职称英语单词标注版

中油职称外语考试2010版

一.English is a Crazy[a.疯狂的] Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言

1.Let\'s face it-English is a crazy[a.疯狂的] language.There is no egg in eggplant[n.茄子] nor ham[n.火腿] in hamburger[n.汉堡包]; neither apple nor pine[n.松树,松木] in pineapple[n.凤梨,波罗].English muffins[(muffin):n.松饼] weren\'t invented in England nor French fries in France.Sweetmeats[(sweetmeat):n.糖果,甜食,蜜饯] are candies[(candy):n.糖;巧克力] while sweetbreads[(sweetbread):n.小牛,小羊的胰脏或胸腺],which aren\'t sweet,are meat.1.让我们接受现实吧--英语是一种疯狂的语言。茄子（eggplant[n.茄子]，字面意为鸡蛋植物）里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包（hamburger[n.汉堡包]，字面意为火腿夹饼）里也没有火腿。同样，菠萝（pineapple[n.凤梨,波罗]，字面意为松树苹果）里既没有松鼠也没有苹果。松饼（English muffin[n.松饼]，字面意为英式松饼）并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条（French fries，字面意为法式油炸食品）也不是法国人的发明。“甜肉”（sweetmeat[n.糖果,甜食,蜜饯]）指的是蜜饯，而“甜面包”（sweetbread[n.小牛,小羊的胰脏或胸腺]）不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。

2.We take English for granted[(grant):v.给予,恩赐;同意,允许,答应].But if we explore[v.勘探;探究] its paradoxes[(paradox):n.自相矛盾的人或事物],we find that quicksand[n.流沙,流沙地,危险状态] can work slowly,boxing rings are square and a guinea[n.英国往昔的金币] pig is neither from Guinea[n.英国往昔的金币] nor is it a pig.And why it is that writers[(writer):n.作者,作家] write but fingers don\'t fing,grocers[(grocer):n.食品商;杂货商] don\'t groce and hammers don\'t ham[n.火腿]? If the plural[a.复数的 n.复数] of tooth is teeth,why isn\'t the plural[a.复数的 n.复数] of booth[n.小(房)间;公用电话亭] beeth? If you have one goose[n.鹅；鹅肉],two geese[goose(鹅,鹅肉)的复数],why not one moose[v.北美产的一种大鹿],two meese,or one index[n.食指;索引;标志;指数 v.把…编索引],two indices[index的复数]? 2.我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子”（quicksand[n.流沙,流沙地,危险状态]，流沙，也指陷阱，困境）往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈”（boxing rings，拳击场）是方的，“几内亚猪”（guinea[n.英国往昔的金币] pig，天竺鼠）既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。还有，既然名词作家（writers[(writer):n.作者,作家]）去掉词尾的rs 就可以成为动词“写作(write）”，那为什么名词“手指”（fingers）、杂货店（grocers[(grocer):n.食品商;杂货商]）、锤子（hammers）去掉rs就不能成为各自相应的动词呢？如果牙齿的复数是teeth，那为什么售货亭的复数不是beeth？一只鹅我们用goose[n.鹅；鹅肉]，两只鹅用geese[goose(鹅,鹅肉)的复数]，那么，一只驼鹿用moose[v.北美产的一种大鹿]（单复数同形），两只驼鹿就应该是meese了？为什么一条索引是index[n.食指;索引;标志;指数 v.把…编索引]，两条索引却成了indices[index的复数]？

3.Doesn\'t it seem crazy[a.疯狂的] that you can make amends[n.赔偿] but not one amend[vt.修正,改善,vi.改过自新],or that you can comb[vt.梳(头发)] through the annals[n.编年史] of history but not a single[adj.单个的；单一的] annal[记录]? If you have a bunch[n.1 中油职称外语考试2010版

of odds[n.可能性;机会] and ends and get rid[v.使摆脱] of all but one of them,what do you call it? 一束,一捆;一伙]3.如果你赔偿时只能赔偿复数不能赔偿单数，这是不是很莫名其妙？你可以梳理历史的编年史，为什么却不能复习某一个单个的编年史？如果你有一堆麻烦，那么在你把其他的都解决了只剩下一个的时候该怎么说呢？

4.If teachers taught,why didn\'t preachers[(preacher):n.传道者,讲道者,牧师] praught? If a vegetarian[n.素食者] eats vegetables,what does a humanitarian[n.人道主义者,慈善家] eat? 4.如果教师教学是taught，那为什么传教士不是praught？如果素食主义者（vegetarian[n.素食者]）吃蔬菜（vegetable），那人道主义者（humanitarian[n.人道主义者,慈善家]）吃什么？

5.Sometimes I think all the English speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] should be committed[(commit):v.做(不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事);犯] to an asylum[n.避难所,庇护所] for the verbally[(verbal):adj.文字的,用文字的] insane[adj.蠢极的,荒唐的;精神错乱的,疯狂的].In what other language do people recite[v.背诵,朗诵] at a play and play at a recital[n.演出;演ship by truck and send cargo[n.船货,货物] by ship; have noses that run and 奏会]; feet that smell; park on driveways[(driveway):n.(通往住宅的)车道] and drive on parkways[(parkway):n.公园道路,驾车专用道路]? 5.有时候我觉得根据英国人说话时疯狂的用词可以将他们送进精神病院。哪一种语言人们可以在一出戏中朗诵，在朗诵中玩（分别指演戏和开独唱会）？用卡车运船，用船运货（分别只用卡车运输和用船运输）？鼻子可以跑而脚可以闻味道（分别指流鼻涕和脚有臭味）？车可以停在驾驶路上，而且在停车路上驾驶（driveway[n.(通往住宅的)车道]从字面上理解是驾驶路，parkway[n.公园道路,驾车专用道路]从字面上理解是停车路）。

6.How can a slim[adj.苗条的] chance[n.机会；可能性] and a fat chance[n.机会；可能性] be the same,while a wise[adj.有见识的，聪明的] man and wise[adj.有见识的，聪明的] guy[n.a man or a boy] are opposites,and quite a lot and quite a few are alike[adj.相同地]? How can the weather be hot as hell[n.地狱] one day and cold as hell[n.地狱] another? 6.为什么一个苗条的机会（slim[adj.苗条的] chance[n.机会；可能性]，指没机会）和一个肥胖的机会（fat chant[n.圣歌,赞美诗 v.吟唱,诵扬]，也指没机会）意思是一样的，而一个聪明的人（wise[adj.有见识的，聪明的] man，聪明人）和一个聪明的家伙（wise[adj.有见识的，guy[n.a man or a boy]，自作聪明的人）却意思相反？为什么相当多（quite a lot）聪明的]

和相当少（quite a few）意思一样?（实际上quite a lot和quite a few都是相当多的意思。）为什么天气可以热的像地狱也可以冷得像地狱？（as hell[n.地狱]字面意思像地狱一样，指非常）

7.You have to marvel[v.惊叹] at the unique[adj.独特的,独一无二的] lunacy[n.疯狂,愚行] of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm[n.警报] clock goes off by going on.

2 中油职称外语考试2010版

7.你不得不对这种精神病一样的语言表示惊奇，在这种语言中，你的房子在被烧下去（burn down，意为烧为平地）的同时又被烧上去（burn up，意为烧起来，烧掉）。你用填出来（fill out，意为填写）的方法填进去（fill in,意思也是填写）一个表格。闹钟在走（go on）的时候响（go off）了。 8.English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects[(reflect):v.反映] the creativity[n.创造力] of the human[n.&a.人(的)，人类(的)] race.That is why,when the stars are out,they are visible[a.明显的,看得见的],but when the lights are out,they are invisible[adj.看不见的].And why,when I wind up my watch,I start it,but when I wind up this eay[n.论说文],I end it? 8.英语是人而不是机器创造出来的语言，它反映了人类的创造性。这也是为什么当星星出来的时候，我们是看得见的，当阳光出来（out）的时候是看不见的。同理，我“处理”我的手表之后，它就开始（走）了；而我“处理”完这篇文章后，它却结束了。

二． All I Learned in Kindergarten[n.幼儿园]幼儿园所学的……

1． Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten[n.幼儿园] .Wisdom[n.智慧] was not at the top of the graduate[n.毕业生 vi.大学毕业] mountain．but there in the sandpile[n.沙堆] at nursery[n.托儿所] school．

1．大部分在生活中真正需要的，包括怎样生活，该做些什么，又该怎样去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。

really=真的、真正地；live=活着、生活；kindergarten[n.幼儿园]=幼儿园；wisdom[n.智慧]=智慧；

graduate[n.毕业生 vi.大学毕业]=研究生、研究院；mountain =山；at the top of=在顶部；sandpile[n.沙堆]=沙堆；

nursery[n.托儿所]=苗圃；nursery[n.托儿所] schoo=幼儿园

2． These are the things I learned：Share[vt.分享；共同使用] everything.Play fair．Don‟t hit people．Put things back where you found them.Clean up your own me[n.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟]．Don‟t take things that aren‟t yours．Say you‟re sorry when you hurt somebody.Wash your hands before you eat.Warm cookies[(cookie):n.曲奇饼] and cold milk are good for you．Live a balanced[(balance):vt./n.平衡] life．Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday[adj.每日的，日常的] some．

2.以下就是我从幼儿园中学到的。分享所有的东西：行为光明磊落；不要攻击别人；东西要放回原处；自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好；不要拿走不属于自己的东西；如果你伤害了别人就得道歉；饭前洗手；热的甜点和凉的牛奶对身体有益；生活要有张有弛，学点东西、想点问题、写写画画、唱唱跳跳，休息和工作，每样事天天都要干一点。

These are=这些；Share[vt.分享；共同使用]=共享、分分享；fair=公平的；hit=打击、击中；

3 中油职称外语考试2010版

Put=放置；where you found them=你发现他们的地方；Clean up=清理；Clean=清洁的；own me[n.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟]=自己的烂摊子； me[n.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟]=混乱；hurt=伤害；wash=洗；before=以前、之前；warm=热乎的、温暖；cookies[(cookie):n.曲奇饼]=饼干；

good for you=对你有好处；balanced[(balance):vt./n.平衡]=平衡的；draw=绘制、画；paint=涂抹、写；dance=舞蹈； some=一些；

3． Take a nap[n.小睡] every afternoon．When you go out into the world，watch for traffic．Hold hands and stick together.Be aware[a.知道的,意识到的] of wonder[vt.想知Remember the little seed in the plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] cup? The roots[(root):n.根；根源；起源] go 道]．down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why．but we are all like that.

3.每天下午小睡一会儿。当大家外出时，注意交通安全，记得手挽手，彼此互相扶持。多多注意那些生活的奇迹。你一定还记得那个塑料杯里的小小的种子吧，它不断地往下扎根，枝叶不断地向空中伸展。没有人真正知道它在怎样生长，也不知道是为了什么。但有一点很明白，我们也像他们一样地长大。 Take a nap[n.小睡]=午睡；nap[n.小睡]=午睡、打盹；go out=出门；into the world=走向世界；traffic=交通；

Together=一起；hold=把; stick=粘；Be aware[a.知道的,意识到的]=注意；wonder[vt.想知道]=奇迹；Remember=记住；

seed=种子；little=小的；seed=种子；Remember=记得；plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)]=塑料；roots[(root):n.根；根源；起源]=根；

go down=向下；plant=植物；goes up=上升、生长；like=像

4．Goldfish[n.金鱼] and hamsters[(hamster):n.东欧或亚洲产的大颊的鼠类] and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] cup--they all die.So do we.

4．看着金鱼、仓鼠以及小白鼠甚至是花盆中小小的一颗种子，最后他们的生命部将消亡。我们明白自己同样也不能避免。

goldfish[n.金鱼]=金鱼；hamsters[(hamster):n.东欧或亚洲产的大颊的鼠类]=仓鼠；mice=小白鼠；

5．And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word you learned，the biggest word of all：Look．Everything you need to know is in there somewhere[ad.在某处]．The Golden[a.金(黄)色的] Rule[n.规则；规定] and love and basic[adj.基本的] sanitation[n.卫生].Ecology[n.生态] and politics[n.政治] and sane[adj.清醒的,明智的] living.

5．同时还记得《迪克与珍妮》的书，以及从书中学到的第一个词，也是最了不起的一个词：观察。你所需要了解的任何事情：包括为人的准则、爱、应注意的基本卫生，生态环境和政治哲学以及健全的生活方式，你都能在该书的某个地方找到答案。

Look=看；在这里是观察的意思；biggest=最大；somewhere[ad.在某处]=某处；Rule[n.规则；规定]=准则；basic[adj.基本的] =基本；sanitation[n.卫生]=卫生；Ecology[n.生态]=生态；politics[n.政治]=政治；sane[adj.清醒的,明智的] living=理智的生活；

6．Think of what a better world it would be if we all--the whole world--had cookies[(cookie):n.曲奇饼] and milk about 3 o‟clock every afternoon and then lay down with

4 中油职称外语考试2010版

our blankets[(blanket):n.毛毯；毯子] for a nap[n.小睡] or if we had a basic[adj.基本的] policy[n.政策] in our nations[(nation):n.民族；国家] to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own mees[(me):n.凌乱状态;混乱的局面 v.弄脏,弄糟]．And it is still true，no matter how old you are，when you go out into the world，it is better to hold hands and stick together.

6.想一想，如果我们大家--全世界所有的人--每天下午3点左右都能够享受甜点和牛奶，然后盖上被单美美的睡上一小会儿；如果每一个国家都能够遵循一个基本的立国之道，即东西放回原处，自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好，那么这个世界将是多么的美好啊。无论你年龄有多大，当你出去时，当你进入社会之时，最好是和别人手牵手，相互扶持，团结一致。无论如何，这是一个颠扑不破的真理。

better=较好的；lay=放置；basic[adj.基本的] policy[n.政策]=基本的政策；nations[(nation):n.民族；国家]=国家；put things=整治；cleaned up=清理；go out=出去；into=进入；

三.On Mobile[adj.可移动的] Office 移动的办公室

1.Mobile[adj.可移动的]1 office is the mutual[a.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的]2 product[n.产品；成品] of economic[adj.经济的],scientific[adj.科学的],and social[adj.社会的；社交的] progre[n.进步；上进].Mobile[adj.可移动的] office has become a solution[n.解决方法] that provides[(provide):vt.提供] users[(user):n.用户,使用者] with convenient[adj.便利的；方便的],prompt[adj.准时的,迅速的],safe,reliable[adj.可靠的,可信赖的],and reasonably[ad.适度地,相当地] priced[(price):n.communications[(communication):n.通讯;传达;交通] and office faculty[n.能力]3 anywhere 价格，价钱]

anytime via[prep.通过,凭借;经过,经由]4 the support[vt.支持；赞助] of mobile[adj.可移动的] interconnection[n.互相连络] platform[n.讲台；站台]5 (MIP) and its applications[(application):n.申请] systems[(system):n.体系；系统].Using mobile[adj.可移动的] office and WAP[打] technology[n.技术],people can do their work anywhere anytime,can send and receive data[n.资料,数据] via[prep.通过,凭借;经过,经由] terminals[(terminal):n.终点站,总站]6 such as mobile[adj.可移动的] phone,palm[n.棕榈树;手掌] computer,and PDA[n.个人数字助理],and can surf[n.海浪,拍岸浪] the Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网].Integrating[(integrate):v.(使某人)与社区融合Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网] and mobile[adj.可移动的] communications[(communication):n.(尤指种族间)]7 通讯;传达;交通] network[n.网络系统],and providing[(provide):vt.提供] powerful[adj.强大的]

applications[(application):n.申请] support[vt.支持；赞助] capacity[n.能力,才智] for wirele[adj.无线的,无线电的]8 interconnection[n.互相连络],mobile[adj.可移动的] interconnection[n.互相连络] platform[n.讲台；站台] (MIP) is an important network[n.网络系统] support[vt.支持；赞助] technology[n.技术] to accomplish[v.完成] mobile[adj.可移动的] office.1.移动办公室是经济、科技、社会三者发展进步的共同产物。通过无线互联平台（MIP）及其应用系统的支撑，移动办公室已经成为一种能够使用户获得随时随地、简便快捷、安全可靠、价格合理的通信和办公能力的解决方案。通过移动办公室和无线接入协议（WAP[打]）技术，人们可以在任何时间任何地点办公，可以从移动电话、掌上电脑、个人数字助理（PDA[n.个人数字助理]）等终端设备上收发数据，遨游于互联网上。无线互联平台将因特网和移动通信网络有机地整合起来，为无线互联提

5 中油职称外语考试2010版

供强大的应用支撑能力，是实现移动办公室重要的网络支撑技术。

2.When you leave your office to attend[vt.出席；参加] meetings or travel on busine,what would happen to your busine routine[n.常规]? Of course,faxes[(fax):n.传真] and e- mails[(mail):n.邮政；邮递] would be still sent to your fax[n.传真] machine or e- mail[n.邮政；邮递] box,but you cannot read them and make prompt[adj.准时的,迅速的] reaction[n.反应] timely.When your clients[(client):n.顾客,委托人] need you to make some urgent[adj.急迫的,紧急的] modifications[(modification):n.修正,修饰,修改]9 on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant[adj.有关的]10 documents[(document):n.用文件证实或证明(某事)],what can you do? Maybe you have to say “sorry”to the clients[(client):n.顾客,委托人].But,your busine will be affected[(affect):vt.影响],the clients[(client):n.顾客,委托人] will be unhappy and disappointed[(disappoint):vt.使失望] because of your delay[vt.&vi.推迟；耽搁],and you will lose a lot of busine opportunities[(opportunity):n.机会].2.当你离开办公室，忙于参加会议或出差在外时，你的日常工作业务会怎样呢？当然，传真和电子邮件依然会到达你的传真机和电子信箱，但是你却不能及时地看到它们并迅速作出反应。当你的客户需要你对某项工作进行一些紧急修改，而你恰好不在办公室，又没有随身携带相关文件时，怎么办呢？你也许只能向客户说“对不起”了。但是，你的业务将受到影响，客户们也会因为你的延迟而感到不快和失望，因而你失去许多商机。

3.In fact[n.事实；实际],very frequently[adv.经常地；频繁地],you need to check,reply[n.回答，答复],distribute[v.分发,分配]11,display[n.展览,陈列],modify[v.变更,修改],or read some materials[(material):n.材料；原料] when you are not in your office.You must get out of this dilemma[n.困境,(进退两难的)窘境]12.The best solution[n.解决方法] to normally[(normal):n.正常的状态] handle[n.柄，把手] your busine anywhere anytime and not to disappoint[vt.使失望] your clients[(client):n.顾客,委托人] is to let your office “move”with you.Thus，you can have convenient[adj.便利的；方便的],prompt[adj.准时的,reasonably[ad.适度地,相当地] priced[(price):n.价格，迅速的],safe,reliable[adj.可靠的,可信赖的]13,and 价钱] communications[(communication):n.通讯;传达;交通] and office faculty[n.能力] anywhere anytime.With the development[n.发展；开发] of communications[(communication):n.通讯;传达;交通] technology[n.技术],network[n.网络系统] application[n.申请],and wirele[adj.无线的,无线电的] interconnection[n.互相连络],mobile[adj.可移动的] office has become simpler and smaller,and even can be realized[(realize):v.认识到；实现(=realise)] via[prep.通过,凭借;经过,经由] one mobile[adj.可移动的] phone with data[n.资料,数据] communications[(communication):n.通讯;传达;交通] function[n.正常工作,正常生活].Thus,mobile[adj.可移动的] office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility[n.流动性] has been realized[(realize):v.认识到；实现uses its mobile[adj.可移动的] phone function[n.正常工作,正常生活] to make voice[n.(=realise)].It 说话声；嗓音] communication[n.通讯;传达;交通],and uses its data[n.资料,数据]

communications[(communication):n.通讯;传达;交通] function[n.正常工作,正常生活] to do most computation[n.计算]14 and storage[n.贮藏；储存]15 in the network\'s[(network):n.网络系统] other mainframes[(mainframe):n.主机]16.It uses the network[n.网络系统] to get

6 中油职称外语考试2010版

neceary[adj.必要的；必需的] materials[(material):n.材料；原料] and data[n.资料,数据],and uses mobile[adj.可移动的] phone\'s infrared[a.& n.红外线(的)]17 interface[n.接口,界面 v.联系]18 to connect[vt.&vi.连接；把......联系起来] with computers,printers[(printer):n.打印机],scanners[(scanner):n.扫描设备;扫描器]19,etc.3.实际上，当你不在办公室，但需要对某些材料进行查阅、回复、分发、展示、修改或宣读的情形是很常见的。因此，你必须从这种困境中解脱出来。使自己能够随时随地正常处理业务，不让客户失望，最好的解决办法就是让你的办公室也随你一起“移动”起来，使你获得随时随地、简单快捷、安全可靠、价格合理的通信和办公能力。随着通信技术、网络应用以及无线互联的发展，移动办公室已经变得越来越简单小巧，甚至只需一个具有数据通信功能的移动电话即可实现。此时，移动办公室已经被你装进了口袋，从而真正实现了办公的移动性。它利用移动电话功能进行语音通信；利用数据通信功能，使大部分计算和存储工作都在网络的其他主机上进行；利用网络获得需要的材料和数据；利用移动电话的红外接口与电脑、打印机、扫描仪等设备相连。

4.Mobile[adj.可移动的] office has provided[(provide):vt.提供] people with convenient[adj.working environment[n.环境],but at the same time 便利的；方便的],casual[adj.偶尔的,非正式的]

it still has some unsatisfactory aspects[(aspect):n.方面] such as mismatching[配板失当;不匹配;不重合] equipment[n.装备，设备] interface[n.接口,界面 v.联系] and inadequate[adj.不够,不充分] battery[n.一群,一组,一连串;电池].Neverthele[adv.然而],we believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that with technical[adj.技术的；工艺的] progre[n.进步；上进],people can certainly overcome[v.战胜,克服] all kinds of difficulties[(difficulty):adj.困难；费力].Mobile[adj.可移动的] office will make your career[n.职业] unimpeded[a.未受阻碍的]20,and will realize[v.认识到；实现the dream[vt.&n.梦；梦想] of completely[(complete):vt.完成；结束] free communication[n.(=realise)]

通讯;传达;交通].Users[(user):n.用户,使用者] will enjoy more colorful[adj.五颜六色的] life and better working environment[n.环境],and users\' living standard[a.标准的],working efficiency[n.效率],and even enterprises\' production[n.生产；制作] efficiency[n.效率] will certainly be immensely[(immense):a.巨大的] raised[(raise):vt.使升高；饲养 vt.饲养].4.移动办公室给人们带来了方便随意的工作环境，但同时也存在着一些诸如设备接口不匹配、电池电力不足等不尽如人意的地方。但是，我们相信，随着技术的进步，人们肯定能战胜种种困难。移动办公室将使你的事业畅通无阻，实现完全自由通信的梦想。用户将会享受多彩的生活和美好的工作环境；用户的生活水平、工作效率以及企业的生产效率，必将大大提高。

四.How to Explore[v.勘探;探究] a City 探索城市轻松游

1.Are you spending two days in Tokyo? Are you moving to Melbourne[n.No matter where you\'re going or how long you\'re staying,keep reading! 墨尔钵]? These tips[(tip):n.梢，末端；小费] will help you make the most of any urban[adj.市镇的] adventure[n.冒险；奇遇].

