医学部编辑笔试考题
一.英译中（四选一）
1． More than 35 million people worldwide — 5.5 million in the United States — have Alzheimer\'s disease, a deterioration of memory and other cognitive domains that leads to death within 3 to 9 years after diagnosis.Alzheimer\'s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 50 to 56% of cases at autopsy and in clinical series.Alzheimer\'s disease combined with intracerebral vascular disease accounts for another 13 to 17% of cases.The principal risk factor for Alzheimer\'s disease is age.The incidence of the disease doubles every 5 years after 65 years of age, with the diagnosis of 1275 new cases per year per 100,000 persons older than 65 years of age.Data on centenarians show that Alzheimer\'s disease is not necearily the outcome of aging; neverthele, the odds of receiving the diagnosis of Alzheimer\'s disease after 85 years of age exceed one in three.As the aging population increases, the prevalence will approach 13.2 to 16.0 million cases in the United States by mid-century.
2． Deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in soft tiues is common in
hyperphosphatemia and animal models of decreased urinary phosphate excretion and is a universal feature of hyperphosphatemia with a normal or increased serum calcium concentration.A direct role of hyperphosphatemia in calcification has been questioned, because hyperphosphatemia and high plasma calcitriol concentrations frequently coincide.To addre this question, Stubbs et al.fed mice with hyperphosphatemia a phosphate-deficient diet.The return of the serum phosphate concentration to a normal level prevented vascular calcifications and an increased rate of death among the animals, substantiating the view that hyperphosphatemia itself is toxic.3． Economists have methods of charting the relative benefits of any new therapy by comparing both its costs and its efficacy with those of existing treatments — by means of the so-called cost-effectivene plane.Such an approach could be modified to ae the cost-effectivene of previously established chemotherapy regimens — for example, for breast cancer, the combination of oral cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus single-agent
intravenous doxorubicin or paclitaxel; or for Burkitt\'s lymphoma, single-agent cyclophosphamide versus complex combination therapy.Preference could be given to the agents on the WHO\'s list of 17 “eential drugs for cancer therapy,” most of which have generic equivalents that offer the poibility of le
expensive treatment.Plots of efficacy versus cost could be used in various ways to define acceptable benefits for optimal resource use.
4． In observational studies, the relationship between blood preure and end-stage
renal disease (ESRD) is direct and progreive.The burden of
hypertension-related chronic kidney disease and ESRD is especially high among black patients.Yet few trials have tested whether intensive blood-preure
control retards the progreion of chronic kidney disease among black patients.We randomly aigned 1094 black patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease to receive either intensive or standard blood-preure control.After completing the trial phase, patients were invited to enroll in a cohort phase in which the blood-preure target was le than 130/80 mm Hg.The primary clinical outcome in the cohort phase was the progreion of chronic kidney disease, which was defined as a doubling of the serum creatinine level, a
diagnosis of ESRD, or death.Follow-up ranged from 8.8 to 12.2 years.
在以上四篇文章选出一篇翻译，译文请写在下面空白处：
第一篇
全世界有超过3500万的人，其中美国有550万，都患有阿尔茨海默病，它是一种使人记忆退化并且在其他的认知领域认为确诊后，它会在3到9年之后导致死亡。阿尔茨海默病是老年痴呆症最常见的一种类型，在解剖和临床系列的痴呆症案例中占50%到56%。阿尔茨海默症合并颅内血管疾病在案例中又占13%到17%。年龄是导致阿尔茨海默病的最主要因素，这种疾病的发病率在65岁之后每5年会翻一倍，在每年的100，000的新患者中有1275人的年龄大于65。也有数据表明，导致阿尔茨海默病的原因不一定是年龄的老化；然而，在85岁以后的老人中有三分之一的人都患有阿尔茨海默病。随着人口老龄化的发展,在本世纪中期美国的阿尔茨海默病患者会接近1320万到1600万人数。
二．名词翻译
1.英译中
atherosclerosis:动脉硬化症
Cholesterol： 胆固醇
isolated systolic hypertension：单纯收缩期高血压
hepatic carcinoma: 肝癌
nervous system:神经系统
leukodystrophy： 蛋白质营养不良
hemodynamics：血液动力学
orthopedics： 矫形术
maculopathy：黄斑病
genomics：基因组学
2．中译英
原发性高血压 :primary hypertension
糖尿病:diabetes
感染性疾病 :infectious disease
心率 : heart rate
卒中 : apoplexia
血脂:blood-fat
肿瘤学：oncology
姑息疗法：alleviative treatment
临床试验：clinicaltrial
安慰剂：placebo
三.作文
从下面的作文题目中任选一个，写在空白处，文体不限（诗歌除外），字数不限。
1.****读后感（观后感）
2．从身边小事说起
四.根据文献做PPT
要求：将研究设计，研究目的，主要研究结果和研究结论以PPT的形式陈述，思路清晰，观点明确，画面美观。
三、作文
从身边小事说起
明媚的阳光照耀着大地，将我的课桌洒满了阳光的味道，微风把我手中的书本肆意的翻动着，我并没有及时整理书本，而是望着春意盎然的窗外：人生是什么？脑袋被这个疑问所填满。
一直傻傻地相信所有的付出都会有收获，所有的坚持都会成真，一直在虔诚地守护着那来自灵魂的信仰，那关于文学、关于未来的梦。而现在，现实成了生活中最大的套子，任何梦想，任何信仰在现实面前都显得苍白无力，都会因此而畸形。还该坚持么？是不是该放弃了？世间万物，瞬息万变。“面朝大海，春暖花开”般的致远，也变得苍白、可笑，它褪去的不仅仅是我们对于生活的仰望和追求吧„„
但是，希望的翅膀断了，但梦想的心还要飞翔。我知道所有的成长都得经历过疼痛，我又开始了我的坚持，还是那么地虔诚地守护着那些关于梦的信仰，不会放弃。我抬起头，天空很蓝，是那种纯净的蓝；日光很强烈，仰起头来便让人不住地流泪。
也许人生是一本厚厚的书。书里的每个故事都真实感人，是我们发自内心深处的呐喊，在书中，又蕴涵着深刻的人生观，价值观，生命观。怎样去对待人生，怎样去衡量得失，怎样面对生活。很喜欢电影功夫熊猫里的一句话：Yesterday is history;tomorrow is mystery;today is a gift.That’s why it’s called the present.所以，此时此刻我只想由衷的说一句：生活其实很美。
