八年级上册英语教案资料 第一讲 Unit1 ◆ 知识探究
1.Is my encyclopaedia , Lo? 1) useful: 有用的，有益的，有帮助的 a useful book 2) use +ful= useful 名词+ful= 形容词
3) 以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-le结尾的形容词。 eg: useful--usele careful--carele helpful--helple 2.Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian musician,engineer and scientist.动词后加后缀-er/ -or构成一种职业。
eg: teach 教-- teacher 教师 sing 唱-- singer 歌唱家 visit 参观-- visitor 参观者 invent 发明-- inventor 发明家 3.v.烹饪 My mother cooked a delicious meal for us.n.厨师 My father is a famous cook.n.厨具 Do you think rice cooker is a useful cooker? 4.查阅；查询，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查阅。 We can look up new words in a dictionary.【拓展】：look up 仰视；向上看
He looked up from his book as I came into the room.look的相关短语：
look around 环顾四周 look forward to 盼望 look after 照顾 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找
5.be born 出生 一般用于过去式 was born/ were born be born in + 地点 I was born in Guangzhou.be born in + 某年/某月 Jim was born in July.be born on+ 具体到某一天 The twins were born on 1st January.6.From an early age, he show 1) 出示，展示，显露，露出 He showed his photo to me = He showed me his photo.2) 流露，表示，表现
He showed great interest in science when he was young.3) 教，告诉，说明，指点
He showed me the way on the map.7.His painting are very , and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.famous = well-known be famous for be famous as 8.Dinosaurs lived on the Earth 60 years before human beings.more than 超过；多于，相当于over, le than 少于 They have more than a car.million 百万
1）与具体的数字连用时，不加s ，后面直接接复数名词。 There are about two thousand students in this school.2) 固定短语：millions of hundred, thousand, billion和million的用法相同 Millions of people help them in different ways.Tips: hundred, thousand 和million,有时含糊有时清。 清时无-s和of， 糊时-s和of跟
9.They lived everywhere 副词 ―到处‖，相当于here and there 3
10.Some dinosaurs were chickens.As.....as 与.....一样......1) 当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用― as + 形容词/副词原级+as‖结构， 表示―（A和B）一样‖......This tree is as tall as that one.
2) 比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用―not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as‖结构，
表示―A不如B....‖ Our school is not as big as yours.11.some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.however ―然而，但是‖
However, this does not always happen.She falls ill.She goes to work, however, and stays up late.He says that it is so.He is wrong, however.
12.nobody 不定代词，―没有人‖，相当于 no one.Nobody作主语时，谓语动词 要用单数形式。
There was nobody in the room.13.在......的末尾；在......的尽头 +时间/地点 There is a park at the end of the road.We will have an exam at the end of the month.14.过去常常做某事，并且含有现在已不做之意。 I used to go to that primary school.15.帮助某人做某事
He often helps me study English.He often helps me with my English.【拓展】：help oneself to ...随便吃些......Help yourselves to some fish, children.Can‘t help doing ....禁不住做......She can‘t help laughing.16.Just remember 及物动词 Please remember the story.辨析：remember to do sth 与remember doing sth 17.were small; were huge.some ...others...一些......另一些......others 指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。 There are lots of people in the park.Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.5
some...the others 一些......其余的......, the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的―其余的人或事物‖ There are many children on the beach.Some can swim but the others can‘t.
18.did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared? How long ―多长时间‖用于提问一段时间，还可以提问物体的长度。 --How long will you stay in Hong Kong? --For ten days.how often how soon how many 19.Jane Dickinson Magic TV Quiz.win 是及物动词，意为―赢得，获胜‖，后面接的宾语一般是比赛、辩论或战斗等名词。
Who won the men‘s 400 meters race? We must win today.beat 击败，打败，胜过， 后面接的宾语是参加比赛的人、团体等。 Li Lei beat Jim and won the first prize.20.She can find out about many......find out 了解（到）；弄清； I try to find out who broke the machine.辨析：
I lost my pen.I have looked for it everywhere, but I can‘t find it.Could you help me find out who has found it? 21.It‘s always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.
