主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 表语predicative 定语attributive 状语adverbial adjunct 补足语complement 同位语appositive
英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do ne （完成被动式）
不定式
to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词
doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．
动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。 1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt . 7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the claroom . （ 但是： He was seen to enter the claroom .）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . It’s neceary for you to study hard . It’s foolish of him to do it .
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , carele , polite , poible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important .而说We think it important to obey the laws .5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no place to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post .( 逻辑主语是I ) -------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now
( 逻辑主语不是I ) 7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious .lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read .He is old enough to go to school . 8 .不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult .学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。 I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country . 我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。 注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impoible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that . 3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别， forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …
有意要做某事 mean doing …
意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …
尽力去做某事 try doing
试着做某事 learn to do …
学着去做某事 learn doing …
学会做某事
stop to do …
停下来去做（另一件事） stop doing …
停止做某事 go on to do …
接着做（另外一件事） go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …
过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达
n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。 例如：His coming made us very happy . 4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting .这个房间需要粉刷。 6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , mi , permit .practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分词
1 The story is interesting .I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。 2 .This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 4.Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he paed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。 应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging . They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting . He is interested in he news t.doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。 2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken .You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态） 3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dreed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging .(表语) The situation in our country is encouraging the people .( 现在进行时) My job is looking after the little baby .(动名词) 能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。 例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .
What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dre
如：I seated myself on the chair .I was seated on the chair .6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。 Having finished the homework , I went home .（ 时间） Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因） Given more time ,I can do my work better .
（ 条件 ） He ran out of the claroom ,shouting at the boy.（ 伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder .( 目的 ) He is old enough to join the army .（ 结果） 7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to be discued at the meeting .( 将来) The building being built on the river is the Science Museum .（正在进行） The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions .（ 过去） 9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 ) Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful .（ 正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习
I .单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting
2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .
A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told
3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path . A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead . A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6 .The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 . A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7 .---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .---- Well , now I regret ____________that .
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
8 .The visiting Minister expreed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .
A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9 ._______ a reply , he decided to write again .
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ . A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II .用动词的正确形式填空
1.Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) .He always works hard .
3.The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
4.Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one . 5.How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking
非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.
A.to have had time
B.having time
C.to have time
D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A.admit
B.admitted
C.admitting
D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.
A.to make
B.making
C.to have made
D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A.completed
B.completing
C.being completed
D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A.to see
B.to be seen
C.seeing
D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A.knowing
B.known
C.to know
D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A.seeing
B.having seen
C.to have seen
D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.
A.the thief having caught
B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught
D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a paenger.
A.put
B.to be putting
C.to put
D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.
A.his being not able
B.him not to be able
C.his not being able
D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A.seizing; disappeared
B.seized; disappeared
C.seizing; disappearing
D.seized; disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A.To wait
B.Have waited
C.Having waited
D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.
A.run
B.running
C.being run
D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing
B.being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.
A.to smell
B.smelling
C.smelt
D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it--- you have got some big bills coming.
A.forget
B.forgot
C.forgetting
D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.
A.to tell
B.to be told
C.telling
D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A.pa
B.to pa
C.paed
D.paing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.
A.to lock
B.to have locked
C.locking
D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A.Compare
B.When comparing
C.Comparing
D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his bo for advice.
A.To face
B.Having faced
C.Faced
D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A.caused
B.to have caused
C.to cause
D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A.doctors came to their rescue
B.the tall building collapsed
C.an emergency measure was taken
D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.----- English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
-----Yes, ________ more words and expreions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.
A.Know
B.Knowing
C.To know
D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________ .
A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring
D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is neceary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.
A.To have had
B.Having had
C.Have
D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.
A.going on
B.goes on
C.went on
D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A.to sound
B.to be sounded
C.sounding
D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A.sitting
B.having sat
C.to sit
D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.
A.you treat
B.you to treat
C.why treat
D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A.being robbed
B.having been robbed
C.to have been robbed
D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.
A.To grow
B.Growing
C.Grown
D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A.being completed
B.is completed
C.to be completed
D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.
A.it repaired
B.to be repaired
C.repair
D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.
A.there being
B.there be
C.there would be
D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.
A.share
B.to share
C.sharing
D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.
A.continue
B having continued
C.continuing
D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
A.The girl was educated
B.The girl educated
C.The girl’s educating
D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.
A.Scolding; correcting
B.Being scolded; correct
C.Being scolded; correcting
D.Having been scolded; correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.
A.to smoking
B.to smoke
C.smoking
D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Huein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.
A.caught
B.catching
C.to be caught
D.to catch 42.----- What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?
-----I lost my way in complete darkne and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.
A.making
B.to make
C.having made
D.made 43.------ Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?
------ I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.
A.to have mentioned; were
B.to have; are
C.mentioning; have been
D.to have been mentioned; had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.
A.Given; blame
B.Considered; say
C.To regard; scold
D.Considering; speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.
A.have been found
B.have found
C.to be found
D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.
A.sweeps; killed
B.swept; killing
C.sweeping; to kill
D.sweeping; killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
A.being concerned
B.be concerned
C.concerned
D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A.no to want anyone
B.wanted no one
C.not wanting anyone
D.to want no one 50.A remote- controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.
A.having been injured
B.having injured
C.injuring
D.injured 51.----- What’s matter with Tim?
------ Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.
A.to find
B.to be found
C.finding
D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.
A.not finishing
B.had not been finished
C.not having finished
D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.
A.lacked
B.lacking of
C.lacking
D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.
A.my not allowing
B.having not allowed
C.my being not allowed
D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.
A.to put
B.putting
C.having put
D.being put
Answer: 1-5 BAAAB
6-10 ADCDC
11-15 DCBCB
16-20 ABDBD
21-25CDBAC
26-30 DAADD
31-35CBCDA
36-40 ADDAA
41-45ABBBA
46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA
