一、常用句型
一)原因
1.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2.The change in ...largely results from the fact that...3.We may blame ...，but the real causes are...4.Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...二)比较
1.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.2.For all the disadvantages， it has its compensating advantages.3.A and B has several points in common.4.People used to think ...， but things are different now.三)批驳
1．There is a grain of truth in these statements， but they ignore a more important fact.2．Some people say ...， but it does not hold water.3．It makes no sense to argue for ...4．Too much stre placed on ...may lead to ...四)后果
1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is ...3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...4.Its consequence can be so great that...五)举例
1．A good case in point is ...2．Such examples might be given easily.六)证明
1．No one can deny the fact that ...2．Recent studies indicate that ...3．There is sufficient evidence to show that ...七)开篇
1．Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...2．Never in our history has the idea that ...been so popular.3．Faced with ...， quite a few people argue that ...4．According to a recent survey， ...5．With the rapid development of ......八)结尾
1.From what has been discued above， we can draw the conclusion that ...2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...3.With the efforts of all parts concerned， the problem will be solved thoroughly.九)解释原因的
1.to begin with， then， furthermore， finally(强烈推荐) 2.to start with， next， in addition， finally(强烈推荐) 3.first and foremost， besides， last but not least(强烈推荐) 4.most important of all， moreover， finally 5.on the one hand， on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 6.for one thing， for another thing(适用于两点的情况) 十)前后连接词
then， therefore， consequently， accordingly， hence， as a result， for this reason，
so that
二、词汇替换
1.individuals，characters， folks 替换(people ，persons) 2.positive， favorable， rosy (美好的)promising (有希望的)，perfect， pleasurable ， excellent， outstanding， superior 替换 good
3.dreadful， unfavorable， poor， adverse， ill (有害的)替换 bad 。 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be le impreive 替换。 Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games， enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time paively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ，as a result， they find their academic records are le impreive 4.(an army of， an ocean of， a sea of， a multitude of ，a host of， many， if not most)替换 many.
注：用 many， if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。
Eg.Many individuals， if not most， harbor the idea that….同理 用 most， if not all ，替换 most. 5.a slice of， quiet a few ， several 替换 some
6.harbor the idea that， take the attitude that， hold the view that， it is widely shared that， it is universally acknowledged that)替换 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that) 7.affair ，busine ，matter 替换 thing 8.shared 替换 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits )
10.for my part ，from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11.Increasing(ly)，growing 替换 more and more( 注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修 饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly.)
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything， 或 little or nothing 替换 hardly 13.beneficial， rewarding 替换 helpful 14.shopper，client，consumer，purchaser， 替换 customer 15.exceedingly，extremely， intensely 替换 very
16.hardly neceary， hardly inevitable …… 替换 unneceary， avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb， sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb.be interested in 18.capture one’s attention 替换 attract one’s attention. 19.facet，demension，sphere 替换 aspect 20.be indiicative of ，be suggestive of ，be fearful of 替换 indicate， suggest ，fear 21.give rise to， lead to， result in， trigger 替换 cause. 22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换 want.
24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换 remember
26.enjoy， poe 替换 have(注意 proce 是过程的意思) 27.interaction 替换 communication
28.frown on sth 替换 be against ， disagree with sth 29.to name only a few， as an example 替换 for example， for instance 30.next to / virtually impoible替换 nearly / almost impoible 31.believe， claim， maintain， argue， insist， hold the opinion/ belief that替换think
三、常用短语
1.经济的快速发展
the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3.先进的科学技术
advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战
be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为
It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果
the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论
a heated discuion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题
a controversial iue 11.完全不同的观点
a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人…
Some people…while others… 13.就我而言/就个人而言
As far as I am concerned， / Personally， 14.就…达到绝对的一致
reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持
be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点
arguments on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用
play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少
be indispensable to… 19.正如谚语所说
As the proverb goes：
20.…也不例外
…be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响
exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊
the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起
lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象
a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感/成就感
sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.竞争与合作精神
sense of competition and cooperation 27.开阔眼界
widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision 28.学习知识和技能
acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担
financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素
take many factors into account/ consideration 31.从另一个角度
from another perspective 32.做出共同努力
make joint efforts 33.对…有益
be beneficial / conducive to… 34.为社会做贡献
make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础
lay a solid foundation for… 36.综合素质
comprehensive quality 37.无可非议
blamele / beyond reproach 39.致力于/投身于
be committed / devoted to… 40.应当承认
Admittedly， 41.不可推卸的义务
unshakable duty 42.满足需求
satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源
a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progre 50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this iue 52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in fovor of the former/ latter opinion 53.有/提供如下理由/证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way 55.理论和实践相结合
integrate theory with practice 56.…必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57.日益激烈的社会竞争
the increasingly fierce social competition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益 interest in the long run 60.…有其自身的优缺点…has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61.扬长避短
Exploit to the full one's favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62.取其精髓，去其糟粕 Take the eence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to 64.交流思想/情感/信息
exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 65.跟上…的最新发展
keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of… 66.采取有效措施来…
take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of…
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异 Views on…vary from person to person.70.重视
attach great importance to…
71.社会地位
social status 72.把时间和精力放在…上
focus time and energy on… 73.扩大知识面
expand one's scope of knowledge 74.身心两方面
both physically and mentally 75.和…直接/间接相关
be directly / indirectly related to… 76.提出折中提议
set forth a compromise proposal 78.缓解压力/减轻负担 relieve stre/ burden 79.优先考虑…
give (top) priority to sth.80.与…相比
compared with…/ in comparison with 81.相反
on the contrary.82.代替
replace/ substitute / take the place of 83.经不起推敲
cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water 84.提供就业机会
offer job opportunities 85.社会进步的反映
mirror of social progre 86.毫无疑问
Undoubtedly， / There is no doubt that… 87.增进相互了解
enhance/ promote mutual understanding 88.充分利用
make full use of / take advantage of 89.承受更大的工作压力
suffer from heavier work preure 90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣
guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 91.更多地强调
put more emphasis on…
92.适应社会发展
adapt oneself to the development of society
93.实现梦想
realize one's dream/ make one's dream come true 94.主要理由列举如下
The main reasons are listed as follows： 95.首先
First，Firstly，In the first place， To begin with 96.其次
Second，Secondly，In the second place， besides，in addition， additionally， moreover， furthermore 97.最后
Finally， Last but not the least， Lastly，
98.总而言之
All in all， To sum up， In summary， In a word， 99.我们还有很长的路要走
We still have a long way to go.100.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of
四、谚语
1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
4.Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。
5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit， a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。
9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。
10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。 11.More hasty，le speed.欲速则不达。 12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。
14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。
16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
18.well begun，half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。
20.Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。 23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。 24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。
25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
26.live not to eat，but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。 27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。
28.East or west，home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
29.It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。 30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。 31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。 32.The older， the wiser.姜是老的辣。 33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。
34.An idle youth，a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 35.AS the tree，so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
36.To live is to learn，to learn is to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。
五、翻译词组
1.at the thought of一想到…
2.as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论 3.at will 随心所欲
4.(be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有
5.acce(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解 6.by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外 Without accident(=safely) 安全地， 7.of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 8.in accord with 与…一致 .
29.in advance (before in time) 预告， 事先 30.to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地 31.have an advantage over 胜过
have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知道的事 32.take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize,
make use of, profit from, harne)利用 33.agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 34.in agreement (with) 同意， 一致
35.ahead of 在…之前，超过…;ahead of time 提前 36.in the air 1)不肯定， 不具体. 2)在谣传中
37.above all (=especially, most important of all) out of one’s accord with 同…不一致
9.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 尤其是， 最重要的 10.in accordance with (=in agreement with)依照，根据 38.in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether)
总共， 总计 11.on one’s own account
1) 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己
12.take…into account(=consider)把…考虑进去 13.give sb.an account of 说明， 解释 (理由) 14.account for (=give an explanation or reason for)
解释， 说明。 15.on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。 16.on no account(=in no case, for no reason) 绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
39.after all 毕竟，到底; (not) at all 一点也不;
all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次
above all 最重要的; first of all 首先;
all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎 40.allow for (=take into consideration,
take into account) 考虑到， 估计到 41.amount to (=to be equal to) 总计， 等于。 42.answer for (undertake responsibility for,
be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责。 43.answer to (=conform to) 适合，符合。
17.accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb.for sth.; 44.be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for
45.apologize to sb.for sth.为…向…道歉 blame sth.on sb.; complain about) 指控，控告 18.be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。46.appeal to sb.for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁.19.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解;
appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力 (=to have met socially) 熟悉
20.act on 奉行，按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
47.apply to sb.for sth.为…向…申请;
apply for申请; apply to 适用。 48.apply to 与…有关;适用
21.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 49.approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, 22.adapt…(for) (=make sth.Suitable for a new need)
consider good, right) 赞成， approve vt.批准 改编， 改写(以适应新的需要) 23.in addition (=besides) 此外， 又， 加之
50.arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起。 51.arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.安排…做…
24.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 52.arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);
得出，作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 25.adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with,
cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 53.be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow
粘附; 坚持， 遵循
26.adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的， 临近的 27.adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 28.admit of (=be capable of, leave room for)
…的可能，留有…的余地。
because of sth.done) 以…为羞耻
54.aure sb.of sth.(=try to cause to believe or
trust in sth.) 向…保证， 使…确信。 55.attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚， 系 ,结
56.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.) 试图做… 57.attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)
注意，照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候，照料
80.on board 到船上， 在船上， 上火车或飞机 81.boast of (or about) 吹嘘
82.out of breath 喘不过气来
83.in brief(=in as few words as poible)简言之
58.attitude to/ toward …对…的态度。看法 84.in bulk 成批地，不散装的 59.attribute…to…(=to believe sth.to be the result of…) 85.take the floor 起立发言 把…归因于.., 认为.。是.。的结果
60.on the average (=on average, on an average)平均 61.(be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge 86.on busine 出差办事。 87.be busy with sth。于某事。
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 or consciousne)意识到，知道。 62.at the back of (=behind) 在…后面
63.in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of在…后部 (外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起。 64.at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)
支持，维护; have sb.at one’s back 有…支持， 65.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb.In an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃，抛弃 66.behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 67.be based on / upon 基于
68.on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 69.beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
70.begin with 以…开始.to begin with (=first of all) 首先， 第一(经常用于开始语) 71.on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义 72.believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./ sb.to be true) 相信，依赖，信仰。 73.benefit (from) 受益，得到好处。 74.for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 75.for the better 好转
76.get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败， 胜过。 77.by birth 在出生上，论出身，按血统
at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 78.blame sb.for sth.因…责备某人 .
blame sth.on sb.把…推在某人身上
79.in bloom开花(指树木) be in bloom开花
(强调状态) come into bloom开花(强调动作)
88.last but one 倒数第二。
89.but for (=without) 要不是.表示假设 90.buy sth.for…money 用多少钱买
91.be capable of 能够， 有能力
be capable of being +过去分词：是能够被…的
92.in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何
93.in case (=for fear that) 万一;
94.in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一
in the case of 至于…, 就…而言
95.in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 96.be cautious of 谨防
97.center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
98.be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握， 一定。 99.for certain of (=for sure )肯定地，有把握地 100.by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然
