考博英语词汇

发布时间：2020-03-03 12:06:11 来源：范文大全收藏本文下载本文手机版

考博英语词汇（1）

第一部分词汇记忆策略 1．全脑活化

人类左右脑分析比较：

左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑

右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、

直觉

右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能： 1．超高速大量记忆机制 2．图像化机能 3．超高速演算机能 4．共振共鸣机能 2．举例说明：

132623182830152111241922131425 3．词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配

 euthanasia, chrysanthemum  flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcius, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …

 receive---deceive---conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同)  tumble---stumble （tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over / on 脚下拌到东西而跌倒）

 stationary---stationery （文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有"e", 故见到"e"就想起是文具。）

 genius --- genuine (含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”),  form---deform确（形状；变形）  attach to

第二部分实例练习1．联想法

carnation, narcius, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, aainate, antarctic, armour， abalone, flounder, cult, beau 2．串联法 network: Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on… 3．构词法

-age （状态、特性、行为）

page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, meage/maage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, paage, postage, bondage （bond 结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage, usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosage

1 language, image, heritage, engage -ward inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award,

a- (构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。。。) apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, acro alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amount affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow 4．近义词

Merchants 煤商

Dealers 买进卖出商人 Businemen （广义）商人 Tradesmen （英）店主

Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出

Scenery一国一地的自然风光

Views特别的景象

Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent 紧急

Hasty 草率

Instant 立刻

Prompt 快速；及时

Contend 竞争；斗争 Compete比赛；竞争 Struggle斗争

Conflict 斗争

Hinder Preclude Detain Retard Hamper Protract Postpone Cancel Delay Adjourn

Blame for Condemn for Accuse of Criticize for Announce Publish Advertise Inform

Substitute Selection Preference Alternative

Fraud Deceive Cheat Dupe

Decline Deny Reject Refuse

Reliable Confident Faithful Dependent

Income Wages Salary Pay Buyers Shoppers Customers Clients Particular Peculiar Special Unusual

Preliminary Primary Elementary Fundamental

Perplex Puzzle Confuse

Fatigued Tired Exhausted Bored

Thieves Burglars Robbers Bandits

Synthetic False Imitation Counterfeit Artificial

Mortal Fatal Deadly

Imaginative Imaginable Imagined Imaginary

Reproach Scold Compliment Reprimand

Empty Blank Vacant Bare

2 ．近形词 fiction fraction friction function

tumble stumble scramble humble tremble resume consume aume presume

resumption consumption aumption presumption bore core pore sore

simplify modify verify rectify

justify testify rectify verify

transcription subscription prescription description

attribute contribute distribute tribute

attitude altitude aptitude

descriptive prescriptive

interference interruption intervention interaction

transaction transmiion transformation transition

contact intact

poibility validity reliability security

conceivable perceivable arise rise raise arouse

respectful respectable respected respective

detain attain retain certain contain

room doom boom loom

intense intentional intensive intending intended

aure ensure insure reaure

sometimes some time sometime some times

hatch catch patch match bare rare care dare fare hare

banish vanish diminish admonish

durability flexibility versatility

3 5 hostility fold include

gold cooperate hold form coordinate mold deform correlate sold inform correspond told transform

conform observe migrant

reserve immigrant contempt conserve immigrate attempt preserve immigration prompt deserve emigrant

emigrate except prior emigration accept superior concept inferior edge percept senior hedge

junior wedge receive

pledge deceive sparrow

conceive swallow deduce perceive hollow reduce

sorrow produce achieve narrow induce believe pillow seduce grieve

relieve bold preclude

cold exclude 自测题：

1.不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：1．____________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________ 4._____________________ 5.__________________ 6._________________ 7._____________________ 8.__________________ 9._________________ 10.____________________ 11._________________ 12.________________ 2.列出以下单词的近义词： 1.income 2.mortal 3.urgent 4.synthetic 5.deceive 6.retard 7.empty 8.confuse

9.buyer 10.contend

3.列出以下单词的近形词：

1.tumble 2.description 3.justify 4.attain 5.attribute 6.prior

汉英对照近义词

Merchants

煤商 Dealers

买进卖出商人 Businemen （广义）商人 Tradesmen

（英）店主

Scene

特别的景象，如泰山的日出 Scenery 一国一地的自然风光 Views 特别的景象 Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent 紧急 Hasty

草率 Instant 立刻 Prompt 快速；及时

Contend 搏斗；争夺 (compete against sb.in order to gain sth.)

