名词所有格的构成及用法
名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括\'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。
定义:表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系,叫做名词所有格。
名词所有格的用法:
一、名词+’s(主要用于有生命的事物)
1、单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s构成所有格
例如:
Jimmy’s book(吉米的书)
Jane’s schoolbag(简的书包)
Mark’s room (马克的房间)
Qianqian’s mother (倩倩的妈妈)
Children’s Day(儿童的节日、六一儿童节)
Wuhan’s summer is very hot.(武汉的夏天非常热。)
Qianqian ’s math is very good.(倩倩的数学很好。)
2、复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加’ 构成所有格。
例如:
Twins’ father is Mr.Brown.(双胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。)
Girls’ favorite food is ice-cream.(女孩们最喜欢的食物是冰激凌。)
二、名词+of +名词
如果名词是无生命的,我们通常就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。例如:
A bag of mine= my bag(我的书包)
The name of the girl =the girl’s name (女孩的名字)
The window of the bedroom = the bedroom’s window(卧室的窗户)
三、特殊所有格
若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。
例如:
This is Tom and Jim’s room.这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。
These are Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.
这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。
an hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程)
四.\'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象
(1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常
常省略。例如:
I met her at the doctor\'s(office).我在诊所遇见了她。
He has gone to the tailor\'s(shop).他到服装店去了。
She went to Mr.Black\'s(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。
(2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重
1复。例如:
Whose pen is this?It\'s Tom\'s.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin\'s.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。
五.双重所有格及其用法
\'s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成\"of+所有格\"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与\"one of...\"相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下:
1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如:
a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历
2.名词+of+\'s所有格。例如:
He is a friend of my sister\'s.(=one of my sister\'s friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友
Look at that long nose of Jack\'s.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩)
试比较:
a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao Zhang\'s 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片
3.不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或\'s所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如:
most of the students 学生中的大多数
three of them 他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书
Which book of Qiong Yao\'s have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?
A.\'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别
请仔细比较下面三句话:
1.She is Mary\'s brother\'s friend.
2.She is a friend of Mary\'s brother.
3.She is a friend of Mary\'s brother\'s.
1句用的是\'s所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary\'s brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。
一.用所给词的适当形式填空:
1.March 8th is __________Day.(woman).
2.Taking twenty __________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health.
3.The shop sells ____________(妇女) handbags.
4.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in a year.
5.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day.(teacher) .
二.选择填空:
1.----How’s Joy’s skirt?
----Her skirt is more beautiful than ________.
A.her sister’s and KateB.her sister and Kate
C.her sister and Kate’sD.her sister’s and Kate’s
2.This is _______ room.The twin sisters like it very much.
A.Lucy’s and Lily’sB.Lucy’s and LilyC.Lucy and Lily’s
3.In ______ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A.few yearsB.a few years’C.a few yearD.a few year’s
4.Did you hear the ___________report?
A.policemenB.policemen’sC.policemens’D.policemens
5.It’s about __________walk from my home.
A.ten minuteB.ten minutes’C.ten minute’sD.ten minutes
6.This is my dre.That one is ______________.
A.MaryB.Mary’sC.sisterD.mother
7.Where is ___________ sweater ? I can’t see it.
A.LucyB.LucysC.Lucy’s
8.__________ mothers made them have piano leons.
A.Peter and AnneB.Peter’s and Anne’sC.Peter’s and AnneD.Peter and Anne’s
9.We’ll have a ____________ holiday.What about going to the West Lake?
A.two daysB.two-dayC.two-daysD.two-days’(两天的假期:two days’ holiday/two-day holiday)
10.The market isn’t far from here.It’s only ___________ bicycle ride.
A.half an hours’B.half an hour’sC.half an hourD.an hour and a half
11.The twin brothers always put small presents in ___________stockings on Christmas Day.
A.each other’sB.each otherC.each othersD.each others’
12.My father will have a _________ holiday next month.He’ll take me to Qingdao.
A.ten daysB.ten days’C.ten-daysD.ten day’s
13.When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben.That is to say my seat was between ____________.
A.Ted and BenB.Ted’s and BenC.Ted and Ben’sD.Ted’s and Ben’s
14.It is said that SARS has killed more than _______________ people worldwide.
A.three hundredsB.three hundreds’C.three hundred’sD.three hundred
25.Kate won the _______ race in the summer sports meeting.
A.100-metreB.100-metresC.100 metreD.100 metre’s (同12题)
A.two week’s timeB.two weeks’ time
C.two week timeD.two weeks time
三.翻译。
1.__________________________(李明的父母)workin a big hospital.
2.This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
4.They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
5.___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
6.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
7.We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).
8.He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.
9.Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).
10.______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.
Answers:1-5 DCBBB6-10 BBDCB11-15 CBBAA16-20
BDDDA21-26 BBBCBB
1.Women’s 2.minutes’ 3.women’s4.three months’5.Teachers’6.
minutes’7.hour’s