Leon 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.However, this does not always happen.Traffic police are sometimes very polite.During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: \'Sir, we welcome you to our city.This is a \"No Parking\" area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.\' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! New words and expreions 生词和短语
park v.停放（汽车） traffic n.交通
ticket [ˈtikit]
n.交通违规罚款单 note [nəut] n.便条area [ˈɛəriə]
n.地段 sign [sain] n.指示牌 reminder [rɪˈmaɪndə]
n.提示 fail [feil]
v.无视，忘记 obey [əˈbei]
v.服从
参考译文
一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！
1.A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求
1) polite [pə\'lait] adj.(politer, politest) more polite和most polite亦常见
1.having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有礼貌的；客气的；儒雅的 synonym: courteous [\'kə:tiəs]有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指) 恭敬的，谦恭的 e.g.请礼貌待客。Please be polite to our guests.2.socially correct but not always sincere 应酬的；礼节性的；客套的： e.g.我不晓得怎么说应酬话。I don’t know how to make polite conversation.3.[only before noun] from a cla of society that believes it is better than others上流社会的 adv.politely n.[u] politene 2) request [riˈkwest]
n., v.n.~(for sth.) / ~(that„)
1.the action of asking for sth.formally and politely(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求： e.g.他们要求再给一些帮助。They made a request for further aid.他按照经理的要求到了那里。
He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.(=because his manager had asked him to go) 2.a thing that you formally ask for要求的事
e.g.广播点播节目 a radio request programme (=a programme of music, songs, etc.that listeners have asked for) v.~sth.(from sb.) (formal) to ask for sth.or ask sb.to do sth.in a polite or formal way(正式或礼貌地)请求；要求
e.g.[vn] 你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。You can request a free copy of the leaflet.(copy n.[c] 1.(书、报纸等的一本，一册，一份) 2.[c] ~(of sth.) 复印件，复制品) (leaflet [ˈli:flit]
n.散页印刷品；传单；宣传手册；广告手册)
[vn to inf] 请不要在餐馆里吸烟。You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.他们要求他离开。They requested him to leave.
[v that] 她要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。
She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting.
她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。She requested that no one should be told of her decision.2.If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。
1) 英语中指每个人/任何人的不定代词通常是one: e.g.一个人永远不会知道明天将会发生什么事。(即大家都不知道) One can never know what will happen tomorrow.但在日常会话中，非正式的you则更为常用：
e.g.如果你进行一次环球旅行的话，你就会看到许多风景胜地。(you为泛指) If you make a journey around the world, you’ll see many beauty spots.2) park [pɑ:k]
v., n.v.1.to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time.停(车)；泊(车) e.g.[v] 此处不准停车。You can’t park here.
[vn] 此处禁止停车。You can’t park the car here.2.[vn.+adv./prep.] ~yourself (informal) to sit or stand in a particular place for a period of time坐下(或站着)
e.g.她坐在床沿上。She parked herself on the edge of the bed.n.
1.[c] an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relax公园 e.g.我们去公园散了散步。We went for a walk in the park.2.(in compounds构成复合词) an area of land used for a particular purpose专用区；园区 e.g.商业/科学园区
a busine/science park 野生动物园 a wildlife park
( wildlife n.[u] 野生动物；野生生物) 3.[c] (in Britain) an enclosed area of land, usually with fields and trees, attached to a large country house(英国)庄园；庭院
4.[c] (AmE) a piece of land for playing sports, esp.baseball 运动场；(尤指)棒球场
5.(the park) (BrE) a football or rugby field 足球场；橄榄球场(rugby [ˈrʌɡbi] n.[u] 橄榄球运动) 3) 句尾的it代指的是句子的整个if从句，即你把汽车停错了地方这件事。
parking n.[u] 1.the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time停车；泊车 e.g.上午九时至下午六时此处禁止停车。There is no parking here between 9 a.m.and 6 p.m.2.a space or an area for leaving vehicles 停车场；停车位
parking lot n.(AmE) an area where people can leave their cars 停车场
(lot [lɔt] n.[c] (作某种用途的)一块地，场地) parking ticket (also ticket) n.违章停车传票 3) traffic [ˈtræfik]
n., v.n.[u]
