第一章 名词
名词的概念
在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。
一、名词的数
名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。
*名词复数的构成法则
1.一般情况下在词尾加 s.词尾读音
shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 [ s ] bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 [ z ] window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读 [ z ] 2.以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。
cla --- claes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ] box --- boxes (盒子) match --- matches (比赛) brush --- brushes (刷子) 3.以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es. story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ] 4.以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ] monkey --- monkeys 5.以 “o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es” tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ] potato --- potatoes (土豆) zoo --- zoos (动物园) photo --- photos (照片) *（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）
6.以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves.leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ] knife --- knives ( 小刀)
1 7.不规则名词复数的变化
man --- men (男人) tooth ---teeth (牙齿) child --- children (儿童) mouse --- mice(老鼠) foot --- feet (脚) woman --- women (女人) 8.名词单复数形式一样
sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer （鹿） English --- English（英国人） Chinese --- Chinese（中国人） *（不规则名词变复数）口诀： 男人，女人a变e；
鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee； 其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；
孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。
二、名词所有格的构成法
1.主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如: This is Tom’s desk .这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mike’s book.那是迈克的书。
2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ .如: the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室
the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒
3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如：
the children’s palace 少年宫 men’s room 男厕所 *名词所有格口诀：
名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。
名词练习题
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
computer ____________ apple _________ house _____________ sheep_____________watch _____________ tomato _____________ child _____________tooth________ foot ______________ wife _____________potato ____________day ____________ gla______________radio ______________zoo______________
2 life ______________ story_____________leaf _____________ baby_____________dre _____________ deer_____________ cla____________ key_____________English____________ mouse____________man _____________country _____ tooth ____ mouse __ boy____________ tree horse ______ bus______________ fox _____ baby family _______ photo _____ piano _____ woman____book____________dre____________ sheep__________ tea__________box________strawberry_________ peach_________sandwich__________ paper_________ juice__________ water____________ milk___________ rice__________
people __ fish___________
二、填入所给名词的正确形式
1.I have two____________ (knife) 2.There are many ___________ here.(box) 3.There are many ___________ on the road.(bus) 4.A few ___________ are drawing on the wall.(boy) 5.The ______________ are playing football now.(child) 6. Please take two _______________ for me.(photo) 7.I like the red ________________.(tomato) 8.Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth) 9. Do you want some _________? (milk) 10.There are ten __________ _________in our school.(woman teacher)
三、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1．This dog is brown.___________________________________________________ 2.There is a book and a pen on the table.___________________________________________________ 3.That woman is a teacher.
1．This sheep is white.___________________________________________________ 2.There is a desk and a chair in the room.
3 ___________________________________________________ 3.That man is a doctor.
三、选择填空
( )1．There are two ______ in the room. A.Chineses B.Englishman ( )2.The old man will have ___________ out. A.two tooths B.two teeth ( )3.____________ are sold in this bookstore. A.Children’s books B.Children books ( )4.Some friends of _________ will come here. A.John’s B.John ( )5.Can you give me ______________? A.some papers B.a piece of paper ( )6.There are ______________ on the floor.A.some box B.some boxes ( )7.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
A.cloth
B.water
C.flowers
( )8.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
A.boy
B.boys
C.boies ( )9.A cat has four ____ , doesn\'t it?
A.foots
B.feet
C.feets ( )10.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A.American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese ( )11.Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A.fish
B.book
C.horse ( )12.The _____ has two______.
A.boy; watch B.boy; watches
C.boys; watch ( )13.The _____ are flying back to their country.
A.Germany
B.Germanys
C.Germans ( )14.The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.
A.tooths
B.teeth
C.teeths ( )15.I saw many _____ in the street. A.peoples B.people C.people’s ( )16.The green sweater is his _________. A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s ( )17.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys ( )18.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato ( )19.They are______. A .woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher ( )20.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two gla of water B.two glaes of water C.two gla of waters D.two glaes of waters ( )21.Most of ______ live in _______. A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany ( )22.There are some ______ in these _______. A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives
pencil-box
D.knives pencils-boxes ( )23.______ like ______ by air. A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling ( )24.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片). A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples ( )25.There is no ______ in the plate. A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs ( )26.My uncle has three _______. A.child
B.childs
C.children
5 D.childrens
四、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √ ”
1．The house is my brother.________________________ 2.He has visited many country.______________________ 3.They are Englishs.______________________________ 4.This is Tom red bike.____________________________
五、汉译英
1．Tom的足球 _________________ 2.老师们的自行车_________________ 3．学生们的课桌 _________________ 4.哥哥的文具盒_________________ 5．姑姑的卡片 _________________ 6.猴子们的香蕉_________________ 7．蚂蚁们的早餐 _________________ 8.妈妈的包_________________ 9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________ 10女孩们的苹果_________________
六、把下列句子翻译成英文 1．这些 是Peter 的篮球吗？
________________________________________ 2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？
___________________________________________ 3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________ 4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________ 6
