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英语八大时态总结表(精选多篇)

发布时间:2022-04-26 18:06:51 来源:其他工作总结 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

推荐第1篇:初中英语八大时态总结归纳

初中英语八大时态

一般现在时:am/is/are + 动词原形

一般过去时:was/were + 动词的过去式

现在进行时:am/is/are + 动词的现在分词

过去进行时:was/were + 动词的现在分词

一般将来时:will + 动词原形

过去将来时:助动词 would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to + 动词原形

现在完成时:助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词

过去完成时:助动词 had + 动词的过去分词

一般现在时:every day,week,mouth,year,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom 一般过去时:yesterday,the day,before,yesterday,just,now,ago,last week 现在进行时:now,these days,this week,all the time

过去进行时:at the day,then,this time yesterday,the hole morning

一般将来时:tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next time,from now on,later (on),soon 过去将来时:the next day,the following week,soon,one day,in a week

现在完成时:already,yet,never,so far,since,before

推荐第2篇:英语时态总结

一、一般现在时

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays,

3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don\'t, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6.例句:.It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words..

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二、一般过去时

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式

4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

I didn\'t know you were so busy.

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三、现在进行时

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen

3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其他

4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

6.例句: How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his leons.

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四、过去进行时

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他

4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

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五、现在完成时

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其他

4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他

5.一般疑问句:have或has。

6.例句:I\'ve written an article.

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

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六、过去完成时

1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.

3.基本结构:主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其他

4.否定形式:主语+had + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他

5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books

基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其他

①肯定句:主语+ had+p.p(过去分词)+其他

②否定句:主语+ had+ not+p.p(过去分词)+其他

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其他

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

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七、一般将来时

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他;主语+will/shall + do+其他

4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其他

5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

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八、过去将来时

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…),the following

month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其他;主语+would/should + do+其他

4.否定形式:主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

I asked who was going there .

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九、将来完成时

1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)

3.基本结构:主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p(过去分词)+其他4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.

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十、现在完成进行时

1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构:主语+have/has +been +doing+其他

3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。

4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.

The children have been watching TV since six o\'clock.

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一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has paed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:

A.He joined the League two years ago.

B.He has been in the League for two years.

C.It is two years since he joined the League.

D.Two years has paed since he joined the League.

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二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

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三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:

The train is leaving soon.

The train will leave soon.

推荐第3篇:英语时态总结

英语时态总结

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。在这里,我们重点讲解一下最常见的11种时态的用法和注意事项。

1.一般现在时:小学就开始学这个,大家都会吧,有几点强调一下我们就走。

A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.

B)习惯用语:这个要在平时自己积累,因为习语太多,我不做过多解释。

Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.

口语中常说believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我说的是真的”。believe it or not是一个固定说法,相当一个插入语,短语中的believe没有词形变化。这点要注意,以后会教你们动名词的用法,到时候会牵涉到主语的问题。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

Ie:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.这个句子要注意,到了以后的定语从句经常会有这样的问题,具体细节到 时候在说,不过你们要先有这样的概念:客观事实无论谓语的时态是什么都用一般现在时。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

ex: When does the plan leave?这个句子注意一下,就是这么用的,有人会注意到这样的问题: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.为什么不用将来时,对了,很奇怪,但就是这么用的。

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。

Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.(完成时,往下看会出现)

2.现在进行时(be doing) 的用法:上了初一就教这个吧,比一般现在还简单。表示现在正在做的动作,但要注意有的动词不能用于进行时,这类词称为短暂性动词,如,open, borrow等等,在完成时态常常会碰到,平时要注意积累。

3.现在完成时(have done):重要考点,初二以后几乎都是完成时态。

A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

ex: I have just finished my homework.B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。这里联系进行时,他们都一样,不能用短暂性动词,★★★☆☆考点。

C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)

注意:

A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。

例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)

B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(终端动词)

C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。

例: This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"(在……之前)等句型中,主句要求完成时。

例:I haven't met that profeor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing):和现在进行时很像

1) 用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。

例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)

2) 注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

5.一般过去时

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

ex:I went to Beijing last year.B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。

ex: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的区别,used to表过去常常,be used to 表示习惯于,前者to是不定式符号,后者则是介词,后接名词、动名词、代词)

C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

ex: Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

Could you pa me the pen?

注意:

A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时 间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。注意,到了初二将会是★★★★☆考点,不会不行,逃不了的,几乎每次都考。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

6.过去完成时(had done)

用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。

画一条时间轴过去完成__●_一般过去_◇_一般现在___○______

2) 注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。 ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.7.过去将来时(would/ should do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。其实和将来时没什么区别啦。 ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.宾从、直引经常碰到这样的例子,注意。

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.

B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.9.一般将来时

A) 基本结构是will / shall do。古英语认为will用于第

二、三人称,shall用于第一人称,但后来没做硬性规定,will比较常用。I will be home at 10.

B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。初一接触比较 多的是be going to,后面的包括will/shall到了后来才出现,其他如sleep很少见,初中阶段我几乎没见过sleep这么用的, leave, come, arrive也常见

ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.

C) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事,后常与when连用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.D)"be to do"的5种用法:

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)

b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in le than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)

c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)

例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)

d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。

例:I aure you that the matter _______ as quickly as poible.Have a little patience.

A.will be attended B.will be attended to

C.is attended D.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

E) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.

注意:

在 以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unle 等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调 延续性或动态时,可用完成时。

例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

10.将来进行时(will be doing) 调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

ex: Don't worry, you won't mi her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

11.将来完成时(will have done) 表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个 将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.

推荐第4篇:英语时态总结

★★★ 英语时态总结 ★★★

1.一般现在时(do);

2.一般过去时(did);

3.一般将来时( will do) ( be going to do);

4.一般过去将来时( would do);

5.现在进行时( be doing);

6.过去进行时(was/were doing);

7.将来进行时( will be doing);

8.过去将来进行时( would be doing) ( was/were going to do);

9.现在完成时(have done);

10.过去完成时( had done);

11.将来完成时( will have done);

12.过去将来完成时(would have done);

13.现在完成进行时( have been doing);

14.过去完成进行时( had been doing);

15.将来完成进行时( will have been doing);

16.过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)

推荐第5篇:初中英语八大时态教案

初中英语八大时态

一、一般现在时:

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.

2.时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,

3.基本结构:主语+动词 原形+宾语 主语+am is are+表语 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(es)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,通常还原行为动词.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.6.例句:It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.

二、一般过去时:

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词.6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.

三、现在进行时:

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.2.时间状语:now,at this time,thesedays,etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首.6.例句:How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his leons.

四、现在完成时: 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.2.时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,etc.3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:have或has提前

6.例句:I've written an article.It has been raining these days.

五、一般将来时:

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.2.时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加won't,同时还原行为动词.5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首.6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.

六、过去进行时:

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.2.时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.3.基本结构:was/were+doing 4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.

七、过去完成时: 1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”.

2.时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month…),etc.3.基本结构:had + done.4.否定形式:had + not + done.5.一般疑问句:had放于句首.6.例句:As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books

八、过去将来时:

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中.2.时间状语:the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构:was/were/going to do;would/should + do.4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首.6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there .

推荐第6篇:英语时态总结(完整)

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)

英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

(1)一般现在时

基本形式(以do为例):

第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);

肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;

He works for us.

否定句:主语+don„t/doesn\'t+动词原形+其他;

He doesn\'t work for us.

一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。

肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does).

否定回答:No,(+主语+don\'t/doesn\'t.)

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语

Does he work for us?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn\'t

What does he do for us?

He works for us.

(2)一般过去时

be动词+行为动词的过去式

否定句式:在行为动词前加didn„t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词例如: Did he work for us?

He didn\'t work for us.

He worked for us.

(3)一般将来时

am/are/is+going to+do 或

will/shall+do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do;

一般将来时的表达方法

be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

be able to +不定式

be about to+动词原形

will + 动词原形;

例如:He is going to work for us.

He will work for us;

He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!!

(4)过去将来时

be(was,were)going to+动词原形

be(was,were)about to+动词原形

be(was,were)to+动词原形

肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.

疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.

疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?

He would work for us.

(5)现在进行时

主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

例如:I am buying a book.

第一人称+am+doing+sth

第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

第三人称+is+doing+sth

例:He is working.

(6)过去进行时

肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它

否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn\'t/weren\'t.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

He was working when he was alive.