1.the vehicles that are on a road at a particular time路上行驶的车辆；交通
e.g.繁忙的/高峰时刻的交通 heavy/rush-hour traffic 交通警察 traffic police
2.the movement of ships, trains, aircraft, etc.along a particular route (沿固定路线的)航行，行驶，飞行 e.g.空中交通管制 air traffic control 横渡大西洋的航行 transatlantic traffic
(transatlantic [ˌtrænsətˈlæntɪk ] adj.[obn] 1.横渡大西洋的；横越大西洋的 2.大西洋两岸国家的 3.在大西洋彼岸的；来自大西洋彼岸的) 2 3.the movement of people or goods from one place to another运输；人流；货流： e.g.一国与另一国间的货物运输 the traffic of goods between one country and another 4.~(in sth.) illegal trade in sth.(非法的)交易，买卖
e.g.毒品的非法交易 the traffic in drugs
verb.(-ck-) phr.v.traffic in sth.to buy and sell sth.illegally(非法)进行„交易，做„买卖 e.g.从事毒品非法交易 to traffic in drugs
trafficker [ˈtræfikə]
n.从事违法勾当者e.g.毒品贩子 a drugs trafficker
trafficking n.[u] 非法交易e.g.被控贩毒 to be accused of drug trafficking
traffic jam n.a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly堵车；交通阻塞(jam [dʒæm] n.1.[u, c] 果酱 2.[c] 拥挤；堵塞) e.g.我们遇上了交通阻塞。We were stuck in a traffic jam.(stick v.(stuck, stuck) vi.~(in sth.) (在某物中)卡住，陷住，动不了) traffic light n.[c] (also traffic lights [pl.]) (AmE also stoplights [pl.]) 交通信号灯 4) police [pəˈli:s]
n. 警察部门，警方(与the连用)： e.g.警车 a police car
一名男子被警方逮捕。A man was arrested by the police.
警方总是为治安操心。The police always care for public order.
你如果再不放开我，我就要叫警察了。If you don’t let me go, I’ll call the police.警察们正在盘问一名外国游客。The police are questioning a foreign tourist.vt.1.(of the police, army, etc.警察、军队等) to go around a particular area to make sure that nobody is breaking the law there 巡查；维护治安
e.g.边境将由联合国官员巡查。The border will be policed by UN officials.(official n.(often in compounds)要员；官员；高级职员 adj.[ubn] 正式的；官方的；官方授权的) 2.(of a committee [kəˈmiti] , etc.委员会等) to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed监督；管制
police dog n.警犬
police force n.(国家、地区或城镇的)警力，警察部队 police officer n.(also officer) 警察
police station (AmE also station house) n.警察局；警察分局；派出所 如果要单指一名警察，可以用policeman或policewoman: e.g.那边有一位交通警。你可以向他打听去车站的路怎么走。
There is a traffic policeman over there.You can ask him the way to the station.汤姆的姐姐是位(女)警察。Tom’s sister is a policewoman.
3.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。
1) let sb.go
1.to allow sb.to be free 放，释放(某人) e.g.他们是否会释放人质？Will they let the hostages go? (hostage [ˈhɔstidʒ] n.人质) 2.to make sb.have to leave their job解雇；开除： e.g.由于利润下降他们将不得不解雇100名员工。
They’re having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.[ˈprɒfɪt] let sb./sth.go / let go (of sb./sth.) 1.to stop holding sb./sth.放开；松手
e.g.那人抓住我的胳膊不放。The man won’t let go (of) my arm.
3 别松开绳子。Don’t let go of the rope./ Don’t let the rope go.
放手！你把我弄疼了。Let go! You’re hurting me! 2.to give up an idea or an attitude, or control of sth.放弃，摒弃(想法、态度或控制) e.g.该忘掉过去了。It’s time to let the past go./ It’s time to let go of the past.let yourself go
1.to behave in a relaxed way without worrying about what people think of your behaviour 放松；随心所欲：e.g.来吧！尽情地玩，玩个痛快吧！Come on, enjoy yourself, let yourself go! 2.to stop being careful about how you look and dre, etc.不注重仪表；不修边幅： e.g.他失业后就不修边幅了。He has let himself go since he lost his job.
let me see/think used when you are thinking or trying to remember sth.让我想一想；让我思考一下 e.g.现在让我想想-他说他住在哪里呢？Now let me see-where did he say he lived? let sb.down to fail to help or support sb.as they had hoped or expected不能帮助，不能支持(某人)；使失望：
e.g.很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。I’m afraid she let us down badly.你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。This machine won’t let you down.let sb.off (with sth.) to not punish sb.for sth.they have down wrong, or to give them only a light punishment不惩罚；放过；宽恕；从轻处罚
e.g.她没被处罚，只是受了个警告。She was let off with a warning.let sb.off sth.to allow sb.not to do sth.or not to go somewhere允许(某人)不做；准许(某人)不去(某处) e.g.他今天免了我们的家庭作业。He let us off homework today.let sth.off to fire a gun or make a bomb, etc.explode放(枪等)；使爆炸 e.g.那些男孩在放花炮。The boys were letting off fireworks.2) without a ticket 在这里指without giving you a ticket.3) ticket [ˈtikit] n., v. n.