7 中油职称外语考试2010版

要去东京待两天？还是要搬到墨尔本?不管打算去哪里、要待多久，往下读吧！一下介绍的小诀窍能帮你充分享受每趟都市旅游。

2.Before you arrive 抵达前3.Read a city guidebook[旅行指南].Some are even specially[(special):adj.特别的；专门的] designed[(design):vt.&n.设计；绘制] for a 24-hour visit! If you don\'t want to buy one,just look through the guidebooks[(guidebook):旅行指南] in a store[n.商店].They can give you hints[(hint):n.暗示,示意] on how to plan[n.计划，打算] your trip.参考城市旅游指南，有些旅游书甚至专为一日游行程而写的呢！如果不想花钱买书，在书店里翻一翻也可以。旅游指南会提出一些建议，帮助你规划行程。 4.Search[n.&v.搜寻；搜查] the Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网].Websites[(website):网站(全球资讯网的主机站)] such as Cilysearch.com and Economist[n.经济学家].com provide[vt.提供]

information[n.信息] on cities around the world.Blogs can also be a good source[n.来源,提供消息者] of information[n.信息].They give you a chance[n.机会；可能性] to learn from others\' travel experiences[(experience):n.经验；经历].上网查找资料。诸如Cilysearch.com与Economist[n.经济学家].com 等网站都提供全球各城市的相关资讯。博客是另一个搜集资讯的好地方，能够让你汲取别人的旅游经验。

5.Some companies[(company):n.公司],like National Geographic[adj.地理上的],offer audio[a.成音频率的,声音的] walking tours[(tour):n.观光；参观；旅行],which can be downloaded[(download):下载] from the Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网].Once you arrive,these free podcasts will turn your MP3 player into a lour[vi.皱眉,变阴沉] guide[n.导游者；向导 vt.指导；引导]! They will help you explore[v.勘探;探究] the city on foot.有些公司例如《国家地理杂志》备有步行观光语音岛览，可以直接通过网络下载，你一到目的地，这些免费“播客”档案会让你的MP3立刻化身为导游！它们会带你步行走访该城。

6.Doing research[n.研究；调查] before you arrive will help you experience[n.经验；经历] the city\'s claim[v.声称] to fame[n.名声].Whether it\'s a landmark[n.风景点;里程碑],a shopping area[n.地区，区域],or a river-you should see it.抵达目的地前要做好功课，你就可以好好欣赏该城著名的景点。不管是地标、购物区、河流，你都不应错过。

7.When you arrive 抵达后8.If poible,pick up a free city map at the airport[n.机场，航空站],train station or your hotel.Visit the city\'s tourism[n.旅游业；观光] office,which will provide[vt.提供] other valuable[adj.值钱的；贵重的]

information[n.信息].Sometimes locals[(local):a.当地的；本土的] post notices[(notice):n.通知；there offering[(offer):vt.提供] tours[(tour):n.观光；参观；旅行] or other services[(service):n.布告] 服务].如果机场、火车站或下榻旅馆有免费市区地图，别忘了拿一份。参观一下当地旅游服务中心，也能获得其他宝贵资讯。当地居民偶尔也会在那里张贴广告，

8 中油职称外语考试2010版

提供旅游行程或其他服务。

Carry the hotel\'s busine card or write down the addre and phone number.Take note[n.笔记；便条] of the neighborhood[n.邻近地区] around your hotel.It will be helpful when you return.随身携带旅馆名片或写下它的地址与电话，还要留意旅馆周边的环境，以方便认路返回。

9.For your first adventure[n.冒险；奇遇],take a city bus that drives in a circle through the downtown[n&a.城市的商业区(的)] area[n.地区，区域].It\'s a good-and cheap-way1 to see important landmarks[(landmark):n.风景点;里程碑].Il will also help you understand the city\'s layout[n.布局,安排,设计].While on the bus,write down places that interest you so you can visit them later.你刚动身探访该城时，不妨搭乘会穿过市中心，绕行市区一圈的巴士，想走访重要地标，这是不错又便宜的选择，你还能借此一窥整个城市的轮廓。在公共汽车上，记下你感兴趣的景点吧，留待以后再参观。

10.Ask a local[a.当地的；本土的] person for advice[n.劝告；忠告；建议].Many cities have treasures[(treasure):n.财富；金银财宝] that most tourists[(tourist):n.旅行者；观光者] don\'t know about.A local[a.当地的；本土的] can direct[vt.&vi.导演] you to a wonderful but le famous restaurant.park or museum.

11.Finally[adv.最后；最终],be adventurous[adj.爱冒险的]! Some of the best tilings[(tiling):n.盖瓦;铺瓷砖] that a city has 10 offer can be found by mistake.II[no.第二]\" you\'re not afraid to get lost,you\'ll see more-and you\'ll have a better time!

五.Can Money Buy Happine[n.幸福；愉快] 金钱能买到快乐？

1.Many of us dream[vt.&n.梦；梦想] of having thousands and thousands of dollars to spend on anything we desire[vt.要求；期望 n.欲望].We buy lottery[n.碰巧(冒险)之事,碰运tickets,enter[(ENT):耳鼻喉科] contests[(contest):n.比赛,竞赛] or spend hours building 气;彩票]

a busine or playing the stock[n.证券,股票] market.We\'re sure when we have plenty[n.充足的；相当多的] of money,we will be happy.But will we? 1.我们很多人都梦想拥有万贯钱财来满足自身欲望。我们会买乐透彩券、参加比赛或付出很多时间发展事业或投资股市。我们深信一旦我们有很多钱，就会很开心，但真的会吗？

2.While having some money does have an impact[n.影响] on our level[n.水平线；水平] of happine[n.幸福；愉快],having a lot of money docs not.People in the United[(unite):vi.&vt.联合，团结] States[(state):n.国家；(美国的)州] whose income[n.收入；所得] goes from US$20,000 a year to US$50,000 a year are more likely to be happy.2.虽然有“一些”钱的确会影响我们的快乐程度，拥有“很多”钱则不然。在美国，

9 中油职称外语考试2010版

年薪为2万~5万美元的人比较可能感到快乐。

3.But after USS50.000,happine[n.幸福；愉快] does not increase[vt.增加；繁殖] as salaries[(salary):n.薪水] go up.Why is that? It\'s because we are never satisfied[(satisfy):vt.满足；使满意].\"We always think if we just had a little more money,we\'d be happier,\" says Catherine[n.凯萨琳(女子名)] Sanderson,a psychology[n.at Amherst College[n.学院].\"But when we get there,we\'re 心理学] profeor[n.教授]

not.\" 3.但薪水超过5万美元后，快乐程度会不随着薪水增多而升高。此话怎讲？原因是我们永远不会满足。安默斯特学院心理学教授凯萨琳·珊德森说：“我们总是以为只要我们的钱再多一点，我们就会比较快乐，但是当我们走到那一步，我们却不快乐。”4.\'The more you make,the more you want.The more you have,the le it brings you joy[n.欢乐；高兴；乐趣],\" says Daniel[n.男子名,丹尼尔,丹尼尔书] Gilbert[n.起磁力的c.g.s.单位],a psychology[n.心理学] profeor[n.教授] at Harvard[n.哈佛大学].\"We incorrectly[(incorrect):adj.不正确的,错误的] aume[v.假定,以为] we\'ll get more pleasure from more,and we don\'t.\" 4.“你赚得越多，欲望就越多。你拥有的越多，得到的喜悦就越少。”哈佛大学心理学教授丹尼尔·吉尔勃特说：“我们误以为我们会因为拥有越多而更快乐，其实不会。”5.The things money can buy don\'t make you happy either.A lot of research[n.研究；调查] suggests[(suggest):vt.建议；提议] that you won\'t find the \"good life\" buying expensive \"toys.\" You finally[adv.最后；最终] buy that BMW you\'ve always wanted and it soon loses its appeal[n.吸引力].Then,instead of wondering[(wonder):vt.想知道] if a new car is what really makes you happy,you decide you just need a different new car.It\'s an endle[a.无止境的] cycle[vi.骑自行车].5.能用金钱买到的东西也不会让你开心。很多研究显示你不会因为买了昂贵的“玩具”而得到“美满人生”。你终于买的梦寐以求的宝马汽车，它很快就丧失了吸引力，然后你不思考一部新车是否真能令你快乐，你认定自己只要再买一部新车就好了，这种循环没完没了。

6.To really be happy,you need to understand what makes you happy in the first place.One secret of happine[n.幸福；愉快]: people.Surveys[(survey):n.have found that people need people.Those who have five or more close 调查]

friends are 50 percent[n.百分之…] more likely to describe[vt.描写，描述] themselves as \"very happy.\" Good relationships[(relationship):n.关系] have a far greater effect[n.效果；作用] on happine[n.幸福；愉快] than large raises[(raise):vt.使升高；饲养 vt.饲养] in salary[n.薪水].Andrew[n.安德鲁] Oswald is an economist[n.经济学家] at England\'s University[n.大学] of Warwick.He says,\"If you\'re looking for happine[n.in life,find the right husband or wife rather than trying to double 幸福；愉快]

your salary[n.薪水].\" 6.为了要真正的快乐，首先你必须了解什么让你快乐。快乐的一个秘诀在于

10 中油职称外语考试2010版

人。一些调查报告发现人与人彼此需要。拥有五个或更多亲密朋友的人自认“非常快乐”的机会高出他人50%。美满的人际关系对能否快乐的影响程度远胜于薪水大幅调升。安德鲁·奥斯瓦德是英国华威大学的经济学家，他说：“如果你在寻觅幸福人生，找一个合适的配偶吧，而不是想办法赚两倍的薪水。”7.So invest[v.投入(时间等);投资] your time and energy[n.精力；能量] in people.The payoff[n.报酬;报偿] is much bigger in terms of happine[n.幸福；愉快]! 7.所以把时间和精力投资在人身上吧，就快乐而言，回报会更大！

六.How Americans View[n.风景；景色；眺望；观察] Love 美国人的爱情观

1.An old song says that \"love makes the world go around.\" If you watch Americans on Valentine\'s[(valentine):情人,情人节礼物] Day,you can believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] it.The whole country breaks out with little red hearts.Love-struck people give cards,flowers and candy[n.糖;巧克力] to their sweethearts[(sweetheart):n.an annual[adj.每年的] celebration[n.庆祝] of 情人,爱人].You might[v.aux.可能；也许] call it love.

1、有一首老歌中唱道“爱让世界转动”。如果你看到美国人是如何庆祝情人节的，你便会相信这句话。这一天在美国不论你走到哪里都能看到一颗颗小红心。坠入爱河中的人向自己的心上人赠送卡片、鲜花和糖果。你可以将情人节称之为一年一度的爱的庆贺日。

2.The American concept[n.概念,观念] of love and romance[n.浪漫文学,浪漫故事] begins with dating.Young people date in several ways.At first they might[v.aux.have group dates with several boys and girls together.Later,they 可能；也许]

start going on single[adj.单个的；单一的] dates-just one boy and one girl.Sometimes a boy and a girl will go to a movie[n.电影].Maybe they will go to a party at a friend\'s house.Or they might[v.aux.可能；也许] go out to eat.2.美国人的爱情和浪漫始于约会。年轻人有几种约会方式。最开始，他们可能是好几个男孩和女孩都参加的集体约会。之后，他们单独出去约会――只有一男一女。有时他们会去看电影，也可能一起去参加朋友的聚会，或一起出去吃饭。

3.When two couple[n.夫妇；一对] go out together,it\'s called double dating.A friend might[v.aux.可能；也许] even arrange[vt.筹备;整理;调解] a blind[adj.瞎的] date for you with someone you don\'t know.That doesn\'t mean you keep your eyes closed the whole evening! You just don\'t know who your partner[n.搭档，合作者] will be until the time of the date.If someone asks you out on any kind of date,and you don\'t want to go,you may politely say,\"No,thanks.\" 3.如果两对男女一起出去，这叫做双重约会。一个朋友还可能为你和陌生人安排一个“蒙眼约会”。那并不是说你整个晚上都紧闭双目。只是在约会之前你并不知道你的约会对象是谁。如果有人请你出去约会，不管是哪种约会，假若

11 中油职称外语考试2010版

你不想去，你都可以礼貌地说声“不，谢谢!”4.Americans view[n.风景；景色；眺望；观察] dating differently from people in other culture[n.文化].American young people see a date as a time just to have fun.They don\'t always have a romantic[adj.浪漫的] interest in mind.Someone may go out with one person this week,and another person the next.After a while,a boy and a girl may decide they want to go steady[a.稳固地；平稳地].This means they think of each other as boyfriend[n.男朋友] and girlfriend[n.女朋友].It also means they don\'t want to date anyone else.Romance[n.浪漫文学,浪漫故事] is beginning to bloom[v.开花 n.花].

4、对于约会，美国人与别的文化国度的人有不同的看法。美国的年轻人把约会看成是玩得开心的时间，并不一定就抱着浪漫的念头。有的人可能这星期与一个人出去，下星期又与另外一个人出去。经过一段时间后，一个男孩和一个女孩可能决定保持稳定的关系。这意味着他们把彼此看成“男朋友和女朋友”，这也意味着他们不想与别的人约会。浪漫之花开始绽放。

5.Romantic[adj.浪漫的] love is very much a part of American culture[n.文化].Movies[(movie):n.电影],TV shows and books in America all picture people falling in love.Americans know no romance[n.浪漫文学,浪漫故事] is perfect[a.完美的；极好的],but still they try to find the ideal[adj.理想的,完满的] person.Actually[(actual):a.实际的，现实的],love is a pan of every culture[n.文化],not just American culture[n.文化].People all over the world search[n.&v.搜寻；搜查] for happine[n.幸福；愉快] in a loving relationship[n.关系].Maybe love does make the world go around.

5、浪漫爱情是美国文化的重要组成部分。美国的电影、电视和书籍都描绘人们如何坠入爱河。美国人知道没有哪段爱情是完美的，但他们还是努力去寻找自己的意中人。事实上，爱不仅仅是美国文化，而是每种文化的组成部分。全世界的人们都在爱中寻求幸福。也许确实是爱使世界转动。

七.Carbon-based Alternative[adj.非传统的,不同的] 碳基替代燃料

1.Although[conj.尽管，虽然] recent[adj.最近的；近来的] years have seen substantial[adj.reductions[(reduction):n.减少,降低] in noxious[adj.有害的,有毒的] pollutants[(pollutant):n.可观的,重大的]

污染物质] from individual[n.个人,个体] motor vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆], the number of such vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆] has been steadily[ad.稳定地；稳固地] increasing[(increase):vt.Consequently[ad.因此,因而,所以], more than 100 cities in the United[(unite):vi.&vt.增加；繁殖].联合，团结] States[(state):n.国家；(美国的)州] still have levels[(level):n.水平线；水平] of carbon[n.碳] monoxide[n.一氧化物], particulate[n.微粒 a.微粒的] matter, and ozone[n.新鲜的空气,臭氧] (generated[(generate):v.发生] by photochemical[a.光化学的] reactions[(reaction):n.反应] with hydrocarbons[(hydrocarbon):n.碳化氢] from vehicle[n.机动车辆] exhaust[vt.使筋疲力尽;用尽]) that exceed[v.超过] legally[(legal):adj.法律(上)的,合法的,法定的] established[(establish):v.使人接受(信仰、风俗、要求等)] limits[(limit):vt.限制；减少].There is a growing realization[n.意识到,领悟] that the only effective[adj.有效的] way to achieve[vt.完成；达到] further[ad.更远地；进一步地]

12 中油职称外语考试2010版

reductions[(reduction):n.减少,降低] in vehicle[n.机动车辆] emiions-short of a maive[adj.巨大的] shift[v.移动] away from the private[a.私人的] automobile- is to replace[vt.conventional[a.传统的,符合习俗的] diesel[n.柴油] fuel[n.燃料] and gasoline[n.(美)汽油] with 取代]

cleaner-burning fuels[(fuel):n.燃料] such as compreed[a.压缩的] natural[adj.自然的；天然的] gas[n.煤气；汽油；天然气].liquefied[adj.液化的] petroleum[n.石油] gas[n.煤气；汽油；天然气], ethanol[n.乙醇,酒精], or methanol[n.甲醇].1.尽管近几年来私人机动车辆排放的有害污染物已有相当程度的减少，但这类车辆的数量却仍在稳定地增长。因此，美国100多个城市仍然存在着超过法律限定的一氧化碳、悬浮颗粒物和臭氧（由于车辆排出气体中碳氢化合物经过光化反应产生）。人们逐渐认识到实现车辆尾气排放更进一步减少的唯一有效方法--大规模消减私人小汽车除外--是用燃烧更为清洁的燃料，如压缩天然气、液化石油气、乙醇或甲醇代替传统的柴油和汽油。

2.All of these alternatives[(alternative):adj.非传统的,不同的] are carbon-based fuels[(fuel):n.燃料] whose molecules[(molecule):n.分子,克分子] are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline[n.(美)汽油].These molecules[(molecule):n.分子,克分子] burn more cleanly than gasoline[n.(美)汽油], in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds[(bond):n.债券] and the hydrocarbons[(hydrocarbon):n.碳化氢] they do emit[vt.散发;发射;发表] are le likely to generate[v.发生] ozone[n.新鲜的空气,臭氧].The combustion[n.燃烧,氧化] of larger molecules[(molecule):n.分子,克分子], which have multiple[a.多重的,多样的] carbon-carbon bonds[(bond):n.债券] involves[(involve):v.使(某事)成为必要条件或结果] a more complex[adj.难于理解或解释的;复杂的] series[n.系列] of reactions[(reaction):n.反应].These reactions[(reaction):n.反应] increase[vt.增加；繁殖] the probability[n.可能性] of incomplete combustion[n.燃烧,氧化] and are more likely to release[v.释放] uncombusted and photochemically[(photochemical):a.光化学的] active[a.积极的；主动的] hydrocarbon[n.碳化氢] compounds[(compound):v.增加,加重 n.化合物] into the atmosphere[n.氛围].On the other hand, alternative[adj.非传统的,不同的] fuels[(fuel):n.燃料] do have drawbacks[(drawback):n.不利条件,缺点,弊端].Compreed[a.压缩的] natural[adj.自然的；天然的] gas[n.煤气；would require[vt.需要；要求] that vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆] have set of heavy 汽油；天然气]

fuel[n.燃料] tanks- a serious liability[n.不利条件] in terms of performance[n.演出；表演] and fuel[n.燃料] efficiency-and liquefied[adj.液化的] petroleum[n.石油] gas[n.煤气；faces fundamental[a.基本的,根本的] limits[(limit):vt.限制；减少] on supply[vt.供给，供应].汽油；天然气]