(7)将来进行时

主语+will + be +现在分词

He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

(8)过去将来进行时

should(would)+be+现在分词

He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

(9)现在完成时

基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\\He has worked for us for ten years.

Has he worked for us for ten years.

(10)过去完成时

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答:Yes,主语+had

否定回答:No,主语+hadn\'t

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)语法判定:

( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o\'clock last night.

( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

(11)将来完成时

(shall)will+have+动词过去分词

before+将来时间或by+将来时间

before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.(12)过去将来完成时

should / would have done sth.

He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.

(13)现在完成进行时

基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念have/has been +-ing 分词

He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.

(14)过去完成进行时

had been +-ing 分词

He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.

(15)将来完成进行时

主语+ shall/will have been doing

He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.

翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)

(16)过去将来完成进行时

should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称

would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

举例:

英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)

现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:

一般现在时:I listen

现在进行时:I am listening

过去进行时:I was listening

现在完成时:I have listened

现在完成进行时:I have been listening

一般将来时:I shall listen”或“I will listen.”

将来进行时:I shall be listening

一般过去时:I listened

过去完成时:I had listened

过去完成进行时:I had been listening

将来完成时: I shall have listened

将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening

英语中不存在属格

一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“\'s”结尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:The King of Sparta\'s wife was called Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。)如果“\'s”是属格,那么“妻子”(wife)就属于“斯巴达”(Sparta),但是“\'s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”(Sparta),而是表示“斯巴达国王”(King of Sparta)。

上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。在古英语中,ban的属格形式是banes。后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用“\'s”表示的“bone\'s”。在18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像“the King\'s horse”是“the King, his horse”的缩写。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中的“e”。

英语和“与格”

在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很好的例子是单词methinks(据我看来)。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化:me(与格的人称代词)+thinks(to seem,与动词词组to think很接近的一个词组)。 与格在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在“He built me a snowman.”中一样。在这个例子中,“me”是与格。

英语中不可把被动语态作为一种时态

在部分英语教材中,由于编者自身对被动语态的理解或其他原因,错误的将被动语态当成一种时态,但其实,被动语态是一种语态,不可能当作时态。在英国,这是一个常识。因此,在英国,如果有人犯了这种错误,简直是贻笑大方。

推荐第7篇:小字英语时态总结

1.一般现在时

用法:

A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

B)习惯用语。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

例:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)

How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。

例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

2.现在进行时(be doing)

用法:现在正在进行的动作。

3.现在完成时(have done)

用法:

A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell

答案是C) haven't sold。

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。

例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A) are to challenge C) have been challenged

B) may be challenged D) are challenging

全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。

C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)

注意事项

A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。

例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)

B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(终端动词)

C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。

例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。

例:I haven't met that profeor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。

例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)

注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例:1997年6月四级第45 题

It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A) had leaked B) is leaking

C) leaked D) has been leaking

从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

5.一般过去时

用法:

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。

例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

注意事项:

A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。

6.过去完成时(had done)

用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。

Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.

A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard

全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。

注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)

分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。

7.过去将来时(would/ should do)

用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)

注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

用法:

A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)

B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)

注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9.一般将来时

用法:

A) 基本结构是will / shall do。

例:We shall send her a gla hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)

B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。

例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)

C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。

例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)

D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)

E) "be to do"的5种用法:

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)

b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。

例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in le than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)

c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)

例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)

d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。

例:I aure you that the matter _______ as quickly as poible.Have a little patience.

A.will be attended B.will be attended to

C.is attended D.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想(接近”if ……want to,或if ……should)

例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.

A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been

答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”

F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)

例:1999年6月四级第65题

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A) in B) to C) at D) on

答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”

注意事项:

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unle等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。

例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例:Don't worry, you won't mi her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)

注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。

11.将来完成时(will have done)

用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

例:1997年1月四级第22题

The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.

A) must have lasted B) will have lasted

C) would last D) has lasted

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。

注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing

例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)

13)过去完成进行时:had been doing

例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)

14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing

例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)

15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done

例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)

16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing

例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。

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推荐第8篇:英语各种时态总结

英语各种时态总结

时态

一、一般现在时

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don\'t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6.例句:.It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words..时态

三、现在进行时

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:now, at this time, days, etc.look .listen

3.基本结构:be+doing

4.否定形式:be+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

6.例句: How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his leons.时态

五、现在完成时

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构:have/has + done

4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.

5.一般疑问句:have或has。

6.例句:I\'ve written an article.

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.时态

七、一般将来时

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.

4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。

5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.时态

九、将来完成时

1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)

3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done

4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.时态十

一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has paed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:

A.He joined the League two years ago.

B.He has been in the League for two years.

C.It is two years since he joined the League.

D.Two years has paed since he joined the League.时态十

三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:

The train is leaving soon.

The train will leave soon.时态十六种时态

所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;

现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;

现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;

现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时

推荐第9篇:英语时态总结英语时态总结2

英语时态总结英语时态总结

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。在这里,我们重点讲解一下最常见的5种时态的用法和注意事项。

1.一般现在时:小学就开始学这个,大家都会吧,有几点强调一下我们就走。

A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.

B)习惯用语:这个要在平时自己积累,因为习语太多,我不做过多解释。

Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.口语中常说believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我说的是真的”。believe it or not是一个固定说法,相当一个插入语,短语中的believe没有词形变化。这点要注意,以后会教你们动名词的用法,到时候会牵涉到主语的问题。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

Ie:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.这个句子要注意,到了以后的定语从句经常会有这样的问题,具体细节到时候在说,不过你们要先有这样的概念:客观事实无论谓语的时态是什么都用一般现在时。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

ex: When does the plan leave?这个句子注意一下,就是这么用的,有人会注意到这样的问题: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.为什么不用将来时,对了,很奇怪,但就是这么用的。

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.(完成时,往下看会出现)

2.现在进行时(be doing) 的用法:上了初一就教这个吧,比一般现在还简单。表示现在正在做的动作,但要注意有的动词不能用于进行时,这类词称为短暂性动词,如,open, borrow等等,在完成时态常常会碰到,平时要注意积累。

3.一般过去时

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

ex:I went to Beijing last year.

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。

ex: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的区别,used to表过去常常,be used to 表示习惯于,前者to是不定式符号,后者则是介词,后接名词、动名词、代词)

C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

ex: Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)Could you pa me the pen?

注意:

A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。注意,到了初二将会是★★★★☆考点,不会不行,逃不了的,几乎每次都考。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

4.过去将来时(would/ should do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。其实和将来时没什么区别啦。

ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.宾从、直引经常碰到这样的例子,注意。

5.一般将来时

A) 基本结构是will / shall do。古英语认为will用于第

二、三人称,shall用于第一人称,但后来没做硬性规定,will比较常用。I will be home at 10.

B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。初一接触比较多的是be going to,后面的包括will/shall到了后来才出现,其他如sleep很少见,初中阶段我几乎没见过sleep这么用的,leave, come, arrive也常见

ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.

C) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事,后常与when连用。ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.D)"be to do"的5种用法:

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。

例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in le than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)

c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)

例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。

例:I aure you that the matter _______ as quickly as poible.Have a little patience.

A.will be attendedB.will be attended to

C.is attendedD.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

A) is to beB) can beC) will beD) has been

答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”

E) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.注意:

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unle等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。

例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

推荐第10篇:六年级英语时态总结

六年级英语时态总结 一般现在时

1.定义:表示经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与时间状语usually、often、always、sometimes、every day、once a week连用。

例如:She often reads newspa-pe-rs aftert supper。她经常在晚饭后看报。

2.一般现在时还可以表示客观事实或普遍真理。

例如: The earth moves round the sun。 地球围绕太阳转。 3.主语为第三人称(他、她、它、人名)单数时,其后动词也要变成相应形式即复数形式。

例如:Mike every day goes to school.4.含be动词/含实义动词的基本句型:

a肯定句:主语+be动词的一般现在时(am/is/are)+„ 例如:He is a boy./主语+动词的一般现在时+„,例如:He usually goes to school。 b一般疑问句:

Be+主语+„例Is he a boy?肯答Yes, he is;否定答:No,he isn’t Do/Does+主语+动词原形+„

例Does he go to school usually?Yes he does/No he does’nt c特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词原形。例what is his name? 特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形。 why does he go to school usually?