句型：It‘s + adj (+for sb) + to do sth.做某事（对于某人来说）是......的
It‘s very important for us to learn English.look like 看起来像 用法
1.用作不及物动词,意为―看,望,瞧‖。 1)单独使用时,后不跟介词。如: I looked but saw nothing.我看了,但什么也没看见。 2)和at连用。
Look at these pictures.How beautiful they are!看这些画,它们是多么漂亮啊! 2.用作连系动词,意为―看起来‖。 1)后跟形容词。
如: You look well/fine/healthy.你看起来很健康。 The teacher looks happy.老师看上去很高兴。 She looks pale.她面色苍白。 Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big banana.make sb do sth 使某人/让某人做某事 The bo made me work twelve hours a day.make sb + adj This terrible news made her sad.第二讲 Grammar 重点：some和any;复合不定代词 1.观察下列句子，并进行填空。 I have some bread.I have some apples.Do you have any bread? Do you have any apples? some作形容词用时,可以修饰也可以修饰通常用于句。 any作形容词用时,可以修饰 也可以修饰句和 句。
2.May I have some noodles? Would you like some tea? 在疑问句中，当我们期望得到肯定回答时，我们也会用some。
一、用some和any填空
1.There isn‘t ______ milk in the fridge.
2 .I can see ______ cars, but I can‘t see ______ buses.3.He has ______ friends in England.4.Were there ______ trees on the farm? 5.Would you like ______ tea? No ,I‘d not like ______ tea, but I‘d like ______ cakes.复合不定代词
复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every加-body, -thing, -one构成 some body any thing every one no somebody=someone anybody=anyone nobody=no one 用法: 1.一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。
Is there anyone at home? I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.2.复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Nobody knows why.Everyone has a hobby.3 .复合不定代词的定语位置
复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候，定语必须放在不定代词后面。 eg: something important, anything special等 Do you have anything important to tell us? 4.复合不定代词的否定 常表达的结构有两种： 1).not+全部肯定词
There is not anybody in the room 2)......+全部否定词 there is nobody in the room.Tips: 复合代词不张扬，修饰成分后面藏
单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样
第三讲 Unit2 ◆ 知识探究 Step One Reading& Listening 1.Read a story about numbers.number 此处用作可数名词，意为―数字‖。number还可意为―电话号码‖。
【拓展】number 还可用作及物动词，意为―标序号，给...编号‖ Please number the pictures.【随时练】 -- Hello, is that Jenny speaking? -- Sorry, I‘m afraid you‘ve got the wrong ____________.A.number B.name C.addre D.meage 2.Check some Maths problems.(1) check 及物动词，―检查，核实‖ 【拓展】 check 的相关短语
check in 登记，检票 check out 办清手续后离开 check up 检验 I will meet Jane at the station, please _________ what time she will arrive.A.count B.choose C.check D.Catch (2)problem 可数名词，―问题，难题‖ 辨析：problem 与question 【拓展】
（1）have problems in doing sth.做某事有困难 （2） No problem.没问题。
The food safety is a serious _______ in our country.We should try to solve it.A.subject B.program C.problem D.Opinion 3.The king‘s favourite game was che.
favourite ―最喜欢的‖，通常位于名词前作定语,没有比较级和最高级形式，在含义上相当于like best What‘s sb‘s favourite ...? = What ...do/ dose sb.like best? 【拓展】也可用作名词，意为―最喜欢的人或物‖ This book is my favourite.4.play che 下象棋 play card 打牌play football，play basketball （play +棋牌、球类运动）play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 （play + the+乐器）
5.One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.(1)one day ―某一天，有一天‖ 辨析：one day与some day one day （过去）有一天，（将来）某一天，用于过去时或将来时 some day （将来）总有一天，只用于将来时
Eg：I think ,y dream will come true one day /some day.我想我的梦想有一天会实现。 Eg：One day, the old man was very ill.有一天，那位老人病的很严重。
（2）challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑战......【拓展】challenge sb.to do sth.向某人挑战做某事，激励某人做某事
(3)wise是形容词，意为―有智慧的‖。Eg：A wise woman never shows her smart.【拓展】：wisdom n.智慧
eg：Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。 [完成句子] 1.你为什么要检查卧室呢？ Why do you ________ the bedroom? 2.聪明的人总是能及时的解决难题。 Someone who is _______always solve the _______ in time.3.你想向他挑战吗？ Do you want to ________ him? 4.这张书桌大约100厘米长
The desk about100_______ ________.6.The King promised the old man, ― You can have any prize if you win the game.‖ ①promise sb.sth.She promised me the book.她许诺给我这本书。 ② promise to do sth.They promised to come to the pary on time.他们答应会准时来参加聚会。
③ promise也可以作名词，make a promise意为―许下诺言，答应，保证‖ 如： My mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me.我母亲答应给我买一辆新自行车。
( )He promised ________ mis old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A.see B.seeing C.saw D.to see ④ if，意为―如果‖，引导条件状语从句。表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生。 如：If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