2.所有这些替代物都是碳基燃料，它的分子要比汽油的小而简单。这些分子要比汽油燃烧得更为清洁，部分是因为他们碳-碳键较少，而且即使会释放出碳氢化合物，也不太可能会成为臭氧。较大分子的燃烧，由于它们具有多重碳-碳，伴随着更为复杂的一系列反应。这些反应增加了不完全燃烧得可能性并且易于放出未燃烧的、易起光化反应的碳氢化合物释放到大气中。从另一方面来说，替代燃料也有缺点。压缩天然气要求车辆有一套沉重的燃料箱--在外观和燃料效率方面有严重的不利之处--并且液化石油气面临着基本的供应量限制。 3.Ethanol[n.乙醇,酒精] and methanol[n.甲醇], on the other hand, have important advantages[(advantage):n.优点；好处] over other carbon-based alternative[adj.非传统的,不同13 中油职称外语考试2010版

fuels[(fuel):n.燃料]: they have higher energy[n.精力；能量] content[adj.甘愿的；满意的 n.内容] per[prep.每；一] volume[n.数量,总额] and would require[vt.需要；要求] minimal[adj.最低限度的,最小的] changes in the existing[(exist):vi.存在] network[n.网络系统] for distributing[(distribute):v.分发,分配] motor fuel[n.燃料].Ethanol[n.乙醇,酒精] is commonly used as a gasoline[n.(美)supplement[n.增刊,副刊], but it is currently[(current):adj.当前的;现今的] about twice as 汽油]

expensive as methanol[n.甲醇], the low cost of which is one of its attractive[adj.有吸引力] features[(feature):v.给某物显著地位,将…特写].Methanol\'s[(methanol):n.甲醇] most attractive[adj.有吸引力] feature[v.给某物显著地位,将…特写], however[然而；可是；尽管如此], is that it can reduce[vt.减少；缩减] by about 90 percent[n.百分之…] the vehicle[n.机动车辆] emiions[(emiion):n.发出物,散发物;发出,散发] that form ozone[n.新鲜的空气,臭氧], the most serious urban[adj.市镇的] air pollutant[n.污染物质].的]3.从另一个方面来看，乙醇和甲醇具有由于其他碳基替代燃料的重要优势：它们在单位容量下有更高的能量含量，并且只需要在现存的配送燃料的网络中做很小的变更。乙醇通常用作汽油的补充燃料，但它现在的价格是甲醇的两倍，后者的低成本是具有吸引力的特征之一。不过，甲醇最吸引人的特征是它能够将形成臭氧的车辆尾气这一严重的城市空气污染减少90%。

4.Like any alternative[adj.非传统的,不同的] fuel[n.燃料], methanol[n.甲醇] has its critics[(critic):n.批评家].Yet much of the criticism[n.批评] is based[(base):n.根据地；基地] on the use of \"gasoline[n.(美)汽油] clone[v.无性繁殖,克隆]\" vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆] that do not incorporate[v.使…并入] even the simplest design[vt.&n.设计；绘制]

improvements[(improvement):n.改进,改善] that are made poible with the use of methanol[n.甲醇].It is true, for example, that a given volume[n.数量,总额] of methanol[n.甲醇] provides[(provide):vt.提供] only about one-half of the energy[n.精力；能量] that gasoline[n.(美)汽油] and diesel[n.柴油] fuel[n.燃料] do; other things being equal[adj.平等的；均等的], the fuel[n.燃料] tank[n.储水容器] would have to be somewhat[adv.有些] larger and heavier.However[然而；可是；尽管如此], since melhanol-fueled vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆] could be designed[(design):vt.&n.设计；绘制] to be much more efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的] than \"gasoline[n.(美)汽油] clone[v.无性繁殖,克隆]\" vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆] fueled[(fuel):n.燃料] with methanol[n.甲醇] they would need comparatively[(comparative):a.比较的,相对的] le fuel[n.燃料].Vehicles[(vehicle):n.机动车辆] incorporating[(incorporate):v.使…并入] only the simplest of the engine[n.引擎；发动机] improvements[(improvement):n.改进,改善] that methanol[n.甲醇] makes feasible[a.可行的;可能的] would still contribute[v.导致] to an immediate[a.立即的;直接的] leening[(leen):v.减少] of urban[adj.市镇的] air pollution[n.污染].4.像任何替代燃料一样，甲醇也有对其的批评意见。然而，大部分批评都是针对“克隆汽油车”的，这些车并没有为使用甲醇而做出哪怕最简单的设计上的改进。这些批评意见是对的，举例来说，一定容量的甲醇只能供给汽油和柴油燃料所能供给的能力的一伴。在其他条件相同时，不得不将车辆的燃料箱做的较大和较沉些。然而，因为烧甲醇的车辆可以被设计成比烧甲醇的“克隆汽油车”更有效率的车辆，所以它们只需要比较少的燃料。车辆只要包含为使用甲醇而

14 中油职称外语考试2010版

作的发动机方面最简单的改进，也将为迅速减轻城市空气污染做出贡献。

八.Our Family Creed[n.信仰,信条] 家族的信条

1.They are the principles[(principle):n.原则;原理;准则,为人之道] on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family.They are the principles[(principle):n.原则;原理;准则,为人之道] in which my father believed[(believe):vt.&vi.相信；认为] and by which he governed[(govern):vt.统治，管理] his life.They are the principles[(principle):n.原则;原理;准则,为人之道],many of them,which I learned at my mother\'s knee[n.膝盖].

1、这些是我和我太太在教育子女的时候所尽力倚仗的信条，这些是我父亲所深信并以之为人生律条的信条，这些信条中的大部分是我从母亲的膝下秉承而来的。 2.They point the way to usefulne and happine[n.幸福；愉快] in life,to courage[n.勇气，胆略] and peace[n.和平] in death[n.死].

2、这些信条告诉人们如何快乐而有所作为地活着，也告诉人们如何勇敢而安详地面对死亡。

3.If they mean to you what they mean to me,they may perhaps be helpful also to our sons for their guidance[n.指导] and inspiration[n.灵感].

3、假如这些信条于诸位的意义如同它们于我的意义，那么也许它们可以有效地指导和鼓舞我们的儿女们。 4.Let me state[n.国家；(美国的)州] them:

4、让我说出这些信条：

5.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] in the supreme[adj.最大(程度)的,极度的] worth[adj.值......的] of the individual[n.个人,个体] and in his right to life,liberty[n.自由 n.权利],and the pursuit[n.从事的事务,研究] of happine[n.幸福；愉快].

5、我相信，个人拥有无上的价值，拥有生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。 6.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that every right implies[(imply):v.暗示,含有…意思] a responsibility[n.责任]; every opportunity[n.机会],an obligation[n.义务,职责,责任]; every poeion[n.所有；拥有；财产；所有物],a duty.

6、我相信，每一项权利都必然包含着责任，每一个机遇都必然包含着义务，每一种获得都必然包含着职责。

7.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that the law[n.法律，法令] was made for man and not man for the law[n.法律，法令]; that government[n.政府] is the servant[n.仆人] of the people and not their master[vt.精通；掌握].

7、我相信，法律为人而制，而非人为法律而生，政府是人民的公仆，而非人民的主人。

8.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；in the dignity[n.尊严] of labor[n.劳动],whether with head 认为]

or hand; that the world owes[(owe):vt.欠(债等)] no man a living but that it

15 中油职称外语考试2010版

owes[(owe):vt.欠(债等)] every man an opportunity[n.机会] to make a living.

8、我相信，无论体力劳动还是脑力劳动都是高尚的，世界不会让人不劳而获，而会给人-次谋生的机会。

9.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that thrift[n.节俭,节约] is eential[adj.不可缺少的;必要的] to well-ordered[a.安排得很好的] living and that economy[n.经济] is a prime[a.首要的,主要的;最好的,第一流的] requisite[a.需要的n.必需品] of a sound financial[adj.财政的,经济的] structure[v.组织,安排],whether in government[n.政府],busine,or personal[adj.私人的；个人的] affairs[(affair):n.事情；事].

9、我相信，无论在政府、商业还是个人事务中，勤俭节约都是合理安排生活之基本要素，而经济适用是健全的金融机制之必需。

10.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that truth[n.真相；实际情况] and justice[n.正义，公正] are fundamental[a.基本的,根本的] to an enduring[adj.持续的,持久的] social[adj.社会的；社交的] order.

10、我相信，真理和正义是任何一个长治久安的社会秩序之基础。

11.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] in the sacredne[(sacred):adj.神圣的] of a promise[vi.&vt.允诺；答应],that a man\'s word should be as good as his bond[n.债券],that character-not wealth[n.财富，or power[n.力；动力；or position-is of supreme[adj.财产] 电力] 最大(程度)的,极度的] worth[adj.值......的].

11、我相信，承诺是神圣的；我也相信，假如人的言语能和契约同样可靠，那么这种品质-而非财富、权势与身份地位--就具有至高无上的价值。 12.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that the rendering[(render):v.使得,使成为] of useful service[n.服务] is the common duty of mankind[n.人类] and that only in the purifying[(purify):vt.提纯,精炼(金属)] fire of sacrifice[v.牺牲] is the dro[n.浮渣,碎屑,渣滓] of selfishne[(selfish):adj.自私的] consumed[(consume):v.消耗,消费;心中总想着] and the greatne of the human[n.&a.人(的)，人类(的)] soul[n.灵魂；心灵；气魄] set free.

12、我相信，人类共同的职责是有用地服务社会，只有在自我牺牲的炼火中，自私的沉渣才会被焚为灰烬，人类灵魂中的伟大情操才会显现。

13.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；in an all-wise and all-loving God[n.神；认为] (大写)上帝],named by whatever[pron.&conj.凡是......的事物；无论什么；不管什么] name,and that the individual\'s[(individual):n.个人,个体] highest fulfillment[n.满意,满足],greatest happine[n.幸福；愉快],and widest usefulne are to be found in living in harmony[n.和谐] with his will.

13、我相信，有一位无所不知、大慈大悲的上帝存在--尽管人们对他的称呼各不相同--人们能在与他的意志相和谐的生活过程中得到最高的满足感、最大的幸福感，以及最广博的成就感。

14.I believe[vt.&vi.相信；认为] that love is the greatest thing in the world; that it alone can overcome[v.战胜,克服] hate; that right can and will triumph[n.胜利] over might[v.aux.可能；也许].

14、我相信，世界上最伟大的事物就是爱，只有爱能够战胜仇恨，而真理能

16 中油职称外语考试2010版

够而且必定能击败强权。

15.These are the principles[(principle):n.原则;原理;准则,为人之道],however[然而；可是；尽管如此] formulated[(formulate):v.确切地表达(某思想)],for which all good men and women throughout[prep.遍及；贯穿] the world,irrespective[adj.不考虑的,不顾及的] of race or creed[n.信仰,信条],education[n.教育；培养],social[adj.社会的；社交的] position[n.位置],or occupation[n.(formal)工作,职业],are standing,and for which many of them are suffering[(suffer):vt.遭受；忍受 vi.受痛苦；受损害] and dying.

15、无论怎样表达，以上就是那些信条-世界上所有不计种族、信仰、宗教、地位或职业的善良的人们所代表的信条--而且正是为了这些信条，他们中许多人正在忍受折磨，甚至正在死去。

16.These are the principles[(principle):n.原则;原理;准则,为人之道] upon[prep.在...上] which alone a new world recognizing[(recognize):vt.认出(=recongnise)] the brotherhood[n.兄弟般的关系] of man and the fatherhood[n.父亲的身分,父权] of God[n.神；(大写)上帝] can be established[(establish):v.使人接受(信仰、风俗、要求等)].

16、只有凭借这些信条，人类才能建立起人人如手足、上帝如慈父的新世界。

九、The art of public[adj.公共的；公开的] Speaking 公共演讲的艺术

1.The need for effective[adj.有效的] public[adj.公共的；公开的] speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime[adv.将来某个时候,过去某个时间] in your life.When it does,you want to be ready.But even if you never give another speech[n.in your life,you still have much to gain[vt.赢得；挣得] from studying public[adj.演讲]

公共的；公开的] speaking.Your speech[n.演讲] cla will give you training in researching[(research):n.研究；调查] topics[(topic):n.话题],organizing[(organize):vt.组织] your ideas,and presenting yourself skillfully[(skillful):adj.娴熟的;熟练的].The training is invaluable[adj.价值高得无法估量的;极宝贵的] for every type[vt.打字 n.类型] of communication[n.通讯;传达;交通].

1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。 2.There are many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] between public[adj.公共的；公开speaking and daily conversation[n.谈话；交谈].The three major[a.较大的；主要的] goals 的]

of speaking-to inform[vt.告诉，通知],to persuade[vt.说服；劝说],to entertain-are also the three major[a.较大的；主要的] goals of everyday[adj.每日的，日常的] conversation[n.谈话；In conversation[n.谈话；交谈],almost without thinking about it,you employ[vt.交谈].a wide range[n.一系列] of skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧].You organize[vt.组织] your ideas 雇用]

logically[(logical):adj.合逻辑的;推理正确的].You tailor your meage to your audience[n.听众].You tell a story for maximum[n.&a.最大量(的)] impact[n.影响].You adapt[v.使适应,17 中油职称外语考试2010版

to feedback[n.回授,反馈,反应] from your listener.These are among the most important skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧] you will need for public[adj.公共的；公开的] speaking.使适合]

2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。演说的三个主要目的是：传达、说服、吸引，这些也是日常交谈的三个主要目的。在交谈中，你已经不假思索地使用很多技巧。你有条理地组织你的观点，你根据听众修改信息。你选择讲述某个故事以取得最大的效果。你从听众的反馈中改变自己。这些是你在公开演讲时所需要的最重要的技巧。

3.Of course,public[adj.公共的；公开的] speaking is also different from conversation[n.谈话；交谈].First,public[adj.公共的；公开的] speaking is more highly structured[(structure):v.组织,安排] than conversation[n.谈话；交谈].It usually imposes[(impose):v.加(负担、惩罚等)于] strict time limitations[(limitation):n.局限] on the speaker,and it requires[(require):vt.需要；要求] more detailed[(detail):n.细节] preparation[n.准备] than dose[n.剂量] ordinary[adj.普通的；平常的] conversation[n.谈话；交谈].Second,speechmaking requires[(require):vt.需要；要求] more formal[adj.正式的] language.Listeners react[v.反应] negatively[(negative):a.负面的,不良的] to speeches[(speech):n.演讲] loaded[(load):n.担子；货物] with slang[n.俚语;行话,黑话],jargon[n.行话],and bad grammar[n.语法].Third,public[adj.公共的；公开的] speaking demands[(demand):vt.要求] a different method[n.方法，办法] of delivery[n.(货物或邮件的)投递,送交].Effective[adj.有效的] speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] adjust[v.调整] their voices[(voice):n.说话声；嗓音] to the larger audience[n.听众] and work at avoiding[(avoid):v.避免] distracting[(distract):v.分散;转移(注意力)] physical[a.身体的；体力上] mannerism[n.(言语、写作中的)特殊习惯,怪癖] and verbal[adj.文字的,用文字的] habits[(habit):n.习惯；习性].

3、当然，公开演说不同于交谈。首先，公开演讲比交谈要有更高的组织结构性。公开演说者通常受严格的时间限制，故此它需要比普通交谈更细致的准备。其次，公开演说需要使用正式语言。听众对充满俚语、行话、和语法错误的讲话反应消极。第三，公开演说需要用一种不同声调和姿势。有影响力的演说者调整他的声调去面对大量的观众，力求避免分散人注意力的身体习惯动作，力求避免习惯性口头语。

4.One of the major[a.较大的；主要的] concerns[(concern):n.忧虑,焦虑] of students in any speech[n.演讲] cla is stage[n.舞台；时期；阶段] fright[n.害怕,恐怖,惊恐].Actually[(actual):a.实succeful[adj.成功的；有成就的] speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] are nervous[adj.际的，现实的],most 紧张不安的] before making a speech[n.演讲].Your speech[n.演讲] cla will give you an opportunity[n.机会] to gain[vt.赢得；挣得] confidence[n.信心] and make your nervousne[(nervous):adj.紧张不安的] work for you rather than against you.You will take a big step toward overcoming[(overcome):v.战胜,克服] stage[n.舞台；时期；阶段] fright[n.害怕,恐怖,惊恐] if you think positively[(positive):adj.积极的],choose speech[n.演讲]

topics[(topic):n.话题] you really care about,prepare[vt.准备；调制；配制] thoroughly[adv.完全地],and concentrate[v.专心致志于] on communicating[(communicate):vi.交往 vt.传送] with your audience[n.听众].Like many students over the years,you too can develop confidence[n.信心] in your speechmaking abilities[(ability):n.能力；才能].

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4、在任何一个演讲教室里，学生最主要的担心之一就是怕上台。事实上，最成功的演说家在发表一场演讲之前也会紧张。你的演讲教室将给你一个获得信心的机会，让你的紧张的神经帮助你而不是阻碍你。如果你能这样积极地考虑，你将会朝着战胜怯场的方向迈进一大步：选择你真正关心的演讲主题，充分地准备，集中精力与你的听众沟通。如同过去的许多同学一样，你同样能够在你的演讲能力上提高信心。

5.The speech[n.演讲] communication[n.通讯;传达;交通] proce[n.过程;步骤] as a whole includes[(include):vt.包含；包括] seven elements-speaker,meage,channel,listener,feedback[n.回授,反馈,反应],interference[n.干涉,妨碍],and situation[n.形势；情况].The speaker is the person who initiates[(initiate):v.开始,发起] a speech[n.演讲] transaction[n.事务,交易].Whatever[pron.&conj.凡是......的事物；无论什么；不管什么] the speaker communicates[(communicate):vi.交往 vt.传送] is the meage,which is sent by means of a particular[adj.特殊的；特别的] channel.The listener receives the communicated[(communicate):vi.交往 vt.传送] meage and may provide[vt.提供] feedback[n.回授,反馈,反应] to the speaker.Interference[n.干涉,妨碍] is anything that impedes[(impede):v.妨碍;阻碍,阻止] the communication[n.通讯;传达;of a meage,and the situation[n.形势；情况] is the time and place in which 交通]

speech[n.演讲] communication[n.通讯;传达;交通] occurs[(occur):vi.发生].The interaction[n.交seven elements[(element):n.要素,基本构成部分] is what determines[(determine):vt.&vi.流] of these 决定；决心] the outcome[n.结果,效果] in any instance[n.例子,事例] of speech[n.演讲] communication[n.通讯;传达;交通].

5、语言交流的过程，整体而言包括七个要素：演说者、信息、沟通途径、听众、反馈、外界干扰、和现场形态。演说者是演讲事件的开始者。演说者传递的是信息，它必经某种特定沟通途径传送出去。听众接受传达到的信息，并且向演说者提供反馈。外界干扰是妨碍信息沟通的任何事物，而现场形态是演说发生的时间和地点。这七个要素的相互作用决定任何情况下演说交流的效果。 6.Because speechmaking is a form of power[n.力；动力；电力],it carries with it heavy ethical[adj.道德的,合乎道德标准的] responsibilities[(responsibility):n.责任].Ethical[adj.道德的,合乎道德标准的] speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] use sound means to achieve[vt.完成；达到] sound goals.They do this by being well informed[(inform):vt.告诉，通知] about their subjects by being honest[adj.诚实的；正直的] in what they say,by using sound evidence[n.证据],and by employing[(employ):vt.雇用] valid[a.有效的;正当的] reasoning[(reason):n.理由；原因].

