大连理工大学网络教育学院
大学英语3辅导资料六
主题： Unit 4 的重点单词和短语(下)、Unit 4的知识扩展
学习时间：2013年11月4日－11月10日
内容：
NEW WORDS（对课文重点单词的解释）
1.impreionn.印象；感想
[搭配] 1) impreion of
e.g.What’s your impreion of Frank as a bo ?（你对身为老板的弗兰克印象如何？）
First impreions can be deceptive.（第一印象可能是靠不住的。）
2) create a good/bad impreion
e.g.Arriving late won’t create a very favorable impreion.（迟到不会给人留下好印象。）
2.ironvt.（用熨斗）熨平
e.g.Have you ironed my shirt?（你把我的衬衫熨过了吗？）
3.mattern.事情，情况
e.g.You do realize this is a serious matter, don’t you?（你确实意识到这是一件严重的事情，对吧？）
He wasn’t particularly interested in financial matters.（他对财务上的事不是特别感兴趣。）
[词性变化] mattervi.重要，要紧，有关系
e.g.— We’ve mied the train!（我们已经误了火车了！）
— It doesn’t matter, there’s another one in 10 minutes.（没关系，10分钟后还有一趟。）
It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.（其他人怎么看她对她来说极为重要。）
4.mentaladj.心理的；智力的
e.g.mental health（心理健康）
a child’s mental development（儿童的智力发展）
His problem is mental, not physical.（他的问题是心理的而不是身体的。）
5.negativeadj.消极的；负面的
e.g.Her negative attitude really annoys me.（她的消极态度令我十分恼火。）
The play was criticized for its violence and negative meage.（该剧因带有暴力内容和消极的思想而受到批评。）
[反义词] positive
6.outcomen.结果；后果
第1页共6页
e.g.We are anxiously awaiting the outcome of the negotiations.（我们急切地等待着谈判的结果。）
7.persistvi.坚持；执意
[搭配] persist in (doing) sth.
e.g.If you persist in causing trouble, the company may be forced to dismi you.（如果你执意制造麻烦，公司可能不得不解雇你。）
“I’m sorry, I just don’t think it’s right.” John persisted.（“我很抱歉，我只是认为那不对。”约翰坚持说道。）
8.qualifiedadj.有资格的；合格的，胜任的
e.g.a qualified accountant（合格的会计师）
[搭配] qualified to do sth.
e.g.He’s qualified to teach in elementary school, but not in high school.（他有资格教小学，但还不够教中学。）
It’s a complex legal matter and I don’t feel qualified to give an opinion.（这是复杂的法律问题，我觉得自己没资格提出看法。）
9.rejectvt.拒绝（接受）；不雇用
e.g.Sarah rejected her brother’s offer of help.（萨拉拒绝了她弟弟要帮忙的提议。）Ian was rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.（伊恩因为视力不好而被拒绝入伍。）
10.releasevt.（化学品）释放
e.g.Adrenalin is released in moments of danger.（危险的时候肾上腺素会释放出来。）
Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.（植物可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。）
11.replacevt.替代，替换
e.g.I’m replacing Sue on the team.（我接替队里的苏。）
Well, if he can’t manage he’ll have to be replaced.（如果你应付不了，就得找人替换他。）
[搭配] replace sth.with sth.
