时态的一般用法
1.一般现在时
①表示经常性或习惯性的动作.We always care for each other and help each other.②表示现在存在的状态。 The Yangtze River rises in Qinghai.③表示自然规律、科学事实、客观存在、谚语格言等，Light travels faster than sound.2．现在进行时：表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。
He’s showing a foreign guest round the city. We’re practising spoken English this week.3．一般将来时：
表示将要发生的动作或情况。 When will you be able to give us an answer? 4．一般过去时
①表示过去已发生的但与现在没关系的事情，动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)。
He worked in the factory for 3 years. ②表示过去经常发生的或习惯性动作。 She often came to help us. ③常用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等情况。 When did the accident happen? 5．现在完成时
①表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在的影响。 We have lived separately since last year.②某些表示时间的词汇或短语常与现在完成时连用。如：lately，so far，in/over/for the past/last few year等。 I haven’t had enough sleep lately.
The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted.6．过去进行时
①表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。 What were you doing at nine last night? ②常用过去进行时来描述故事发生的背景。One day，we were walking along a road....Suddenly....7．过去完成时
①表示过去某时间之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过去”)。 By the end of June we had treated 30,000 patients. ②在主从复合句中，如果一个动作发生在另一个过去动作之前，这一动作要用过去完成时。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.8．过去将来时
①表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。
The time was not far off when he would regret this decision. ②表示过去习惯性的动作。
Whenever he had time，he would help them in their work.9．现在完成进行时
①表示一直持续到现在，还可能进行下去的动作。 How long has it been raining? ②表示某动作持续时间太长，有令人疲劳或厌倦等含义。 I have been sitting here all afternoon.10．过去完成进行： 表示过去某时间之前一直进行的动作。
It had been raining for two days.The fields were all under water.11．将来进行时：表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
I won’t be free on Friday morning.I’ll be seeing a friend off.12．将来完成时：表示将来某时已完成的动作。
By this time next year we’ll have turned all the land into rice fields 时态的特殊用法
1.一般现在时：①表示按计划、规定、安排要发生的动作，主要指由时刻表、日程表规定循环进行的动作。 When does the train stop at Jinan? ②在时间、条件、让步状语从句中要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。
I’ll write to her when I have time.
I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose.
③make sure，take care，mind，it doesn’t matter，I don’t care后跟that从句时，从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。
We must take care that no one sees us.It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday.3．一般将来时：①表示倾向性动作。
This machine won’t work.机器不能运转了。
What’s the matter with the pen？The ink won’t come out. 钢笔怎么啦？墨水不出了。
②表示临时的决定、即刻的打算。
“I hear Wang Ling is ill in hospital.” “Then I’ll go to see her.”
4．一般过去时： ①I didn’t know，I didn’t mean，I thought等表示“原来不知道”“本没想”“原以为”。 Sorry，but I didn’t mean to hurt you.
②用于虚拟语气中It is time that we went to bed.固定句式或结构中的动词语态
1.This/It is the first/second time＋that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。
如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。 This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 2．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时。
如 把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 3．was/were about to do...when...意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.1.一般过去时与现在完成时
①一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或情况，与现在没有什么联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时则表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与for或since短语连用。 I didn’t see her last week.我上周没有见到她。
I haven’t seen her since last week.自上周以来我一直未见过她。
②人们在谈论一个话题时，常常用现在完成时提出该话题，然后用一般过去时具体谈论事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等。
“I have got a headache.” “No wonder.You worked in front of that computer too long.”
“Have you shown him around the museum yet？”“Yes.We had a great time there.”
③一般过去时、现在完成时都可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。区别是：一般过去时表示某动作曾持续一段时间，但在过去某个时间就已终止；现在完成时则表示某动作一直持续到现在，还没有终止。 I have lived in London for many years，and I’ve got used to the life there.
I lived in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者
小窍门： 我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成： be + 及物动词的过去分词 表示时态 表示被动
要变化 不变化 1.被动语态的构成
一般现在时：am/is/are done 一般过去时：was/were done 一般将来时：shall/will be done 过去将来时：should/would be done 现在进行时：am/is/are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done 现在完成时：has/have been done 过去完成时：had been done 1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V] 这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。 如：The children are playing happily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。 2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如：The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢住在中国。 3.主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。
常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如： ①He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。 ②The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO] 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”常见的双宾语结构： bring sb.sth (bring sth to sb).give sb.sth (give sth to sb.) hand sb.sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb.sth (leave sth.to sb) lend sb.sth (lend sth to sb) pa sb sth (pa sth to sb) return sb.sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth.to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb ) make sb.sth (make sth for sb) pay sb.sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb ) 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：
①My aunt bought me a computer.= My aunt bought a computer for me.我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 ②I paed him the salt.= I paed the salt to him.我把盐递给他。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] 如：We must keep our school clean.我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。