二、现在进行时

1.定义:表示现在正在进行的动作或行为。2.现阶段两种用法:

第一、表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。例如Is it snowing now?现在在下雪吗? 第

二、表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但说话时动作不一定正在进行。

例如:He is translating a book.他正在翻译一本书。 3.基本句型:

a肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+„ 例She is reading a book。

b一般疑问句: Be+主语+动词现在分词+„? 例:Is she reading a book?

肯定回答:Yes, she is。否定回答:No,she isn’t c特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词现在分词+„ 例who is reading a book?

三、一般过去式

1.定义:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去式没有人称和数的变化,句中的动词一律用过去式。

2、be动词/行为动词一般过去式的基本句型:

a肯定句:主语+be(was/were)+„例He was busy yesterday。他昨天很忙

/主语+动词的过去式+„ 例He played tennis last week。他上周打网球了。

b否定句:主语+ be(was/were)+not+„例如He was not busy yesterday。

/主语+did not+动词原形+„ 例He did not playtennis last week。 c一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+„例如: Was he busy yesterday? 肯定回答:Yes, he was;否定回答:No,he wasn’t /Did+主语+动词原形+„?

例如 :Did he play tennis last week。

肯定回答:Yes ,he did。否定回答:No, he didn’t d特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+„? 例:why were you busy yesterday? 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+„? when did he play tennis last week? 四一般将来时:

1.定义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

2.be going to+动词原形,表示说话者明确的打算或确信会发生的事。 a 肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)going to+动词原形+其他。 例如:He is going to play football tomorrow。

b否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)not going to+动词原形+其他。 例如:He is not going to play football tomorrow。 c一般疑问句:be(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他? 例如:Is he going to play football tomorrow?Yes, he is/No,he isn’t

d特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他? 例如:What are you going to play football tomorrow? 3.Will/Shall+动词原形,表示将要发生的动作或行为。(Will任意人称/shall只能第一人称) a 肯定句:主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他。

例如:I will call you tonight 。我今晚会给你打电话。 b否定句:主语+will/shall not +动词原形+其他。 例如:I will not call you tonight。

c一般疑问句:Will/Shall +主语+动词原形+其他? 例如:Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will ; No,I won’t

d特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他? 例如:When will you leave China?

4、解析区别:

1、Be going to+动词原形:表示一个事先考虑好的的意图,相当于中文的打算、计划、准备;

2、Will/Shall +动词原形:表示未经事先考虑的意图.

5、一般将来时的时间状语:

soon很快、in two weeks两周后、some day将来的某一天、next year明年the day after tomorrow后天、in the future在未来、next summer 明年夏天

be +形容词

凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形

二、名词的复数。

名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词的复数变化规则:

1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens

2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:cla-claes, box-boxes, match-matches,

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries

4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,

5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,

6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,

三、形容词的比较级、最高级。

形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则: 1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est,

如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest 2.以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers theirs ours

nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest..good-better-best

四、be 动词,助动词。

现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t

助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t ※ 1.在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;

否定 过去 否定

am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ------ was --------- wasn’t

is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are ------were --------- weren’t are------aren’t (you和其它人称) 2.没有be动词的就要加助动词; 否定 过去 过去否定

do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t

does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t 五.人称代词

代词主格 I you he she they we 代词宾格 me you him her them us 形容词性物主代词 my your his her their our

I my mine me she her hers her he his his him it its its it you your yours you we our ours us they their theirs them 六.特殊疑问词 What is this?

What is this in English? What is the matter? What is the weather like? What is she/he like? What do you like? What What does he do? What do you have for„? What colour„? What time„? What day„?

What do/does/did+„? How are you? How old„? How How many„? How much„? How long„?

How do/does/did+„?

第11篇:初中英语八大时态练习题(含答案)

初中英语八大时态练习题

1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back A.come B.comes C.will come D.came 2.Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.A.tries…buys B.tries… buies C.trys… buys D.trys… buies 3.The girl often ______ cold when she ______.A.cathcsdances B.catches dances C.catchsdancees D.catches dancee 4._____ he ____ himself there No, I don\'t think so.

A.Doenjoy B.Does enjoies C.Does enjoys D.Doesenjoy 5._____ your teacher ____ from them very often Certainly.A.Dohear B.Doeshear C.Do receive D.receive 6._____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays A.Doesdoes B.Dodoes C.Doesdo D.Do do 7._____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family Yes, he _____.A.Has xdoes B.Hasxdoes

C.Doeshashas D.Does havedoes 8.Which teacher _____ leons to you every day A.does gives B.does give C.do give D.gives

9.Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____ _____ , he does.A.does heNo B.does heYes C.doesn\'t heNo D.doesn\'t heYes 10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he A.goesdoesn\'t B.goesisn\'t C.doesn\'t godoes D.doesn\'t gois 11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.A.watch B.watches C.watching D.is watching 12.We\'ll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.will snow D.snowed 13.Neither I nor he ______ French.

A.speak B.doesn\'t speak C.speaks D.doesn\'t speak 14.Nobody ______ how to run this machines.A .know B.have known C.knows D.is knowing 15.The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.A.carry B.bring C.takes D.carries 16.Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.A.swimming playing B.swimmingplaiing C.swimming I playing D.swimmingplaing 17.Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .A.playing dance B.playing dancing C.play dancing D.play dance 18.He _____ to do his leons at eight every evening.A.is beginning B.is beginning C.begin D.begins 19._____ he _____ on well with his friends this term

1 A.Doesgets B.Doesget C.Isgetting D.Isgeting 20.Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.A.is writingis writing B.is writing writes C.writes is writing D.writes writes

参考答案:1—5 BABDB 6—10 CDDBA 11—15 BBCCD 16—20 CBDCC 21.I _____ to the cinema.I ______ there every Sunday.A.go…go B.am going… go C.go… am going D.am going…am going 22.Look, they______ a good time, ____ they A.have…do B.have…don\'t

C.are having…are D.are having aren\'t

23.You ______ about the future now, ______ you A.don\'t thinkdon\'t B.aren\'t thinking aren\'t C.don\'t think do D.aren\'t thinking are 24.She always ______ something whenever she ______.A .studiedplayed B.studiedplaied C..studiedplaied D.studied played

25.He often _____ late in the forest.It _____ me very much., A.stayedworried B.staied worried C.stayedworryed D.staied worried 26.I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.A.noticed cryed B.noticed cried C.noticedcried D.noticed cryed 27.We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.A.mopped cleanned B.moped cleaned C.moppedcleaned D.moped cleaned 28.When I _____ the Children\'s Palace, the children _____ with joy.A.visited jumpped B.visited jumped C.visited jumped D.visited jumpped

29.______ a sports meet last Sunday Yes , they ______.A.Did they have did B.Did they have had C.Had they had D.Had they did

30.____ you _____out for a walk after supper Yes, I ______.A.Didwentwent B.Did go went C.Did went did D.Did go did 31._____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest A.Did went stopped B.Did go stop C.Did went stop D.Did go stopped 32.You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you Yes, I ______.A.did did B.did gave C.didn\'t did D.didn\'t gave 33.____ your brother _____ a letter to My father.A.Who wrote B.Whatwrote

C.Who didwrite D.What did write 34.They _____ about the TV news then in the sitting-room.They often ____ such talks A.talkedhad B.talkhave

2 C.were talkinghad D.are talkinghave 35.He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.A.did heard B.did didn\'t hear C.was doing heard D.was doing didn\'t hear 36.\" _____ you angry then \" \"They_ too much noise.\" A.Arewere making B.Werewere making C.Aremade D.Were made 37.This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike.He _____ TV.A.repaired didn\'t watch B.was repairing watched C.repaired watched D.was repairing wasn\'t watching

38.We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.A.were waiting waiting B.were waiting wait C.waited waiting D.waited wait

39.When you _____ at the door, I _____ some washing.A.knocked did B.was knocking did

C.knocked was doing D.knock am doing

40.The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.A.learned was opening B.was learning opened C.learned opened D.is learning open 参考答案:21-25 BDDDA 26—30 BCBAD 31—35 BCCCD 36—40 BDACB

41.When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.A.walked… was coming B.were walking… came C.were talking… comes D.walk… is coming

42.A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .A.watched was finishing B.was watching finished C.watched finished D.was watching was finishing 43.While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.A.did made B.was doing made C.was doing was making D.did was making 44.I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning.I _____ to work.A.was teaching didn\'t go B.taught didn\'t go C.was teaching went D.taught went 45.He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.A.makes B.is making C.was making D.made 46.I ______ a letter at nine last night.A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.is writing 47.The teacher_____ (give) us a history leon when Tom walked into the claroom.A.gave B.is giving C.was given D.was giving 48.There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.A.last Sunday B.next Sunday C.every Sunday D.this Sunday 49.We ______ cla meeting this November.A.had B.have C.will have D.are having

