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Abstract
Game theory
Game theory is the science of strategy and was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John Von Neumann.In the early years the emphasis was on games of pure conflict.Other games were considered in a cooperative form.Games are different from decisions made in a neutral environment.The eence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous.The logical circle is squared using a concept of equilibrium developed by the Princeton mathematician John Nash.Nash’s notion of equilibrium remains an incomplete solution to the problem of circular reasoning in simultaneous-move games.Some games have many such equilibrium while others have none.And this notion has some flaws.In spite of it,the concept has proved extremely useful in analyzing many strategic interactions.There are some examples of strategic interaction illustrate some of the fundamentals of game theory:the prisoners’dilemma,mixing moves and strategic moves.Recent advances in game theory have succeeded in describing and prescribing appropriate strategies in several situations of conflict and cooperation.But the theory is far away from complete,and in many ways the design of succeful strategy remains an art.
Key words: game theory,sequential,simultaneous,equilibrium
博弈论是战略的科学性和首创了由普林斯顿数学家约翰·冯·诺伊曼。在最初几年的重点是纯冲突的游戏。其他比赛被认为是一种合作形式。游戏不同于在一个中立的环境中做出的决定。游戏的本质是玩家策略的相互依存。有两种不同类型的战略相互依存的：顺序和同步。逻辑循环是利用均衡的概念是由普林斯顿数学家约翰·纳什开发的平方。纳什均衡的概念对于同时进行的循环论证问题仍然是一个不完整的解决方案。有些游戏有很多这样的均衡，而另一些则没有。而且这个概念有一些缺陷。尽管它的概念已被证明在分析许多战略互动非常有用。有战略互动的一些例子说明了一些博弈论的基本原理：囚徒困境，混合动作和战略举措。在博弈论的最新进展已经成功地描述和规定适当的策略在冲突与合作的几种情况。但理论是远未完成的，而且在成功策略很多方面的设计仍然是一门艺术。