1.~(for/to sth.) a printed piece of paper that gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train, etc.or to go into a theatre, etc.票；券；车票；戏票；入场券
e.g.公共汽车/戏/飞机票 a bus/theatre/plane ticket 演出的免费入场券 free tickets to the show 售票处；自动售票机 a ticket office/machine 2.a label [ˈleibəl] that is attached to sth.in a shop/store giving details of its price, size, etc.(商店中标明货物价格、尺码等的)标签
3.an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done sth.illegal while driving or parking your car (交通违章)通知单，罚款单
e.g.违章停车/超速驾驶罚款单 a parking/speeding ticket 4.[usually sing.] (esp.AmE) a list of candidates that are supported by a particular political party in an election(政党在选举中所支持的)候选人名单 e.g.他计划继续代表共和党参加 11 月份的选举。
He plans to remain on the Republican ticket for the November election.IDM: just the ticket (AmE, BrE)=just the job (BrE) (spoken, approving) exactly what is needed in a particular situation 正需要的东西；求之不得的东西 e.g.那杯茶来得正好。That cup of tea was just the job.Vt.
1.(technical术语) to produce and sell tickets for an event, a trip, etc.; to give sb.a ticket售票；给„门票；送票
4 e.g.旅客现在可以电子购票。Paengers can now be ticketed electronically.(electronic [ilekˈtrɔnik] adj.[ubn] 1.(of a device装置)电子的；电子器件的 2.电子设备的；电子器件的 electronically adv.用电子方法；用电子装置 ) 2.[usually paive] (esp.AmE) to give sb.an official notice that orders them to pay a fine because they have done sth.illegal while driving or parking a car发出交通违章通知单 e.g.违章停车就可能收到罚款单。Park illegally, and you’re likely to be ticketed.Phr.v.be ticketed for sth.(esp.AmE) to be intended for a particular purpose被指定为；被委派为 ticketing n.[u] the proce of producing and selling tickets售票 e.g.售票系统 ticketing systems 4.However, this does not always happen.Traffic police are sometimes very polite.然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。
this 代指上句话所说的情况，即交通警一般都会给你罚款单。
5.During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: \'Sir, we welcome you to our city.This is a \"No Parking\" area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.\' 有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。” 1) note [nəut] n., v.n.1.[c] a short piece of writing to help you remember sth 笔记，记录 e.g.请记下日期。 Please make a note of the dates.2.[c] a short information letter短笺；便条
e.g.她在厨房的餐桌上给杰克留了个便条。She left a note for Jack on the kitchen table.3.[c] a piece of paper money纸币
e.g.一张面值为5英镑的纸币 a ￡5 note 4.[c] a short comment (n.[ˈkɔment]
评论；注释；说明)on a word or paage in a book注释；按语批注 e.g.参见第223页的注释16。 See Note 16 on p.223.IDM:
of note (formal)
1.of fame or importance 著名的，重要的
e.g.有些(很有)知名度的作家 a writer of (some/great) note 2.worth noticing or paying attention to 值得注意：
e.g.会上有值得注意的事情发生吗？Did anything of note happen at the meeting? take note (of sth.) to pay attention to sth.and be sure to remember it注意到；将„铭记在心 e.g.牢记他说的话。Take note of what he says.留心一下天气状况。Take note of the weather conditions...v.(rather formal) 1.to notice or pay careful attention to sth.注意；留意
e.g.[vn] 请注意这位作家为达到戏剧效果而使用一般现在式的手法。
Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.[iˈfekt]（n.结果；效果；作用；）
[v.+that] 请注意，票的数量有限。Please note that there are a limited number of tickets.请注意这张账单必须在10天内付清。Please note that this bill must be paid within ten days.