3 50.He ______ in his garden every morning next year. A.will work B.works C.worked D.is working 51.Be careful.The train ______.A.will come B.C.comes D.is coming 52.Look at those clouds.It _____ soon, I\'m afraid.A.is going to rain B.is raining C.will rain D.won\'t rain 53.The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.A.is going to snow B.is snowing C.will snow D.snows 54._____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon A.Willdoes B.is going to do C.isdoing D.Shall do 55.What day _____ it ______ tomorrow Wednesday.A.is going to be B.willbe C.shallbe D.doesbe 56.The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.A.is going to be B.is growing to be C.will be D.is 57._____ you ____ me up at six, please

A.Aregoing to wake B.Arewaking C.Willwake D.Dowake 58.If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more.A.will gowill learn B.will gois going to learn C.is going is going to learn D.goes will learn

59.When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything.A.is going to comeshall tell B.will comeshall tell C.comeswill tell D.comewill tell 60.What day ____ it ____ tomorrow It ____Tuesday.A.is…going to be… is B.will…be…will C.is…going to be…is going D.will be…will be 参考答案:41-45 BDCAC 46—50 BDDCA 51—55 DACBB 56—60 CCDCD

第12篇:小学英语四种时态总结

小学英语四种时态总结

1. 一般现在时。主要描述经常会发生的动作、状态或不变的真理。句末常出现every day/week/year/Monday , in the morning, 句中常有always, usually, often, sometimes 组成:主语+be+名词(形容词)

I am a student.

He is tall.否定句:在be 后加not

I am not a student.

He is not tall.疑问句:be 动词提前到第一位。

Are you a student?

Is he tall?

Yes, I am./ No, I am not.Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.主语+动词+地点+时间

We go to school on Monday.

He goes to the park on Sunday.否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t’t+动词原形+地点+时间

We don’t go to school on Monday.

He doesn’t’t go to the park on Sunday.疑问句:在句首加do或does

Do you go to school on Monday? Yes, we do./ No, we don’t.Does he go to the park on Sunday? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t’t.

动词单三变化:1.在原单词末尾加s , 如:like – likes

2.单词以o, sh, ch, s, x 结尾加es, 如:go – goes

3.单词末尾为辅音+y结尾去y加ies 如:study- studies 2.现在进行时:主要叙述正在发生的事情。句末常出现now, 句首常出现look, listen 组成:主语+be +动词ing形式

I am reading English.

They are swimming.

He is playing football.否定句:在be后加not I am not reading English.They are not swimming.He is not playing football.疑问句:将be 放到第一位。

Are you reading English? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.Are they swimming?

Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.Is he playing football?

Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.动词变ing形式:1.在动词末尾加ing.如:play- playing

2.末尾有e 要去e加ing.如:ride – riding 3.末尾以辅音元音辅音结尾 双写末尾一个辅音如:swim-swimming 3.一般将来时。 主要描述将来要发生的事情。 句末常出现next Monday/week/ year, tomorrow

组成:主语+be going to +动词原形

I am going to visit Ann.

They are going to draw a dog.

She is going to ride a horse.否定句:在be后加not

I am not going to visit Ann.

They are not going to draw a dog.

She is going to ride a horse.疑问句:将be提前

Are you going to visit Ann?

Yes, I am./ No, I am not.

Are they going to draw a dog?

Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.

Is she going to ride a horse?

Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.组成:主语+will+动词原形

I will go to the library.

They will clean the house.

She will eat breakfast at home.否定句:在will 后加not 或将will not 写为won’t

I will not go to the library.

They will not clean the house.

She will mot eat breakfast at home.疑问句:将will 提前

Will you go to the library? Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.

Will they clean the house?

Yes, they will./ No, they won’t.

Will she eat breakfast at home?

Yes, she will./No, she won’t.4.一般过去时:主要描述过去发生的事情.句末常出现last night/week/Monday/year, yesterday, ago 组成:主语+动词过去式

I was a pilot.

They were busy.

He went to the market.

否定句:在be后加not 在普通动词前加didn’t 动词恢复原形。 I was not a pilot.They were not busy.He didn’t go to the market.

疑问句:提前be 动词或在句前加did

Were you a pilot? Yes, I was./ No, I wasn’t.

Were they busy?

Yes, they were./ No, they weren’t.

Did they go to the market? Yes, they did./ No, they didn’t.动词变过去式:1.在原次末尾加ed 或d 如:play-played like-liked

2.辅音加y 结尾去y加ied 如:study-studied

3.辅音元音辅音结尾双写最后一个字母加ed 如:stop-stopped

特殊变化:can-could do-did eat-ate go-went hit-hit pit-put sit-sat come-came

get-got

have-had see-saw begin-began

give-gave win-won read-read am/is-was are-were run-ran hear-heard hide-hid

lay-laid cut-cut

wake-woke fall-fell 连系动词be是am, is, are三者的原形,一般不直接出现在句子中,而是以am, is, are的形式出现。它们各有分工,而且随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。am最专一,始终跟着I转;are 跟you, we及表复数名词或复数意义的词连用;is的交际最广泛,is与“他、她、它”形影不离,至于名词单数,指示代词(this/that)都与is结下不解之缘。

第13篇:英语的7种时态总结

英语的7种时态总结

一、一般现在时

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:

always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don\'t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

二、一般过去时

概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时

概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构:am/is/are+doing

否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

四、过去进行时

概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构:was/were+doing

否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

五 现在完成时

概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态

时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本结构:have/has + done 否定形式:have/has + not +d one 一般疑问句:have或has

六、过去完成时

概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本结构:had + done.

否定形式:had + not + done.

一般疑问句:had放于句首。

七、一般将来时

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

第14篇:小学英语4种时态总结

《小学英语时态小结》

一:现在进行时:

1、概念:用在叙述某人正在做某事的时候。(某动作正在进行) 其结构是“be动词 + 动词ing”,句中可能会有look,listen,now或一个相当具体的时间。

2、时间状语:now, at this time

3、基本结构:am/is/are+doing

4、否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing

5、一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首

6、动词加“ing”(现在分词)的变化规则: 1)、直接在动词后面加“ing” 2)、“元音+辅音+e”结尾的单词把e去掉再加ing。 3)、重读闭音节双写最后字母再加ing,单词有:run—running、swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping

7、例句 What is Mary doing?She’s shopping.Is Betty swimming now?No, she isn’t.She’s running.It’s seven thirty in the evening.We’re having dinner at home.现在进行时:

be(am, are, is)+ doing

肯定句:be + doing

否定句:be not + doing

疑问句:Be + 主语 + doing?

listenlook,nowit\'s ...

1.直接加ing

2.双写加ing

3.去e加ing

二:一般现在时:

1、概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。用来叙述经常性发生的事情、习惯和爱好等。

2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构:①动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加s或es)

4.否定形式:①此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don\'t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn\'t,同时还原行为动词;②am/is/are+not。

5.一般疑问句:①若有be动词,把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6、如果叙述的人或事物是第三人称单数行为动词要加上,其变化规则和名词的复数形式变化规则一样。

1.)John likes going hiking.2.)Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.3.)Mr.Li cooks supper every evening.4.)How does he go to school?----He goes to school on foot.5.)Does he go to school on Saturday?---Yes, he does.(第三人称单数一般疑问句句前是does,句中的动词要用原形。) 动词第三人称单数变化规则(与名词的复数形式变化规则一样):

1)直接在动词后面加“s”。 2)以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾的单词,在动词后面加“es”。 wash---washeswatch---watchesfish---fishes 3)以“辅音+y”结尾的单词,把y改i再加es。carry---carrietudy---studiesfly---flies 4)go 和do 的第三人称单数是goes 和does 叙述的人或事物不是第三人称单数行为动词要用原形。

7、例句 I usually go to school on foot.We play football every Sunday afternoon.What do they do on Sundays?---They play che.

