富兰克林传及生平
Synopsis
Born in Boston in 1706, Benjamin Franklin organized the United States’ first lending library and volunteer fire department.His scientific pursuits included investigations into electricity, mathematics and mapmaking.He helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the U.S Constitution, and negotiated the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which marked the end of the Revolutionary War.
简介
在1706年，本杰明·富兰克林出生在波士顿举办的美国第一个借阅图书馆和志愿消防队。他对科学的追求转化为电能，数学和制图包括调查。他起草了“独立宣言”和美国宪法，1783年“巴黎条约”，这标志着革命战争的结束谈判。
Early Life
Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in Boston in what was then known as the Maachusetts Bay Colony.His father, Josiah Franklin, a soap and candle maker, had 17 children, seven with first wife, Anne Child, and 10 with second wife Abiah Folger.Benjamin was his 15th child and the last son.
早期的生活
本杰明·富兰克林出生于1706年1月17日，在波士顿，在当时被称为马萨诸塞湾殖民地。他的父亲，乔赛亚·富兰克林，肥皂和蜡烛制造商，有17个孩子，七连的第一任妻子安妮儿童和10与第二任妻子亚比雅福尔杰。本杰明是他的第15个孩子，最后一个儿子。
Despite his succe at the Boston Latin School, Ben was removed at 10 to work with his father at candle making, but dipping wax and cutting wicks didn’t fire his imagination.Perhaps to diuade him from going to sea as one of his brothers had done, Josiah apprenticed Ben at 12 to his brother James at his print shop.Ben took to this like a duck to water, despite his brother’s hard treatment.When James refused to publish any of his brother’s writing, Ben adopted the pseudonym Mrs.Silence Dogood, and “her” 14 imaginative and witty letters were published in his brother’s newspaper, The New England Courant, to the delight of the readership.But James was angry when it was discovered the letters were his brother’s, and Ben abandoned his apprenticeship shortly afterward, escaping to New York, but settling in Philadelphia, which was his home base for the rest of his life.
尽管他的成功在波士顿拉丁学校，奔10去除蜡烛与他的父亲在工作，但浸蜡和切割灯芯没火了他的想象。也许是为了劝阻他出海，他的一个兄弟做了，约西亚学徒奔12其弟詹姆斯在他的打印店。奔了，这就像如鱼得水，尽管他的兄弟的硬盘治疗。当詹姆斯拒绝发布任何他哥哥的写作，奔采用化名沉默Dogood夫人，“她”14想象力和诙谐的信件发表在他哥哥的报纸，新英格兰新闻报，喜悦的读者。但詹姆斯很生气，当它被发现的信件是他弟弟的，和Ben放弃了他的学徒后不久，逃亡到纽约，但定居费城的余生，这是他的大本营。
Franklin furthered his education in the printing trade in Philadelphia, lodging at the home of John Read in 1723, where he met and courted Read’s daughter Deborah.Neverthele, the following year, Franklin left for London under the auspices of Pennsylvania Governor William Keith, but felt duped when letters of introduction never arrived and he was forced to find work at print shops there.Once employed, though, he was able to take full advantage of the city’s pleasures, attending theater, mingling with the populace in coffee houses and continuing his lifelong paion for reading.He also managed to publish his first pamphlet, \"A Diertation upon Liberty
and Neceity, Pleasure and Pain.\"
富兰克林在费城的印刷业，促进了他的教育在约翰家中住宿阅读在1723年，他在那里会见求婚读的女儿黛博拉。然而，次年，富兰克林离开伦敦的主持下，宾夕法尼亚州州长威廉·凯斯，但介绍信时没有到达，他被迫在打印店找工作感到受骗。一经录用，不过，他是能够充分利用城市的乐趣，参加戏剧，交融与咖啡馆的民众，继续他的终身阅读的热情。他还出版了他的第一本小册子，“自由与必然，快乐和痛苦时的论文。”
Franklin returned to Philadelphia in 1726 to find that Deborah Read had married.In the next few years he held varied jobs such as bookkeeper, shopkeeper and currency cutter.He also fathered a son, William, out of wedlock during this time.In late 1727, Franklin formed the “Junto,” a social and self-improvement study group for young men, and early the next year was able to establish his own print shop with a partner.
富兰克林回到费城在1726年发现德博拉读结婚。在未来的几年中，他举行了多样的工作，如记账员，店主和货币刀。在这段时间内，他还生了一个儿子，威廉，非婚生。富兰克林在1727年底，形成了“JUNTO”社会和自我完善的年轻男性的研究组，并早在明年能够与合作伙伴建立自己的印刷车间。
Prominent Citizen
After publishing another pamphlet, \"The Nature and Neceity of a Paper Currency,\" Franklin was able to purchase The Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper from a former bo, and was elected the official printer of Pennsylvania.
突出的公民
出版另一本小册子后，“一纸货币的性质和必要性，”富兰克林是从前任老板能够购买宾夕法尼亚公报报纸，并当选为官方宾
夕法尼亚打印机。
