新概念英语(1)期末复习指导
第一部分
期末复习提要
一、内容提要。
本册书的语法内容繁多且分散，目的是让学生对英语的语法有初步的了解并掌握。下面归纳了一下本书所涉及到的语法内容，举出例句，学生可根据所列出的句子举一反三，触类旁通，掌握语法。
1.人称代词主格
he, she, I , you, they, we, it 人称代词在句子里充当主语。注意使用不同的人称代词，谓语动词的形式要作相当的改变。
Stella is a student. He works at a firm.They are going to bed.
2.人称代词宾格:me, him, her, us, them 在句子中充当宾语。
Give Jane this watch.Give her this one, too.3.物主形容词: my, your, his, her, our, their, 物主形容词具有形容词的性质，在句子中充当定语。 Excuse me, Steven.Is this your umbrella? This is my book.His book is over there. 4．物主代词：hers, his, mine, yours, ours, theirs 98
This dre belongs to my sister.It is hers.5.名词的单复数,可数名词与不可数名词
名词分可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词通常指可以用数字计算的物质名词，有单复数形式。单数形式可用a, an修饰，如a cup, an egg, a man, an hour。复数形式通常后直接加-s,-es，或改y为i再加-es,或改f为v再加-es,获至宝如apple（apples）,box(boxes), story(stories)，knife(knives)。有些可数名词的复数形式是不规则的，如child(children), man(men).不可数名词不能用数字计算，一般没有复数形式，用量词表达数量，如a bottle of water, a cup of milk, a piece of steak.It’s an English car.
1 They have three children.I have drunk three cups of coffee. 6.不定冠词a, an与定冠词the的用法
不定冠词a, an可以表示数量一的意思，也可表示泛指。定冠词the表示特指。The用法：单数可数名词第一次出现时，用a(an), 再提到该名词时已属特指，用the，如： Give me a gla.Which gla? The empty one.上文没有出现过的名词， 但大家都领会所指的是特定人或事物,用the，如 Tom lives in Fairfield.It’s a pretty town.The streets are wide. 复数可数名词或不可数名词，泛指时不用冠词，特指时用the,如 I don’t like coffee.
The coffee of this kind is very nice.Boys are lazier than girls.一些专有名词前不用冠词,如 Tom lives in Fairfield.一些固定习语搭配不用冠词，如 I was at home on Saturday.7.some, any
都可修饰可数名词与不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句与疑问句。
There are some books on the desks.There isn’t any chocolate on the table. 8.be 动词:am, is, are My name is Xiaohui.I am Chinese.9.There be 句型
There be句型表示有的意思。主语后置。 There is a vase on the table.There are some birds in the field.Is there a paport here? 10.祈使句
表示命令、建议等比较强烈的语气。通常为一动词短语。 Empty the basket!
Open your mouth!
Shut the door!
2 11.现在进行时
表示此时正在进行的事情或动作。 形式：be+动词的现在分词(V+ing) She’s sweeping the floor.
She isn’t emptying the basket.12.情态动词:can, must, may的用法
can表示能力或不肯定猜测，如： He can take his book.He can be a policeman.Must表示命令或肯定的猜测。 He must stay at home.They must be from German.They speak German.May表示不肯定猜测，如 He may be Swedish.13.介词及介词短语
off, over, between, along, in front of, behind, under, acro, at The aeroplane is flying over the village.
The girl is sitting between her mother and her father.I am going to see him at ten o’clock.I come from France.14.一般现在时
表示现在存在的情况或状态；现在经常发生的动作或习惯的行为，有时常有usually, often, everyday等状语；客观现象或普遍真理。
We come from Germany, but Dimitri comes from Greece.The children go to school in the morning.Mrs.Sawyer usually stays at home.He usually shaves at 7, but today, he is shaving at 8.The earth is round.It goes around the sun.15.疑问句与否定句
Does the sun rise early?
3 The sun doesn’t rise early.Did he buy a house last year? He didn’t buy a house last year.16.一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的情况，用动词的过去式表示。 be—was/were
go—went
come—came
lose—lost meet—met
drink—drank swim—swam
take—took cut—cut
put—put
run—ran
have—had She was at the grocer’s on Thursday.He boiled some eggs yesterday.She took him to school an hour ago.17.现在完成时
1)表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的并与现在有着某种联系的动作；2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。 I’ve already had a banana.
She has never been to China, but he was there in 1992.18.一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或存在的情况。形式：shall/will+原形动词。 He will arrive tomorrow morning.He will go to Beijing next year.19.直接引语与间接引语
用引号引述别人的原话为直接引语。不用引号，用自己的话转述为间接引语。注意时态、人称及状语的变化。
“I am drinking my milk.” He says.He says that he is drinking the milk.“I will leave tomorrow.” He said.He said he would leave tomorrow.20.动词不定式
Please repair it! I want you to repair it.21.形容词的比较级及最高级
cold—colder, coldest nice—nicer, nicest hot—hotter, hottest
expensive—more/le, most/least expensive
beautiful—more/le, most/least beautiful The green apple is as sweet as the red apple.Tom is le intelligent than Bill.
It’s the least interesting book I’ve ever read.22.过去进行时
表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
While I was cooking the dinner, he was working in the garden.
When he arrived I was having a bath.23.定语从句
定语从句在句子中充当定语。可以引导定语从句的有关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词：when, where, why
She is the girl who met me yesterday.
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
This is the ship I traveled on.24.If的用法
if有“假如”、“是否”的意思，分别引导状语从句与宾语从句。
If I win a lot of money, I’ll stay at the best hotels.
I want to know if you are tired.25.被动语态
强调动作的承受者，动作的承受者作主语。
构成：be的适当时态+过去分词
Someone opens the window regularly.
It is opened regularly.
It has already been opened.
二、考试说明
期末考试范围为新概念英语第一册全部内容。题型为语法选择题：30%，在给出的四个选择项中选择最合题意的一项；改写句子：45%，按要求改写句子；填空：15%；阅读理解，10%.
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