6、因为演讲是力量的一种表现形态，它承载着很重的道德责任。有道德的演说者用声音的方式去实现声音的目的。他们通过很好阐述他们的主题、通过诚实于他们所说的话、通过使用可靠的论据、以及通过正确的评论做这件事。

十.A Gentleman[n.绅士；先生] 何为绅士

19 中油职称外语考试2010版

The Victorian[维多利亚时代的] gentleman[n.绅士；先生] must have been really something to behold[v.目睹,看见] if the following article[n.文章] is true.For any woman who has dreamed[(dream):vt.&n.梦；梦想] of \"Knight[n.骑士] in shining armor[n.盔甲]\",the perfect[a.完美的；极好的] man,or just a man who would give up the TV remote[adj.control[vt.控制],you have found him here.Remember,these gentleman[n.遥远的;偏僻的]

绅士；先生] mostly existed[(exist):vi.存在] in the Victorian[维多利亚时代的] era[n.时代,年代].Few of us may be lucky enough to find one in the 20th century.For those of you still looking,you may get some good tips[(tip):n.梢，末端；小费] on things to look for in a man.For those of you who are married[(marry):vt.&vi.使成婚；结婚],take heart and remember,your husband may not resemble[v.相像] the \"Victorian[维多利亚时代的] Gentleman[n.绅士；先生]\",but you love him anyway[ad.不管怎样].如果下面这篇文章是真实的，那莪维多利亚女王的绅士真的值得关注了。对于那些梦想找到一个“身穿光亮铠甲的骑士”、一个完美男人或者一个仅仅是放弃电视要哦那个的男人的女人来说，你在这里就可以找到了。记住，这些绅士大多存在于维多利亚时代.在21世纪，很少有人能够幸运地找到一个。对于那些在寻找的人，你可能在寻求的标准上得到一些好的提示，对于那些已经结婚的人来说，你们要有信息并且记得，你的丈夫可能不像“维多利亚女王时代的绅士”，但是不管怎么样，你爱他。 What is a gentleman[n.绅士；先生]? 到底什么样的人才算得上一个绅士呢It is almost a definition[n.定义] of a gentleman[n.绅士；先生] to say he is one who never inflicts[(inflict):v.使遭受(损伤、痛苦等)] pain.This description[n.描述；描写] is both refined[(refine):v.使变得完善;改进] and,as far as it goes,accurate[a.准确的,正确无误的].He is mainly[adv.大体上；主要地] occupied[(occupy):v.占领;忙于] in merely[adv.仅仅；只不过] removing[(remove):vt.移动；拿走；脱掉（衣服等）] the obstacles[(obstacle):n.障碍(物),妨碍] which hinder[vt.阻碍,妨碍] the free and unembaraed action[n.行动] of those about him,and he concurs[(concur):v.同意,观点一致] with their movements[(movement):n.动作，活动] rather than takes the initiative[n.主动的行动,倡议] himself.绅士是个从来都不会给人带来痛苦的人，这几乎成了绅士的定义。这一描述不仅精炼，而且现在看来也依然是准确的。他的主要职责就是消除那些阻碍周围的人自如行动的障碍。而且他与其他人行动一致，而不是采取主动。 His benefits[(benefit):n.好处] may be considered[(consider):vt.考虑] as parallel[a.平行的;to what are called comforts[(comfort):n.安慰；慰藉 vt.安慰] or conveniences[(convenience):n.相同的]

方便,合宜;便利设施,方便的用具] in arrangements[(arrangement):n.商定之事,协商;筹划,准备] of a personal[adj.私人的；个人的] nature[n.自然]: like an easy chair or a good fire,which do their part in dispelling[(dispel):vt.驱散,驱逐] cold and fatigue[n.疲乏,疲倦],though nature[n.自然] provides[(provide):vt.提供] both means of rest and animal heat[n.热 vt.把......加热] without them.他的益处相当于个人生活中给人们带来舒适或便利的事物，就像安乐椅或温

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暖的火，能够驱除寒冷和疲劳，尽管没有它们，大自然也能提供休息的场所，人也可以靠体温来保持温暖。

The true gentleman[n.绅士；先生] in like manner carefully avoids[(avoid):v.避免] whatever[pron.&conj.凡是......的事物；无论什么；不管什么] may cause[vt.促使；引起；使发生] ajar[adj.(门、窗等)微开的] or a jolt[n.震动;震惊v.颠簸,弹跳] in the minds of those with whom he is cast[n.clashing[(clash):n.碰撞声;抵触,冲突] of opinion[n.见解；看法],or collision[n.戏剧等的全体演员];---all 碰幢] of feeling,all restraint[n.克制,抑制,限制;约束措施,约束条件],or suspicion[n.怀疑],or gloom[n.忧郁,沮丧;昏暗,阴暗],or resentment[n.怨恨;忿恨]; his great concern[n.忧虑,焦虑] being to make every one at their ease[v.缓和,减轻] and at home.同样，真正的绅士会小心避免给接触到的人造成思想上的混乱或震动。他会小心避免给接触到的人造成思想上的混乱或震动。他会小心避免一切意见上的冲突，情感上的冲撞，避免一切拘束、怀疑、忧郁或怨恨；对他来说，让每个人都觉得轻松自在是头等大事。

He has his eyes on all his company[n.公司]; he is tender[(tend):v.倾向于,趋于] towards the bashful[adj.害羞的,难为情的],gentle[a.和蔼的;轻柔的] towards the distant[adj.远的；遥远的],and merciful[a.仁慈的，宽大的] towards the absurd[adj.荒谬的,可笑的;不合理的]; he can rocollect to whom he is speaking; he guards[(guard):n.防护装置；警戒] against unseasonable[a.不合时宜的] allusions[(allusion):n.提及,暗示],or topics[(topic):n.话题] which may irritate[vt.激怒;引起he is seldom[adv.很少；不常] prominent[adj.著名的,重要的] in conversation[n.谈话；交谈],and 不愉快]; never wearisome[a.使疲倦的,使厌倦的,厌烦的].He makes light of favours[(favour):n.好感;赞同;恩while he does them and seems to be receiving when he is conferring[(confer):vt.惠]

赠予,协议 vi.协商].他关注他周围所有的人，他对害羞的人体贴，对冷淡的人温和，对愚蠢的人宽容，他会注意谈话的对象，他会提防不恰当的影射，或是一些可能令人不安的话题。他很少在谈话中突出自己。但也不令人感到乏味。在给别人帮助时，他会轻描淡写，让人感觉他似乎是在接受帮助而不是给予帮助。

He never speaks of himself except when compelled[(compel):vt.强迫,迫使屈服],never defends[(defend):vt.防守；保卫] himself by a mere[adj.仅仅] retort[v.反击;反驳],he has no ears for slander[n.&vt.诽谤,诋毁] or goip[n.闲聊],is crupulous in imputing[(impute):v.归于,(尤指不公正地)归咎于] motives[(motive):n.动机,目的] to those who interfere[v.干扰;妨碍;干涉,介入] with him,and interprets[(interpret):v.理解] everything for the best.他从不谈论自己，除非情势所迫，他从不为自己辩护，就连一句反驳也不说，他从不听信闲言碎语，当有人妨碍自己时，他会极为审慎地推测他们这么做的动机；他会尽量把事情往好处想。

He is never mean or little in his disputes[(dispute):v.对…提出异议],never takes unfair[adj.不公平的] advantage[n.优点；好处],never mistakes personalities[(personality):n.个or sharp[adj.锋利的；尖的] saying for arguments[(argument):n.辩论],or insinuates[(insinuate):vt.性]

暗示] evil[n.罪恶] which he dare[v.aux.敢；敢于] not say out.From a long-sighted[a.眼力好的,有先见之明的,卓见的] prudence[n.谨慎,小心],he ovserves the maxim[n.格言,普遍真理] of the

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ancient[adj.古代的;远古的] sage[n.哲人,圣贤之人],that we should ever conduct[vt.引导；带领] ourselves towards our enemy[n.敌人；敌军] as if he were one day to be our friend.争论时他从不采取卑劣的手段，从不利用别人的弱点，从不把他人的个性或尖锐的言辞当作吵架的由头，也不会含沙射影地说一些他不敢直接说出来的令人不舒服的话。基于有先见之明的深谋远虑，他尊奉先贤的格言，那就是我们对待敌人的态度要好像他将来某一天会成为我们的朋友一样。

He has too much good sense[n.感觉；意识] to be affronted[被冒犯的] at insults[(insult):v.侮辱],he is too well employed[(employ):vt.雇用] to remember injuries[(injury):n.伤害；受伤处],and too indolent[adj.懒惰的] to bear malice[n.恶意].He is patient[n.病

resigned[adj.听任于,顺从],on principles[(principle):n.人],forbearing[(forbear):v.忍耐,克制,容忍],and 原则;原理;准则,为人之道],he submits[(submit):vt.使服从 vi.服从] to pain,because it is inevitable[adj.不可避免的],to bereavement[n.丧失,死别],because it is irreparable[a.无法修复的,不可弥补的],and to death[n.死],because it is destiny[n.命运].If he engages[(engage):v.从事] in controversy[n.争论,争议] of any kind,his disciplined[(discipline):n.克制,遵守纪律] intellect[n.智力,理解力] preserves[(preserve):v.保存] him from the blunder[vi.犯大错 n.大错].他极为明智，能避免遭到侮辱，他非常忙碌，以至于记不住别人对他的伤害，他又十分懒散，不会去怨恨别人。从哲学原则上讲，他是耐心的，宽容的，顺从的。他承受痛苦，因为这是不可避免的。他忍受丧亲之痛，因为这是无法挽回的，它直面死亡，因为这是他最终的命运。如果他陷入任何争议之中，他训练有素的智力会使他免于做错事情。

十一.Smoking and Cancer[n.癌症] 吸烟和癌

1.Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes[(cigarette):n.纸烟；香烟] every year (1970 figures[(figure):n.塑像；画像]).This is roughly[(rough):adj.粗糙的] the equivalent[n.等价物] of 4,195 cigarettes[(cigarette):n.纸烟；香烟] a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more.It is estimated[(estimate):v.估计] that 51% of American men smoke compared[(compare):vt.比较；对照] with 34% of American women.

1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。据估计，美国有51％的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为34％。

2.Since 1939,numerous[adj.为数众多的,无数的] scientific[adj.科学的] studies have been conducted[(conduct):vt.引导；带领] to determine[vt.&vi.决定；决心] whether smoking is a health hazard[n.危险].The trend[n.趋向,趋势] of the evidence[n.证据] has been consistent[adj.一致的,符合的] and indicates[(indicate):v.表明] that there is a serious health risk[n.危险;风险].Research[n.研究；调查] teams have conducted[(conduct):vt.引导；带领] studies that show beyond[prep.在...的那边] all reasonable[adj.合情理的,适度的] doubt[n.vi.&vt.怀疑；疑惑] that tobacco[n.烟草；烟叶] smoking,particularly[(particular):adj.特殊的；特别的] cigarette[n.纸烟；香烟]

22 中油职称外语考试2010版

smoking,is aociated[(aociate):v.使联系起来] with shortened[(shorten):vt.弄短,缩小,减少] life expectancy[n.预料,预计,期待].

2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。证据所显示的趋势是一贯的，并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。

3.Cigarette[n.纸烟；香烟] smoking is believed[(believe):vt.&vi.相信；认为] by most research[n.研究；调查] workers in this field to be an important factor[n.因素] in the development[n.发展；开发] of cancer[n.癌症] of the lungs[(lung):n.肺，肺脏] and cancer[n.of the throat[n.喉咙] and is believed[(believe):vt.&vi.相信；认为] to be related[(relate):vi.癌症]

有关；涉及] to cancer[n.癌症] of the bladder[n.膀胱] and the oral[adj.口头的；口述的] cavity[n.Male[adj.男(性)的] cigarette[n.纸烟；香烟] Smokers[(smoker):n.吸烟者] have a higher death[n.龋齿].死] rate[n.比率;率] from heart disease[n.病；疾病] than non-smoking males[(male):adj.男(性)的].(Female[a.女性的；妇女的] smokers[(smoker):n.吸烟者] are thought to be le affected[(affect):vt.影响] because they do not breathe[vi.呼吸] in the smoke so deeply.) The majority[n.大多数] of doctors and researchers[(researcher):n.研究人员] consider[vt.考虑] these relationships[(relationship):n.关系] proved[(prove):vt.证明] to their satisfaction[n.满意] and say,\"Give up smoking.If you don\'t smoke-don\'t start!\"

3、这方面的研究人员大都相信吸卷烟是产生肺癌、喉癌的重要因素，还认为膀胱癌、口腔癌也与此有关。男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。(他们认为女性吸烟者受影响小一些，因为她们吸烟不那么深。)大多数医生和研究人员认为，上述那些关系已得到令人满意的证实，并且告诫说：“戒烟吧，如果你不会抽-那可不要学!”4.Some competent[adj.能干的] physicians[(physician):n.医生,(尤指)内科医生] and research[n.研究；调查] workers-though their small number is decreased[(decrease):v.减少] even further-are le sure of the effect[n.效果；作用] of cigarette[n.纸烟；香烟] smoking on health.They consider[vt.考虑] the increase[vt.in respiratory[a.呼吸的] diseases[(disease):n.病；疾病] and various[adj.各种各样的] forms 增加；繁殖] of cancer[n.癌症] may poibly[adv.可能地；也许] be explained[(explain):vt.&vi.解释；说明] by other factors[(factor):n.因素] in the complex[adj.难于理解或解释的;复杂的] human[n.&a.人(的)，人类(的)] environment[n.环境] -atmospheric pollution[n.污染],increased[(increase):vt.增加；繁殖] nervous[adj.紧张不安的] stre[n.压力,紧张],chemical[n.化学物 adj.化学的] substances[(substance):n.物质] in proceed[(proce):n.过程;步骤] food,or chemical[n.化学物 adj.化学的] pesticides[(pesticide):n.杀虫剂] that are now being used by farmers in vast[adj.巨大的；广阔的]

quantities[(quantity):n.量；数量] to destroy[vt.破坏；毁坏] insects[(insect):n.昆虫] and small animals.Smokers[(smoker):n.吸烟者] who develop cancer[n.癌症] or lung[n.肺，肺脏] diseases[(disease):n.病；疾病],they say,may also,by coincidence[n.巧合],live in industrial[adj.工业的] areas[(area):n.地区，区域],or eat more canned food.Gradually[adv.isolating[(isolate):v.使隔离,使孤立] all 逐渐地],however[然而；可是；尽管如此],research[n.研究；调查] is other poible factors[(factor):n.因素] and proving[(prove):vt.证明] them to be statistically[adv.根据统计数据来看,从统计学的观点来看] irrelevant[adj.不相干的,离题的].

4、有些精通业务的医生和研究人员-虽然这些人不多，并且人数在进一步减少-不那么肯定

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吸卷烟对人体健康有影响。他们认为呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多也许可以说是由于人类复杂环境中另外一些因素，即：空气的污染、人们精神压力的增大、经过加工的食品中的化学物质、或化学杀虫药引起的。农民现在大量使用这些农药杀死昆虫和小动物。据他们说，那些患了癌症或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工业区，或是吃了更多的罐头食品。但是研究工作逐渐排除了其它因素的可能性，并且用统计数字证明这些因素是无关的。

5.Apart[ad.相距；分开] from the scientific[adj.科学的] statistics[n.统计数字,统计资料],it might[v.aux.可能；也许] be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco[n.烟草；烟叶]

actually[(actual):a.实际的，现实的] does to the human[n.&a.人(的)，人类(的)] body.Smoke is a mixture[n.混合物] of gases[(gas):n.煤气；汽油；天然气],vaporized[(vaporize):v.(使)蒸发,吹牛]

chemicals[(chemical):n.化学物 adj.化学的],minute particles[(particle):n.粒子,微粒] of ash[n.灰，灰末],and other solids[(solid):n.&adj.固体(的)].There is also nicotine[n.尼古丁],which is a powerful[adj.强大的] poison[n.毒药],and black tar[n.柏油,焦油].As the smoke is breathed[(breathe):vi.呼吸] in,all these components[(component):n.组成部分,部件,元件 a.组成的,构成的] form deposits[(deposit):vt.使沉淀;存放] on the membranes[(membrane):n.膜,隔膜] of the lungs[(lung):n.肺，肺脏].One point of concentration[n.集中,聚精会神;浓度] is where the air tube[n.管子],or bronchus[n.支气管],divides[(divide):vt.&vi.分；划分].Most lung[n.肺，肺脏] cancer[n.癌症] begins at this point.

5、除了科学统计之外，研究工作还有助于认清吸食烟草对人体的实际影响。抽烟产生的烟雾是一种混合的气体，包括气化的化学物质，极小的灰末微粒和其它固体，还有毒性很强的尼古丁和黑焦油。当吸进烟时，所有这些成分就都沉淀在肺膜上。在气管和支气管分支的地方有一个集中点。大部分肺癌就从这里发端。

6.Smoking also affects[(affect):vt.影响] the heart and blood[n.血，血液] veels[(veel):n.容器;船,飞船;管].It is known to be related[(relate):vi.有关；涉及] to Beurger\'s disease[n.病；疾病],a narrowing of the small veins[(vein):n.静脉,血管,矿脉] in the hands and feet that can cause[vt.促使；引起；使发生] great pain and lead[vt.领导；过(生活)] even to amputation[n.切断,切断手术] of limbs[(limb):n.肢,臂,腿;树枝].Smokers[(smoker):n.吸烟者] also die much more often from heart disease[n.病；疾病].

6、抽烟也影响心脏和血管。现已查明抽烟与伯尔格氏病有关。这种疾病使手脚的细静脉不断缩小，从而引起剧烈疼痛甚至会导致截肢。抽烟者死于心脏病的也比不吸烟的人多得多。

7.While all tobacco[n.烟草；烟叶] smoking affects[(affect):vt.影响] life and expectancy[n.预料,预计,期待] and health,cigarette[n.纸烟；香烟] smoking appears[(appear):vi.出现] to have a much greater effect[n.效果；作用] than cigar[n.雪茄烟，叶卷烟] or pipe[n.smoking.However[然而；可是；尽管如此],nicotine[n.尼古丁] consumption[n.消费;消耗量] is 管子；输送管]

not diminished[(diminish):v.减少] by the latter[n.后者] forms,and current[adj.当前的;现今的] research[n.研究；调查] indicates[(indicate):v.表明] a causal[adj.原因的,关于因果的] relationship[n.between all forms of smoking and cancer[n.癌症] of the mouth and throat[n.关系]

24 中油职称外语考试2010版

.Filters[(filter):n.滤器,过滤嘴 v.过滤,透过] and low tar[n.柏油,焦油] tobacco[n.烟草；烟叶] are claimed[(claim):v.声称] to make smoking to some extent[n.程度,范围] safer,but they can only marginally[(marginal):a.记在页边的;边缘的] reduce[vt.减少；缩减],not eliminate[v.消除,排除] the hazards[(hazard):n.危险].喉咙]

7、尽管吸食各种烟草都会影响预期寿命和健康，但是抽香烟的影响要比抽雪茄和抽烟斗大得多。不过，后两种并不能减少对尼古丁的吸食，并且当编者注：本篇文章写作日期较早。事实上，近年来美国吸烟人口比率以及吸烟量一直在持续下降。根据美国疾病预防与控制中心的报告，2003年美国抽烟人口比率已经下降到

21、6％。美国对吸烟有明确的法律规定：未满21周岁的人不得吸烟；在公共场所，如图书馆、教堂、超市、饭店、公共汽车、地铁等处不得吸烟。美国对烟草行业的征税特别重，故烟价很高，这也是限制吸烟的重要措施。前的研究指出各式各样的吸烟都和口腔癌、喉癌有某种因果关系。据称过滤嘴香烟和低焦油烟草能使吸烟在某种程度上比较安全，但是这只能略微减少危害，而不能消除危害。

十二.Taking chances[(chance):n.机会；可能性],Making chances[(chance):n.机会；可能性] 抓住机

遇，制造机遇

Lecturer[(lecture):n.讲演；演讲] Charles[n.查尔斯] Hobbs sometimes tells about a woman who lived in London over a century ago.She saved what little money she could working as a scullery[n.碗碟洗涤处,碗碟储藏室] maid[n.女仆；侍女] and used it one evening to hear a great speaker of her day.His speech[n.演讲] moved her deeply and she waited to visit with him afterward[adv.以后].\"How fine it must be to have had the opportunities[(opportunity):n.机会] you have had in life,\" she said.演说家查尔斯·霍布斯经常会在他的演说中引用这样的故事。一百多年前，伦敦住着一位女士，她以给人帮厨为生。生活虽然很艰难，她还是省吃俭用地攒了一点儿钱，并用这点儿钱去听了一场演讲。演讲者是一位在当时非常著名的演说家。他的演讲深深地感染了她，也触动了她。演讲结束之后，她并没有立即离去，而是去拜访了那位演说家。“要能像您这样一生中拥有这么多的机会那该有多好啊！”她羡慕道。

\"My dear lady.\" he replied[(reply):n.回答，答复],\"have you never received an opportunity[n.机会]?\" “哦，亲爱的女士，”那位演讲家问道，“难道您从未得到过任何机会吗？”\"Not me.I have never had a chance[n.机会；可能性],\" she said.“是的，我从未得到过任何机会。”她很沮丧。 \"What do you do?\" the speaker asked.“那您是做什么工作的？”演讲家问道。

25 中油职称外语考试2010版

She answered,\"I peel[vt.剥(皮),削(皮)] onions[(onion):n.洋葱，洋葱头] and potatoes in my sister\'s boarding[(board):n.木板] house.\" “我在我姐姐开的寄宿公寓里帮厨，剥剥洋葱，削削土豆。”她答道\"How long have you been doing this?\" he pursued[(pursue):v.(继续)从事或忙于(某事物)].“你做这事多长时间了？”演讲家追问。 \"Fifteen miserable[adj.痛苦的] years!\" “都已经干了15年了，难熬的15年啊！”\"And where do you sit?\" he continued[(continue):vi.&vt.继续].“您工作的时候坐在哪里呢？”演讲家继续问。

\"Why,on the bottom[n.底部；底] step in the kitchen.\" She looked puzzled.“您为什么问这个？”她感到非常的迷惑，“我就坐在厨房最低的一级台阶上。”\"And where do you put your feet?\" “那么您把脚放在哪里呢？”\"On the floor,\" she answered,more puzzled.“放在地板上啊。”她惊讶地望着演讲家。 \"What is the floor?\" “那地板是什么样的？”\"It is glazed[(glaze):v.(因疲倦、疲劳)等指眼睛变得呆滞,毫无表情] brick[n.砖；砖块].\" “是用釉面砖铺就的。”Then he said,\"My dear lady,I will give you an aignment[n.任务,作业] today.I want you to write me a letter about the brick[n.砖；砖块].\" 著名的演讲家说道：“亲爱的女士，今天，我要给您布置一项任务。我想让您写一封信给我，谈一谈您对砖的认识。”Against her protests[(protest):v.抗议,反对] about being a poor writer,he made her promise[vi.&vt.允诺；答应] to complete[vt.完成；结束] the aignment[n.任务,作业].女士以自己根本就不会写信为由拒绝他的建议，但是，演讲家坚持要她完成这项任务。

