地震英语演讲稿（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：英语演讲稿 地震

Since we enter the 21st century,the spirit of cooperation has become more and more important.Win-win is a popular word.In this way, one plus one is actually bigger than rather than just equal to two.

In this highly developed society,the progre of science and technology is the result of cooperation.The Human Genome project is a good example.More than 1000 top scientists from different countries have participated in the great project.Every scientist may be a \'one\',but one plus one, the final result is much greater than \'two\'.

The theme of our society is not competition, but cooperation.Every stage of practice shows that people with spirit of cooperation or team work will win succe much more easily than those without the spirit, and a country or region will develop faster and better if cooperating with the outside world instead of self-enclosed.We can benefit from each oher if we create value together.We must correctly handle the relationship between cooperation and competition, and learn to cooperate with other.We need to make one and one bigger than two.

The terrible disaster caused more then 40075 inhabitants deaths and countle injured up to18:00 May 20th.The 8-day search-and- rescue efforts have put more strain on people\'s nerves.Many Chinese spent the agonizing week following news on TV, on net, or glancing over newspapers and on public transport during rush hours.Even strangers exchanged information on the updated death toll and the latest outcome of rescue miions; cheered for every survival narrowly escaping hell; mourned each new death; and prayed for the strong lives still trapped in the debris.But hope is dimming as time is running out.So many people lost their lives in a flash, so many happy family become destitute and homele far and near, so many buildings collapsed without any hesitate, the earth cracked, and even worse, it rained while others try to rescue them…I can not image how sad a child will be that she or he turn out to be orphan after this earthquake.Or the old lost all her offspring in this earthquake.people begin to wonder what they can do to help those who are still suffering.

What else can I do? has been the question on everyone\'s mind since the deadly quake hit Sichuan province.

After all, only a few warm-hearted volunteers could acce the front lines of combating disaster considering the complicated conditions and fear of potential calamity.people can be seen everywhere lining up to make donations.In many cities, blood banks have been reported up to saturation; and volunteers wishing to donate blood have to register and wait for to be notified.More and more people are eager to be involved in the rescue and relief work that they are becoming unsatisfied with the disaster-relief efforts made outside of the quake-ravaged areas; and volunteers are descending upon the worst-hit areas in growing numbers.

It is pity that there are a lot of disasters in this Olympic year.This year, we, Chinese people, really have suffered a lot.however, we have not been defeated, instead, we\'ve become more united and show great resolution to overcome all kinds of challenges to make our country more thriving and prosperous.

When people shout slogans Cheer up, China!, Cheer up, Wenchuan! after a three-minute silent tribute to quake victims, at the Tian\'anmen Square in central Beijing,I know that the nightmare of the 8 days gone by will fade from the collective Chinese mind with time;and I could see the Chinese longings to rebuild a better future with dauntle perseverance and national esprit de corps !

推荐第2篇：四川地震英语演讲稿

What else can I do?

The terrible disaster caused more then 40075 inhabitants deaths and countle injured up to18:00 May 20th.The 8-day search-and- rescue efforts have put more strain on peoples nerves.Many Chinese spent the agonizing week following news on TV, on net, or glancing over newspapers and on public transport during rush hours.Even strangers exchanged information on the updated death toll and the latest outcome of rescue miions; cheered for every survival narrowly escaping hell; mourned each new death; and prayed for the strong lives still trapped in the debris.But hope is dimming as time is running out.So many people lost their lives in a flash, so many happy family become destitute and homele far and near, so many buildings collapsed without any hesitate, the earth cracked, and even worse, it rained while others try to rescue them…I can not image how sad a child will be that she or he turn out to be orphan after this earthquake.Or the old lost all her offspring in this earthquake.people begin to wonder what they can do to help those who are still suffering.

What else can I do? has been the question on everyones mind since the deadly quake hit Sichuan province.

After all, only a few warm-hearted volunteers could acce the front lines of combating disaster considering the complicated conditions and fear of potential calamity.people can be seen everywhere lining up to make donations.In many cities, blood banks have been reported up to saturation; and volunteers wishing to donate blood have to register and wait for to be notified.More and more people are eager to be involved in the rescue and relief work that they are becoming unsatisfied with the disaster-relief efforts made outside of the quake-ravaged areas; and volunteers are descending upon the worst-hit areas in growing numbers.

It is pity that there are a lot of disasters in this Olympic year.This year, we, Chinese people, really have suffered a lot.however, we have not been defeated, instead, weve become more united and show great resolution to overcome all kinds of challenges to make our country more thriving and prosperous.

When people shout slogans Cheer up, China!, Cheer up, Wenchuan! after a three-minute silent tribute to quake victims, at the Tiananmen Square in central Beijing,I know that the nightmare of the 8 days gone by will fade from the collective Chinese mind with time;and I could see the Chinese longings to rebuild a better future with dauntle perseverance and national esprit de corps !

推荐第3篇：青海玉树地震英语演讲稿

Earthquake was in jiegu town,the capital of yushu prefecture

Death toll still rise,over 1500 people died,over10000 people left homele.approximately 90 percent building collaspe,because its mud-and-wood structure, epicentre is yushu prefecture,it is 300 kilometer far from xining,the captial of qinghai province.

Let us pay tribution to victim,and salution to survivor.

micheal jarkson s song,we are the world for people who was survived in the earthquake,be strong,whole world is viewing on .......

推荐第4篇：地震演讲稿

地震演讲稿范文3篇

4月14日7时49分，我国青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县(北纬33.1度，东经96.7度)发生7.1级地震，震源深度33公里。截止15日

16时，地震已造成760人死亡，11400余人受伤，1.5万户民房倒塌，有10万户灾民需要转移安置。这场地震给灾区的群众造成了巨大的创伤和痛苦，灾害突如其来，震撼着每个人的心灵，中国人民在经历了今年的西南旱灾之后，面临又一场严峻的考验！

中华民族素有扶危济困、行善积德的传统美德。玉树灾区人民的痛苦和面临的巨大困难，深深牵动着我们的心。看着受灾现场的残垣断壁，看着被埋生命在废墟中挣扎，看着数10万灾区人民缺衣少药，我们心中都涌起无限悲情。

天灾无情人有情。为做好青海玉树抗震救灾工作，学校已经组织我们捐款捐物。在此，我也希望大家伸出援助之手，通过各种渠道和方式，踊跃捐款捐物，用我们的实际行动帮助灾区群众渡过难关，早日赢得抗震救灾的胜利！一衣一物皆心意，一元一分总关情。

“伸出双手，奉献爱心”，以捐款方式为灾区困难群众提供关怀和援助，为灾区重建贡献我们的力量。您所捐助的每一分钱都饱含着无价的爱心，都将化成一缕缕阳光，汇成一条爱的河流，给灾难中的人们以无限的力量！ 4月14日7时49分，青海省玉树地区发生了“7.1”级地震及多次余震，地震灾害给玉树灾区人民生命财产带来了巨大的损失，xxx立即作出了重要指示，党中央、国务院迅速调集力量支援救灾，人民军队火速奔赴抗震救灾第一线，灾区人民也立即开展了抗震自救。灾区地处高原，交通不便，条件十分艰苦，灾区人民还要与零下数度的严寒作斗争。经历过两年前“5.12” 汶川大地震和此后的抗震救灾、灾后重建的xx职工感同身受。我们中华民族历来就有团结互助的精神，“一方有难八方支援”。今天，玉树灾区人民需要我们的援助，也是我们美丰人伸出援手、捐出力量，以感恩之心回报祖国、回报人民的时候！为此，我们倡议：节省我们每一分钱，为玉树地震灾区人民捐献，奉献上我们的一份爱心。 干部职工和家属们，立即行动吧！

汶川地震一个月：地震英摸报告会演讲稿

昨天晚上，收看了央视英模报告会。张泉灵的报告平实中积聚力量，真情流露中彰显令人震撼的敬业精神。

汶川地震英摸报告会的一篇演讲稿

中央电视台记者 张泉灵

各位领导、同志们：我是中央电视台记者张泉灵。5月12号，在珠峰呆了一个月之后我回到了拉萨，还沉浸在奥运火炬珠峰传递报道成功的喜悦中，大地震发生了。北京、台湾、日本都有震感！我的第一反应是：唐山大地震影响到了14个省，这可能是比32年前更大的一次灾难，而前方灾情不明！情况不明的时候是最需要记者的时候！我得去现场！我知道高原下撤以后的第一原则是休息，我也很想家，想不满两岁的儿子。但是这时候到一线去，不是我个人的选择而是一种职业的天性。

经批准，5月13号，我挤上了震后拉萨飞往成都的第一班飞机。

帮助外面的人搞清灾区的情况是这个时候记者的第一责任。太多太多灾区的情况，抢险救灾的人要知道，受灾的群众要知道，党中央要知道。我觉得自己肩上的担子从未有过的沉重。到达四川的当天下午，我们报道组立即动身前往受灾最严重的北川。

交通断了，通讯断了，余震不断。尽管做了心理准备，灾难还是击碎了我的想象。要快，要让外面尽快了解灾区的情况。强迫自己冷静下来，雨中发回了我在灾区的第一条报道。

推荐第5篇：地震演讲稿

“5·12”，像一块突如其来的黑纱，系在我们每个人的左臂，地震演讲稿。如果说灾情即是最大的政治，那么我们以“第一时间”的反应表达政治的良知。总书记第一时间作出指示，共和国总理第一时间赶赴灾区，解放军和中央多个部委第一时间发起响应与联动，国外政要第一时间表示慰问与哀悼。

与此同时，权威的信息第一时间穿透灾难的屏障，以跑在谣言前面的方式抵达公众。而且就在灾难发生的次日，北京奥组委负责人表示，要把奥运火炬传递和抗震救灾结合起来。奥运火炬将本着安全第一的原则，缩减规模，简化程序，注重简朴，讲求实效。在火炬传递开始前，全体参与者将默哀一分钟，向在地震灾害中遇难的同胞表示哀悼。在火炬传递的起点、终点和沿途设立募捐箱，悬挂抗震救灾标语，把广大人民群众参与奥运圣火传递的热情与抗震救灾的实际行动紧密结合起来。

摒弃那些政绩、形象与名声的负累之虑，为所有亡灵腾出一方静穆的祭堂，为现实的苦难留出一方净地，更为一切公共与政治找到它最人性的初衷与最本质的立场。悠悠万事，惟“灾”为大。那些永远静默于废墟下的生命，足以让我们低首致哀；那些仍在等待救援的同胞，足以让我们此心如焚。大灾岂敢漠视，人事岂能怠慢，惟有在危局之中保持果断，灾难面前传递坚定，始能焕发举国同心的能力与勇气。

灾情是最大的政治，而积极投入救灾就是最好的爱国表达。在那些被掩埋与被隔绝之地，依然隐藏着我们所有人的祈求与祝福。我们哀悼死者，更祈望生还者的名录上能够尽量多地增加一些鲜活的姓名。各级政府与部队在紧急行动，民间组织和国际社会在迅速响应。“早一秒钟就可能救活一个人”，“只要有一线希望，我们就尽百倍努力”，“不惜采取任何手段，不惜任何代价”，总理所言即为灾难之下的国家表达，国民诉求，更是对所有爱国者的动员令。

奥运之年，圣火经行之处点燃蓬勃爱国热情。然而灾难来了，它以另外一种方式激发我们的爱国热情。那些排队捐赠的市民，那些挽起衣袖献出热血的大学生，那些赶赴灾区的志愿者，包括所有那些时刻关注灾情、为灾区祈福的人们，都在以力所能及的方式书写最有力的爱国大字，演讲稿《地震演讲稿》。 这是大灾难后的大救援，因此也必将是大悲痛后的大团结。

天佑中华，天佑灾区。从来大难兴邦，手足同胞之情将我们系于一脉。汶川“5·12”大地震，更是一条迎风飘扬的黄丝带，高悬中国。这条上书SOS的黄丝带，是亲人离散后的求助标志。那些身在震区的每一个人，都是我们所要竭力寻找的离散于灾难、血浓于水的亲人。

当悲伤倾尽，有我们众志成城；当泪尽血续，有我们守望相助。若此，则天变仍不足畏，人言仍不足恤，我们仍将因此获得文明与前行之力。

抗震救灾的演讲稿：牵手

一场罕见的大地震，降临到四川汶川。仅仅在一段有限的时光，房屋便被摔倒，摔倒，摔倒。

多少人在这场灾难中失去了生命，失去了亲人，失去了一个个阳光明媚的日子？

所有，所有同胞的眼睛都在关注着灾区，用行动奉献着自己的一份爱心。连同一些国外的友人，都伸出了援助的手。

一队队军人，一架架飞机，一支又一支急救医疗队奔赴灾区。

在被灾难的阴霾笼罩的土地上，每一分每一秒都在回荡着一组组爱的交响诗！

用我们，用我们的爱心和行动，谱写我们众志成城的一个个日子。

阳光会灿烂，月亮会微笑，孩子的眼睛会被水灵灵的希望擦亮。

我们手牵手，手牵手用一种不屈的精神一起去迎接美好的明天！

我们手牵手，手牵手用一种伟岸的气魄一起去迎接美好的明天！

推荐第6篇：地震演讲稿

地震演讲稿4篇

since we enter the 21st century,the spirit of cooperation has bee more and more important.win-win is a popular word.in this way, one plus one is actually bigger than rather than just equal to two.

in this highly developed society,the progre of science and technology is the result of cooperation.the human genome project is a good example.more than 1000 top scientists from different countries have participated in the great project.every scientist may be a \'one\',but one plus one, the final result is much greater than \'two\'.

the theme of our society is not petition, but cooperation.every stage of practice shows that people with spirit of cooperation or team work will win succe much more easily than those without the spirit, and a country or region will develop faster and better if cooperating with the outside world instead of self-enclosed.we can benefit from each oher if we create value together.we must correctly handle the relationship between cooperation and petition, and learn to cooperate with other.we need to make one and one bigger than two.

the terrible disaster caused more then 40075 inhabitants deaths and countle injured up to18:00 may 20th.the 8-day search-and- rescue efforts have put more strain on people\'s nerves.many chinese spent the agonizing week following news on tv, on , or glancing over newspapers and on public transport during rush hours.even strangers exchanged information on the updated death toll and the latest oute of rescue miions; cheered for every survival narrowly escaping hell; mourned each new death; and prayed for the strong lives still trapped in the debris.but hope is dimming as time is running out.so many people lost their lives in a flash, so many happy family bee destitute and homele far and near, so many buildings collapsed without any hesitate, the earth cracked, and even worse, it rained while others try to rescue them…i can not image how sad a child will be that she or he turn out to be orphan after this earthquake.or the old lost all her offspring in this earthquake.people begin to wonder what they can do to help those who are still suffering.

what else can i do? has been the question on everyone\'s mind since the deadly quake hit sichuan province.

after all, only a few warm-hearted volunteers could acce the front lines of bating disaster considering the plicated conditions and fear of potential calamity.people can be seen everywhere lining up to make donations.in many cities, blood banks have been reported up to saturation; and volunteers wishing to donate blood have to register and wait for to be notified.more and more people are eager to be involved in the rescue and relief work that they are being unsatisfied

with the disaster-relief efforts made outside of the quake-ravaged areas; and volunteers are descending upon the worst-hit areas in growing numbers.

四川大地震演讲稿

抗震救灾演讲稿：众志成城 抗震救灾 爱心铸就奥运辉煌是一篇关于抗震救灾 抗震救灾演讲稿 的文章.

