一、重庆地理地貌
Long known as the Mountain City,Chongqing is distinguished from other cities by the prominetn feature that it is a city in three dimensions.This central skyline from Chaotioanmen in the east runs west along Piba
Mountain,Eling Peaak,Fotuguan Pa, Hutouyan moutain,now rising,now falling,now disappearing ,now emerging.The city,cricroseed with
gullies,is surrounded by moutains on three sides:The average elevation of the city is 400 metres above sea level.
With many rivers cricroing the land,Chongqing is rich in water resources.From west to east 600 kilometres of the Yangtze are in Chongqing,about one fifth of the river’s navigable section of 3194
kilometers.Among the nine major tributaries of the Yangtz,the Jialing and Wujinag rivers in the city run ,ice-free even in winter.In the city there are over 160 rivers,each with a drainage area of 3000 square kilomters each.As the area is mainly limestone in namture with prominent karst topographic characteristics,there are numerous limestone caves,gorges and canyons,hot springs and mountain paes.
The annual average temperature in Chongqing is 18 degrees.The
temperature is the lowest in January,the monthly temperature averaging 6-8 degree.The temperature in july and August is the highest,averaging 27-38 degree.The total annual rainfall is more than 1000 milliliters.As it often rains at night,there have been quite a number of poems about rain at
night in moutanins of the Ba area since ancient times.Rainfall in spring makes up 70% of the annual total a month,and 62% of the spring rain fall at night.Chongqing is the city with the least sunshine time in
China,averaging 1259.5 hours for the year,whereas it is 2087 hours in Ningbo,a city on the same latitude,and 3005 hours in Lhasa,thesunshine city”on the same latitude.The longest monthly sunshine time in Chongqing is 230 hours,and shortest is 4.7 hours,which occurred in January 1944.Because of the short sunshine time,there is the old saying “Dogs of Shu bark at the sun.”
Wind-force in Chongqing is usually low.The annual average wind speed is 1.1 meters per second,and rate of still wind is 36.6%.In summer,there are often thunderstoms with strong wind,and the speed of such wind can be more than 10 meters per socond,the extreme highest being 27 metres per second.Fog is another prominent feature of Chongqing.There are 68.3 foggy days in a year on the average,and ,therefore,the city is also known as” foggy Chongqing”.In 1995,there were 205 foggy days in the year.Most foggy days occur in winter.In January 1953 there were as many as 22 foggy days.
Climatic features of Chongqing can be summarized like this:Spring comes early,but the temperature is changeable,summer is very hot and often dry,autumn is cool but often wet,and winter is mild,foggy and without snow.