Compete 比赛；竞争 (try to be more succeful than another person or organization in busine) compete with sb.for sth./ compete for office（争夺公职） / against Struggle 斗争 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom Conflict

斗争（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion （分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb.to do sth.Or for sth.to develop High invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude: (formal) prevent sth.or make sth.impoible Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain: (officially) prevent sb.from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）

5 He was detained by a flat tire on his way home. The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth.or to make sth.happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟）

Cold weather retards the growth of many plants. Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）

Hamper: restrict sb.movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them. Women's progre in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes. Hamper sb.from getting elected.

Protract: last a long time, esp.longer than usual Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判

Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期 Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while. The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen. The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth. Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.

Blame for

把……归于 Condemn for 谴责 Accuse sb.of sth.指责 Criticize for

批判

Announce

宣布；通知 Publish

发表；出版 Advertise

为……做广告 Inform

告知 (inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth.new or different that you use instead of sth.else that you used previously.替代品；替补

Substitute teacher 代课教师

Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth.you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth.that you can choose to do or use instead of sth.else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and

6 complicated methods.Deceive: make sb.believe sth.that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp.in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb.哄骗；诈骗

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.

Decline: refuse to do sth.（比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）

Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.) Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划 Refuse: 拒绝邀请

Turn down 拒绝（口语）

Reliable 可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。） Confident 有信心的 Faithful 忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter

Dependent 从属的；依靠的

Income 总收入 Wages 按周或日付酬 Salary 月薪；年薪 Pay 工资

Buyers 买主

Shoppers 家庭中外出购物的人 Customers 顾客 Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp.in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiar Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important. a special diet unusual: different from what is usual special ---specially or especially specially: used when you do sth.that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a paive form of a verb: a specially made) especially: to emphasize sth.is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( …, especially when…)

7 Preliminary 初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作） Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备 Elementary 初步的；简单的 Fundamental 基础的

Perplex （常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解

Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand. e.g.I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb.or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth. e.g.What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse （常用被动）

Make sb.feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand. e.g.Don't give me so much information.--- you are confusing me.

I was confused.

Fatigued: very tired. e.g.fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth.is interesting, or because you have nothing to do. e.g.Children easily get bored.

Thieves 小偷；窃贼 Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼 Robbers 强盗；贼

Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）

Synthetic 合成的 False 假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石） Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒) Counterfeit 比Imitation 更贬义

Artificial 人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g.mortal injures / blow / combat Fatal: resulting in sb's death e.g.fatal accident / illne / injures Deadly : like dead in appearance e.g.His face has a deadly palene

likely to cause death e.g.deadly person

8 lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g.a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind

e.g.imaginative writer; imaginative child Imaginable: emphasize that sth.is the best, worst example of sth.that it is poible to imagine All, every, only Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth.could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind. e.g.all the characters in this book are imaginary.

Reproach: ~sb.for /with sth.

~ for doing sth. blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry e.g.Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp.a child, about sth.that have done.Compliment: ~ sb.on sth. Say sth.nice to sb.in order to praise him Reprimand: ~ sb.for sth.tell sb.officially that sth.they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb.severely, about sth.they have done wrong.[ ~ sb.for V-ing] Chide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb.because you do not approve of sth.they have done.

Compliment Complement : show up the good qualities in sb.or sth.or make them seem more attractive.

Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being used e.g.an empty table in the corner [ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home] Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding; e.g.go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.

for TV; stop showing any images Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb.to use Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb.to start with Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or gra Deceived 欺骗 Deserted 遗弃 Desperated 绝望

9 Disappointed 失望

近形词

fiction 小说 fraction 一部分 friction 摩擦

function 功能；职责

tumble 跌倒 stumble 拌倒

scramble 攀登；争夺 humble 谦虚；羞辱 tremble 颤抖；担心

resume 中断后重新开始 consume 消耗

aume 假定；假设；采用 (think that sth.is true although you have no proof of it.E.g.~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp.an important one)

presume 推测；冒昧 (think you can be sure of sth.because it is likely, although there is no proof.E.g.~ sb./ sth.to be sth./ be ~ed to do sth./ ~ to do sth.

resumption 恢复 consumption 消费 aumption 假定；臆断；傲慢(the aumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of aumption made him disliked.) presumption 傲慢；推测；假定 (disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore

V.钻孔

n.孔 core

v.使厌烦 n.令人讨厌的事 pore

v.注视 n.毛孔

a.多孔的 sore

a.疼痛的

n.痛处；溃疡

simplify 简化 modify 更改

对某物作稍微修改使其完善 verify 证实

rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况

justify 证明……是有道理的 testify 证明

rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况 verify 证实

10 transcription: 抄写；翻译；副本 subscription：

捐赠；订阅；认购； prescription 药方；指令 description：描述；描绘

attribute

把……归因于（to ） contribute 捐赠；投稿

contribute… to 有助于 distribute 分发；分配 tribute

贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词

attitude 态度 altitude 高度 aptitude 天资；倾向 latitude 纬度 multitude 人群（a multitude of …许多）

descriptive 说明的 prescriptive 规范的；约定俗成的

interference 干预（强调妨碍） interruption 打断 intervention 介于；在中间起作用 interaction 相互作用

transaction 办理；交易；学报；相反作用 transmiion 传送；传播；发送 transformation 转换；改革 transition 变迁；过渡时期

contact 接触；交往；有影响的熟人（tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕） intact

完整无缺的

poibility 可能性 validity 有效性；正确性 reliability 可靠性 security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined.E.g.every conceivable means perceivable 可感知的；可认识的

arise: begin to happen (problem, difficulty) e.g.arise from= caused by

11 rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become succeful raise: e.g.raise a question; waise your voice arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth.; make sb.angry, afraid; wake sb.

When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government raise / increase the price.E.g.The government is raising the tax.

Respectful 尊重别人的；有礼貌的 Respectable 值得人们尊重的；正派的 Respected 受到人们尊重的 Respective 各自的；各个的

detain: (officially) prevent sb.from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）

Delay sb.who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）

Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth.after trying for a long time.Retain: keep sb.or continue to have sth.e.g.retain a sense of dignity Certain: 一定 Contain: 容纳

Room

房间 Doom 厄运；毁灭；定罪 Boom 高潮，迅速发展 Loom 织布机

Intense 强烈的

Intentional 有意的；故意的 Intensive 精细的；强化的 Intending 打算；意欲 intended

aure : tell sb.that sth.with definitely happen. e.g.~sb.that …

be ~ed of: feel certain that sth.will happen ensure: make sure that it does happen (AmE.Insure) e.g.Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building. Aure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : succe, safety.E.g.The band's latest release has aured their succe in the rock world.insure: against sth.bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.reaure: tell sb.that there is nothing to worry about.

12 e.g.The doctor reaured me that there would be no pain.

sometimes 有时 some time 一些时间 sometime 曾经；有朝一日 some times 几次

hatch 孵化 catch 捉 patch 缝补 match 匹配

bare 赤裸裸的；没有陈设的（揭露） rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的 care 小心；关心 dare 敢于 fare 车船费；乘客；伙食 hare 野兔

banish 禁止出入；驱逐出境；清除；消除（疾病） vanish 突然不见；逐渐消失 diminish 减少；贬低

admonish 警告；告诫；忠告

durability 耐用性 flexibility 变通性；灵活性 versatility 多才多艺；多功能 hostility 敌意；敌视

co- col- com- con- cor- with (共同) cooperate 合作 coordinate 协调 correlate 相关 correspond 相符合

collaborate 协作（与cooperate 同，但多用于科学和艺术）

observe 观察

reserve 保留座位 conserve 保护；节省 preserve 保留 deserve 值得

prior 首先的 superior 优先的