我们忘不了这样的一张图片：一位中学生被压在水泥堆下，手腕上牵着根输液管，脸庞尚留血渍；我们忘不了，66岁的温家宝总理不慎摔倒，手臂受伤出血，但为了抢救遇险群众，他把要给他包扎的医务人员推开了。

“9个小时救出两母女。”震撼来自于一位记者在灾区的所见所闻，来自于他亲眼目睹的惨状，和在灾难面前永不泯灭的爱心和民族脊梁。9个小时，两条鲜活的生命，所有的人伸出手臂，迎接复活的母女！上天啊，当你降灾难于人间，可曾被这一幕打动！

“你们让我再去救一个，求求你们让我再去救一个！我还能再救一个！”一个刚从废墟中带出了一个孩子的战士跪了下来大哭，对拖着他的人说。所有人都哭了，然而所有人都无计可施，只能眼睁睁地看着废墟 must correctly handle the relationship between cooperation and petition, and learn to cooperate with other.we need to make one and one bigger than two.

the terrible disaster caused more then 40075 inhabitants deaths and countle injured up to18:00 may 20th.the 8-day search-and- rescue efforts have put more strain on people\'s nerves.many chinese spent the agonizing week following news on tv, on , or glancing over newspapers and on public transport during rush hours.even strangers exchanged information on the updated death toll and the latest oute of rescue miions; cheered for every survival narrowly escaping hell; mourned each new death; and prayed for the strong lives still trapped in the debris.but hope is dimming as time is running out.so many people lost their lives in a flash, so many happy family bee destitute and homele far and near, so many buildings collapsed without any hesitate, the earth cracked, and even worse, it rained while others try to rescue them…i can not image how sad a child will be that she or he turn out to be orphan after this earthquake.or the old lost all her offspring in this earthquake.people begin to wonder what they can do to help those who are still suffering.

what else can i do? has been the question on everyone\'s mind since the deadly quake hit sichuan province.

after all, only a few warm-hearted volunteers could acce the front lines of bating disaster considering the plicated conditions and fear of potential calamity.people can be seen everywhere lining up to make donations.in many cities, blood banks have been reported up to saturation; and volunteers wishing to donate blood have to register and wait for to be notified.more and more people are eager to be involved in the rescue and relief work that they are being unsatisfied with the disaster-relief efforts made outside of the quake-ravaged areas; and volunteers are descending upon the worst-hit areas in growing numbers.

it is pity that there are a lot of disasters in this olympic year.this year, we, chinese people, really have suffered a lot.however, we have not been defeated, instead, we\'ve bee more united and show great resolution to overe all kinds of challenges to make our country more thriving and prosperous.

when people shout slogans cheer up, china!, cheer up, wenchuan! after a three-minute silent tribute to quake victims, at the tian\'anmen square in central beijing,i know that the nightmare of the 8 days gone by will fade from the collective chinese mind with time;and i could see the chinese longings to rebuild a better future with dauntle perseverance and national esprit de corps ! 地震袭来，我们共同面对-抗震救灾讲话稿

XX年五月十二日四川汶川发生7.8级大地震，举世震惊。

震后怎么办？

然而想要把地震灾害造成的损失降至最低，最终战胜灾害，取决于我们有没有成熟的应对智慧和能力。此次大地震，在以下几个方面对我们是一次重大考验。

其一，考验我们应对的理念和决心。

地震刚刚发生，胡锦涛总书记迅速指示“尽快抢救伤员，确保灾区人民生命安全”。国务院总理

温家宝立即赶赴灾区指导救灾工作。中共中央政治局常委会连夜召开会议，强调“灾情就是命令，时间就是生命”，全面部署当前抗震救灾工作。这可以看作是中央向全国发出的紧急“动员令”，彰显的是人民利益高于一切的施政理念，彰显的是应对地震灾害的科学态度，彰显的是“万众一心、众志成城，迎难而上、百折不挠，共同夺取抗震救灾斗争的胜利”的信心和决心。

其二，考验我们应急的机制与措施。

地震刚刚发生，从中央到地方，从干部到群众，都在 息公开与透明，使谣言没有机会产生和传播，使各方民众心态平和镇定自若。这种公开与透明，是对民众知情权的保障，对《政府信息公开条例》的检验，更将是重大突发事件信息实现即时传播的发端。

〖第一..整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有。〗

其四，考验我们民族的精神与力量。

一方有难，八方支援。在这一场灾害面前，全国各族人民，海内外中华儿女，都把关切的目光投向灾区，都把感同身受的心情传递给灾区人民。人们密切关注灾区最新讯息，希望能为灾区人民做些什么。广大网友发表海量跟帖留言，以饱含深情的文字，为灾区人民打气鼓劲祈福平安。许多民间慈善机构发出捐款捐物倡议，各种赈灾行动迅速推开。这些都充分表明，从中央到地方，从干部群众到部队官兵，以至每一位中华儿女，心往一处想，劲往一处使，凝聚起了最沉雄磅礴的力量，和灾区人民一道，共同面对地震灾害，共同战胜地震灾害。灾难面前，我们变得更加团结、更加凝聚、更加从容、更加自信，这种精神与力量，是中华民族不可战胜的宝贵财富。

地震袭来，我们共同面对。多难兴邦，历经各种重大自然灾害考验的中国政府和人民，一定能够战胜这场重大地震灾害，续写抗震救灾史上的壮歌。

推荐第7篇：地震演讲稿

地震演讲稿

北京时间2013年4月20日8时02分，四川雅安市芦山县发生7.0级地震，这一突如

其来的灾难给当地人民造成了巨大的创伤和痛苦。党中央高度重视，习近平、李克强分别作出重要指示，国家有关部委和人民解放军快速响应，立即赶赴灾区实施救援。

据有关部门统计，截至4月22日早6：00时，芦山地震已致人死亡，人失踪，11227人受伤。

一方有难，八方支援。众志成城，抗震救灾。”从报道中看到的相关新闻,带给我们的不仅仅是心酸、伤感,更多的是感动。感动我们在大危大难相互扶持的坚定,感动我们在危难面前齐心协力的魄力,感动我们一方有难、八方支援的真情。这种感动的背后，我们更深地感受到我们这个民族面对灾难时坚韧不屈的意志。在这如此恐怖的灾难面前，我们的中国子民没有退缩，我们一起手挽手去挑战地震----这个张牙舞爪的恶魔。

地震无情，人间有爱！灾难必将过去，生活还在继续。没有经历这场劫难的我们是幸运的，同时我们更要反思，我们该以怎样的态度来面对我们的生活。当我们太多的抱怨生活的不如意，当我们太多的感受到工作学习的艰苦，当我们浪费太多的时间去追求眼前的欢乐，我们可曾想到，生命是多么的宝贵，能够实实在在的工作学习又是何等的幸福！珍惜生命的每一天吧，因为生命是高贵的，他不允许我们用浪费来亵渎；生命是有责任的，他不允许我们用自私来侵害。我们作好自己的工作，搞好自己的学习，就是在履行我们的使命，就是在为国家尽一份力，就是用自己的实际行动来告慰遇难者，支持灾区的人民和重建工作。老师们，同学们，让我们携起手来，用更大的勇气来面对一切的困难，用更大的支持铸起爱心长城，用加倍的努力来建设我们的国家，这是历史赋予我们每一个中国人的光荣使命！

推荐第8篇：地震演讲稿

earthquake in china Strong earthquake hits China A powerful earthquake measuring 7.8 has hit China\'s southern province of Sichuan, shaking buildings as far away as Beijing, Shanghai and Bangkok.It was not immediately clear if there were any casualties or damage from the tremor which the the US Geological Survey (UGS) earlier put at 7.8.The epicentre of the quake was 93 kilometres north of Chengdu.Wenchuan, which took full force of the quake, has a population of 111,000 people.It is in an ethnic Tibetan area in Aba county which recently saw violent clashes between Tibetans and Chinese authorities.According to some reports there was a second earthquake measuring 3.9 which hit the Beijing district of Tongzhou at roughly the same time.Telephone lines in the affected area are jammed and there are still no reports of casualties.Reports from Thailand say high buildings in Bangkok continued to shake several minutes after the tremors began.\"We felt continuous shaking for about two or three minutes.All the people in our office are rushing downstairs.We\'re still feeling slight tremblings,\" said an office worker in Chengdu.China\'s tallest building, the Jinmao Tower, and other highrise buildings in Shanghai\'s financial district were evacuated after tremors were first felt.\"People were shouting \'get out, get out\', so we all ran out of our dorm,\" said a student surnamed Zhang at a university in nearby Chongqing.A spokesman for the China Earthquake Administration said it was still checking the epicentre and scale of the tremor.

推荐第9篇：地震演讲稿

一方有难八方支援

北京时间2013年4月20日在四川省雅安市芦山县发生了7.0级地震。能量相当于400颗广岛原子弹，把无数阳光下鲜活的生命永远地带入黑暗世界。

谈震色变。但我们不能向它低头，在这重压之下，将检验我们炎黄子孙的坚强风骨；在危难之时，将显示我们华夏民族血浓于水的亲密团结。我们应该不分地域、不分民族，关注灾情，表达爱心。为此，作为中华学子的我们倡议：积极为灾区群众，伸出热情的双手，献出我们的爱心，众人拾柴火焰高，能力不分大小，捐赠不分多少，善举不分先后，再小的力量也是一种支持。我们一定要昂起头颅，挺起胸膛，众志成城，抗震救灾，帮助灾区同胞重建家园助力。

灾情就是命令，灾区就是战场。灾难临头，抗灾之急如火如荼，每个人都责无旁贷，有钱出钱，有力出力。惟有如此，我们才会少些哀痛，少些惨烈，多些温情，多些温暖。灾难中，我们更应该坚强，灾难中，我们更应该给彼此鼓励!为逝者安息，为生者祝福！

我们坚信“灾难无情人有情。一方有难，八方支援。为灾区送去来自我们的问候，和力所能及的经济捐助。雅安震定，华夏同心。让世界看到坚强的中国!团结的中国!

推荐第10篇：地震演讲稿

[地震演讲稿]5·12，像一块突如其来的黑纱，系在我们每个人的左臂，地震演讲稿。如果说灾情即是最大的政治，那么我们以第一时间的反应表达政治的良知。总书记第一时间作出指示，共和国总理第一时间赶赴灾区，解放军和中央多个部委第一时间发起响应与联动，国外政要第一时间表示慰问与哀悼。 与此同时，权威的信息第一时间穿透灾难的屏障，以跑在谣言前面的方式抵达公众。而且就在灾难发生的次日，北京奥组委负责人表示，要把奥运火炬传递和抗震救灾结合起来。奥运火炬将本着安全第一的原则，缩减规模，简化程序，注重简朴，讲求实效。在火炬传递开始前，全体参与者将默哀一分钟，向在地震灾害中遇难的同胞表示哀悼。在火炬传递的起点、终点和沿途设立募捐箱，悬挂抗震救灾标语，把广大人民群众参与奥运圣火传递的热情与抗震救灾的实际行动紧密结合起来。 摒弃那些政绩、形象与名声的负累之虑，为所有亡灵腾出一方静穆的祭堂，为现实的苦难留出一方净地，更为一切公共与政治找到它最人性的初衷与最本质的立场。悠悠万事，惟灾为大。那些永远静默于废墟下的生命，足以让我们低首致哀；那些仍在等待救援的同胞，足以让我们此心如焚。大灾岂敢漠视，人事岂能怠慢，惟有在危局之中保持果断，灾难面前传递坚定，始能焕发举国同心的能力与勇气。 灾情是最大的政治，而积极投入救灾就是最好的爱国表达。在那些被掩埋与被隔绝之地，依然隐藏着我们所有人的祈求与祝福。我们哀悼死者，更祈望生还者的名录上能够尽量多地增加一些鲜活的姓名。各级政府与部队在紧急行动，民间组织和国际社会在迅速响应。早一秒钟就可能救活一个人，只要有一线希望，我们就尽百倍努力，不惜采取任何手段，不惜任何代价，总理所言即为灾难之下的国家表达，国民诉求，更是对所有爱国者的动员令。 奥运之年，圣火经行之处点燃蓬勃爱国热情。然而灾难来了，它以另外一种方式激发我们的爱国热情。那些排队捐赠的市民，那些挽起衣袖献出热血的大学生，那些赶赴灾区的志愿者，包括所有那些时刻关注灾情、为灾区祈福的人们，都在以力所能及的方式书写最有力的爱国大字，演讲稿《地震演讲稿》。这是大灾难后的大救援，因此也必将是大悲痛后的大团结。 天佑中华，天佑灾区。从来大难兴邦，手足同胞之情将我们系于一脉。汶川5·12大地震，更是一条迎风飘扬的黄丝带，高悬中国。这条上书sos的黄丝带，是亲人离散后的求助标志。那些身在震区的每一个人，都是我们所要竭力寻找的离散于灾难、血浓于水的亲人。 当悲伤倾尽，有我们众志成城；当泪尽血续，有我们守望相助。若此，则天变仍不足畏，人言仍不足恤，我们仍将因此获得文明与前行之力。抗震救灾的演讲稿：牵手一场罕见的大地震，降临到四川汶川。仅仅在一段有限的时光，房屋便被摔倒，摔倒，摔倒。多少人在这场灾难中失去了生命，失去了亲人，失去了一个个阳光明媚的日子？所有，所有同胞的眼睛都在关注着灾区，用行动奉献着自己的一份爱心。连同一些国外的友人，都伸出了援助的手。一队队军人，一架架飞机，一支又一支急救医疗队奔赴灾区。在被灾难的阴霾笼罩的土地上，每一分每一秒都在回荡着一组组爱的交响诗！用我们，用我们的爱心和行动，谱写我们众志成城的一个个日子。阳光会灿烂，月亮会微笑，孩子的眼睛会被水灵灵的希望擦亮。我们手牵手，手牵手用一种不屈的精神一起去迎接美好的明天！我们手牵手，手牵手用一种伟岸的气魄一起去迎接美好的明天！

第11篇：地震演讲稿

一场罕见的大地震，降临到四川汶川。仅仅在一段有限的时光，房屋便被摔倒，摔倒，摔倒。

多少人在这场灾难中失去了生命，失去了亲人，失去了一个个阳光明媚的日子？

所有，所有同胞的眼睛都在关注着灾区，用行动奉献着自己的一份爱心。连同一些国外的友人，都伸出了援助的手。这其中掺杂着许多感人故事，下面我就为大家说个。

四川省彭州市公安局女民警蒋敏，在确认自己父母和2岁女儿等10位亲人不幸遇难后，仍然坚守在抗震救灾工作岗位上，没有回家看一下。她说对亲人最好的纪念，就是和活着的人一起战斗，相信其他人也和她一样，会把别人的父母、子女都当成自己的亲人。她在安置受灾群众工作现场照料一个小男孩时候的神态，就象在照顾自己的孩子一样，让人看了掉眼泪。后来蒋敏因心理和身体极度疲惫血压太低而突然昏倒在地，但是输液后她再次挣扎着出现在抗震第一线，非常感动人。

受汶川地震影响，四川省德阳市东汽中学教学楼坍塌。在地震发生的一瞬间，该校教导主任谭千秋双 臂 张开趴在课桌上，身下死死地护着4个学生，4个学生都获救了，谭老师却不幸遇难。

他只是一位平凡普通的老师，却用自己的双臂护住了四条年轻的生命。然而，上帝在让她得到那些学生的同时，把她的爱人带走了。她痛哭的表情，撕扯的动作，都在说着人间最简单也是最重要的那个词：爱。是 啊，为了学生的安危，他献出一份老师的关爱；而面对早已在世界那一方的丈夫时，她又是撕心裂肺的痛爱。

“一方有难，八方支援”，是中华民族的传统美德。

亲爱的同胞们，当我们在家里静享天伦的时候，你是否还记得那数以万计流离失所的兄弟？亲爱的同胞们，当我们在饭店饱食美味的时候，你是否还记得那饥肠辘辘的受难姐妹？亲爱的同胞们，当我们在挑选名牌服装的时候，你是否还记得那些衣不蔽体的父老乡亲？伸出你的手，伸出我的手，伸出我们大家的手，捞起衣袖，为灾区的兄弟姐妹献几滴鲜红的血液吧！

打开你的衣柜，打开我的衣柜，打开我们大家的衣柜，选几件过时了的干净衣服，为灾区的兄弟姐妹送上我们的一片温暖吧！

省下一包烟，省下一盒糖，省下一桶面，省下一杯奶，为灾区的兄弟姐妹送上我们的一份爱心吧！

我们坚信，“众人划桨开大船”。有了你的参与，有了我的参与，有了我们大家的参与，破败的家园一定会变成美好的花园！

我们坚信，“人心齐，泰山移。”有了你的付出，有了我的付出，有了我们大家的付出，那无数张愁苦的脸上定会绽放出甜美的笑靥。

我们坚信，“众人拾柴火烟高。”有了你的爱，有了我的爱，有了我们大家的爱，灾难的五月一定会变成爱的春天！

第12篇：地震演讲稿

The terrible disaster caused more then 40075 inhabitants deaths and

countle injured up to18:00 May 20th.The 8-day search-and- rescue efforts have put more strain on people\'s nerves.Many Chinese spent the agonizing week following news on TV, on net, or glancing over newspapers and on public transport during rush hours.Even strangers exchanged information on the updated death toll and the latest outcome of rescue miions; cheered for every survival narrowly escaping hell; mourned each new death; and prayed for the strong lives still trapped in the debris.But hope is dimming as time is running out.So many people lost their lives in a flash, so many happy family become destitute and homele far and near, so many buildings collapsed without any hesitate, the earth cracked, and even worse, it rained while others try to rescue them…I can not image how sad a child will be that she or he turn out to be orphan after this earthquake.Or the old lost all her offspring in this earthquake.People begin to wonder what they can do to help those who are still suffering.

\"What else can I do?\" has been the question on everyone\'s mind since the deadly quake hit Sichuan Province.

After all, only a few warm-hearted volunteers could acce \"the front lines of combating disaster\" considering the complicated conditions and fear of potential calamity.People can be seen everywhere lining up to make

donations.In many cities, blood banks have been reported up to saturation; and volunteers wishing to donate blood have to register and wait for to be notified.More and more people are eager to be involved in the rescue and relief work that they are becoming unsatisfied with the disaster-relief efforts made outside of the quake-ravaged areas; and volunteers are descending upon the worst-hit areas in growing numbers.

It is pity that there are a lot of disasters in this Olympic year.This year, we, Chinese people, really have suffered a lot.however, we have not been defeated, instead, we\'ve become more united and show great resolution to overcome all kinds of challenges to make our country more thriving and prosperous.

When people shout slogans \"Cheer up, China!\", \"Cheer up, Wenchuan!\" after a three-minute silent tribute to quake victims, at the Tian\'anmen Square in central Beijing,I know that the nightmare of the 8 days gone by will fade from the collective Chinese mind with time;and I could see the Chinese longings to rebuild a better future with dauntle perseverance and national esprit de corps !

40

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Strong earthquake damage so large, to show once again brought out.In the vicinity of the epicenter, and in some cities and villages, many houses

collapsed and damaged roads, telecommunications disruption, many schools and hospitals have become ruins.Human vibrant homes, Zhuanshun between appalling.

This is a natural disaster caused by difficult to avoid the tragedy, it is sad.And this kind of tragedy, and in fact the long history of human companions,

Ruyingsuixing.Far not said that the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, despite the past 32 years but has remained a matter of fear.In 1998 the major flood

disaster in 2003, the \"atypical pneumonia\" crisis, the end of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the recent tropical storm in Myanmar, have caused a large number of casualties and property loes.Human nature is no stranger to disaster, but when Wenchuan earthquake and the plain reality of the time, the natural power of human beings before the fragile, exposed completely.

Wenchuan earthquake, the people to disaster areas has caused tremendous physical and mental suffering, but also makes the map as a small region, the people throughout the country the most about the place.As a so-called human life, compatriots suffering in some of the time, the country\'s grief out of the full performance.The international community has also expreed concern about the rapid and condolences.

When a major earthquake has occurred, and aftershocks continued, the key word at this time only a matter of fact the word \"save\" and \"aistance.\" In a sense, the \"aistance\" is also \"save\" an integral part.There is no doubt that relief has become China\'s current government and the people most important task.

Disaster relief to save what » This seems to be without a thought.But in fact, the true meaning of disaster relief must be clarified.The primary task of relief, when in order to save lives.Compared with the life, property lo and

post-disaster reconstruction and so has been relatively minor, or that include the rescue of property and the seismic reflection of the problem, should be moved back to \"save lives\" extremely important After that.