[v+wh-] 注意看他怎样操作这台机器，并想法子照他那样做。
Note how he operates [ˈɔpəreit]the machine and try to copy him.(copy vt.模仿；效法；仿效) 2.to mention sth because it is important or interesting指出；特别提到 e.g.值得指出的是最成功的公司价格最低。
5 It is worth noting that the most succeful companies had the lowest prices.Phr.v.note sth.down to write down sth.important so that you will not forget it记录；记下 notebook [ˈnəutbuk] n.1笔记本(簿) 2.(also notebook computer)笔记本(电脑)；笔记本计算机 laptop [ˈlæpˌtɔp] n.膝上型计算机；便携式电脑
noted adj.~(for/as sth) well known because of a special skill or feature(以„)见称，闻名，著名synonym: famous
e.g.著名的舞蹈演员 a noted dancer 他没什么幽默感。He is not noted for his sense of humour.这个湖作为许多鸟类的栖息地遐迩闻名。The lake is noted as a home to many birds.notepaper (also writing paper) n.[u] 信纸；便笺
notable [\'nəutəbl] adj.~(for sth) 值得注意的；显著的；重要的 e.g.他的早期作品和后期作品之间有明显的差异。
There is a notable difference between his earlier and later writings. n.[usually pl.] 名人；重要人物
e.g.许多著名人士参加了招待会。
Many notables attended the reception [riˈsepʃən].(n.1.接待,接见;欢迎 2.接待会;欢迎会;宴会[C])
notably adv.1.尤其；特别 synonym: especially e.g.这房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地点和价格。
The house had many drawbacks, most notably its location ([ləuˈkeiʃən] n.位置；场所) and price.(drawback [ˈdrɔ:bæk]n.缺点；缺陷；不利条件) 2.极大程度上；非常 synonym: remarkably e.g.这个项目没有取得很大的成功。This has not been a notably succeful project.2) No Parking原来是交通标牌上的一句话，在句中作area的定语。类似的由若干个词合成的词组型定语还有：a never-to-be-forgotten day (一个永远也不能忘掉的日子)，a well-to-do family(一个富裕的家庭)等。
well-to-do adj.having a lot of money; rich 有钱的；富有的；富裕的 e.g.他们很阔绰。They are very well-to-do.3) area [ˈɛəriə] n.
1.[c] part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world(地方、城市、国家、世界的)地区，地域
e.g.荒漠地区 desert [ˈdezət] areas 农村/城市地区 rural/urban areas 内城区 inner-city areas (rural [ˈruərəl] adj.乡下的;乡村的;农村的 urban [ˈə:bən] adj.城市的；城镇的；都市的) 60年前有一半法国人仍然生活在乡村地区。
Sixty years ago half the French population still lived in rural areas.2.[c] a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose(房间、建筑物、处所划为某用途的)地方，场地，区
e.g.旅馆接待处 the hotel reception area游戏场地；停车场 a play/parking area 3.[c] a particular place on an object (物体上的)区，部位： e.g.你会注意到你的宝宝头顶上有两处柔软的地方。
You will notice that your baby has two soft areas on the top of his head.4.[c] ~(of sth.) a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it 领域；方面： e.g.健身俱乐部是近年来发展迅速的领域。
The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.语言教学领域的发展 developments in the area of language teaching 6 5.[c, u] the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, described as a measurement 面积
e.g.三角形的面积the area of a triangle ([ˈtraiæŋɡl] n.三角形) 这个房间面积是12平方米。The room is 12 square metres in area.(square adj.1.正方形的；四方形的2.(用于数字后表示面积)平方) 前花园的面积是多少？What’s the area of the front garden? 4) sign n., v 1.[c, u] ~(of sth) / ~(that„) an event, an action, a fact, etc.that shows that sth.exists, is happening or may happen in the future迹象；征兆；预兆
synonym: indication [,ɪndi\'keiʃən] n.[c, u] ~(of sth/of doing sth / ~( that„) 表明；标示；显示；象征) e.g.头疼可能是紧张的迹象。Headaches may be a sign of stre.(n.1.[u, c] 精神压力；心理负担；紧张 2.[u, c] ~(on sth.) 压力)
哪儿都没有约翰的影子。There is no sign of John anywhere.她的工作出现了一些改进的迹象。Her work is showing some signs of improvement.2.[c] a piece of paper, wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information, instructions, a warning, etc.招牌;标牌;指示牌;告示牌;标志
(writing n.1.[u] 写；书写；写作 2.[u]著作；文字作品；文章 3.(writings)[pl.] (某作家或专题的)著作，作品 4.[u] (书写或印刷的)文字 5.[u]笔迹；字迹；书法) e.g.道路/交通标志 a road/traffic sign 商店/酒吧招牌 a shop/pub sign
墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。The sign on the wall said ‘Now wash your hands’.3.[c] a movement or sound that you make to tell sb.sth.示意的动作(或声音)；手势 e.g.她点头示意我们坐下。She nodded [nɔd] as a sign for us to sit down.4.[c] a mark used to represent [,repri\'zent] sth.esp.in mathematics 符号；记号
e.g.加/减号 a plus [plʌs] /minus [\'mainəs] sign 表示英镑/美元的符号 a pound/dollar sign IDM: a sign of the times something that you feel shows what things are like now, esp.how bad they are时代特征(含贬义) v.1.to write your name on a document, letter, etc.to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine ([\'dʒenjuin] adj.1.真的；名副其实的 2.真诚的；诚实的；可信赖的) 签(名)，署(名)；签字，签署
e.g.[v] 请在这里签名。Sign your name here, please.