一般现在时:

肯定句:主语+do,主语第三人称单数+ does否定句:主语+don\'t+do主语第三人称单数+doesn\'t+do

疑问句:Do+主语+do? Does+主语第三人称单数+do?

usually, sometimes, often, seldom, never, every day

1.直接加s,es,2.某些y-i加s,es

三:一般过去时:

1、概念:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状态连用,2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…) 3.基本结构: ① was/were +形容词;例:I was a student in 1989

②行为动词(动词原形变过去式)例:I played baskedball yesterday afternoon

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn\'t,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

6.动词过去式的变化:

①规则动词的变化:

一般动词+ed例:plant-planted,climb-climbed

以不发音的e结尾+d例:like-liked

辅音字母加y结尾变y为i+ed例:study-studied, cry-cried 重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写最后一个字母+ed例:stop-stopped,plan-planned

一般过去时

肯定句:动词用过去式否定句:didn\'t + 动原疑问句:Did+动原 before, ago, this morning, yesterday, last ...

过去时要注意的问题:

1.有did, didn\'t就没有 was, were, wasn\'t, weren\'t

2.was, were, wasn\'t, weren\'t 是表示过去的状态或场所不会出现did, didn\'t

I was at home yesterday.

You weren\'t at school yesterday.

They were strong before.

动词过去式变化:

1.直接加

2.有e加d

3.辅音y-i加ed

4.双写加ed

5.特殊变化

肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.

I usually played with my friends last year.I was busy last weekend.They were sad yesterday.否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.I wasn’t busy last weekend.They were not sad yesterday.一般疑问句:

Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.Were you busy last weekend?Yes, I was./ No, I was’t.Yes, we were./ No, we weren’t.特殊疑问句:

What did you do yesterday?I played football.Where did Mike go last weekend?He went to the library.How did you go there?I went by bus.Where were you yesterday?I was at home.四:一般将来时:

1、概念:叙述将要发生的事情或打算。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构: ①am/is/are/going to + do;结构是be going to+动词原形。如果所接的动词原形刚好是go或come,可把to go 和to come 去掉。例:I am going to go to school this afternoon= I am going to school this afternoon ②will + do.

4.否定形式:①am/is/are/going to +not+ do;②will + not; 在行为动词前加will not,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will提到句首。1.) What are you going to do tomorrow?---I am going to visit my grandparents.What will you do tomorrow?---I will visit my grandparents.2.) Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?---Yes, they are.will they sweep the floor tonight?---Yes, they will.3.)Where is Sarah going (to go) next week?---She’s going (to go) the park.Where will Sarah go next week?---She will go the park.

一般将来时:

1.be going to + do

2.will + do

肯定句:will/be going to + do

否定句:will not/be not going to + do

疑问句:Will + 主语 + do?

Be + 主语 + going to do?

tomorrownext...this afternoonthe day after tomorrowsoon

第15篇:高考英语时态语态总结

十六种时态

1.一般现在时

用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用语。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。例:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。

例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

2.现在进行时(be doing)用法:现在正在进行的动作。

3.现在完成时(have done)

用法:A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell答案(C)

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。

例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A) are to challengeB) may be challengedC) have been challengedD) are challenging全句意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应是被动语态;动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是

C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,不对。C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例:John has broken his left leg.约翰摔断了左腿。 注意事项:A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)

B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。 例:My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(终端动词)My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)

C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third„„ time that„„"句型里要求用完成时。

例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

D) 句型"It is/ has been„„since"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely „„when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。例:I haven't met that profeor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。

例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例:(1997年6月四级第45 题)It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take

the machine apart to put it right.

A) had leakedB) is leakingC) leakedD) has been leaking

从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

5.一般过去时

用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。

例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

注意事项: A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。

6.过去完成时(had done)

用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.

A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard

全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。

7.过去将来时(would/ should do)

用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。) 事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

用法:A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)

B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9.一般将来时

用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall do。例:We shall send her a gla hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)

B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。

例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)

C) 表示“打算去„„,要„„”时,可用be going to do。

例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)

D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查E) "be to do"的5种用法:

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)

b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in le than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)

c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)

例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)

d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。

例:I aure you that the matter _______ as quickly as poible.Have a little patience.

A.will be attendedB.will be attended toC.is attendedD.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e) 用于条件从句“如果„„想,设想”(接近if „„want to,或if „„should)

例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A) is to beB) can beC) will beD) has been

答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)

例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例:Don't worry, you won't mi her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)

注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。

11.将来完成时(will have done)

用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。

注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

12)将来完成进行时:(shall have been doing ,will have been doing)

例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)

13)过去完成进行时:(had been doing)

例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)

14) 过去将来进行时:(should be doing , would be doing)

例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(被动语态)

15) 过去将来完成时:(should have done , would have done)

例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)

16) 过去将来完成进行时:(should have been doing , would have been doing)

例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)

高中英语被动语态总结

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here.

4)was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5)had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6)was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8)should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例The project will have been completed before July.

10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

第16篇:江苏中考英语时态总结

时态的一般用法

1.一般现在时

①表示经常性或习惯性的动作.We always care for each other and help each other.②表示现在存在的状态。 The Yangtze River rises in Qinghai.③表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等,Light travels faster than sound.2.现在进行时:表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。

He’s showing a foreign guest round the city. We’re practising spoken English this week.3.一般将来时:

表示将要发生的动作或情况。 When will you be able to give us an answer? 4.一般过去时

①表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情,动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)。

He worked in the factory for 3 years. ②表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。 She often came to help us. ③常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。 When did the accident happen? 5.现在完成时

①表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作,强调对现在的影响。 We have lived separately since last year.②某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。如:lately,so far,in/over/for the past/last few year等。 I haven’t had enough sleep lately.

The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted.6.过去进行时

①表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。 What were you doing at nine last night? ②常用过去进行时来描述故事发生的背景。One day,we were walking along a road....Suddenly....7.过去完成时

①表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。 By the end of June we had treated 30,000 patients. ②在主从复合句中,如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前,这一动作要用过去完成时。 When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.8.过去将来时

①表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。

The time was not far off when he would regret this decision. ②表示过去习惯性的动作。

Whenever he had time,he would help them in their work.9.现在完成进行时

①表示一直持续到现在,还可能进行下去的动作。 How long has it been raining? ②表示某动作持续时间太长,有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。 I have been sitting here all afternoon.10.过去完成进行: 表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。

It had been raining for two days.The fields were all under water.11.将来进行时:表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。

I won’t be free on Friday morning.I’ll be seeing a friend off.12.将来完成时:表示将来某时已完成的动作。

By this time next year we’ll have turned all the land into rice fields 时态的特殊用法

1.一般现在时:①表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作,主要指由时刻表、日程表规定循环进行的动作。 When does the train stop at Jinan? ②在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。

I’ll write to her when I have time.

I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose.

③make sure,take care,mind,it doesn’t matter,I don’t care后跟that从句时,从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。

We must take care that no one sees us.It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday.3.一般将来时:①表示倾向性动作。

This machine won’t work.机器不能运转了。

What’s the matter with the pen?The ink won’t come out. 钢笔怎么啦?墨水不出了。

②表示临时的决定、即刻的打算。

“I hear Wang Ling is ill in hospital.” “Then I’ll go to see her.”

4.一般过去时: ①I didn’t know,I didn’t mean,I thought等表示“原来不知道”“本没想”“原以为”。 Sorry,but I didn’t mean to hurt you.

②用于虚拟语气中It is time that we went to bed.固定句式或结构中的动词语态

1.This/It is the first/second time+that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。

如把is改为was,则从句中用过去完成时。 This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 2.It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。

如 把is改为was,则从句中用过去完成时。

It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 3.was/were about to do...when...意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.1.一般过去时与现在完成时

①一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况,与现在没有什么联系,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,常与for或since短语连用。 I didn’t see her last week.我上周没有见到她。

I haven’t seen her since last week.自上周以来我一直未见过她。

②人们在谈论一个话题时,常常用现在完成时提出该话题,然后用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等。

“I have got a headache.” “No wonder.You worked in front of that computer too long.”

“Have you shown him around the museum yet?”“Yes.We had a great time there.”

③一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别是:一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间,但在过去某个时间就已终止;现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在,还没有终止。 I have lived in London for many years,and I’ve got used to the life there.

