重新定位。
5.乡村旅游：挑战 5.1缺乏支持
无一例外，所有的受采访的农业旅游企业家都在抱怨缺乏政府的支持，特别是关于降低相关的财政支持。相比于某些装修费用已达到300，000，这其中利息补贴是微不足道的。与此同时，很多业主无法拿到相关部门所宣称的银行贷款。这些是因为其中相当一部分人事老年人，银行不愿意提供他们贷款。大部分受采访的经营者表示，他们的旅游项目成本高且收入来源有限。 5.2 缺乏培训
与相关部门的政策相反，很少有人说他们得到了相应的建议培训及有关塞浦路斯传统文化的教育。尽管有些人从希腊和爱尔兰的的经验中获得相关的知识，但这仅仅局限于早期的发展。相反的越来越来的人接受相关的培训，结果受采访者中只有5人觉得他们具有为游客提供专业服务的素质。 5.3 缺少设施 大部分受访者提到了他们的村庄缺乏设施和景点。特别是，很多大的村庄只有一到二个旅馆这对游客的选择性有很大的局限。大概有50%以上的旅馆不提供食物以及缺乏继续扩大的能力。同样，这里缺乏能让游客感受当地文化，艺术的设施。
总的来说，显而易见的是，塞浦路斯农业旅游已取得了一些成功，但与预设的目标仍有很大的差距。另一方面，一些传统的特色得益于这项项目的修复。与此同时，研究当地社区之间的积极的态度以及对重新建立传统文化做法和信念，极大鼓舞农业旅游的再生发展。