[vn] 这封信您还没有署名。You haven’t signed the letter.
在协议/合同/支票上签字 to sign a deal/contract/cheque (AmE check) 2.to arrange for sb., for example a sports player or musician, to sign a contract agreeing to work for your company; to sign a contract agreeing to work for a company和„签约(或应聘)： e.g.[v] 乐队同维京唱片公司签了约。The band signed with Virgin Records.(virgin adj.1.[ubn] 未开发的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的2.[obn] 处女的；贞洁的；童贞的)
[vn]这个公司最近和一名新演员签约。The company has just signed a new actor.3.~(to sb.) (to do sth.) to make a request or tell sb.to do sth.by using a sign, esp.a hand movement 示意；打手势：
e.g.旅馆经理示意行李工替我拿箱子。
The hotel manager signed to the porter to pick up my case.(porter [ˈpɔ:tə] n.1.行李员；搬运工 2.(医院里护送病人的)护工 3.门卫)(pick sth.up 拿起；举起；提起 ) 7 4.to use sign language to communicate with sb.打手势语： e.g.[vn] 现在越来越多的戏剧配上了手势语。
An increasing number of plays are now being signed.
[v] 为帮助她耳聋的孩子，她学会了手势语。She learnt to sign to help her deaf child.Phr.v.
1.sign for sth.to sign a document to show that you have received sth.签收 e.g.有人已经签收了这个包裹。Someone has signed for the package.2.sign sth.away to give something up formally by signing a paper签字放弃(某物) e.g.他签字放弃他在那笔财产中应得的一份。He signed away his share in the property.3.sign in/out // sign sb.in/out to write your/sb.’s name when you arrive at or leave an office, a club, etc.签到/退；替„签到/签退
e.g.来客均需签到。All visitors must sign in on arrival.
客人离开俱乐部时，你必须为他们签退。You must sign guests out when they leave the club.4.sign sth.over (to sb.) to give your rights or property to sb.else by signing a document签字转让(权利或财产) e.g.她签署了转让手续，把房子过到女儿名下。She has signed the house over to her daughter.5.sign up (for sth.) to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it 报名(参加课程) signature [ˈsiɡnitʃə] n.1.[c] 签名；署名 2.[u] (formal) 签名；署名；签字；签署 signboard n.(商店、旅馆等的)招牌，告示牌，广告牌 5) reminder [rɪˈmaɪndə] n.
1.~(of sb./sth.) / ~(that„) something that makes you think about or remember sb./sth., that you have forgotten or would like to forget引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物 e.g.这些照片总能使人回忆起二十世纪二十年代的生活。
The photographs are a lasting reminder of life in the 1920s.(lasting adj.[ubn] 继续存在的；持久的；耐久的) 2.a letter or note informing sb.that they have not done sth.(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信 e.g.他还没有付账，我们最好寄给他一封催款信。
He hasn’t paid his bill.We’d better send him a reminder.remind [riˈmaind] v.~sb.(about/of sth.) to help sb.remember sth.important that they must do提醒；使想起
e.g.[vn] 对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？
I’m sorry, I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?
[vn to inf] 提醒我在出去之前给玛丽打电话。Remind me to phone Mary before I go out.
[vn (that)] 旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。
Paengers are reminded (that) no smoking is allowed on this train.