I lived in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者

小窍门: 我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成: be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动

要变化 不变化 1.被动语态的构成

一般现在时:am/is/are done 一般过去时:was/were done 一般将来时:shall/will be done 过去将来时:should/would be done 现在进行时:am/is/are being done 过去进行时:was/were being done 现在完成时:has/have been done 过去完成时:had been done 1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V] 这些动词常见的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。 如:The children are playing happily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。 2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如:The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢住在中国。 3.主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。

常见的系动词有:be(是);get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如: ①He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。 ②The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO] 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”常见的双宾语结构: bring sb.sth (bring sth to sb).give sb.sth (give sth to sb.) hand sb.sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb.sth (leave sth.to sb) lend sb.sth (lend sth to sb) pa sb sth (pa sth to sb) return sb.sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth.to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb ) make sb.sth (make sth for sb) pay sb.sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb ) 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。如:

①My aunt bought me a computer.= My aunt bought a computer for me.我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 ②I paed him the salt.= I paed the salt to him.我把盐递给他。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] 如:We must keep our school clean.我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。

第17篇:小学六年级英语 时态总结

时态总结

一、一般现在时

标志词:always(总是) usually(通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) never(从不) every(每一) 行为动词的词型变化形式

一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化,其他人称(第一人称:I, we;第二人称:you;第三人称复数:they、my friends)动词均用原形 当主语是第三人称单数时,一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律:

1、多数在动词后加s play—plays like—likes ,

2、以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es wash–washes catch–catches do–does

3、以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es

fly—flies study—studies

4、以元音字母加y结尾,直接加s

buy – buys

5、不规则变化

have—has

一般现在时基本用法功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。构成

1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如:We study English.我们学习英语。 句型 肯定句:

①be动词:主语+ be + 其它成分He is a worker.

②行为动词:主语+动词(注意人称变化) +其它成分

We like the little cat.

否定句:

①be动词:主语+ be + not +其它成分They are not students.

②行为动词:主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分 We don’t like the cat.

一般疑问句:

①be动词: Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分 Are you a teacher? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.

Are they students of your school? Yes they are / No they aren’t.

②行为动词:助动词(Do/Does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分 Do you like it? Yes, I do./ No.I don’t.

Does he(she) like it? Yes, he (she) does./ No, he (she)doesn’t.

特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ 一般疑问句

①be动词: How many students are there in your school?

②行为动词:What do you usually do on Sunday? 一般现在时动词be和 have的变化形式

1.动词Be叫连系动词, 用法:第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,其它人称用are。

2.动词have的用法:第三人称单数用has以外,其它人称一律用have。(注意事项当have如果不表示“有”时,构成疑问或否定句时,就借助于助动词do, does)

如: I have lunch at 12 o’clock. 否定式:I don’t have lunch at 12 o’clock.(表示吃)

二、现在进行时

标志词:now, look, listen,It’s+时间.

现在进行时: 表示正在进行的、发生的动作 基本结构:

am, is, are+ 动词ing 肯定句:主语 + be动词(am, are, is)+ 现在分词(ing)+ 其他 I am watching TV.

否定句:主语 + be动词+ not + 现在分词(ing)+ 其他 I am not watching TV.

一般疑问句:Be动词(Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + 现在分词(ing)+ 其他

Are you watching TV?

Yes, I am./ No, I am not.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句 What are you doing? 动词的-ing形式的变化规律:

1.直接加-ing watch—watching

clean—cleaning

2.以-y结尾的动词,直接加-ing study—studying play—playing 3.以不发音的-e结尾的动词,先去-e再加-ingmake—making

4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,双写末尾字母,再加-ing

cut—cutting

swimming

三、一般将来时的用法:

表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。

标志词:tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next (下一个),from now on(从现在开始),in the future(将来),soon(不久)等 结构:

( 1 ) be(am, is,are) +going to+动词原形

( 2 ) will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形(打算„)”=”will+动词原形(将,会„)

(3)I’m going to study tomorrow.

I will study tomorrow.

(be going to着重于事先考虑好、主观的想法,will 未事先考虑好)一般不用考虑

肯定句:①主语 + be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形.②主语 + will + 动词原形 否定句:①主语 + be (am, are, is) not going to + 动词原形.②主语 + won’t + 动词原形.

一般疑问句:Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?

Will + 主语 + 动词原形?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句?

(注意:will 常简略为 \'ll,并与主语连写在一起,如:I\'ll,he\'ll,it\'ll,we\'ll,you\'ll,they\'ll。)

四、一般过去时

标志词:yesterday(昨天), last (上一个), this morning(今天早上),ago(以前),before (在…之前), in 2002(在2002年)等

用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 动词过去式的变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed如:watch-watched, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加-d如:taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式:am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave… 句型: 1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴ am 和is 变为was否定(was not=wasn’t) ⑵ ⑵are 变为were否定(were not=weren’t) 否定句:在 was或were后加not

一般疑问句:把was或were调到句首。 2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化

否定句:didn’t + 动词原形如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加Did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:

(1)疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? (2)疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to school yesterday?

第18篇:16种英语时态总结归纳

16种英语时态总结归纳

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。

1.一般现在时

1) 用法:

①表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

②习惯用语。

③经常性、习惯性动作。

例:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

④客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。

⑤表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例:The next train leaves at 3 o\'clock this afternoon.

(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)

How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)

⑥在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。

例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

2)时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays …) 3)否定形式:be, have, 其它动词

2.现在进行时(be doing) 1)用法:

①表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?

He is doing well in his leons.在课上他表现得很好。 ②表经常的习惯,但含有喜欢、感激、厌恶等感情色彩

be always doing sth

e.g.He is always helping us.他总是帮我们。(感激)

You are always asking us to do such things.你老是叫我们做这类事情。(厌恶) 2)时间状语: (just) now, at this time, for the time being, today, this week (year, month…)

3.现在完成时(have done)

1)用法:

①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,此时用非延续性动词(瞬间动词)。

例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

a. didn\'t sell b.sold

c.haven\'t sold

d.would sell 答案是C) haven\'t sold。

John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)

②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。

例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

a.are to challenge b.have been challenged c.may be challenged

d.are challenging

全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见

1 答案是b.have been challenged。

2) 时间状语常: yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by, since+过去的时间点,ever since, recently, lately, in(during/over)the past/last+一段时间, for +时间,before, etc.

注意事项

①现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。

例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)

②因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)

My sister has married.Don\'t disturb her.(终端动词)

③在\"This is the first/ second/ third„„ time that„„\"句型里要求用完成时。

例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

④句型\"It is/ has been„„since\"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

⑤在\"before\"、\"prior to\"等句型中,主句要求完成时。

例:I haven\'t met that profeor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

I’ve never seen such a man before.以前我从来没见过这样一个人。

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

1)用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。

例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)

I’ve been painting the wall all the morning.整个早上我都在漆墙。

注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例:It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We\'ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

a.had leaked

b.is leaking

c.leaked

d.has been leaking

从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。d.has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了b.is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了c.leaked或a.had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

2)时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段

5.一般过去时

1)用法:

①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

He found a pen yesterday.昨天他捡了一支钢笔。

②表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。

例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)

2 He visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

He would sit under the tree waiting for his son to come back from school before.以前他常坐在树下等他的儿子放学回家。

③有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

2)时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1989, just, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

注意事项:

① 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

②used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn\'t used to do, didn\'t use to do都对。

used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示\"过去常常或过去曾经\",要求加动词原形;后者表示\"习惯于\",要求加名词或动名词。

③ used to后可接行为动词和状态类动词,would后只能接行为动词。

6.过去完成时(had done) 1)用法:

①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示\"过去的过去的动作或状态\"。

Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.

a.didn\'t hear b.hasn\'t been hearing

c.hasn\'t heard

d.hadn\'t heard

全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是d.。其它选项中:a.didn\'t hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。b.hasn\'t been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。c.hasn\'t heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。

注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例:There had been someone in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)

分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在\"开门\"和\"注意\"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。

②用于虚拟语气中指过去发生的动作。

How I wish he had finished his work.我好希望他完成了他的工作。

If he had come here last night, he would have seen Jack.要是他昨晚来这儿,他就会见到杰克。 2)时间状语:before, by yesterday, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.

7.一般过去将来时(would/ should do)

1)用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)

注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

2)时间状语:the next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…) ect.

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

1) 用法:

①表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)

②表示过去某段时间正在发生的动作。

He was helping his friend last month.上个月,他在帮他的朋友。

③如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则主句常用过去进行时。

例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)

④表示过去将来时

a.He said he was leaving for London the next month.他说他下月要去伦敦。

(位移动词: go, come, leave, start, begin…..)

b.He told me that he was going to visit his uncle.他告诉我他要去看他的叔叔。 2)时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time, etc.