( Part A) ( Part B) 上述的Part A为条件状语从句，Part B 为主句。从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。当从句置于主句前时，从句后就加逗号。如：He will help you if you ask him.【拓展】 If引导的条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常用的if条件状语从句表示在某种条件下，某件事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。Eg：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
Eg：If you have finished the homework you can go home.另外，If从句还可以表示不可能实现的条件或根本不存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。
Eg：If I were you , I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。
Eg：I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞，我本会来的早一些。
另外还要注意if条件句的时态搭配有以下几种情况： （1） if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，
eg：If he runs, he‘ll get there in time.如果他跑着去，就会及时赶到那儿。
（2）if 从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can, Eg:If it stops snowing, we can go out.(3) if 从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should, Eg :If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat le bread.(4) if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时，
Eg：If you heat ice, it turns to water.（也可用will turn） 如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。
(5) if 从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时， Eg：If you are looking for Peter, you‘ll find him upstairs.如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。
（6） if 从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时， Eg：If you have finished dinner, I‘ll ask the waiter for the bill.如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账。 巧记if用法口诀：
If条件句不一般，几个要点记心间； 条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。 【随时练】 单项选择
( no killing in nature.A.is; will he B.will be; will be C.is; is D.will be; is ( ) 2._________, I\'ll go shopping alone.A.If she comes B.If she won\'t come C.If she doesn\'t come ( )3.The students ____ have a sports meeting this weekend if it _____.A.won‘t; rains B.will; rains
C.won‘t; will rain D.are going to; is going to rain （ ）4.If you _____ to the party, you‘ll have a great time A.will go B.went C.go D.going （ ）5.–What are you going to do tomorrow? --We‘ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.
A.isn‘t rain B.rain C.won‘t rain D.doesn‘t rain
（ ）6.What will you do if you _____ to the old folk‘s home visit? A.go B.went C.going D.will go （ ）7.If I eat ____ food, I‘ll be very fat.A.too many B.many too C.too much D.much too （ ）8.I‘ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.A.will come B.comes C.is coming D.came 7....And then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.rest 此处用作名词，―剩余部分‖，the rest 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视作具体情况而定，如果所指代的为得数名词，则视为复数；如果所指代的为不可数名词，则视为单数。
the rest of...―......的剩余部分‖，作主语时谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词形式。
One of the books is written in Chinese, and the rest are in English.The rest of the money was donated to charities.8.Would‘t you like gold or silver instead?难道你不想要金子或银子代替？ instead副词，意为―代替；顶替‖。
She is very busy.Let‘s go instead.她太忙了，还是让我们去吧。 I‘ll read newspapers instead of seeing a film.我将看报纸而不是看电影。 辨析：instead 与instead of instead 副词，代替，顶替，相反 ，位于名首或句末
instead of 介词短语，―代替，而不是‖，后接名词，代词或动名词 instead of doing sth.代替做某事
9.The king quickly realized the problem„国王很快意识到了问题„„ realized是动词realize的过去式。Realize及物动词，意为―认识到；意识到‖，常见用法有：
(1)realize+n.At last she realized her mistakes.最后她意识到了她的错误。 2)realize+that从句 I realized that it was time to go to school.我意识到该上学了。 (3)realize+疑问句+其他
I don‘t think you realize how important this is to her.我认为你没有意识到这对她有多重要。
10.…he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! enough此处用作形容词，意为―充足的；足够的‖。可接可数名词或不可数名词。它放到名词前面或后面都可以。
He doesn‘t have enough time/time enough to finish the work.他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。
【拓展】enough做副词时，意为―足够地，十分‖，通常用于所修饰的形容 词或副词之后。
Eg：The boy is strong enough to lift the box.这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。
11.I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice,„ 如果你承诺采纳我的建议，我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。
（1）How to make more money是―疑问词+动词不定式（短语）‖结构，意为―如何去赚更多的钱‖，在句中作teach 的宾语。疑问代词或副词
what/who/whom/which/where/when/how后跟动词不定式（短语），常用作动词know/tell/ask/teach等的宾语。
He asked me where to park his car.他问我该把他的车停在哪里。 Could you please teach me how to make a home page?你能教我如何制作主页吗？ (2)advice不可数名词，意为―建议‖。表示―一条建议‖用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建议用some advice。