In the earthquake disaster site to direct rescue of Premier Wen Jiabao said a word, \"as long as both hands, will be able to rebuild their homes\" - these words

to the real interpretation of the true meaning of the disaster.In other words, this is also the Chinese government will as a primary task of saving the idea of the source.That is only one life, not to the other of alternative, the response must be to the fastest speed, with the GREatest efforts, even at the cost to take any means, \"at any cost,\" the disaster areas to save people\'s lives.

This means that the government-led rescue system should be the focus fell on the lives of the rescue.With the paage of time, the number of casualties will also continue to increase.Safety of the lives of tens of thousands of people, in fact, the most severe disaster order.As long as there\'s hope that the front line, who must rescue efforts to hundredfold, from the ruins in search for poible survivors, from under collapsed buildings in a rescue every life.

It should be noted that not only rely on relief confidence, courage and a spirit of solidarity, but also rely on the profeional rescue teams and technical configuration.Although available for disaster relief to everyone, but under certain conditions, relief is also a live technical, profeional and strong,

high-risk, large amount of labor.Can not fail to mention that Chinese soldiers once again played a \"steel wall\" role in the relief difficult conditions, the elite combat units in the affected areas to give full expreion to the mighty army of glory.The young Chinese soldiers in the affected areas of the rescue scenario is indeed deeply felt the blood is thicker than water like fish and water deeply.

Will save lives as the overriding priority, also means that aid must race against time, and death race.Those dying in the ruins of the life, is eagerly awaited relief.\"Time is life,\" meaning, at this point has been the most vivid expreion.Early into the second relief to the affected areas, we can save a life back.In the epicenter of local traffic inconvenience or even interrupted the

circumstances, Premier Wen Jiabao asked the rescue team \"is to walk as soon as poible into the most affected areas,\" highlighted the earthquake relief the importance of the concept of time.

It should also be noted that the earthquake disaster relief is not just a matter of the Government.As the face of ever, a major natural disaster, the

government\'s influence, life-saving operations, but also relies on public and non-governmental organizations surmount.Including encouraging the spirit of the people of disaster areas, material support, including positive and practical actions, such as blood donation, both will have a positive effect rescue

operations.Wenchuan after the earthquake, many enterprises and individuals, has begun an emergency donation of property, to the most needed areas.Non-disaster areas the people\'s bleings and encouragement, people have fully felt the warmth and firm national strength.

第13篇：地震英语话剧

学生ABCD

救援人员EF

总理G

专家HI

主持人J

情景13分钟

宿舍里ABCD

A 玩电脑被砸死

B在学习跳楼

C 睡觉没人叫 被砸被救

D 打电话跑了

情景23 分钟

救援 EF GBC

情景35分钟

ADEHIJ

情景1

A在玩电脑游戏，他非常投入，听着音乐，他喜欢晃腿

B在旁边认真地学习，并不耐烦的告诉A 不要晃桌子

C在睡的很死，呼噜声非常大，

D在打电话，坐在C的床上

A is playing computer games ,he is in his own world and can't be attracted by other things.as serious as A ,B is doing his homework.Look at c,he always sleep just like a pig,and he is snoring just like this.what is d doing now？He is talking with his girlfriend in the phone.it seems just like a peaceful day as usual.however,the death is coming quitely.

学生A :doublekill！

学生B：oh，no！Why do you always shake your legs,look,the desk is shaking heavily.you made me feelthat like big earthquake

学生A:sorry,i am wrong.but how can the earthquake come.you always like to make jokes.maybe you have looked too many horror movies.

学生B:who knows?but if the earthquake really comes,we have no ways because we live on 6 floors.shall we jump out of the window?

学生A:You think too much，boy!just do you homework seriously and don"t think those bad things.ok?

学生B:ok

学生D:I don't have courses today .what are you doing now.

When the holiday comes we can get together again.of course i mi you!

Oh ,my god,our room is shaking heavily,what happend, may be the disaster comes,maybe we can't get together again forever.....

(D 推了一下C，没有叫醒，然后自己偷偷跑下去了)

学生B：don't shake your legs,the desk is shaking again!

学生A:sorry ,i forget!..........no,i am not shaking,what a strange phenomenon.学生B:earthquake? Dose it really come?what can i do?i see!

(A 说完就从窗户跳下去了，B继续玩)

学生B：i konw,i play games all the day,may be i just need a little sleep.

(B说完继续玩游戏，不久之后被砸倒)

学生C:what" up ?

(C醒来后赶快藏到了床底下)

情景2

B is dead because jumping from 6 floors is really a dangerous thing.B and C are buried in the ruin.Two hours later, the earthquake calm down ..he is very tired .the Rescue team comes here.there are 2 rescue personeland a dog all together,but the dog is lost........

救援人员E:Why is my dog?

救援人员F:We don't kown.let us serve the dog together

救援人员E：good idea.

学生C:Help!Help! I am dying!i want water.

救援人员F:listen carefuly,is there anyone shouting there?

救援人员E:ifmy dog is here,maybe it can tell us.

救援人员F:ok ,let's go there to have a look!

学生C:help ,help! Iam here,i don't want to die.i was just sleeping on my bed ,but now i was dying!

救援人员E:don't worry ,we can help you!give me your hand please..........

(经过救援，C 成功脱险，B还在里面)

学生C:thankyou very much,but my roommates is still buried in the ruin,please help him,please!

救援人员F:ok,he will be ok,don"worry.

(温总理来了)

Look，the premier Wen jiabao comes here personally，he is tired as well as very anxious.

总理G:““As a disaster is an order, every second counts for a survivor.It is the people who raise you up!Never cast aside and never give up!Saving a life belittles anything else!As long as there is a ray of hope， we will make every effort and never say never.”

The attendence of premierecourage everyone, they exhaust their energy to rescue victims.the Red Cro prove various goods and materials to victims.people from all the world leave thier own home to come here to help us.they dominate their money and clothes,giving their loving heart.

情景3

Hello everyone.Welcome to watch cctv .today we invite two earthquake experts H ,I,resue pesnol E,And the survivor C.

问C

What's your first reactiong when the earquake comes?

学生C:.........

救援人员E:

1.If you are indoors, duck or drop down to the floor.Take cover under a sturdy desk, table or other furniture.Hold on to it and be prepared to move with it.Hold the position until the ground stops shaking and it is safe to move.Stay clear of windows, fireplaces, woodstoves, and heavy furniture or appliances that may fall over.Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling gla or building parts.If you are in a crowded area, take cover where you are.Stay calm and encourage others to do likewise.

2.If you are outside, get into the open, away from buildings and power lines.

3.If you are driving, stop if it is safe, but stay inside your car.Stay away from bridges, overpaes and tunnels.Move your car as far out of the normal traffic pattern as poible.If poible, avoid stopping under trees, light posts, power lines, or signs.

4.If you are in a mountainous area, or near unstable slopes or cliffs, be alert for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.

5.If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.

专家H:When an earthquake occurs, the most basic phenomenon is the ground of continuous vibration, mainly is obvious shaking.In the quake area people feel great shaking before, sometimes first feel about beats.This is because seismic waves from underground to ground came that p-wave first reach's sake.S-wave then produce the large amplitude of the horizontal wobble, is the main cause of the earthquake disaster 专家I:An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph.The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas.Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale.

第14篇：英语地震慰问信

a letter of condolence 地震慰问信 1 中国四川汶川大地震灾害 严重， 已造成500多万人无家可归。请你 代表 我校 写一封 慰问信 向 灾区人民 表示 关怀和慰问。 1.简要描述灾区的情况 2.对灾区人民 表示 关怀 和 慰问 3.表达 灾后重建家园 的信心 dear victims, the earthquake which happened two weeks ago in sichuan province is an enormous disaster for our whole nation.it has caused both financial and life lo.until now, fifty thousand people lost their lives due to the earthquake and much more injured seriously.five million people have no homes to return as the majority of the buildings were collapsed we are sorry about this accident.it’s a pity that many children lost their parents and many couples lost their lovers.i could not help but cry when hearing of the moving stories that happened during the disaster. our whole nation is a big family, every member would like to give a helping hand to the people who suffered from the earthquake.we must show our warm-heartedne and make donations to the stricken area so that their broken heart can be warmed. a series of actions has been taken since the earthquake happened.i believe the stricken area will soon be restored with the soldiers and other warm-hearted people’s help.the future will be bright, cheer up! yours sincerely zzia (wj) ------- ----------- 地震慰问信2 dear victims, a week ago, i was shocked at the news about the earthquake in wenchuan.and i’m very sorry to hear that this earthquake was the greatest disaster after 1949.and there are 40075 people who are found dead in the disaster till now and there have been more than 500 million people who are homele.the floor was ripped through, many blocks and houses were seriously damaged, and even were as flat as a pancake. i’m deeply moved by the volunteers and the international rescue teams victims and survivors with our warm heart.moreover, we contribute a large amount of money to you.and our school will try our best to help you. last but not the least, i hope we all have the confidence to rebuild your home after the disaster.only we have the perseverance can we defeat the natural disaster. good luck and best wishes to you! yours sincerely zzia (jy) ------- ----------- 地震慰问信3 dear victims, on the 12 of may in 2008, an incredible and unknown earthquake suddenly happened in wenchuan, sichuan province.almost half of china was affected.it was a huge calamity to chinese people. until now, there are nearly 50 thousand people who died in this earthquake and more people injured.many people lost their relatives and fell into the deep sorrow.and they also lost their homes and hometowns.a large number of buildings were damaged.what’s more, many children and students lost their lives because of the collapse of schools.and their parents who suffer from this big calamity can’t accept the fact until now. all of the chinese people begin to act and do everything they can when they hear the news.almost every one of us contributes a great number of money and goods which people in sichuan need.as students, we don’ t have enough money to donate, but we should do all that we could do. what’s more important, we consider that we can help sichuan people rebuilt and their home and live happily. yours sincerely zzia (yl) 注明：(thanks for my three students contribution of their 下面是写慰问信需要注意的几点： 1.start with a statement of sympathy 2.follow with sentences about mutual experiences or relationship. 范文：

.慰问信 （notes of sympathy on illne, injury and material lo）

亲友生了病或受了伤，或由于火灾、水灾、被盗等不幸事件蒙受了损失，就应该写封信表示慰问。慰问信要写的真诚，要注意措辞。写慰问信时，一定要围绕一个中心，那就是使收信人从中得到安慰和鼓舞。

1.慰问病人 (to those who are ill) june 6, 2005 dear mrs.corbin, i was so sorry to learn of your illne.you must hurry and get well！everybody in the neighborhood mies you, and we’re all hoping you’ll be back soon. mr.burke joins me in sending best wishes for your speed recovery. sincerely yours, mary burke [译文] 亲爱的科宾夫人：

听说您病了，我非常难过。您一定要尽快地恢复健康，因为邻居们都很想念您，大家都希望您早日出院归来。

伯克先生和我共祝您很快康复。

您真挚的

玛*伯克

2005年6月6日

------------------ 3.慰问受伤的人（to those who have been injured）

写给受伤的人的慰问信要尽量简短、中肯。信中不必查问事故是怎么发生的，是谁的过错，或有无见证人；而应表达你听到友人受伤后的难过心情，以及希望他不久就能痊愈等等。换言之，你关心的不是事故的前前后后，而应该是受伤者的身体和恢复情况。 june 16, 2005 dear tom, i just can’t tell you how sorry i was to learn of your accident.your family tells me that your are progreing nicely, and that you’ll be out of the hospital in about ten days, i’m certainly relieved to know that! in the next day or so you’ll receive a little package from margaret and me.i hope you like it, and that it will help to pa the time more pleasantly. with every good wish for your swift recovery. sincerely, [译文] 亲爱的汤姆：

知道您受到意外伤害时，我简直难以形容我心中是多么难过。您的家人告诉我，您恢复得很好，再有十天左右的时间就可以出院了。听到这一情况后，我心中感到很宽慰。

在一两天内，您会收到玛格丽特和我寄给您的一小包东西，我希望您喜欢它，并希望它能帮助您更愉快地消遣时光。

衷心祝愿您尽快地恢复健康！

您真诚的

鲍勃

2005年6月16日 4.慰问蒙受物质损失的人 (to those who have suffered material lo or damage) 人们在蒙受损失时，总希望能得到朋友的安慰。这种慰问信一般都比较简短，只表示关心和同情。

june 25, 2005 dear mr.thompson, i was extremely sorry to hear of the fire that destroyed your beautiful house.i know well how much that house meant to you and i hasten to offer my sympathy. with best wishes to you both. sincerely yours, smith [译文] 亲爱的汤普森先生：

听说火灾毁了您漂亮的住宅，我难过极了。我知道您和夫人是非常喜爱那座房子的。特立即向您们表示慰问。

向您们致以最诚挚的同情。

您诚挚的，

史密斯

2005年6月25日

------------------ 5.安慰友人考试落榜（to those who could not pa the entrance examination） june 29, 2005 dear bill, what shocking news to me when i was told by mr.lewis that you could not pa the entrance examination.this means you have to wait for another year to attend the next entrance examination.i quite understand how you feel now.still you have many more chances to try.so i hope that you will not take this to heart, and will get ready to try again.i am sure you will easily succeed next yours, elizabeth [译文] 亲爱的比尔：

我在刘易斯先生那里获悉你入学考试落榜，深感惋惜。这意味着你要等待明年再考了。我很能理解你目前的心境。但你仍有很多机会，所以希望你别太往心里去，做好下次考试的准备。我深信你明年一定能获得成功。

你的

伊丽莎白

2005年6月29日

------------------ 6.英文慰问信的写作格式，英文慰问信范文

慰问信 （notes of sympathy on illne, injury and material lo）

亲友生了病或受了伤，或由于火灾、水灾、被盗等不幸事件蒙受了损失，就应该写封信表示慰问。慰问信要写的真诚，要注意措辞。写慰问信时，一定要围绕一个中心，那就是使收信人从中得到安慰和鼓舞。 i am sorry to hear that you have been sick.in our daily lives, you have given us too much love and care sometimes regardle of yourself.it is because of your hard work pay, we can continuously to make progre.each cla clamate all expecting you to recover as soon as poible.while you were away, we all mi you very much.for us you are more than a teacher.we all love you, hoping you can recover soon.best wishes!

------------------ 7.慰问信，唁电等问候信函

祝贺升职 范例 dear mr.gokhale, i’m writing this letter to congratulate you on your new post in new delhi.i am very delighted to hear of your promotion after three exciting and hardworking years in taiwan.the diligence and enthusiasm contributed a great deal to the economic ties between india and taiwan. it has been a great pleasure and privilege for me to have had the opportunity of working closely with you over the past three years.you have been one of the most capable representatives in taiwan.the cooperation and friendship that you so kindly extended to me has been most gratifying. no doubt our paths will continue to cro from time to time, and i look forward to maintaining close contact with you in your new capacity.likewise, please let me know if i can be of help in taipei.at last, i would like, once again, to expre my sincere gratitude for your efforts to improve india-taiwan trade and investment exchange and cooperation, and i wish you a prosperous and succeful future. sincerely yours,篇3：给四川地震灾区的中学生写一封英语慰问信

给四川地震灾区的中学生写一封英语慰问信

给四川地震灾区的中学生写一封英语慰问信 dear friends, im awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown.faced with such a rarely-seen disaster, you remain so calm and strong-willed that we are all moved to tears.a friend in need is a friend indeed.thinking about your present situation, we can not wait a minute to make every bit of our effort to help you.i, as the chairman of student union, on behalf of all my schoolmates, expre our most sincere pity and care for you.besides, we make a donation of 120 thousand yuan to you, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.a better hometown can be rebuilt.therefore, never give up whatever happens.remember we wont be far away when you need any help! yours sincerely, li hua篇4：给四川地震灾区的中学生写一封英语慰问信

给四川地震灾区的中学生写一封英语慰问信

给四川地震灾区的中学生写一封英语慰问信 dear friends, im awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown.faced with such a rarely-seen disaster, you remain so calm and strong-willed that we are all moved to tears.a friend in need is a friend indeed.thinking about your present situation, we can not wait a minute to make every bit of our effort to help you.i, as the chairman of student union, on behalf of all my schoolmates, expre our most sincere pity and care for you.besides, we make a donation of 120 thousand yuan to you, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.a better hometown can be rebuilt.therefore, never give up whatever happens.remember we wont be far away when you need any help! yours sincerely, li hua篇5：高中英语慰问信 a letter of condolence慰问信 中国青海玉树大地震灾害严重，已造成***多万人无家可归。请你代表 我校写一封慰问信向灾区人民 表示关怀和慰问。

第15篇：地震术语英语

Seismic 地震

abnormal events: Coherent events which are not reflections.Refraction, reflected refractions, diffractions, surface waves, and sometimes multiple reflections are included (though there’s nothing ―abnormal‖ about any of these ).