The next day,as she sat down to peel[vt.剥(皮),削(皮)] onions[(onion):n.洋葱，洋葱头],she gazed[(gaze):v.注视,凝视] at the brick[n.砖；砖块] floor.That evening she pulled one loose[a.松散的；宽松的],took it to a brick[n.砖；砖块] factory and asked the owner to explain[vt.&vi.解释；说明] to her how bricks[(brick):n.砖；砖块] were made.第二天，当她坐在厨房的台阶上剥洋葱的时候，目光不禁聚焦在了釉面砖铺就的地板上。她专门跑到砖厂向厂主请教砖头是如何制造出来的。

Still not satisfied[(satisfy):vt.满足；使满意],she went to a library and found a book on bricks[(brick):n.砖；砖块].She learned that 120 different kinds of brick[n.砖；砖块] and file[n.档案] were being produced in England at the time.She discovered[(discover):vt.发现] how clay[n.粘土,泥土;肉体] beds,which existed[(exist):vi.存在] for millions of years,were formed.Her research[n.研究；调查] captivated[(captivate):vt.26 中油职称外语考试2010版

her imagination[n.想象；想象力] and she spent every spare moment learning more.She returned to the library night after night and this woman,who never had a chance[n.机会；可能性],gradually[adv.逐渐地] began to climb the steps of knowledge.迷惑,迷住]对于厂长的解释她并不满意，于是，她又跑到了图书馆。通过查阅资料，她了解到，在当时的英国，一共有一百二十多种砖瓦在生产。她还发现了已经存在了数百年的粘土层是如何形成的。她已经完全沉浸在她的研究之中了，她的思想也已经被她的研究完全占据了。每天晚上，她都会准时到图书馆查阅资料。 After months of study,she set out to write her letter as promised[(promise):vi.&vt.允诺；答应].She sent a 36-page document[n.用文件证实或证明(某事)] about the brick[n.砖；砖块] in her kitchen and,to her surprise,she received a letter back.Enclosed[(enclose):vt.围住,圈起;附上] was payment[n.偿付的钱] for her research[n.研究；调查].He had published[(publish):vt.出版；发行] her letter! And along with the money came a new aignment[n.任务,作业] - this time he asked her to write about what she found underneath[ad.在下面,在底下] the brick[n.砖；砖块].经过几个月的研究之后，她按照演说家的要求写信。在这封长达36页的信中，她详细地介绍了厨房里地砖的有关情况。令她吃惊的是，不久以后，她就收到了回信。随信而来的，还有她的研究所获得的报酬。原来，那位演讲家把她的信拿去发表了！不仅如此，演讲家又给她布置了一项新任务：写一些她在厨房地砖下面发现的东西。

For the first time in her life she could hardly wait to get back to the kitchen! She pulled up the brick[n.砖；砖块] and there was an ant[n.蚂蚁].She held it in her hand and examined[(examine):vt.检查；诊察] it.女士一生中第一次受到极大的鼓舞，她迫不及待地返回厨房，她撬起一块砖头一看，发现下面有一只蚂蚁。她把它拿在手心仔细地观察。

That evening,she hurried back to the library to study ants[(ant):n.蚂蚁].She learned that there were hundreds of different kinds of ants[(ant):n.蚂蚁].Some were so small they could stand on the head of a pin[vt.(用别针等)别住；(用钉等)钉住]; while others were so large one could feel the weight[n.重；重量] of them in one\'s hand.She started her own ant[n.蚂蚁] colony[n.殖民地;侨居地] and examined[(examine):vt.检查；诊察] ants[(ant):n.蚂蚁] underneath[ad.在下面,在底下] a lens[n.透镜,镜片;镜头].那天晚上一下班，她便急匆匆地赶到图书馆，去查阅有关蚂蚁的书籍了。通过研究，她了解到世界上有好几百种各种各样的蚂蚁。有的蚂蚁很小很小，小到可以站在针尖上，而有的则很大很大，大到放在手上都能感觉到它们的重量。为了便于研究，他还专门养了一群蚂蚁，每天都拿着放大镜仔细观察。 Several months later she wrote her findings[(finding):n.发现;调查结果] in a 350-page \"letter.\" It,too,was eventually[adv.最终] published[(publish):vt.出版；发行].She soon quit[v.停止(做)某事物] her kitchen job[n.工作] to take up writing.

27 中油职称外语考试2010版

经过几个月的观察与研究，她把她研究蚂蚁的发现写成了一封长达350页的“信”寄给了演说家。当然，这封“信”最终也发表了。不久以后，她便辞去了那份帮厨的工作，开始了她的写作生涯。

Before she died,she had traveled to the lands of her dreams[(dream):vt.&n.and had experienced[(experience):n.经验；经历] more than she ever imagined[(imagine):vt.梦；梦想]

想象；设想] poible! This is the woman who had never had a chance[n.机会；可能性].直到她去世之前，她几乎游历了所有她梦寐以求要去的地方，而且还体验了许多她曾经想都不敢想的事情！这就是那位曾经感叹自己从未得到过任何机会的女人！Some people wait for opportunity[n.机会] to come knocking.Here is a person who sought[(seek):vt.试图；探寻] it out,proving[(prove):vt.证明] again that we can be more than victims[(victim):n.罹病者,受害者] of mere[adj.仅仅] circumstance[n.(usually pl.)环境,情况].有些人等着机会来敲门，而这个人却是去寻找机会。她再次证明我们不应该仅仅成为环境的受害者，我们可以做得更多。

If given a chance[n.机会；可能性],will you take it? If given no chance[n.机会；可能性],can you make one? 如果得到了机会，你能抓住它吗？如果没有机会，你能创造一个机会吗？

十三.The Province[n.省] of Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] 阿尔伯达省

1.Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] is located[(locate):v.探明,找出] in the western[adj.西方的，西部的] part of Canada and is the westernmost[a.最西的;极西的] among the Prairie[n.大草原] Provinces[(province):n.省].To its west is British[adj.英国的；英国人的] Columbia[n.哥伦比亚] while to its east is Saskatchewan[n.萨克其万].Its south borders[(border):n.边,边缘;边界] on the U.S.state[n.国家；(美国的)州] of Montana[n.蒙大纳] while its north borders[(border):n.边,边缘;边界] on the Northwest Territories[(territory):n.领土,领地].Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] is a most popular place for people to go to on their vacations[(vacation):n.假期，休假] because of its beautiful scenery[n.景色;风景].The Canadian Rockies[n.洛基山脉] running through it have earned[(earn):vt.挣得；赚得] for it the proud[adj.骄傲的；自豪的] name of \"Fifty Switzerland[n.瑞士(欧洲)] in One.\"

1、阿尔伯达省位于加拿大的西部，也是草原诸省中最西部的一个省份。它的西边是不列颠哥伦比亚省，东部是萨斯喀彻温省，它的南部与美国的蒙大拿州接壤，而北部则与西北地区相连。由于阿尔伯达省风景优美，人们都很喜欢去那里度假。纵贯全境的加拿大落矶山脉为它赢得了“集50个瑞士于一省”的美名。 2.With an area[n.地区，区域] of approximately[adv.大概, 大约] 255,212 square miles[(mile):n.英里],equivalent[n.等价物] to 661,000 square kilometers[(kilometer):n.千米,公里],it is the fourth largest province[n.省] in Canada.Although[conj.尽管，虽然] it has a population of only 3.26 million,about one fifth of the population of Shanghai,it ranks[(rank):n.(职务、身份、社会地位等的)等级] also 4th in population among

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Canadian provinces[(province):n.省].The province[n.省] was named after Prince[n.Louis[n.路易斯] Caroline[n.凯若琳,(女子名)] Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]],a daughter of 公主,王妃]

Queen Victoria[n.维多利亚] of England.It became a province[n.省] of Canada in 1905.

2、该省面积约为255212平方英里，相当于661000平方公里，是加拿大第四大省。虽然它的人口只有326万，仅及上海人口的约五分之一，但在加拿大诸省中它的人口数也居第四位。阿尔伯达省是以英国维多利亚女皇的一个女儿路易斯·卡洛琳·阿尔伯达公主的名字命名的。它于1905年成为加拿大的一个省份。

3.The people of Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] originally[(original):adj.原先的] came from many different countries.More than half of the Albertans came from Britain.Others came from Austria[n.奥地利],Ruia[n.俄罗斯] and the Scandinavian[a.斯干那维亚的] countries.As only a small number were French Canadians,who migrated[(migrate):vi.迁移,移居] to Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] from the eastern[adj.东方的；东部的] part of Canada,the major[a.较大的；主要的] language spoken in the province[n.省] is English,with the exception[n.例外] of a few bilingual[a.双语的] towns north of Edmonton[埃德蒙顿[加拿大西南部城市](阿尔伯达省省会)].Although[conj.尽管，虽然] there are only a limited[adj.有限的] number of Indians living on reservations[(reservation):n.保留意见,保留态度;预定] now,two hundred years ago they were the only inhabitants[(inhabitant):n.居民,住户] in what is now called Alberta[n.亚伯达[加

3、阿尔伯达省的人民最初来自很多不同的国家。其中一半以上来自拿大西部之一省]].英国，另一些人来自奥地利、俄国和斯堪地那维亚国家。由于只有少数从加拿大东部迁宋的法裔加拿大人，因此除了在埃德蒙顿北部有几个双语种小镇之外，该省所使用的主要语言是英语。现在，虽然只有人数有限的印第安人居住在保留地上，但是在两百多年前，他们是居住于现在称之为阿尔伯达省的唯一居民。 4.The first settlers[(settler):n.移居者；开拓者] of Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] were cattle[n.牛(总称)；家畜] ranchers[(rancher):n.大农(牧)场主或工人].Even now,raising[(raise):vt.使升高；饲养 vt.饲养] cattle[n.牛(总称)；家畜] is still one of the leading[(lead):vt.领导；过(生活)]

branches[(branch):n.树枝；分枝] of economy[n.经济].But at present many more Albertans are farmers,who raise[vt.使升高；饲养 vt.饲养] millions of tons[(ton):n.吨] of wheat[n.小麦],oats[(oat):n.燕麦,麦片粥] and barley[n.大麦,大麦粒],the also plant sugar beets[(beet):n.甜and potatoes in the southern part of the province[n.省].In the northern 菜根]

part,like the Indians who lived there before them,the hunters[(hunter):n.搜寻者] trap[n.使陷入困境] such fur-bearing animals as squirrels[(squirrel):n.松鼠],beavers[(beaver):n.河狸] and foxes.Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] is also rich in forest resources[(resource):n.资源,财富;应变能力,谋略],coal[n.煤] and oil[n.油].It is one of the main[adj.主要的] timber[n.木材,木料] producing provinces[(province):n.省] in Canada.Owing[(owe):vt.欠(债等)] to its rich deposit[vt.使沉淀;存放] in oil[n.油],petroleum[n.石油] industry[n.工业；产业] has become one of the most important industries[(industry):n.of the province[n.省],with many oil[n.油] fields and refineries[(refinery):n.工业；产业]

精炼厂].Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] also produces more coal[n.煤] than any other

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province[n.省].

4、阿尔伯达省的首批移民是牧场经营者。即使时至今日，畜牧业仍然是经济的主要部门之一。但现在阿尔伯达人中更多的是农民，他们生产成百万吨的小麦、燕麦和大麦。在该省的南部他们还种植甜菜和土豆。在北部，猎人们象生活在他们之前的印第安人一样捕捉毛皮兽，诸如松鼠、河狸和狐狸等。阿尔伯达还有丰富的森林资源、煤矿和石油。它是加拿大木材的主要生产省份之一。由于该省石油蕴藏量丰富，石油工业已成为该省最重要的工业主一，油田和炼油厂比比皆是。阿尔伯达出产的煤也多于其他任何省份。

5.The provincial[adj.偏狭的,粗俗的] capital Edmonton[埃德蒙顿[加拿大西南部城市](阿尔伯达省省会)],with a population of about 1,016,000,is the second largest city in the province[n.省].The largest city is Calgary.In 1967,it had a population of about 330,000.But after a lapse[n.终止] of 40 years,it now has more than 1,060,000 inhabitants[(inhabitant):n.居民,住户].The third largest city is Lethbridge,having a population of about 67,000 persons.People in those cities work in meat-packing plants,flour[n.面粉] mills[(mill):n.工厂],dairies[(dairy):n.and refineries[(refinery):n.精炼厂].Some work in canneries[(cannery):n.罐头工厂] and 牛奶场;乳制品]

beet-sugar factories.

5、省会埃德蒙顿人口约为101.6万，是该省第二大城市。第一大城市是卡尔加里，1967年的人口是33万，但时隔40年之后，它的居民总数已超过106万。第三大城市是莱斯桥，约有人口

6、7万。这些城市的居民大多在肉类加工厂、面粉厂、乳制品厂和炼油厂工作。有的则在罐头食品厂和甜菜制糖厂工作。 6.The climate[n.气候] in Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] is pleasant[a.令人愉快的；舒适的],particularly[(particular):adj.特殊的；特别的] in summer,when the average[adj.平均的] temperature is about 60 degrees[(degree):n.度；度数；学位] Fahrenheit[a.华氏的;华氏温度计的].In winter,it is much colder and in the north,the temperature can drop to 20 degrees[(degree):n.度；度数；学位] below zero.Although[conj.尽管，虽然] the best season for traveling is the summer months of June,July and August,many tourists[(tourist):n.旅行者；观光者] are attracted[(attract):vt.吸引；引起] to the first rate[n.skiing[(ski):n.滑雪板 v.滑雪] ground at the resorts[(resort):v.求助于,诉诸于] of Banff and 比率;率]

Jasper[n.碧玉,绿色装饰用宝石].

6、阿尔伯达气候宜人，特别是夏天，平均气温为华氏60度左右。冬天的气候则要冷得多，北部的气温有时可降到零下20度。虽说旅游的最佳季节是

6、

7、8月的夏季，但是旅游胜地班夫和嘉思帕的第一流的滑雪场地也吸引了很多游客。 7.Alberta[n.亚伯达[加拿大西部之一省]] is located[(locate):v.探明,找出] in the Mountain Standard[a.标准的] Time Zone[n.区域，范围].12 o\'clock at Noon in Edmonton[埃德蒙顿[加拿大西南部城市](阿尔伯达省省会)] is 2 p.m.Eastern[adj.东方的；东部的] Standard[a.标准的] Time.

7、阿尔伯达位于山地标准时时区。埃德蒙顿中午12点即东部标准时间下午2点。

十四.A World without Oil[n.油] 假如世界没有石油

30 中油职称外语考试2010版

1.Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil[n.油]? Take a look at your day.The roof[n.屋项；顶部] of your home is probably[adv.很可能；大概] made waterproof[a.不透水的,防水的] by an oil[n.油] product[n.The same product[n.产品；成品] is used for the road surface[n.产品；成品],bitumen[n.沥青].表面] outside your home.Before you leave to go to work or school,just examine[vt.检查；诊察] your surroundings[(surrounding):a.周围的].Is the room warmer than the cold air outside? Oil[n.油],or electricity[n.电；电流] from oil-fed generators[(generator):n.发电机;发生者] may be keeping you comfortably[adv.舒适地] warm.If you are comfortably[adv.舒适地] cool in a tropical[adj.热带的] climate[n.气候],your air conditioning[(condition):n.条件；状况] unit[n.单元] may also depend[vi.依靠；相信；信赖] on oil-fed generators[(generator):n.发电机;发生者].1.你曾想过没有，如果世界上用尽了石油，你的生活会发生什么样变化呢？请看一看你的日常生活。你家的屋顶可能是用一种叫沥青的石油产品做成防水的。沥青同样可用来铺你家外面的路面。在你离家去上班或上学之前，请观察一下你周围的环境。房间里会比外面冷空气暖和吗？这是石油或由燃油发电机发出来的电使你感到舒适温暖。如果你在炎热的气候里感到舒适凉爽，那么你家的空调器可能也是靠燃油发电机工作的。

2.In the kitchen and the bathroom[n.浴室；盥洗室] you will probably[adv.很可能；大概] see some plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] fittings[(fitting):n.装置；设备] such as tiles[(tile):n.瓷砖] and working surfaces[(surface):n.表面]; polystyrene[n.聚本乙烯] cups; curtains[(curtain):n.窗帘] made from synthetic[a.合成的,人造的;虚假的] materials[(material):n.材料；

detergents[(detergent):n.洗涤剂].All owe[vt.欠(债原料]; disinfectants[(disinfectant):n.消毒剂] and 等)] their origin[n.起源,开端] to the oil[n.油] known as petroleum[n.石油] (Latin[a.拉

\'petra\',rock,and Latin[a.拉丁的 n.拉丁语] \'oleum\',oil[n.丁的 n.拉丁语]/Greek[n&a.希腊人(语)（的）]

油]),found deep in the earth.Look inside the medicine cupboard[n.器皿柜] for more petroleum[n.石油] products[(product):n.产品；成品],medical[adj.医学的；医疗的] paraffin[n.石and petroleum[n.石油] jelly[n.果冻].Cosmetics[n.化妆品] such as face creams[(cream):n.蜡]

and hair preparations[(preparation):n.准备] are often 奶油，乳脂],lipsticks[(lipstick):n.唇膏,口红]

based[(base):n.根据地；基地] on petroleum[n.石油].

2、在厨房和浴室里你可能看到一些塑料器具，如塑料地板和塑料操作台面、聚苯乙烯杯子、合成材料的浴帘、消毒剂和去污剂。所有这些都是来自称为“Petroleum[n.石油]”的石油。“Petroleum[n.石油]”(石油)是(由拉丁或希腊文\"petro\"(岩石)和拉丁文\"oleum[n.发烟硫酸]\"(油)组成)，深埋在地下。向药厨里看看，你可以找到更多的石油产品，如药用石蜡和凡士林。化妆品如雪花膏、唇膏、洗发剂等，常用石油作为基本原料。

3.When you\'re out,notice[n.通知；布告] the fields and gardens.Fertilizers[(fertilizer):n.肥料] and insecticides[(insecticide):n.杀虫剂] made from petroleum[n.石油] can improve[vt.改进；更新] crop[n.庄稼] production[n.生产；制作].Recently[adv.近来] protein[n.蛋白质] feeds[(feed):vt.喂(养)；饲(养)] for animals have been developed by

31 中油职称外语考试2010版

growing yeast[n.酵母] in a petroleum[n.石油] based[(base):n.根据地；基地] stock[n.证券,股票].As you head for your bus,train or car,all of which use petroleum[n.石油] products[(product):n.产品；成品] in the form of fuel[n.燃料] to move them and lubricants[(lubricant):n.润滑剂] to keep them in working order,take a look in the mirror.What are you wearing today? A polyester[n.多元酯] shirt or dre,nylon[n.尼龙,耐纶] socks or stockings,and acrylic[a.丙烯酸的] sweater-a raincoat of PVC[永久虚电路] (polyvinyl[a.乙烯聚合物的] chloride[n.氯化物])? All of these are based[(base):n.根据地；基地] on petroleum[n.石油] products[(product):n.产品；成品].

3、当外出时你会看到农田和花园。化肥和杀虫剂是由石油制取的，可以使农作物增产。最近已经研制出一种动物食用的蛋白质饲料，它是用石油作为基本原料加上酵母而制成的。公共汽车、货车或小轿车，都是靠石油产品作燃料开动的，用润滑油保持这些车辆正常工作。当你去乘车之前要照一照镜子。看看今天穿什么衣服好？是化纤服装（衬衫还是外套），是尼龙袜（短袜还是长袜），晴纶毛衣还是塑料雨衣？而所有这些都是用石油产品作原料的。

4.Scientists[(scientist):n.科学家] predict[v.预言] that the world\'s known oil[n.油] resources[(resource):n.资源,财富;应变能力,谋略] will run out early in the next century.But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities[(priority):n.优先考虑的事].Can we afford[vt.担负得起(......的费用)；抽得出(时间)；提供] to use so much of our limited[adj.有限的] petroleum[n.石油] supplies[(supply):vt.供给，供应] for private[a.私人的] motoring? Should airlines[(airline):n.航空公司；航空系统] compete[vi.比赛；竞赛] on similar routes[(route):n.a way of achieving something] allowing[(allow):vt.允许，准许] planes to fly long distances[(distance):n.距离] with empty paenger[n.乘客；旅客] seats? What alternative[adj.非传统的,不同的] energy[n.精力；能量] resources[(resource):n.资源,财富;应变能力,谋略] can be developed?