e.g.We’ve replace the old adding machine with a computer.（我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器。）
12.sensevt.感觉到，意识到
e.g.The horse sensed danger and stopped.（那匹马感到有危险，于是停了下来。）
I could sense her growing irritation.（我察觉到她的火气越来越大。）
13.shapevt.形成（某种信仰、看法等）； 决定（某事物的发展方向等） e.g.People’s political beliefs are often shaped by what they read in the newspapers.（人们的政治信仰常常是他们所读报纸内容的影响下形成的。）
[词性变化] shapen.外形
e.g.What shape is the table – round or oval?（那张桌子是什么形状的——圆形还是椭圆形？）
You can recognize a tree by the shape of its leaves.（你可以根据树叶的形状辨认出是什么树。）
14.tenseadj.紧张的；焦虑的
e.g.The robbers were tense as they waited a long time for the van to arrive.（劫匪们在运钞车到来之前的漫长等待中一直十分紧张。）
Try to act naturally, even if you\'re tense.（即使紧张也不要做作。）
15.worthyadj.值得尊敬的；
e.g.a worthy opponent（值得尊敬的对手）
[搭配] be worthy of（值得……的）
e.g.The plan is only worthy of our contempt.（这计划一文不值。）
The book is worthy of being read.（这本书值得一读。）
EXPRESSIONS
1.bring up
1) 提出（议题）
e.g.Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?（你为什么非要提钱这个话题？）
2) 养育
e.g.Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.（她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。）
2.due to 由于，因为
e.g.The two countries were on the point of war due to the diplomatic disputes.（这两个国家因为外交争端即将开战。）
Great changes are in prospect in this area due to foreign investment.（因为外资的引进，该地区会发生很大变化。）
一、过去完成时（本课重点和难点）
1.构成 had + 过去分词
2.功能
1) 表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况。 They had got everything ready before I came.（在我来到之前，他们已经把一切准备好了。）
I could see from her face that she had received some good news.（从她的脸上我可以看出她有什么高兴事儿。）
2) 过去完成时常用在有hardly, scarcely, barely, no sooner ...than等副词的句子中，这种结构表示“刚刚……就，不等……就”。
She had hardly (scarcely) gone to bed when the bell rang.（她刚刚睡下铃就响了。）
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.3) intend, mean, hope, want, plan等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.（我本来昨天要去看你的，但是刚要出门就有人来访。） He had wanted to help you but he had no time then.（他本想帮助你的，但当时没有时间。）
4) 表示“过去的将来”某一时刻之前已经完成的动作
She made up her mind to go on trying until she had succeeded.
5) 时间状语可由上下文表示
The office was quiet.Everybody had gone home.（办公室里静悄悄的，大家都回家了。）
6) hope, expect, think, want等词的过去完成时常用于比较结构中
He did better than we had thought.（他做得比我们原想的要好。）
7) first (second, third, last) time 同过去完成时连用
It was the first time he had lost the game.（这是他第一次比赛输了。）
二、将来完成时
1.构成 shall (will) have + 过去分词
2.功能
1) 表示将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作
I shall have finished it by next Friday.（到下周五我就把它完成了。）
She will have written it tomorrow at noon.（明天中午她就会写好了。）
2) 表示一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作
By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years.（到下周一，她在这里学习就要满三年了。）
3) 表示对现在或将来可能已完成动作的推测
She will have arrived by now.（她这时可能已经到了。）
He is a somebody now.He will have forgotten his old friends.（他现在是个要人了，可能把老朋友都忘了。）
统考例题（重点掌握）
1.I don’t know why she avoids ________ her opinion on the subject.
A.to giveB.to be givenC.givingD.being given
解析：此题的考点为avoid doing sth.的用法，意为“回避做某事”，所以答案为C。
2.If I had remembered _________ the window, the thief would not have got in.
A.to closeB.closingC.to have closedD.having closed
解析：remember to do意为“记得去做某事(未做)”；remember doing意为“记得做过某事(已做)”。根据题意答案为A。
3.Cambridge has announced plans to establish a busine school ________ the master’s degree in busine administration.
A.representingB.offeringC.presentingD.supplying
解析：represent意为“代表”；offer意为“提供”；present意为“提出”；supply意为“供应”。根据题意答案为B。
4.It would make ________ for the parents to be involved in this discuion.
A.senseB.ideaC.meaningD.significance
解析：make sense意为“有意义、有道理”，所以答案为A。
5.The license must be clearly ________ in the car windscreen.
A.spreadB.displayedC.exposedD.located
解析：display意为“展示”，所以答案为B。
练习题（重点练习）
1.— What’s his mother like?
— _____________.
A.She’s very happyB.She’s tall and thin
C.She’s at homeD.She likes watching TV
2.It is said that ________ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.
A.very littleB.quite a few
C.quite a bitD.quite a little
3.________ girl dreed ________ black is her sister Rose.
A.A; inB.A; onC.The; onD.The; in
4.The new order means ________ overtime.
A.worksB.workedC.to workD.working
5.He has two best friends.________ of them is in the country.
A.AllB.BothC.No one
答案：1.B2.B3.D4.D5.DD.Neither