[vn wh-] 谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？Can someone remind me what I should do next? Phr.v.remind sb.of sb./sth.使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)：
e.g.你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。You remind me of your father when you say that.
这股气味使我想起了法国。That smell reminds me of France.6.If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！
1) fail和refuse, forget等相似，是具有否定意义的动词。虽然一个句子中一般只能有一个否定词，但有时也会有cannot fail这样两个否定词同时出现在一个句子中的情况，这时它们构 8 成双重否定。双重否定用来表示肯定。因此，这句话的意义实际上就是“你会遵照执行的”。又如：
e.g.你一定不要拒绝我。(即你一定要答应我) You must not refuse me.fail [feil] v.1.~(in sth.) to not be succeful in achieving sth.失败；未能（做到） e.g.(1) 我未能说服她。
I failed in my attempt to persuade her.
(2) 她未能进入艺术学院。She failed to get into art college.
2.to not pa a test or an exam; to decide that sb./ sth.has not paed a test or an exam不及格，评定不及格e.g.他驾驶执照考试不及格。He failed his driving test.3.未做；未履行(某事)：
e.g.[v] 他认为他如果不报告就是失职。
He felt he would be failing in his duty if he did not report it.
[v to inf] 他未履约。He failed to keep the appointment.
每周他必定发电子邮件。He never fails to e-mail every week.4.[v] to stop working 出故障；失灵
e.g.我骑自行车下山到中途刹车失灵了。The brakes on my bike failed half way down the hill.5.[v] (esp.in the progreive tenses尤用于进行时) to become weak衰退 e.g.她的视力日渐衰退。Her eyesight is failing.6.[v] to be unable to continue倒闭；破产：
e.g.经济衰退期间有几家银行倒闭了。Several banks failed during the receion.( [riˈseʃən] n.[c, u] 经济衰退，经济萎缩) IDM: without fail
1.务必；一定
e.g.我要你两点钟务必来到这里。I want you here by two o’clock without fail.2.always 总是；必定 e.g.他每周必定写信。He writes every week without fail.
failure
n.1.[u] 失败2.[c] 失败的人(或事物)3.[u, c] ~(to do sth) 未做，未履行(应做之事)4.[u, c] 故障；失灵 5.[c, u] busine~破产，倒闭
2) obey [əˈbei] vi.& vt.to do what you are told or expected to do服从；遵守；顺从 opposite: disobey e.g.vt. 服从指挥/命令 to obey a command/ an order 遵守规章/法律 to obey rules/the law
他对父母一向绝对服从。He had always obeyed his parents without question.大多数人都遵纪守法。Most people obey the law...Grammar in use
条件句 (Conditional sentences) (1) 条件指某一事情完成之后其他事情才能发生。if通常的意思是“假如”，其后有时跟 then(那么)。如果then没有道出，也会隐含在句子的意思内。if 引导的条件从句不是指已经发生的事件，而是指能够发生，可能发生或可能发生过的事件。如果我们认为将来的事件很可能会发生，那么if从句中要用一般现在时(有时也用其他形式的现在时)，主句中用will(或shall) 加动词形式或其他形式的将来时：
e.g.你若是不小心，就会打碎花瓶的。You’ll break that vase if you’re not careful.如果我打碎了，我就买个新的。If I do, I’ll buy a new one.
9 如果他不买那些画，你怎么办？ What will you do if he doesn’t buy those pictures? 我敢肯定他会买的。不过如果他不买，那么我就自己买。
I’m sure he will buy them, but if he doesn’t, I’ll buy them myself.
如果她正在睡觉，那就别叫醒她。Don’t wake her up if she’s sleeping.如果她正在睡觉，我当然不会叫醒她！
Of course I shan’t/won’t wake her up if she’s sleeping! (2) 主句中的will表示肯定如此或几乎可以肯定会如此。如果觉得其“肯定”程度达不到使用will的程度，或者如果想表达建议等其他意思，就可以用别的情态助动词来代替will： e.g.我替你将这些信发了好吗？Shall I post these letters for you? 如果你愿意，你可以把它们寄走。You can post them if you want to.
如果明天天气好，我们可以/可能出门去。If it’s fine tomorrow, we can/may go out.(3) 主句还可以用祈使语气等表示请求、建议等：
e.g.明天如果下雨就呆在家里。Stay at home tomorrow if it rains.如果你见到他，请让他给我打电话。Please tell him to ring me if you see him.如果你不能来，请告诉我一声。Please let me know if you can’t come. 10