异常同相轴：相干非反射同相轴，包括折射波、反射折射波、绕射波、面波，往往也包括多次反射波（尽管这些波本身无任何异常）。

absorption: A proce whereby some of the energy of seismic wave is converted into heat while paing through a medium.Absorption for seismic waves is perhaps of the order of 1/2 db/cycle.Sometimes claimed to be proportional to the frequency squared rather than linear with frequency.See Q.吸收作用：为地震波通过某一介质时，其一部分能量转化为热量的一个过程。地震波吸收衰减约为每周期1/2 分贝，有时表述为吸收与频率的平方成正比，而不是与频率成简单的线性正比关系。见品质因数 Q。

acoustic: Sonic; pertaining to sound.Usually refers to compreional P waves, sometimes restricted to P-waves in fluids (liquids and gases ), sometimes generalized to include other elastic wave types.声学的，声的：声音的，声速的；属于声学范畴。通常指压缩纵波，有时仅指在流体中传播的纵波（液体和气体），广义上也包括其它类型的弹性波。

acoustic impedance: Seismic velocity multiplied by density.Reflection coefficient depends on changes in acoustic impedance.声阻抗，波阻抗：地震波速度乘以介质密度。反射系数依赖于波阻抗的变化。

acoustic wave: 1.Sonic wave.An elastic wave train, sometimes restricted to propagation though a fluid.2.The wave train generated and detected by a sonic-logging sonde（see acoustic log）.The wave train is a composite of various modes of energy transfer.The first arrival usually results from compreional (P- or longitudinal ) waves traveling in the formation; the inverse of its velocity is measured by the sonic log.A second arrival is sometimes identified as shear (S-) wave travel in the formation; it represents a pseudo-Rayleigh wave which travels at approximately the velocity of S-waves.Compreional waves traveling through the mud usually have relatively high frequency content; they are sometimes called fluid waves.One or more modes of high-amplitude, low-frequency tube waves (sometimes called Stoneley waves ) are usually very distinct arrival.3.More generally, an elastic wave or seismic wave.声波，地震波：1.声波。有时仅指在流体中传播的弹性波列。2.由声波测井电极系产生并检测到的波列（见声波测井）。该波列是由各种不同能量的波复合而成的。初至波通常是在岩石中传播的压缩（P-或纵）波；其波速的倒数是通过声波测井而测到的。续至波往往被看作在岩石中传播的剪切（S-）波；它表现为一个以近似S-波速度传播的伪-瑞雷波。通过软泥层的压缩波通常具有相对较高的频率成分；往往被称为流体波。一个或更多强振幅、低频率的管波（也称斯通利波）的波至通常特别明显。3.更一般的指弹性波或地震波。

air gun: 1.A marine seismic source which injects a bubble of highly compreed air into the water.Oscillations of the bubble as it alternately expands and contracts generate a sonic wave whose frequency depends on the amount of air in the bubble, its preure, and the water depth (or water preure ).Arrays of guns of different sizes are sometimes used so that a broader frequency spectrum will be generated.Different from gas gun.2.Air guns have also been adapted for lowering in a borehole or pushed down into the marsh.The adaptations prevent mud, sand, etc., from entering and fouling the air gun.3.Air guns are also used in small tanks of water which are set on the surface of the ground as a seismic source on land.空气枪：1.通过向水中排放高压气泡的一种海上地震震源。气泡交替收缩和膨胀的振动可产生声波，该声波的频率取决于气泡中空气量、压力和水深（或水压）。通常使用大小不同的空气枪阵列来得到更宽的频谱。它不同于单个气枪震源。2.空气枪通过改进后，可适用于钻孔和沼泽地区。这种改进可阻止泥浆、沙等进入和阻塞空气枪。3.空气枪也可以放在地表小型水池中作为陆上地震震源。

air wave: Energy from the shot which travels in the air at the velocity of sound:

1051(1+0.00218 F)1/2≈1051+1.1 F ft/sec, where F= Fahrenheit temperature, or 331.51(1+0.00366 C)1/2≈331.5+0.607 C m/sec, where C=Centigrade temperature. 空气波：爆炸产生的能量在空气中以声速传播：1051(1+0.00218 F)1/2≈1051+1.1 F英尺/秒，其中F为华氏温度，或331.51(1+0.00366 C)1/2≈331.5+0.607 C 米/秒，其中C为摄氏温度。

angle of incidence: The acute angle which a raypath makes with the normal to an interface.This is the same angle as an approaching wavefront makes with an interface in an isotropic medium.The angle between the raypath and the normal is the angle of incidence in the anisotropic case, the raypath not necearily being perpendicular to the wavefront in this case.The angle of incidence may be complex for electromagnetic waves.入射角：射线路径与界面法线所成的锐角。在各向同性介质中它等于波阵面与分界面的的夹角。在各向异性介质中，射线路径与界面法线的夹角为入射角，而此时射线路径与波阵面不一定是正交的。对于电磁波来说它的入射角为复角。

apparent velocity: 1.The velocity which a wavefront appears to have along a line of geophones.If the wavefront makes the angle θwith the spread and the true velocity of the wavefront if V, then the apparent velocity is V/cosθ.2.The inverse of the slope of a refraction time-distance curve.视速度：把波阵面看作沿地面测线传播时的速度。如果波阵面与检波器排列的夹角为θ，设真速度为V，则视速度为V/cosθ。2.折射波时距曲线斜率的倒数。

apparent wavelength: The distance between corresponding points on succeive cycles of a wave train as seen by a geophone spread.Differs from actual wavelength if the wave train direction makes an angle with the spread.视波长：在检波器排列方向上，波列两相邻周期相应的波峰或波谷之间的距离。如果波传播方向与检波器排列方向有一夹角，则与真实波长不同。

arrival: An event; a lineup of coherent energy signifying the arrival of a new wavetrain.

波至：波至；表示一个新的波列到达的一组相关能量。

arrival time: 1.The time from shot or other energy release to the time which is picked for an event, making allowance for static and dynamic corrections.2.The time of an event without corrections.

波至时间：1.从爆炸或其它能量释放后，到拾取到第一个波至之间的时间，它可用于静校正和动校正。2.未经校正的波至到达时间。

attenuation: 1.A reduction in amplitude or energy, such as might be produced by paage through a filter.2.A reduction in the amplitude of seismic waves, such as produced by divergence, reflection and scattering, and absorption.3.That portion of the decrease in seismic or sonar signal strength with distance not dependent on geometrical spreading.This decrease depends on the physical characteristics of the transmitting media, involving reflection, scattering, and absorption.4.If the amplitude of a plane wave is reduced by the factor e-α(f)x

in traveling a distance of x meters, then the attenuation factor isα(f).Often thought to be linear with frequency, sometimes thought to be quadratic with frequency.5.Regarding the rapid attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the earth, see skin depth.衰减：1.振幅或能量的减少，例如信号通过滤波器后就有可能发生衰减。2.地震波振幅的减少，由地震波的扩散、反射和散射、及吸收等所致。3.地震或声纳信号强度随传播距离的增大而产生的部分减弱，与信号的几何分布无关，主要依赖于传播介质的物理性质，包括反射、散射和吸收。4.如果α(f)x ，则衰减因子为 α一个平面波传播x米所产生的衰减为e-(f) 。通常认为衰减与频率成正比，也有人认为与频率的二次方成正比。5.关于电磁波在地下迅速衰减，见趋肤深度。

average velocity: The distance traversed by a seismic wavelet divided by the time required, both often corrected to a reference datum plane.For reflections, often refers to a ray reflected at normal incidence.平均速度：一个地震子波传播距离与所需时间的比值，其中距离和时间通常都被校正到一个参考基准面上。对于反射波来说，常指法线反射路径。

azimuth: The horizontal angle usually specified clockwise from true north.方位角：通常指由真北按顺时针方向指定的水平角。

binary gain: A gain-control system in which amplification is changed only in discrete steps by factors of 2.The times at which the gain steps occur is recorded so that the amplitude can be recovered later.二进制增益：放大倍数按2的阶次离散变化的增益控制系统。在增益阶处的时间被记录下来以便以后进行振幅恢复。

blind zone: 1.A layer which cannot be detected by refraction methods, also called hidden layer.The blind zone (a) may have a velocity lower than that of shallower refractors, in which case it will lead to an overestimate of the depth of deeper refractors, or it (b) may have a velocity intermediate between those of layers above and below but not have sufficient velocity difference or thickne to produce first-arrivals; in this case it is apt to cause an underestimate at the depth of deeper refractors.2.A zone from which reflections do not occur; a shadow zone.3.A zone from which no drill cuttings are returned to the surface.4.A portion of a formation in which a logging tool response is too low.A blind zone occurs because of the finite size or configuration of the logging tool.For the lateral curve a blind zone (abnormally low reading) is recorded when a bed which is highly resistive compared to the overlying and underlying formations is present between current and measuring electrodes.5.A layer which cannot be detected by electrical methods because its resistivity is not sufficiently different from the resistivity of other layers or because it is too thin.盲区：1.用折射波法无法检测到的区，也称隐蔽层。盲区中

(a) 速度低于更浅的折射层速度，这将会导致对更深折射层的深度估计偏大，或者 (b) 盲区中速度介于其上面和下面的折射层之间，但二者之间没有足够的厚度或速度差来产生初至，这种情况下容易对更深折射层的深度估计偏小。2.不产生反射的区域；阴影带。3.无钻井岩屑返回地表的区域。4.测井仪响应很低的岩层。这种盲区的出现主要与测井仪的大小和结构有关。对于梯度电极系测井曲线，当供电电极和测量电极之间出现比其上和其下岩层具有较高阻抗的地层时，该盲区（曲线上反常的低读数）就被记录下来。5.用电法无法检测到的层，这是因为它的电阻率与其它层之间没有明显的差异或者是因为它太薄。

body waves: P- and S-waves which travel through the body of a medium, as opposed to surface waves.See P-wave and S-wave.体波：在介质体中传播的P- 波和 S-波，是相对于面波而言的。参见P- 波和 S-波。

break: Onset of an event, especially the first break.A burst of energy indicating the arrival of new energy.see time break and uphole time.波跳：波列的前端，尤其指初至。能量的突然增大意味着新的能量的到达。参见起爆时间和〔初至波到达〕井口时间

buried focus effect: A situation where the concave upward curvature of a reflector is large enough that the energy focuses before it reaches the recording plane.A buried focus situation causes several branches (usually three) of a reflection to be observable from the same surface location (i.e., the law of reflection is satisfied for several points on the reflector from the same surface location).The portion which paes through the focus is called the reverse branch.For zero offset and constant velocity, a buried focus occurs if the center of curvature lies beneath the recording plane.Le curvature is required to produce the buried-focus effect for offset traces than for traces at normal incidence.Hence buried-focus effects are more likely on long offset traces as well as more likely deeper in the section.velocity gradients and curvature of isovelocity surfaces (which are opt to occur in structural areas) also affect buried-focus effects.Curvature of the reflector out of the plane of the seismic line can also cause multiple branches.There is a quarter-wave phase shift in the reverse branch.地下焦点效应：当向上凹的反射界面曲率足够大时，使反射能量在到达记录平面之前而聚焦的一种情况。在这种情况下，可观测到来自同一界面位置反射的多个分支（通常三条）（也就是说，反射定律满足同一反射面上多个反射点）。通过焦点的部分称之为回转波。对于零偏移和常速度情况，如果曲率中心位于记录面之下，则会形成地下焦点。非零偏移距记录道产生地下焦点效应比法线入射记录道所需的曲率要小。因此偏移距越大地下聚焦效应表现在剖面上越深。速度梯度和等速面曲率对地下焦点效应也有影响。地震测线平面外弯曲的反射界面也会造成反射的多分支现象。在回转波中存在四分之一个相移。

cable: 1.The aembly of electrical conductors used to connect the geophone or hydrophone groups to the recording truck.See also streamer.2.The aembly of electrical connectors and tensile members used to support a logging sonde or well geophone or bird.电缆：1.用来连接地震检波器或水听器组和记录车的导电体组合。见等浮电缆。2.用来支持测井电极系或井中检波器或水鸟的导电体和抗拉张体组合。 chirp: A Vibroseis signal; a sinusoidal signal of continuously varying frequency.often implies a linear change of frequency with time.线性调频脉冲: 一种可控震源信号；一组频率随时间连续线性变化的正弦信号。

coefficient of anisotropy: See anisotropy.Variation of a physical property depending on the direction in which it is measured.各向异性系数：见各向异性。物理性质随着被测量的方向而变化。

coherence: l.The property of two wave trains being in-phase.2.A measure of the similarity of two functions or portions of functions.If the functions have power spectra Pii and Pjj and cro-power spectra Pij (which may complex), their coherence is Pij/( Pii Pjj)1/2

Also called coefficient of coherence.Coherence is the frequency-domain concept which is analogous to correlation in the time domain.

相干性：1.两波列相位之间的属性。2.两函数或它们的一部分之间的相似性。如果两函数的功率谱分别为Pii 和 Pjj，它们的互功率谱为Pij（可能是复数），则相关性为

Pij/( Pii Pjj)1/2

也称之为相关系数。这里的相关性是频率域中的概念，它与时间域相关类似。

coherent: Having a fixed-phase relationship with respect to each other.A set of wave forms is coherent if the phase change from one to the next has a well-defined relationship.For example, seismic reflection events are coherent in a linear way with respect to dip, coherent in a hyperbolic way with respect to normal moveout, coherent with respect to weathering variations in a nonanalytic though systematic way with respect to geophone locations.The principal evidence for a separate seismic event is coherence among the members of a set of seismic traces over a short time interval of the order of 1-1 /2 or so cycles of the dominant frequency compared with le coherence elsewhere.Coherence is often measured in a qualitative way in record picking but quantitative measures of coherence are used in automatic picking scheme; see semblance.Coherence is used in connection with various types of wave trains, including electromagnetic and seismic waves.相关的：两者之间存在着固定的相位关系。一组波形如果相位从一种形式变成另一种形式且有明确的关系，则说明这组波形是相关的。例如，地震波反射同相轴与倾角线性相关，与正常时差双曲相关，与风化层变化非解析相关，与检波器位置系统相关。一地震波组中单个地震波相位与该组波相关的主要依据是与其它相关性差的地方相比它们之间有一很短的时间间隔约为1-1 /2个主频周期。相关性在记录拾取中是定性测量的，而在自动拾取中是定量测量的；见相似性。相关性常用于把各种不同类型的波联系起来，包括电磁波和地震波。

common-depth-point: l.The situation where the same portion of the subsurface is involved in producing reflections at different offset distances on several profiles.2.Common-depth-point shooting produces redundant reflection data from which a common-depth-point stack can be made.Different shotpoint-geophone combinations are used to record the same reflection from the same subsurface.Also call roll-along.Abbreviated CDP and CRP.

共深度点：1.在几条测线上以不同偏移距产生反射的地下同一点。2.共深度点爆炸产生冗余的反射数据从而可进行共深度点叠加。不同的炮点检波器组合用来记录来地下自同一反射面的同一反射波。也称逐点爆炸法。缩写为CDP 和 CRP。

common-depth-point stack: A sum of traces which correspond to the same subsurface reflection point but which are from different profiles and have different offset distances.The traces are corrected for statics and normal moveout before summing (or stacking).The objective is to attenuate random effects and events whose dependence on offset is different from that of normal moveout for primary reflections.Hence multiple reflections which show a different NMO, surface waves, refractions, diffractions, etc., will be attenuated relative to primary reflections.Also called roll-along and horizontal stacking.Petty Geophysical Engineering Company patent.共深度点叠加：相应于对地下同一反射点的地震道的相加，但它们来自不同测线且具有不同偏移距。这些道在叠加之前都已经过静校正和正常时差校正。其目的就是衰减随机影响和那些与一次反射波随偏移距的正常时差不同的波至。因此，正常时差不同的多次反射波、面波、折射波、绕射波等相对于一次反射波来说都会被削弱。也称逐点爆炸和水平叠加。佩蒂地球物理工程公司专利。

common-offset gather: A side-by-side display of traces which have the same shot-to-geophone distance (offset).共偏移距道集：具有相同炮检距的道显示。

common-offset stack: A stack of traces which have the same offset and which are located within a limited range of depth-point locations.共炮检距叠加（同距叠加）：限定的深度点位置范围内的且炮检距相同的地震道的叠加。

common-range gather: Common-offset gather.共炮检距道集（选排）：同偏移距道集（选排）。 Common reflection point: Common-depth-point.共反射点：共深度点。

compreional wave: An elastic body wave in which particle motion is in the direction of propagation; the type of seismic wave aumed in conventional seismic exploration.Also call P-wave, dilatational wave, and longitudinal wave.压缩波：质点运动方向与波传播方向相同的一种弹性体波；常规地震勘探中一种假设的地震波类型。也称为P-波、膨胀波和纵波。

configuration: Arrangement (as of geophones in a group); array.排列形式：排列（检波器组合）；阵列。

converted wave: Seismic energy which has traveled partly as a P-wave (longitudinal wave) and partly as an S-wave (shear wave), being converted from one form to the other upon reflection or refraction at oblique incidence on an interface.Since mode conversion is small for small incident angles, converted waves become more prominent as offset increases.转换波：部分以P-波（纵波）和S-波（剪切波）形式传播的地震波倾斜入射到某一界面上经反射或折射，从一种形式转换成另一种形式。在小入射角情况下转换能量小，随着炮检距的增加，转换波变得更为显著。

critical angle: Angle of incidence θc for which the refracted ray grazes the surface of contact between two media (of velocities V1 and V2): sin θc = V1 / V2.临界角：当折射线与两介质的分界面（界面速度分别为V1 和

V2）相切时，所需的入射角θc：sin θc = V1 / V2.critical reflection: A reflection at the critical angle.Amplitude may be exceptionally large in this vicinity.临界反射：入射角为临界角时的反射。这时的反射波振幅最大。

curved path: A seismic raypath which is curved because refraction changes the direction of the ray as the velocity changes with depth.Increase in velocity with depth makes the raypath concave upward.弯曲射线路径：由于速度随深度的变化使得折射方向也随之改变，从而得到一个弯曲的地震射线路径。速度随深度增加，使得射线路径向上弯曲。

deconvolution: The proce of undoing the effect of another filter.Usually an inverse filter is designed and convolved with the signal, the objective being to nullify an objectionable effect of an earlier filter action.反褶积：解除一个滤波器所带来的影响的过程。通常是设计一个逆滤波器，然后与信号进行褶积，目的是使以前的滤波器对信号的影响变为零。

deep seismic sounding: DSS.深地震测深：DSS

diffraction: 1.A phenomenon common to all waves(light waves, radio waves, seismic waves, surface water waves, etc.).See Huygens principle.2.Scattered seismic energy which emanates from an abrupt discontinuity of rock type, particularly common where faults cut reflecting interfaces.绕射：1.一切波（光波、无线电波、地震波、水面波等）都会出现的一种现象。参见惠更斯原理。2.来自岩性突变处，尤其是来自断层反射面处的散射地震能量。

diffraction stack: A weighted stack of all the elements of reflected energy along a diffraction curve which yields a migrated section (to the extent that the data were two-dimensional).A method of automatically migrating reflection seismic data.绕射叠加：沿绕射曲线所有反射能量的加权叠加从而得到一个偏移剖面（如果数据是二维的）。是一种自动偏移反射地震资料的方法。

dilatational wave: P-wave.膨胀波：P-波。

dispersion: 1.Distortion of the shape of a wave train because of the variation of velocity with frequency.The peaks and troughs may advance toward (or recede from) the beginning of the wave as it travels.Leads to the separation of group velocity u from phase velocity v.Where λ = wavelength and f = frequency, v = f/(1 /λ) u = df/d (1 /λ).

