An abstract is a condensed version of the manuscript, which highlights the major points covered, concisely describes its content and scope, and reviews its material in abbreviated form.摘要是手稿，突出了所涉及的主要事项、简明地介绍其内容和范围，并审查其材料的缩写形式的精简的版本。It is usually the first section read and sets the tone of the paper for the reviewer.它通常是读的第一节，并为审阅者设置纸张的口气。 It must be concise and easy to read and must cover the important points of the paper.它必须简洁和易读的并且必须覆盖该文件的重要点。 Many publications have a require style for abstracts; 许多出版物有需要样式为文摘 the \"Guideline for authors” provided by the publisher will provide specific instruction.由发布者提供的\"为作者指引\"将提供特定的指令。 Stay within the publisher\'s guidelines, or your manuscript might be rejected.在发布服务器上的准则范围内逗留或可能会拒绝你的手稿。 Writing an abstract involves summarizing a whole manuscript and providing as much new information as poible.编写一个摘要涉及总结整个手稿和提供尽可能多的新信息 The best way to write an effective abstract is to start with a draft of the complete manuscript and follow these 10 steps: 编写有效的摘要的最好方式是开始与一份完整手稿的草案，10 的步骤如下：
1.Identify the major objectives and conclusions.确定的主要目标和结论。
2.Identify phrases with keywords in the methods section.与方法一节中的关键字识别短语。
3.Identify the major results from the discuion or results section.识别从讨论或结果一节的
主要结果。
4.Aemble the above information into a single paragraph.装配成单个段落的上述信息。
5.State your hypothesis or method used in the first sentence.说明您的假说或在第一句中使用
的方法。
6.Omit background information, literature review, and detailed description of methods.忽略的
背景信息、文献综述和方法的详细的说明
7.Remove extra words and phrases.删除额外的单词和短语。
8.Revise the paragraph so that the abstract conveys only the eential information.修订这一
段，使摘要传达只有基本的信息。
9.Check to see if it meets the guidelines of the targeted journal.检查以查看它是否满足目标
杂志的指导方针。
10.Give the abstract to a colleague (preferably one who is not familiar with your work )and ask
him /her whether it makes sense.摘要给一位同事 （最好是一个人并不熟悉你的工作），问问他 / 她是否它有意义。
Writing an effective abstract will improve the chances of your manuscript being accepted, encourage people to read it, and increase its impact.编写有效的摘要将提高您的论文被接受的机会，鼓励人们去读它，并扩大其影响。
A number of studies have indicated that a badly written manuscript with poor use of English, ever with good science, has le chance of being accepted and published.许多研究已表示严重手稿与穷人使用英语，过具有良好的科学，有较少的机会，接受和发布。