9.一般现在将来时

1)用法:

①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

He will come to help us.他要来帮我们。

He will be in great trouble.他将会遇到大麻烦。 ②表示将来的打算、计划或准备做的事。

They are going to have a competition with us in studies.在学习上他们要和我们比赛。

It is going to rain.天将下雨。

2)时间状语:tomorrow, next day (week, month, year….), soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc.3)一般现在将来时的表达 ①基本结构是will / shall do。

例:We shall send her a gla hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)

②有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。

例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)

③表示“打算去„„,要„„”时,可用be going to do。

例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)

④表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例:Don\'t worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)

⑤\"be to do\"的5种用法:

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)

b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。

例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in le than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)

c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)

例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)

d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。

例:I aure you that the matter _______ as quickly as poible.Have a little patience.

A.will be attended B.will be attended to C.is attended

D.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e) 用于条件从句“如果„„想,设想”(接近if „„want to,或if „„should)

例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.

A. is to be B.can be

C.will be

D.has been

答案是A.is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”

⑥同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing=be about to do。

例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)

注意事项:

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unle等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。

例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

1)用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例:Don\'t worry, you won\'t mi her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)

This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时候,他们正坐在电影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。

注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考\"一般将来时\"和\"现在进行时\"的有关注意事项。

2)时间状语:soon, tomorrow, this evening, On Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening, …

11.将来完成时(will have done) 1)用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候,就将发生巨大的变化。

The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last

D) has lasted

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。

注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

2)by the time of, by the end of+时间短语(将来),by the time+从句(将来)

12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing 1)用法:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间,是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。

I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

If we don’t hurry up, the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到那儿,店门就会关了。

By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)

2)时间状语:by the time of, by the end of+时间短语(将来),by the time+从句(将来)

5 13)过去完成进行时:had been doing 1)用法:表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)

2)特殊含义:

①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)

②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过他) ③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于研究敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解)

④最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一架。(最近) ⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次) ⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)

14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing 用法:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句,尤其多用于间接引语中。

例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)

They said they would be coming.他们说他们要来。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.(他说他不能来是因为要开会。)

15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done 用法:

①表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作。

例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)

I thought you’d have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o’clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。

②常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。

How I wish he wouldn’t have broken the cup.我好希望他没有打烂杯子。(事实上他打烂了)

16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing 用法:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。

例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)

He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我,到年底时,他就在那儿住了30年了。

第19篇:时态总结

时态总结

一、过去将来时

1、Their new teacher has arrived,but they_____that he ______until this morning.

A didn’t know; was comingB didn’t know; had come

C don’t know; would comeD don’t know; will come

2、---Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?

-------Yes, I really didn’t think he _____here.

A has beenB had beenC would beD would have been

二、过去完成时

3、The moment I opened my eyes, I found the day______.It was almost midnight again.

A has goneB is goneC would beD had gone

4 ----I met Tom last month.

-------Really?

----Yes.We_______each other since we graduated from college.

A haven’tmetB hadn’t metC wouldn’t meetD didn’t meet 5 He______more than 5000 English words when he entered the university st the age of 15.

A has learnedBwould have learnedC learnedD had learned 6 ----Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.------Oh I thought they______without me.

A wentB are goingC have goneD had gone

7 His letter was especially welcome as I_______from him for long.

A haven’t heardB would not heard C hadn’t heardD didn’t hear

8 When I met him the other day, it was the first time we_____each other sice we left school.

A sawB had seenC were seeingD has seen

9 -----The enemy spy was found at last.

-------Really? Where ______himself?

A had he hidden B did he hide C has he hiddenD was he hidden

三、将来完成时

10 -----Could you meet me at the station?

-------I’d like to , but I _______Shanghai when you return.

A will have leftB was leavingC will leaveD have left

11 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt______for London to attend a meeting.A will leaveB leavesC will have leftD left

12 -----I’m sorry, but the bo isn’t here yet.Shall I have her call you when she comes back?

------No, I’ll call her back.If I call again in half an hour, do you thind she______

A arrivesB has arrivedC will arriveD will have arrived

13 ------May I speak to your manager Mr Black at 5 o’clock tonight? I’m sorry ,Mr Black_____to a conference long before before then.A will have goneB had goneC would have gone D has gone

四、现在完成进行时

14 -----Waiter, what about my food? I______for over 30minutes.-------Oh, sorry sir.Just one more minute please.

A have waitedB was waitingC have been waiting

15 ----You don’t have to play that record so loud, do you?

------I’m sorry, ____you?

A Have it been bothering B Did it botherCWill it botherD Had it bothered 16 It seems water______from this tap for some time.We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.

A had leaked B is leaking C leaked D has been leaking

17The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ______in the mud all morning.

A has playedB is playingC has been playingD was playing

五、过去完成进行时

18 I______for 3 hours when I suddenly became sick.

A had been workingB would work C have worked D am working

19 They ______on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we______it as no good results have come so far.

A had been working; are still working

B had worked; were still working

C have been working; have worked

D have worked; are still working

六、过去进行时

20 ----What’s the matter, Jane? You look sad.-----Oh, nothing much.As a matter of fact, I________of my friends back home.

A was just thinkingB just thought

C have just been thinkingD have just thoughs

21----Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.

-----Where was I?

----You _______you didn’t like your father’s job.

A were saying B had said C said D had been saying

22----What’s our homework for today,Peter?

------Oh, sorry,I_______

A hadn’t concentratedB wouldn’t concentrate

C haven’t been concentrating D wasn’t concentrating

23-----John,Why did you make no reply to me When I called your name in the street just now?

------Sorry, Jim ,I______to my wife on the phone.

A was talking B talked C am talkingD has talked

24-----What’s wrong with your coat?

------Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ______on it.

A satB had satC had been sittingD was sitting

25-----Will you please repeat your idea?

----Certainly.But I think it certain you ______your attention.

A don’t payB didn’t payC weren’t paying

26 Unfortunately, when I dropped in, DoctorLi_______for Beijing to join the fight againstSARS, so we only had time for a few words.

A just leftB has just left C is just leaving Dwas just leaving

27 ----What did the profeor ask us to do just now?

-----Sorry,I _____about my trip to the Wolf Hill at the weekend.

A had thoughtB was thinkingC thoughtD think

28 She_____a blouse by herself yesterday, but I am not sure whether it is ready.

A madeB had made C was makingD would make

第20篇:英语时态现在进行时

英语时态之现在进行时

现在进行时

现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。

定义

现在进行时表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。

现在进行时的构成

现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式

第一人称单数I+am+V-ing.

第一人称复数We+are+V-ing.

第二人称单(复)数 You+are+V-ing

第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+V-ing

第三人称复数 They+are+V-ing

肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词

否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词

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一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?

间接引语中改为过去进行时。

变化规则

1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)

2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)

3.重读闭音节,以辅音字母加元音字母加辅音字母结尾的词,要双写尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming)

4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节,变ie为y+ing (例:die-dying lie-lying)

5结尾为c且c读作/k/时,在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking

现在进行时的基本用法:

A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

例:We are waiting for you.

B.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时未必正在进行。

例:Mr.Green is writing another novel.

(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

例:She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.

C.已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。

I\'m leaving for a travel in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊尔旅行)

We\'re flying to Paris tomorrow(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎)

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句型构成

现在进行时

助动词be+动词的现在分词(ing形式)。

be的变化

在现在时中,be 要根据人称代词和名词的单复数不同,而分别使用am/is/are,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are.

现在进行时

注意:be 动词在现在时里算作“助动词”,翻译正在进行时的时候,be不能解释为“是”,否则不通顺。它只是和现在分词一起构成“进行时”。

动词加ing的规则

现在分词是在动词后加上ing 构成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是现在分词。现在分词的变化规则是固定的,大家用心记一下就可以了。

(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing.例如:going, starting, working,looking,playing.

(2)去掉词尾不发音的e,再加ing.例如 leaving,making,coming,writing.

注意:如果单词结尾的e发音,则不能去掉,也直接加ing.例如:see -seeing/agreelying/dietying/picnicrunning stopcutting controlputting 时间状语

可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语,常用的有:now, this week, at this moment,right now 等;或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间,或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如:

They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。

Listen! She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。

Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。

It\'s 6:30 now.I am getting up.现在是6:30.我正在起床。

句型分析

1.一般疑问句是将be移到主语前面,句末加问号,读升调。

be+主语+doing sth

Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are./ No, they aren\'t.