4、科学家预言世界上已探明的石油资源将在下个世纪初用尽。但远在那时候以前，世界就必须确定石油是优先考虑控制使用的物资。石油储量既然有限，我们还能把那么多的石油用于私人汽车吗？难道航空公司还应该为了在类似的航线上竞争而允许他们的客机有空座的长途飞行吗？能开发出什么样的替代能源呢？

5.There is an old English saying,\"Neceity[n.必要性] is the mother of invention,\" which means that when you are faced with a need you will discover[vt.发现] some way of fulfilling[adj.令人高兴的,令人满意的] it.Already scientists[(scientist):n.科学家] are proposing[(propose):v.提出;建议,提议] some fascinating[adj.吸引人的,迷人的] solutions[(solution):n.解决方法].There is one suggestion[n.建议] that the wheeled[(wheel):n.轮，机轮] traffic and the footsteps[(footstep):n.脚步;脚步声;足迹] of crowds walking the streets in major[a.较大的；主要的] cities could generate[v.发生] energy[n.One company[n.公司] has presented an idea in which metal strips[(strip):n.精力；能量].狭长的一块(材料、土地等)] inserted[(insert):vt.插入] in pavements[(pavement):n.人行道] and roads operate fly wheels[(wheel):n.轮，机轮] by means of a piston[n.活塞] action[n.行动] using hydraulic[a.水力的,水压的] fluid[n.液体].They say the human[n.&a.人(的)，人类(的)] and

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wheeled[(wheel):n.轮，机轮] traffic in a busy city center[(cent):n.分] could provide[vt.enough energy[n.精力；能量] to light the streets of an entire[adj.整个的；全部的] town 提供] or power[n.力；动力；电力] the heating[(heat):n.热 vt.把......加热] system[n.体系；系统] for a hospital or school.Some people are developing sophisticated[adj.世故的;老练的]

versions[(version):n.版本] of the windmill[n.风车].Engines[(engine):n.引擎；发动机] can run on alcohol[n.酒],so surplus[n.过剩,剩余 adj.剩余的,过剩的] sugar cane[n.手杖] could be used to produce energy[n.精力；能量].An air ship powered[(power):n.力；动力；电力] by energy[n.精力；能量] from the sun has been suggested[(suggest):vt.建议；提议].Such \"sun ship\" would have a large enough surface[n.表面] area[n.地区，区域] to carry the enormous[adj.巨大的] number of solar[a.太阳的,日光的] cells[(cell):n.细胞] neceary[adj.必要的；必需的] to move any appreciable[a.可估价的;可察觉的] load[n.担子；货物].Such \"sun ship\" might[v.aux.可能；也许] travel at over one hundred kilometers[(kilometer):n.千米,公里] an hour.In such circumstances[(circumstance):n.(usually pl.)环境,情况],of course,the tropical[adj.热带的] parts of the world would have a head start in the race to find new energy[n.精力；能量] sources[(source):n.来源,提供消息者].

5、英国有一句古话“需要是发明之母”。这意味着当你面对一种需要时，你将发现一种方法满足它。科学家们已经在提出一些迷人的解决方案。有一个建议提出，在大城市街道上，拥挤的人群走的脚步和路面上往来行使的车辆可以用来生产能量。一个公司提出这样想法：嵌在人行道和路面上的金属条用液压活塞的作用使飞轮转动。他们说，在繁华大城市的中心，人群和过往车辆可提供足够的能量为整个城镇的街道照明或者为一个医院或学校提供供暖系统的动力。某些人正在研制高级的风车技术。发动机可用乙醇作燃料开动，因此，过剩的甘蔗可用来产生能量。还有人建议用太阳能作动力来驱使飞艇。这种“太阳能飞艇”必须要很大的面积以携带大量的太阳能电池，这样才有可能运载可观的载荷。这种“太阳能飞艇”也许每小时能航行100多公里。当然倘若这样，世界的热带地区在寻找新能源的竞赛中将会领先一步。

十五.How Animals Hear 动物如何听到声音

1.When we talk about ears,we usually mean the oddly[(odd):adj.奇数的] wrinkled[adj.有皱纹的] appendages[(appendage):n.附加物] on the sides of our heads.

1、当我们提到耳朵，通常指那个生长在我们头部两侧的奇怪的褶皱的附属肢体。

2.We are aware[a.知道的,意识到的] that at the end of the central[adj.中心的，中央的] hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear,with an eardrum[n.耳膜] and a few little bones[(bone):n.骨，骨头].Even deeper lies the inner ear,the organ[n.器官] with which we \"hear\".

2、我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有东西称为中耳，它由一个耳鼓和一些小骨骼构成。而真正能使我们“听”的器官在更深处的内耳。

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3.Animals such as dogs and cats also have conspicuous[adj.明眼的,惹人注目的;炫outer ears,but few of us probably[adv.很可能；大概] ever stopped to think 耀的,摆阔气的]

whether there might[v.aux.可能；也许] be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath[prep.在…下面] those pointed tips[(tip):n.梢，末端；小费].Yet,we know very well that these animals hear.

3、诸如猫和狗这样的动物也有引人注目的外耳，但很少人能够停下来去想，在竖立的尖儿下面，是否那里也有类似于中耳和内耳的东西。但是我们很清楚地知道这些动物都能够听到。

4.Birds are even more mysterious[adj.神秘的;难以理解的],because here we do not even see an outer ear.The same is true to still a larger degree[n.度；度of such animals as frogs[(frog):n.蛙] and fishes,although[conj.尽管，虽然] in the 数；学位]

frog[n.蛙] we can at least[n.最少量；最少] see an eardrum[n.耳膜].

4、鸟类甚至更为神秘，因为我们甚至看不到它们有一个外耳。还有很大数量的动物如青蛙和鱼类也是如此，虽然我们至少可以看到青蛙有一个耳鼓。 5.Again,at one time or another,you may have found that all such animals hear.Hunters[(hunter):n.搜寻者] know that birds are attracted[(attract):vt.吸引；引起] by artificial[adj.假的,人工的] calls,and fishermen[n.渔夫,钓鱼者,渔船] emphasize[v.强调] that you should be as quiet(原文quite) as poible if you don\'t want to go home empty handed.And if you ever hunted[(hunt):vt.追猎；猎取] frogs[(frog):n.蛙] in your childhood[n.幼年；童年],you know how softly you had to tread[v.踏,踩]! Moreover[adv.而且,除此之外],it seems absurd[adj.荒谬的,可笑的;不合理的] that birds should sing and frogs[(frog):n.蛙] croak[n.蛙鸣声],if they could not even hear their own voices[(voice):n.说话声；嗓音].

5、此外，你可能曾经发现所有的这些动物都在听。猎人们知道鸟类会被人造的声音所吸引，渔夫们则强调，如果你不想空手而归的话就要尽可能的安静。如果你在童年抓过青蛙，你应该知道要多么轻柔地走动。说实在，青蛙在叫，鸟儿在唱，如果它们甚至听不到自己发出的声音，岂不荒谬。

6.By direct[vt.&vi.导演] observations[(observation):n.注意;观察] and many experiments[(experiment):n.实验],biologists[(biologist):n.生物学家] have discovered[(discover):vt.发现] that practically[(practical):adj.实际的；实用的] all animals have some sense[n.感觉；意识] of hearing or vibration[n.振动,颤动].Earthworms[(earthworm):n.蚯蚓] feel vibrations[(vibration):n.振动,颤动] in the soil[n.土壤；土地],fish can be trained to respond[v.反应,回应] to certain[adj.某种；一定的] tones[(tone):v.定调子],male[adj.男(性)的]

mosquitoes[(mosquito):n.蚊子] are attracted[(attract):vt.吸引；引起] by the sound of the female[a.女性的；妇女的],and frogs[(frog):n.蛙] will respond[v.反应,回应] to a tape recording[(record):n.记录 vt.记录；记载] of their own voices[(voice):n.说话声；嗓音].

6、通过直接观察和许多试验，生物学家已经发现，实际上所有的动物都具有某种听觉或振动感。蚯蚓在土壤里能感觉震动，鱼类可以训练的对特定的音调有反应，雄性蚊子可以被雌性蚊子的声音所吸引，青蛙对它们自己的声音的录

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音有所反应。

7.The inner ear is composed[(compose):v.组成,构成] of delicate[a.纤细的;易碎的]

membranes[(membrane):n.膜,隔膜] which bear dense[adj.浓密的] patches[(patch):n.补钉;碎片 vt.补缀] of specialized[(specialize):vi.成为…专家;专攻] cells[(cell):n.细胞] called maculae[macula的复数形].Each of these collections[(collection):n.收藏品；收集物] of cells[(cell):n.细胞] can carry a meage to the brain[n.脑(子)].What meage is carried by a macula[n.(皮肤上的)斑点] depends[(depend):vi.依靠；相信；信赖] upon[prep.在...上] how it is affected[(affect):vt.影响].The meage which is carried is not,however[然而；可是；尽管如此],always connected[(connect):vt.&vi.连接；把......联系起来] with the hearing sense[n.感觉；意识].For instance[n.例子,事例],a certain[adj.某种；一定的] kind of tadpole[n.蝌蚪] can tell the depth[n.深；深度；厚度] of the water it is swimming in by the pitch[n.音调] of a tone[v.定调子] which is produced by its own lungs[(lung):n.肺，肺脏].

7、内耳由脆弱的薄膜构成，它承载着密集的由被称作斑疹的特殊细胞构成的片。每个这样的细胞群都能够把信息传递给大脑，而斑疹承载怎样的信息依赖于它是怎样受影响的。但是被承载的信息并不总是与听觉相连。举个例子，有一种蝌蚪能感知它所游泳之处水的深度，它是通过某种自己肺部产生的声音的音调来判定的。

8.In the human[n.&a.人(的)，人类(的)] and all other mammals[(mammal):n.哺乳动物],the macula[n.(皮肤上的)斑点] has developed into an organ[n.器官] which can easily be seen.This organ[n.器官] is called the cochlea[n.蜗].This spiral[n.螺旋形的东西,螺旋弹簧] shaped[(shape):n.形状；外形] organ[n.器官] contains[(contain):vt.包含；包括] the macula[n.(皮肤上的)斑点] itself and it is called \"organ[n.器官] of Corti\" after its discoverer[(discover):vt.发现].If you have ever seen a snail[n.蜗牛;行动缓慢的人] shell[n.壳,荚,甲壳,介壳],you know how a cochlea[n.蜗] looks.

8、对于人类和其他所有哺乳类动物来说，斑疹已经进化成为一种很容易看见的器官，这种器官称作“耳蜗”。这一螺旋形的器官包括了MACULAE[macula的复数形]本身，以及后来被其发现者称为“CORTI”的器官。如果你看到过蜗牛的壳，你就知道耳蜗的形象。

9.When sound waves[(wave):n.(热、光、声的)波] enter[(ENT):耳鼻喉科] the cochlea[n.蜗],which is really a tube[n.管子] coiled[(coil):n.(一)卷;线圈 vt.卷] around,they set a membrane[n.膜,隔膜] into a back and forth[adv.等等] motion[n.移动] and cause[vt.促使；引起；使发生] a new wave[n.(热、光、声的)波].This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute[n.笛] or whistle[n.口哨；口哨声].The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented[(prevent):vt.预防；防止] by the holes from going through,while the low sounds are produced by allowing[(allow):vt.允许，准许] more of the air to pa.All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds.The loudne of a sound is evidently[adv.明显地] produced by how much the membrane[n.膜,隔膜] is cause[vt.促使；引起；使发生] to move.

9、当声波进入耳蜗这条盘旋的管道，它令薄膜前后移动并且产生新的波动。

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这种方式类似于长笛或是哨子所产生的高低音。当洞穴被阻挡导致空气不能通过通道时就产生高音，而有更多空气通过通道时则产生低音。这些造成了高音和低音的不同。而声音的大小则明显的决定于耳膜运动。

10.Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect[n.效果；作用] of preure[n.压力] is not definitely[(definite):a.明确的；肯定的] known by scientists[(scientist):n.科学家] as yet.We do know,however[然而；可是；尽管如此],that nature[n.自然] has set up some very delicate[a.纤细的;易碎的] hearing mechanisms[(mechanism):n.机械装置;办法,途径] for its creatures[(creature):n.生物(尤指动物)].Scientists[(scientist):n.科学家] must explore[v.勘探;探究] much further[ad.更远地；进一步地] for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.

10、对于所有的动物来说，听觉是否真的因为气压的影响而产生，至今科学家们仍然没有明确的了解。但是我们知道，自然界已经为它的生物们建立了一些非常精细的听觉机制。科学家们必须进行更加深入地探讨才能够对动物如何应用它们的耳朵获得更多的知识。

十六.The Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] Languages日耳曼语系

1.Most people have heard of the Tower[n.塔] of Babel[n.巴别塔] story in the Bible[n.基督教《圣经》].According[a.按照；根据] to this story,long ago all people spoke the same language.Later,however[然而；可是；尽管如此],they were punished[(punish):vt.&vi.处罚，惩罚] by speaking a great number of different tongues[(tongue):n.舌；舌头].Today,there are literally[adv.字面上地] thousands of different languages (defined[(define):v.画出轮廓,勾勒] as mutually[(mutual):a.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的] unintelligible[adj.不可能理解的,难懂的] tongues[(tongue):n.舌；舌头]) around the world,though many are related[(relate):vi.有关；涉及] to one another.Indeed[ad.确实；实在],the two largest language families,the Indo-European[a.印欧语系的 n.印欧语系] (the language family with the largest number of speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭]) and Sino-Tibetan (containing[(contain):vt.包含；包括] the Chinese languages,Thai[n.泰国人,泰国语],Vietnamese[n.越南人],and Tibetan[n.&a.藏族(的)]) include[vt.包含；包括] hundreds of languages with over half the world\'s population.1.大多数的人都听说过圣经中巴别塔的故事。故事称很久以前，人们说的是同一种语言。但是，后来人们遭受惩罚，而开始说各种不同的语言。今天，全世界真是有好几千种不同的语言（此处指的是彼此无法相通的语言），虽然其中语言彼此都有所关联。的确，这两个最大的语系，印欧语系（最多人使用的语系）和汉藏语系（包括华语、泰语、越语和西藏语），涵盖了几百种不同的语言，使用者也超过了全世界半数的人口。

2.Because there are so many languages within[prep.在......里面] the above two super-categories of language families,linguists[(linguist):n.语言学家] have further[ad.更远地；进一步地] divided[(divide):vt.&vi.分；划分] these linguistically[(linguistical):a.36 中油职称外语考试2010版

rich and geographically[ad.地理学上] diverse[adj.多种多样的,不同的] families into sub-groups,one of which,the Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] language group,has the second-largest number of speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] (Chinese being first).Within[prep.在......里面] this group of over 500,000,000 speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] is the world\'s foremost[adj.最重要的,第一流的] international[adj.国际的]

language,English,foremost[adj.最重要的,第一流的] in terms of its geographic[adj.地理上的] spread[vt.延伸；展开；流传] and number of second-language users[(user):n.用户,使用者].German,spoken by just over 100,000,000 people,is one of the world\'s ten-largest languages in terms of population.As English and German speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] constitute[v.构成] the majorities[(majority):n.大多数] in several of the world\'s most economically[adv.经济上地],militarily[(military):n.军technologically[(technological):a.技术的] developed countries,it is important 方],and to be familiar[adj.熟悉的] with this particular[adj.特殊的；特别的] language grouping.语言的;语学的]2.就因为有太多的语言涵盖于上述的两个超级语系，语言学家就进一步的把这两种语言丰富、地理涵盖范围非常广的语系再区分为几种不同的次级语系，其中的1个就是日耳曼语系，使用这个语系的人数在所有语系中排名第二位（第一位为华语）。在这个有5亿多人口使用的语系中，包括了世界最重要的国际语言，那就是英语。英语之所以称得上是最重要的语言乃因使用的地区很广，且把英语当作第二种语言使用的人口亦很多。有1亿多人操德语，故就人口而言，德语是世界十大语言之一。由于使用英语和德语的人口在几个经济、军事和科技先进的国家中占绝大比例，因此熟悉日耳曼语系的来龙去脉是很重要的。 3.Linguists[(linguist):n.语言学家] further[ad.更远地；进一步地] divide[vt.&vi.分；划分] the Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] languages into three groups,two extant[adj.现存的] and one extinct[adj.绝种的;灭绝的;(火等)熄灭了的].East Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的]

languages are no longer spoken; Gothic[adj.哥特式的,尖拱式的,哥特风格的] is an example of this small and historic[adj.历史上著名的,具有历史意义的] grouping.Afrikaans[n.公用荷兰

German are the 语,南非洲的荷兰语],Dutch[n.荷兰人,荷兰语],English,Flemish[a.Flanders的[人.语]],and more important languages within[prep.在......里面] the West Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] grouping.The Scandinavian[a.斯干那维亚的] languages of Danish[丹麦],Icelandic[a.冰岛的,冰岛人的 n.冰岛语],Norwegian[n.挪威人,挪威语],and Swedish[n.瑞典人,瑞典语] comprise[v.构成,组成] the North Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] grouping.Though these languages cannot be easily understood among their different speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭],the similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] in vocabulary[n.词汇；词汇表] are striking[(strike):vt.侵袭].3.语言学家又进一步地把日耳曼语系分成3个支系，其中两个支系至今仍然存在，另１个支系，也就是东日尔曼语，因无人使用而已不复存。歌德语就属于这种使用者不多但历史悠久的语系。南非荷兰语、荷兰语、英语、佛兰芝语、及德语则属西日耳曼语的几个重要语言。丹麦语、冰岛语、挪威语及瑞典语等北欧语系则属北日耳曼语系。虽然这些不同语言使用者彼此不易沟通，不过词汇的雷同处却很明显。

37 中油职称外语考试2010版

4.Take for example the two largest languages with this group,English and German.The word Haus in German is house in English,with nearly the same pronunciation[n.发音].Some names of German family members are instantly[(instant):n.瞬间,片刻] recognizable[adj.可辩认的,可识别的] to English listeners and readers[(reader):n.读者]: Mutter[v.咕哝,含糊、轻声地说话],Bruder,and Onkel for the English mother,brother,and uncle (all German nouns[(noun):n.名词] are capitalized[(capitalize):v.将…大写;利用] in print[vt.印刷]).Other German family members are easily learned: Vater,Schwester,and Tante for the English father,sister,and aunt.Thus,those who know English and want to study German find their first year of learning vocabulary[n.词汇；词汇表] to be relatively[(relative):n.亲戚；亲属] easy.The same is true,of course,for those who want to learn Dutch[n.荷兰人,荷兰语] or Danish[丹麦] from an English or German background[n.背景]; these many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] are due[adj.预期的；约定的] to the single[adj.单个的；单一的] common parent language of all the Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] tongues[(tongue):n.舌；舌头],even though this \"grandfather[n.祖父;外祖父]\" language no longer exists[(exist):vi.存在].4.就拿日耳曼语系中英语及德语两大语言来说吧，德文的Haus 就是英文的house,发音几乎完全相同。一些德语家庭成员的称呼如：Mutter[v.咕哝,含糊、轻声地说话],Bruder 和Onkel,懂英语的人很快地就知道这些字指的就是mother,bother 和uncle（德文的名词一律大写）。其它有关家庭成员名称的德语说法也很容易学：像Vater,Schwester 和Tante 在英文里指的就是father,sister 和aunt。因此懂英语而想学德语的人，会发现初学词汇的第一年是很容易的一件事。当然，具有英语和德语背景的人要学丹麦语和荷兰语也同样是件易事。这些相似处乃因所有日耳曼语系皆源自共同的母语，尽管这个“爷爷级”的语言已不复存。 5.Speakers[(speaker):n.扬声器,喇叭] and writers[(writer):n.作者,作家] of the Germanic[a.德国的,languages account[n.账户,户头] for a great deal[n.量；数额 v.应付；处理] ofthe 条顿民族的,条顿语的]

world\'s output[n.产量;输出量;输出] in everything from economics[n.经济学] to literature[n.文学,文学作品] to military[n.军方] to scienceand technology[n.技术].Hardly an aspect[n.方面] of modern life does not benefit[n.好处] from thecontributions made by those using these languages,as in the Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网],Hollywoodentertainment,Dutch[n.荷兰人,荷兰语] (Phillips[n.飞利浦]) and Scandinavian[a.斯干那维亚的] consumer[n.消费者] goods design[vt.&n.设计；绘制](Ericon,maker of cellular[adj.移动的;细胞的,由细胞组成的] phones,is a Swedish[n.瑞典人,瑞典语] company[n.公司],as are Volvo and Saab),and even the Nobel[n.诺贝尔] prizes[(prize):n.奖赏，奖品] (awarded[(award):v.授予,给予 n.奖,奖品] by both Norwegian[n.挪威人,挪威语] and Swedish[n.瑞典人,瑞典语] institutes[(institute):n.(研究)所，院]).More than one-third of the world\'s economic[adj.经济的] production[n.生产；制作] originates[(originate):v.发源,开始] in thesecountries,too.5.全球举凡经济、文学、军事乃至科技等方面的产品，有很多都是使用日耳曼语系的人所生产的。现代生活几乎各方面无不受益于这些人的贡献，譬如互

38 中油职称外语考试2010版

联网络，好莱坞娱乐事业，荷兰（菲利普公司）和北欧的消费品设计（生产手机的爱利信公司就是瑞典的一家公司、富豪及绅宝汽车亦是瑞典的公司），甚至诺贝尔奖（由挪威及瑞典学术机构颁发）。全世界的经济生产量有超过三分之一也是源自这些国家。