Eg：I‘ll give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物的建议。 【拓展】:（1）advice的常用搭配：
Give sb.Some advice/give some advice to sb.给某人一些建议 ask for advice征求意见 follow/take sb‘s advice接受某人的建议 （2）advice动词，意为―建议‖，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语，
也可用于advice sb.(not)to do sth.结构，意为―建议某人不要做某事‖。 She advice us to wait (for) one more day.她建议我们再等一天。
【随堂练】单项选择
1.( ) If our government________ pay attention to the safety of food, our health______ in danger.A.isn‘t; is B.doesn‘t; will be C.won‘t; is D.isn‘t; will be
2.( )My brother want to__________ his clamate to a computer game.A.Is challenge B.challenge to C.challenge with D.challenge 3.( )Would you ___________some bread? A.likes B.like to C likes to D.like 4.( ) I will read newspapers ______ ______ seeing a film.A.instead B.instead of C.no only D.not to 5.( )The dining hall is___________ to hold 300 people.A.enough B.enough small C.small enough D.big enough 6.( )I don‘t know how to keep healthy, can you give me__________? A.an advice B.lots of advices C.a few advices D.some advice 12.From then on he was not lazy any more.Not ...Any more 相当于no more, ―不再‖，但两者位置不同，not ...any more中not常与助动词或情态动词连用，any more位于句末；no more则位于助动词后，实义动词前
辨析：not...any more / no more 与not ...any longer/ no longer not...any more / no more 多表示数量或程度上―不再‖，修饰的动词一般为非延续性动词，表示动作不再发生
not ...any longer/ no longer 多表示在时间或距离上―不再‖，修饰的动词一般为延续性动词，表示动作不再延续
I won‘t play computer games any more.= I will no more play computer games.She doesn‘t live here any longer.= She no longer lives here.
13.Where the story took place.辨析：take place 与happen 均表―发生‖，均无被动语态。 take place 表示―发生，举行‖，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排 When will the basketball game take place? happen 表示―发生，碰巧‖，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，没有预见性 An accident happened in that street.Step Two Speaking and Writing 1.Some words have both a strong and a weak form.both...and...―...和...都...；既...又..；不但...而且...‖，用于连接并列的句子成分。 若both...and...连接两个名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词须用复数形式。 Both his father and his uncle are very tall.2.Our Maths teachers uses a lot of games to help us learn.use...to do sth.―用...做某事‖，相当于use...for doing sth.【拓展】use 可作名词，―用处，作用‖ It‘s no use doing sth.做某事没有用。 make (good) use of sth.（充分）利用某物 3.He makes the cla really interseting.make+宾语+形容词 ―使某人/某物...‖ The present made my sister happy.【随堂练】
一、单项选择。
1.( )– We have ____________ to eat tonight.--Great! Thank you, Mum.Step Three More practice
1、Before the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways to count things.invention:n.发明
相关词invent:v.发明 Inventor:n.发明家 练一练（用所给词的适当形式填空）
Edison was a famous_____________and he___________more than one thousand__________ in his life.（invent）
2、Before the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways to count things.use sth to do sth.用..来做..eg: In ancient times, people used stone to kill animals for food.拓展：
used to do sth: 过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing sth:习惯于做某事 【随堂练】 单项选择 1.He has been in China for two months, and now he ___________ the life here.A.used to B.uses C.is used to D.is using 2.He_________up after 8 o‘clock, but now he__________up early.
A.used to get;uses to get B.used to get; is used to getting C.used to getting; used to get D.used to getting; is used to get
3、They used them to count things like the days of the month,the amount of food and the number of animals they had.1.the number of:….的数量(强调数目)，其后接可数名词复数形式 2.the amount of:…的数量(强调总量)，其后多接不可数名词 eg: the amount of snow降雪量 the amount of money钱的数量 the number of boys男孩的数量 the number of chairs 椅子的数量
4、This developed into tools like the abacus.develop.v.发展
相关词 developed: adj.发展的，发达的 developing: adj.发展中的 development: n.发展
6、They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.so that 此处引导目的状语从句，―为的是，以便‖，从句中常有can, could, may,might等情态动词。 so that 从句可以转换成in order +that 从句 或 in order to do sth.结构
I work hard so that I could finish my work on time.= I work hard in order that I could finish my work on time.= I work hard in order to finish my work on time.【拓展】so that 也可以引导结果状语从句，―结果，因此‖，该从句前常用逗号与主句隔开。It rained heavily, so that we had to stay at home.
You‘d better take the map with you ______ you won‘t get lost.A.as long as B.as soon as C.now that D.so that