The dispersion of seismic body waves is very small under most circumstances, but surface waves may show appreciable dispersion in the presence of near-surface velocity layering.The dispersion of electromagnetic body waves is large in most earth materials.2.A statistical term for the amount of deviation of a value from the norm.扩散，频散：由于速度随频率的变化使得波列形态发生畸变。在传播过程中波峰和波谷相对于波端可能超前或后退。从而导致群速度u与相速度v彼此分开。v = f/(1 /λ)，u = df/d (1 /λ).其中λ为波长，f为频率。多数情况下，地震体波频散非常小，但是面波在近地表速度层的频散是非常明显的。电磁体波在多数土质材料中扩散是非常大的。2.计算偏离标准值程度的一个统计学术语。

display: A graphic representation of data, especially of seismic data.The historic display mode for seismic records graphs amplitude as a function of time for each geophone group output, giving wiggle trace or squiggle or conventional display.Variable area display in which the area under the wiggle trace is shaded (often involving a bias and trace clipping) has the advantage that coherent events are more evident.Variable density has also been used but requires very careful proceing to retain a full spectrum of gray shades.Superimposed modes or combined model which involve the use of both wiggle trace and variable area or variable density simultaneously retain many of the good features of each type display.Other display modes are also used.显示：数据资料特别是地震资料的图形显示。以前的地震记录图形显示方式是把每一组检波器的输出振幅作为时间的函数，给出波形道或波形曲线或常规显示。变面积显示是把波形道下的区域涂上阴影（通常加斜线和修饰线），这样就使相干同相轴显得更突出。变密度显示也是常被用到的，但它需要细心的处理来保留一个完整的灰色阴影频谱。叠加或组合的显示方式就是综合使用波形曲线和变面积或变密度两种方法，使得显示同时保留各种方式各自的优点。另外还有一些其它的显示方式。

diving waves: Refraction in a strong velocity-gradient zone may reverse the component of seismic rays in the downward direction and return them to the surface, where they may be observed (at offset ) as refraction arrivals even though they have no appreciable path through a distinctive refractor.If there are no velocity reversals, diving waves may be used to derive the velocity distribution by means of the Wiechert-Herglotz intergral.弓形射线波：强速度-梯度带中的折射波，使得向下传播的地震射线分量方向发生逆转并返回地表，且可能被看作折射波波至，尽管它们不是来自一个明显的折射层也没有明显的折射路径。如果没有速度逆转弓形射线波可以通维歇特-赫格劳兹积分求出速度分布。 Dix formula: For reflections from a sequence of flat, parallel layers, the velocity in the nth layer vn (interval velocity) is given by

2vn(vn2tnvn21tn1)(tntn1)

where vn1 and vn are the average velocities from the datum to reflectors above and below the layer and tn-1 and tn are reflection arrival times.This formula, is sometimes misused to calculate interval velocities in situations which do not satisfy Dix\'s aumptions.

Dix公式：对于来自水平层状介质的反射波，第n层的速度vn（层速度）由式：

2vn(vn2tnvn21tn1)(tntn1)

给出，其中vn1 和 vn为从基准面到反射层的上一层和下一层的平均速度，tn-1 和 tn是反射波到达时间。这一公式有时在不满足迪克斯（Dix）假设的情况下常被误用来计算层速度。

DSS: Deep seismic sounding; a long explosion seismic profile (usually refraction) which has the objective of studying the crust, Moho, and upper mantle.深地震测深：深层地震测深，一个很长的爆炸地震剖面（通常是折射剖面），其目的是为了研究地壳、莫霍面和上地幔。

dynamic corrections: Normal-moveout correction or corrections which depend on record time.动校正：正常时差校正或根据记录时间所进行的校正。 earthquake: Sudden movement of the earth resulting from faulting or volcanism.An earthquake is claified according to the depth of its focus or hypocenter: shallow 300 km (sometimes >450 km).The seismicity of an area is its likelihood of having earthquakes.Some of the energy released in an earthquake is radiated as seismic energy.天然地震：地球的突然震动，其结果是导致断裂运动或火山活动。天然地震根据震中或震源的深度进行分类：浅层 300 km (有时 >450 km)。某一地区的地震活动性就是该地区将要发生地震的可能性。天然地震所释放的部分能量也可被人工地震所利用。

earthquake seismology: Study of earthquakes and their resulting seismic waves as a means of understanding the structure of the earth.A schematic seismic record showing several of the wave arrivals from an earthquake is shown in Figure 65.The scheme for identifying different arrivals is discued under wave notation.Different types of waves may be detected at different distances.The time intervals between different arrivals depends on the distance from the earthquake hypocenter to the observing station.Intensity is a measure of the ground motion at a specific locality; magnitude is a measure of the energy released in the earthquake.天然地震测震学：对天然地震和其地震波进行研究从而进一步了解地球的内部结构。地震记录示意图如图65所示它可得到几个不同的波至。图中采用不同的震波符号来标识不同的波至。在不同的位置上可检测到不同类型的波。不同波至间的时间间隔取决于从震中到观测站之间的距离。地震烈度是某一区域地面运动的量度，地震震级则是地震所释放能量大小的量度。

elastic: Returning to its original shape after removal of distorting stre.The return of shape is complete and almost instantaneous rather than gradual.弹性的：在去除应力后，物体还能恢复原状的一种性质。物体形状的恢复是完全的而且几乎是瞬时的，而不是逐渐恢复原状。

elastic constants: Elasticity deals with deformations that vanish entirely upon removal of the strees which cause them.The paage of a seismic wave is an example.The general elasticity tensor relating stre and strain in anisotropic media poees 21 independent constants.In transversely isotropic media in which properties are the same measured in two orthogonal directions, these reduce to five independent constants.Isotropic media (properties the same measured in any direction) have only two independent elastic constants.For small deformations, Hooke\'s law holds and strain is proportional to stre.The elastic properties of isotropic materials which obey Hooke\'s law are specified by elastic moduli.These include the following: a.Bulk modulus k: The stre-strain ratio under simple hydrostatic preure: kp vvwhere ΔP = preure change, V = volume, and ΔV= change in volume.ΔV/V is called the dilation.The bulk modulus can be expreed in terms of other moduli as: k = E/3(l2σ )(l +σ) ]1/2, Vs = (μ/ ρ)]1/2= [E /2 ρ(l +σ) ]1/2,and Vp / Vs = [(0.5 -σ)/(l-σ) ]1/2.弹性常数：在去除应力后并使得由应力产生的形变完全消失时的弹性性质。以地震波所通过介质为例，在各向异性介质中与应力和应变有关的弹性张量具有21个独立的弹性常量。在横向各向同性介质中，在两个相互垂直的方向上性质相同，此时独立的弹性常量个数减少至5。而各向同性介质（在各个方向上测量的结果相同）只有2个独立的弹性常量。小形变情况下，虎克定律成立，应变与应力成正比。各向同性介质满足虎克定律，其弹性性质可用弹性模量来表示。它们包括a.体变模量k：受单位流体静压力时应力-应变的比值：

kp vv其中ΔP 为压力的变化量，V 为体积，ΔV 体积变化量.ΔV/V 称为膨胀度。体积模量也可由其它模量来表示：

k = E/3(l2σ )(l +σ) ]1/2 Vs = (μ/ ρ)]1/2= [E /2 ρ(l +σ) ]1/2 和

Vp / Vs = [(0.5 -σ)/(l-σ) ]1/2

elastic impedance: Seismic velocity multiplied by density.Reflection coefficient depends on changes in elastic impedance.Also called acoustic impedance.弹性阻抗：地震波速度乘以介质密度。反射系数随波阻抗变化而变化。也称为声阻抗。 elastic wave: An acoustic wave, seismic wave, or sonic wave.弹性波：一种声波或地震波。

electrodynamic geophone: Moving-coil geophone.电动检波器：动圈式检波器。

epicenter: The location on the earth\'s surface below which the first motion in an earthquake occurs.Compare hypocenter.震中：地球表面上某一位置处，当地震发生时其下面首先开始震动。参照震源。

event: A lineup on a number of traces which indicates the arrival of new seismic energy, denoted by a systematic phase or amplitude change on a seismic record arrival.May be a reflection, refraction, diffraction, or any other type of wavefront.同相轴：新的地震能量到达的多道记录线组成的排列。它由地震记录波至的系统相位或振幅变化来表示。可能是反射波、折射波、绕射波，或其它类型的波阵面。

expanding spread: 1.A spread moved to greater offsets for succeive shots from the same location so that the equivalent of many geophone groups is obtained from a single shot.used in refraction work, in noise analysis, and in velocity analysis.2.Depth probe.3.A Dix-type expanding spread is used in the field with the X2-- T2 velocity determination.

扩展排列：1.在同一位置逐次放炮同时使炮检距逐渐变大的排列。因此，等价于单炮激发，多检波器接收。常用于折射波勘探、噪声分析和速度分析。2.测深。3.迪克斯型扩展排列用于野外X2-- T2速度测定。

extended spread: In-line-offset spread.纵排列：纵测线偏移排列。

fathometer: A device for measuring water depth by timing sonic reflections from the water bottom; an echo sounder.水深计：通过计算声波从水底返回时间来测量水深的一种仪器；回声测深仪。

Fermat’s principle: The raypath which seismic energy will follow between two points is that for which the first order variation with all neighboring paths is zero.It is sometimes phrased as that path for which the traveltime is a minimum (or, in certain cases, a stationary value or a maximum) compared with all neighboring paths.If the intervening medium contains parts having different speeds, the path will not be straight, but will be such that the over-all traveltime is minimized (usually).The resulting raypath will be the least-time path or brachistochrone.Snell\'s law follows from Fermat\'s principle.

费马原理：两点之间地震波传播的射线路径，它与相邻路径的一阶差分为零。有时也可描述为与周围其它路径相比旅行时间最短（或特定情况，定值，或最大）的那条路径。如果两点之间的介质具有不同的速度，射线路径就不是直的，但尽管如此，仍使总的旅行时间最小的（一般来说）。其结果将是最小时间路径或最小时程。斯奈尔定律遵从费马原理。

first arrival: First break.初至：初至波。

first break: The first recorded signal attributable to seismic-wave travel from a known source.First breaks on reflection records are used for information about the weathering.Much refraction work is based principally on first breaks, although secondary (later) refraction arrivals are also used.Also ca1led first arrival.初至波：属于来自已知震源的地震波的第一个记录信号。反射波记录上的初至可用来获知岩层的风化信息。在折射波勘探中，虽然也用续至波，但多数主要还是使用初至波。

floating datum: A reference surface used in areas of rough topography.

浮动基准面：在起伏地形区使用的一个参考面。 flute: Mute.槽：切除。

focus: The location of the first rupture in an earthquake; the hypocenter.

震源：天然地震中首先破裂的地方；（地震）震源

fold: Common-depth-point multiplicity.Where the same CDP point is sampled at 12 offset distances, e.g., it is referred to as \"12-fold.\" See also folding.覆盖次数：共深度点多次覆盖。例如同一个CDP点以12个不同的炮检距进行采样，这就是所谓的12次覆盖。见folding叠加。

format: The arrangement of data (as on a magnetic tape) involving the placement of bits of different significance, number of bits per byte and bytes per word, parity, multiplexing arrangement, timing and gain information, record identification and other auxiliary data, gaps, start-stop codes, etc.Standard formats have been specified by the SEG.Specific computer systems may use their own format for proceing so that the first step with new data may be to reformat it.数据格式：数据（在磁带上）的排放形式，包括有效数字位置、每字节的位数和每字的字节数、奇偶校验位、多路编排、同步和增益信息、记录标识和其它辅助数据、间隔、起止位等等。勘探地球物理学家协会（SEG.）已给出了一个标准的数据格式。特定的计算机系统在处理数据时可能使用系统本身的数据格式，因此对于一组新的数据，第一步工作就是进行数据重排。

Gardner method: A refraction interpretation method which involves separating intercept time into constituent delay time aociated with the shot end and the geophone end of the trajectory.The separation is not unique unle some aumptions are made.Gardner\'s concept of delay time is central to other refraction methods.

加德纳法：一种折射地震的解释方法，其原理是将截距时间分解成与曲线轨迹的炮点尾端和检波器尾端有关的延迟时间。除非是在某一假设的前提下，否则分解的方法不是唯一的。 加德纳延迟时间原理是其它折射波法的核心。

gather: A display of the input data to a stacking proce rearranged so that all the seismic traces corresponding to some criterion are displayed side by side.Used for checking corrections and evaluating the components of the stack.A CDP gather displays data for the same reflecting point after correction for normal moveout and statics.A common-range gather displays data for the same offset but a number of nearby reflection points.道集：叠加处理输入数据的重新排列，以便使所有地震道按某一标准并排排列。用于核对校正和计算叠加分量。共深度点道集显示的是正常时差校正和静校正后的同一反射点的数据。而同偏移距道集是对炮检距相同的相邻几个反射点的数据进行重排。

geophone: The instrument used to transform seismic energy into an electrical voltage; a seismometer, a jug, or pickup.Most land geophones are of the moving-coil type.A coil is suspended by springs in a magnetic field (the magnet often is integral with the case of the instrument).A seismic wave moves the case and the magnet but the coil remains relatively stationary because of its inertia.The movement of magnetic field with respect to the coil generates a voltage acro the coil which is proportional to the difference between the velocity of the coil and the magnet.Thus over a region which is above the natural frequency, the voltage output is proportional to the velocity of the seismic wave motion and relatively insensitive to frequency.At frequencies below the natural frequency of the geophone, the output (for input of constant velocity of magnet motion) is proportional to frequency and hence to the acceleration involved in the seismic wave.地震检波器：把地震能量转换为电信号的一种仪器；地震计、检波器或拾音器。大多数陆上检波器都是动圈式检波器，线圈通过弹簧悬挂在磁场中（磁铁通常是和仪器外壳连在一起的）。外壳和磁铁随地震波而运动但线圈由于其本身的惯性仍保持相对静止。磁场相对于线圈的运动将在线圈内产生电压，该电压正比于线圈和磁铁的相对速度。因此在地震波频率大于检波器自然频率时，输出电压正比于地震波速度，和其频率关系不大。当频率低于检波器的固有频率时，输出（磁铁运动速度为常数）正比于地震波频率和其加速度。

geophone interval: 1.The distance between adjacent geophones within a group.2.Sometimes used for group interval, the separation between the centers of adjacent geophone groups.检波距：1.一组检波器中相邻检波器之间的距离。2.有时用于组合检波距，相邻检波器组合中心之间的间隔。

ground roll: Surface-wave energy which travels along or near the surface of the ground.Usually characterized by relatively low velocity and low frequency but high amplitude.Ground roll tends to mask desired signals; shot and geophone patterns, filtering, and stacking are used to discriminate against it.Rayleigh waves are usually the main source and ground roll is sometimes called pseudo-Rayleigh wave.地滚波：沿地表或近地表传播的面波。通常具有低速低频强振幅等特征。地滚波酷似有用信号；常用炮点检波点组合、滤波和叠加等方法对它进行区分。地滚波的主要成分是瑞雷波，有时也称伪瑞雷波。

group interval: The horizontal distance between the centers of adjacent geophone groups.

组合间距：相邻检波器组合中心之间的水平距离。

group velocity: The velocity with which the energy in a wave train travels.In dispersive media where velocity varies with frequency, the wave train changes shape as it progrees so that individual wave crests appear to travel at a different velocity (the phase velocity) than does the envelope of the wave train.The velocity of the envelope is the group velocity.