6.For any speaker of a language outside the Germanic[a.德国的,条顿民族的,条顿语的] language grouppreparing to choose a useful second language for the future[n.将来],English is probablythe best bet[v.打赌].German,too,is very useful in the fields of medicine,economics[n.经济学],military[n.军方],and science and technology[n.技术].Being able to communicate[vi.交往 vt.传送] with others inthis far-reaching[a.深远的,广泛的] linguistic[a.语言的,语言学的] group will offer the user immeasurable[adj.不可计量的,无限的] benefits[(benefit):n.好处].6.对于那些非使用日耳曼语系的人而言，为了前途而准备要选修第二种语言时，英文很可能是最佳的选择。在医学、经济、军事和科技方面，德语也是一样管用。日耳曼语系影响深远，若能使用这种语言与该语系的人沟通将会带来莫大的好处。

十七.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食

1.Coca-Cola is the best-selling[adj.畅销的] soft (non-alcoholic) drink in the world.165 million \"Cokes[(coke):n.焦炭 v.炼焦]\" are sold every day,from the equator[n.赤道,天球赤道] to the Arctic[a.北极的 n.北极].But whereas[conj.反之,而在另一方面] outside the USA Coke[n.焦炭 v.炼焦] tends[(tend):v.倾向于,趋于] to be a young person\'s drink,inside the USA anybody of any age or income[n.收入；所得] can drink it without embarrament[n.尴尬] on any occasion[n.场合].1.可口可乐是全世界销路最好的软饮料(不含酒精的饮料)。从赤道到北极，可口可乐每天的销售量为

1、65亿瓶。在美国，任何人，不论年龄大小、收入多少，都可以在任何场合饮用可口可乐而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。但在美国之外，可口可乐往往是青年人的饮料。

2.Coke[n.焦炭 v.炼焦] is not the only \"cola[n.可乐]\" drink.Pepsi[n.百事可乐] Cola[n.可乐] is a well-known[出名的；众所周知的] rival[n.对手] and has its devotees[(devotee):n.1.皈it is not as sweet as Coke[n.焦炭 v.炼焦].Cola[n.可乐] drinks contain[vt.依者2.狂热者],for 包含；包括] caffeine[n.咖啡因] from the kola[n.可乐[植物名]] nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating[(stimulate):v.鼓励,激励] as well as refreshing[(refresh):v.使恢复精神].2.可口可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。百事可乐是它的著名竞争对手并拥有自己的爱好者，因为它不像可口可乐那么甜。可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的软饮料。

3.There are excellent[adj.极好的；优秀的] wines[(wine):n.酒] produced in California[n.加利福尼亚(美国州名)] which are praised[(praise):vt.&n.赞扬；表扬] by European[adj.欧洲的；欧洲人] connoieurs[(connoieur):n.鉴赏家,行家],but some Americans prefer stronger stuff[n.39 中油职称外语考试2010版

.Well-off[a.顺利的,走运的,手头宽裕的] Americans consume[v.消耗,消费;心中总想着] a lot of alcohol[n.酒] in the form of cocktails-mixtures based[(base):n.根据地；基地] on spirits[(spirit):n.精神；精神实质] like whisky[n.威士忌酒],gin[n.杜松子酒,陷阱,轧棉机] and vodka[n.伏特加].材料,东西]3.加利福尼亚生产的优质葡萄酒得到欧洲的行家们的赞扬，但有些美国人更喜欢烈性酒。很多美国人以喝鸡尾酒的方式消费大量酒精，这种酒是用威士忌、杜松子酒和伏特加之类的烈性酒调制而成的。

4.Hamburgers[(hamburger):n.汉堡包] and hot dogs are perhaps the best known American foods.Hot dogs-sausages between bread rolls-can be bought in snack[n.快餐;点心] bars[(bar):n.棒；杆] and from hot dog stands on street comers[(comer):n.来的人,新来者,有希望的人].And from San Francisco to New York,in cheap or medium-priced[a.中等价位] restaurants,hamburgers[(hamburger):n.汉堡包] will be on all the menus[(menu):n.菜单；菜谱],in company[n.公司] with steaks[(steak):n.牛排],fried chicken and seafood[n.海产品,海鲜].They come with French fries and crisp[adj.脆的；松脆的] green salad[n.色拉(西餐中的一种凉拌菜)].In most cases[(case):n.情况；状况 n.箱(子)；盒(子)] it is certainly good value[n.价值；益处] for money.For deert[n.甜食] you will be offered[(offer):vt.提供] apple pie[n.馅饼],cheese[n.奶酪] cake,chocolate[n.巧克力] layer[n.层次,层面;一层] cake,ice cream[n.奶油，乳脂] and ice cream[n.奶油，乳脂] sundaes[(sundae):n.圣代].No ice cream[n.奶油，乳脂] in the world is more delicious than American ice cream[n.奶油，乳脂].4.汉堡包和热狗也许是最著名的美国食品了。热狗-面包卷夹香肠-可以在街角的小吃店和热狗摊上买到。从旧金山到纽约的中小饭馆，所有乏鞘菜单上都有汉堡包，它与牛排、炸鸡和海味并列。它们与炸薯条和新鲜色拉搁在一起出售。在多数情况下，这笔钱当然值得一花。要甜点心的话，你可以点苹果馅饼、乳酪蛋糕、巧克力夹心蛋糕、冰淇淋和冰淇淋圣代。世界上没有哪个地方的冰激淋比美国的更好吃了。

5.The American paion[n.激情] for speed[n.速度 v.(使)加速] has now hit the food busine.Many restaurants,in particular[adj.特殊的；特别的] the great chain[n.连锁；链条；锁链] restaurant company[n.公司],Macdonald\'s,specialize[vi.成为…专家;专攻] in fast food\",food which is served[(serve):vt.招待(顾客等)；服务；端上(饭菜等)] at the counter ready \"to go\",or \"to take out\".The food,cooked and hot,is packed[(pack):v.into cardboard[n.厚纸板] and plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] containers[(container):n.容器],and 包；捆；群]

hot drinks go into plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] cups with tight-fitting lids[(lid):n.盖子].There are also drive-in[n.顾客无需下车即可得到服务的餐馆] fast food restaurants,where the customer[n.顾客；主顾] does not even have to leave his or her car.They first stop at a board[n.木板] where the menu[n.菜单；菜谱] is displayed[(display):n.展览,陈列],give an order through a microphone[n.麦克风,话筒,传声器] and then drive another twenty yards,where a gift hands them the meal,ready cooked and packed[(pack):v.包；捆；群].People who prefer to eat at a table in the restaurant also receive their food in cardboard[n.厚纸板] or plastic[n.&adj.塑

40 中油职称外语考试2010版

containers[(container):n.容器],and the knives,forks[(fork):n.叉；餐叉] and spoons[(spoon):n.are plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)],too.When they have finished,customers[(customer):n.匙，调羹]

顾客；主顾] throw everything except the tray[n.托盘,盘子] into a trash[n.废物,垃圾] can.料(的)]5.美国人追求“快”的激情目前已经影响到了饮食业。许多饭馆，尤其是大型连锁饮食公司“麦当劳”，专门做“快餐”，也就是在柜台随时可以买到或带走的食物。饭菜做好了，趁热就装进纸板或塑料制的容器。热饮料则装入盖子盖得很严的塑料杯中。还有服务到车上的“路旁”快餐店，顾客甚至用不着离开小汽车。他们先在一块写有菜单的牌子前停车，通过麦克风订饭菜，然后再往前开20码，就有女服务员递上做好并装在盒里的饭菜。愿意在饭馆里坐在餐桌边进餐的人的饭菜也同样装在纸板或塑料制的容器中，刀、叉、汤匙也都是塑料做的。顾客吃完了，除了盘子以外，其余都扔进垃圾箱。

6.In most cities,large and small,you can eat Mexican[n.墨西哥人,墨西哥语 a.墨西哥的] or Italian[n.意大利人(语)] food.And even small towns have a coffee shop serving[(serve):vt.招待(顾客等)；服务；端上(饭菜等)] simple meals,drinks of all kinds-and excellent[adj.极好的；优秀的],freshly-made coffee.You sit at the counter,or are served[(serve):vt.招待(顾客等)；服务；端上(饭菜等)] at a table.Service[n.服务] in restaurants and coffee shops is efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的] and friendly.Waiters and waitrees[(waitre):n.女服务员] often introduce[vt.介绍] themselves.\"Hi! I am Don (Debbie[n.黛比]).What can I get you folks[(folk):adj.民间的]?\" This friendline[n.友好,友善] is natural[adj.自然的；天然的] and not entirely[(entire):adj.整个的；全部的]

influenced[(influence):n.影响;势力] by the hope of a high tip[n.梢，末端；小费].In any case[n.usually tip[n.梢，末端；小费] 15% of the check.One of the 情况；状况 n.箱(子)；盒(子)],people pleasantest[(pleasant):a.令人愉快的；舒适的] things about waiters and waitrees[(waitre):n.女服务员] is that they refill[n.再注满,替换物] your coffee cup several times for no extra[adj.额外的；外加的] charge[vt.要求收费；索价 n.费用；价钱]! 6.在大多数城市里，无论大城市还是小城市，你都可以吃到墨西哥食品或意大利食品。甚至小镇上也有咖啡馆提供简单的饭菜、各种饮料和非常好的刚煮好的咖啡。你坐在柜台边或桌旁就行。饭店和咖啡馆的服务热情周到，效率很高。男女服务员经常自我介绍：“我是多恩(或德比)。您要点什么?”这种友好毫不做作，也并不完全是想多得小费。一般，人们常另付账单金额的15％作为小费。男女服务员最讨人喜欢的一点是他们屡次三番把你的咖啡杯重新斟满而不另加收钱！7.Many American families pride[n.自豪] themselves on their cooking,and have deep freezers[(freezer):n.冰箱,冷藏箱],where they store[n.商店] food they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket[n.超级市场].Supermarkets[(supermarket):n.超级市场] are large self-service[n.自助式销售] stores[(store):n.商店] selling every kind of food-fresh,canned or frozen[(freeze):vi.结冰].So,like the fast-food[a.专门提供快餐服务的] restaurants,their produce is le expensive and easier to market.There have been supermarkets[(supermarket):n.超级市场] in the USA since the 1930s,and they have now spread[vt.延伸；展开；流传] through a large part of the world.

41 中油职称外语考试2010版

7.许多美国家庭以自己的烹调而自豪。他们有冷藏箱，可以把他们在花园种的或从超级市场买的食物贮藏起来。超级市场是大型自助商店，出售各种食品-新鲜的、罐头装的或冰冻的。因此，像快餐馆一样，他们的商品较便宜，容易销售。美国从1930年代起就有超级市场了，现在超级市场已遍及世界的大部分地区。

十八.The Delights[(delight):n.快乐 vt.使快乐] of South Island 南岛之乐

1.One of the odder[(odd):adj.奇数的] coincidences[(coincidence):n.巧合] of physical[a.身体的；体力上] geography[n.地理；地理学] is the fact[n.事实；实际] that there are two double islands, roughly[(rough):adj.粗糙的] the same size, positioned[(position):n.位置] at each other\'s antipodes[(antipode):n.正相反的事物], or farthest-distant point.The islands of England and Ireland[n.爱尔兰(欧洲)] in the Northern Hemisphere[n.半球;半球地图] and the islands of North Island and South Island in the Southern Hemisphere[n.are just such a coincidence[n.巧合].The first two islands comprise[v.半球;半球地图]

构成,组成] the United[(unite):vi.&vt.联合，团结] Kingdom[n.王国] and the Republic[n.共和国] of Ireland[n.爱尔兰(欧洲)] (or Eire[n.爱尔兰共和国的旧称]), and the second two islands comprise[v.构成,组成] New Zealand[n.丹麦最大的岛].Among these four islands, there can be no doubt[n.vi.&vt.怀疑；疑惑] that South Island is the least[n.最少量；最少]

polluted[(pollute):vt.污染] and most spectacularly[(spectacular):adj.壮观的;引人注目的] scenic[a.风景优美的] of them all.1.自然地理上较为奇特的巧合之一是地球上有两组大小约略相同、位置相对或者说相距最为遥远的双岛。北半球的英格兰和爱尔兰群岛以及南半球的北岛和南岛就是这样的一种巧合。第一组的两座岛构成英国和爱尔兰共和国，第二组的两座岛则组成新西兰。四个岛中，南岛无疑是污染最少且风景最秀丽的。 2.There is much competition[n.竞争，比赛] to make such a claim[v.声称].The island of England,politically[(political):adj.政治的] constituting[(constitute):v.构成]

England,Scotland[n.苏格兰(英国)],and Wales[n.威尔士(英国)] of the United[(unite):vi.&vt.联合，团结] Kingdom[n.王国],is dotted[(dot):v.散布于,布满,点缀] with country villages set alongside[ad.在旁边 prep.和…在一起;在…旁边] rivers and lakes.There are not very tall but nonethele[adv.尽管如此] rugged[(rug):n.小地毯;毛毯] mountains in the north,and endle[a.无止境的] miles[(mile):n.英里] of rocky[a.岩石的,多石的,象岩石的,摇晃的,] coastline[n.海岸线] that seem mystical[a.神秘的].Ireland[n.爱尔兰(欧洲)],too,is a paradise[n.天堂] of greenery[n.绿色植物,温室],with far fewer people than populous[adj.人口稠密的,人口众多的] England and even more quaint[adj.离奇有趣的;古色古香的] villages scattered[(scatter):v.散its low-lying[adj.地势低洼的] hills and forever[永远] green fields.North 开] among Island in New Zealand[n.丹麦最大的岛] sports a balmy[adj.(天气)温和的,微风拂面的] climate[n.气候] and the beaches to make use of it; one beach alone is more than 150 kilometers[(kilometer):n.千米,公里] long,and with relatively[(relative):n.亲戚；亲属] few people

42 中油职称外语考试2010版

on its shores[(shore):n.滨；岸],one can pretend[vi.&vt.假装；装作] one is at the very end of the earth.Volcanoes[(volcano):n.火山],large lakes,and quickly flowing[(flow):vi.(河traverse[vt.横越,横切,横断] the land.Given the beauty[n.美丽] of these 水等)流动] rivers three islands,what makes South Island so special[adj.特别的；专门的]? 2.这样说势必经过一番竞争。在政治版图上构成英国的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的英格兰本岛，乡间农村沿着河岸和湖畔星罗棋布。北部的山虽不高但却崎岖不平，而绵延不绝的岩岸则展现出神秘的风情。爱尔兰也是绿色天堂，人口远不及人烟稠密的英格兰，却有更多古意盎然的农村散布在低洼的山丘和常绿的田野间。新西兰的北岛以拥有温和的气候和可享受这宜人气候的海滩为傲；光是一个海滩就超过150公里长，而岸上人口相当稀少，可以让人假装自己是在世界的尽头。火山、大湖和湍急的河流横桓全岛。 既然这个三个岛如此美丽，南岛又有何特别指出？

3.Plenty[n.充足的；相当多的].For those who like mountains,South Island is sure to please.Mt.Cook at 3,764 meters[(meter):n.计量器,计,表] is its highest peak[n.山,山峰],with 16 others above 3,000 meters[(meter):n.计量器,计,表].Naturally[(natural):adj.自然的；天然的],many local[a.当地的；本土的] and foreign mountain climbers[(climber):n.登山者] come here for the challenge[n.考验(人或事物)的能力,激发] of these Southern Alps[n.阿尔卑斯山].In addition[n.增加],there is an extensive[a.大量的,大规模的] glacier[n.冰川;冰河] system[n.体系；系统],endle[a.无止境的] forests,and innumerable[adj.无数的,不计其数的] lakes throughout[prep.遍及；贯穿] this highland[n.高地,丘陵地带] area[n.地区，区域].Some of the world\'s best mountain scenery[n.景色;风景] is available[adj.可利用的;可获得的] within[prep.在......里面] the 500-kilometer long chain[n.连锁；链条；锁链] of the Southern Alps[n.阿尔卑斯山].3.那可多着呢。对那些喜爱大山者来说，南岛一定能取悦他们。南岛的最高峰库克山高3764米，另外还有16座超过3000米的山峰。自然而然地，许多国内外的登山家来到此地挑战南半球的阿尔卑斯山脉。此外，还有一个广大的冰河系统、无止尽的森林和数不尽的湖泊遍布在这个高原带。一些举世无双的山光水色可在这绵延的500公里长的南阿尔卑斯山脉之间欣赏到。

4.Perhaps you prefer the sea? South Island is not only an island,but many tiny[adj.极小的；微小的] islets[(islet):n.小岛] can be found off its coastline[n.海岸线].Great deep-sea[a.深海的,远洋的] fishing,scuba[n.水中呼吸器] diving[(dive):vi.跳水],and snorkeling[(snorkel):n.(潜游者使用的)水下呼吸管] can be had,though the waters here are cooler than those of North Island.(Remember,in the Southern Hemisphere[n.半球;半球地图],as we go north,it gets warmer.) As fewer people live on South Island than on North Island,those who crave[v.渴望得到,迫切需要] solitude[n.单独,独居] and pristine[adj.原始的,未被破坏的] beaches will be amazed[(amaze):v.使…大为惊奇] at their luck here.With almost no heavy industry[n.工业；产业] on South Island,the air,water,and land are all free of pollution[n.污染].The local[a.当地的；本土的] seafood[n.海产品,海鲜] is therefore[adv.因

43 中油职称外语考试2010版

此；所以] clean,plentiful[a.丰富的,富裕的],and never-ending[a.不停的,无限的].4.也许你比较喜欢海？南岛并不是一座岛屿，在它的外海还散布着众多的小岛屿，可以从事深海钓鱼、深海潜水和浮浅--虽然这里的水温比起北岛的水温要来的低。（记住，在南半球愈往北走海水愈温暖。）由于南岛的人口比北岛的少，喜爱独处和原始海滩的人在此将会对于他们有幸来到这里而感到惊异。南岛上几乎没有重工业，空气、水和土地全都未受污染。当地的海鲜因而干净、富饶而且取之不尽。

5.Do healthful[a.有益于健康的] climates[(climate):n.气候] interest you? South Island is the place to be.Its temperate[adj.自制的] climate[n.气候] sees little snow except in the highlands[(highland):n.高地,丘陵地带] and mountainous[a.多山的] areas[(area):n.地区，区域].Like Ireland[n.爱尔兰(欧洲)] and England,there are no extremes[(extreme):n.极端] of temperature,either.Summers are warm,not hot,and winters are brisk[a.活泼的;清新的] rather than freezing[n.冰点].The fresh[adj.新鲜的] air is sometimes humid[a.潮湿的] from the abundant[a.丰富的;大量的] rainfall[n.一场雨；降雨量] of this area[n.地区，区域].Every season invites[(invite):vt.邀请；招待] the nature[n.自然] lover to get out and be active[a.积极的；主动的] in the countryside[n.乡下；农村].5.你对健康的气候感兴趣吗？来南岛这个地方就对了。除了在高原和山区地带，这儿温和的气候很少降雪。就像爱尔兰和英格兰一样，气温也不严酷。夏天暖和不热，冬天则凉爽而不寒冷。清新的空气有时会因这地区丰沛的降雨而潮湿。这里一年四季都适合爱好大自然的人出门到乡间去活跃一番。

6.Of course,South Island is not for everyone.For those who need busy,crowded,noisy,and polluted[(pollute):vt.污染] cities,this Southern outpost[n.前哨,前哨部队,前哨地点] will surely disappoint[vt.使失望].For those who enjoy preure[n.压力] and stre[n.压力,紧张],South Island will leave them empty-handed[a.空手的,一无所获的].And for those who would rather stay at home or in an office in front of a computer screen[n.幕；荧光屏] or in the thumping[(thump):v.重击,砰然地响],smoke-filled dance floors of discos,some of the world\'s best natural[adj.自然的；天然的] scenery[n.景色;风景] will never entice[vt.怂勇,引诱] them away.For the rest of us,though,South Island is the world\'s best-kept secret.If Nature\'s[(nature):n.自然] paradise[n.天堂] sounds alluring[(allure):v.引诱n.诱惑,吸引],make a point of visiting South Island.6.当然，并非每个人都回喜欢南岛。对那些需要繁忙、拥挤、嘈杂和受污染城市的人而言，南半球的这个边陲地区必定回让他们感到失望；对那些喜欢压力和紧张的人而言，南岛将使他们空手而返；而那些宁愿待在家里或办公室计算机屏幕前、或是窝在音乐震天响、烟雾弥漫的迪斯科舞池内的人而言，世界上最棒的一些自然景色永远也无法诱使他们离开。但是对我们其余的人而言，南岛是世界最棒的秘境。如果大自然中的天堂听起来让你觉得有吸引力，那么别忘了到南岛去玩一玩。

44 中油职称外语考试2010版

十九.Net[n.网] To Newspapers: Drop Dead 当报纸遭遇网络--死路一条

1.Newspapers are cockroaches[(cockroach):n.蟑螂] .No matter what is introduced[(introduce):vt.介绍] into the media[n.新闻媒体] ecosystem[n.生态系统], the oldest of the Big Media[n.新闻媒体] survives[(survive):v.幸存].Despite[prep.尽管] decades[(decade):n.of doomsayers, newspapers prospered[(prosper):vi.繁荣] through radio, through 十年]