Is he showing a foreign guest round the city? Yes, he is./ No, he isn\'t.

2.否定句式是在be动词后加not.

主语+be+not+doing sth

I am not working.

He isn\'t runnig or the track.

The students aren\'t playing football.

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使用场合

1.当句中出现的表示时间的词是now, at the moment (此刻、现在)等时,表示句子要说明的是现在正在发生的事,动词应用现在进行时。

Linda\'s brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.

琳达的哥哥现在正在他的卧室里看电视。

We\'re far from home.What are our parents doing at the moment?

我们现在远离家,我们的父母此刻在干什么呢?

2.当句中出现的时间状语是these days, this week, this month等时,如果句子所要表达的意义是在这一阶段正在发生的事,则动词应用现在进行时。

These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。

They\'re having a test this week.这一周他们在进行一次考试。

Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month.这个月程先生在我们村访问。

3.在句中出现了Look, Listen, Can\'t you see? 等暗示词时,说明后面谓语动词的动作正在发生,该动词应用现在进行时。

Look! Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree.

看!玛丽亚和汤姆正在树下跳舞。

Listen! Our English teacher is singing the popular English song.

听!我们英语老师正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。

Many children are swimming in the river.Can\'t you see?

许多小孩在河里游泳,你难道看不见吗?

4.注意根据上下文的暗示,句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时。

— Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在哪儿?

— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office.噢,他正在办公室看报。

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(问句询问王先生在哪儿,应说明他现在在哪儿,故答句应说明他现在正在做的事,用现在进行时。)

—Is that boy Jack?那个男孩是杰克吗?

— No,Jack is doing his homework in the claroom.不是,杰克正在教室做作业呢。

(答句中说明的杰克做作业的情况应发生在现在,应用现在进行时。)

注意事项

1.在英语中,并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不用进行时态,而是用现在一般时表示。例如:

I hear someone singing.我正听见有人唱歌。

Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人吗?

What does he think of it? 他觉得这怎么样?

如果这些词使用正在进行时态,句子带有某种感情色彩。例如:

Are you seeing someone off? 你在给谁送行吗?

They are hearing an English talk.他们在听一个英语报告。

2.现在进行时还有另外一种含义,即它们能表达即将发生的事情,相当于一般将来时。能够用来表示将来状况的动词有:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。

We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。

Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天准备去哪儿?

A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。

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Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗?

在表示将来的情况下,特别是be going to do sth.这种结构,已经没有多少“去”的意思了,几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如:

It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。

She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。

3.当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人不满,厌倦或满意。例如:

①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.

她老是干预我的事。 (不满)

②The students are making progre constantly.

学生们在不断进步。 (满意)

现在进行时的标志有很多,如:listen,look,now,these days,Be quiet!/Don\'t talk等等。

特殊用法

现在进行时与短暂性动词搭配使用时可表示将来的时态。例如:

The bus is coming.公交车来了。

Lily is leaving tonight, we would better send her off.莉莉今晚要走了,我们最好去送送她。

特殊情况

1.有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词,如:go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。

Next month my family is moving to Beijing.

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下个月,我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的动作并非现在发生,而将在下个月发生。)

My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o\'clock tomorrow morning.

明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。

2.并不是所有动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。

3.在时间、条件状语从句中,有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。

When you are paing my way,please drop in.

你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。

被动语态

现在进行时

现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时应注意以下一些问题:

1.也像其它时态由主动语态变被动语态一样,首先弄清楚用现在进行时的句子中哪些可以由主动语态变为被动语态。我们知道,在简单句的五个基本句型中,有三个基本句型(S V O,S V o O,S V O C)可以由主动语态变为被动语态;有两个基本句型(S V,S V P)不能由主动语态变为被动语态。所以,当这三个基本句型(S V O,S V InO DO,S V O OC)的谓语动词用了现在进行时时才有可能由主动语态变为被动语态。例如:

They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(S V O)→ The milu deer are being studied at the research centre.She is teaching the boy a leon.(S V InO DO)→ The boy is being taught a leon.Now he is making the girl laugh.(S V O OC)→ Now the girl is being made to laugh.

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还应注意到一些动词很少用于被动语态,因此这些动词在句子谓语用了现在进行时时也常没有被动语态。如:We are having supper now.一般不能变为Supper is being had now.。

2.及物动词现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时有三种句式:①主语(第一人称单数I) am being 过去分词 其他成分;②主语(第二人称单、复数you,第一人称复数we和第三人称复数they等) are being 过去分词 其他成分;③主语(第三人称单数 he,she,it等) is being 过去分词 其他成分。所以,当句子谓语动词用了现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时谓语动词要由原来作宾语变为主语时的名(代)词的数来决定,从上面三种句式中选择合适的一种句式。例如:

They are collecting money for the broadband project.→ Money is being collected for the broad-band project.They are not protecting some animals well enough.→ Some animals are not being protected well enough.

3.当变为主语的原来的宾语(名/代词)有较长的动词不定式短语(复合结构)、介词短语、从句修饰或有补足语时,动词不定式短语、介词短语、从句和补足语等,一般都仍然保留在原来的位置上。例如:

They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.→ The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school.→ A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school.Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre.→ A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).

4.如果用在现在进行时的句子中的谓语动词是动词短语或习惯用语,那么这个动词短语或习语只把动词变为被动语态,其他部分保持不变。例如:

The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.→

Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).

5.当用了现在进行时的句子结构是\"S V In O DO\"句型时,既可以把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,也可以把直接宾语变为被动句的主语,但如果是后者,可根

9 / 13

据动词的习惯用法,把间接宾语改写为to或for引起的介词短语。例如:

George is sending his friend\'s phone texts and pictures.His friend\'s phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George).Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend\'s phone(by George).She is making Toma new coat.Tom is being made a new coat.A new coat is being made for Tom.

6.用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后,原来充当主语的名/代词(特别是人称代词)在一般情况下可以省略掉,如果有必要强调时可用by表示,常放在句子后面。例如:

They are adding new functions to the phones.New functions are being added to the phones(by them).Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present.The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.

7.当用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后,其否定式的构成主要把not放在谓语动词中第一个助动词(am ,are或is)后面构成,而疑问式的构成则是把句子谓语动词的第一个助动词(am,are或is)移到句子前(第一个字母要大写),然后在句子后面加上问号而成。例如:

New nature parks are being started in China.

New nature parks are not being started in China.(否定式)

Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain.

Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain?(疑问式)

如果是特殊疑问句还要在这个助词前面加上适当疑问词。例如:

Why is money being collected? 与一般现在时区别

一般现在时表示经常性动作,现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。例如:

He studies hard.他(经常)努力学习。

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He is studying hard.他(此刻或现阶段)正在努力学习。

一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。例如:

Boats pa under the bridge.船从桥下穿过。

The boat is paing under the bridge.

船正从桥下穿过。

基本用法

(1)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。

(2)也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

(二)谓语构成:be (am/ is/ are)+v-ing (动词的现在分词)

I’m watching TV now.They’re playing football.

(三)现在分词的构成。

(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加ing。

go→going ask →asking look→looking

(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e加ing。

have →having take→taking make→making write→writing

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加-ing。

get→getting sit→sitting put→putting run→running

swim→swimming begin→beginning shop→shopping

(四)现在进行时态的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。

(1)肯定式:be+v-ing She is singing in the next room.

(2)否定式:be+not+v-ing The students aren’t cleaning the room.

(3)一般问句:be动词提前。

肯定答语Yes,主语+be,否定答语No,主语+be not。

Are you playing the computer game? Yes, I am./No, I am not.

(4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的:What+be +主语+doing+其他?

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What is the old man doing under the tree?

对其他成份进行提问的,疑问词+一般疑问句?

Where is the boy swimming?

Who is she waiting for?

三.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别

(一)现在进行时表示动作的暂时性,而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性

I am watching TV now.(暂时性)

I watch TV every day.(经常性)

(二)现在进行时可表示短暂性动作,而一般现在时表示长久性动作。

Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住)

Lucy lives in Beijing.(长久性居住)

(三)现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。

You’re always forgetting the most important things.(责备)

He is always helping others.(赞扬)

He often helps others.(事实)

(四)有些动词不能用进行时,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。

I have a lot of friends here.

She wants to buy a new bike.

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其他用法

(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:

They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。

(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:

Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。

(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:

We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。

(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:

Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

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英语八大时态总结表
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