群速度：一组波列中能量的传播速度。在扩散介质中速度随频率变化而变化，随着波列向前推进其波形也发生变化，因此单个波峰的传播速度（相速度）与波列包络的速度不同。这里包络速度就是群速度。

guided wave: l.An interface wave or surface wave.2.A channel wave.导波：l.界面波或面波。2.槽波。

hammer: A hammer striking a steel plate is used as seismic source for shallow refraction measurements.The hammer incorporates a switch which starts a timer when the hammer strikes; the timer is stopped when energy received by a geophone reaches some threshold value.冲击锤：浅层折射法中用于锤击钢板来作为震源的锤。冲击锤装有一计时触发开关，当锤落下开始计时，当检波器接收到的能量达到某一阈值时计时停止。

head wave: A refraction wave or Mintrop wave; a wave characterized by entering and leaving the high-velocity medium at the critical angle.Particularly the wave which gives a refraction first break.首波：折射波或敏车普波；以临界角进入和离开高速层的波，尤其是产生第一个折射波初至的波。

hodograph: The figure described by the terminus of a moving vector. 矢端线：由变矢量端点所绘制的图形。

Hooke\'s law: Stre is proportional to strain.See elastic constants.虎克定律：应力和应变成正比。见弹性常数。 horizontal stacking: Common-depth-point stacking.水平叠加：共深度点叠加。

Huygens principle: The concept that every point on an advancing wavefront can be regarded as the source of a secondary wave and that a later wovefront is the envelope tangent to all the secondary waves.惠更斯原理：波前面上的每一点都可看作一个二次扰动的点震源，下一个波前面就是所有子波波前的包络。

impedance: l.The apparent resistance to the flow of alternating current, analagous to actual resistance in a dc circuit.The impedance is (in general) complex, of magnitude |Z| with a phase angle θ.These can be expreed in terms of the resistance R (in ohms), the inductive reactance Xi = 2πfL and the capacitive reactance Xc = 1 /2πfC

Z = [R2 + (Xi －Xc)2 ]1/2 ohms tan1XiXc Rf is frequency in hertz, L is inductance in henrys, and C is capacitance in farads.2.See acoustic impedance.3.In magnetotelluric exploration, if Ex is the electric-field component in an arbitrary horizontal direction and Hy is the magnetic-field aociated with it (in the orthogonal horizontal direction), the wave impedance (or field impedance or surface impedance) Zs is: Zs = Ex/Hy

The surface impedance is a complex number because of phase differences between Ex and Hy.Measurements of surface impedance versus frequency can be interpreted in terms of the electrical properties of the subsurface.阻抗：l.交流电的视电阻，与直流电的真实电阻类似。阻抗（一般来说）是复数，大小为|Z|，相位角为θ。它可电阻R（欧姆）、感抗Xi = 2πfL和容抗Xc = 1 /2πfC来表达：

Z = [R2 + (Xi －Xc)2 ]1/2 欧

XiXctanR1 其中频率f为赫兹，电感L为亨利，电容C为法拉。2.参见声阻抗。3.在大地电磁勘探中，如果Ex为任意水平方向的电场分量，Hy为与它相应的（水平正交方向）磁场分量，波阻抗（或场阻抗，或表面阻抗）Zs为：Zs = Ex/Hy。因为Ex 和 Hy的相位不同，所以表面阻抗为复数。表面阻抗相对频率的变化可用来表述地下电性。

incident angle: The angle which a raypath makes with a perpendicular to an interface, which is the same as that which a wavefront makes with the interface in isotropic media.入射角：射线和分界面的垂线所成的角，在均匀介质中，与波阵面和分界面所成的角相等。

interval velocity: Seismic-wave velocity measured over a depth interval.1.In sonic log determinations the interval may be 1 to 3 ft, in well shooting it may be 1000 ft or more.Usually refers to compreional velocity and usually implies measurements perpendicular to the bedding.2.Often used for velocity calculated by the Dix Formula from velocities measured from normal moveout.层速度：在一定的深度间隔上测得的地震波速度。1.声波测井的测定间隔为1到3英尺，地震测井的间隔则为1000英尺或更大。通常指纵波速度和特指垂直于层方向测得的速度。2.通常用于速度计算，先由正常时差进行速度测定，然后再经Dix公式进行计算。

Kirchoff diffraction equation: An expreion of the wave amplitude at a point P which is several wavelengths λ from a diffracting aperture in the plane B.If α and β are the angles between the normal to B and the rays from Q and P to B, the lengths of the rays being r and s, then the wave amplitude u at P can be expreed as an integral over the aperture area, dσ: ui21i(rs)/e(coscos)d rs基尔霍夫绕射方程：波在某点P的振幅表达式，P点到平面B上的绕射孔的距离为多个波长λ。如果α 和 β分别是Q 和 P到平面B的射线与B的法线的夹角，两射线的长度分别为r 和 s，则波在P点的振幅u可由对绕射孔面积dσ的积分来表示： ui21i(rs)/e(coscos)d rslaw of reflection: The angle of reflection = angle of incidence, for the same wave mode in an isotropic medium.This is a special case of Snell\'s law.The more general form of Snell\'s law must be used for the wave generated by mode conversion upon reflection.If ip is the incident angle for an incident P-wave (or is for an incident S-wave), then the angles of the reflected P-wave will be rp and the angle of the reflected S-wave will be rs:

sinipVpsiniinrpsinrs VsVpVswhere Vp is the P-wave velocity and Vs is the S-wave velocity.反射定律：在均匀介质中，同一波的反射角等于入射角。它是斯奈尔定律一种特殊情况。斯奈尔定律更一般的形式满足由反射波波型转换产生的转换波。如果一个入射P-波（或S-波）的入射角为ip，则反射P-波的反射角为rp，反射S-波的反射角为rs：

sinipVpsiniinrpsinrs VsVpVs其中Vp为P-波速度，Vs为S-波速度。

law of refraction: The sine of the angle of incidence is to the sine of the angle of refraction as the velocity of the incident wave is to the velocity of the refracted wave.Usually called Snell\'s law. 透射定律：入射角的正弦和透射角的正弦之比等于入射波和透射波速度之比。通常也称为斯奈尔定律。

least-time path: The path between two points which takes the least time to traverse (subject to certain constraints).The path which a seismic ray takes according to Fermat\'s principle.Also called minimum-time path or brachistochrone.The raypath will generally be curved or bent because of velocity variations.Also applicable to light rays, etc.最短时程：通过两点之间所需时间最短的那条路径（服从一定的约束条件）。满足费马原理的地震射线路径。也称为最小时程或最速路径。由于速度发生变化，射线路径一般都是弯曲的。同样适用与光射线等。

Lg-wave: \"Long\" surface waves including both Rayleigh wave and Love waves.Lg-波：“长”面波，包括瑞雷波和勒夫波。

longitudinal wave: P-wave or compreional wave.纵波：P-波或压缩波。

long-path multiple: A seismic reflection whose travel path is much longer than required for a primary reflection from the deepest interface reached.A long-path multiple tends to appear as a separate event rather than blending into the tail of the primary.For example, the energy might be reflected by a deep reflecting interface, then at or near the surface, and again by the same or another deep interface.See multiple.全程多次反射波：传播路径比来自最深界面的一次反射波路径长得多的地震反射波。长程多次波常以单独波至的形式出现而不是掺混在一次波的尾部。例如，来自某一深层反射界面的反射波在地表或近地表被反射回去，而在同一个或另一深层反射界面又一次被反射回来。参见多次波。

long wave: Surface wave.长波：面波。

love wave: A surface seismic wave aociated with layering, characterized by horizontal motion perpendicular to the direction of propagation with no vertical motion.Designated Q-wave, LQ-wave, G-wave, or SH-wave.Love waves may also be thought of as channel waves with the earth\'s surface the upper channel boundary.Total reflection occurs at the boundaries of the channel so that the waves represent energy traveling by multiple reflection.The energy builds up because of interference.Different interference modes are designated by the number of nodal planes within the layer but usually only zero mode is observed.The dispersion of Love waves can be used to calculate the thickne of the surface layer.Earthquake Love waves have velocities up to 4.5 km/sec, faster than Rayleigh waves.

勒夫波：与层状介质有关的一种地震面波，其特征为质点水平运动且与波传播方向垂直，不发生垂向运动。被命名为Q-波、LQ-波、G-波或SH-波。勒夫波也可看作是地表上部通道边界的槽波。所有反射都发生在孔道边界上，所以能量以多次反射的形式传播。由于干涉现象而使能量聚集。不同的干涉类型取决于层内的节面数，通常只能观测到零型干涉。勒夫波的频散可用来计算表层厚度。天然地震勒夫波的速度在4.5千米/秒以上，大于瑞雷波速度。 low-velocity layer: 1.Weathering; a near-surface belt of very low-velocity material.2.A layer of velocity lower than that of shallower refractors.See blind zone.3.The B-layer in the upper mantle from 60 to 250 km deep, where velocities are about 6 percent lower than in the outermost mantle.4.The region just inside the earth\'s core.低速层：1.风化层；近地表低速带。2.速度低于其上面折射层的地层。参见盲区。3.上地幔中从60到250千米深度的B-层，它的速度比最外面的地幔低6%。4.地核内部的区域。

marker bed: 1.A bed or sequence of beds which yields characteristic reflections over a more-or-le extensive area.2.A bed which accounts for a characteristic segment of a refraction time-distance curve and which can be followed over a reasonably extensive area.3.A bed with distinctive magnetic or electrical effects.标准层：在一个较大的范围内产生特征反射的一层或一组层。2.用来解释折射波时距曲线的特征段并且在更广范围也适用的层。3.具有明显磁效应或电效应的层。

migration: 1.Plotting of dipping reflections in their true spatial positions rather than directly beneath the point midway between the shotpoint and center of the geophone spread.Some automatic migration schemes utilize the complementary properties of wavefront curves and diffraction curves (curves of maximum convexity).An unmigrated event is tangent to a diffraction curve (which defines the particular diffraction curve) and its arrival time defines the wavefront.The migrated event lies at the other intersection of these two curves and is tangent to the wavefront curve.Migration often is limited to the plane of the section, although, properly, three-dimensional positions should be considered.2.Where the velocity varies laterally, data will migrate differently and ray tracing is used to determine the migrated positions.3.Movement of ions in a solution because of electric-field gradient.偏移，运移：倾斜反射点实际空间位置的展绘，而不是直接将炮点和检波器排列中心位置的中点下方作为反射点位置。一些自动偏移方法是利用波前曲线和绕射曲线（最大凸度曲线）的互补性质来实现的。偏移前的反射波同相轴与绕射曲线相切（由此可确定绕射曲线），而它的波至时间可确定波前面。偏移后的同相轴在两曲线的另一个交点上与波前面相切。偏移通常限制在剖面所在的二维平面内，然而，为了更准确，就应该考虑三维空间位置。2.速度发生横向变化会使偏移位置不同，通常采用射线追踪的方法来确定偏移位置。3.由于电场梯度的存在而使离子在溶液中发生运动。

minimum-phase: 1.A two-term wavelet or couplet (a, b) is minimum-phase if |a| >|b|.Same as minimum-delay.Any wavelet may be represented as the convolution of couplets; the wavelet is minimum-phase if all the couplets of which it is composed are minimum-phase.For examp1e, the z-transform of a wavelet might be 6+z-z2 which can be expreed as (3-z)(2+z), each of which is minimum-phase and hence the wavelet is minimum-phase.Minimum-phase is sometimes expreed as having all roots outside the unit circle in the z-plane or as having no zeros in the right half of the Laplace transform S-p1ane.2.A multichannel matrix of vectors is minimum-phase if its determinant (which can also be expreed as the product of couplets) is minimum-phase.A multichannel response produced by impulsive inputs might be: input

input channel 1

channel 2 output channel l(2z)(z)

output channel 2(1)(6z)which has the determinant 12 + 7z + z2 = (3 + z)(4+ z) which is minimum-phase; hence the multi-channel response is minimum-phase.The principal feature of minimum-phase is that the energy arrives in a burst which is not followed by a larger burst.3.A minimum-phase filler is that one of the set of poible filters with identical amplitude response, which delays the energy the least; it also is called the minimum-delay filter.If the input to a minimum-phase filter is itself minimum-phase, then the output will also be minimum-phase.Many of the filtering actions to which seismic signals are subjected are minimum-phase and much of the filtering done in digital proceing is minimum-phase.A minimum-phase wavelet is sometimes called front-loaded because its energy is concentrated in the front end of the pulse.Maximum-phase or maximum-delay is the other extreme, and mixed-phase is intermediate.

最小相位：一个二项子波或双根子波(a, b)，如果有|a| >|b，则它是最小相位的。与最小延迟相同。任一子波都可看作是双根的褶积。如果组成它的所有根都是最小相位的，则该子波也是最小相位的。例如，一个子波的Z变换为6+z-z2，也可写作(3-z)(2+z)，它的每一项都是最小相位的，因此该子波是最小相位的。最小相位有时也可描述为在Z平面内的所有根都在单位圆外或拉普拉斯变换S平面的右半平面无零点。2.如果多道矩阵向量的行列式（即根的乘积）是最小相位的，则该矩阵向量是最小相位的。脉冲输入的多道响应为：

输入

输入

通道 1 通道2

(z)输出通道 l(2z)

(6z)输出通道 2(1)它的行列式12 + 7z + z2 = (3 + z)(4+ z)是最小相位的，因此该多道响应也是最小相位的。最小相位的主要特征是波至能量是一个脉冲而不是紧随其后还有一个更大的脉冲。3.最小相位滤波器是一套等幅响应的物理可实现滤波器，它的能量延迟最小，也称为最小延迟滤波器。如果最小相位滤波器的输入信号本身就是最小相位的，则输出信号也将是最小相位的。多数地震信号的滤波和数字滤波都属于最小相位滤波。最小相位子波也叫前载子波，因为它的能量主要集中在脉冲的前端。最大相位或最大延迟是能量集中的另一种极限情况，混合相位则介于两者之间。

multiple: Seismic energy which has been reflected more than once.lf this definition is strictly adhered to, virtually all seismic energy involves multiples, and primary energy which has been reflected only once is scarcely observable.The important distinction is between long-path and short-path multiples: a long-path multiple arrives as a distinct event whereas a short-path multiple arrives so soon after the primary that it merely adds tail to the primary.Usually it does not matter whether the reflections being mapped are primary but rather whether their attitude is indicative of the attitude of the appropriate portion of the section, so that the tailing produced by the many short-path peg-leg multiples does not detract seriously.The attitude of long-path multiples is not apt to be representative of the portion of the section aociated with their arrival time.Usually the long-path multiples have traveled more in the slower (shallower) part of the section than primaries with the same arrival time, so that they ordinarily show more normal moveout and can be attenuated by CDP stacking.

多次波：经多次反射的地震波能量。如果严格按照定义来说，实际上所有地震波均包括多次波，一次反射能量很难观测到。全程多次波和短程多次波的主要区别是：全程多次波具有明显的同相轴，而短程多次波紧随着一次波而到达，仅仅是给一次波加了一个尾巴。通常，所要成图的反射波是否是一次波无关紧要，而它们的形态是否能表示剖面的部分形态却是非常重要的。所以，短程微屈多次反射波产生的拖尾对剖面质量的影响不大。而全程多次波的形态就不能代表与波至时间有关的剖面部分的形态。通常相同的波至时间，全程多次波在剖面的低速（浅层）部分的传播路程比一次波要长，因此它们表现出更大的正常时差，这可以通过共深度点叠加来压制。

multiple coverage: Seismic arrangement whereby the same portion of the subsurface is involved in several records, as with CDP shooting.The redundancy of measurements permits various types of noise to be attenuated in proceing.多次覆盖：当采用共深度点放炮时，使得多道记录都能记录到地下相同部分信息的地震排列方式。这种冗余测量可使各种类型的噪声在处理时得到削弱。

multiplex: 1.A proce which permits transmitting several channels of information over a single channel without crofeed.Usually different input channels are sampled in sequence at regular intervals and the samples are fed into a single output channel.Digital tapes are sometimes multiplexed in this way.Multiplexing can also be done by using different carrier frequencies for different information channels.2.A stereoscopic plotting instrument used in preparing topographic maps by stereophotogrammetry.多路传输，多倍仪：在单个通道上传输多道信号并使它们不发生串音的一种传输方式。通常不同道的输入信号按顺序以固定间隔进行采样，然后被注入单个输出通道进行传输。数字磁带往往以这种方式进行多路编排。多路传输也可采用对不同信道使用不同载频的方式进行。2.一种立体测图仪，它通过立体摄影测量来绘制地形图。

multiplexed format: A sequence of data in which the first sample of channel 1 is followed by the first sample of channel 2, then the first sample of channel 3, etc., until the first sample of all channels is given; then follows the second sample of channel 1, the second sample of channel 2, etc.As opposed to trace-sequential format in which the first sample of channel 1 is followed by the second sample of channel 1, etc., until all of channel 1 is given, followed by channel 2, etc.If such an array of data is thought of as a matrix, then multiplexed format may be thought of as reading by columns and trace-sequential format as reading by rows.The data output of digital recording equipment is in multiplexed format whereas most data proceing is done in trace-sequential format.Converting from the one format to the other is one of the first steps in data proceing and usually part of the edit routine.Such a format conversion is called matrix transposition.多路编排格式：数据排列次序为：通道1的第一个采样，跟着是通道

2、通道3的第一个采样等等，直到所有通道的第一个采样都给出后，接下来是通道

1、通道2的第二个采样等等。它和道序传输格式相反，道序传输格式为：通道1的第一个采样，跟着是通道1的第二个采样，直到通道1的所有采样都给出，然后是通道2的所有采样等等。如果把一组数据编排看作一个矩阵，那么多路编排格式可以认为是按列读取，而道序传输格式是按行读取的。数字记录装置的输出数据是多路编排格式的，而大多数数据处理都是按道序传输格式进行的。数据处理首先要做的工作之一就是将数据从一种格式转换成另一种格式，这也是编辑程序的一部分。这种格式转换也称为矩阵转置。 mute: To change the relative contribution of the components of a record stack with record time.In the early part of the record the long offset traces may be muted or excluded from the stack because they are dominated by refraction arrivals or because their frequency content after NMO correction is appreciably lower than other traces.The transition where they begin to contribute may be either abrupt or gradual.A large abrupt transition introduces frequencies which may not be otherwise present and may distort the design criteria for a deconvolution operator.Muting may be done over certain time intervals to keep ground roll, air waves, or noise bursts out of the stack.For this last function, compare diversity stack.Also called fade.切除：改变时间叠加记录成分的相对贡献值。大偏移距记录道的前部往往在叠加前被切除，这是因为它们主要是折射波分布区或因为动校正后使其频率成分比其它道的低。记录道何时被切除可能是突然的，也可能是渐变的。突然的转变将引入本来不存在的频率成分，这会影响反褶积算子的设计准则。切除可以通过一定的时间间隔来使地滚波、空气波或其它噪声不参与叠加。对最后这一功能，请参照多样化叠加。也叫噪声衰减。