TV and cable[n.有线电视;缆绳,钢索], through video[n.录像；视频] games, through the Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网]....Not so fast.Suddenly, even sober[a.清醒的;适度的] Wall Street analysts[(analyst):n.分析家,分析员] think something new is afoot[a.徒步的,在准备中,在进行中的].1.报纸就像是蟑螂，生命力超强。无论传媒界的“生态系统”出现什么新的对手，这个传媒业老大哥总能安然度过。尽管十多年来，不断有人预言报纸会走向穷途末路，报纸还是顺利经受了广播、电视、电报、电视游戏和因特网的挑战和考验而继续蓬勃发展…..稍等，先别这么乐观。突然之间，事态似乎起了变化，甚至是华尔街冷静的分析家们也认为新情况在悄然发生。

2.What looms[(loom):v.赫然出现] now \"is different from all other threats[(threat):n.威胁,危险],\" says Lauren Rich Fine, a Merrill Lynch[v.私刑处死] & Co.3 analyst[n.分析家,分析员] who has covered the industry[n.工业；产业] since the 1980s.Consumers[(consumer):n.消费者] are shifting[(shift):v.移动] decisively[(decisive):a.决定性的;果断的] to online information[n.信息], says Fine, especially[adv.特别，尤其] the young, and are no longer yoked[(yoke):n.轭,牛轭;枷锁] to the local[a.当地的；本土的] newspaper.\"Ads[自动化制图系统] are following the eyeballs[(eyeball):n.眼球,眼珠] to where they make transactional decisions[(decision):n.决定，决心].\" Fine recently[adv.近来] forecast[n.预that newspapers\' profit[v.得到好处] margins[(margin):n.页边的空白;边缘] are set to 测,预报 vt.预示]

enter[(ENT):耳鼻喉科] a long period[n.时期；时代] of decline[n.下降,减少].2.Lauren Rich Fine是美林证券的分析家，他从20世纪80年代就开始关注这个行业的发展，他说：“这次报纸受到了前所未有的威胁。” Lauren Rich Fine说，人们，尤其是年轻人，坚决地由报纸转向了网络信息，从而摆脱了报纸的束缚。“在消费者要做出与交易相关决定时，他们的眼球盯在哪里，广告就会跟到哪里。” Lauren Rich Fine最近预测，报纸的利润要陷入长期低迷。 3.The new and troubling reality[n.现实] for newspapers is that even if they excel[v.擅长] as purveyors[(purveyor):n.承办者] of information[n.信息] to appreciative[a.感激的] audiences[(audience):n.听众], they still face tough[adj.艰难的,困难的] busine terrain[n.地带,地域,范围,领域].\"They can try to be the destination[n.目的地] where you go online and [can] be really succeful[adj.成功的；有成就的] with citizen[n.公民；居民] journalism[n.新闻业,新闻工作]4 and blogs,\" says Fine.But such innovations[(innovation):n.新方法,新办法,革新] are \"not going to pay a lot of bills[(bill):n.(美)钞票；纸币].\"5 3.最新的残酷现实是，虽然报纸对于能欣赏他们的忠实读者来说，仍然是信

45 中油职称外语考试2010版

息传播的强力媒介，但它们仍然面临着残酷的商业前景。Fine说：“报纸可以试着牵手网络，随着博客和平民新闻业的发展而获得成功。”但是这样的革新也“不会帮助报社减轻多少运营的成本压力。”

4.Newspaper execs[(exec):n.execute的简写;执行;运行] are groping[(grope):v.摸索(路等)] for some killer app6, but nothing has yet taken hold.Charging[(charge):vt.要求收费；索价 n.for online content[adj.甘愿的；满意的 n.内容] works for The Wall Street Journal[n.费用；价钱]

Web-only subscriptions[(subscription):n.预约,用户,订阅费] cost $79-still 报纸,定期刊物], where far below the $215 print[vt.印刷] subscription-but no other brand-name newspaper dares[(dare):v.aux.敢；敢于] to follow.The New York Times will charge[vt.要求收费；索价 n.费用；价钱] Web[n.网] users[(user):n.用户,使用者] to read its columnists\' prose[n.散文] later this year, but the Los[n.los] Angeles Times just lifted the fee[n.费用] for its arts listings[(listing):列表] site[n.场所,遗址], calendarlive.com.Washington[n.华盛顿] Post Co.Chairman[n.主席] Donald E.Graham[a.用末精制之面粉的;全麦的] has said he won\'t charge[vt.要求收费；索价 n.费用；价钱] for washingtonpost.com.4.报业主管们仍然在探寻能一招制敌的解决问题的良方，但目前仍是一无所获。《华尔街日报》对网上信息进行收费，似乎还挺奏效。电子版报纸的订费是每年79美元，比215美元的印刷版便宜多了。然而，其他知名报纸都不敢原样照搬它的经验：《纽约时报》今年后半年只会对专栏的内容进行收费;但是《落杉机时报》只是提高了其艺术版calendarlive.com的费用；《华盛顿邮报》的主席DonaldE.Graham[a.用末精制之面粉的;全麦的]说他们不打算对网站washingtonpost.com进行收费。

5.Internet[n.国际互联网,因特网] damage[n.&vt.毁坏；损害] was quantified[(quantify):vt.确定…的数量] in an April McKinsey & Co.7 report on online claified[(claify):v.分类,归类] ads[自动化制图系统]8 that bluntly[(blunt):v.减弱] talked about \"price[n.价格，价钱] destruction[n.破坏,毁灭].\" The Internet\'s[(internet):n.国际互联网,因特网] effect[n.效果；作用] on help-wanted claifieds[(claified):a.分类的,类别的,被指定为机密的]9, the study found, cost newspapers $1.9 billion in revenue[n.收入,收益] between 1996 and 2004.And claified-ad categories[(category):n.种类,类别] like real estate[n.(上有大片建筑物的)土地,区] and automotive[a.汽车的] may not be exempt[a.免除的 vt.使免除,豁免] from such trends[(trend):n.趋向,趋势], the report warned[(warn):vt.警告；预先通知].Newspapers have been hurt by the quiet march of free (or low-cost[a.价格便宜的,廉价的]) claifieds[(claified):a.分类的,类别的,被指定为机密的] on craigslist.org, which now serves[(serve):vt.招待(顾客等)；服务；端上(饭菜等)] more than 100 U.S.regions[(region):n.地区] and 33 countries and logs[(log):n.原木,木料] more than 2.5 billion page views[(view):n.风景；景色；眺望；观察] a month.5.麦肯锡在四月份出示的一份关于在线分类广告的报告中，就因特网对报业造成的损失进行了量化分析，报告总很直率地谈到了“价格竞争”。研究发现，因特网对照品类广告产生了巨大的影响，导致报纸在1996-2004年间营业收入损失19亿美元。分类广告中类似房地产和汽车等专栏可能也未能逃脱厄运。报告

46 中油职称外语考试2010版

警告说：craigslist.org上的免费分类广告快速蔓延，这个网站已经覆盖了33个国家和美国国内100多个地区，一个月之内会有25页的阅读量，报纸已经深受其害。

6.Further[ad.更远地；进一步地] preure[n.压力] may be discerned[(discern):v.识别,辨认] in analysts\' studies showing recent[adj.最近的；近来的] increases[(increase):vt.增加；繁殖] in discounted[(discount):n.折扣] newspaper subscriptions[(subscription):n.预约,用户,订阅费].This coincided[(coincide):v.(在时间上)巧合,同时发生] roughly[(rough):adj.粗糙的] with widespread[a.分布广的，普遍的] broad-band adoption[n.收养,领养], enabling[(enable):v.使(某人)能够做某事] painle[a.无痛perusal[n.熟读,精读,吟味] of endle[a.无止境的] free content[adj.甘愿的；满意的 n.内容].And 的,不痛的]

it has occurred[(occur):vi.发生] alongside[ad.在旁边 prep.和…在一起;在…旁边] the advent[n.来到,来临] of free dailies[(daily):n.日报 adj.每日的；日常的] from the likes of Sweden\'s[(Sweden):n.瑞典(欧洲)] Metro[n.一些城市的地下铁路(如巴黎)] International[adj.国际的]10 and Knight[n.骑士]

Ridder[(rid):v.使摆脱]11, which in February bought five free dailies[(daily):n.日报 adj.每日的；日常的] in California[n.加利福尼亚(美国州名)].6.分析家的研究结果说明了报业面临着更深一层的压力-报纸订阅开始打折。当今宽带广泛采用，读者能够毫不费力地阅读无限量的免费信息。在这样的背景下，瑞典的Metro[n.一些城市的地下铁路(如巴黎)] International[adj.国际的]和Knight[n.骑士] Ridder[(rid):v.使摆脱]开始发行免费日报，Kinght Ridders收购了五家旧金湾地区的免费赠阅日报。

7.Companies[(company):n.公司] like Knight[n.骑士] Ridder[(rid):v.使摆脱] and Tribune[n.(常用于报刊名)论坛;讲坛] Co.have also moved aggreively[(aggreive):adj.侵犯的,攻击的,挑衅的] into low-cost[a.价格便宜的,廉价的] and free claifieds[(claified):a.分类的,类别的,被指定为机密的] online.But holding share[vt.分享；共同使用] via[prep.通过,凭借;经过,经由] ultra-low prices[(price):n.价格，means, in bottom-line terms, that \"you lose for winning,\" says Fine, 价钱]

substituting[(substitute):n.代替者,代替物 v.代替] lower-margin for higher-margin busine.Knight[n.骑士] Ridder[(rid):v.使摆脱] exec[n.execute的简写;执行;运行] Hilary A.Schneider disputes[(dispute):v.对…提出异议] the lower-margin claim[v.声称], pointing to succees[(succe):n.成功] with online and offline[脱机的] claified[(claify):v.分类,归类] packages[(package):n.包装,把…装盒/袋;包,包裹].But that doesn\'t convince[v.使确信].Given the Internet\'s[(internet):n.国际互联网,因特网] vast[adj.巨大的；广阔的], almost infinite[adj.无限的,无穷的], expanse[n.宽阔的区域,宽阔], scarcity[n.缺乏,不足,缺少] will never drive ad[n.(缩)广告]

pricing[(price):n.价格，价钱] online.\"There\'s just so much inventory[n.详细目录,清单] out there,\" says Deutsche[n.德国[马克;mark简作DM]] Bank[n.(河，海，湖的)堤，岸] analyst[n.分析家,分析员] Paul[n.保罗] Ginocchio.7.Knight[n.骑士] Ridder[(rid):v.使摆脱]和Tribune[n.(常用于报刊名)论坛;讲坛] Co.等公司通过（免费日报等）手段向网上的低成本或免费分类广告发起攻势，可谓来势汹汹。但是，Fine认为，如果我们看看最终的经营结果，通过超低价格来争取市场份额是“杀敌三千,自损一万”，这样做只不过是用低利率的经营取代了高利润的经营。Knight[n.骑士] Ridder[(rid):v.使摆脱]的高管Hilary A.Schneider对这种“低利润率经营”的说法不以为然，Schneider也很自豪于自己将网上与报纸的分类广告进

47 中油职称外语考试2010版

行组合的成功尝试。但光是这点成功是不具备足够说服力的。要知道互联网的覆盖面是极其宽广甚至无边的，不管其中登出的某些需求多么冷僻，也永远不会打压互联网广告的价格。德意志银行的分析员Paul[n.保罗] Ginocchio说：“互联网上的分类目录真是浩瀚无边。”

8.No medium[n.手段,工具] disappears[(disappear):vi.消失] quickly, and it will be a while before rusting[(rust):n.锈 vi.生锈,氧化] newspaper boxes creak[vi.吱吱嘎嘎地作响]

vacantly[(vacant):a.空的;未被占用的] in the breeze[n.微风,和风].Newspaper companies[(company):n.公司] now pursue[v.(继续)从事或忙于(某事物)] digital[a.数字式的,数码的] deals[(deal):n.量；数额 v.应付；处理].Recently[adv.近来], Gannett acquired[(acquire):v.获得;学到] online ad[n.(缩)广告] tech[技术] provider[(provide):vt.提供] PointRoU, and E.W.Scripps snagged[(snag):n.障碍;暗桩]

comparison[n.比较,对比] shopping service[n.服务] Shopzilla.Diversifying[(diversify):vt.使多样化] means snapping[(snap):v.啪地移动;(使)突然断开,断开(成两截)] up Web[n.网] outfits-and therein[ad.在那里,在那时] lies an unpleasant[a.使人不愉快的] reminder[(remind):vt.提醒；使记起].Newspapers are cockroaches[(cockroach):n.蟑螂].But the Net\'s[(net):n.网] starting to resemble[v.相像] Black Flag[n.旗].12 8.如何一个媒体形式都不会快速消亡。要等到“生锈的空报纸纸箱在微风中吱吱做响” 的情景尚需时日。报业一直在寻求并购网络公司。最近，Gannett收购了在线广告技术提供商PointRoll,E.W.Scipps则收购了价格比较购物网站Shopzilla。多元化意味着各大报纸都在迅速为自己增添网络装备--然而网络却总是带着不祥的暗示：报纸的生命力确实如蟑螂般顽强，但网络却开始带着杀气向它走来。

二十.If Lincoln[n.林肯] Had Used a Computer 如果林肯使用过计算机……

1.The ad[n.(缩)广告] for a software[n.软件] program[n.节目单;大纲;程序 n.行动方案;工作计划] caught my eye.It said,\"Write better in 30 days or your money back.\"

1、有一则计算机软件的广告引起了我的注意。它说：“要是30天之内不能提高你的写作能力，就将原款退还。”2.I\'m familiar[adj.熟悉的] with computer programs[(program):n.节目单;大纲;程序 n.行动方案;工作计划] that correct[adj.正确的；对的] spelling through the use of built-in[a.内置的] dictionaries.But the ad[n.(缩)广告] for this program[n.节目单;大纲;程序 n.行动方案;工作计划] said that it would correct[adj.正确的；对的] \"stylistic[a.格式上的,体裁上的] errors[(error):n.错误]\".

2、我熟悉那些通过使用内建字典来纠正拼写错误的计算机程序。但是，这则软件广告却说，它能纠正“文体错误”。

3.Style[n.样式].That\'s a big part of what writing is about.So I stopped by the computer store[n.商店] to give it a test[n.&vt.试验；测验] run.I wanted to see what the program[n.节目单;大纲;程序 n.行动方案;工作计划] would say about one of my favorite pieces of writing.

48 中油职称外语考试2010版

3、文体对于写作关系可是很重大的。因此，我在那家计算机商店停下来，准备试一试这个程序。我想看一看它会对我所喜爱的一篇文章说些什么。 4.I typed[(type):vt.打字 n.类型] it into the computer.Then the computer printed[(print):vt.印刷] out a critique[n.(文艺等的)批评,评论].Here it is:

4、我把文章输进了计算机。接着，计算机屏幕上显示出了一段评语。下文便是：

5.Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth[adv.等等] on this continent[n.大陆；大洲] a new nation[n.民族；国家],conceived[(conceive):v.构思,设想;怀孕] in Liberty[n.自由 n.权利],and dedicated[adj.忠诚的,热忱的,一心一意的] to the proposition[n.命题,主题;提议] that all men are created[(create):vt.创造；造成] equal[adj.平等的；均等的].[Long sentences can be difficult to read and understand.Consider[vt.考虑] revising[(revise):vt.修订,校订;修改] so that no more than one complete[vt.完成；结束] thought is expreed[(expre):vt.表达；表示] in each sentence.Paive[adj.被动的;消极的] voice[n.说\"are created[(create):vt.创造；造成].\" Consider[vt.考虑] using active[a.积极的；主动的].话声；嗓音]: Usually a paragraph[n.段落] should have more than one sentence.]

5、87年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上缔造了一个新国家。她以自由为立国之本，坚决奉行所有的人生来平等的原则。

6.Now we are engaged[(engage):v.从事] [Paive[adj.被动的;消极的] voice[n.说话声；嗓音]: \"are engaged[(engage):v.从事].\" Consider[vt.考虑] using active[a.积极的；主动的].See \"Help\" key for more information[n.信息].] in a great civil[adj.国内的] war[n.战争],testing[(test):n.&vt.whether that nation[n.民族；any nation[n.民族；so conceived[(conceive):v.试验；测验] 国家],or 国家]

so dedicated[adj.忠诚的,热忱的,一心一意的],can long endure[v.持续,持久].We are 构思,设想;怀孕] and met [Paive[adj.被动的;消极的] voice[n.说话声；嗓音]: \"are met.\" Consider[vt.考虑] using active[a.积极的；主动的].] on a great battle[n.战役；战斗] field of that war[n.战争].We have come to dedicated[adj.忠诚的,热忱的,一心一意的] a portion[n.部分] of that field,as a final[a.最后的;决定性的] resting place for those who here gave their lives that that [Delete[v.删去] doubled word.] nation[n.民族；国家] might[v.aux.可能；也许] live.It is altogether[adv.总共] fitting[(fit):adj.适合的] and proper[adj.合适的；恰当的] that we should do this.

6、目前我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，这场战争正考验我国，或者任何在自由中诞生并奉行上述原则的国家能否永存。我们在这场伟大战争的战场上聚会。把这战场之一角奉献给那些为国家生存而捐躯的人们，作为他们的最后安息之地。我们完全应该这样做。

7.But,[Use \"But\" sparingly[ad.拘谨地;朴实地;节俭地] to start a sentence.] in a larger sense[n.感觉；意识],we cannot dedicate[vt.献身,致力于,把(时间、精力等)用于],we cannot consecrate[v.1.使神圣2.奉献],we cannot hallow[v.把…视为神圣,尊敬] this ground.The brave[adj.勇敢的] men,living and dead,who struggled[(struggle):vi.斗争] here,have consecrated[(consecrate):v.1.使神圣2.奉献] it,far above our poor power[n.力；动力；电力] to add[vt.添加；增加] or detract[v.诽谤,贬低].The world will little note[n.笔记；便条] nor long remember [An adjective[n.形容词] \"long\" is usually not followed by a verb

49 中油职称外语考试2010版

\"remember.\" You may need to use an adverbial[a.副词的] form of \"long\" or a comma[n.逗号,逗点] before \"remember.\"] what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather [This word usually adds[(add):vt.添加；增加] little and should be omitted[(omit):v.略去,省去,遗漏;疏忽,忘记做某事].] to be dedicated[adj.忠诚的,热忱的,一心一意的] here to the unfinished work which [\"That\" is almost always preferred in this situation[n.形势；情况].If you really mean \"which,\" then it usually needs to be preceded[(precede):v.先于;位于…之前] by a comma[n.\"Help\" key for more information[n.信息].] they who fought here have 逗号,逗点],See thus far so nobly[ad.华丽地,高洁地,豪爽地] advanced[adj.先进的；高级的].It is rather [This word usually adds[(add):vt.添加；增加] little and should be omitted[(omit):v.略去,省去,遗漏;for us to be here dedicated[adj.忠诚的,热忱的,一心一意的] to the great task[n.疏忽,忘记做某事].] remaining[(remain):vt.余下；留下] before us: that from these honored[adj.荣幸] dead 任务；工作]

we take increased[(increase):vt.增加；繁殖] devotion[n.忠诚,热爱] to that cause[vt.促使；引起；使发生] for which they gave the last full measure[vt.&vi.量] of devotion[n.忠诚,热爱]; that we here highly revolve[v.(使)旋转] that these dead [Usually \"these\" should be followed by a plural[a.复数的 n.复数] noun[n.名词].] shall not have died in vain[a.徒劳的;自负的]; that this nation[n.民族；国家],under God[n.神；(大写)上帝],shall have a new birth[n.出生；诞生] of freedom[n.自由]; and that government[n.政府] of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish[vi.死亡,夭折;枯萎] from the earth.[Problems detected[(detect):v.发现,察觉]: 13.]

7、但是从更广泛的意义上来说，我们无权把这块土地奉献给他们，也无力神圣化这片土地。那些活着的和死去的，曾在这里战斗过的英雄，才使这片土地成为神圣之地，而非我们的微薄之力所能增减。世人不会注意也不会长久记得我们今天在这里说了些什么，但是勇士们在这里做过的事将永远不会被忘记。倒是我们这些活着的人，应该继续英雄们为之战斗并使之前进的未竟事业。我们应该要更加忠诚于先烈为之牺牲的事业，为摆在我们面前的伟大任务继续献身；我们在这里下定决心不能让他们的鲜血白流；这个国家，在上帝的保佑下将获得自由的新生。这个民有、民治、民享的政府将与世长存。

8.That\'s something.As often as I\'ve read this speech[n.演讲],getting a lump[n.团,块;肿块] in my throat[n.喉咙] every time.I\'ve never detected[(detect):v.发现,one stylistic[a.格式上的,体裁上的] problem,much le 13.Shows how little I know.察觉]

8、真是奇迹!每当我阅读这篇演讲词的时候，总感觉心情激动，如鲠在喉。我却从未发现过它有一处文体错误，更不用说它有13处错误了。这表明我的知识何等贫乏啊! 9.But I suppose[vt.猜想；假定] we really shouldn\'t expect[vt.盼望；认为] anything better from someone who grew up in a log[n.原木,木料] cabin[n.小屋;船舱,机舱],hoofed[(hoof):n.蹄] to a oneroom Schoolhouse[n.校舍] and never made it to college[n.学院].

9、但是，我们不应该苛求一个在小木屋里长大，徒步到那所只有一间屋子的学校上学，后来也没有上成大学的人，他也不可能把话讲得再好了。

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