NMO: Normal moveout.NMO: 正常时差。

normal incidence: A wavefront striking an interface broadside; i.e., so that the angle between the wavefront and the interface (angle of incidence) is zero.法向入射：波阵面穿过分界面的侧面，因此波阵面和分界面的夹角（入射角）为零。

normal moveout: The variation of reflection arrival time because of variation in the shotpoint-to-geophone distance (offset).Normal moveout depends on velocity and (to a leer extent) dip as well as offset and decreases with reflection time.Many velocity analysis methods are based on normal-moveovt measurements.To the extent that long-path multiples travel at a lower average velocity than primary reflections for the same arrival time (because velocity usually increases with depth), they will show greater normal moveout and can be attenuated by common-depth-point stacking.Offset sometimes is thought of as an independent variable and normal moveout is illustrated in offset space.正常时差：由于炮点到检波点之间的距离（炮检距）的不同而产生的反射波至时间变化。正常时差依赖于地层速度和倾角（在更小的范围内）以及炮检距，且随反射时间的增加而减小。很多速度分析法都是以正常时差测量为基础的。对于全程多次波来说，在与一次波旅行时间相同的情况下，它们传播的平均速度却比一次波慢（因为速度随深度而增加），那么它们的正常时差将比一次波大。因此全程多次波可通过共深度点叠加进行压制。往往炮检距被看作是自变量，正常时差是在炮检距空间来描述的。

offset: l.The distance from the shotpoint to the center of the nearest geophone group.Often resolved into components: perpendicular offset, the distance at right angles to the spread line, and inline offset, the distance from the projection of the shotpoint onto the line of the spread.2.The perpendicular offset only.3.The distance between the shotpoint and the center of any geophone group.4.The distance between the shopoint and any geophone.5.Some times (in refraction work) the displacement.6.In marine shooting, the distance from the recording boat where the radio-location equipment is usually located to the mid-point of the subsurface coverage; stepback.7.Displacement of the plot of a reflection to its proper position on a cro-section; migration.8.Displacement of a formerly contiguous body.炮检距，偏移距，补偿：l.从炮点到最近的检波器组合中心之间的距离。通常被分解为：垂直偏移距，与测线排列的垂直距离；同线偏移距，炮点在测线上的投影到检波器排列之间的距离。2.仅指垂直偏移距。3.从炮点到任意检波器组合中心之间的距离。4.从炮点到任意检波点之间的距离。5.（折射波法中的）平移断层。6.海上放炮时，从无线电定位装置所在的记录船到地下覆盖段中点之间的距离；即回步。7.横剖面上反射曲线到其确切位置之间的距离；即偏移量。8.对以前邻接体的置换。

onset: The beginning of a wave train.See break.波端：一个波列的开始部分。参见波至。

phase velocity: 1.The velocity with which any given phase (such as a trough or a wave of single frequency) travels; may differ from group velocity because of dispersion.Sometimes called trough velocity or peak velocity.2.Apparent velocity.相速度：1.任一给定相位（如波谷或单频波）的传播速度，由于频散，可能与群速度不同。有时也称为波谷速度或波峰速度。2.视速度。

plane wave: Having wavefronts which are planar (with no curvature), as might originate from a very remote source.A common aumption in seismic and electromagnetic wave analyses which is not strictly true in actual situations.平面波：波阵面是平面（无弯曲）的波，如震源很远的波。地震波和电磁波研究中的常用假设形式，严格来讲实际情况并不是这样。

point source: 1.A source whose actual size is unimportant as far as the effects being observed are concerned.2.A single current electrode whose companion is a great distance away, such as the current pole of the pole-pole or pole-dipole arrays.点源：与所引起的效应相比，其大小并不重要的一种震源。2.与另一电极距离很远的单供电电极，如单极-单极排列或单极-偶极排列的供电方式。

Poion\'s ratio: The ratio of the transverse contraction to the longitudinal extension when a rod is stretched:

d/d

L/Lwhere Δd = change in diameter d and ΔL = the change in the length L.See also elastic constant.The ratio of the velocities of P- and S-waves, Vp and Vs can be expreed in terms of Poion\'s ratio: Vp2(1)Vs121/2 For liquids σ = 1/2 and Vs vanishes.泊松比：当一杆被拉伸时，它的横向收缩和纵向伸长之比：

d/d

L/L其中Δd是直径d的变化量，ΔL是长度L的改变量，见弹性常数。P- 波和S-波的速度Vp 和 Vs之比可用泊松比来表示：

Vp2(1)Vs121/2

液体的泊松比为σ = 1/2，Vs消失。

porosity: Pore volume per unit volume of formation.Often indicated by the symbol Φ.Porosity is determined from cores or from sonic logs (see Wyllie relationship), from density logs, from neutron logs, or from resistivity logs (see Archie\'s formula).See also movable oil plot.Primary porosity refers to the porosity remaining after the sediments have been compacted but without considering changes because of subsequent chemical action or flow of waters through the sediments.Secondary porosity is the additional porosity created by subsequent chemical changes, especially fiures, fractures, solution vugs, and porosity created by dolomitization.Effective porosity is the porosity available to free fluids, excluding unconnected porosity and space occupied by bound water and dieminated shale.孔隙度：单位体积岩层中空隙所占的体积。常用符号Φ表示。孔隙度可由岩芯或声波测井（见威利关系式）、密度测井、中子测井以及电阻率测井（见阿尔奇公式）等进行测定。也可见油气运移图。原生孔隙度指的是沉积物被压实后仍保留的空隙度，但它由于随后的化学作用或有水的流过而没有发生太大变化。次生孔隙度则是由后生化学变化，特别是裂隙、断裂、溶洞和白云石化作用而产生的附加孔隙度。有效孔隙度是指适用自由流体的空隙度，它不包括不连通的空隙度和周围水以及浸染泥岩占有的空隙度。

Primary reflection: Energy which has been reflected only once and hence is not a multiple.Strictly speaking, primary reflections are virtually undectable because they contain so little energy and short-path multiples usually are included.一次反射：只经过一次反射的波而不是多次波。严格来讲，实际上检测不到一次反射波，因为它们的能量很小且包含短程多次波。

primary wave: P-wave or longitudinal wave.一次波：P-波或纵波。

P-wave: An elastic body wave in which particle motion is in the direction of propagation.The type of seismic wave aumed in conventional seismic exploration.Also called compreional wave, longitudinal wave, primary wave, preure wave, dilatational wave, and irrotational wave.In an isotropic homogeneous solid, the P-wave velocity Vp can be expreed in terms of the elastic constants and the density:

Vp = [ (λ +2μ )/ρ ]1/2

=[E(l - σ)/ρ(1-2σ)(l +σ)]1/2, where λ and μ are Lame\'s constants, E is Young\'s modulus, k is the bulk modulus, and σ is Poion\'s ratio.See also wave

第16篇：地震英语作文

地震英语作文

Strong earthquake damage so large, to show once again brought out.In the vicinity of the epicenter, and in some cities and villages, many houses collapsed and damaged roads, telecommunications disruption, many schools and hospitals have become ruins.Human vibrant homes, Zhuanshun between appalling.

This is a natural disaster caused by difficult to avoid the tragedy, it is sad.And this kind of tragedy, and in fact the long history of human companions, Ruyingsuixing.Far not said that the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, despite the past 32 years but has remained a matter of fear.In 1998 the major flood disaster in 2003, the atypical pneumonia crisis, the end of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the recent tropical storm in Myanmar, have caused a large number of casualties and property loes.Human nature is no stranger to disaster, but when Wenchuan earthquake and the plain reality of the time, the natural power of human beings before the fragile, exposed completely.

Wenchuan earthquake, the people to disaster areas has caused tremendous physical and mental suffering, but also makes the map as a small region, the people throughout the country the most about the place.As a so-called human life, compatriots suffering in some of the time, the country’s grief out of the full performance.The international community has also expreed concern about the rapid and condolences.

When a major earthquake has occurred, and aftershocks continued, the key word at this time only a matter of fact the word save and aistance.In a sense, the aistance is also save an integral part.There is no doubt that relief has become China’s current government and the people most important task.

Disaster relief to save what? This seems to be without a thought.But in fact, the true meaning of disaster relief must be clarified.The primary task of relief, when in order to save lives.Compared with the life, property lo and post-disaster reconstruction and so has been relatively minor, or that include the rescue of property and the seismic reflection of the problem, should be moved back to save lives extremely important After that.

In the earthquake disaster site to direct rescue of Premier Wen Jiabao said a word, as long as both hands, will be able to rebuild their homes - these words to the real interpretation of the true meaning of the disaster.In other words, this is also the Chinese government will as a primary task of saving the idea of the source.That is only one life, not to the other of alternative, the response must be to the fastest speed, with the GREatest efforts, even at the cost to take any means, at any cost, the disaster areas to save people’s lives.

This means that the government-led rescue system should be the focus fell on the lives of the rescue.With the paage of time, the number of casualties will also continue to increase.Safety of the lives of tens of thousands of people, in fact, the most severe disaster order.As long as there’s hope that the front line, who must rescue efforts to hundredfold, from the ruins in search for poible survivors, from under collapsed buildings in a rescue every life.

It should be noted that not only rely on relief confidence, courage and a spirit of solidarity, but also rely on the profeional rescue teams and technical configuration.Although available for disaster relief to everyone, but under certain conditions, relief is also a live technical, profeional and strong, high-risk, large amount of labor.Can not fail to mention that Chinese soldiers once again played a steel wall role in the relief difficult conditions, the elite combat units in the affected areas to give full expreion to the mighty army of glory.The young Chinese soldiers in the affected areas of the rescue scenario is indeed deeply felt the blood is thicker than water like fish and water deeply.

Will save lives as the overriding priority, also means that aid must race against time, and death race.Those dying in the ruins of the life, is eagerly awaited relief.Time is life, meaning, at this point has been the most vivid expreion.Early into the second relief to the affected areas, we can save a life back.In the epicenter of local traffic inconvenience or even interrupted the circumstances, Premier Wen Jiabao asked the rescue team is to walk as soon as poible into the most affected areas, highlighted the earthquake relief the importance of the concept of time.

It should also be noted that the earthquake disaster relief is not just a matter of the Government.As the face of ever, a major natural disaster, the government’s influence, life-saving operations, but also relies on public and non-governmental organizations surmount.Including encouraging the spirit of the people of disaster areas, material support, including positive and practical actions, such as blood donation, both will have a positive effect rescue operations.Wenchuan after the earthquake, many enterprises and individuals, has begun an emergency donation of property, to the most needed areas.Non-disaster areas the people’s bleings and encouragement, people have fully felt the warmth and firm national strength. No Valentine’s love of natural disasters.In a battle to save the lives of all people, the victory will come after a disaster test of the Chinese nation.强地震的破坏力如此之大，又一次淋漓尽致地呈现出来。在震中以及附近的一些城市与乡村，许多房屋倒塌，道路毁坏，电信中断，不少学校与医院成了废墟。人类生机勃勃的家园，转瞬之间惨不忍睹。

这是一场由自然灾难造成的难以躲避的悲剧，令人悲痛。而这样的悲剧，事实上与人类漫长的历史相伴，如影随形。远的不说，1976年的唐山大地震，尽管已经过去32年，但至今依然令人心有余悸。1998年的特大洪涝灾害、2003年的“非典”危机、2004年底的印度洋海啸，以及最近发生在缅甸的热带风暴，都造成了大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。人类对于自然灾难并不陌生，但是，当汶川大地震现实地摆在眼前的时候，人类在自然威力前的脆弱，显露无遗。

汶川大地震，给灾区的民众造成了巨大的身心痛苦，也使得地图上那样一个狭小的区域，成为全国人民最为牵挂的地方。所谓人命关天，在部分同胞受难之时，举国的悲恸充分表现了出来。国际社会也迅速表达了关切与慰问。

当一场大地震已经发生，而且余震不断，此时的关键词其实只剩下两个字，即“救”与“援”。某种意义上，“援”也是“救”的组成部分。毫无疑问，救灾已成为当前中国政府与民众最为重要的任务。

救灾救什么？这似乎是一个无须思考的问题。但事实上，救灾的真义必须得到厘清。救灾的第一要务，当为拯救生命。与生命相比，财产的损失与灾后的重建等都已经相对次要，或者说，包括抢救财产以及对于地震中出现问题的反思等，都应该退到“拯救生命”这一极端重要的议题之后。

在地震灾害现场指挥抢救的温家宝总理说过一句话，“只要有双手，家园就能重建”——这句话真切地诠释出了救灾的真义所在。换言之，这也是中国政府将救人作为首要任务的理念之源。正因为生命只有一次，无法以其他之物替代，故救灾者必须以最快的速度，以最大的努力，甚至不惜采取任何手段，“不惜任何代价”，拯救灾区民众的生命。

这意味着，以政府为主导的救援体系须将重心落在对生命的挽救上。随着时间的推移，伤亡数字也将会不断增加。数万人的生命安危，其实就是最严厉的灾情命令。只要有一线的希望，救援者就必须以百倍的努力，从废墟中寻找可能的生还者，从正在倒塌的建筑物中抢救出每一个生命。

应该看到，救灾不仅依赖信心、勇气与团结的精神，也依赖专业的救援队伍与技术配置。尽管人人都可为救灾尽力，但在一定条件下，救灾又是一个技术活，专业性强、风险度高、劳动量大。不能不提到，中国军人又一次发挥了“钢铁长城”的作用，在艰苦的救灾条件下，作战在灾区的精锐部队充分体现出了威武之师的雄风。年轻的中国军人在灾区救援的情景，确实令人深切地感到了血浓于水的鱼水深情。

将拯救生命视为压倒一切的首要任务，也意味着，救援者必须争分夺秒，与死神赛跑。那些废墟里奄奄一息的生命，正在急切地等待救助。“时间就是生命”的含义，在此时也得到了最真切地体现。救援者早一秒进入受灾地区，就能早抢救出一个生命。在震中地区交通不便甚至中断的情况下，温家宝总理要求救援队伍“就是步行也要尽快进入受灾最严重的地区”，突出强调了地震救援之时间概念的重要性。

还应该看到，地震救灾不仅仅是政府之事。如同面对以往任何一场重大自然灾害一样，在政府之力之外，拯救生命的行动，还依赖于民众与非政府机构众志成城。包括给予灾区人民的精神激励、物质的支持，以及包括积极献血等切实的行动等，均会对救援行动产生积极效果。汶川大地震发生之后，不少企业与个人，已开始紧急捐赠财物，运往最需要的地方。非灾区民众发出的祝福与鼓励，已让人充分感受到了温暖而坚定的民族力量。

天灾无情人有情。在一场拯救生命的全民战斗中，胜利终将属于历经灾难考验的中华民族。

第17篇：地震英语表达

地震英语词汇

aftershock余震

airdropped goods空投物资

armed police武警

casualties伤亡人数

charity organization慈善组织

charity performance义演

cla resumption复课

cla suspension停课

collapsed building倒塌房屋

death toll死亡人数

debris / rubble废墟

earthquake-hit region受灾地区

earthquake monitoring地震监控

earthquake relief抗震救灾

emergency measure紧急措施

epicenter震中

eentials /neceities生活必需品

evacuation evacuee 撤离者,疏散者撤离

field hospital野战医院

first-aid急救

fundraise:raise money for a cause or project募捐

green channel绿色通道(China\'s banking regulators Wednesday ordered all the banks to open a \"green channel\" disaster relief donations from home and abroad and scrape the remittance charge.银监会周三要求各银行金融机构开辟抗震救灾捐款快速通道，不得向境内外汇往灾区的捐款收取手续费。)

international aid国际援助

international maritime 海的,海上的,海事的satellite telephone国际海事卫星电话

landslide山体滑坡

life detector生命探测器

life line生命线

makeshift临时措施

a.临时的house 简易房屋

medical team医疗队

mud flow泥石流debris flow

national mourning day国家哀悼日

Non-Governmental Organization(NGO)非政府组织

power restoration恢复供电

prime time for rescue救援黄金时间

relief materials救灾物资

rescue effort救援行动

rescue team救援队

rescue worker救援人员

Richter Scale里氏震级

search and rescue work搜救行动

seismographer [ saiz\'mɔgrəfə ] .地震学家

sniffer 嗅探者,嗅探器 dog / rescue dog / search dog救援犬

survivor幸存者

temporary shelter camp临时避难所

trapped person被困人员

victims受灾群众

civic 公民的

It\'s a civic pride to have a champion.

拥有世界冠军是我们每个公民的骄傲。

cyclone 飓风

daunting 使人畏缩的The prospect of meeting the President is quite daunting.

一想到要会见总统就足以令人心悸.dire 迫切的可怕的,悲惨的,阴惨的They are in a dire extremity.他们在悲惨的穷途末路。

dub 授予称号

fragile 虚弱的

hitch 搭便车

junta 军政府

impel 激励

mobilize 动员

orphan 孤儿

philanthropy 善心

tremor 震动

unprecedented 史无前例的

hands-on

亲自动手的

He adopts a hands-on approach to solving the company\'s financial problems.

他亲自动手解决公司的财务问题。

表示地震的词：

earthquake

quake

shake

shock

tremor

temblor [美语] (pl.-s, -blores )

（地震）发生于...：

hit...袭击，打击，使遭受

strike...突然发生

shake...摇；摇动；摇撼

jolt...使颠簸，摇晃

rock...摇，摇动，使振动

roll acro...波动，起伏，横摇

rip through...裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯

破坏程度（小→大）

damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏。

destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残。

shatter .破坏；捣毁；破灭。

devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭。

level 推倒，夷平。

flatten 夷为平地。

地震学相关词汇：

seismological 地震学上的

seismology 地震学

seismograph 地震仪

seismographer 地震学家

aftershock 余震

smaller tremors 小地震

epicenter 震中

magnitude 震级

Richter Scale(1—10) 里氏震级

earthquake monitoring 地震监控

tsunami 海啸

tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统

tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮

natural disaster 自然灾害

tragedy 灾难

wreckage 残骸

death toll 死亡人数

survivors 幸存者

victims 受灾者

international contributions 国际援助

evacuation 撤离

rescue team 救援小组

China has mobilized动员 130,000 army and paramilitary[ ,pærə\'militəri ] 准军事性的,起军事辅助作用的 troops 准军事部队to the disaster area, but the quake buckled roads and triggered mountain landslides, meaning that relief supplies and rescuers have struggled to reach the worst-hit areas.Mobilize是一个平时不太常用的单词

地震灾难发生之后，全世界对于中国政府mobilize抗震救灾力量的效率给予了好评，我们也可以对mobilize有一个全新的认识与了解。

中国政府此次动员的抗震救灾力量主要来自军警，上述文字中的

paramilitary troops就是“准军事部队”的意思，也就是警察，包括武警。Paramilitary是西方国家通常用来表达警察和武警部队的英语词汇，在我国的汉英词典中，“武警”的译文通常是armed police，但这个表达远不如

paramilitary在英语国家中用的普遍。中国政府此次出动的抗震救灾力量中除了军人之外还有大量武警、森林警察、消防警察和普通公安干警，这些警力在英语中可以统称为paramilitary troops。

Buckled roads就是“阻挡道路”的意思，其中buckle这个单词在这里使用得十分生动形象，因为“阻挡道路”我们一般是表达为block road的，而buckle的意思是“使扭曲”，“使弯曲”，“使变形”，对于在汶川地震中毁坏的公路来说，buckle这个词显然是再形象不过的了。

triggered mountain landslides就是“引发山体滑坡”的意思，其中的mountain landslide就是“山体滑坡”的意思。slide属于美国英语用法，指的是(土、石、雪等的)崩落，崩塌。常见派生用法有landslide(山崩，滑坡，塌方)，mud slide就是“泥石流”。Trigger这个词用在这里也十分形象，因为它通常表示由于外来力量的作用而造成的某种后果。

在美联社的另外一篇报道中，“引发”的英语对应词汇用的spark，其释义与trigger相似，如A strong aftershock sparked landslides near the epicenter of this week\'s powerful earthquake Friday, burying vehicles and again cutting off ravaged areas of central China.

我们抗震救灾中所急需的各类“救灾物资”就是relief supplies。说到与“救”相关的词汇，我们往往会条件反射想到save，其实不然。在各种灾难救援行动中，rescue是一个更常用的词汇，下文的rescuers就是“救援人员”的意思，而“救援行动”本身在英语中就是relief。“救援人员”还可以表达为

relief workers，如美联社的这篇报道中就提到了以下一句话：Relief workers said food, water and tents were urgently needed.上文中的worst-hit areas指的就是此次地震灾害中受灾最严重的地区，比如说汶川，北川和青川等地。 此次汶川地震造成的严重后果之一就是大量人员、尤其是正在学校上学的孩子们被掩埋在建筑物坍塌之后的废墟之中，在表示“废墟”的时候，英语中通常使用debris和rubble这两个单词。

如美联社的这篇报道提到：Rescuers saved a child from the debris of a school in the town of Beichuan 80 hours after the quake struck.They said they could hear weak calls for help from amid the rubble, Xinhua said.其中，debris所涵盖的范围比rubble更广泛，它可以泛指一切物体解体之后形成的碎片或者残骸，比如说飞机发生空难之后的残骸the debris of a plane，又如，The beach was littered with debris(海滩上到处都是残骸)。必须指出的是，debris是不可数名词。相对而言，rubble用在此次

Below is a special report on the earthquake and the rescue operations taking place.

Rescue efforts are underway in China\'s Sichuan province following

Monday\'s devastating earthquake 灾难性的地震, which measured 7.8 on the Richter Scale 里氏震级.

According to Xinhua news agency, nearly 15,000 people have died in the disaster, with as many as 24,000 more trapped under rubble 碎石，碎砖 from collapsing buildings and another 14,000 declared miing 申报失踪.Prime Minister Wen Jiabao has visited the area to personally oversee relief work （抗震）救灾工作, and is flying to the epicentre 震中 of the earthquake today.

Chinese troops have been mobilised 调动 to carry out rescue operations and emergency aid 紧急救护 has been air-dropped 空降 into areas that have been cut off by the disaster.

Bad weather has hampered 阻碍 relief efforts and in some cases rescuers have had to trek into the disaster area 受灾地区 by foot and search for trapped survivors 生还者 by hand as roads have been blocked by debris 瓦砾碎片.

Some residents of the provincial capital 首府 Chengdu have chosen to sleep in tents and government shelters for fear of aftershocks 余震 causing more damage.

One witne in Chengdu told the BBC the city\'s population is helping the relief work by donating 捐献 food and water for those affected in the surrounding countryside.

Financial aid 经济救助 has been pouring in 大量涌进 from all over China, with the Chinese government pledging hundreds of millions of dollars.Substantial donations from other countries and humanitarian

organizations have also been pledged 承诺，给予（援助）.

第18篇：地震英语作文

Strong earthquake damage so large, to show once again brought out.In the vicinity of the epicenter, and in some cities and villages, many houses collapsed and damaged roads, telecommunications disruption, many schools and hospitals have become ruins.Human vibrant homes, Zhuanshun between appalling.

This is a natural disaster caused by difficult to avoid the tragedy, it is sad.And this kind of tragedy, and in fact the long history of human companions, Ruyingsuixing.Far not said that the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, despite the past 32 years but has remained a matter of fear.In 1998 the major flood disaster in ～, the atypical pneumonia crisis, the end of ～ Indian Ocean tsunami and the recent tropical storm in Myanmar, have caused a large number of casualties and property loes.Human nature is no stranger to disaster, but when Wenchuan earthquake and the plain reality of the time, the natural power of human beings before the fragile, exposed completely.

Wenchuan earthquake, the people to disaster areas has caused tremendous physical and mental suffering, but also makes the map as a small region, the people throughout the country the most about the place.As a so-called human life, compatriots suffering in some of the time, the countrys grief out of the full performance.The international community has also expreed concern about the rapid and condolences.

When a major earthquake has occurred, and aftershocks continued, the key word at this time only a matter of fact the word save and aistance.In a sense, the aistance is also save an integral part.There is no doubt that relief has become Chinas current government and the people most important task.

Disaster relief to save what » This seems to be without a thought.But in fact, the true meaning of disaster relief must be clarified.The primary task of relief, when in order to save lives.Compared with the life, property lo and post-disaster reconstruction and so has been relatively minor, or that include the rescue of property and the seismic reflection of the problem, should be moved back to save lives extremely important After that.

In the earthquake disaster site to direct rescue of premier Wen Jiabao said a word, as long as both hands, will be able to rebuild their homes - these words to the real interpretation of the true meaning of the disaster.In other words, this is also the Chinese government will as a primary task of saving the idea of the source.That is only one life, not to the other of alternative, the response must be to the fastest speed, with the GREatest efforts, even at the cost to take any means, at any cost, the disaster areas to save peoples lives.

This means that the government-led rescue system should be the focus fell on the lives of the rescue.With the paage of time, the number of casualties will also continue to increase.Safety of the lives of tens of thousands of people, in fact, the most severe disaster order.As long as theres hope that the front line, who must rescue efforts to hundredfold, from the ruins in search for poible survivors, from under collapsed buildings in a rescue every life.

It should be noted that not only rely on relief confidence, courage and a spirit of solidarity, but also rely on the profeional rescue teams and technical configuration.Although available for disaster relief to everyone, but under certain conditions, relief is also a live technical, profeional and strong, high-risk, large amount of labor.Can not fail to mention that Chinese soldiers once again played a steel wall role in the relief difficult conditions, the elite combat units in the affected areas to give full expreion to the mighty army of glory.The young Chinese soldiers in the affected areas of the rescue scenario is indeed deeply felt the blood is thicker than water like fish and water deeply.

Will save lives as the overriding priority, also means that aid must race against time, and death race.Those dying in the ruins of the life, is eagerly awaited relief.Time is life, meaning, at this point has been the most vivid expreion.Early into the second relief to the affected areas, we can save a life back.In the epicenter of local traffic inconvenience or even interrupted the circumstances, premier Wen Jiabao asked the rescue team is to walk as soon as poible into the most affected areas, highlighted the earthquake relief the importance of the concept of time.

It should also be noted that the earthquake disaster relief is not just a matter of the Government.As the face of ever, a major natural disaster, the governments influence, life-saving operations, but also relies on public and non-governmental organizations surmount.Including encouraging the spirit of the people of disaster areas, material support, including positive and practical actions, such as blood donation, both will have a positive effect rescue operations.Wenchuan after the earthquake, many enterprises and individuals, has begun an emergency donation of property, to the most needed areas.Non-disaster areas the peoples bleings and encouragement, people have fully felt the warmth and firm national strength.

No Valentines love of natural disasters.In a battle to save the lives of all people, the victory will come after a disaster test of the Chinese nation.强地震的破坏力如此之大，又一次淋漓尽致地呈现出来。在震中以及附近的一些城市与乡村，许多房屋倒塌，道路毁坏，电信中断，不少学校与医院成了废墟。人类生机勃勃的家园，转瞬之间惨不忍睹。

这是一场由自然灾难造成的难以躲避的悲剧，令人悲痛。而这样的悲剧，事实上与人类漫长的历史相伴，如影随形。远的不说，1976年的唐山大地 震，尽管已经过去32年，但至今依然令人心有余悸。1998年的特大洪涝灾害、～年的“非典”危机、～年底的印度洋海啸，以及最近发生在缅甸 的热带风暴，都造成了大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。人类对于自然灾难并不陌生，但是，当汶川大地震现实地摆在眼前的时候，人类在自然威力前的脆弱，显露无 遗。

汶川大地震，给灾区的民众造成了巨大的身心痛苦，也使得地图上那样一个狭小的区域，成为全国人民最为牵挂的地方。所谓人命关天，在部分同胞受难之时，举国的悲恸充分表现了出来。国际社会也迅速表达了关切与慰问。

当一场大地震已经发生，而且余震不断，此时的关键词其实只剩下两个字，即“救”与“援”。某种意义上，“援”也是“救”的组成部分。毫无疑问，救灾已成为当前中国政府与民众最为重要的任务。

救灾救什么？这似乎是一个无须思考的问题。但事实上，救灾的真义必须得到厘清。救灾的第一要务，当为拯救生命。与生命相比，财产的损失与灾后的 重建等都已经相对次要，或者说，包括抢救财产以及对于地震中出现问题的反思等，都应该退到“拯救生命”这一极端重要的议题之后。

在地震灾害现场指挥抢救的温家宝总理说过一句话，“只要有双手，家园就能重建”——这句话真切地诠释出了救灾的真义所在。换言之，这也是中国政 府将救人作为首要任务的理念之源。正因为生命只有一次，无法以其他之物替代，故救灾者必须以最快的速度，以最大的努力，甚至不惜采取任何手段，“不惜任何 代价”，拯救灾区民众的生命。

这意味着，以政府为主导的救援体系须将重心落在对生命的挽救上。随着时间的推移，伤亡数字也将会不断增加。数万人的生命安危，其实就是最严厉的灾情命令。只要有一线的希望，救援者就必须以百倍的努力，从废墟中寻找可能的生还者，从正在倒塌的建筑物中抢救出每一个生命。

应该看到，救灾不仅依赖信心、勇气与团结的精神，也依赖专业的救援队伍与技术配置。尽管人人都可为救灾尽力，但在一定条件下，救灾又是一个技术 活，专业性强、风险度高、劳动量大。不能不提到，中～人又一次发挥了“钢铁长城”的作用，在艰苦的救灾条件下，作战在灾区的精锐部队充分体现出了威武之 师的雄风。年轻的中～人在灾区救援的情景，确实令人深切地感到了血浓于水的鱼水深情。

将拯救生命视为压倒一切的首要任务，也意味着，救援者必须争分夺秒，与死神赛跑。那些废墟里奄奄一息的生命，正在急切地等待救助。“时间就是生 命”的含义，在此时也得到了最真切地体现。救援者早一秒进入受灾地区，就能早抢救出一个生命。在震中地区交通不便甚至中断的情况下，温家宝总理要求救援队 伍“就是步行也要尽快进入受灾最严重的地区”，突出强调了地震救援之时间概念的重要性。

还应该看到，地震救灾不仅仅是政府之事。如同面对以往任何一场重大自然灾害一样，在政府之力之外，拯救生命的行动，还依赖于民众与非政府机构众 志成城。包括给予灾区人民的精神激励、物质的支持，以及包括积极献血等切实的行动等，均会对救援行动产生积极效果。汶川大地震发生之后，不少企业与个人， 已开始紧急捐赠财物，运往最需要的地方。非灾区民众发出的祝福与鼓励，已让人充分感受到了温暖而坚定的民族力量。

天灾无情人有情。在一场拯救生命的全民战斗中，胜利终将属于历经灾难考验的中华民族。

第19篇：英语地震简介

中文名称：

地震

英文名称：

earthquake

定义：

地壳在内、外营力作用下，集聚的构造应力突然释放，产生震动弹性波，从震源向四周传播引起的地面颤动。

世界上主要有三大地震带：

环太平洋地震带 分布在太平洋周围，包括南北美洲太平洋沿岸和从阿留申群岛、堪察加半岛、日本列岛南下至我国台湾省，再经菲律宾群岛转向东南，直到新西兰。这里是全球分布最广、地震最多的地震带，所释放的能量约占全球的四分之三。

欧亚地震带 从地中海向东，一支经中亚至喜马拉雅山，然后向南经我国横断山脉，过缅甸，呈弧形转向东，至印度尼西亚。另一支从中亚向东北延伸，至堪察加，分布比较零散。 海岭地震带 分布在太平洋、大西洋、印度洋中的海岭地区（海底山脉）。

中国地震多发地区

在中国大致有这么几个地震敏感点，以四川 西藏 为主的西南地区，因为其处于地中海-—喜马拉雅地震带上。还有以河北，北京，江苏，福建台湾，为主的东南沿海地区因为其处于环太平洋地震带上，板块活动较为剧烈。所以这些处于地球内部版块交界处的省份，容易发生地震。

一1906.4.18美国旧金山地震8.3级死亡2000人损失5亿美元次生灾害为火灾在那旧地区金山圣弗朗西斯科半岛

二1923.9.1日本关东地震8.2级死亡143000人财产损失66亿日元，日本全国财富的5％次生灾害为火灾、狂风、海啸在日本关东地区，这次地震的震级之大，破坏之烈，次生灾害 灾种之多，都堪称日本自然灾害之最，在世界现代史上称得上一次少见的综合性大灾

难。

三1999.09.21中国台湾大地震7.6级死亡2000人损失118亿美元次生灾害为火灾且台中市深度浅,余震强,余震次数频繁而且持续时间长

四2008.5.12中国汶川大地震8.0 级死亡70000人损失8451.4亿美元堰次生灾害塞湖、地震谣传成都、绵阳、什邡浅源地震。汶川地震不属于深板块边界的效应，发生在地壳脆——韧性转换带，震源深度为10千米——20千米，因此破坏性巨大。

地震前兆地震前兆指发生前出现的异常现象，在地应力作用下，在应力应变逐渐积累、加强的过程中，会引起震源及附近物质发生如地震活动、地表的明显变化以及地磁、地电、重力等地球物理异常，地下水位、水化学、动物的异常行为等。概括性称这些与地震孕育、发生有关联的异常变化现象为地震前兆（也称地震异常）。它包括地震微观异常和地震宏观异常两大类。

地震微观异常：地下水异常地下水包括井水、泉水等。主要异常有发浑、冒泡、翻花、升温、变色、变味、突升、突降、泉源突然枯竭或涌出等。人们总结了震前井水变化的谚语：“井水是个宝，前兆来得早。”“无雨水质浑，天旱井水冒。”“水位变化大，翻花冒气泡。”“ 有的变颜色，有的变味道。”

生物异常许多动物的某些器官感觉特别灵敏，它能比人类提前知道一些灾害事件的发生，例如海洋中水母能预报风暴，老鼠能事先躲避矿井崩塌或有害气体的侵入等等。

至于在视觉、听觉、触觉、振动觉、平衡觉器官中，哪些起了主要作用，哪些又起了辅助判断作用，对不同的动物可能有所不同。伴随地震而产生的物理、化学变化（振动、电、磁、气象、水氡含量异常等），往往能使一些动物的某种感觉器官受到刺激而发生异常的反应。如一个地区的重力发生变异，某些动物可能能通过它的平衡器官感觉到；一种振动异常，某些动物的听觉器官也许能够察觉出来。地震前地下岩层早已在逐日缓慢活动，呈现出蠕动状态，而断层面之间又具有强大的摩擦力，于是有人认为在摩擦的断层面上会产生一种每秒钟仅几次至十多次、低于人的听觉所能感觉到的低频声波。人只能感觉得到每秒20次以上的声波，而动物则不然。那些感觉十分灵敏的动物，在感触到这种声波时，便会惊恐万分、狂躁不安，以致出现冬蛇出洞，鱼跃水面，猪牛跳圈，在浅海处见到深水鱼或陌生鱼群。鸡飞狗跳等异常现象。动物异常的种类很多，有大牲畜、家禽、穴居动物、冬眠动物、鱼类等等。 猪：不进圈、不吃食、乱叫乱闹、拱圈、越圈外逃。羊：不进圈、不吃食、乱叫乱闹、越圈逃跑、闹圈。狗：狂吠不休、哭泣、嗅地扒地、咬人、乱跑乱闹、叼着狗崽搬家、警犬不听指令。猫：惊慌不安、叼着猫崽搬家上树。

有关地震知识及预防

第20篇：英语作文 地震

Yesterday, in Japan 8.8 magnitude occurred maizuru, powerful earthquake, the earthquake let us, this earthquake looming is terrific, the entire honshu island ulterly changed, earthquake that triggered the big fire entire towns, and because the main honshu island is the coastal regions, so because the quake triggered a tsunami, the tsunami have been rushed to the imperial county, and it took the whole Japan\'s floor is main honshu island say all the boundle, became engulfed by the sea, today, because tsunami caused a whirlpool, then, take everything contributed in.Can say is really powerful.

In the earthquake, many people have lost family and friends, some people even themselves are dead, they how poor! Natural disasters are ruthle, according to expert introduction, the Japanese earthquake destructive more than 20 wenchuan earthquake damage.The earthquake has the highest an earthquake, series is really powerful! They know how pain, lose his family is a thing, as we live in the same earth, should also help them.

The earthquake actually is also a warning, it reminds us, to protect the

environment, not to do a great deal of extraction, this can lead to underground energy strong earthquake if coastal areas, also take care not to put the rubbish into the sea, that will also pollute the environment.

Let us environmental protection! Let our earth more beautiful, more beautiful!意思：昨天，在日本本州岛发生了8.8级的强烈大地震，这次的地震让我们触目惊心，这次的地震是非常厉害的，整个本州岛面目全非，地震引发的大火烧了整个城镇，并且由于本州岛是沿海地区，所以因为地震还引发了海啸，这次的海啸一直冲到宫廷县德楼，把整个日本本州岛可以说是全部吞没，变成了茫茫的海洋，今天，由于海啸发生，于是引起了漩涡，把东西都捐了进去。可以说实在是威力巨大。

在这次地震中，好多人都失去了家人和朋友，有些人甚至自己都死了，他们多么可怜呀！自然灾害是无情的，据专家介绍，这次日本地震破坏力超过20个汶川地震的破坏力。这次地震有史以来级数最高的一次地震，实在是威力巨大！他们知道，失去家人是多么痛苦的一件事情，作为生活在同一个地球的我们，也应该帮助他们。

这次地震其实也是一个警钟，它在提醒我们，要保护环境，不要大量抽取地下能量，这样会导致强烈的大地震，要是沿海地区也要注意不要把垃圾扔到海里，这样也会污染环境。

让我们环保起来吧！让我们的地球变得更加的美丽，更加的漂亮!

《地震英语演讲稿.doc》

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